NC_old246: Ecology and Management of Arthropods in Corn

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[10/28/2016] [05/22/2017] [04/11/2018] [05/08/2019] [04/02/2020]

Date of Annual Report: 10/28/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/25/2016 - 01/28/2016
Period the Report Covers: 01/31/2015 - 12/31/2016

Participants

See attached list

Participants Attachment:

NC246.annual meeting participants.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

See attached file for NC246's meeting minutes.

Minutes Attachment:

NC246 Minutes 2016 meeting.pdf

Accomplishments

Participants presented research and extension data at over 150 meetings, and reaching over 5,000 participants [these are conservative estimates based on state reports and averages for extension faculty] Chuck Mason’s Book: “EUROPEAN CORN BORER: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER CORN PESTS” co-authored with many NC-205 members (now members of NC246) was available as a PDF. Dr. Chris DiFonzo published the latest update to the Handy Bt-Trait Table (<a href="http://www.msuent.com/assets/pdf/28BtTraitTable2016.pdf">http://www.msuent.com/assets/pdf/28BtTraitTable2016.pdf</a>). This is a tool that many NC246 participants use for extension training and is an important general reference for industry, scientists and growers. Participants developed various extension videos for corn insect scouting such as (Scouting for Corn Rootworm, Evaluating Corn Roots, Early-season below ground corn insect pests, Early-season corn insect pests, Mid-season corn insect pests, and Late-season corn insect pests).

