NC_old1202: Enteric Diseases of Food Animals: Enhanced Prevention, Control and Food Safety

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[01/17/2018] [01/25/2019] [12/19/2019] [01/22/2021] [01/10/2022]

Date of Annual Report: 01/17/2018

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/02/2017 - 12/03/2017
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2016 - 09/30/2017

Participants

Margo Holland, USDA
Qijing Zhang, Iowa State University
Orhan Sahin, Iowa State University
Frank Blecha, Kansas State University
Weiping Zhang, Kansas State University
Philip Hardwidge, Kansas State University
M.M. Chengappa, Kansas State University
T.G. Nagaraja, Kansas State University
Linda Saif, Ohio State University
Gireesh Rajashekara, Ohio State University
Richard Isaacson, University of Minnesota
Rodney Moxley, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Jun Lin, University of Tennessee
Bledar Bisha, University of Wyoming
Sheela Ramamamoorthy, North Dakota State University
Radhey Kaushik, South Dakota State University
Joy Scaria, South Dakoda State University
Devendra Shah, Washington State University
Jorge A. Vizcarra, Alabama A & M University
Raghavendra Amachawadi, Kansas State University
Dongwan Yoo, University of Illinois at UC
Mo Saif, Ohio State University
Glenn Zhang, Oklahoma State University
Qiuhong Wang, Ohio State University
Zhengguo Xiao, University of Maryland
Linda Mansfield, Michigan State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Day-1: 2^nd December 2017

Meeting called to order by Dr. Lin (Chair, NC1202) at 8:15 am

Lin welcomed all NC1202 participants.
- Welcomed new participants and introduced new NC1202 members.
- Budget update. Approx. $1,400 in balance from 2016 and more funds will be added in 2017 mainly from the registration fees. Enough funds for poster and oral presentation awards.
- Requested nomination for the new secretary (nomination/interest). Explained duties of the secretary (primarily to compile annual reports for the 2018 and 2019). The secretory will be the chair of the NC1202 by default.
- The format of annual report is work in progress. The idea is to make progress report format more user friendly and easier for the secretary to compile report in most efficient way. Comments to improve the report format are welcome. Generally, the new format was well received by NC1202 participants.

Frank Blecha provided information on feedback from USDA on the submission of NC1202 renewal. Generally, the project was well received and positively reviewed.

Margaret Holland provided updates from NIFA.
- AFRI foundational RFA release expected in Feb, may be in March-2018.
- There may be only one AFRI challenge (Feb-March-2018) Sustainable Agricultural Systems (CAPs)-2 million/year x 5 years = 10 million
- There will be AFRI RFA for post-docs/graduate student recruitment.
- Encouraged participants to carefully review the upcoming Animal Health RFA
- Invited NC1202 participants to provide stakeholder input (deadline is Dec. 1^st 2017). Link to questions: http://www.surveymonkey.com/r/Q6HDGC3
- for which input is needed: what’s your top priority in food and agricultural research, extension and education and what are the most promising science opportunities for advancement of food and agricultural sciences.
- Outcomes for 2016 cycle: There were changes in priority areas. Success rate for immune reagents category was 50%. Every category was awarded. However, if there are immune reagents that still needs attention, please let USDA-AFRI know. For 2016: Approx. 26 standard research grants, 3 conference grants and 6 seed grants were awarded.
- Titles of projects are listed on CREES system (diarrhea in pigs to gut injuries etc. majority of the commodity groups were awarded). The CREES system has all of the updates on prior funding (by topic area, not by year)
- For 2017-AFRI animal health well-being program is undergoing review. No one has been notified, if you submitted and do not hear either by phone or email by January 30^th, email Peter and Margo.
- US-Ireland research and development program (tripartite) will continue and had 3 awards for 2017.
- Critical Agricultural Research and Extension (CARE) program is a good opportunity for those engaged in translational research (max of $300,000) for 1 to 3 years. Goal is to develop an implement immediate solution for producers.
- AFRI foundational (exploratory) grant program will continue. Max $100,000 (1 to 2 year) for proof of concept type of research. Application of new knowledge, new approaches for unsolved problems, paradigm shift, high risk idea etc.
- Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases. NIFA increased contribution to $ 5 million/year through 2020.
- Dual Purpose with Dual benefit research ($5 million). NIFA awards 1 to 2 million. Restriction-similarity of problems between animal health and human health. Have to use agricultural animals as a model. Justification in both animal and human health is required. The program will be closing at 5 years (deadline Sept 27, 2018). NC1202 members shared concerns regarding ending of such a unique program that allows overlap between NIH, NIFA and NSF.
- SBIR (small business innovation research) supports Animal production and Protection area. Phase-1 (100k/8 months), phase-II ($650k/2years). Eligibility limited to businesses with 500/less employees.

Discussion:

Meeting called to order at 4:03 pm

New proposal (NC1202) has been approved until 2022.

Currently there are members from 17 institutions. This year, two additional institutions (Oklahoma State and Tennessee State) joined NC1202.

The new multistate group on AMR is in works. Need to find more information about overlap between AMR group and NC1202.

Called for election of new chair. Dr. Isaacson called for motion to elect Dr. Shah as new chair of NC1202, Dr. Rajashekara seconded the motion. Motion was carried unanimously by NC1202 members to elect Dr. Shah as new chair for the next two-year term (2018-19).

Secretary: Does secretory need to be a station representative? Someone mid-career? Dr. Lin proposed Dr. Qiuhong Wang (Ohio State University) as secretory. Dr. Mansfield called for motion, Dr. Linda Saif seconded the motion. Dr. Wang was elected unanimously as new secretary of NC1202 for the two-year term (2018-19).

Topic for next symposium: Gut microbiome. Dr. Saif proposed gut microbiome as a next topic and in general there was strong support by NC1202 members. Need to decide on venue, details of topics etc. The organizing committee was created (Dr. Isaacson as chair of the committee and Drs. Scaria, Saif, and Shahas members of the committee) Following questions were raised as points for further discussion by the committee members.
1. Do we target people who generally come to CRWAD?
2. Do we organize with CRWAD as we did for antimicrobial resistance symposium in 2016?
3. Timing?
4. Need to communicate with Dr. Banfield (CRWAD) if Sunday for next year has been committed?
5. Funding? Need to talk with Peter Johnson about funding for meeting not as NC group but as a separate group. What funding opportunities are out there? Conference grant?
6. Need to also contact industry for sponsorship?
7. Timeline: The committee needs to decide details of topics, speakers, financial support etc and send out email to our group by early March-2018.

Committee will discuss the overall plan and decide on mini-symposium or stand-alone etc.

Oral and poster presentations:
1. In 2017, there are total of 24 abstracts, 4 posters and 7 oral presentations. Judges for oral: Dr. Shah, Rajashekara and Scaria. Judges for poster: Dr. Zhang, Wang and Isaccson.
2. Awards: Oral (two awards- $250-1^st and $150-2^nd) and poster (one award-$200). We have $1100 registration fees for 2017 and $1400 from the balance.
3. Should we have new names for the award. The group unanimously agreed to maintain award names.

Collaboration: Dr. Linda Siaf - we should be prepared to respond to USDA call for collaborative proposal. What if USDA requires matching funds? Dr. Isaccson-USDA may be investing in microbiome research as a topic as there has been some lobbying. We need to wait for the RFA to come out. Dr. Mo Saif- FFAR Foundation for agricultural research may support funding for meetings and can dedicate money to support gap areas. Need to talk to the foundation managers to find out more about how it can support.

Nine (9) Progress Reports were presented from 10:00 am to 5:30 pm on Dec 2, 2017.

Meeting adjourned at 5:30 pm

Day-2: 3^rd December 2017

Meeting called to an order at 8:00 am by Dr. Jun Lin, Chair of NC1202. NC1202 members discussed following issues:

Six (6) Progress Reports were presented from 8:00 am to 10:30 am on Dec 3, 2017.

11.00 am discussion:

Lin shared information from CRWAD council regarding new programing and meeting management, particularly forming a new Program Committee. Dr. Lin encouraged NC1202 members to join the new CRWAD Program Committee.

Accomplishments

Objective 1. Focus on emerging diseases: We will identify, characterize and develop improved detection and prevention methods related to newly recognized, novel or emerging causes of zoonotic enteric disease and enteric pathogens of food animals.   Salmonella   Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)   <ul> <li>Kansas</li> </ul> We fractionated ETEC supernatants using FPLC and determined that ETEC flagellin protects IB from degradation in response to TNF stimulation.   We found that EHEC NleB1 glycosylates two GAPDH arginine residues, and that these two residues are essential for GAPDH-mediated activation of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 ubiquitination. <ol start="2"> <li>Nebraska</li> </ol> A study comparing enriched culture, NeoSEEKTM STEC Detection and Identification test (NS), and multiplex quantitative PCR on cattle fecal and hide samples indicated no gold-standard method for the detection of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) exists.   A study testing a repository of STEC strains (n = 70) for resistance to potassium tellurite in broth cultures found the geometric mean MIC for serogroups (n = 10 per serogroup) from highest to lowest to be O111 > O26 > O145 > O157 > O103 > O121 = O45. The MICs for serogroups O45 and O121 were significantly lower than that of O26, O111, and O145, which may explain the relatively low prevalence of these serogroups in studies involving culture-dependent methods. <ol start="3"> <li>Washington</li> </ol> We completed characterization of KsgA (dimethyladenosine trasferase) mutant of Salmonella Enteritidis. We found that KsgA contributes to the cell-envelope integrity of the Salmonella and could be an important target for the development of new antimicrobials and/or immunoprophylactics.   Campylobacter jejuni   <ol> <li>Michigan:</li> </ol> We show that a number of C. jejuni isolates from human enteritis patients colonize and induce colitis in the C57BL/6 IL-10-/- mouse model whereas isolates from human GBS patients colonize with little or no colitis. We have identified the C. jejuni strain dependent immunological mechanisms behind induction of colitis by a gastroenteritis patient derived strain versus induction of an asymptomatic colonization by the GBS patient derived strains. We show that infection of mice with C. jejuni strains from GBS patients, but not from colitis patients, elicits autoantibody production that react against several nerve gangliosides consistent with those seen in human GBS cases.   Brachyspira hampsonii and Lawsonii intracellularis   <ol> <li>Minnesota</li> </ol> RNAseq was used to determine genes expressed in the ilea of pigs challenged with L. intracellularis. Genes associated with cell proliferation and inflammation were the most commonly detected genes with altered expression profiles.   Coronavirus   <ol> <li>Illinios:</li> </ol> We have developed a cell model for PEDV infection and replication. The cells retain the genotypes and characteristics of swine intestinal epithelial cells and support PEDV infection. These cells will be useful to isolate PEDV from clinical specimens including stools and intestinal tissues and also for isolation of other swine enteric viruses such as swine delta-coronavirus for which no suitable cell lines exist. <ol start="2"> <li>North Dakota:</li> </ol> A colorimetric method for the quantification of PEDV virus and neutralizing antibodies against PEDV was developed to facilitate high throughput testing in diagnostic laboratories. <ol start="3"> <li>Ohio </li> </ol> We evaluated the Fecal shedding of the virus (porcine, PDCoV), seroconversion, and histopathology in 3-7-old gnotobiotic calves orally inoculated with PDCoV or PEDV. In PDCoV-inoculated calves, acute but persisting fecal viral RNA shedding and PDCoV-specific serum IgG antibody responses were observed, but with a lack of lesions and clinical disease. However, no fecal shedding, seroconversion, histological lesions, and clinical disease were detected in PEDV-inoculated calves. We investigated the prevalence of DCoVs in different populations of wild waterfowl in Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana and Arizona (Mississippi flyway). Five thousand avian cloacal swabs were collected during 2015-2016 to survey for avian influenza virus. To date 500 avian cloacal swab RNA samples were tested for DCoV. Seven of 500 avian samples were positive for DCoVs, Our studies show that DCoVs circulate in wild birds in the US, demonstrating the importance of waterfowl as a reservoir of avian DCoVs.   Partial N gene sequence analysis revealed that the newly identified AvDCoVs are most closely related to common-moorhen coronavirus HKU21 (strain HKU21-8295) identified in Hong Kong, China in 2012. This finding suggests that AvDCoVs could have been introduced into the US from China as also suggested for PEDV and PDCoV strains.   We have detected the S1 NTD-del type of PEDV for the first time from US swine, indicating that PEDV continues to evolve in pigs and this may be responsible for disease pattern changes.   Calicivirus   <ol> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> We found that human norovirus (HuNoVs) utilizes the same capsid sites to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) in humans and HBGA-like carbohydrates in lettuce. HuNoVs can be internalized and distributed to edible leaves of lettuce and spinach via contaminated irrigation water from roots.   Rotavirus   Cryptosporidium   <ol> <li>Illinios:</li> </ol> We mined the C. parvum genome and identified genes that encode for rhoptry neck proteins which are known to play a key role in invasion and host-pathogen interactions in other related parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii.   Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)   <ol> <li>Kansas</li> </ol> We employed WGS to detect AMR genes present among Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from swine and cattle probiotics.   We identified probiotic products, frequently used in the swine industry, that carry or do not carry AMR.   Most E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from fecal samples of piglets fed diets with probiotics alone or in combination with chlortetracycline were multidrug resistant.   Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were covalently conjugated to gentamicin and used to target infected cells to kill multiple intracellular Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, including E.coli K1, S. Typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri.   The critical surface characteristics conducive to reducing E. coli adherence to polymeric surfaces were determined. <ol start="2"> <li>Michigan </li> </ol> Infection with antibiotic resistant C. jejuni strains from GBS patients produced both severe Type 1/17 colitis responses when C57BL/6 IL-10-/- mice were treated with a broad spectrum antibiotic that decreased complexity and abundance of the gut microbiota. Antibiotic depletion of microbiota was the main factor in inducing enhanced enteric disease and GBS associated phenotypes although the degree of severity was also dependent on the C. jejuni strain. Antibiotic treated infected mice had high numbers of C. jejuni in the apical, basolateral and paracellular junctions of gut epithelium and within cells of the lamina propria, submucosa and lymph nodes indicating increased invasion and translocation from the gut. These results indicate that antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota alters immune responses to C. jejuni in a manner that exacerbates colitis with C. jejuni strains previously shown to promote predominantly Type 2 responses. <ol start="3"> <li>South Dakota</li> </ol> We sequenced the whole genomes of 103 isolates sampled between 1988 and 2003 from wildlife and exotic pets in the United States. 50.48% isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. Resistance against the aminoglycoside streptomycin was most common.   We performed metagenome sequencing of microbiome of antibiotic treated and untreated beef cattle. We found that in the treated animals, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae which provides colonization resistance to enteric pathogens was reduced. <ol start="4"> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> We observed that C. jejuni LT inhibitor bulgecin A inhibited the activity of the C. jejuni LT and significantly potentiated β-lactam antibiotic against resistant C. jejuni.   The complex structure of the C. jejuni LT with bulgecin A was also obtained, which will facilitate us to identify new lead compounds inhibiting LT using computational docking. <ol start="5"> <li>Wyoming</li> </ol> We conducted surveillance study of E. coli among 1477 European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from concentrated animal feeding operations in Colorado (4 farms), Iowa (1 farm), Kansas (6 farms), Missouri (2 farms), and Texas (5 farms). The resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials was common among both MAC-CTX or MAC-CIP isolates tested (as high as 78% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin), we screened for genetic determinants of β-lactam resistance, focusing on predominant class A ß-lactamase genes blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM and CIT-type AmpCs. CIT-type AmpCs mediated resistance to all β-lactams tested except imipenem (penicillins, β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitors, monobactams, cephalosporins), while blaCTX-M and blaTEM were also identified in multiple isolates, primarily mediating resistance to third generation cephalosporins and penicillins, respectively. <ol start="6"> <li>Washington </li> </ol> We have completed a study on surveillance of ESBL producing Gram negative bacteria in backyard poultry in WA State. Our results show that MDR Gram negative bacteria are common in backyard poultry flock environment even in the absence of prior use of antibiotics.   We have tested 265 isolates of antibiotic susceptible and resistant Salmonella strains belonging to twelve most-prevalent poultry associated serotypes for inter- and intra-serotype diversity in biofilm formation using 4 different biofilm testing methods. MPPSTs show inter- and intra-serotype differences in the type and amount of biofilm production. Combination of colorimetric microtiter plate assay and congo-red tests significantly improves the detection sensitivity of biofilm in field isolates of MPPSTs. The information will be useful in assessing the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella.   We have completed an epidemiological investigation on prevalence of invasive and non-invasive Salmonella Typhimurium in Brazil. Our study shows that genotypically distinct lineages of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 and ST19 are circulating in Brazil. This study should serve as a baseline in studying genetic evolution of S. Typhimurium ST19 in Brazil as well as globally.   Objective 2. Focus on preventions and interventions: We will develop and improve preventative measures and interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of infections of food animals with enteric and foodborne and waterborne pathogens.   Salmonella   <ol> <li>Minnesota</li> </ol> We confirmed that vaccination of pigs against L. intracellularis reduced shedding of Salmonella enterica in pigs. Further there were associated modification in the composition of the fecal microbiome of these pigs.   <ol start="2"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> We identified four novel small molecule inhibitors of Salmonella serotypes and with restricted effects on other prokaryotes. The antimicrobial efficacy of these compounds was not altered in biofilm-protected Salmonella and the compounds enhanced the in vitro efficacy of existing antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, meromycin, and cefeprim) used to treat Salmonella in poultry and humans. The compounds also reduced Salmonella burden in broiler chicken’s ceca when treated for 5 days. Two compounds that reduced Salmonella load in chickens also had minimal impact on the cecal microbiota.     We compared the genomic composition of S. Heidelberg isolated from environmental samples of different breeder farms in the Midwest, US. Whole genome data showed differences in specific metabolic pathways between poultry production system related to horizontal gene transfer (type IV secretion system, conjugative transfer, and phage proteins). <ol start="3"> <li>South Dakota</li> </ol> We developed a gut microbiota culture library from Salmonella free chicken and identified 27 species that inhibit Salmonella. A multi-strain blend from these species were able suppress Salmonella colonization when tested in a germfree chicken model. <ol start="4"> <li>Washington </li> </ol> We have identified new CpG oligodeoxytnucleotide motifs that induce protective innate immune response in day-old chickens against multiple Salmonella serotypes.     We completed testing of antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine against twelve most-prevalent poultry associated Salmonella serotypes. We found that different serovars may vary in their susceptibility to chlorine.   STEC and ETEC   <ol> <li>Minnesota</li> </ol> We collaborated with KSU on studies to show that multiepitope vaccines protected pigs against disease after challenge with ETEC and that there were coordinate changes in the ileal microbiome composition in challenged and vaccinated pigs. <ol start="2"> <li>Nebraska</li> </ol> Serogroup O26, O101, O103, O109, O121, O145, O157, and O177 EHEC organisms were detected in recto-anal mucosal swab samples from feedlot steers with all except O121 quantifiable. High concentrations of EHEC were detected in eleven (5.5%) of the steers at least once. These results indicate that in addition to O157, non-O157 EHEC are transiently present in high concentrations in the rectoanal mucosal region of cattle.   Hides (n = 800) of market beef cows from two geographically distinct beef packing plants, representing northern or southern regions, were tested for EHEC using the NeoSEEKTM STEC Detection and Identification test during four seasons of 2015. Detection of EHEC O26 and EHEC O121 was associated with season. Season and region were associated with detecting EHEC O45 and EHEC O157. Season-by-region interactions were associated with the outcome of detecting EHEC O103, EHEC O111, and EHEC O145. Season, region of origin, and the interaction of these factors affect hide contamination of market beef cattle at slaughter by EHEC, and each serogroup responds to these factors uniquely. <ol start="3"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> We have identified 11 novel bactericidal compounds against APEC. These compounds were effective against biofilm protected APEC and also on multi-antibiotic resistant APEC strains. The compounds had synergetic effect with antibiotic such as colistin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin for APEC. They displayed restricted toxicity on other prokaryotes and to eukaryotic cells. The compounds reduced APEC O78 burden in Caco-2, HD11, human macrophage (THP-1) and Galleria wax moth larvae.   We identified 10 compounds that inhibited quorum sensing AI-2 activity of APEC O78 and other APEC serotypes. The compounds showed minimal toxicity and hemolytic activity to chickens red blood cells (RBCs), and significantly affected the survival of APEC O78, O1 and O2 strains in HD-11/ THP-1 macrophages and Caco-2 cells. Most of the compounds significantly reduced biofilm formation and motility of APEC O78. The expression of several QS-regulated, and virulence associated genes of APEC O78 was also differentially affected by these compounds. The compounds also demonstrated good efficacy against APEC infections in vivo in wax moth larvae. <ol start="4"> <li>Wyoming</li> </ol> We have developed transparency-based electrochemical and paper-based colorimetric analytic detection platforms for food and waterborne bacteria detection from a single assay. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., both indicators of fecal contamination, were detected using substrates specific to enzymes produced by each species. Electrochemical detection using stencil-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) was found to provide optimal performance on inexpensive and disposable transparency film platforms. Using SPCEs, detection limits for electrochemically active substrates, PNP, ONP, and PAP were determined to be 1.1, 2.8, and 0.5 μM, respectively. Low concentrations (101 CFU/mL) of pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli isolates and (100 CFU/mL) E. faecalis and E. faecium strains were detected within 4 and 8 h of pre-enrichment.   Campylobacter jejuni <ol> <li>Iowa</li> </ol> We have completed a longitudinal study on 15 commercial broiler farms (as part of the same integrated production system) including 461 flocks reared in 53 houses for up to 10 consecutive production cycles for Campylobacter presence. The Campylobacter prevalence varied remarkably among farms, houses and flocks examined, with some houses/farms testing consistently negative while others being always positive over the entire sampling period. A risk factor analysis found that Campylobacter positivity/high prevalence was associated with increased feed conversion, increased adjusted prime cost, and decreased paw quality/increased percent hock burnt. Conversely, the variables of increasing average weight, increasing average daily gain, increasing feed conversion adjustment factor values, practice of litter treatment with different chemicals, increasing house temperature, increasing air litter temperature, the condition of air ammonia level (being less than 25 ppm) and litter amendment being used at proper rate were all associated with Campylobacter negativity/low prevalence.   We investigated whether the intestinal microbiota composition correlated with the observed Campylobacter colonization status between the aforementioned broiler farms using a fecal transplantation-in vivo challenge study and 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis. Analysis of Campylobacter-positive (n= 90) vs. –negative (n= 90) intestinal contents revealed differences in the microbiome compositions. <ol start="2"> <li>Michigan</li> </ol> BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice given C. jejuni displayed evidence of GBS autoimmunity, with varied immune responses and disease outcomes BALB/c IL-10-/- mice infected with C. jejuni 11168 exhibited the lowest survivorship, the most severe gross pathology at necropsy and highest grade histopathologic lesions in the ileocecocolic junction, and the highest mean plasma concentrations of anti-C. jejuni IgG1, IgG3, IgG2b, and IgG2a/c antibodies. Significant increases in GM1 and GD1a anti-ganglioside antibody isotypes varied between treatment groups, although no significant differences in macrophage infiltration into lumbar dorsal root ganglia were seen. Immunohistochemical assessment of C. jejuni abundance and localization in the ileocecocolic junction and evaluation of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 cytokine production in colon tissue reflecting the local adaptive immune response are underway. These findings provide a new murine model of GBS following C. jejuni infection designed to examine differences in pathogenesis based on host genotype and infecting C. jejuni strain. <ol start="3"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> We found that pre-treatment of HT-29 human colonic cells with the probiotic EcN significantly affect C. jejuni invasion (~ 2.5 log reduction) and no intracellular C. jejuni were recovered. EcN positively affected the expression of genes that are involved in enhanced intestinal barrier function, decreased cell permeability, and increased tight junction integrity, cell proliferation and cellular immunity.   We showed that C. jejuni exhibited enhanced chemoattraction to and respiration of formate in comparison to other organic acids. Formate also significantly increased C. jejuni’s growth, motility, and biofilm formation under microaerobic (5% O2) conditions. However, formate reduced oxidase stress under microaerobic conditions as well as aerotolerance and biofilm formation under ambient oxygen conditions. The expression of genes encoding the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and proteins that facilitate the use of alternative electron acceptors were increased in the presence of formate. <ol start="4"> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> We continued to develop and assess enterobactin (Ent) antibody-based immune intervention strategies. The Ent conjugate vaccine was used to immunize rabbits, successfully generating Ent specific antibodies.  We also immunized layers with the Ent conjugate vaccine, which triggered strong immune response and led to the production of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder.    Brachyspira hampsonii and Lawsonii intracellularis Coronavirus   <ol> <li>Illinios:</li> </ol> For enteric viruses, type III interferons seem to play a major role to protect from infection in the early stage of infection. We have developed an assay system to monitor the production of type III interferon by PEDV in cells.   We have discovered het PEDV has the ability to counteract the host innate immune response by suppressing type III production such that PEDV is not readily eliminated and instead survive for an extended duration of infection. We have also identified viral protein responsible for this interferon antagonism. <ol start="2"> <li>North Dakota</li> </ol> A proprietary process for the development of safe and efficacious rapid-response vaccines against RNA viruses, such as PEDV, was developed and tested. The process is intended to be a hybrid between inactivated and attenuated vaccines, such that the safety and efficacy advantages are combined. Testing of the vaccine candidate in 3-4 week-old pigs showed that strong anti-spike protein specific antibodies were elicited by vaccination. Vaccinated pigs were completely protected against virulent challenge, while all unvaccinated controls showed signs of the disease. Hence, the developed method showed significant promise for rapid-response vaccine development and for improving the safety of current autogenous vaccines <ol start="3"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> We tested the effects of VitA supplementation in gilts on mucosal immune responses and the gut-mammary-sIgA axis to boost lactogenic immunity and passive protection of nursing piglets against PEDV challenge. The mortality rate of PEDV-challenged piglets of PEDV+VitA gilts was 6.25% compared with 33.3% and 94.3% for PEDV and Mock litters, respectively. Piglets born to PEDV+VitA gilts had lower diarrhea scores at multiple post-challenge days (PCD). PEDV-specific IgA ASC appeared earlier in peripheral blood [post-inoculation day (PID) 6-8] of PEDV+VitA gilts compared with PEDV gilts (PID 12-17) and PEDV+VitA gilts had higher frequencies of IgA+ and IgA+β7+ mononuclear cells in blood at PID 6-8. In colostrum, milk and serum, PEDV+VitA gilts had higher mean PEDV neutralizing antibody titers and milk PEDV-specific IgA ASC compared with PEDV gilts at various piglet PCDs.   We are identifying viral genes related to PEDV virulence in pigs and designing efficacious live attenuated PEDV vaccine candidates using Vero cell-adaptation method and reverse genetics technology.   Calicivirus   <ol> <li>Kansas</li> </ol> We reported the structure-based design of dipeptidyl compounds against norovirus 3C-like proteases and demonstrated they are highly effective in vitro and in vivo.   Rotavirus   <ol> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> We evaluated the effect of ciprofloxacin [alone or co-administered with the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)] on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) numbers and human rotavirus (HRV) infection in a germ-free (GF) or defined commensal microbiota (DM)-associated neonatal pig model. Irrespective of the microbiota status, the ciprofloxacin-treated, HRV infected group had more severe diarrhea, which unexpectedly, coincided with decreased HRV shedding. Interestingly, ciprofloxacin treatment significantly reduced numbers of SOX9+ on intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESC) and goblet cells in the ileum of DM-colonized or GF piglets on day 21 following treatment. In contrast, EcN treatment decreased HRV diarrhea and shedding which coincided with increased numbers of SOX9+ IESCs and goblet cells in piglets with or without ciprofloxacin treatment.   Using commensal microbiota (DM)-associated neonatal pig model, after six days of CIP treatment (DMF+CIP), significantly decreased aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts especially in jejunum (P<0.001).  EcN treatment enhanced the bacterial diversity of DMF species and increased the proportion of B. longum especially in jejunum and mitigated adverse impacts of antibiotic use during acute-infectious diarrhea.   We evaluated the effects of childhood protein malnutrition on adaptive immunity and tryptophan metabolism. After HRV infection, protein-deficient pigs had decreased HRV antibody titers and total IgA concentrations, systemic T helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequencies, and serum tryptophan and angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. Additionally, deficient-diet pigs had impaired tryptophan catabolism post infection compared with sufficient-diet pigs. Further, tryptophan supplementation increased the frequencies of regulatory T cells in pigs on both the sufficient and the deficient diets.   We have established porcine small intestinal (ileal) enteroids (IE) derived from neonatal piglets, and optimized culture media composition and IE propagation/differentiation regimens. We successfully infected IE cultures with HRV Wa strain resulting in increased infectious titers of at least 1 log.   Norovirus   Cryptosporidium   <ol> <li>Illinios:</li> </ol> We have identified novel rhoptry neck proteins in Cryptosporidium parvum. We will use CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the C. parvum genome to generate gene-tagging and gene-knockout transgenic strains. Super-resolution microscopy and functional assays will be performed on these transgenic parasites. Uncovering the function of these proteins will allow us to better understand parasite biology, and ultimately to develop novel therapeutics for disease intervention in agricultural animals.   Microbiome-Host Interactions   <ol> <li>Kansas</li> </ol> Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhanced intestinal IL-17 expression in the context of ETEC infection by activating the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling. <ol start="2"> <li>Michigan</li> </ol> We inoculated germ free C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice with a mixed human fecal slurry provided a murine model that stably passed its microbiota over > 20 generations. Humicrobiota conferred many changes upon the WT model in contrast to previous results, which showed only colonization with no disease after C. jejuni challenge. When compared to Convmicrobiota mice for susceptibility to C. jejuni enteric or GBS patient strains, infected Humicrobiota mice had 1) 10-100 fold increases in C. jejuni colonization of both strains, 2) pathologic change in draining lymph nodes but not colon or cecal lamina propria, 3) significantly lower Th1/Th17-dependent anti-C. jejuni responses, 4) significantly higher IL-4 responses at 5 but not 7 weeks post infection (PI), 5) significantly higher Th2-dependent anti-C. jejuni responses, and 6) significantly elevated antiganglioside autoantibodies after C. jejuni infection. These responses in Humicrobiota mice were correlated with a dominant Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes microbiota. These data demonstrate that microbiota composition is another factor controlling susceptibility to GBS. <ol start="3"> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> Intestinal bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is a promising microbiome target for developing novel alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs).  In the past years, we have identified potent BSH inhibitors with potential to replace AGP as non-antibiotic feed additives. The in vivo efficacy of three BSH inhibitors – caffeic acid phenethylester, riboflavin and carnosic acid - were evaluated using chicken model.  Dietary supplementation of the BSH inhibitors in broilers enhanced body weight gain/feed efficiency, and significantly changed host bile acid and transcriptome profiles at both local and systemic levels, which provided physiological, metabolomics, and molecular evidence demonstrating in vivo efficacy of the tested BSH inhibitors.    Objective 3. Focus on disseminating knowledge: We will provide training or continuing education to disseminate new information to students, producers, veterinarians, diagnostic labs and others to implement interventions and preventative measures.   <ol> <li>Oral and poster presentations were given at national scientific meetings.</li> <li>Information shared in presentations to professional veterinary, graduate, and undergraduate students allowed them to gain knowledge important for development in careers pertaining to animal health and food safety.</li> <li>Information shared in presentations to scientists in various disciplines allowed them to gain important knowledge and in some cases, continuing education credit.</li> <li>At Iowa State. a website dedicated to Campylobacter in poultry has been designed and fully active (<a href="http://www.campypoultry.org">campypoultry.org</a>). This website disseminates current information to consumers of poultry products, poultry producers, and poultry processors. Google Analytics has been used to track usage of the web site. Peer-reviewed papers published in refereed scientific journals are the source of all abstracts appearing on the Campylobacter website.</li> <li>Iowa State University launched a consumer education program was launched to educate the consumers (parenting adults of children) on the topics of Campylobacter control in consumer kitchens, summer food selection, preparation and storage, and behavioral beliefs and belief evaluations of the parenting target population of this project.</li> <li>Hardwidge from Kansas State served on the organizing committee and as section chair at the 8th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses, May 7-10, Manhattan, KS.</li> <li>Mansfield gave instructional programs to medical students, veterinary students and practicing veterinarians designed to enhance their knowledge of microbiology and foodborne illness.</li> <li>Mansfield gave instructional programs to veterinary residents or assistant professors designed to improve their ability to conduct scientific research and progress in their careers.</li> <li>Yoo (Illinios) traveled to Korea to give a seminar presentation at the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency on the prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea on August 28, 2017. He also gave a lecture on the control of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus at the 33rd World Veterinary Congress in Incheon Korea on August 30, 2017. The total number of participants in this Congress reached 5,117 from 79 countries.</li> <li>Scaria, NC1202 PI at the South Dakota State University gave the keynote address for the South Dakota Food safety summit held at Brookings SD on October 12, 2017. The talk entitled “Emerging Pathogens and Antimicrobial Effectiveness for Pathogen Reduction in Beef Slaughter” discussed the use of whole genome sequencing as a means of tracking antimicrobial resistance in beef cattle. Members of the academic community, regulatory agencies and the processing industry were participants.</li> <li>A national symposium on intervention of Campylobacter in poultry was held on Dec 3, 2017 in Chicago, in conjunction with the 98th annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, which was organized by NC-1202 members (Drs. Qijing Zhang, Orhan Sahin, Iowa State University). We gave a talk focused on “Preharvest control of Campylobacter in poultry”.</li> <li>Shah from Washington State University was invited by AmericanCollege of Poultry Veterinarians (ACPV) workshop held at Sacramento, CA to give a talk on “antimicrobial resistance in poultry-associated Salmonella: perspectives and unanswered questions”.</li> </ol>   Objective 4. Group interaction: The group will interact in a variety of ways to facilitate progress including direct collaborations with joint publications, sharing of resources (pathogen strains, gene sequences, statistical analysis, bioinformatics information/expertise), and friendly feedback and facilitation for all research efforts at annual meetings.   <ol> <li>Two extramural awards to NC-1202 members working together as teams and serving as PDs, Co-PDs, or collaborators on these projects are in progress:</li> <li>Moxley RA, Thippareddi H, Phebus RK, Gallagher DL, Luchansky JB, Renter DG, Kastner CL, Sanderson MW, Thomson DU. Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in the Beef Chain: Assessing and Mitigating the Risk by Translational Science, Education and Outreach.  $24,808,592. USDA-NIFA-AFRI, Food Safety Challenge Area, NIFA Award No. 2012-68003-30155. 1/1/2012-12/31/2018. This USDA Coordinated Agricultural Project involves 52 collaborators (scientists and educators) at 18 institutions.  NC-1202 participants that are collaborators also includes Drs. T.G. Nagaraja and N. Cernicchiaro at Kansas State University.</li> <li>Zhang W, Moxley RA, Cernicchiaro N. A Broadly Protective Vaccine against Post-Weaning Diarrhea (PWD). $460,000. USDA-NIFA-AFRI, Animal Health and Disease, Area A1221. Award No. 2017-67015-26632.  5/15/2017-5/14/2022.  Zhang and Cernicchiaro at Kansas State University and Dr. Moxley at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln are all NC-1202 participants.</li> <li>Mansfield was a delegate to the he North Central Antibiotic ResistanceRoundtable, held at the Ohio Union, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH May 19-20. Discussions centered on discussions of a variety of means to control the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human and animal health.</li> <li>Mansfield was a delegate to the AAVMC/APLU Meeting “Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance (CARB)”, Tuesday September 19, 2017 held at the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC), Washington D.C. Discussions centered on responses to antimicrobial resistance problems in food animals.</li> <li>The University of Minnesota (Isaacson) collaborated with Kansas State University (Zhang) on testing the efficacy of a multi-epitope vaccine to protect against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and to determine whether the challenge of pigs with ETEC and vaccination alters the ileal microbiome. The work has shown both efficacy of the vaccines and alterations associated with challenge with ETEC of the microbiome. This work was presented: Leite, F., Nandre, R.M., Duan, Q., Zhang, W., and Isaacson, R.E. Microbiome changes in the small intestine of newborn piglets related to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge and gilt vaccination. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, 2017.</li> <li>NC1202 group members Dr. Scaria (SDSU) and Dr. Orhan (Iowa state U) collaborated on a project to track antimicrobial resistance in food animals. Total funding $385,000, Agency - FDA, Project duration 10/01/2017 – 09/30/2022</li> <li>We are having active collaboration with Iowa State University (Dr. Qijing Zhang) and Ohio State University (Drs. Rajashekara and Medeiros) for the ongoing NIFA Food Safety Challenge Grant (NIFA 2012-68003-19679. Novel approaches for mitigation of Campylobacter in poultry).</li> </ol>