Publications

PUBLICATIONS (2015-2016) 2015 <ol> <li>Andow, D.A., S.G. Pueppke, A.W. Schaafsma, A.J. Gassman, T.W. Sappington, L.J. Meinke, P.D. Mitchell, T.M. Hurley, R.L. Hellmich, and R.P. Porter. 2015. Early Detection and Mitigation of Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology Forthcoming.</li> <li>Cheng Y, Wang K, Sappington TW, Luo L, Jiang X. 2015. Response of reproductive traits and longevity of beet webworm to temperature, and implications for migration. Journal of Insect Science 15(1): 154.</li> <li>Chu, C.-C., J.A. Zavala, J.L. Spencer, M.J. Curzi, C.J. Fields, J. Drnevich, B.D. Siegfried and M.J. Seufferheld. 2015. Patterns of differential gene expression in adult rotation-resistant and wild-type western corn rootworm digestive tracts. Evolutionary Applications. 8(7):692-704.</li> <li>Cissel WJ, Mason CE, Whalen J, Hough-Goldstein J, Hooks CR.2015. Effects of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding Injury on Sweet Corn Yield and Quality. J Econ Entomol.</li> <li>Coates BS, Poelchau M, Childers C, Evans JD, Handler A, Guerrero F, Skoda S, Hopper K, Wintermantel WM, Ling KS, Hunter WB, Oppert B, Perez de Leon AA, Hackett K, Shoemaker D. 2015. Arthropod genomics research in the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service:  Current impacts and future prospects.  Trends in Entomology 11:1-27.</li> <li>Coates BS, Siegfried BD. 2015. Linkage of an ABC transporter to a single QTL that controls Ostrinia nubilalis larval resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Fa toxin. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 63: 86-96.</li> <li>Coates BS.  2015. Horizontal transfer of a non-autonomous Helitron among insect and viral genomes. BMC Genomics 16: 137.</li> <li>Da Silva K.F., Spencer T.A., Camargo Gil C., Siegfried B.D., and. F.S. Walters. 2015Impact of Spodoptera frugiperda Neonate Pretreatment Conditions on Vip3Aa19 Insecticidal Protein Activity and  Laboratory Bioassay Variation. Pest. Manag. Sci. DOI: 10.1002/ps.4175.</li> <li>Dangal V. and F. Huang. 2015. Fitness costs of Cry1F resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), collected from Puerto Rico and Florida. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 127:81-86.</li> <li>Flagel LE, Swarup S, Chen M, Bauer C, Wanjugi H, Carroll M, Hill P, Tuscan M, Bansal R, Flannagan R, Clark TL, Michel AP, Head GP, Goldman BS. 2015. Genetic markers for western corn rootworm resistance to Bt toxin. G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics. 5(3):399-405.</li> <li>Frank, D.L., R. Kurtz, N.A. Tinsley, A.J. Gassmann, L.J. Meinke, D. Mollenbeck, M.E. Gray, L.W. Bledsoe, C.H. Krupke, R.E. Estes, P. Weber and B.E. Hibbard.  2015. Effect of Seed Blends and Soil-Insecticide on Western and Northern Corn Rootworm Emergence from mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab Bt Maize. Journal of Economic Entomology. 108:1260-1270. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov081.</li> <li>Gaspar, A.P., P.D. Mitchell, and S.P. Conley. 2015. Economic Risk and Profitability of Soybean Seed Treatments at Reduced Seeding Rates. Crop Science 55:924-933.</li> <li>Gray, M.E. and J.L. Spencer. 2015. Western corn rootworm: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) resistance to Bt maize and crop rotation: management challenges and opportunities. Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society; Antenna: ECE Special Edition. 39:100-101.</li> <li>Hanson, A. A., R. D. Moon, R. J. Wright, T. E. Hunt, and W. D. Hutchison. 2015. Degree-day prediction models for the flight phenology of western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) assessed with the concordance correlation coefficient. J. Econ. Entomol. 1–11</li> <li>Hitchon AJ, Smith JL, French BW, Schaafsma AW. 2015. Impact of the Bt Corn Proteins Cry34/35Ab1 and Cry3Bb1, Alone or Pyramided, on Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Beetle Emergence in the Field. J Econ Entomol.</li> <li>Huang, F., M. Chen, A. Gowdab, T.L. Clark, B.C. McNulty, F. Yang, and Y. Niu. 2015. Identification, inheritance, and fitness costs of Cry2Ab2 resistance in a field-derived population of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 130: 116.</li> <li>Hughson, S.A. and J.L. Spencer. 2015. Emergence and abundance of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bt cornfields with structured and seed blend refuges. J. of Economic Entomology. 108(1):114-125. doi: 10.1093/jee/tou029. Article first published online: 21 JAN</li> <li>Hurley, T., and P. Mitchell. Value of Insect Pest Management to U.S. and Canadian Corn, Soybean and Canola Farmers. AAEA Conference Paper, July 2015. Online: http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/205129/2/AAEA%20Neonic%20Selected%20Paper%202015.pdf.</li> <li>Khajuria C., Vélez A.M., Rangasamy M., Wang H., Fishilevich E., Frey M.L.F., Portilho Carneiro N., Gandra P., Narva K.E. and B.D. Siegfried.  2015. Parental RNA interference of genes involved in embryonic development of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 63: 54-62.</li> <li>Levy RC, Kozak GM, Wadsworth C, Coates BS, Dopman EB.  2015. Explaining the sawtooth: Latitudinal periodicity in a circadian gene correlates with shifts in generation number. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 28(1):40-53.</li> <li>Li H., Khajuria C., Rangasamy M., Gandra P., Fitter M., Geng C., Woosely A., Hasler J., Schulenberg G., Worden S., McEwan R., Evans C., Siegfried B. and K.E. Narva. 2015.  Long dsRNA but not siRNA initiates RNAi in western corn rootworm larva and adults. J. Appl. Entomol. 139: 432-445.</li> <li>Mitchell, P.D.  2015.  An Economic Assessment of the Benefits of Nitroguanidine Neonicotinoid Insecticides in the United States and Canada.  AgInfomatics Research Report, Madison, WI (35 p).  Online: http://growingmatters.org/studies/.</li> <li>Pannuti, L.E.R., E.L.L. Baldin, T. E. Hunt, and S. V. Paula-Moraes. 2015. On-Plant Larval Movement and Feeding Behavior of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Reproductive Corn Stages. Environmental Entomology,</li> <li>Pereira A., Wang H., Zukoff S., Meinke L.J., French B.W. and B.D. Siegfried. 2015. Evidence of Field-Evolved Resistance to Bifenthrin in Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) Populations in Western Nebraska and Kansas. PLoS ONE. 10(11): e0142299. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142299.</li> <li>Reisig, D. D., and F. P. F. Reay-Jones. 2015. Inhibition of Helicoverpa zea growth by transgenic corn expressing Bt toxins and development of resistance to Cry1Ab. Environ. Entomol. 44(4):1275-85.</li> <li>Reisig, D. D., D. S. Akin, R. T. Bessin, M. J. Brewer, D. G. Buntin, A. L. Catchot, D. Cook, K. L. Flanders, F.- N. Huang, D. W. Johnson, B. R. Leonard, P. J. McLeod, R. P. Porter, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, K. V. Tindall, S. D. Stewart, N. N. Troxclair, R. R. Youngman, and M. E. Rice. 2015. Lepidoptera (Crambidae, Noctuidae, and Pyralidae) injury on corn containing pure single and pyramided Bt traits and non-Bt hybrids compared to a refuge blend with non-Bt and pyramided Bt hybrids, in the southern United States. J. Econ. Entomol. 108: 157-165.</li> <li>Schaafsma A, Limay-Rios V, Baute T, Smith J, Xue Y (2015) Neonicotinoid Insecticide Residues in Surface Water and Soil Associated with Commercial Maize (Corn) Fields in Southwestern Ontario. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0118139.</li> <li>Smith JL, Baute TS, Mason CE 2015. Pheromone races of Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infesting grain corn in Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec provinces of Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 146: 41-49.</li> <li>Tabashnik, B.E., M. Zhang, J.A. Fabrick, Y. Wu, M. Gao, F. Huang, J. Wei1, J. Zhang, A. Yelich, G.C. Unnithan, A. Bravo, M. Soberón, Y. Carrière, and X. Li. 2015. Dual mode of action of Bt proteins: protoxin efficacy against resistant insects. Scientific Reports. 5:15107, DOL:10.1038/srep15107.</li> <li>Tinsley N.A., Estes R.E., Schrader P.M., and M.E. Gray. 2015. Evaluating multiple approaches for managing western corn rootworm larvae with seed blends. J. Appl. Entomol. 139: 76–86 (DOI: 10.1111/JEN.12134).</li> <li>Tinsley, N.A., J.L. Spencer, R.E. Estes, J.R. Prasifka, P.M. Schrader, B.W. French, and M.E. Gray. 2015. Larval mortality and development for rotation-resistant and rotation-susceptible populations of western corn rootworm on Bt corn.  J. of Applied Entomology. 139:46-54. Article first published online 21 JUL 2014.  doi: 10.1111/jen.12149.</li> <li>Tinsley, N.A., P.D. Mitchell, R.J. Wright, L.J. Meinke, R.E. Estes and M.E. Gray (in press). Estimation of efficacy functions for products used to manage corn rootworm larval injury. Journal of Applied Entomology. Article first published online: 18 NOV 2015.  