Publications

Refereed Journal Articles <ol> <li>Sanjaya A, Elder JR, Shah DH. Identification of new CpG oligodeoxynucleotide motifs that induce expression of interleukin-1β and nitric oxide in avian macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2017 Oct;192:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.08.005. PubMed PMID: 29042009.</li> <li>Paul NC, Sullivan TS, Shah DH. Differences in antimicrobial activity of chlorine against twelve most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Food Microbiol. 2017 Jun;64:202-209. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.004. PubMed PMID: 28213027.</li> </ol> <ol start="3"> <li>Shah DH, Paul NC, Sischo WC, Crespo R, Guard J. Population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of the most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Poult Sci. 2017 Mar 1;96(3):687-702. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew342. Review. PubMed PMID: 27665007.</li> </ol> <ol start="4"> <li>Villa-Rojas R, Zhu MJ, Paul NC, Gray P, Xu J. Shah DH, Tang J. Biofilm forming Salmonella strains exhibit enhanced thermal resistance in wheat flour. Food Control. 73:689-695</li> <li>Lin J. Antimicrobial resistance: from basic science to translational innovation. Animal Health Research Reviews. 2017. Dec; 18: (In press)</li> <li>Zeng X, Lin J. The factors influencing horizontal gene transfer in the intestine. Animal Health Research Reviews. Dec;18: (In press)</li> <li>Sun J, Zeng X, Li XP, Liao XP, Liu YH, Lin J. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in animals: current status and future directions. Animal Health Research Reviews. Dec; 18: (In press)</li> <li>Langel, S.N., Paim, F.C., Lager, K.M., Vlasova, A.N., Saif, L.J. (2016) Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): Historical and current concepts. Virus Res. 226:93-107</li> <li>Jung, K., Hu, H., Saif, L.J. (2017). Calves are susceptible to infection with the newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus, but not with the swine enteric alphacoronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Archives of Virology. 162(8):2357-2362.</li> <li>Fischer, D.D., Kandasamy, S., Paim, F.C., Langel, S.N., Alhamo, M.A., Shao, L., Chepngeno, J., Miyazaki, A., Huang, H.C., Kumar, A., Rajashekara, G., Saif, L.J., Vlasova, A.N. (2017). Protein malnutrition alters tryptophan and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 homeostasis and adaptive immune responses in human rotavirus infected gnotobiotic pigs transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota. Clin Vaccine Immunol. pii: CVI.00172-17. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00172-17.</li> <li>Annamalai T, Lin CM, Gao X, Liu X, Lu Z, Saif LJ, Wang Q (2017). Cross protective immune responses in nursing piglets infected with a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain and challenged with an original US PEDV strain. Vet Res. 6;48(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0469-7. PubMed PMID: 28985754.</li> <li>Hou Y, Lin CM, Yokoyama M, Yount BL, Marthaler D, Douglas AL, Ghimire S, Qin Y, Baric RS, Saif LJ, Wang Q (2017). Deletion of a 197-Amino-Acid Region in the N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Attenuates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Piglets. J Virol. 26;91(14). pii: e00227-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00227-17. Print 2017 Jul 15. PubMed PMID: 28490591.</li> <li>Lin CM, Hou Y, Marthaler DG, Gao X, Liu X, Zheng L, Saif LJ, Wang Q (2017). Attenuation of an original US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain PC22A viaserial cell culture passage. Vet Microbiol. 62-71. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.015. PubMed PMID: 28284624.</li> <li>Ohba M, Oka T, Ando T, Arahata S, Ikegaya A, Takagi H, Ogo N, Zhu C, Owada K, Kawamori F, Wang Q, Saif LJ, Asai A (2017). Antiviral effect of theaflavins against caliciviruses. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 70(4):443-447. doi: 10.1038/ja.2016.128. PubMed PMID: 27756911.</li> <li>DeblaisL, LorentzB, ScariaJ, NagarajaKV, NisarM, and RajashekaraG (2017). Comparative genomic study of Salmonella Heidelberg from chicken and turkey poultry production systems (Submitted to Frontiers in Genetics).</li> <li>Helmy YA., Kassem II, Kumar A and Rajashekara G (2017). In vitro evaluation of the impact of the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 on Campylobacter jejuni’s invasion and intracellular survival in human colonic cells. Frontiers in Food Microbiology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01588">org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01588</a>.</li> <li>Issmat I. Kassem, R. Candelero-Rueda, K. Esseili, and G. Rajashekara. (2017). Formate simultaneously reduces oxidase activity and enhances respiration in Campylobacter jejuni. Scientific Reports. 7:40117.</li> <li>Kassem II., Helmy YA., Kathayat D, Candelero-Rueda R, Kumar A, Deblais L, Huang H, Sahin O, Zhang Q, and Rajashekara G (2017). Nonculturability Might Underestimate the Occurrence of Campylobacter in Broiler Litter. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2017.2279">org/10.1089/fpd.2017.2279</a></li> <li>Amadi VA, Matthew-Belmar V, Subbarao C, Kashoma I, Rajashekara G, Sharma R, Hariharan H, Stone D (2017). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28650672">Campylobacter Species Isolated from Pigs in Grenada Exhibited Novel Clones: Genotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Sequence Types.</a> Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2017 Jul;14(7):419-425. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2229.</li> <li>Nisar M, Kassem II, Rajashekara G, Goyal SM, Lauer D, Voss S, Nagaraja KV (2017). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430086">Genotypic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Heidelberg isolated from chickens and turkeys in the midwestern United States.</a> J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017 May;29(3):370-375. doi: 10.1177/1040638717690784.</li> <li>Stromberg ZR, Lewis GL, Schneider LG, Erickson GE, Patel IR, Smith DR, Moxley RA. Culture-based quantification with molecular characterization of non-O157 and O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolates from rectoanal mucosal swabs of feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2017 Oct 12. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2326. PubMed PMID: 29022742.</li> <li>Schneider LG, Klopfenstein TJ, Stromberg ZR, Lewis GL, Erickson GE, Moxley RA, Smith DR. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of dietary fibre from distillers grains on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli detection from the rectoanal mucosa and hides of feedlot steers. Zoonoses Public Health. 2017 Jul 28. doi: 10.1111/zph.12379. PubMed PMID: 28755469.</li> <li>Moxley RA, Francis DH, Tamura M, Marx DB, Santiago-Mateo K, Zhao M. Efficacy of urtoxazumab (TMA-15 humanized monoclonal antibody specific for Shiga toxin 2) against post-diarrheal neurological sequelae caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet model. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Jan 26;9(2). pii: E49. doi: 10.3390/toxins9020049. PubMed PMID: 28134751; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5331429.</li> <li>Patterson, S.K, Kim, H.B., Borewicz, K., and Isaacson, R.E. Towards an understanding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium persistence in Swine. Animal Health Research Review, 17:159 (2017).</li> <li>Kim, H.B. and Isaacson, R.E. Salmonella in Swine: Microbiota Interactions. Annual Reviews in Animal Biosciences. 5:43 (2017).</li> <li>Kim, Bo-Ra, Shin, J., Guevarra, R. B., Lee, J. H., Kim, D. W., Seol,K. H., Lee, J., Kim, H. B., Isaacson, R. E. Deciphering diversity indices for better understanding of the microbial communities, Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1709.09027, 2017.</li> <li>Sahin O, Yaeger M, Wu Z, Zhang Q. Campylobacter-Associated Diseases in Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2017 Feb 8;5:21-42. doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022826. Epub 2016 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 27860495.</li> <li>Sahin O, Shen Z, Zhang Q. Methods to Study Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1512:29-42. PubMed PMID: 27885596.</li> <li>Cha W, Mosci R, Wengert SL, Singh P, Newton DW, Salimnia H, Lephart P, Khalife W, Mansfield LS, Rudrik JT, and Manning SD. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Michigan and the association with phylogenetic lineage and disease severity, Front Microbiol. 2016 Apr 26;7:589. doi: 10.3389/ fmicb.2016.00589.</li> <li>Charles JL, Bell JA, Gadsden BJ, Malik A, Cook H, Van de Grift LK, Kim HY, Smith EJ, Mansfield LS. Guillain Barré Syndrome is induced in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice following Campylobacter jejuni infection and is exacerbated by antibiotics. Journal of Autoimmunity, Volume 77, February 2017, Pages 11–38, accepted 1/21/2016.</li> <li>Brooks PT, Brakel KA, Bell JA, Bejcek CE, Gilpin T, Brudvig JM, Mansfield LS. Transplanted Human Fecal Microbiota Enhanced Guillain Barré Syndrome Autoantibody Responses after Campylobacter jejuni Infection in C57BL/6 mice. Microbiome (2017) 5:92, DOI 10.1186/s40168-017-0284-4.</li> <li>Brooks PT, Bell JA, Bejcek CE, Malik A, and Mansfield LS. Antibiotic Depletion Drives Severe Campylobacter jejuni-Mediated Type 1/17 Colitis and Type 2 Autoimmunity. In Revision for PLOS One, 2017.</li> <li>Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Kim Y, Rathnayake AD, Alliston KR, Butler MM, Cardinale SC, Bowlin TL, Groutas WC, Chang KO. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Prodrugs of Transition State Inhibitors of Norovirus 3CL Protease.  J Med Chem. 2017 Jul 27;60(14):6239-6248. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00497. PMID: 28671827</li> <li>Damalanka VC, Kim Y, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Lushington GH, Mehzabeen N, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel series of macrocyclic inhibitors of norovirus 3CL protease. Eur J Med Chem. 2017 Feb 15;127:41-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech. PMID: 28038326.</li> <li>Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Kim Y, Rathnayake AD, Damalanka VC, Weerawarna PM, Doyle ST, Alsoudi AF, Dissanayake DM, Lushington GH, Mehzabeen N, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Structure-based exploration and exploitation of the S4 subsite of norovirus 3CL protease in the design of potent and permeable inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2017 Jan 27;126:502-516. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.027. PubMed PMID: 27914364.</li> <li>El Qaidi S, Chen K, Halim A, Siukstaite L, Rueter C, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Clausen H, Hardwidge PR. NleB/SseK effectors from Citrobacter rodentium, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica display distinct differences in host substrate specificity. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jul 7;292(27):11423-11430. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.790675. PMID: 28522607</li> <li>Wang G, Geisbrecht BV, Rueter C, Hardwidge PR. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Flagellin Inhibits TNF-Induced NF-B Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Pathogens. 2017 May 17;6(2). pii: E18. doi: 10.3390/pathogens6020018. PMID: 28513540</li> <li>Ren W, Yin J, Xiao H, Chen S, Liu G, Tan B, Li N, Peng Y, Li T, Zeng B, Li W, Wei H, Yin Z, Wu G, Hardwidge PR, Yin Y. Intestinal Microbiota-Derived GABA Medicates Interleukin-17 Expression during Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Front Immunol. 2017 Jan 16;7:685. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00685. PMID: 28138329</li> <li>Gomarasca M, F C Martins T, Greune L, Hardwidge PR, Schmidt MA, Rüter C. Bacterium-Derived Cell-Penetrating Peptides Deliver Gentamicin To Kill Intracellular Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Mar 24;61(4). pii: e02545-16. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02545-16. PMID: 28096156</li> <li>Yuan Y, Hays MP, Hardwidge PR, Kim J. Surface characteristics influencing bacterial adhesion to polymeric substrates, RSC Advances, 2017, 7, 14254-14261. DOI: 1039/C7RA01571B</li> <li>Tang Y, Dai L, Sahin O, Wu Z, Liu M, and Zhang Q. Emergence of a plasmid-borne multidrug resistance gene cfr (C) in foodborne pathogen Campylobacter. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Jun 1;72(6):1581-1588. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx023. PubMed PMID: 28186558.</li> <li>Sahin O, Terhorst SA, Burrough ER, Shen Z, Wu Z, Dai L, Tang Y, Plummer PJ, Ji J, Yaeger MJ, Zhang Q. Key Role of Capsular Polysaccharide in the Induction of Systemic Infection and Abortion by Hypervirulent Campylobacter jejuni. Infect Immun. 2017 May 23;85(6). pii: e00001-17. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00001-17. PubMed PMID: 28373351; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5442617.</li> <li>Tang Y, Sahin O, Pavlovic N, LeJeune J, Carlson J, Wu Z, Dai L, Zhang Q. Rising fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter isolated from feedlot cattle in the United States. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 29;7(1):494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00584-z. PubMed PMID: 28356558.</li> <li>Kassem II, Helmy YA, Kathayat D, Candelero-Rueda RA, Kumar A, Deblais L, Huang HC, Sahin O, Zhang Q, Rajashekara G. Nonculturability Might Underestimate the Occurrence of Campylobacter in Broiler Litter. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2017 Aug;14(8):472-477. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2279. PubMed PMID: 28622473.</li> <li>Pawlowic MC, Vinayak S, Sateriale A, Brooks CF, Striepen B. Generating and Maintaining Transgenic Cryptosporidium parvum Parasites. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2017 Aug1; 46: 20B.2.1-20B.2.32. doi: 10.1002/cpmc.33. PubMed PMID: 28800157.</li> <li>Manjunatha UH, Vinayak S, Zambriski JA, Chao AT, Sy T, Noble CG, Bonamy GMC, Kondreddi RR, Zou B, Gedeck P, Brooks CF, Herbert GT, Sateriale A, Tandel J, Noh S, Lakshminarayana SB, Lim SH, Goodman LB, Bodenreider C, Feng G, Zhang L, Blasco F, Wagner J, Leong FJ, Striepen B, Diagana TT. A Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor is a drug candidate for cryptosporidiosis. Nature. 2017 Jun 15;546(7658):376-380. doi: 10.1038/nature22337. Epub 2017 May 31. PubMed PMID: 28562588; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5473467.</li> <li>Arnold SLM, Choi R, Hulverson MA, Schaefer DA, Vinayak S, Vidadala RSR, McCloskey MC, Whitman GR, Huang W, Barrett LK, Ojo KK, Fan E, Maly DJ, Riggs MW, Striepen B, Van Voorhis WC. Necessity of Bumped Kinase Inhibitor Gastrointestinal Exposure in Treating Cryptosporidium Infection. J Infect Dis. 2017 Jul 1;216(1):55-63. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix247. PubMed PMID: 28541457.</li> <li>Hulverson MA, Vinayak S, Choi R, Schaefer DA, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Vidadala RSR, Brooks CF, Herbert GT, Betzer DP, Whitman GR, Sparks HN, Arnold SLM, Rivas KL, Barrett LK, White AC Jr, Maly DJ, Riggs MW, Striepen B, Van Voorhis WC, Ojo KK. Bumped-Kinase Inhibitors for Cryptosporidiosis Therapy. J Infect Dis. 2017. Apr 15;215(8):1275-1284. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix120. PubMed PMID: 28329187.</li> <li>Zhang, Q., Ke, H., Blikslagar, A., Fujita, T., & Yoo, D. Type III interferon restriction by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the role of viral protein nsp1 in IRF1 signaling. J Virol 2017. (In Press)</li> <li>ZhangQ, Ma J, Yoo Inhibition of NF-κB activity by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nonstructural protein 1 for innate immune evasion. Virology. 2017 Oct;510:111-126. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Jul 15. PMID: 28715653.</li> <li>ZhangQ, Yoo Immune evasion of porcine enteric coronaviruses and viral modulation of antiviral innate signaling. Virus Res. 2016 Dec 2;226:128-141. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.015. Epub 2016 May 19. Review. PMID: 27212682.</li> <li>ZhangQ, Shi K, Yoo Suppression of type I interferon production by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and degradation of CREB-binding protein by nsp1. Virology. 2016 Feb;489:252-68. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.12.010. Epub 2016 Jan 14. PMID: 26773386</li> <li>Thomas M, Webb, MJ, Ghimire S, Blair AD, Olson KC, Fenske GJ, Fonder AT, Hennings J, Brake D, Scaria J. Metagenomic characterization of the effect of feed additives on the gut microbiome and antibiotic resistome of feedlot cattle. Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 25;7(1):12257. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12481-6. PMID:28947833</li> <li>Thomas M, Fenske GJ, Ghimire S, Antony L, Welsch R, Ramachandran A, Scaria J. Whole genome sequencing-based detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from wildlife. Gut Pathogens 2017 (accepted)</li> <li>Chandler JC, Schaeffer JW, Davidson M, Magzamen SL, Pérez-Méndez A, Reynolds SJ, Goodridge LD, Volckens J, Franklin AB, Shriner SA, Bisha B. A method for the improved detection of aerosolized influenza viruses and the male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage MS2. J Virol Methods. 2017 Aug;246:38-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.04.004.</li> <li>Adkins JA, Boehle K, Friend C, Chamberlain B, Bisha B, Henry CS. Colorimetric and Electrochemical Bacteria Detection Using Printed Paper- and Transparency-Based Analytic Devices. Anal Chem. 2017 Mar 21;89(6):3613-3621. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05009.</li> </ol>  Book Chapters <ol> <li>Wang, Q., Feng, L., Saif, L.J. Chapter 68: Porcine epidemic diarrhea. In: Koos Coetzer (Chief Editor), Infectious Diseases of Livestock (<a href="http://anipedia.us16.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=bad4a4f271e0b0026c517572f&id=778836a6b0&e=88871b79d6">http://demo.anipedia.org/</a>)</li> <li>Kassem II, Helmy YA, Kashoma IP, and Rajashekara G (Nov, 2016). The emergence of antibiotic resistance on poultry farms.In: Ricke, S., (ed.), Achieving sustainable production of poultry meat: Safety, quality and sustainability. Volume 1. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, UK. ISBN: 978-1-78676-064-7</li> <li>Hennings J, Erickson G, Hesse R, Nelson EA, Rossow S, Scaria J, Slavic D. Diagnostic Tests, Test Performance, and Considerations for Interpretation. Diseases of Swine, 2017 11th Edition (vol2. Chapter 7). Wiley-Blackwell.</li> </ol>  Non-Refereed Articles <ol> <li>Bhandari M, Hoang H, Sun D, Shi K, Labios L, Madson DM, Magstadt D, Arruda PHE, Yoo D, Yoon, K-J. Characterization of humoral immune responses in sera and oral fluids of weaned pigs following experimental PEDV infection/reinfection.  2016. Proceedings, International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. 24th Intl Pig Vet Society Congress. Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10.</li> <li>Han M, Ke H, Yoo D. Suppression of host protein synthesis and regulation of interferon response by PRRS virus. 2016. Proceedings, International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. 24th Intl Pig Vet Society Congress. Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10.</li> </ol> <ol start="3"> <li>Zhang Q, Shi K, Yoo D. Interferon suppression and innate immune modulation by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. 2016. Proceedings, International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. 24th Intl Pig Vet Society Congress. Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10.</li> <li>Bisha B. Cutting-edge tech traces food contamination to its sources. Reflections Magazine (University of Wyoming College of Agriculture and Natural Resources). 2017.</li> </ol>  Research Presentations with Published Abstracts <ol> <li>ChiokKL, Paul NC, Shah DH. KsgA contributes to structural and functional integrity of the cell envelope in Salmonella Enteritidis. WSU- NIH Biotechnology Symposium: Biotechnology of the Northwest. Washington State University. Pullman, WA. April 14, 2017. Poster presentation </li> <li>ChiokKL, Shah DH. KsgA contributes to structural and functional integrity of the cell envelope in Salmonella Enteritidis. GPSA Research Exposition. Pullman, WA. March 31, 2017. Poster presentation.</li> <li>Paul NC, Shah DH. Inter- and intra-serotype diversity in biofilm formation by the most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella Pathobiology of enteric and food-borne pathogens section, 98th CRWAD Meeting, Dec 1st-5th, 2017.</li> <li>Panzenhagen PHN, Paul NC, Junior CAN, Costa RG, Rodrigues CD, Shah DH. Genotypically distinct lineage of SalmonellaTyphimurium ST313 and ST19 are circulating in Brazil. Ecology and management of food-borne agents, 98th CRWAD Meeting, Dec 1st-5th, 2017.</li> <li>Shah DH, Paul NC, Clarridge AEM, Cook-Webb M, Crespo Rocio. Prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases producing bacteria in backyard poultry flock environment in the Washington State. Ecology and management of food-borne agents, 98th CRWAD Meeting, Dec 1st-5th, 2017.</li> <li>Zeng X., Huang C, Wang H, Lin J. Development of enterobactin antibody-based immune intervention strategies. 19th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms. 2017. Sep 9-14, Nantes, France.</li> <li>Lin J., van den Akker F, Zeng X, Vijayaraghavan J, Kaufhold R, Kumar V. Targeting Campylobacter jejuni lytic transglycosylase for drug discovery. 19th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms. 2017. Sep 9-14, Nantes, France.</li> <li>Lin J, Zeng X. Ecology and regulation of beta-lactamase genes. ASM Conference on Innovative Microbial Ecology for Mitigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Bacterial Diseases, 2017. March 22-25, 2017, Crystal City, VA</li> <li>N. Langel, A.N. Vlasova, F. Chimelo Paim, M.A. Alhamo, K. Lager, L.J. Saif. Oral Vitamin A Supplementation of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)-Infected Gilts Enhances the Gut-Mammary-sIgA Axis and Passive Protection in Nursing Piglets. International Congress of Mucosal Immunology [Poster] July 2017</li> <li>C. Paim, L.J. Saif, A. Bowman, H. Hu, A.N. Vlasova. 2017. Detection of Deltacoronavirus (δ-CoVs) in avian cloacal swabs from wild birds in the Mississipi flyway. Abstract. CRWAD 2017- The 98th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Dec 3-5, 2017; Chicago, Illinois</li> <li>Yixuan Hou, Chun-Ming Lin, Masaru Yokoyama, Boyd L. Yount, Douglas Marthaler, Arianna L. Douglas, Shristi Ghimire, Yibin Qin, Ralph S. Baric, Linda J. Saif, and Qiuhong Wang. Deletion of a 197 amino acid-region in the N-terminal domain of spike protein attenuates PEDV. XIVth International Nidovirus Symposium. June 4th - 9th, 2017 in Kansas City, Missouri, USA.(Poster#S6P-7)</li> <li>Esseili, M.A. Tegtmeier S, Saif LJ, Farkas T, and Wang Q. Differential Tissue Distribution of Internalized Human Norovirus, Porcine Sapovirus and Tulane Virus in Lettuce and Spinach Plants. IAFP 2017, July 9-12 in Tampa, Florida. (Oral T7-08)</li> <li>Deblais L, Helmy YA, Kathayat D, Vrisman C, Candelero R, Huang HC, Miller SA, and Rajashekara G. A combined genomic and in vivo imaging platform to understanding Salmonella-tomato plant host interactions. NIFRA IAFP meeting (Tampa – USA – July 2017).</li> <li>Deblais L, Helmy YA, Candelero-Rueda R, Kathayat D, Huang HC, Miller SA, and Rajashekara G. Reduction of Salmonella burden in poultry using new generation small molecules. OBASM (Columbus – USA – April 2017).</li> <li>Deblais L, Lorentz B, Scaria J, Nagaraja KV, Nisar M, and Rajashekara G. Comparative genomic study of Salmonella Heidelberg from chicken and turkey poultry production systems. CWARD meeting (Chicago – USA – December 2017)</li> <li>Helmy YA, Kassem II, Deblais L, and Rajashekara G (2017). Control of Avian Pathogenic coli (APEC) using Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Small Molecules. The <a href="https://www.avma.org/Events/Pages/future-avma-meeting-dates.aspx">American Association</a> of Avian pathologist (AAAP), July 21-25, Indianapolis, IN, USA.</li> <li>Helmy YA, Deblais L, Kassem II and Rajashekara G (2017) Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Compounds For the Control of Avian Pathogenic coli(APEC). ASM Microbe 2017. June 1-5, New Orleans, USA.</li> <li>Helmy YA, Kassem II, Kumar A, and Rajashekara G (2017) Probiotic  colistrain Nissle 1917 as antibiotic- alternative approach to control Campylobacter jejuni infection in poultry. OARDC Annual Research Conference. April 20, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio State, USA.</li> <li>Kathayat D, Helmy YA, Deblais L, Huang-Chi H and Rajashekara G (2017). Identification of novel small molecule compounds with Antimicrobial Activities Specific to Avian Pathogenic  Coli. OARDC Annual Research Conference. April 20, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio State, USA.</li> <li>Kathayat D., Helmy Y.H., Deblais L., Logue C.M., Nolan L.K., and Rajashekara G (2017). Novel small molecule compounds with antimicrobial activities against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. The 98th annual conference of research workers in animal Diseases (CRWAD). Dec 3rd- 5th. Chicago. IL. USA.</li> <li>Moore R, Chopyk J, Harrison A, McAllister S, Renter D, Cernicchiaro N, Moxley R, Wommack KE. Analyzing connections between microbial community structure and pathogenic coli in cattle hide and feces. Proceedings of the 2017 STEC CAP Annual Conference, June 13-15, 2017, Lincoln, NE, poster, abstract.</li> <li>Schneider LG, Stromberg ZR, Lewis G, Moxley RA, Smith DR. A study of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in beef cow-calf herds in Mississippi and Nebraska. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Omaha, NE, September 14-16, 2017.</li> <li>Moxley RA, Yavelak M. 2017. Progress in risk communication and management of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) through the USDA-NIFA coordinated agricultural project. Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition Seminar Series, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA NIFA, Nov. 14, 2017. https://nifa.usda.gov/resource/institute-food-safety-and-nutrition-ifsn-seminar-series.</li> <li>Lu T, Zhang W, Moxley RA. Identifying immunodominant and neutralizing epitopes from K88 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the 98th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 3-5, 2017, Abstract P056.</li> <li>Schneider LG, Lewis GL, Nagaraja TG, Moxley RA, Smith DR. 2017. Comparison of three detection methods to identify enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in samples of bovine origin. Proceedings of the 98th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 3-5, 2017, Abstract 71.</li> <li>Leite, F., Gebhart, C., Singer, R., Isaacson, R. Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination leads to decreased Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium shedding in co-infected pigs and is associated with changes in the gut microbiome. American Society for Microbiology General Meeting, New Orleans, LA, May 2017.</li> <li>Leite, F., Gebhart, C., Singer, R., Isaacson, R. Vaccination Against Lawsonia intracellularis Decreases Shedding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Co-Infected Pigs and Changes the Host Gut Microbiome. Safe Pork 2017, Brazil, 2017.</li> <li>Leite, F., Vasquez, E., Vannucci, F., Rendahl, A., Torrison, J., Mueller, A., Winkelman, N., Gebhart, C., Rambo, Z., and Isaacson, R. The effects of Availa Zn and Availa Zn LQ supplementation in pigs challenged with subclinical dose of Lawsonia intracellaris. Leman Conference, St. Paul, MN, 2017. (Top graduate student award/ribbon).</li> <li>Leite, F., Nandre, R.M., Duan, Q., Zhang, W., and Isaacson, R.E. Microbiome changes in the small intestine of newborn piglets related to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge and gilt vaccination. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, 2017.</li> <li>Leite, F., Vasquez, E., Vannucci, F., Abrahante, J.E., Rendhal, A., Torrison, J., Muellers, A., Winkelman, N., Gebhart, C., Rambo, Z., and Isaacson, R. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 and other molecules involved in cellular proliferation and inflammation are associated with Lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, 2017.</li> <li>Sahin O, Pavlovic N, O’Connor A, Logue C, and Zhang Q. A longitudinal study on Campylobacter in commercial broiler flocks in the United States: Prevalence, genetic diversity, and associated risk factors. USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Project Directors Meeting, July 8, 2017, Tampa, FL. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Sahin O, Looft T, Shen Z, Singh K, and Zhang Q. Effect of the Intestinal Microbiota on Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens. Poster Presentation at ASM Microbe conference meeting, June 1-5, 2017, New Orleans, LA.</li> <li>Brudvig J.M., Cluett M.M., Bell J.A., Mansfield L.S. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice given Campylobacter jejunidisplayed evidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome autoimmunity, with varied immune responses and disease outcomes. Conference of Research Workers on Animal Diseases, Chicago, December 2016.</li> <li>Chen J., Bell J.A., and Mansfield L.S. Determining if Pain is Associated with Development of Spontaneous Autoimmune Peripheral Polyneuropathy in a Mouse Model, Phi Zeta Research Day Symposium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, October 7, 2016.</li> <li>Cluett M.M., Brudvig J.M., and Mansfield L.S. Autoantibody-dependent mechanisms alone are not sufficient to mediate Guillain-Barré syndrome lesions in a mouse model. Phi Zeta Research Day Symposium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, October 7, 2016.</li> <li>Johnson Z. and Mansfield L.S. Determining the Role of Giardia and the Gut Microbiome in Diarrheal Disease of Dogs. Phi Zeta Research Day Symposium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, October 7, 2016.</li> <li>Claiborne D., Mansfield L.S., Ewart S.L. Examining allergic responses in C57BL/6 mice with a humanized microbiome. Phi Zeta Research Day Symposium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, October 7, 2016.</li> <li>Brooks P.T., Bell J.A., Malik A., Mansfield L.S. Broad Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment Enhanced T Cell Mediated Inflammation and Guillain Barré-Associated Antibody Responses to Campylobacter jejuni in a Mouse Model, Society of Toxicology Meeting, March 13–17,2016, in New Orleans, Louisiana</li> <li>Brudvig J.M., Cluett M.M., Bell J.A., Mansfield L.S. Immune response, disease outcome, and autoimmunity in Campylobacter jejuni-infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Phi Zeta Research Day Symposium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, October 7, 2016.</li> <li>Baker J.E., Brudvig J.M., Ethridge A., Bell J.A., and Mansfield L.S. Dendritic cell phagocytosis in C57BL/6 IL-10-/- and C57BL/6 wild type mice and implications for Guillain-Barré syndrome pathology, John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference, Illinois Wesleyan University, April, 2016.</li> <li>Brudvig J.M., Cluett M.M., Bell J.A., and Mansfield L.S. Immune response, disease outcome, and autoimmunity in Campylobacter jejuni-infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Phi Zeta Research Day Symposium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, October 7, 2016.</li> <li>Chen J., Bell J.A., and Mansfield L.S. Determining if Pain is Associated with Development of Spontaneous Autoimmune Peripheral Polyneuropathy in a Mouse Model, University Undergraduate Research and Arts Forum, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, April, 2016.</li> <li>Williams HE, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Woodworth JC, DeRouchey JM, Amachawadi RG, Nagaraja TG. Determination of probiotic and or chlortetracycline inclusion effects on nursery pig growth performance. 2016. Swine Day: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: 26.</li> <li>Williams HE, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Woodworth JC, DeRouchey JM, Amachawadi RG, Nagaraja TG. Effects of feeding probiotic or chlortetracycline or a combination on nursery pig growth performance. 2017. Midwest American Society of Animal Science Meeting, March 13-15, Omaha, NE.</li> <li>Amachawadi RG, Soto J, Shi X, Giok F, Tokach MD, Narayanan SK, Pluske J, Nagaraja TG. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolated from commercial probiotic products used in cattle and swine. 2017. ASM conference on Innovative Microbial Ecology for Mitigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Bacterial Diseases, March 22-25, Crystal City, VA.</li> <li>Kim Y, Liu H, Pedersen NC, Kankanamalage ACG, Groutas WC, Chang KO. Title: A Novel Protease Inhibitor as a Potential Therapeutic for Feline Infectious Peritonitis. XIVth International Nidovirus Symposium, Kansas City, MO, June 4-9, 2017</li> <li>Chang KO, Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting 3C-like Protease of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, 8th International conference on Emerging Zoonoses, Manhattan, KS, May 7-10, 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Citrobacter rodentium NleB Protein Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) Ubiquitination to Reduce Host Type I Interferon Production, Xian, China, April 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Bacterial glycosyltransferases that inhibit host innate immunity, 6th Annual Conference on Microbiology, Baltimore, MD, October 2017</li> <li>Zhang Q, Yoo D. Inhibition of type III interferons in the intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and innate immune evasion. 2017. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, Dec 3-5.</li> <li>Zhang Q, Yoo D. Inhibition of type III interferons in the intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and innate immune evasion. 2017. North American PRRS Symposium 2017. Chicago, IL, Dec 1-2.</li> <li>Zhang, Q, Yoo D. Interplay between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and anti-PEDV interferon responses of host. 2017. 33rd World Vet Congress. Incheon, Korea. Aug 27-31.</li> <li>Zhang Q, Fujita T, Yoo D. Inhibition of type III Interferons in the intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and innate immune evasion. 2017. XIV International Nidovirus Symposium (NIDO 2017). Kansas City, MO, June 4-8. </li> <li>Zhang Q, Ma J, Yoo D. Modulation of NF-kB activity for innate immune evasion by nonstructural protein 1 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. 2016. North American PRRS Symposium 2016. Dec. 3-4.</li> <li>Zhang Q, Ma J, Yoo D. Modulation of NF-kB activity for innate immune evasion by nonstructural protein 1 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. 2016. 97th Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Dec. 4-6.</li> <li>Zhang Q, Shi K, Yoo D. CREB-binding protein degradation and NF-kB suppression by nonstructural protein 1 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus mediate innate immune modulation. 2016. 35th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. June 18-22.</li> <li>Zhang Q, Shi K, Yoo D. Interferon suppression and innate immune modulation by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. 2016. 24th Intl Pig Vet Society Congress. Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10.</li> <li>Bhandari M, Hoang H, Sun D, Shi K, Labios L, Madson D, Magstadt D, Arruda P, Yoo D, Yoon Characterization of humoral immune responses in sera and oral fluids of weaned pigs following experimental PEDV infection/reinfection. 2016. 24th Intl Pig Vet Society Congress. Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10.</li> <li>Zhang Q, Yoo D. Dual functions of the nonstructural protein 1 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus for degradation of CREB-binding protein and suppression of NF-kB activity for innate immune modulation. 2016. College of Veterinary Medicine Research Day, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, Apr. 26.</li> <li>J, Singh, P and Ramamoorthy, S. 7th Euro Global Summit on Clinical Microbiology, Quantification of the PEDV virus with a colorimetric assay. Amsterdam, Netherlands (2017). 27. Gagandeep Singh, Pankaj Singh, Angela Pillatzki, Eric Nelson, Brettt Webb, Steven Dillberger-Lawson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. PEDV: A Model for rapid response vaccines. North Dakota Academy of Sciences (2017), Grand Forks, ND. (2nd place award).</li> <li>G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and Ramamoorthy. S. Vaccination of Pigs with improved HA and M2e Epitope Based Amphiphilic Invertible Polymeric Peptide Vaccine against Swine Influenza Viruses (SIVs). NDSU-KU Joint Symposium on Biotechnology, Nanomaterials, and Polymers. Fargo, ND (2017).</li> <li>G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and Ramamoorthy. S. Enhancing Delivery and Immune Response of Peptide Vaccine by Polymer-Peptide Mixed Micellar Assemblies. 2nd International Symposium on Materials from Renewables (ISMR). Athens, GA (2017).</li> <li>Gagandeep Singh, Pankaj Singh, Angela Pillatzki, Eric Nelson, Brett Webb, Steven Dillberger-Lawson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases Rapid response vaccine against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Chicago, IL. (2017).</li> <li>Gagandeep Singh, Oksana Zholobko, Angela Pillatzki, Brett Webb, Eric Nelson, Andriy Voronov and SheelaRamamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Improved delivery of a HA and M2e-based peptide vaccine against swine influenza viruses. Chicago, IL. (2017).</li> <li>Pankaj Singh, Gagandeep Singh, Jenna Karsky, Eric Nelson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Quantifying porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-specific neutralizing antibodies with a rapid colorimetric assay. Chicago, IL. (2017).</li> <li>Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Gagandeep Singh, Brett Webb, Angela Pillatzki, Diego Diel, Steven Dillberger-Lawson, Eric Nelson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Efficacy of a commercial PCV2 vaccine against the contemporary PCV2d strain. Chicago, IL. (2017).</li> <li>Chandler J, Schaeffer J, Davidson M, Magzamen S, Perez-Mendez A, Reynolds S, Goodridge L, Volckens J, Franklin A, Shriner S, Bisha B. A method for the improved detection of aerosolized influenza viruses using impingers that incorporate anion exchange resin. International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 9- July 12, 2015, Tampa, FL.</li> <li>Aljasir S, Chandler J, Hamidi A, Sylejmani D, Wang B, Schwam K, Bisha B. A survey of antimicrobial resistance among dairy cattle in Kosovo. International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 9- July 12, 2015, Tampa, FL.</li> </ol>  Research Presentations without Published Abstracts <ol> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Genetic exchange in bacteria, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, March 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Citrobacter rodentium NleB Protein Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) Ubiquitination to Reduce Host Type I Interferon Production, Yangzhou, China, March 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Bacterial glycosyltransferases that inhibit host innate immunity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, July 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Bacterial glycosyltransferases that inhibit host innate immunity, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, July 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Bacterial glycosyltransferases that inhibit host innate immunity, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, September 2017</li> <li>Linda S. Mansfield, Invited Speaker, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Meeting, “Developing transplanted human microbiota models to study the effects of the early microbiome on development of inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy”, International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Detroit, MI, September 25, 2017.</li> <li>Linda S. Mansfield, Invited Speaker, Twenty Fifth Anniversary of the David Hyde Allergy and Asthma Clinic, “The role of the gut microbiome in shaping susceptibility to allergies: Early life exposures” Isle of Wight, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, September 8, 2016.</li> <li>Linda S. Mansfield, Invited Speaker, “The Science of Microbiomics: Progress in human microbiome studies” American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, June 9, 2016, Denver, Colorado.</li> <li>Linda S. Mansfield, Invited Speaker, “Microbiomics in Veterinary Medicine” American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, June 9, 2016, Denver, Colorado.</li> <li>Yoo D. Interplay between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and anti-PEDV interferon responses of host. 2017. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea, Gimcheon, Korea. Aug 26-27.</li> <li>Bisha B. Small Things Considered: From bioaerosols to microfluidics. Iowa State University, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Seminar Series, March 29, 2017 (invited talk).</li> <li>Bisha B. Exploring alternative tools for diagnostics and characterization of foodborne pathogens. Colorado State University, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Seminar Series, November 9, 2017 (invited talk).</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

48. The Salmonella inhibiting strain blend Dr. Scaria’s group developed could be a new alternative to the use of antibiotics in poultry industry.

Date of Annual Report: 01/25/2019

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/01/2018 - 12/02/2018
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2017 - 09/30/2018

Participants

1. Devendra Shah, Washington State University (Chair)
2. Orhan Sahin, Iowa State University
3. Frank Blecha, Kansas State University
4. Weiping Zhang, Kansas State University
5. Philip Hardwidge, Kansas State University
6. T.G. Nagaraja, Kansas State University
7. Gireesh Rajashekara, Ohio State University
8. Qiuhong Wang, Ohio State University (Secretary)
9. Anastasia Vlasova, Ohio State University
10. Richard Isaacson, University of Minnesota
11. Rodney Moxley, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
12. Jun Lin, University of Tennessee
13. Bledar Bisha, University of Wyoming
14. Joy Scaria, South Dakoda State University
15. Radhey Kaushik, South Dakota State University
16. Glenn Zhang, Oklahoma State University
17. Zhengguo Xiao, University of Maryland
18. Michelle Colby, USDA NIFA
19. Kristen Byrne, USDA-ARS
20. Torey Looft, USDA
21. Yongming Sang, Tennessee State University
22. Peter Johnson, USDA NIFA
23. Roxann Motroni, USDA NIFA

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Day-1: December 1^st, 2018

7:30 am Registration, $50 / person

8:15 am Meeting called to order by Dr. Devendra Shah (Chair, NC1202)

Shah welcomed all NC1202 participants.
- Member self-introduction

8: 30 am Open remarks by Dr. Frank Blecha

2020-Feb Midterm review

2021-Fall, submit new NC1202 proposal

2022-Spring, Decision on approval of new proposal

9:00 am - 12 pm Progress Reports and Principal Accomplishments (Discovery, interventions, outreach)

Moderator: Devendra Shah

9:00 AM Rodney Moxley (University of Nebraska-Lincoln)

9:30 AM T.G. Nagaraja (Kansas State University)

10:00 AM Philip Hardwidge (Kansas State University)

10.30 AM Weiping Zhang (Kansas State University)

11:00 PM Gireesh Rajashekara (Ohio State University)

11:30 PM Joy Scaria (South Dakota State University)

12:00-1:30 PM Lunch Break

1:30 - 2:15 pm USDA NIFA Drs. Peter Johnson, Michelle Colby, and Roxann Motroni

Peter Johnson provided updates from NIFA (Peter shared his slides on USDA budget and funding information with NC1202 members).

Michelle Colby updated regulations in biosecurity at NIFA USDA

Roxann Motroni introduced institutional organization and research programs at NIFA USDA on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

2:15 - 5:10pm Progress Reports and Principal Accomplishments (Discovery, interventions, outreach)

Moderators: Devendra Shah and Qiuhong Wang

2:00 PM Devendra Shah (Washington State University)

2:30 PM Jun Lin (University of Tennessee)

3:00 PM Glenn Zhang (Oklahoma State University)

3:30 PM Qiuhong Wang (Ohio State University)

4:00 PM Anastasia Vlasova (Ohio State University)

5:10 pm NC1202 group discussion led by Devendra

Budget: (Devendra, Please add information here)

Student awards: NC1202 participants provided input on number of awards and award amount. Based on the input, the participants reached a consensus on the following.

2/8 oral, 1st place ($200), and 2nd place ($150)

2/7 poster, 1st place ($200), and 2nd place ($150)

Judgers for oral: Drs. Anastasia, Kristen, and Rodney

Judgers for poster: Troy, Weiping, and Devendra

Devendra introduced the judges with evaluation rubrics and showed how to use the online evaluation system for both oral and poster presentations. Each judge also received a folder including the summary of competition participants and evaluation forms. The members agreed that the NC1202 should make an effort to get additional funding to support awards in the future

Whether NC1202 uses the CRWAD Abstract submission and Preseria systems

Members unanimously voted not to use the systems because most data are at pre-publication stage.

On-site registration option from 2019 onwards: CRWAD organizers have initiated online registration and offered this option for NC1202 members. The members generally agree that online registration will help avoid physical money transactions, make the process more efficient and reduce the workload of chair and the secretary. Only current members will be able to register online. The chair will communicate with CRWAD organizers to initiate process of online registration starting from 2019.
1. Need to come up with a short description for NC1202 for public viewing online.
2. NC1202 cannot be opened to public, however, an email address can be posted on CRWAD website so that anyone interested to join NC1202 can contact NC1202 chair/secretary directly.

Whether NC1202 organizes a mini symposium in the future?
1. Members reached consensus on initiating an electronic communication to seek opinion from station representatives regarding topic and other details of mini symposium.
2. Create a new email ID for NC1202 and use this for communication between CRWAD and NC1202 as well as communication within NC1202.

NC-1202 memberships (recruitment and participation): For all new members, obtain internal approval from station representatives’ prior to inducting new members.

Collaboration and funding opportunities (e.g. new efforts to procure USDA funding for joint research)

NC1202 annual report

6:15 PM Adjourn

Accomplishments

Objective 1. Focus on emerging diseases: We will identify, characterize and develop improved detection and prevention methods related to newly recognized, novel or emerging causes of zoonotic enteric disease and enteric pathogens of food animals.   <ol> <li>Salmonella</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Washington</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We have sequenced complete genome of ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Strain, PU131, Isolated from a Human Patient in Washington State.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>South Dakota</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We established a baseline of Salmonella prevalence in porcine lymph nodes (LNs) across the USA in 21 commercial pork harvest facilities, representing northern (n=12) or southern (n=9) geographical regions. Overall, 6.4% of market hog and 37.0% of sow samples in the northern region and 13.0% of market hog and 4.8% of sow samples in the southern region were Salmonella positive. In both regions, samples from conventionally chilled carcasses returned more (P < 0.05) positive results. Overall, the higher rate of Salmonella prevalence in northern sows (P<0.05) warrants further investigation.</li> <li>A total of 23 Salmonella serotypes were detected in 50 (19%) of 261 retail fresh ground meat samples collected from grocery stores in the Brookings, South Dakota. These included 2 (2%) of 115 ground turkey samples, 6 (14%) of 42 chicken samples, and 42 (40%) of 104 ground pork samples. S. Enteriditis (5) was the most predominant in chicken meat. In ground pork, the most common serotypes included monophasic variant of Typhimurium (n=5), Uganda (5), Anatum (4), Derby (3), Infantis (3), and London (3). A total of 25 isolates (56%) were susceptible to all 14 antibiotics tested, 11 (24%) resistant to 1 antibiotic, 4 (9%) resistant to 2 antibiotics, 1 (2%) resistant to 3 antibiotics, 2 (4%) resistant to 4 antibiotics, 1 (2%) resistant to 8 antibiotics, and 1 (2%) resistant to 10 antibiotics. The most common antibiotic resistances observed included streptomycin (15), tetracycline (11), and sulfisoxazole (7).</li> <li>Radhey Kaushik’s group developed and characterized immortalized bovine ileal epithelial cell line (BIEC) by human telomerase encoded reverse transcriptase (hTERT), simian-virus 40 large T antigen (SV40) and human papilloma virus E6/E7 protein (HPV E6/E7). Our study shows that BIEC cells may serve as a good model for studying the intestinal innate immune responses.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Kansas</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We isolated novel N-acyl homoserine lactone-producing bacteria from cattle rumen that may impact STEC biology. We detected and quantified the seven major serogroups of STEC on hides of cull dairy, cull beef, and fed beef cattle at slaughter. We performed Bayesian estimation of true prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity of three diagnostic tests for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Nebraska</li> </ol> <ul> <li>The efficacy of three different agar culture media for detection of USDA-FSIS adulterant-type Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in beef was evaluated.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Campylobacter jejuni</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Lawsonii intracellularis</li> <li>Minnesota</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We performed a study to evaluate whether intestinal epithelial cell lines proliferate when infected by intracellularis at high or low passages, and to determine whether culture of various cell lines under conditions of reduced growth factors would facilitate detection of cellular proliferation in vitro induced by L. intracellularis.</li> <li>We have developed Enteroids as an infection model for  intracellularisusing enteroids, both from mouse and pig intestines. </li> <li>We evaluated the sensitivities and specificities of two commercial blocking ELISA and the Immunoperoxidase Monolayer Assay using serum samples from pigs with known intracellularis infection status, including positive and negative status, and vaccinated animals. The two serological assays showed a correlation of 0.80 using pig sera. The correlation coefficient and Kappa coefficient improved for both tests after omitting serum sets from aged and vaccinated pigs. </li> <li>We developed and evaluated two different ELISA tests using whole cells and recombinant proteins to detect antibodies (both IgG and IgA) of hyodysenteriae in sera, feces and colon scrapings of pigs.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Coronavirus</li> <li>Illinios:</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We developed and characterized line of porcine intestinal epithelial cells as a cell model for PEDV replication. Our study for the first time provides the evidence that the porcine enteric virus PEDV downregulates and evades the IRF1-mediated type III IFN responses by reducing the peroxisomes.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Ohio </li> </ol> <ul> <li>We investigated whether IPEC-J2 cells are susceptible to porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) infection. PDCoV antigen was detected in the cells showing Cytopathic effects (CPE) in these cells. By double immunofluorescent and TUNEL staining, most PDCoV antigen-positive IPEC-J2 cells failed to show TUNEL-positive signals, indicating that PDCoV-infected IPEC-J2 cells may not undergo apoptosis, but rather necrosis, similar to necrotic cell death of infected enterocytes in vivo. </li> <li>We investigated the prevalence of deltacoronavirus (δ-CoV) γ-CoV in wild migratory terrestrial and aquatic birds in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee and Wisconsin in 1,236 avian cloacal swabs during 2015-2017 using genus-specific reverse transcription-PCR assays. Unlike previous reports from Asia, our study show that in the US, γ-CoVs are more prevalent than δ-CoVs. The prevalence of δ- and γ-CoVs in aquatic birds was 1.34% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to only 0.6% and 0% in terrestrial birds. We also show that there is increased genetic heterogeneity of δ-CoVs.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Calicivirus</li> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We are investigating which amino acid residues of the capsid protein of human norovirus (HuNoVs) are critical for the binding to histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like carbohydrates in lettuce.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Rotavirus</li> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We found that a significantly higher prevalence of Rotavirus C (RVC) in litters with diarrhea born to gilts compared with those born to multiparous sows. Using RVC-VLP ELISA we demonstrated that gilts (first parity animals) with diarrheic litters had significantly lower RVC Ab titers in milk (but not in serum) compared with those of sows with healthy litters.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Cryptosporidium</li> <li>Illinois</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We have established two technological approaches (morpholino oligomer-based and CRISPR CAS-based approaches) to genetically manipulate Cryptosporidium parvum ( parvum) and robust animal model systems to study the parasite. We mined the C. parvum genome and identified genes that encode for rhoptry neck proteins.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Giardia</li> <li>Michigan</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We determined the prevalence of Giardia in three populations of dogs in Mid-Michigan by molecular diagnostic assays and 16S rDNA sequencing of the fecal microbiome. One hundred dogs were enrolled into the study. The majority of dogs presenting to the primary care clinic were Giardia negative and not experiencing diarrhea (66%). Five percent of Giardia positive dogs had diarrhea while 8% positive dogs did not show diarrhea. 21% of dogs had diarrhea that was not explained by the presence of Giardia or the presence of the enteric pathogens. One diarrhea positive, Giardia negative dogs had Helicobacter spp. 6 diarrhea negative and Giardia negative were positive for either Campylobacter or Helicobacter spp. One dog had both Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)</li> <li>Michigan </li> </ol> <ul> <li>We found that antibiotic treatment enhanced the frequency and severity of colitis and exacerbated anti-ganglioside antibody responses after infection of a mouse model with antibiotic resistant Campylobacter jejuni. These results were jejuni strain specific. We found that antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota was another critical factor in the manifestation of severe enteric disease and Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) associated phenotypes in this mouse model.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Tennessee <ul> <li>We performed genomics analysis of 20 diverse strains of Salmonella Indiana which showed both plasmid and chromosomal integon I exist S. Indiana. The unique long chromosomal class I integron (7.8-kb), which is not linked to SGI1, shares extremely high similarity to that identified in a MDR coli plasmid.</li> <li>Using controlled systems, we observed the MCR-1 (colistin resistance marker) confers cross-resistance to bacitracin, a popular in-feed antibiotic used in food animals.</li> <li>We show crystal structures of the soluble LT from jejuni with and without bulgecin A inhibitor in the active site, providing insights into future LT inhibitor development for C. jejuni.</li> </ul> </li> </ol>   <ol start="2"> <li>Wyoming <ul> <li> coli isolates (n = 39) resistant to cephems and cephems/fluoroquinolones were subjected to whole genome sequencing (PacBio/HiSeq sequencing) and phylogenetic analyses on the basis of identical antibiograms (18 different antibiotics tested) and presence in the feces of both raccoons and cattle on multiple farms. We show that there is a genetic conservation between AMR isolates from cattle and wildlife suggesting a complex AMR livestock ecology that has inputs from multiple sources.</li> <li>We have expanded the detectable proteome in antibiotic-resistant bacteria by developing an offline LC protein separation/fractionation prior to MALDI-ToF-MS analysis and applied it for the analysis of antibiotic-resistant coli isolates. Using LC-MALDI-ToF-MS in conjunction with supervised PCA, we identified protein biomarkers which exhibited the strongest correlation to β-lactam resistance among the E. coli tested, namely resistance mediated by the blaCMY-2 gene (encoding AmpC-type β-lactamase) in the incompatibility plasmid complex A/C (IncA/C).</li> <li>We conducted the first nationwide survey of AMR phenotypes in indicator bacteria from composite fecal samples collected from 52 dairy farms in located within 7 administrative districts of Kosovo. Isolation and characterization of coli (n = 165) and Enterococcus spp. (n = 153). E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated using sub-MIC of cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin were typically resistant to at least one and often multiple antibiotics, including β-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, phenicols, and tetracyclines for E. coli isolates and macrolides, tetracyclines, and rifamycins for enterococci isolates.</li> </ul> </li> </ol>   <ol start="3"> <li>Washington </li> </ol> <ul> <li>We have completed identification and characterization of 143 MDR Gram negative bacteria isolated from backyard poultry flocks in WA State. MDR and ESBL producing Gram negative bacteria are common in backyard poultry flock environment even in the absence of prior use of antibiotics. The manuscript describing this work is currently under preparation.</li> </ul>   <ol start="4"> <li>Oklahoma</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We developed stable luciferase reporter cell lines through permanent integration of a luciferase reporter gene driven by chicken or porcine-specific Host defense peptides (HDPs) gene promoters and employed these cell lines in high-throughput screening of libraries of small-molecule compounds, resulting in the identification of several classes of compounds with the ability to induce HDP gene synthesis both in vitro and in vivo without triggering inflammation. The HDP-inducing compounds are promising novel alternatives to antibiotics for infectious disease control and prevention with a minimum risk to trigger antimicrobial resistance.</li> </ul>   Objective 2. Focus on preventions and interventions: We will develop and improve preventative measures and interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of infections of food animals with enteric and foodborne and waterborne pathogens.   <ol> <li>Salmonella </li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Minnesota</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We demonstrated for the first time that vaccination against intracellularis, an endemic pathogen in swine, is able to reduce the level and prevalence of S. Typhimurium shedding. The effect of vaccination was dependent upon challenge with L. intracellularis, which suggests that apart from changes in the microbiome an immune response may also be involved in these observations.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We identified 4 novel small molecule inhibitors of Salmonella serotypes and with restricted effects on other prokaryotes at 200 μM. The antimicrobial efficacy of these compounds was not altered in biofilm-protected Salmonella and the compounds enhanced the in vitro efficacy of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, meromycin, and cefeprim). The compounds also reduced Salmonella burden in broiler chicken’s ceca when treated for 5 days. Further, 2 compounds that reduced Salmonella load in chickens also had minimal impact on the cecal microbiota.</li> <li>We compared the genomic composition of Heidelberg isolated from environmental samples of different breeder farms in the Midwest, US and show that there are differences in specific metabolic pathways between poultry production system related to horizontal gene transfer (type IV secretion system, conjugative transfer, and phage proteins).</li> <li>We analyzed the efficacy and antimicrobial characterization of different known probiotic bacteria against Salmonella infections in vitro. The Salmonella inhibiting ability of the probiotics were tested in various coculture in vitro assays to determine the efficacy of their inhibition. Two probiotics were identified as significant inhibitors and early characterization studies helped us to derive potential peptides that also significantly reduced the salmonella infection.</li> </ul>   <ol start="3"> <li>Washington </li> </ol> <ul> <li>We show that deletion of ksgA in Salmonella causes disruption of the structural integrity, permeability barrier and distorts electrophysical properties of the cell-envelope, suggesting that KsgA also contributes to the cell-envelope fitness in E. coli. Expression of KsgA-antagnost (ksgAE66A) exacerbated the cell-envelope fitness defects, resulting in impaired S. Enteritidis interactions with human intestinal epithelial cells, and human and avian phagocytes. This study shows that KsgA contributes to cell-envelope fitness and opens new avenues to modulate cell-envelopes via use of KsgA-antagonists.</li> </ul>   <ul> <li>We completed molecular characterization of Salmonella pathogenicity island 13 (SPI-13) mutants of Salmonella. SPI-13 is required for efficient utilization of two micronutrients, namely, d-glucuronic acid (DGA) and tyramine (TYR), as sole sources of carbon and/or nitrogen. By systematic deletion of the individual gene(s), we have identified specific genes within SPI-13 that are required for efficient utilization of DGA and TYR as sole nutrient sources. We completed comparative genomics analysis of the SPI-13 locus from 247 Salmonella strains belonging to 57 different serovars to show that SPI-13 genes specifically involved in the metabolism of DGA and TYR are highly conserved in Salmonella enterica.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>STEC and ETEC</li> <li>Kansas</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We refined the efficacy of an ETEC vaccine candidate named Skp by expressing this protein in immunogenic, non-toxic, bacterial outer membrane vesicles. We characterized the binding determinants in the interplay between porcine aminopeptidase N and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 fimbriae. We sequenced the genomes of two ETEC strains that were previously used as inactivated vaccines.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Nebraska</li> </ol> <ul> <li>A fimbria-toxoid multiepitope fusion antigen vaccine for post-weaning enteric colibacillosis in swine was developed and tested for immunogenicity in mice by Dr. Weiping Zhang and graduate student Ti Lu. Mice immunized with the vaccine developed serum neutralizing antibodies against fimbrial antigen F4, fimbrial antigen F18, heat-labile enterotoxin, and heat-stable enterotoxin-b and these antibodies had neutralizing activity against enterotoxigenic coli adherence and enterotoxigenicity.</li> </ul>   <ol start="3"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We identified three novel SM growth inhibitors (GI-6, GI-7 and GI-10) with potent anti-APEC efficacy in chickens. These GI’s considerably reduced the APEC induced mortality of chickens, APEC load and APEC lesions severity in chickens. These GI’s affected the APEC cell membrane and were effective against multiple APEC serotypes including those are antibiotics resistant and on APEC biofilm. We also identified two probiotics and their derived small peptides (P-1, P-2, and P-3) with antimicrobial activity against APEC.</li> <li>We identified 10 quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) that inhibited the AI-2 activity of APEC O78. Seven were tested in one-week old broiler chickens for their efficacy against APEC O78. We found that treatment of the infected chickens with QSI-5 and QSI-10 resulted in 100% and 75% reduced mortality respectively; while QSI-2 and QSI-8 reduced mortality up to 50% in comparison to Additionally, QSI-5 and QSI-10 reduced the pathological lesion (>85%) in different organs compared to control. Further, QSI-5 and QSI-10 reduced the bacterial load up to 5.2-6.1 logs and 3.4-4.3 logs, respectively in all internal organs compared to control.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Campylobacter jejuni</li> <li>Michigan</li> </ol> <ul> <li>By experimentally evolving five independent host-adapted jejuni populations in rich broth medium, we observed the loss of flagellar motility—an essential function for efficient host colonization. Genome re-sequencing revealed numerous disruptive mutations in genes in the C. jejuni flagellar transcriptional cascade, including genes known to affect expression of the σ54 (RpoN) regulon and chromosomal deletion of rpoN in all evolved lines.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Iowa</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Calves derived from commercial farms were inoculated with FQ-susceptible (FQ-S) strains of jejuni, half of which were administered intratracheally with a M. haemolytica to induce disease, and followed by treatment with a single dose of enrofloxacin. After the inoculation, natural carriage of FQ-R Campylobacter decreased, which was accompanied by increase of FQ-S Campylobacter. However, after enrofloxacin treatment was given, the calves were recolonized by FQ-R Campylobacter. Prior to inoculation, the calves were predominantly colonized by FQ-R cluster ST982. After inoculation, the predominant genotypes changed to FQ-S clusters C ST929 and D ST61. Following the treatment with enrofloxacin, the primary genotypes shifted to FQ-R clusters A ST982 and B ST922. Induction of respiratory disease with M. haemolytica did not appear to affect Campylobacter prevalence or resistance levels.