DOI: 10.1111/jen.12276</li> <li>Vellichirammal NN, Wang H, Eyun S, Moriyama E, Coates BS, Miller NJ, Siegfried BD. 2015Transcriptional analysis of susceptible and resistant European corn borer strains and their response to Cry1F protoxin. BMC Genomics 16: 558.</li> <li>Wangila, D. S., A. J. Gassmann, J. L. Petzold-Maxwell, B. W. French, and L. J. Meinke. 2015. Susceptibility of Nebraska western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations to Bt corn events.  J. Econ. Entomol. 108: 742-751.</li> <li>Xue Y, Limay-Rios V, Smith J, Baute T, Forero LG, Schaafsma A. 2015. Quantifying Neonicotinoid Insecticide Residues Escaping during Maize Planting with Vacuum Planters. Environ Sci Technol.</li> <li>Yang, F., D. Kerns, and F. Huang. 2015. Refuge-in-the-bag strategy for managing insect resistance to Bt maize. Outlook. Pest manag. 26: 226-228.</li> <li>Yang, F., D.L. Kerns, B.R. Leonard, I. Oyediran, T. Burd, Y. Niu, and F. Huang. 2015. Performance of Agrisure®VipteraTM3111 corn againstHelicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in seed mixed plantings. Crop Prot. 69: 77-82.</li> <li>Zhang TT, Coates BS, Ge X, Bai S, He K, Wang Z. 2015. Male- and female-biased gene expression of olfactory related genes in the antennae of the Asian corn borer (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). PLoS One 10(6):e0128550.</li> <li>Zhu, Y-C., C.A. Blanco, M. Portilla, J. Adamczyk, R. Luttrell, and F. Huang. 2015. Evidence of multiple/cross resistance development to Bt and organophosphate insecticides in Puerto Rico population of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Pesti. Biochem. Physiol. 122:15-21.</li> </ol> 2016: <ol> <li>Coates BS, Alves A, Wang H, Zhou X, Nowatski T, Chen H, Rangasamy M, Robertson HM, Whitfield CW, Walden KK, Kachman SD, French BW, Meinke LJ, Hawethorne D, Abel CA, Sappington TW, Seigfried BD, Miller NJ. 2016. Genetic mapping and functional genomics link a carboxyesterase with organophosphate resistance in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Insect Molecular Biology 25(1):1-15.</li> <li>Estes, R.E., N.A. Tinsley and M.E. Gray. 2016. Evaluation of soil-applied insecticides with Bt maize for managing corn rootworm larval injury. Journal of Applied Entomology. 140:19-27. doi: 10.1111/jen.12233</li> <li>Huesing, J.E., Andres, D., Braverman, M.P., Burns, A., Felsot A. S., Harrigan, G.G., Hellmich, R.L., Reynolds, A., Shelton, A.M., Jansen van Rijssen, W., Morris, E.J., and Eloff, J. N. 2016. Global Adoption of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops: Challenges for the Public Sector. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05116.</li> <li>Li G, Reisig D, Miao J, Gould F, Huang F, Feng H (2016) Frequency of Cry1F Non-Recessive Resistance Alleles in North Carolina Field Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS ONE 11(4): e0154492.</li> <li>Limay-Rios, V., Forero, L. G., Xue, Y., Smith, J., Baute, T. and Schaafsma, A. (2016), Neonicotinoid insecticide residues in soil dust and associated parent soil in fields with a history of seed treatment use on crops in southwestern Ontario. Environ Toxicol Chem, 35: 303–310.</li> <li>Oyedirana, I., G. Dively, F. Huang, and T. Burd. 2016. Evaluation of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larval movement and survival in structured and seed blend refuge plantings. Crop Prot. 81:145-153.</li> <li>Poelchau M, Coates BS, Childers CP, Perez de Leon AA, Evans JD, Hackett K, Shoemaker D. 2016. Agricultural applications of insect ecological genomics. Current Opinions in Insect Science 13:61-69.</li> <li>Schaafsma, A., Limay-Rios, V., Xue, Y., Smith, J. and Baute, T. (2016), Field-scale examination of neonicotinoid insecticide persistence in soil as a result of seed treatment use in commercial maize (corn) fields in southwestern Ontario. Environ Toxicol Chem, 35: 295–302.</li> <li>Tinsley, N., P. Mitchell, R. Wright, L. Meinke, R. Estes, M. Gray. 2016. Estimation of Efficacy Functions for Products Used to Manage Corn Rootworm Larval Injury.  Journal of Applied Entomology (in press).</li> <li>Vélez A.M., Jursenski J., Matz N., Zhou, J. Wang H., Ellis M., and B.D. Siegfried. 2016. Developing an in vivo toxicity assay for RNAi risk assessment in honey bees, Apis mellifera L. to dietary RNAi. Chemosphere. 144: 1083-1090.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