</li> </ul>   <ol start="3"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We identified coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) with antimicrobial activity against Campylobacter in vitro. However, EcN, when delivered orally to chickens, survives modestly under low gastric pH and do not persist long in the gut. Therefore, we formulated EcN microcapsules using FDA approved alginate and chitosan nanoparticles. The EcN microcapsules displayed; better survivability under simulated harsh gastrointestinal conditions, sustained EcN release, and enhanced antimicrobial activity against Campylobacter.   </li> <li>The chickens were vaccinated with six Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccines (RASV-Cj strains-pG8R-86, pG8R-88, pG8R-89, pG8R-90, pG8R-102, and pG8R-128) and later challenged with a cocktail of 5 jejuni strains from a chicken source. Early results from this 32 days pilot study show that some vaccines may be successful in lowering colonization.</li> </ul>   <ol start="4"> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We continued to develop and assess enterobactin (Ent) antibody-based immune intervention strategies. The Ent conjugate vaccine triggered high titer of Ent-specific antibodies in both rabbits and layers. The anti-Ent specific antibodies also display strong binding to other Ent derivatives including salmochelins. The anti-Ent antibodies also inhibited Ent-dependent growth of Campylobacter.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Brachyspira and Lawsonia species</li> <li>Minnesota</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We conducted a intracellularis challenge trial in pigs, which showed that a zinc amino acid complex supplementation with a final concentration of 125 ppm of zinc in feed signifcantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of pigs with lesions, severity of lesions caused by L. intracellularis and exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) earlier onset of seroconversion as well as an increased number of T cells in infected and non-infected intestinal tissue.</li> <li>We tested impact of vaccination on transmission of Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs. Both vaccination protocols gave adequate vaccination efficacy, reducing shedding after contact with infectious animals. But neither vaccination protocol significantly decreased transmission rate.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Nidovirus (Coronaviruses and PRRSV)</li> <li>Kansas</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We reported the generation of potential vaccine candidates for a pig coronavirus, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) genogroup 2 US strain.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Illinios:</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We have developed an assay system to monitor the production of type III interferon by PEDV in cells.</li> <li>We have discovered that PEDV inhibits the IRF1-mediated type III IFN production by decreasing the peroxisomes in number in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells. This study for the first time shows the PEDV evasion of type III IFN response in the intestinal epithelial cells.</li> </ul>   <ol start="3"> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We demonstrated that pregnant second trimester gilts had significantly higher levels of circulating PEDV IgA and IgG Abs and ASCs and PEDV virus neutralizing (VN) Abs post PEDV infection. Coinciding with the significantly higher PEDV Ab responses in second trimester gilts, the survival rate of their PEDV-challenged piglets was 100%, compared with2%, 55.9% and 5.7% for first, third and mock litters, respectively. Additionally, piglet survival positively correlated with PEDV IgA Abs and ASCs and VN Abs in milk and PEDV IgA and IgG Abs in piglet serum.</li> <li>We studied one mechanism by which vomiting is induced in pigs infected with PEDV by characterization of swine enterochromaffin (EC) cells by immunohistochemistry. At post-inoculation hour (PIH) 16 or 24, when vomiting was first or frequently observed, respectively, PEDV infection resulted in significantly reduced numbers of serotonin-positive EC cells in duodenum, mid-jejunum, ileum, or colon.</li> <li>We are identifying viral genes related to PEDV virulence in pigs and designing efficacious live attenuated PEDV vaccine candidates using reverse genetics technology.</li> </ul>   <ol start="4"> <li>North Dakota:</li> </ol> <ul> <li>A standard USDA -NIFA grant was obtained to test the rapid-response PEDV vaccine in a pregnant sow model. The grant objectives also include developing improved methods to enhance oral delivery of veterinary vaccines with the target goal of raising the threshold of IgA mediated lactogenic immunity against PEDV in sows.</li> <li>A convenient colorimetric assay using a digital output from an ELISA reader was developed for PEDV diagnosis. The newly developed assay will help to reduce labor and testing time in diagnostic laboratories.</li> </ul>   <ol start="5"> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We determined that the mTOR signalling pathway involves PRRSV infection and regulates expression and signaling of type I IFNs against viral infection. These findings suggest that the mTOR signalling pathway has a bi-directional loop with the type I IFN system and imply that some components in the mTOR signalling pathway can be utilized as targets for studying antiviral immunity and for designing therapeutic reagents.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Calicivirus </li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Rotavirus</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Ohio</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We evaluated the effects of childhood protein malnutrition on HRV vaccine efficacy in human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) transplanted Gn pig model. Protein-deficient pigs vaccinated with oral AttHRV vaccine had lower protection rates against diarrhea post - VirHRV challenge and significantly increased fecal virus shedding titers (HIFM transplanted but not GF pigs) compared with their protein-sufficient counterparts. Reduced vaccine efficacy in protein-deficient pigs coincided with altered serum tryptophan catabolism, cytokine responses to AttHRV vaccine and suppression of multiple immune parameters.</li> </ul>   <ul> <li>We studied gut microbiota abundance in vaccinated HIFM transplanted Gn pigs, before and after virulent HRV challenge using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4-V5 region). Protein deficient AttHRV vaccinated piglets had altered intestinal microbiota composition, decreased microbiota diversity in intestinal tissues, and increased microbiota diversity in systemic tissues. Deficient-HIFM pigs tissues were characterized by lower F:B ratios. In the AttHRV vaccinated pigs, protein deficiency resulted in a decreased proportion of Firmicutes (Turicibacter spp. that stimulates immune function), concomitant with increased Proteobacteria (Proteus spp.) compared with piglets on sufficient diet.</li> </ul>     <ol> <li>Norovirus</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Adenovirus Serotype 36 in Obesity induction </li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We investigated the potential synergistic effect of a high-fat (HF) diet and infection by an adipogenic virus (e.g. human adenovirus serotype 36, Had-36), the two causal factors in obesity induction using rat model. Significant obesity was induced by HF only and particularly co-administration of Had-36 and HF (HF+Had-36) in rats. This model, as incipience with two-factorial effect, will foster a more integrative discipline in obesity studies.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Cryptosporidium</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Illinois</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We have identified novel rhoptry neck proteins in Cryptosporidium parvum.</li> <li>We are using CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the parvum genome to generate gene-tagging and gene-knockout transgenic strains. Super-resolution microscopy and functional assays will be performed on these transgenic parasites.</li> <li>We have successfully utilized the morpholino-based approach to elucidate the essential role of a unique gene (CpLDH) in the survival and growth of parvum in vivo, and thus validated it as a novel drug target for the development of new drugs against the parasite.</li> </ul>   <ol> <li>Microbiome-host and microbiomes-enteric pathogens interactions</li> <li>Michigan</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We showed that particular microbiota can have profound effects on the host response to the foodborne pathogen jejuni. Transplanted human microbiota (Humicrobiota) dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesenhanced Type 2 autoantibody responses following C. jejuni 260.94 infection in C57BL/6 mice. This autoimmune response was directed against the peripheral nerves leading to nerve damage.</li> <li>When two different strains of inbred mice were transplanted with Humicrobiota dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesthey became highly susceptible to jejuni infection and harbored significantly higher colony forming units than the same inbred mice with mouse microbiota.</li> <li>Recent results suggest that gut microbiome also modulates adaptive immune responses in the lungs. We showed that this Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesdominated human microbiota increased type 2 allergic responses in a mouse asthma model. Mice with Humicrobiota sensitized to house dust mite had significantly elevated bronchoalveolar lavage counts and severity of airway hyperresponsiveness.</li> </ul>   <ol start="2"> <li>Kansas</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We reviewed the T3SS effectors produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic coli (EPEC), Citrobacter rodentium, and Salmonella enterica that inhibit innate immune pathways.</li> <li>We discovered that Salmonella Secreted Effector L (SseL), which was previously shown to function as a deubiquitinase and inhibit NF-κB signaling, also inhibits ribosomal protein S3</li> <li>(RPS3) nuclear translocation by deubiquitinating this important host transcriptional co-factor.</li> <li>We solved the crystal structures and described the mechanisms of action of the bacterial effector proteins SseK and NleB.</li> <li>We provided further evidence for the general concept of T3SS-independent protein translocation by identifying novel cell-penetrating features of bacterial effectors.</li> <li>We reviewed the impact of intestinal metabolites derived from gut microbiota on host-pathogen interactions.</li> <li>We determined the influence of both the intestinal microbiota and the expression of the rodentium NleH effector on C. rodentium colonization in different mouse models.</li> </ul>   <ol start="3"> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> <ul> <li>We have identified three potent bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inhibitors with potential to replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as non-antibiotic feed additives. We have started large scale pen trial to determine optimal dosage of each inhibitor. In addition, the inhibitor was encapsulated and will be evaluated in the future.</li> </ul>   Objective 3. Focus on disseminating knowledge: We will provide training or continuing education to disseminate new information to students, producers, veterinarians, diagnostic labs and others to implement interventions and preventative measures.   <ol> <li> Michigan</li> <li>Mansfield LS gave a talk entitled” Evidence that host-microbiota-pathogen interactions govern enteric health and disease Can we shape our gut microbiome for health?” at the IQ institute in MSU. The goal is to establish productive collaborations between faculty in the CVM and microbiology, bioengineering, data science, computational modeling and high-performance computing, January 24, 2018.</li> <li>Mansfield LS gave a talk entitled ”Can we shape our gut microbiome for health? Evidence that host-microbiota-pathogen interactions govern enteric health and disease”, Pharmaceutical industry meeting at CVM, MSU, February 22, 2018.</li> <li>Mansfield LS, Invited Speaker, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Meeting, “Developing transplanted human microbiota models to study the effects of the early microbiome on development of inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy”, International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Detroit, MI, September 25, 2017.</li> <li>Several graduate students were mentored for study of enteric diseases of food animals. Jean M. Brudvig, DVM (PhD candidate) successfully defended her PhD thesis in January 2018 and now works as Immunologist/Diagnostician for the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MSU. Three other students are pursuing PhD degrees in food safety related to these enteric pathogens including Daniel Claiborne, Hinako Terauchi, Azam Ali Sher, and Ivon Moya Uribe. One of the graduate students is an underrepresented minority (African American). Two undergraduate students are working in the lab on these projects including Joe Faryean and Keenan Odea.</li> <li>Dr. Linda Mansfield continued to act as the PI and the Administrative Core Leader of the MSU ERIN CRC in 2013-2014. This is a multidisciplinary, highly integrated research center to study the enteric microbiome in health and disease with the long-term goal of understanding and alleviating one of the most prevalent and important global health problems, diarrheal illness.</li> <li>Dr. Mansfield along with Dr. Paul Bartlett organized the Fall seminar series in Large Animal Clinical Sciences at the CVM at MSU where preharvest food safety was prominently featured. Attendees included Agricultural, Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Food Science, and Human Nutrition departments. Also, Dr. Mansfield attended and presented at a scientific conference held by the NIH in Ann Arbor, MI on enteric diseases. Dr. Mansfield also helped to organize and attended the NC1202 annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois on November 30tht and December 1st, 2013.</li> <li>Talk to NIH Summer Research Student Program, “Effectively communicating your science: How to get the maximum effect”, May 16, 2017.</li> <li>Mentoring Talk to Junior Faculty in the College of Veterinary Medicine, “Graduate education: training MS and PhD students”, November 16, 2017.</li> <li>Talk to Large Animal Clinical Sciences interns and residents, “Role of gut microbiome in shaping susceptibility to allergies: Early life exposures”, August 25, 2017.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li> Illinois</li> <li>Dr. Yoo traveled to Chongqing in China to give an invited presentation at the 25th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress on the prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea on June 10-15, 2018. The total number of participants in this Congress reached more than 5,000 from different countries.</li> <li>A graduate student (Qingzhan Zhang) worked on the PEDV project and successfully completed the PhD program on November 16, 2017. He was trained as a virologist for food animals. During the program, he was able to publish five research articles as the first author. Q. Zhang is currently receiving further training at the Harvard University in Boston.</li> <li>Dr. Vinayak gave an invited presentation entitled “Identification and functional characterization of a novel rhoptry neck protein in Cryptosporidium parvum” at the Biology of Intracellular Pathogen (BiP) retreat, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis June 28, 2018.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li> Minnesota</li> <li>Faculty and graduate students from the Minnesota Station disseminated research findings to various producers, veterinarians, scientists, and diagnostic laboratories through publications and presentations at various meetings. These meetings include the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, the Leman Conference, the AAVLD, the CRWAD, the International Symposium Digestive Physiology of Pigs, the International Pig Veterinary Society, and the Gordon Research Conference on Biology of Spirochetes.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li> Wyoming</li> <li>Dr. Bledar Bisha provided an overview of packing plant food safety interventions and provided educational materials to over 40 sheep producers during the Wyoming Wool Growers Association meeting on August 7, 2018.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li> Iowa</li> <li>We have trained 8 veterinary medicine students under the ISU Veterinary Medical Summer Scholars Research Program in AMR and food safety. These students are mentored by the PI and co-PIs on antimicrobial resistance, applied microbiology, pharmacology and metagenomics for 13-week. The students have presented their findings at the Research Day of ISU College of Veterinary Medicine as well as at a national meeting.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li> Nebraska</li> <li>Knowledge was disseminated through oral and poster presentations at local, regional, and national scientific meetings, and through a podcast on the university website.</li> <li>Information shared in presentations to professional veterinary, graduate, and undergraduate students, scientists and to the general public allowed them to gain knowledge important for development in careers and educational information pertaining to food safety and in some cases, continuing education credit.</li> <li>Students completed degrees through work conducted under NC-1202 and the USDA-NIFA STEC CAP have gone on to other positions:</li> <li>Zachary Stromberg completed his Ph.D. in Integrative Biomedical Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in December 2015 under the direction of Dr. Rodney A. Moxley. Zachary then completed a post-doctoral fellowship in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition under the direction of Dr. Melha Mellata from 2/1/2016 –10/26/2018. Zachary is currently (11/5/2018-11/4/2020) a post-doctoral research associate at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.</li> <li>Quentin Jorgensen completed his B.S. in Biochemistry with honors at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in May 2016. He conducted his Honors Thesis research under the direction of Dr. Rodney Moxley. Since August 2016, Quentin has been a Juris Doctor (J.D.) candidate at the Duke University Law School, Durham, NC, and plans to graduate in 2020.</li> <li>Liesel Schneider completed her Ph.D. in the Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University in December 2017 under the direction of Dr. David R. Smith. Liesel began a tenure-track position as Assistant Professor in the Department of Animal Science at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville on January 1, 2018.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li> North Dakota</li> <li>One PhD student was trained in vaccine development methods. He has presented his work at CRWAD and regional conferences. Data generated by the student was used as preliminary data for the funded 2018 NIFA grant.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li> Tennessee</li> <li>Jun Lin lab personnel have given presentations and updates at various national and international scientific meetings this year. We have effectively disseminated new information and procedures to scientists, producers, industries, and veterinarians.</li> <li>Jun Lin attended a workshop on priority-setting for antibiotic stewardship in animal agriculture, hosted by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research (FFAR).</li> <li>Yongming Sang attended the BIT’s 9th World DNA Day at Dalian, China, and Gordon Research Conference in Immunochemistry and Immunology at Mount Snow, VT, to present our novel discovery in molecular and functional characterization of unconventional interferons, a family of key antiviral cytokines for development of antiviral therapies.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>South Dakota</li> <li>Jane Hennings participated in the South Dakota Poultry Association meeting and explained the use of whole genome sequencing to type and track Salmonella in Poultry.</li> <li>Joy Scaria, presented the Salmonella whole genome sequencing and tracking results in the South Dakota Beef producers meeting. We submitted aggregated results from the Salmonella genome sequencing to FDA for including in the NARMS annual report.</li> </ol>   Objective 4. Group interaction: The group will interact in a variety of ways to facilitate progress including direct collaborations with joint publications, sharing of resources (pathogen strains, gene sequences, statistical analysis, bioinformatics information/expertise), and friendly feedback and facilitation for all research efforts at annual meetings.   <ol> <li>Michigan</li> </ol> <ol> <li>AMR Meeting, Working group with the goal of developing an outline for the establishment and operation of an Antimicrobial Research & Education Institute, Representatives from ISU, KSU, MSU, NDSU, OSU, Purdue University, SDSU, University of Illinois, University of Minnesota, University of Missouri, University of Nebraska, and University of Wisconsin participated. American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges, Washington D.C., September 19-20, 2017.</li> <li>Mansfield LS. Organized a meeting of scientists to discuss the focus of a new GI2 hire in antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 3, 2018.</li> <li>Mansfield LS, Award of the Albert C. and Lois E. Dehn Endowed Chair, with endowment, Michigan State University, presented on 09/22/2017 by Lou Anna K. Simon, University President.</li> <li>Mansfield LS. Microbiome Partnership Development Award, UK Science & Innovation Network, Science & Innovation, British Consulate-General Los Angeles, 2029 Century Park East, Suite 1350, Los Angeles, CA, USA, (Multiple PI –Mansfield and Arshad), £2,000, 2017.</li> <li>Mansfield LS. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Branch, (Multiple PI –Mansfield and Ewart), R21 “Defining the role of the early infant microbiome in mediating allergic outcomes associated with asthma in a mouse model”, $275,000, 7/1/2016-6/30/2018, 1st score 31, 2nd score 25, funded 9/1/2016.</li> <li>NC1202: Multistate Research Project, “Enteric Diseases of Food Animals: Enhanced Prevention, Control and Food Safety” Frank Blecha, PI 10/1/2017 – 9/30/2022</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Nebraska</li> </ol> <ol> <li>Two extramural awards to NC-1202 members working together as teams and serving as PDs, Co-PDs, or collaborators on these projects are in progress: <ol start="592"> <li>Moxley RA, Thippareddi H, Phebus RK, Gallagher DL, Luchansky JB, Renter DG, Kastner CL, Sanderson MW, Thomson DU. Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in the Beef Chain: Assessing and Mitigating the Risk by Translational Science, Education and Outreach.  $24,808,592. USDA-NIFA-AFRI, Food Safety Challenge Area, NIFA Award No. 2012-68003-30155. 1/1/2012-12/31/2019. This USDA Coordinated Agricultural Project involves 53 collaborators (scientists and educators) at 18 institutions.  NC-1202 participants that are collaborators also includes Drs. T.G. Nagaraja and N. Cernicchiaro at Kansas State University.</li> <li>Zhang W, Moxley RA, Cernicchiaro N. A Broadly Protective Vaccine against Post-Weaning Diarrhea (PWD). $460,000. USDA-NIFA-AFRI, Animal Health and Disease, Area A1221. Award No. 2017-67015-26632.  5/15/2017-5/14/2022.  Zhang and Cernicchiaro at Kansas State University and Dr. Moxley at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln are all NC-1202 participants.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   <ol> <li> Dakota</li> </ol> <ol> <li>Yongming Sang’s expertise in transcriptomics was utilized to establish a collaboration and secure NIH R21 funding for another project to understand the role of Torque Teno viruses in modulating host immunity.</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Tennessee</li> </ol> <ol> <li>Jun Lin has active collaboration with Oklahoma State University (Dr. Glenn Zhang) for the ongoing NIFA Food Safety Challenge Grant (NIFA 2018-68003-27462). Novel non-antibiotic approaches for mitigation of antimicrobial resistance in poultry.</li> <li>Yongming Sang has activation collaboration with Kansas State University (Drs. Wenjun Ma and Frank Blecha) for the ongoing NIFA Animal Health and Disease Grant (NIFA 2018-67016-28313). Antiviral Potency And Functional Novelty Of Porcine Interferon-Omega Subtype</li> </ol>