Corn Earworm life history on Bt-corn. Impact Statement: Estimations of biological characteristics of corn earworm on Bt maize are needed to detect the first instances of resistance. This is the first study to show differences among growth characteristics for Helicoverpa zea when collected from corn hybrids expressing Cry1Ab in the field. Furthermore, this is the first study to show a decrease in pupal weight for Helicoverpa zea when collected from corn hybrids expressing Cry1F in the field.

Date of Annual Report: 05/22/2017

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/22/2017 - 01/25/2017
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2015 - 09/30/2016

Participants

Blanco, Carlos (carlos.a.blanco@aphis.usda.gov) USDA-APHIS-PPQ
Buntin, David (gbuntin@uga.edu) University of Georgia
Coates, Brad (brad.coates@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS
DiFonzo, Chris (difonzo@msu.edu) Michigan State University
French, Wade (wade.french@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS
Fuller, Billy (billy.fuller@sdstate.edu) South Dakota State University
Gassmann, Aaron (aaronjg@iastate.edu) Iowa State University
Hibbard, Bruce (bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS
Hiltpold, Ivan (hiltpold@udel.edu) University of Delaware
Hofman, Camila (cdiveirahofman@gmail.com) University of Nebraska
Hunt, Tom (thunt2@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Hurley, Terry (tmh@umn.edu) University of Minnesota
Hutchison, Bill (hutch002@umn.edu) University of Minnesota
Jensen, Bryon (bmjenseI@wisc.edu) University of Wisconsin
Kesheimer, Katelyn (katelyn.kesheimer@ag.tamu.edu) Texas A&M
Krupke, Christian (ckrupke@purdue.edu) Purdue
Ludwick, Dalton (delmrd@mail.missouri.edu) University of Missouri
Martinez, Jeannette (jeanette.martinez@epa.gov) EPA
Mason, Charles (mason@udel.edu) University of Delaware
McCornack, Brian (mccornac@ksu.edu) Kansas State University
McManus, Brad (bradly.mcmanus@sdstate.edu) South Dakota State University
McMechan, Justin (justin.mcmechan@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Meinke, Lance (lmeinke1@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Michel, Andrew (michel70@osu.edu) Ohio State University
Miller, Nicholas (nmiller11@iit.edu) Illinois Tech
Montezano, Deia (deiagm@gmail.com) University of Nebraska
Periera, Adriano (perieraa@missouri.edu) University of Missouri
Peterson, Julie (julie.peterson@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Phuang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcent.lsu.edu) Louisiana State University
Pilcher, Clint (clint.pilcher@pioneer.com) Pioneer
Porter, Pat (p-porter@tamu.edu) Texas A&M
Ravlin, Bill (ravlin@msu.edu) Michigan State University
Reinders, Jordan (jordan.reinders3@gmail.com) University of Nebraska
Rice, Marlin (marlin.rice@syngenta.com) Syngenta
Schaafsma, Art (aschaafs@uoguelph.edu) University of Guelph
Sethi, Amit (amit.sethi@pioneer.com) Pioneer
Sheilds, Elson (es28@cornell.edu) Cornell
Smith, Jocelyn (jocelyn.smith@uoguleph.ca) University of Guelph
Spencer, Joseph (spencer1@illinois.edu) University of Illinois
Springborn, Fred (springb2@msu.edu) Michigan State University
Tilmon, Kelly (Tilmon.1@osu.edu) Ohio State University
Velez, Ana (avelezarango2@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Weber, Patrich (pjweber@iastate.edu) Iowa State University
Wright, Bob (rwright2@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Zhao, Zinxiao (zzhao@mail.missouri.edu) University of Missouri
Zukoff, Sarah (snzukoff@ksu.edu) Kansas State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

NC246 : Ecology and Management of Arthropods in Corn

Brief summary of minutes of annual meeting:

Monday, January 22 (8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.): Below-ground corn insects emphasis

8:00 Welcome and introductions: Joe Spencer and Brad Coates.

Local Arrangements Update by Sarah Zukoff.

Time & place committee: Sarah Zukof, Chuck Mason, and Pat Porter

Nominations committee. Bruce Hibbard, Christian Krupke, and Lance Meinke

-2018: Andy Michel (Chair), Brad Coates (Vise-Chair), Julie Peterson (Secretary).

-2019: Brad Coates (Chair), Julie Peterson (Vise-Chair), TBD in 2018 (Secretary)

William Ravlin, Michigan State University, new committee advisor

Impact statements: add to state report.

8:45 Begin State Reports:

DE & GA presented: IL: burlese funnel collection efficiency increase with no bulb, soybean spraying for rotation-resistant WCR control. Female WCR dispersal data.

9:30 Break

9:45 New York native entomopathogenic nematodes & CRW control – Elson Shields

Control of WCR by nematodes equivalent to Bt

10:00 State reports for IN: high beetle numbers compared to 2015; IA: non-target RNAi study. Virus identified from CRW. Genome and transcriptome progress reports; KS low WCR populations; KY: none; MN possible Cry34/35 field failures.

12:00 Lunch

1:30 State reports for MO: WCR on 1^st year corn. Resistance to Bt toxin on diet and plant bioassays. Microbiome & diet formulation projects. NE: WCR population high & RNAi no effect on honeybee & conservation plantings in pivot ends. Cry3Bb1 resistance reported. Cadherin gene not involved in Cry 34/35 binding. NY: draught in 2016 & low WCR. SD: high NCR numbers.

3:00 Break

3:20 State reports for OH: Invasive Asiatic garden beetle impacting early planted corn, causing poor emergence and stunting. WI: WCR high in North & more NCR compared to WCR.

5:00 Adjourn

Tuesday, January 24 (8:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon): Below-ground corn insects emphasis

8:00 Nominations committee report: Lance Meinke nominated Julie Peterson as acting secretary, Tom Hunt seconded, and the motion passed.

Time and Place Committee report. Chuck Mason nominated Williamsburg, VA, Williamsburg Woodlands Hotel and Suites; nearest airports Newport News. Dominic Reisig local arrangements. Billy Fuller moves for vote. Vote passed

Registration Fee set at $150

Discussed modification of meeting time. Chuck Mason motioned to merge above and below ground focus & change start time to Tuesday mornings. Pat Porter 2^nd, and motion passed.

8:25 Administrator’s report. Dr. Bill Ravlin. Michigan State University.

Budget Hatch Act, group looking into impacts. National Inventory of Infrastructure.

8:40 A brief non-technical update from Elson Shields. Chris Difonzo and Pat Porter NC246 2017 Golden Wildebeest award recipients.

8:30 Carlos Blanco: Insect import-export permits.

Interprets regulations but need feedback from researchers what is needed. Steps involved in permitting process. Can add related papers to indicate that WCR are already resistant in a state when transporting to another state. WCR to work in lab will be granted. WCR resistant research will need risk assessment of facilities. WCR variant cannot be moved to an area where it does not exist. APHIS can overrule state officials, conditions are drafted based on state recommendations. Discussions on conditions can be had to request modifications. Inspections will be needed if containment is in conditions. Can add insects to existing permits.

He requires documentation to support removal of variant from regulations.

WCR resistant. Cannot have any field release nor share with colleagues.

Distinction between non-diapause WCR and wildtype.