Publications

<ol> <li>Refereed Journal Articles</li> <li>Noll L, Shridhar P, Ives S, Cha E, Nagaraja TG, Renter DG. Detection and quantification of seven major serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on hides of cull dairy, cull beef, and fed beef cattle at slaughter. J Food Prot. 2018;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29969294"> 81(8):1236-1244</a>. (PMID: 29969294)</li> <li>Smith AB, Renter DG, Shi X, Cernicchiaro N, Sahin O, Nagaraja TG. Campylobacter prevalence and quinolone susceptibility in feces of preharvest feedlot cattle exposed to enrofloxacin for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2018; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29638171">15(6): 377-385</a>. (PMID: 29638171)</li> <li>Bai J, Trinetta V, Shi X, Noll LW, Magossi G, Zheng W, Porter EP, Cernicchiaro N, Renter DG, Nagaraja TG. A multiplex real-time PCR assay, based on invA and pagC genes, for the detection and quantification of Salmonella enterica from cattle lymph nodes. J Microbiol Methods. 2018; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29621581">148:110-116</a>. (PMID: 29621581)</li> <li>Ekong PS, Sanderson MW, Noll LW, Cernicchiaro N, Renter DG, Bello NM, Bai J, Nagaraja TG. Bayesian estimation of true prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tests for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces. Prev Vet Med. 2017; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ekong+PS%2C+Sanderson+MW%2C+Noll+LW%2C+Cernicchiaro+N%2C+Renter+DG%2C+Bello+NM%2C+Bai+J%2C+Nagaraja+TG.+Bayesian+estimation+of+true+prevalence%2C+sensitivity+and+specificity+of+three+diagnostic+tests+for+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+cattle+feces.">148:21-27</a>. (PMID: 29157370)</li> <li>Smith AB, Renter DG, Cernicchiaro N. Shi X, Nickell JS, Keil DJ, Nagaraja TG. A randomized trial to assess the effect of fluoroquinolone metaphylaxis on the fecal prevalence and quinolone susceptibilities of Salmonella and Campylobacter in feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2017; <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768141">14(10): 600-607</a>. (PMID: 28768141)</li> <li>Kim Y, Oh C, Shivanna V, Hesse RA, Chang KO. Trypsin-Independent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus US Strain with Altered Virus Entry Mechanism, BMC Vet Res. 2017 Nov 25;13(1):356. PubMed PMID: 29178878.</li> <li>Damalanka VC, Kim Y, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Rathnayake AD, Mehzabeen N, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Nguyen HN, Lushington GH, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Structure-guided Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Oxazolidinone-based Inhibitors of Norovirus 3CL Protease. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2018 Jan 1;143:881-890. PubMed PMID: 29227928.</li> <li>Kim Y, Chang KO. Fexaramine as an entry blocker for feline caliciviruses. Antiviral Research, Antiviral Res. 2018 Feb 15;152:76-83. PubMed PMID: 29454892</li> <li>Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Kim Y, Damalanka VC, Rathnayake AD, Fehr AR, Mehzabeen N, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Lushington GH, Perlman S, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Structure-Guided Design of Potent and Permeable Inhibitors of MERS Coronavirus 3CL Protease that Utilize a Piperidine Moiety as a Novel Design Element. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2018 Apr 25;150:334-346. PubMed PMID: 29544147.</li> <li>Perera KD, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Rathnayake AD, Honeyfield A, Groutas W, Chang KO, Kim Y. Protease inhibitors broadly effective against feline, ferret and mink coronaviruses. Antiviral Res. 2018 Oct 19;160:79-86. PubMed PMID: 30342822.</li> <li>Li Z, Song N, Li W, Hardwidge PR, Bu Z, Liu S. Complete Genome Sequences of Two Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coliStrains, Genome Announcements, 2018. 6:e00059-18. PMID:29472333</li> <li>Xia P, Quan G, Yang Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhou M, Hardwidge PR, Zhu J, Liu S, Zhu, G. Binding determinants in the interplay between porcine aminopeptidase N and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 fimbriae, Veterinary Research, 2018, Feb 26;49(1):23. PMID:29482635</li> <li>Wang G, Feuerbacher LA, Hardwidge PR. Influence of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation and NleH Expression on Citrobacter rodentium Colonization of Mice, Pathogens, 2018, Mar 30;7(2). pii: E35. PMID:29601470</li> <li>Hays MP, Houben D, Yang Y, Luirink J, Hardwidge PR. Immunization with Skp Delivered on Outer Membrane Vesicles Protects Mice against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, May 1;8:132. PMID:29765911</li> <li>Yang Y, Zhou M, Hardwidge PR, Cui H, Zhu G. Isolation and characterization of N-acyl homoserine lactone-producing bacteria from cattle rumen and swine intestines, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, May 9;8:155. PMID:29868511</li> <li>Li Z, Quan G, Jiang X, Yang Y, Ding X, Zhang D, Wang X, Hardwidge PR, Ren W, Zhu G. Effects of metabolites derived from gut microbiota and hosts on pathogens, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, Sep 14;8:314. PMID:30276161</li> <li>Park JB, Kim YH, Yoo Y, Kim J, Jun SH, Cho JW, El Qaidi S, Walpole S, Monaco S, García-García AA, Wu M, Hays MP, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Angulo J, Hardwidge PR, Shin JS, Cho HS. Structural basis for arginine glycosylation of host substrates by bacterial effector proteins, Nature Communications, 2018, Oct 16;9(1):4283. PMID: 30327479</li> <li>El Qaidi S, Wu M, Zhu C, Hardwidge PR. Salmonella, E. coli, and Citrobacter type III secretion system effector proteins that alter host innate immunity, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2018 Nov 10. PMID:30411307</li> <li>Wu M, El Qaidi S, Hardwidge PR. SseL deubiquitinates RPS3 to inhibit its nuclear translocation, Pathogens, 2018 Nov 7;7(4). PMID:30405005</li> <li>Brooks PT, Brakel KA, Bell JA, Bejcek CE, Gilpin T, Brudvig JM, Mansfield LS. 2017. Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barre syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice. Microbiome 5:92.</li> <li>Brooks PT, Mansfield LS. 2017. Effects of antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbiota shifts on Campylobacter jejuni-mediated diseases. Anim Health Res Rev 18:99-111.</li> <li>Arshad SH, Holloway JW, Karmaus W, Zhang H, Ewart S, Mansfield L, Matthews S, Hodgekiss C, Roberts G, Kurukulaaratchy R. 2018. Cohort Profile: The Isle Of Wight Whole Population Birth Cohort (IOWBC). Int J Epidemiol 47:1043-1044i.</li> <li>Brooks PT, Bell JA, Bejcek CE, Malik A, and Mansfield LS. 2018. Antibiotic depletion drives severe Campylobacter jejuni-mediated Type 1/17 colitis by three previously non-inflammatory Guillain-Barré Syndrome patient strains, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in review.</li> <li>Jiayou Liu, Jodi R. Parrish, Julie Hines, Linda Mansfield, and Russell L. Finley Jr. 2018. A proteome-wide screen of Campylobacter jejuni using protein microarrays identifies novel and conformational antigens. PLOS ONE, in review.</li> <li>Zhang, Q., Ke, H., Blikslagar, A., Fujita, T., & Yoo, D. Type III interferon restriction by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the role of viral protein nsp1 in IRF1 signaling. Virol.2018 Jan 30;92(4). pii: e01677-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01677-17. Print 2018 Feb 15.</li> <li>Hicks, J.A., Yoo, D., & Liu, H.C. (2018) Interaction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus major envelope proteins GP5 and M with the cellular protein snapin. Virus Res. 249: 85-92.</li> <li>Ke, H., Han, M., Zhang, Q., Rowland, R.R., Kerrigan, M., & Yoo, D. (2018). Type I interferon suppression-negative and host mRNA nuclear retention-negative mutation in nsp1β confers attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs. Virology 517: 177-187.</li> <li>Witola W.H., Zhang X, Kim CY. (2017). Targeted Gene Knockdown Validates the Essential role of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Parasitol. 47, 867-874.</li> <li>Zhang X., Kim C.Y., Worthen T., Witola W.H. (2018). Morpholino-mediated in vivo silencing of Cryptosporidium parvum Lactate Dehydrogenase decreases oocyst shedding and infectivity. J. Parasitol. 48: 649-656. PMID: 29530646.</li> <li>Leite FLL, Singer RS, Ward T, Gebhart CJ, Isaacson RE. Vaccination against Lawsonia intracellularis decreases shedding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in co-infected pigs and alters the gut microbiome. Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 12;8(1):2857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21255-7. PubMed PMID: 29434295; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5809363.</li> <li>Leite FL, Vasquez E, Vannucci FA, Gebhart CJ, Rendahl A, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman NL, Rambo ZJ, Isaacson RE. The effects of zinc amino acid complex supplementation on the porcine host response to Lawsonia intracellularis Vet Res. 2018 Sep 10;49(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s13567-018-0581-3. PubMed PMID: 30201036; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6131730.</li> <li>Pereira CER, Wattanaphansak S, Resende TP, Zarate JAB, Vilaça de Oliveira JS, Klein U, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Isolation and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine Lawsonia intracellularis from Latin America and Asia. (Accepted with minor changes in BMC Microbiology.)</li> <li>Resende TP, Marthaler D, Vannucci FA. Development of a diagnostic platform for in situ detection and subtyping of rotaviruses in pig samples. J Vet Diagn Invest. (in press)</li> <li>Schaeffer JW, Chandler JC, Davidson M, Magzamen SL, Pérez-Méndez A, Reynolds SJ, Goodridge LD, Volckens J, Franklin AB, Shriner SA, Bisha B. Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin. J Vis Exp. 2018 Aug 22;(138). doi: 10.3791/58111.</li> <li>Chandler JC, Aljasir SF, Hamidi A, Sylejmani D, Gerow KG, Bisha B. Short communication: A countrywide survey of antimicrobial-resistant indicator bacteria in Kosovo's dairy farms. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Aug;101(8):6982-6989. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14091. Epub 2018 May 30.</li> <li>Elder JR, Paul NC, Burin R, Guard J, Shah DH. Genomic organization and role of SPI-13 in nutritional fitness of Salmonella. Int J Med Microbiol. 2018 Dec;308(8):1043-1052. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Oct 15. PubMed PMID: 30466554.</li> <li>Chiok KL, Paul NC, Adekanmbi EO, Srivastava SK, Shah DH. Dimethyl adenosine transferase (KsgA) contributes to cell-envelope fitness in Salmonella Microbiol Res. 2018 Nov;216:108-119. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.009. Epub 2018 Aug 23. PubMed PMID: 30269850.</li> <li>Shah DH, Jones LP, Paul N, Davis MA. Draft Genome Sequences of 12 Clinical and Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Isolated from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Washington State. Genome Announc. 2018 Apr 12;6(15). pii: e00290-18. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00290-18. PubMed PMID:29650582; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5897803.</li> <li>Shah DH, Paul NC, Guard J. Complete Genome Sequence of a Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Strain, PU131, Isolated from a Human Patient in Washington State. Genome Announc. 2018 Mar 1;6(9). pii: e00125-18. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00125-18. PubMed PMID: 29496839; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5834327.</li> <li>Panzenhagen PHN, Paul NC, Conte Junior CA, Costa RG, Rodrigues DP, Shah DH. Draft Genome Sequences of 11 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Human Systemic and Nonsystemic Sites in Brazil. Genome Announc. 2018 Feb 1;6(5). pii: e01223-17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01223-17. PubMed PMID: 29437087; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5794934.</li> <li>Panzenhagen PHN, Paul NC, Conte CA Junior, Costa RG, Rodrigues DP, Shah DH. Genetically distinct lineages of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 and ST19 are present in Brazil. Int J Med Microbiol. 2018 Mar;308(2):306-316. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Jan 31. PubMed PMID: 29396155.</li> <li>Xu, J, Liu S, Tang J, Ozturk S, Kong F, Shah DH. Application of freeze-dried Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 in radio-frequency pasteurization of wheat flour. LWT. 2018 April 90: 124-131. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.014</li> <li>Shen Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Shen J. Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Apr;6(2). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0013-2017. PubMed PMID: 29623873.</li> <li>Tang Y, Fang L, Xu C, Zhang Q. Antibiotic resistance trends and mechanisms in the foodborne pathogen, Anim Health Res Rev. 2017 Dec;18(2):87-98. doi: 10.1017/S1466252317000135. Epub 2017 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 29166961.</li> <li>Dai L, Sahin O, Tang Y, Zhang Q. A Mutator Phenotype Promoting the Emergence of Spontaneous Oxidative Stress-Resistant Mutants in Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Dec 1;83(24). pii: e01685-17. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01685-17. Print 2017 Dec 15. PubMed PMID: 29030436; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5717198.</li> <li>Tang Y, Meinersmann RJ, Sahin O, Wu Z, Dai L, Carlson J, Plumblee J, Genzlinger L, LeJeune JT, Zhang Q. Wide but variable distribution of a hypervirulent Campylobacter jejuni clone in beef and dairy cattle in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Sep 29. pii: AEM.01425-17. doi:10.1128/AEM.01425-17. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28970227; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5717212.</li> <li>Stromberg ZR, Lewis GL, Schneider LG, Erickson GE, Patel IR, Smith DR, Moxley RA. Culture-based quantification with molecular characterization of non-O157 and O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolates from rectoanal mucosal swabs of feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2018;15:26-32. PubMed PMID: 29022742.</li> <li>Schneider LG, Klopfenstein TJ, Stromberg ZR, Lewis GL, Erickson GE, Moxley RA, Smith DR. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of dietary fibre from distillers grains on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli detection from the rectoanal mucosa and hides of feedlot steers. Zoonoses Public Health 2018;65:124-133. PubMed PMID: 28755469.</li> <li>Lewis G, Jorgensen QR, Loy JD, Moxley RA. Tellurite resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol. 75:752-759. PubMed PMID: 29423730</li> <li>Schneider LG, Lewis GL, Moxley RA, Smith DR. A four-season longitudinal study of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in beef cow-calf herds in Mississippi and Nebraska. Zoonoses Public Health 2018;65:552-559. PubMed PMID: 29573177.</li> <li>Kathayat D, Helmy YA, Deblais L, Rajashekara G. 2018. Novel small molecules affecting cell membrane as potential therapeutics for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Scientific Reports 8:15329.</li> <li>Mawad A, Helmy YA, Shalkami AG, Kathayat D,Rajashekara G. 2018. E. coli Nissle microencapsulation in alginate-chitosan nanoparticles and its effect on Campylobacter jejuni in vitro. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Oct 9. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9417-3. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID:30302522</li> <li>Deblais L, Lorentz B, Scaria J, Nagaraja KV, Nisar M, Lauer D, Voss S, Rajashekara G. 2018. Comparative Genomic Studies of Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated From Chicken- and Turkey-Associated Farm Environmental Samples. Front Microbiol 9.</li> <li>Deblais L, Helmy YA, Kathayat D, Huang H, Miller SA, Rajashekara G. 2018. Novel Imidazole and Methoxybenzylamine Growth Inhibitors Affecting Salmonella Cell Envelope Integrity and its Persistence in Chickens. Sci Rep 8:13381.</li> <li>Deblais L, Scaria J, Rajashekara G. 2018. Draft genome sequences of Salmonella entericaenterica serotype Heidelberg from chicken and turkey farm environments. Microbiol Resour Announc 7:e01204-18. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01204-18">https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01204-18</a>.</li> <li>Helmy, YA., Deblais, L., Kassem II, Kathayat, D., and Rajashekara, G. (2018). Novel small molecule modulators of quorum sensing in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Virulence. DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1528844.</li> <li>Miyazaki A, Kandasamy S, Michael H, Langel SN, Paim FC, Chepngeno J, Alhamo MA, Fischer DD, Huang HC, Srivastava V, Kathayat D, Deblais L, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. 2018. Protein deficiency reduces efficacy of oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in a human infant fecal microbiota transplanted gnotobiotic pig model. 2018 Oct 8;36(42):6270-6281.</li> <li>Jung, K., Miyazaki, A., Saif, L.J. (2018) Immunohistochemical detection of the vomiting-inducing monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin and enterochromaffin cells in the intestines of conventional or gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and serum cytokine responses of Gn pigs to acute PEDV infection. Research in Veterinary Science. Jun 12;119:99-108.</li> <li>Jung, K., Miyazaki, A., Hu, H., Saif, L.J. (2018) Susceptibility of porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells to infection with porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and serum cytokine responses of gnotobiotic pigs to acute infection of the IPEC-J2 cell culture-grown PDCoV. Veterinary Microbiology. 21: 49-58.</li> <li>Oka T, Stoltzfus GT, Zhu C, Jung K, Wang Q, Saif LJ. 2018. Attempts to grow human noroviruses, a sapovirus, and a bovine norovirus in vitro. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0178157. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178157">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178157</a></li> <li>Hu H, Jung K, Wang Q, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. 2018. Development of a one-step RT-PCR assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian fecal samples. Journal of Virological Methods 256:116-122.</li> <li>Esseili MA, Meulia T, Saif LJ, Wang Q. 2018. Tissue distribution and visualization of internalized human norovirus in leafy greens. Appl Environ Microbiol 84:e00292-18. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00292-18. [Epub ahead of print] (selected as Spotlight)</li> <li>Yunfang Su, Yixuan Hou, Melanie Prarat, Yan Zhang, and Qiuhong Wang. 2018. New variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with large deletions in the spike protein in United States, 2016-2017. Archives of Virology. 163(9):2485-2489.</li> <li>Yunfang Su, Yixuan Hou, and Qiuhong Wang. The enhanced replication of an S-intact PEDV during coinfection with an S1 NTD-del PEDV in piglets. Vet. Microbiol. 228:202-212. (ePub ahead)</li> <li>Chun-Ming Lin; Shristi Ghimire; Yixuan Hou; Patricia Boley; Stephanie N. Langel; Anastasia N. Vlasova; Linda J. Saif; Qiuhong Wang 2018. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus PC22A strain in conventional weaned pigs. BMC Veterinary Research (in revision)</li> <li>Yixuan Hou, Tea Meulia, Xiang Gao, Linda J Saif and Qiuhong Wang. 2018. The deletion of both tyrosine-based endocytosis signal and endoplasmic reticulum-retrieval signal in the cytoplasmic tail of spike protein attenuates PEDV in pigs. J Virol. (online on 11/7/2018)</li> <li>Qiuhong Wang, Anastasia N. Vlasova, Scott P. Kenney, Linda J. Saif. Emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in pigs. Current Opinion in Virology. (Invited review, accepted).</li> <li>N. Langel, F. C. Paim, M. A. Alhamo, A. Buckley, A. Van Geelen, K. M. Lager, A. N. Vlasova, L. J. Saif: Stage of gestation at porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection of pregnant swine impacts maternal immunity and lactogenic immune protection of neonatal suckling piglets. Submitted to Frontiers in Immunology (2018)</li> <li>Robinson, K., X. Ma, Y. Liu, S. Qiao, Y. Hou, and G. Zhang. 2018. Dietary modulation of endogenous host defense peptide synthesis as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics. Animal Nutrition. 4: 160-169.</li> <li>Lyu, W., Z. Deng, L.T. Sunkara, S. Becker, K. Robinson, R. Matts, and G. Zhang. 2018. High throughput screening for natural host defense peptide-inducing compounds as novel alternatives to antibiotics. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 8: 191.</li> <li>Deng, Z., J. Wang, W. Lyu, X. Wieneke, R. Matts, X. Ma, and G. Zhang. 2018. Development of a cell-based high throughput screening assay to identify porcine host defense peptide-inducing compounds. Journal of Immunology Research </li> <li>Singh, P., Singh, G., Karsky, J., Nelson, E., Ramamoorthy, S., 2018. A convenient colorimetric assay for the quantification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and neutralizing antibodies. Journal of virological methods 262, 32-37</li> <li>Zeng, X., Z. Wu, Q. Zhang, J. Lin. 2018. Identification and characterization of a restriction-modification enzyme reducing conjugation efficiency in Campylobacter jejuni using a co-transformation method. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84(23): e02004-18. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02004-18">https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02004-18</a></li> <li>Xu, F., X. Zeng, A. Hinenoya, J. Lin. 2018. The MCR-1 confers cross-resistance to bacitracin, a widely used in-feed antibiotic. 3(5): e00411-18. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00411-18">https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00411-18</a></li> <li>Vijayaraghavan, J., V. Kumar, N.P. Krishnan, R.T. Kaufhold, X. Zeng, J. Lin, F. van den Akker. Structural studies and molecular dynamics simulations suggest a processive mechanism of exolytic lytic transglycosylase from Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0197136. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197136">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197136</a>.</li> <li>Liu Q, Miller LC, Blecha F, Sang Y. Reduction of infection by inhibiting mTOR pathway is associated with reversed repression of type I interferon by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol. 2017 Jun;98(6):1316-1328.</li> <li>Sang Y, Shields L, Sang RE, Si HJ, Pigg A, Blecha F. 2018. Transcriptomic Analysis in Obese Rats Induced by High-Fat Diets plus an Adenoviral Infection. International J. Obesity, in press.</li> <li>Erickson, A. K., Murray, D. L., Ruesch, L. A., Thomas, M., Lau, Z., Scaria, J. (2018). Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Fresh Ground Meats Obtained from Retail Grocery Stores in the Brookings, South Dakota, Area. of Food Protection, 81(9), 1526-1534.</li> <li>Bessire BC, Thomas M, Gehring KB,  Savell JW,  Griffin DB,  Taylor TM,  Mikel WB,  Campbell JA,   Arnold A,   Scaria J. (2018)  National survey of Salmonella prevalence in lymph nodes of sows and market hogs, Volume 2, Issue 4, 1 October 2018, Pages 365–371</li> <li>Ghimire S, Kumar R, Nelson EA, Hennings J, Scaria J (2018) Genome sequence and description of Blautia brookingsii str SG772 nov., a new species of anaerobic bacterium isolated from healthy human gut. bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/327007</li> <li>Thomas M, Wongkuna S, Ghimire S, Doerner K, Singery A, Nelson EA, Woyengo T, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Janvilisri T , Scaria J. (2018) Gut Microbial succession during conventionalization of germfree chicken. bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/360784</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Book Chapters</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Non-Refereed Articles</li> <li>Resende TP. Enteroids as an in vitro model for ileitis. National Hog Farmer 2018. Apr 63(4):12-18. Available at: http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/134cc228#/57498229/1</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Research Presentations with Published Abstracts</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. 6th Annual Conference on Microbiology, Baltimore, MD, October 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. ASBMB annual meeting, San Diego, CA, April 2018</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Vaccines against Shigella and ETEC, Mexico City, Mexico, June 2018</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. FASEB Microbial Glycobiology, Scottsdale, AZ, June 2018</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. 12th Vaccine Congress, Budapest, Hungary, September 2018.</li> <li>Malik A, Brudvig JM, Gadsden BJ, Ethridge AD, and Mansfield LS. 2017 Campylobacter jejuni induces autoimmune peripheral neuropathy via Siglec-1 and IL-4 axes. Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms Meeting, Nantes France, September 2017.</li> <li>Mansfield, LS, 2017. Developing transplanted human microbiota models to study the effects of the early microbiome on development of inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy. Inflame,</li> <li>Ewart SL, Bell JA, Claiborne DJ, Zanetti AT, Lund L, Arshad SH, and Mansfield LS. 2017. Transplanted human microbiota and enteric pathogen challenge enhanced susceptibility to allergen-mediated asthma in a murine model, The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.</li> <li>Mansfield LS, Ethridge AD, Brooks PT, Brakel KA, and Bell JA. 2017. Effect of Host Genetic background on development of autoimmunity in transplanted and vertically transmitted human microbiota mouse models. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.</li> <li>White CH, Alzahrani AM, Zhang H, Ewart SL, Mansfield LS, Arshad SH, Karmaus W, Rezwan FR, Holloway JW. Epigenome-wide Association Study of the Effect of Maternal Age on Offspring DNA Methylation. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.</li> <li>Mitchel F, Karmaus W, Zhang H, Ewart SL, Mansfield LS, Holloway J, Potter S, Kurukulaaratchy R, Arshad SH. Recruitment and Characterization of the Isle Of Wight 3rd Generation Birth Cohort. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.</li> <li>Bell JA, Brooks PT, Brakel KA, Ethridge AD, and Mansfield LS. 2017. Differences in microbial food webs are correlated with enhanced Campylobacter jejuni colonization levels in mice with human-derived versus conventional gut microbiotas, Microbial Population Biology Conference, Gordon Research Conference, Proctor Academy, July 9-14, 2017. </li> <li>Moya Uribe IA, Bell JA, Ewart SL, and Mansfield LS. Human microbiota increased type 2 allergic responses in a mouse asthma model infected with jejuni. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.</li> <li>Terauchi H and Mansfield LS. The impact of air quality on gut microbiome in rats with metabolic syndrome. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.</li> <li>Sher SA, Bell JA and Mansfield LS. Reversible motility mutations and parallel sigma-54 loss during evolution of Campylobacter jejuni. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.</li> <li>Faryean J and Mansfield LS. Pain is associated with nerve inflammation in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.</li> <li>Mansfield LS, Ethridge AD, Brooks PT, Bell JA. Human microbiota influenced Campylobacter jejuni colonization and autoimmunity more than host genetic background. Conference of Research Workers on Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 1-4, 2018.</li> <li>Wang, L., Eggett, T.E., Li, G., Zhang, Y., Lanka, S., Fredrickson, R.L, Yoo, D., Bowman, A.S. 2018. Development of a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of three genotypes of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. 61st Ass. Vet. Lab. Diagn /122nd USAHA Annual Meeting, Oct 18-22, Kansas City, KS.</li> <li>Hicks, JA, Yoo, D., Liu, HC. 2018. Identification of potential regulators of the porcine immunomodulatory microRNA, miR-146a. 25th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.</li> <li>Ke, H., Lee, S. Yoo, D. 2018. PRRSV nucleocapsid protein binding to PIAS1 activates NF-kB for production of proinflammatory mediators. 25th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.</li> <li>Zhang Q., Ke, H., Blikslager, A., Fujita, T., Yoo, D. 2018. Restriction of type III interferon antiviral cytokines by PEDV and the role of nsp1. 25th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.</li> <li>Zhang, Q., Ke, H., Yoo, D. 2018. Regulation of type III interferons by PEDV is mediated through suppression of IRF1 and peroxisome biogenesis. 25th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.</li> <li>Yoo, D. 2017. PEDV and type III interferon modulations. USDA-NIFA Project Directors Meeting. Chicago, IL. Dec 3.</li> <li>Yoo, D. 2017. Type III interferons and innate immune evasions of PEDV. NC-1202 Annual Research Meeting. Chicago, IL. Dec 3-4.</li> <li>Zhang Q., and Yoo, D. 2017. Inhibition of type III interferons in the intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and innate immune evasion. CRWAD. Chicago, IL. Dec 3-5.</li> <li>Zhang Q., and Yoo, D. 2017. Inhibition of type III interferons in the intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and innate immune evasion. North American PRRS Symposium 2017. Chicago, IL. Dec 1-2.</li> <li>Gebhart, C. Veterinary Brachyspiras: Old and New. Gordon Research Conference on Biology of Spirochetes, January 21-26, 2018 - January 26, Ventura, CA  Invited Presentation.</li> <li>Leite F, Vasquez E, Vannucci F, Abrahante JE, Gebhart C, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman N, Rambo Z, and Isaacson RE Investigating the Mucosal Immune Response to Lawsonia intracellularis. Leman Swine Conference, St Paul, MN. 2018. Poster Presentation.</li> <li>Leite F, Vasquez E, Vannucci F, Abrahante JE, Rendahl A, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman N, Gebhart C, Rambo Z, Isaacson RE. The Impact of Zinc Amino Acid Complex Supplementation on the Porcine Response to Subclinical Lawsonia intracellularis 49th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, San Diego, CA. 2018. Proceedings Paper and Oral Presentation.</li> <li>Leite F, Vasquez E, Vannucci F, Abrahante JE, Rendahl A, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman N, Gebhart C, Rambo Z, Isaacson RE. Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 and Other Molecules Involved in Cellular Proliferation and Inflammation are Associated with Lawsonia intracellularis Infection in Pigs. 98th Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, IL. 2017. Oral Presentation.</li> <li>Pereira CER, Resende TP, Daniel AGS, Vannucci FA, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis of Lawsonia intracellularis in intestinal porcine epithelial Cells. 25rd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress 2018. 2:793.</li> <li>Pereira CER, Resende TP, Vannucci FA, Santos RL, Armien A, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Interaction between Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. 25rd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress 2018. 2:794.</li> <li>Pereira CER, Wattanaphansak S, Resende TP, Zarate JAB, Vilaça de Oliveira JS, Klein U, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Isolation and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine Lawsonia intracellularis from Latin America and Asia. 25rd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress 2018. 2:810.</li> <li>Resende TP, Kupiec C, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart, CJ. Evaluation of mouse enteroids as an in vitro model for Lawsonia intracellularis Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases 2017. 1:92.</li> <li>Trudeau M, Resende TP, Guo Y, Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Gebhart CJ, and Saqui-Salces M. Development of swine enteroids as a model to study Lawsonia intracellularis J. of Animal Science, Vol 96, Issue suppl 2, April 2018, pages 213-214. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.395">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.395</a></li> <li>Vasquez E, Marshall Lund L, Vannucci,F, Patnayak D and Gebhart C. Evaluation of two serological assays for Lawsonia intracellularis 98th Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, IL. 2017. Oral Presentation.</li> <li>Vasquez E, Valeris R, Beckler D and Vannucci F. Impact of vaccination on transmission of Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs. Allen Leman Conference. Sept 15, 2018. St. Paul, MN. Poster presentation.</li> <li>Chandler J, Blouin N, Bono J, Franklin A, Goodridge L, Root J, Shriner S, Bisha B. Genetic Context of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli at the Livestock-Wildlife Interface. International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 8 - July 11, 2018, Salt Lake City, UT.</li> <li>Anders J, Chandler J, Carlson J, LeJeune J, Goodridge L, Wang B, Day L, Mangan A, Reid D, Coleman S, Bisha B. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli from European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Associated with Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 8 – July 11, 2018, Salt Lake City, UT.</li> <li>Burin R, Paul N, Chiok K, Shah D.H. SPI-13 contributes to nutritional adaptation of Salmonella. 20th CVM Student and Post-Doctoral Research Symposium, Oct, 25th, 2018.</li> <li>Burin R, Chiok K, Shah D.H. SPI-13 contributes to nutritional adaptation of Salmonella. 99th CRWAD Meeting, Dec 1st-4th, 2018.</li> <li>Schaefer K, Dai L, Krull A, Burrough E, Zhang Q, Sahin O. Prevalence, species distribution, and mechanism of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus from companion animals in the Midwest U.S. Poster presentation at ISU College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Scholar Research Day, August 11, 2017, Ames, IA.</li> <li>Muirhead S, Tang Y, Pavlovic N, Zhang Q. Identification of a predominant Campylobacter coli clone in feedlot cattle in the United States. Poster presentation at ISU College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Scholar Research Day, August 11, 2017, Ames, IA.</li> <li>Rodriguez T, Ocal MM, Singh K, Krull A, Zhang Q, Sahin O. Mechanism and cross-resistance patterns of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus from companion animals. Poster presentation at CVM Summer Scholars Research Day, Iowa State University, August 10, 2018, Ames, IA.</li> <li>Schroeder A, Goulart DB, Beyi A, Wu Z, Singh K, Sahin O, Plummer P, Dewell G, Dewell R, Zhang Q. Effect of Enrofloxacin treatment on the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant Campylobacter in cattle. Poster presentation at CVM Summer Scholars Research Day, Iowa State University, August 10, 2018, Ames, IA.</li> <li>Moxley RA. Progress and challenges in culture-based detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Annual Meeting of the International Association for Food Protection. Salt Lake City, UT, July 8-11, 2018. Abstract, Session S9: Non-NGS Methods for Foodborne Pathogen Identification, J Food Prot 81 (Supplement A):11.</li> </ol>   <ol start="47"> <li>Jung Y, Porto-Fett ACS, Shoyer BA, Henry E, Trauger Z, Shane LE, Osoria M, Rupert C, Chapman B, Parveen S, Meredith J, Schwarz J, Moxley R, Luchansky JB. Recovery of regulated non-O157 serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from veal cutlets, ground veal, and ground beef collected from retail stores in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Annual Meeting of the International Association for Food Protection. Salt Lake City, UT, July 8-11, 2018. Abstract, P1-90, J Food Prot 81 (Supplement A):107.</li> </ol>   <ol start="48"> <li>Lu T, Moxley RA, Zhang W. New fimbriae-toxoid vaccine candidate can induce immunogenic and neutralizing antibodies against multiple virulence factors of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the 99th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 2-4, 2018, Abstract 301.</li> <li>Kathayat D, Mawad AMM, Closs G Jr., Helmy YA, Deblais L, Srivastava V, Blakeslee JJ, Rajashekara G. 2018. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 possesses strong antimicrobial activity against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. OARDC annual conference 2018, Wooster, OH.</li> <li>Kathayat D, Helmy YA, Deblais L, Rajashekara G. 2018. Small molecule adjuvants potentiate the antimicrobial activity of colistin against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Abstract submitted to 99th annual conference of research workers in animal diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, IL.</li> <li>Yosra A. Helmy, Dipak Kathayat, Mostafa Ghanem, Loic Deblais, Gary Closs, Vishal Srivastava, Mohamed El-Gazzar, and Gireesh Rajashekara (2018). Novel small molecules with antimicrobial activities against Mycoplasma gallisepticuminfections in poultry. The 99th annual conference of research workers in animal Diseases (CRWAD). December 1st- 4th. Chicago. IL. USA (Accepted).</li> <li>Yosra A. Helmy, Dipak Kathayat, Loic Deblais, Gary Closs, Vishal Srivastava and Gireesh Rajashekara (2018). Novel quorum sensing inhibitors to control colibacillosis in chickens. CFAES Annual Research Conference. April 27th, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio State, USA</li> <li>Srivastava V, Huang HC, Deblais L, Miyazaki A, Kandasamy S, Langel SN, Paim FC, Chepngeno J, Kathayat D, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ, Rajashekara G (2018). Lower efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine in a microbiota humanized gnotobiotic pig model: A microbiota prospective. The 99th annual conference of research workers in animal diseases (CRWAD) Dec 1st -4th, IL. USA.</li> <li>Closs G., Helmy Y.H., Howell A., Kathayat D., and Rajashekara G (2018). Efficacy and antimicrobial characterization of different probiotic bacteria against Salmonella infections in-vitro. The 99th annual conference of research workers in animal Diseases (CRWAD). Dec 1st- 4th. Chicago. IL. USA.</li> <li>Yunfang Su, Yixuan Hou, Melanie Prarat, Yan Zhang, and Qiuhong Wang. Archives o Virology. New PEDV variants with a large deletion in the spike protein in United States, 2016-2017. (poster). Proc. 37th American Society for Virology Annual meeting, Abstract#P10-2, College Park, Maryland. July 14-18, 2018.</li> <li>Yixuan Hou, Yunfang Su, Linda J Saif, and Qiuhong Wang. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Lacking Ribose 2’O-Methyltransferase Activity is Attenuated in Pigs. (Oral). Proc. 37th American Society for Virology Annual meeting, Abstract#W16-6, College Park, Maryland. July 14-18, 2018.</li> <li>Yixuan Hou, Tea Meulia, Xiang Gao, Linda J Saif and Qiuhong Wang. A tyrosine-based sorting motif in PEDV spike protein is an endocytosis signal and contributes to viral virulence. (oral) Presentation #260. The 99th Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago, IL. December 2-4, 2018.</li> <li>Qiuhong Wang, Linda J. Saif, Yixuan Hou, Chun-Ming Lin, Xiang Gao, Xinsheng Liu, Thavamathi Annamalai. Molecular attenuation mechanisms of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in pigs. (oral) Presentation #261. The 99th Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago, IL. December 2-4, 2018.</li> <li>N. Langel, A. N. Vlasova, F. C. Paim, M. A. Alhamo, A. Buckley, K. M. Lager, L. J. Saif: Gestational age impacts mucosal immunity and the gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA axis in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected pregnant swine and lactogenic immune protection of their piglets. American Society of Virology Annual Meeting, College Park, MD (2018)</li> <li>C. Paim, L.J. Saif, A.S. Bowman, L. Miller, H. Hu, A.N. Vlasova. 2018. Detection of Deltacoronavirus (δ-CoVs) and Gammacoronavirus (γ-CoV) in avian cloacal swabs from wild birds in the United States. CRWAD 2018 — The 99th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Dec 2-4, 2018; Chicago, Illinois</li> <li>Chepngeno, A. Diaz, Chimelo, F.C., S. Takanashi, H. Michael, L.J. Saif, A.N. Vlasova. 2018. Rotavirus C prevalence in healthy and diarrheic piglets: effects of maternal immunity. CRWAD 2018 — The 99th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Dec 2-4, 2018; Chicago, Illinois</li> <li>SsemadaaliA., Kolyvushko O., and Ramamoorthy S. (2018). Immunoinformatics-based design of a porcine circovirus strain-2 (PCV2) diagnostic test. The Annual NDSU-CAFSNR AgWeek Poster Symposium, Fargo, ND (2018) April.</li> <li>G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and Ramamoorthy. S. Enhancing Delivery and Immune Response of Peptide Vaccine by Polymer-Peptide Mixed Micellar Assemblies. The Annual NDSU-CAFSNR AgWeek Poster Symposium, Fargo, ND (2018).</li> <li>Marvin A. Ssemadaali, Pankaj Singh and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Potential role of porcine circoviruses in the replication of torque teno viruses. North Dakota Academy of Sciences, Mankato, MN (2018)</li> <li>Rakibuzzaman AGM*, Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Angela Pillatzki, Pablo Pineyro, Gagandeep Singh ,Peter Nara and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Epitope targeted improvement of vaccine efficacy against porcine circovirus strain 2 (PCV2). North Dakota Academy of Sciences, Mankato, MN (2018)</li> <li>Marvin Ssemadaali, Pankaj Singh and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Helper viral proteins in the replication of Torque Teno Viruses. 96th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL (2018)</li> <li>Gagandeep Singh and Sheela Ramamoorthy. First response vaccines for emergency preparedness. 96th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL (2018)</li> <li>Rakibuzzaman AGM, Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Angela Pillatzki, Pablo Pineyro, Gagandeep Singh ,Peter Nara and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Designing epitope-based vaccines for enhanced immunity and detection. 96th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL (2018)</li> <li>Li, X.P., J. Sun, J.Q. Song, R.Y. Sun, X.P.Liao, J. Lin, Y.H. Liu. 2018. Within-host diversity of colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken in China. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago</li> <li>Zeng, X., H.Wang, C. Huang, B. Gillespie, J. Lin. 2018. Efficacy of enterobactin conjugate vaccines to induce enterobactin specific egg yolk antibodies. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago</li> <li>Wang, H., X. Zeng, Y. Mo, J. Lin. 2018. Characterization of the enterobactin-specific antibodies induced by a novel enterobactin conjugate vaccine. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago</li> <li>Lin, J., X. Zeng, C.M.Logue, L.K. Nolan. 2018. Enterobactin-based immune intervention to control colibacillosis in poultry. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago</li> <li>Lin, J., W. Geng, S. Long, S. Joyce. 2018. Improved animal husbandry through inhibition of gut microbial bile salt hydrolase. Focused Meeting 2018: Microbiomes Underpinning Agriculture. October 1-2, Cork, Ireland</li> <li>Hinenoya, A., X. Zeng, O. Sahin, C. Logue, S. Yamasaki, J. Lin. 2018. Isolation of Escherichia albertii from the clinical Eschericjia coli strains isolated from pets and poultry in the US. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA</li> <li>Zeng, X., F. Xu, J. Lin. 2018. The MCR-1 confers cross-resistance to bacitracin in Escherichia coli. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA (This abstract was selected for displaying in the on-site press room for reporters)</li> <li>Geng, W., C. Gahan, S. Joyce, J. Chang, A. Saxton, J. Lin. 2018. In vivo evaluation of bile salt hydrolase inhibitors using broiler chicken. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA</li> <li>Zeng, X., H. Wang, C. Huang, B. Gillespie, J. Lin. 2018. Production of egg yolk antibodies directed against enterobactin. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA</li> <li>Wang, H., X. Zeng, B. Gillespie, J. Lin. The enterobactin conjugate vaccines triggered high titer of enterobactin-specific antibodies in rabbits. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA</li> <li>Gong, J., X. Zeng, P. Zhang, D. Zhang, C. Wang, J. Lin. 2018. Emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana in China and the underlying molecular determinants. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA</li> <li>Vijayaraghavan, J., V. Kumar, N.P. Krishnan, R. T. Kaufhold, X. Zeng, J. Lin, F. van den Akker. 2018. Structure and Mechanistic Insights into the Soluble Lytic Transglycosylase from Campylobacter jejuni. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA</li> <li>Wang, A., J. Lin, Q. Zhong. 2018. Probiotics powders prepared by mixing suspension of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 and spray-dried lactose: Viability and physical and biophysical properties. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting. July 15-18, Chicago, IL</li> <li>Wang, A., J. Lin, Q. Zhong. 2018. Roles of proteins and lactose on survival of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 dehydrated with skim milk powder. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting. July 15-18, Chicago, IL</li> <li>Vijayaraghavan, J., V. Kumar, N.P. Krishnan, R. T. Kaufhold, X. Zeng, J. Lin, F. van den Akker. 2018. Structure and Mechanistic Insights into the Doughnut-Shaped Lytic Transglycosylase from Campylobacter jejuni. 2018 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. April 21-25, San Diego, CA</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>Research Presentations without Published Abstracts</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, November 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China, November 2017</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, March 2018</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Biodiversity Conservation and Tropical Disease Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam, August 2018</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam, August 2018</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Ag Biosecurity and Biodefense Consortium, Nebraska City, NE, October 2018</li> <li>Daniel AGS, De Conti ER, Rendahl A, Gebhart CJ. Development of a serological ELISA using a recombinant proteins and whole cell antigen for detection of IgG and IgA against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. University of Minnesota, Oct. 2018.</li> <li>Resende TP, Guo Y, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart CJ. Mouse enteroids as an in vitro model for Lawsonia intracellularis BRASCON, Columbus OH, 2018.</li> <li>Resende TP, Guo Y, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart CJ. Lawsonia intracellularis infection decreases the number of endocrine cells in pigs affected by proliferative enteropathy. 14th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Brisbane, Australia, 2018.</li> <li>Resende TP, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart CJ. Effects of Lawsonia intracellularis infection in the number of enteroendocrine cells in mouse enteroids. 14th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Brisbane, Australia, 2018.</li> <li>Bisha B. Colorimetric and Electrochemical Bacteria Detection Using Printed Paper- and Transparency-Based Analytic Devices. Fifth Annual Rapid Detection for Food Safety Conference, June 27, 2018, Bethesda, MD (invited talk).</li> <li>Moxley RA. Progress in the control of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in beef through the USDA-NIFA STEC Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP). 37th Annual Midwest Section AOACI Meeting, Lincoln, NE, June 5, 2018, oral, invited presentation.</li> <li>Moxley RA. National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, August 21, 2018, oral, invited presentation.</li> <li>Moxley RA. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a continuing threat to food safety. Ag Biosecurity and Biodefense Consortium: Regional Capabilities and Research Portfolios. Nebraska City, NE, October 23, oral, invited presentation.</li> <li>Moxley RA. Would you like a career in veterinary research? VBMS 101 Success in Veterinary Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE, October 29, 2018, oral, invited presentation.</li> <li>Moxley RA. Careers in medical microbiology and related fields. MBIO 101 Introduction to the Microbiology Major, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE, November 9, 2018, oral, invited presentation.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

A. Kansas 1. We further refined the efficacy of a colonization factor-independent ETEC vaccine antigen. 2. Solving the NleB and SseK crystal structures provided a means for the development of anti-virulence therapies targeting E. coli and Salmonella. 3. We established more precise estimates for the prevalence of non-O157 STEC in beef cattle. 4. We identified new PEDV vaccine candidates. B. Illinois 1. The results obtained from this project will provide new directions in the study of enteric viruses and parasites that can be exploited for the development of novel drugs and vaccines for treating or preventing the organisms in food animals. C. Minnesota 1. Effects of Lawsonia intracellularis infection on the proliferation of different mammalian cell lines. Our findings provide data to support and expand previous subjective observations of the absence of in vitro proliferation caused by L. intracellularis in cell cultures and confirm that cell lines infected by L. intracellularis fail to serve as adequate models for understanding the cellular changes observed in proliferative enteropathy-affected intestines. 2. Enteroids as a model for Lawsonia pathogenesis. Our mouse and pig enteroid infection models may be useful in determining mechanisms of the pathogenesis of L. intracellularis, as well as other enteric pathogens, and potential treatment options. 3. Evaluation of two serological assays for Lawsonia intracellularis antibodies. We evaluated two serological assays for L. intracellularis, and this information will be useful for conducting disease surveillance in pig herds. For comparative purposes, an approximation of endpoint titer can now be made by converting the ELISA PI value to an endpoint titer using a standard curve. 4. Development of a serologic assay using recombinant proteins and whole cell antigen for detection of IgG and IgA against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. We have developed and evaluated serology assays for B. hyodysenteriae that detect IgG antibodies in sera and IgA antibodies in colonic scrapings. 5. Vaccination against Lawsonia intracellularis decreases shedding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in co-infected pigs and alters the gut microbiome. The use of vaccination against L. intracellularis to control S. enterica is a novel and promising new tool that is much needed for controlling S. enterica in pig herds as well as improving food safety, and may be an alternative to the use of antimicrobials. 6. The effects of zinc amino acid complex supplementation on the porcine host response to Lawsonia intracellularis infection. Our L. intracellularis challenge study demonstrated that a zinc-amino acid complex aids the host in responding to L. intracellularis infection and may be a new approach to help minimize negative effects of disease. 1. Impact of vaccination on transmission of Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs. This study demonstrated adequate efficacy of both available vaccination protocols, reducing shedding after contact with infectious animals. However, neither vaccination protocol significantly decreased transmission rate. From a field perspective, these results stress the importance of implementing vaccination programs at the system level, not site-specific interventions. D. Wyoming 1. Improved understanding of antimicrobial resistance in wildlife associated with concentrated animal feeding operations. 2. Enhanced diagnostics of antimicrobial resistant foodborne pathogens using mass spectrometry E. Washington 1. Our research provides evidence that KsgA contributes to the cell-envelope integrity of the Salmonella and could be an important target for the development of new antimicrobials or immunoprophylactics. 2. Our research shows that SPI-13 plays an important role in nutrient acquisition of Salmonella and that FDA approved anti-metabolites can be used as non-antibiotic alternatives to inhibit metabolic pathways of Salmonella thereby inhibiting Salmonella growth. 3. Complete genome sequence of ciprofloxacin resistant strain of S. Kentucky will aid dissecting epidemiological analysis of globally disseminated strains of S. Kentucky ST198. F. Iowa 1) Commercial cattle harbor genetically diverse FQ-R Campylobacter. 2) Single dose treatment with enrofloxacin enriches pre-existing FQ-R populations, but has little effect on de novo selection of FQ-R Campylobacter. 3) Important insights are provided for better understanding the epidemiology and management of FQ-R Campylobacter in cattle, and thus for the mitigation of spread of resistance to the environment and public. G. Nebraska 1. The efficacies of culture-based methods for detection of EHEC were determined to guide development of best practices for detection of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in beef. 2. Cattle fecal and hide EHEC prevalence and concentration data were generated and incorporated into a quantitative microbial risk assessment model with the goal of reducing the occurrence and public health risks of these organisms in beef. 3. A fimbria-toxoid candidate vaccine for post-weaning enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in swine was developed. G. Ohio 1. Our study indicates that the susceptibility of IPEC-J2 cells to PDCoV infection supports their usefulness to characterize the interactions of enterocytes with PDCoV. 2. Our study suggests that serotonin release from EC cells (increased serotonin levels) into the gut submucosa might occur early PEDV post-infection to stimulate the vagal afferent neurons, followed by vomiting. Serotonin might be involved in the mechanisms related to vomiting in PEDV-infected piglets. 3. Development of efficacious vaccines will directly promote the control and prevention of PEDV, thus contribute to pig health and help maintain a sustainable pork industry. 4. Understanding the impact of stage of gestation at PEDV infection or exposure on maternal immunity will allow more precise maternal vaccination protocols to target the time when the animal is most immunologically responsive. Optimizing vaccine efficacy for gestating and lactating animals will enhance lactogenic immunity in neonates and decrease morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal enteric disease. 5. Deltacoronaviruses (PDCoV and ADCoV). Our study indicates the potential ability of the emerged PDCoV and other DCoV isolates from birds or small mammals to infect different animal species. Although there is no evidence that porcine or avian DCoVs are infectious to humans, their potential threat to public health remains uncertain due to relatively high genetic heterogeneity (and therefore genomic plasticity) of DCoVs and likely ongoing adaptation to their current hosts. 6. Our data indicate that piglets born to gilts are at increased risk of developing clinical disease following postnatal infections with endemic or re-emerging enteric viruses. Efficacious vaccines and other measures are needed to boost lactogenic immunity in guilts. 7. Our findings demonstrate that protein deficiency negatively affects neonatal immune function, alters intestinal microbiome and compromises HRV vaccine efficacy. These findings are applicable to human and swine health and indicate that adequate nutrition is critical for the efficient control and prevention of infectious diseases. 8. Our finding showed that abundance and diversity of microbiota is different in vaccinated protein-deficient and -sufficient diet fed piglets which in turn contributes to poor efficacy of HRV vaccine. Similar malnourished conditions, such as in children in low and middle income countries, may contribute to microbiota changes and HRV vaccine failures. 9. Our studies have suggested that the best management practice would be to avoid initial contamination of the virus with ready-to-eat vegetables from farm to fork. Looking for economic reagents that can bind to the specific amino acid residues on the capsid proteins of HuNoV to prevent its contamination can be a future target. 10. Identification of novel approaches (e.g, probiotics and small molecules), an alternatives for antibiotics to control Campylobacter, have resulted in the reduction of Campylobacter in general and antimicrobial resistant in particular which will benefit the public health. This will benefit stakeholders by enhancing their capabilities to control this pathogen in their products, which would increase the competitiveness of chicken farming. 11. The Small molecule growth inhibitors identified in our studies will make available a novel and effective control method against Salmonella in poultry production system thus ensure food safety and public health 12. The whole genome analysis of the Salmonella isolated from poultry farms revealed contribution of horizontal gene transfer in Salmonella adaptations and antimicrobial resistance. These findings facilitate development of approaches to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. 13. The small molecules identified (growth as well as virulence inhibitors) in our studies will make available novel and effective control methods against colibacillosis in poultry production system and thereby enhance food security and food safety. H. N. Dakota 1. Methods to reduce time and labor involved in PEDV serological testing in diagnostic labs were developed. 2. USDA-NIFA funding was secured to test rapid-response PEDV vaccine which was very effective an safe in piglets, in a pregnant sow model. I. Tennessee 1. Development of innovative strategies to control Campylobacter infection in humans and in animal reservoir would reduce the occurrence of foodborne illness in humans. 2. Our antimicrobial resistance studies may open new avenues for treatment and prevention of resistant foodborne pathogens important in animal health and food safety. 3. Research on the development of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters will lead to novel ‘One Health’ measures for enhanced animal production, food safety, and human health. 4. Development of IFN-based novel vaccine and antivirals for mitigating viral infections J. S. Dakota Our work using genmomic epidemiology helps to better understand the routes of transmission and mechanisms by which zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonellla enterica cause enteric infections. IN the longer term this could be helpful to design better food safety measures to control human infections.

Date of Annual Report: 12/19/2019

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 11/02/2019 - 11/03/2019
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2018 - 09/30/2019

Participants

Richard Isaacson (Minnesota State University); Linda Saif(Ohio State University); Rodney Moxley (University of Nebraska Lincon); Joy Scaria (South Dakota State University); Zuowei Wu (Iowa Stae University); Roy Curtiss (University of Florida); Matthew Sylte (USDA); Radhey Kaushik (South Dakota State University); Getahun Agga (USDA); Ruediger Hauck (Auburn University); Jun Lin (University of Tennessee); Torey Looft (USDA); Xiaolun Sun ((University of Arkansas); Frank Blecha (Kansas State University); Philip Hardwidge (Kansas State University); Kaori Moni (Zoetis Inc); Yanhong Lin (UC Davis); Qiuhong Wang (Ohio State University); Oran Sahin (Iowa State University); Zhengguo Xiao (University of Maryland); Yongming Sang (Tennessee State University); Weiping Zhang (University of Illinois); Qijing Zhang (Iowa Staet University); TG Nagaraja (Kansas State University); Devendra Shah (Washington State University)

Brief Summary of Minutes

NC1202 meeting notes, 11/2/2019, Houston room, Marriott Hotel, Chicago, IL

7:30 am Registration, $50/person

8:15 am a meeting called to order by Dr. Devendra Shah, Chair of the NC1202.

Member self-introduction:

A total of 25 participants: Richard Isaacson; Linda Saif; Rodney Moxley; Joy Scaria; Zuowei Wu; Roy Curtiss; Matthew Sylte; Radhey Kaushik; Getahun Agga; Ruediger Hauck; Jun Lin; Torey Looft; Xiaolun Sun; Frank Blecha; Philip Hardwidge; Kaori Moni; Yanhong Lin; Qiuhong Wang; Oran Sahin; Zhengguo Xiao; Yongming Sang; Weiping Zhang; Qijing Zhang; TG Nagaraja; Devendra Shah

Open remarks by Dr. Frank Blecha:

Timeline:

2020-Feb Midterm review

2021-Fall, submit new NC1202 proposal

2022-Spring, Decision on approval of the new proposal

9:00 am – 11:30 am Station report presentations

A total of 6 stations presented the progress reports during this session.

11:30 am – 12:00 noon Business meeting chaired by Dr. Devendra Shah

Budget

Student award: 2/9 oral, 1st place ($300), and 2nd place ($200)

1/3 poster, 1st place ($300)

Judges for student oral presentations: Drs. Zhengguo Xiao; Getahun Agga; TG Nagaraja; Ashutosh Verma

Judges for student poster presentations: Drs. Yanhong Liu; Weiping Zhang; Ashutosh Verma

We will use the online evaluation system. Devendra showed how to use the online evaluation system. Each judge received a folder including the summary of competition participants, evaluation form, etc.

Elected next Chair (Dr. Qiuhong Wang) and Secretary (Dr. Oran Sahin)

Grant renewal plan:

Assemble writing committee: Jun Lin, Devendra Shah, Qiuhong Wang, Linda Saif, and Dick Isaacson

Both Dr. Blecha and Qijing suggested 1) emphasize connections among members (projects, publications, etc.), 2) start early, 3) get ideas to improve the proposal by reading the Review Results (online at NIMSS)

Jun Lin suggested collecting all member's input by sending out a template to collect new progress, etc.

Whether NC1202 organizes a mini-symposium?

Dr. Xiao, Zhengguo volunteered to coordinate/communicate among members to collect ideas

Will send emails to get opinions from station representatives

Dr. Qijing Zhang suggested contacting CRWAD ASAP with details of the symposium if a symposium will be organized

Members were reminded to submit the annual station report to both Devendra and Qiuhong, and please follow the template

1:30 pm-5:00 pm Station report presentations

A total of 6 stations presented progress reports during this session.

Meeting adjourned: 5:05 pm

Accomplishments

Publications

Refereed Journal Articles   Washington State University <ol> <li>Afema JA, Davis MA, Sischo WM. 2019. Antimicrobial use policy changes in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: a cross sectional and ecological study. BMC Microbiol. 12;19(1):217. doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1576-6.</li> <li>Liu J, Zhao Z, Avillan JJ, Call DR, Davis M, Sischo WM, Zhang A. 2019. Dairy farm soil presents distinct microbiota and varied prevalence of antibiotic resistance across housing areas. Environ Pollut. 254(Pt B):113058. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113058.</li> <li>Elder JR, Paul NC, Burin R, Guard J, Shah DH. Genomic organization and role of SPl-13 in nutritional fitness of Salmonella. Int J Med Microbiol. 308(8):1043-1052. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.10.004</li> <li>Schlatter DC, Paul NC, Shah DH, Schillinger WF, Bary Al, Sharratt B, Paulitz TC. Biosolids and Tillage Practices Influence Soil Bacterial Communities in Dryland Wheat. Microb Ecol. 78(3):737-752. doi: 10.1007/s00248-019-01339-1.</li> <li>Chick KLR, Shah DH. Identification of common highly expressed genes of Salmonella Enteritidis by in silico prediction of gene expression and in vitro transcriptomic analysis. Poult Sci. 98(7):2948-2963. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez119.</li> </ol> Iowa State University <ol> <li>Dai L, Wu Z, Xu C, Sahin O, Yaeger M, Plummer PJ, Zhang Q. The Rho-Independent Transcription Terminator for the porA Gene Enhances Expression of the Major Outer Membrane Protein and Campylobacter jejuni Virulence in Abortion Induction. Infect Immun. 2019 Nov 18;87(12). pii: e00687-19. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00687-19. Print 2019 Dec. PubMed PMID: 31570559.</li> <li>Dai L, Xia J, Sahin O, Zhang Q. Identification of a nth-Like Gene Encoding an Endonuclease III in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol. 2019 Apr 10;10:698. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00698. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 31024487; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6467930.</li> <li>Xia J, Pang J, Tang Y, Wu Z, Dai L, Singh K, Xu C, Ruddell B, Kreuder A, Xia L, Ma X, Brooks KS, Ocal MM, Sahin O, Plummer PJ, Griffith RW, Zhang Q. High Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter Bacteria in Sheep and Increased Campylobacter Counts in the Bile and Gallbladders of Sheep Medicated with Tetracycline in Feed. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019 May 16;85(11). pii: e00008-19. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00008-19. Print 2019 Jun 1. PubMed PMID: 30926726; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6532027.</li> <li>Lashley VD, Yaeger MJ, Ji J, Sahin O, Wu Z. Investigating the Suitability of a Laboratory Mouse Model to Study the Pathogenesis of Abortifacient Campylobacter jejuni. Vet Pathol. 2019 Jul;56(4):555-564. doi: 10.1177/0300985819833452. Epub 2019 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 30895909.</li> </ol>  Kansas State University <ol> <li>Park JB, Kim YH, Yoo Y, Kim J, Jun SH, Cho JW, El Qaidi S, Walpole S, Monaco S, García-García AA, Wu M, Hays MP, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Angulo J, Hardwidge PR, Shin JS, Cho HS. Structural basis for arginine glycosylation of host substrates by bacterial effector proteins, Nature Communications, 2018, Oct 16;9(1):4283. PMID: 30327479.</li> <li>El Qaidi S, Wu M, Zhu C, Hardwidge PR. Salmonella, E. coli, and Citrobacter type III secretion system effector proteins that alter host innate immunity, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2018 Nov 10. PMID:30411307</li> <li>Wu M, El Qaidi S, Hardwidge PR. SseL deubiquitinates RPS3 to inhibit its nuclear translocation, Pathogens, 2018 Nov 7;7(4). PMID:30405005</li> <li>Wu M, Hardwidge PR. Hsp90 interacts with the bacterial effector NleH1, Pathogens, 2018 Nov 13:7(4). PMID:30428538</li> <li>El Qaidi S, Zhu C, McDonald P, Roy A, Maity PK, Rane D, Perera C, Hardwidge PR. High-Throughput Screening for Bacterial Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018 Dec 18. PMID:30619781</li> <li>Ren W, Liao Y, Ding X, Jiang Y, Yan J, Xia Y, Tan B, Lin Z, Duan J, Jia X, Yang G, Deng J, Zhu C, Hardwidge PR, Li J, Zhu G, Yin Y. Slc6a13 deficiency promotes Th17 responses during intestinal bacterial infection. Mucosal Immunology, 2019 Mar;12(2):531-544. PMID:30523310</li> <li>El Qaidi S, Hardwidge PR. ABC cloning: an efficient, simple and rapid restriction/ligase free method for DNA cloning, MethodsX, 2019, Feb 12;6:316-321. PMID:30834197</li> <li>Oh C, Kim Y, Chang KO. Proteases facilitate the endosomal escape of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus during entry into host cells. Virus Res. 2019 Oct 15;272:197730 PubMed PMID: 31445102</li> <li>Perera KD, Rathnayake AD, Liu H, Pedersen NC, Groutas WC, Chang KO, Kim Y. Characterization of amino acid substitutions in feline coronavirus 3C-like protease from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis treated with a protease inhibitor. Vet Microbiol. 2019 Oct; 237:108398. PubMed PMID: 31585653</li> <li>Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Weerawarna PM, Rathnayake AD, Kim Y, Mehzabeen N, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Putative structural rearrangements associated with the interaction of macrocyclic inhibitors with norovirus 3CL protease. Proteins. 2019 Jul;87(7):579-587. PubMed PMID: 30883881</li> <li>Chang KO, Kim Y, Lovell S, Rathnayake AD, Groutas WC. Antiviral Drug Discovery: Norovirus Proteases and Development of Inhibitors. Viruses. 2019 Feb 25;11(2). PubMed PMCID: PMC6410195</li> <li>Perera KD, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Rathnayake AD, Honeyfield A, Groutas W, Chang KO, Kim Y. Protease inhibitors broadly effective against feline, ferret and mink coronaviruses. Antiviral Res. 2018 Dec;160:79-86. PubMed PMID: 30342822.</li> <li>Dang W, Xu L, Ma B, Chen S, Yin Y, Chang KO, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Nitazoxanide Inhibits Human Norovirus Replication and Synergizes with Ribavirin by Activation of Cellular Antiviral Response. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018 Oct 24;62(11). PubMed PMID: 30104275</li> <li>Ekong PS, Sanderson MW, Shridhar PB, Cernicchiaro N, Renter DG, Bello NM, Bai J, Nagaraja TG. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30466664">Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of culture- and PCR-based methods for the detection of six major non-O157 Escherichia coli serogroups in cattle feces.</a> Prev Vet Med. 2018 161:90-99. PMID: 30466664</li> <li>Shridhar PB, Patel IR, Gangiredla J, Noll LW, Shi X, Bai J, Nagaraja TG. 2019. DNA Microarray-based genomic characterization of the pathotypes of Escherichia coli O26, O45, O103, O111, and O145 isolated from feces of feedlot cattle. J Food Prot. 82:395-404. PMID: 30794460</li> <li>Cernicchiaro N, Oliveira ARS, Hoehn A, Cull CA, Noll LW, Shridhar PB, Nagaraja TG, Ives SE, Renter DG, Sanderson MW. 2019.<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31381377">Quantification of bacteria indicative of fecal and environmental contamination from hides to carcasses.</a> Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2019 PMID: 31381377</li> </ol>  University of Nebraska-Lincoln <ol> <li>Lu T, Seo H, Moxley RA, Zhang W. Mapping the neutralizing epitopes of F18 fimbrial adhesin subunit FedF of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Vet Microbiol. 2019 Mar;230:171-177. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.015. Epub 2019 Feb 6. PubMed PMID: 30827385.</li> <li>Lu T, Moxley RA, Zhang W. Erratum for Lu et al., "Mapping the Neutralizing Epitopes of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (F4) Fimbrial Adhesin and Major Subunit FaeG". Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019 Oct 1;85(20). pii: e01946-19. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01946-19. Print 2019 Oct 15. PubMed PMID: 31575558; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6805093.</li> </ol>  Ohio State University <ol> <li>Paim FC, Bowman AS, Miller L, Feehan BJ, Marthaler D, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Epidemiology of Deltacoronaviruses (δ-CoV) and Gammacoronaviruses (γ-CoV) in Wild Birds in the United States. Viruses. 2019 Sep 26;11(10). pii: E897. doi: 10.3390/v11100897. PubMed PMID: 31561462.</li> <li>Deblais L, Helmy YA, Kumar A, Antwi J, Kathayat D, Acuna UM, Huang H, Blanco EC de, Fuchs JR, Rajashekara G. Novel narrow spectrum benzyl thiophene sulfonamide derivatives to control Campylobacter. The Journal of Antibiotics. 2019 March 27;72:555-565.</li> <li>Chepngeno J, Diaz A, Paim FC, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Rotavirus C: prevalence in  suckling piglets and development of virus-like particles to assess the influence of maternal immunity on the disease development. Vet Res. 2019 Oct 22;50(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s13567-019-0705-4. PubMed PMID: 31640807.</li> <li>Chhabra P, de Graaf M, Parra GI, Chan MC, Green K, Martella V, Wang Q, White PA, Katayama K, Vennema H, Koopmans MPG, Vinjé J. Updated classification of norovirus genogroups and genotypes. J Gen Virol. 2019 Oct;100(10):1393-1406. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001318. PubMed PMID: 31483239.</li> <li>Esseili MA, Gao X, Boley P, Hou Y, Saif LJ, Brewer-Jensen P, Lindesmith LC, Baric RS, Atmar RL, Wang Q. Human Norovirus Histo-Blood Group Antigen (HBGA) Binding Sites Mediate the Virus Specific Interactions with Lettuce Carbohydrates. Viruses. 2019 Sep 8;11(9). pii: E833. doi: 10.3390/v11090833. PubMed PMID:31500340.</li> <li>Hou Y, Ke H, Kim J, Yoo D, Su Y, Boley P, Chepngeno J, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ, Wang Q. Engineering a Live Attenuated Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Vaccine Candidate via Inactivation of the Viral 2'-O-Methyltransferase and the Endocytosis Signal of the Spike Protein. J Virol. 2019 Jul 17;93(15). pii:e00406-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00406-19. Print 2019 Aug 1. PubMed PMID: 31118255;PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6639265.</li> <li>Hou Y, Meulia T, Gao X, Saif LJ, Wang Q. Deletion of both the Tyrosine-Based Endocytosis Signal and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Retrieval Signal in the Cytoplasmic Tail of Spike Protein Attenuates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Pigs. J Virol. 2019 Jan 4;93(2). pii: e01758-18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01758-18. Print 2019 Jan 15. PubMed PMID: 30404797; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6321913.</li> <li>Lin CM, Ghimire S, Hou Y, Boley P, Langel SN, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ, Wang Q. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus PC22A strain in conventional weaned pigs. BMC Vet Res. 2019 Jan 11;15(1):26. doi:10.1186/s12917-018-1756-x. PubMed PMID: 30634958; PubMed Central PMCID:PMC6329175.</li> <li>Su Y, Hou Y, Wang Q. The enhanced replication of an S-intact PEDV during coinfection with an S1 NTD-del PEDV in piglets. Vet Microbiol. 2019. Jan;228:202-212. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.025. Epub 2018 Nov 27. PubMed PMID: 30593369.</li> <li>Pandey K, Zhong S, Diel DG, Hou Y, Wang Q, Nelson E, Wang X. GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) plays an antiviral role against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Vet Microbiol. 2019 Sep;236:108392. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108392. Epub 2019 Aug 19. PubMed PMID: 31500725.</li> </ol> <ol start="11"> <li>Vlasova AN, Takanashi S, Miyazaki A,Rajashekara G, Saif LJ. How the gut microbiome regulates host immune responses to viral vaccines. Curr Opin Virol. 2019 Aug;37:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.05.001. Epub 2019 Jun 1. Review. PMID:31163292</li> </ol> <ol> <li>Langel SN, Paim FC, Alhamo MA, Buckley A, Van Geelen A, Lager KM, Vlasova AN,Saif LJ. Stage of Gestation at Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Pregnant Swine Impacts Maternal Immunity and Lactogenic Immune Protection of Neonatal Suckling Piglets. Front Immunol. 2019 Apr 24;10:727. PubMed PMID: 31068924.</li> <li>Hou Y, Wang Q. Emerging Highly Virulent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: Molecular Mechanisms of Attenuation and Rational Design of Live Attenuated Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 4;20(21). Review. PubMed PMID: 31689903.</li> </ol>  The University of Tennessee <ol> <li>Wang, A., J. Lin, Q. Zhong. 2019. Synergistic effects of whey protein isolate and amorphous sucrose on improving the viability and stability of powdered Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514. LWT - Food Science and Technology (In Press).</li> <li>Wang, A., J. Lin, Q. Zhong. 2019. Probiotic powders prepared by mixing suspension of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 and spray-dried lactose: microbiological and physical properties. Food Research International (In Press).</li> <li>Li, X.P., R.Y. Sun, J.Q. Song, L.X. Fang, R.M. Zhang, X.L. Lian, X.P. Liao, Y.H. Liu, J. Lin, J. Sun. 2019. Extensive within-host diversity of the colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the chicken gut microbiome. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents (In Press).</li> <li>Xu F, Hu XJ, Singh W, Geng W, Tikhonova IG, Lin J. The complex structure of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus salivarius reveals the structural basis of substrate specificity. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 27;9(1):12438. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48850-6. PubMed PMID: 31455813; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6711994.</li> <li>Liu X, Adams LJ, Zeng X, Lin J. Evaluation of in ovo vaccination of DNA vaccines for Campylobacter control in broiler chickens. Vaccine. 2019 Jun 27;37(29):3785-3792. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.082. Epub 2019 Jun 3. PubMed PMID: 31171394.</li> <li>Murphy CK, Kalve VI, Klebba PE. Surface topology of the Escherichia coli K-12 ferric enterobactin receptor. J Bacteriol. 1990 May;172(5):2736-46. PubMed PMID:  2139651; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC208919.</li> <li>Adams LJ, Zeng X, Lin J. Development and Evaluation of Two Live Salmonella-Vectored Vaccines for Campylobacter Control in Broiler Chickens. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2019 Jun;16(6):399-410. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2561. Epub 2019 Mar 13. PubMed PMID: 30864853.</li> <li>He YZ, Li XP, Miao YY, Lin J, Sun RY, Wang XP, Guo YY, Liao XP, Liu YH, Feng Y, Sun J. The ISApl1 (2) Dimer Circular Intermediate Participates in mcr-1 Transposition. Front Microbiol. 2019 Jan 22;10:15. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00015. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 30723461; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6349718.</li> <li>Gong J, Zeng X, Zhang P, Zhang D, Wang C, Lin J. Characterization of the emerging multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana strains in China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):29-39. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2018.1558961. PubMed PMID: 30866757; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6455114.</li> <li>Sang Y. Immunometabolic Links Underlying the Infectobesity with Persistent Viral Infections. Immunol. Sci. Aug, 2019; 3(4): 8-13.</li> <li>Sang Y. Shields LE, Sang RE, Si H, Pigg A, and Blecha F. Transcriptomic Analysis in Obese Rats Induced by High-Fat Diets plus an Adenoviral Infection. Int J Obes (Lond). 2019 Jan 22. doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0323-2. [Epub ahead of print]</li> <li>Jennings J, Sang Y. Porcine Interferon Complex and Co-Evolution with Increasing Viral Pressure after Domestication. Viruses. 2019 Jun 15;11(6). pii: E555. doi: 10.3390/v11060555. Review. PubMed PMID: 31208045; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6631851.</li> <li>Shields LE, Jennings J, Liu Q, Lee J, Ma W, Blecha F, Miller LC, Sang Y. Cross-Species Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Molecular and Functional Diversity of the Unconventional Interferon-ω Subtype. Front Immunol. 2019 Jun 25;10:1431. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01431. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 31293589; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6603160.</li> </ol>  University of Arkansas <ol> <li>Wang H, Latorre JD, Bansal M, Abraha M, Al-Rubaye B, Tellez-Isaias G, Hargis B, Sun X. Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid controls Clostridium perfringens-induced chicken necrotic enteritis through attenuating inflammatory cyclooxygenase signaling. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 10;9(1):14541. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51104-0. PubMed PMID: 31601882; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6787040.</li> <li>Alrubaye B, Abraha M, Almansour A, Bansal M, Wang H, Kwon YM, Huang Y, Hargis B, Sun X. Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid shapes microbiota against Campylobacter jejuni chicken colonization. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 5;14(7):e0214705. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214705. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 31276498; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6611565.</li> <li>Tomkovich S, Dejea CM, Winglee K, Drewes JL, Chung L, Housseau F, Pope JL, Gauthier J, Sun X, Mühlbauer M, Liu X, Fathi P, Anders RA, Besharati S, Perez-Chanona E, Yang Y, Ding H, Wu X, Wu S, White JR, Gharaibeh RZ, Fodor AA, Wang H, Pardoll DM, Jobin C, Sears CL. Human colon mucosal biofilms from healthy or colon cancer hosts are carcinogenic. J Clin Invest. 2019 Mar 11;130:1699-1712. doi: 10.1172/JCI124196. eCollection 2019 Mar 11. PubMed PMID: 30855275; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6436866.</li> <li>Pope JL, Yang Y, Newsome RC, Sun W, Sun X, Ukhanova M, Neu J, Issa JP, Mai V, Jobin C. Microbial Colonization Coordinates the Pathogenesis of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Infant Isolate. Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 4;9(1):3380. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39887-8. PubMed PMID: 30833613; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6399262.</li> <li>Sun X and Wang H. A new, economical, and easy protocol to culture 3D mouse hepatoid and cholangoid. International Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2019 1 (1), 07-11.</li> </ol>    Book Chapters Ohio State University <ol> <li>Saif, L.J., Wang Q., Vlasova, A.N., Jung K., Shao, X. Coronaviruses. In: Zimmerman, J. J., Zhang, J. (11th Ed.), Diseases of Swine. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA. (written in 2016, published in 2019)</li> </ol>   Non-Refereed Articles University of Nebraska-Lincoln <ol> <li>Moxley, R. A. 2019. Progress in STEC control: the USDA-NIFA STEC Coordinated Agricultural Project. Food Safety Magazine, Vol. 25(2) (April/May), pp. 28-32.</li> </ol>   Research Presentations with Published Abstracts Iowa State University <ol> <li>Orhan Sahin, Victoria Lashley, Michael Yaeger, Zuowei Wu, Melda Ocal, Paul Plummer, Qijing Zhang. 2019. Development of an experimental challenge model for Campylobacter jejuni induced abortion in sheep. Oral presentation at CHRO Conference Meeting, September 8-11, 2019, Belfast, Northern Ireland.</li> <li>Zuowei Wu, Orhan Sahin, Changyun Xu, Ashenafi Beyi, Michael Yaeger, Paul Plummer, Melda Meral Ocal, Qijing Zhang. Efficacy of commercial Campylobacter vaccines and experimental bacterin in protecting sheep from Campylobacter jejuni induced abortion. Poster Presentation at ASM Microbe conference meeting, June 20-24, 2019, San Francisco, CA.</li> <li>Zuowei Wu, Orhan Sahin, Changyun Xu, Ashenafi Beyi, Michael Yaeger, Paul Plummer, Melda Meral Ocal, Qijing Zhang. Efficacy of commercial Campylobacter vaccines and experimental bacterin in protecting sheep from Campylobacter jejuni induced abortion. Poster Presentation at ASM Microbe conference meeting, June 20-24, 2019, San Francisco, CA.</li> <li>Samantha Wilson, Debora Goulart, Ashenafi Beyi, Mehmet Adiguzel, Renee Dewell, Grant Dewell, Orhan Sahin, Paul Plummer, and Qijing Zhang. Effect of danofloxacin treatment on development of fluoroquinolone resistant Campylobacter jejuni in cattle. Poster presentation at CVM Summer Scholars Research Day, Iowa State University, August 9, 2019, Ames, IA.</li> <li>Tyler J. Hawbecker, Ashenafi F. Beyi, Clare Slagel, Brandon Ruddell, Alan J. Hassall, Renee Dewell , Grant Dewell, Orhan Sahin, Qijing Zhang, and Paul J. Plummer. Impact of fluoroquinolone treatment on the gastrointestinal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in calves. Poster presentation at CVM Summer Scholars Research Day, Iowa State University, August 9, 2019, Ames, IA.</li> </ol> Kansas State University <ol> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Great Plains Infectious Disease Meeting, Lawrence, KS, November 2018.</li> <li>Remfry, SE., et al. Kansas City One Health Day, Olathe, KS, November 2018.</li> <li>Atobatele, M., et al. Kansas City One Health Day, Olathe, KS, November 2018.</li> <li>Remfry, SE., et al. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 2018.</li> <li>Atobatele, M., et al. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 2018.</li> <li>Remfry, SE., et al. Phi-Zeta Research Day, Manhattan, KS, March 2019.</li> <li>Hancock, S., et al. Phi-Zeta Research Day, Manhattan, KS, March 2019.</li> <li>Atobatele, M., et al. Phi-Zeta Research Day, Manhattan, KS, March 2019.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia, May 2019.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. 13th Vaccine Congress, Bangkok, Thailand, September 2019.</li> </ol>  University of Nebraska-Lincoln <ol> <li>Moxley RA. Culture-based detection of non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: can further improvements be made? Proceedings of the 100th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, November 2-5, 2019, invited oral presentation, abstract 72.</li> <li>Lu T, Moxley RA, Zhang W. GM1-binding fimbriae-toxoid MEFA of ETEC for a broadly protective vaccine against porcine post-weaning diarrhea (PWD). Proceedings of the 100th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, November 2-5, 2019, oral presentation, abstract 192.</li> <li>Li, XP, Hinenoya A, Zeng X, Sahin O, Moxley RA, Logue C, Yamasaki S, Lin J. Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic human pathogen in the United States. Proceedings of the 100th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, November 2-5, 2019, oral presentation, abstract 224.</li> </ol>  Ohio State University <ol> <li>Langel, S.N., Vlasova, A.N., Chimelo Paim, F., Alhamo, M.A., Lager, K., Saif, L.J. 2019. Vitamin A supplementation of PEDV infected gilts enhances IgA and lactogenic immune protection of nursing piglets. CRWAD, 2019, November 2-5, Chicago, IL.</li> <li>Guo, Y., Candelero-Rueda, R.A., Saif, L.J., Vlasova, A.N. 2019. Histo-blood group antigens determine rotavirus replication efficiency in porcine small intestinal enteroids.</li> <li>Tomoichiro Oka, Hiroyuki Saito, Takayuki Kobayashi, Tomoko Takahashi, Takashi Shimoike, Michiyo Kataoka, Qiuhong Wang, Linda J. Saif, Mamoru Noda, Hirotaka Takagi. Cell culture trials for human sapoviruses. The 7th International Calicivirus Conference” in Sydney, Australia from October 13 – October 16, 2019.</li> <li>Malak A. Esseili1, Xiang Gao, Patricia Boley, Yixuan Hou, Linda J. Saif, Paul Brewer-Jensen, Lisa Lindesmith, Ralph S. Baric, Robert L. Atmar, Mary K. Estes and Qiuhong Wang. Human norovirus HBGA binding pocket mediates the virus specific interactions with lettuce carbohydratesThe 7th International Calicivirus Conference” in Sydney, Australia from October 13 – October 16, 2019.</li> <li>Qiuhong Wang, Linda J Saif, Yixuan Hou, Chun-Ming Lin, Thavamathi Annamalai. Molecular attenuation mechanisms of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in pigs. The 100th Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago, IL. Nov. 2-4, 2019.</li> <li>Qiuhong Wang. Rational design of attenuated vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. The 100th Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago, IL. Nov. 2-4, 2019.</li> <li>Mekonnen, Y.T., Deblais, , Ghanem, M., Mohamed, Y., Chen, D., Singh, N., Ahyong, V., Kalantar, K., Yimer, G., Hassen, J.Y., Mohammed, A., McKune, S., Manary, M., Ordiz, I., Gebreyes, W., Havelaar, A., Rajashekara, G. Campylobacter species diversity in children and livestock in eastern Ethiopia. CRWAD 2019, November 2-5th, Chicago, IL.</li> </ol>  The University of Tennessee <ol> <li>Lin, J. 2019. Sustainability and safety of animal agriculture: emerging threats and innovative solutions. The First Symposium on Plant/Animal Health and Quality/Safety of Agro-Products. Ningbo, China, November 16-18, 2019.</li> <li>Li, X.P., A. Hinenoya, X. Zeng, O. Sahin, R. A. Moxley, C. M. Logue, S. Yamasaki, J. Lin. 2019. Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic human pathogen in the United States. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. November 2-5, Chicago</li> <li>Wang, H., and J. Lin. 2019. Enterobactin-specific antibodies: a novel tug-of-war weapon against Gram-negative pathogens. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. November 2-5, Chicago</li> <li>Lin, J., X. Zeng, C.M.Logue, N. L. Barbieri, L.K. Nolan. 2019. Enterobactin-based immune intervention to control colibacillosis in poultry. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. November 2-5, Chicago</li> <li>Zeng, X., H. Wang, C. Huang, and J. Lin. 2019. Innovative enterobactin-specific egg yolk antibodies for prevention and control of Campylobacter infections. 20th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms. Sep 8-11, Belfast, Northern Ireland.</li> <li>Wang, H., J. Lin. 2019. A novel enterobactin conjugate vaccine induces high level of lipocalin-like antibodies for control of Gram-negative pathogens. American Society for Microbiology KY/TN Annual Conference. April 26-27, Nashville, TN.</li> <li>Wang, A., J. Lin, and Q. Zhong. 2019. Synergetic effects of whey protein isolate and amorphous sucrose on improving the viability and stability of powdered Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514. Institute of Food and Technology Meeting, New Orleans, LA, June 2-5, 2019.</li> <li>Wang, A., J. Lin, and Q. Zhong. 2019. Spray-coating as a novel strategy to supplement broiler feed pellets with probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514. . Institute of Food and Technology Meeting, New Orleans, LA, June 2-5, 2019.</li> </ol>  University of Arkansas <ol> <li>Increased ileal deoxycholic acid levels were associated with reduced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. M. Bansal, R. Liyanage, M. Abraha, A. Almansour, H. Wang, A. Gupta, B. Hargis, and X. Sun. Poult. Sci. 98(E-Suppl. 1). 94</li> <li>Microbiota metabolite deoxycholic acid-modulated anaerobes attenuate chicken transmission-exacerbated campylobacteriosis in Il10−/− mice. X. Sun, H. Wang, B. Alrubaye, M. Abraha, A. Almansour, and M. Bansal. Poult. Sci. 98(E-Suppl. 1). 203</li> <li>Dietary deoxycholic acid reduces necrotic enteritis and modifies bile acid composition. M. Bansal, A. Almansour, H. Wang, A. Gupta, B.M. Hargis, X. Sun, M. Abraha, R. Liyanage. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. p72.</li> <li>DCA-modulated anaerobes attenuate chicken transmission-exacerbated campylobacteriosis in Il10-/- mice. Y. Fu, H. Wang, X. Sun, M. Abraha, A.M. Almansour, B. Alrubaye, M. Bansal. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. P91.</li> <li>Immunomodulatory effect of butyrate on chicken macrophage cell line in presence of Salmonella Enteritidis. M. Bansal, A. Gupta, X. Sun, A. Upadhyay, N.C. Rath, A. Donoghue. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. P110.</li> <li>Modulating microbiota and metabolome to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chickens. M. Abraha, B. Alrubaye, M. Bansal, H. Wang, B.M. Hargis, X. Sun, A.M. Almansour. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. P129.</li> <li>An anaerobic microbiota increases broiler chicken growth performance. M. Abraha, H. Wang, A. Gupta, B. Hargis, X. Sun, M. Bansal, A.M. Almansour. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. P147.</li> <li>Campylobacter jejuni growth in the presence of various bile acids. T. Alenezi, H. Wang, Y. Fu, X. Sun, M. Abraha, A.M. Almansour, M. Bansal. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. P177.</li> <li>Dietary deoxycholate modifies chicken intestinal bile acid and reduces Campylobacter jejuni colonization. R. Liyanage, B. Alrubaye, A. Almansour, H. Wang, Y. Fu, A. Gupta, X. Sun, M. Abraha, T. Alenezi, M. Bansal. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. P224.</li> <li>Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid prevents chicken necrotic enteritis as antibiotic alternative. H. Wang, D. Graham, B. Hargis, X. Sun, M. Abraha, A.M. Almansour, M. Bansal. CRWAD Proceedings. 2019. P266.</li> </ol>  University of Wyoming <ol> <li>Broten CJ, Wydallis JB, Reilly T III, Bisha B. Colorimetric Detection of Clostridum perfringens in a Model Meat System Using Paper-Based Microfluidics. International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 21 - July 24, 2019, Louisville, KY.</li> <li>Colavecchio A, Chandler J, Bisha B, Coleman S, Emond-Rheault J, Hamel J, Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Levesque R, Fanning S, Goodridge LD. Phage-like Plasmids Transfer Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes by Transduction, Transformation and Conjugation. International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 21 - July 24, 2019, Louisville, KY.</li> <li>Chandler J, Hamel J, Emond-Rheault J-G, Boyele B, Aljasir S, Shriner S, Root J, Mooers N, Bentler K, Ellis J, Russell M, Robeson M, Goodridge L, Franklin A, Lévesque R, Bisha B. Oceanobacillus spp., Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface. American Society for Microbiology Microbe. June 20 - June 24, 2019, San Francisco, CA.</li> <li>Bisha B, Blouin N, Bono J, Franklin A, Goodridge L, Root J, Shriner S, Chandler J. Oceanobacillus spp., Wildlife Sources of Antimicrobial Resistance in Agricultural Production. American Society for Microbiology Microbe. June 20 - June 24, 2019, San Francisco, CA.</li> <li>Lindsey B, Rowley C, Young B, DeWolf E, Bisha B. Machine Leaning Approaches for Improved MALDI-ToF MS Identification of Foodborne Bacteria. American Society for Microbiology Microbe. June 20 - June 24, 2019, San Francisco, CA.</li> </ol>   Research Presentations without Published Abstracts Ohio State University <ol> <li>Qiuhong Wang. Norovirus in fresh produce. OHIO PRODUCE GROWERS & MARKETERS ASSOCIATION. January 16-17, 2019 - Embassy Suites (5100 Upper Metre Place Dublin, OH 43017).</li> <li>Qiuhong Wang. Study the molecular attenuation mechanisms of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus for rational design of effective vaccines. South Dakoda State University. Feb. 22, 2019.</li> <li>Qiuhong Wang. Study the molecular attenuation mechanisms of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus for rational design of effective vaccines (in Chinese). Guangxi Veterinary Institute and Guangxi University. March 28, 2019.</li> </ol>  Kansas State University <ol> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Ag Biosecurity and Biodefense Consortium, Nebraska City, NE, October 2018.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. NC-1202 Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, December 2018.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Biodiversity Conservation and Tropical Disease Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam, December 2018.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Hung Vuong University, Viet Tri, Vietnam, December 2018.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, December 2018.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Biodiversity Conservation and Tropical Disease Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam, March 2019.</li> <li>Hardwidge, PR. Ringpu Biopharmacy, Tianjin, China, March 2019.</li> <li>Remfry, SE., et al. College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX April 2019.</li> <li>Atobatele, M., et al. BugAPalooza, Manhattan, KS, April 2019.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

University of Wyoming Enhanced diagnostics of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne bacteria via the utilization of mass spectrometry and enhanced data analysis tools.

Date of Annual Report: 01/22/2021

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/05/2020 - 12/05/2020
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2020 - 12/01/2020

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attached file below for NC1202's 2020 annual report.

Minutes Attachment:

NC1202 annual report (final).pdf

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 01/10/2022

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/04/2021 - 12/04/2021
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2021 - 12/31/2021