8:55 Bill Fuller: $950 reserve funds for Sioux Falls meeting. No mechanism for saving reserve funds. Transfer to Texas A&M to add with reserve funds from San Antonio.

Chemical selector, diagnostic guides. Data maps from contributed sampling data. Challenges passing the use of this through Administration; response to grower needs.

9:15 myFields.info project – Bryan McCornack

Pest, weed and disease information. Field management guides are now archived and searchable. Registered users get customized content based on geographic region.

9:30 Break

9:45 Discussion: Finding common ground in pest management messaging – Christian Krupke proposed discussion.

Possible mechanisms: Separate committee to decide on objectives: Impacts not outcomes.

Committee to work with Industry to resolve resistance response/triggers. Working groups with cross-industry partners to provide consistent message to producers. WBC could have been proactive. Experiment station support of special issues.

Resources for how to diagnose resistance. Distinguishing pest issues and associated traits. Interpretation of field extension observations, and how to communicate the issues to growers.

Potential for educational topics regarding RNAi, resistance, etc.

EPA involvement in defining product inquiries/confirm resistance.

National Corn Growers Association involvement.

NC246 response to WBC outbreak needed prior to 2017 growing season.

WBC and RNAi committees formed. Christian keeper of the yellow sheet

Tangential discussion from NE: Web-based dissemination of information to growers. Webinar presentations >13K views. Plan to approach Plant Management Network for funding; need ~$1,000 per 30 min talk. Need for a talk regarding basics of RNAi. Public sector to help convey the technology to the general public, but need to remain independent of industry or use industry funding without recognition.

10:30 ABSTC Presentation (OP EN Session) – Matthew Carroll, Miles, et al.

In scenarios of resistance grower plant 20% refuge along with pyramid trait; first option is rotation. Drive to declared resistance and mitigation. Phase out single trait products. Result of discussions on remedial action

Proactive at UXD stage to enact remedial action – do not wait unit resistance confirmed. Mitigation action area (MAA); ½ mile around the field.

After “successful mitigation” rotation to non-corn in the subsequent year, then grower allowed to return to use of the Bt traits.

IRM in the South with structured refuges. On farm compliance assurance program (CAP): Grower surveys and on farm assessments by 3^rd parties; bring growers into compliance. Looking for incentives; rebates or farm insurance programs.

RIB trials 2017 of 20, 30 and 40%. Impact after cross pollination and sub-lethal exposures. Need to make comparisons with block refuges.

11:15 Monsanto Presentation (CLOSED session) – Matthew Carroll et al.

12:00 Lunch

Tuesday, January 24 (1:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.): Above-ground corn insects emphasis

1:30 Welcome: Joe Spencer and Andy Michel

Local Arrangements Announcements: Sarah Zukoff

Circulated thumb drive to collect/share State Reports.

1:55 Update on NC327 publication on European corn borer ecology and management – Chuck Mason: Release via Iowa State Publishing by 2017 growing season.

2:00 Dupont Pioneer Presentation (CLOSED Session) – Clint Pilcher et al.

2:30 Break

2:45 Dow AgroSciences and Dupont Pioneer Presentation (CLOSED Session) – Clint Pilcher et al.

3:15 Dow AgroSciences Presentation (CLOSED Session) – Bradley Hopkins et al.

3:45 EPA Perspectives and Q&A (CLOSED Session) – Jeannette Martinez

NC246 letter to EPA Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) in June 2017, and coordination delegated to NC246 Officers. Keep Vip3A corn out of the Southern US due to migration issues; CEW and FAW. Leverage expertise from yearly meetings to have communications with growers. Registration doc dictates mitigation of resistance to CEW even if it is not a relevant pest that have economic impact in corn, but resistance development from selection of corn will impact cotton production where it has a major impact. Petition to move WBC to primary pest status.

4:45 State Reports Continue.

DE: FAW corn strain higher Cry1F tolerance.

GA: FAW pyrethroid resistance issues; David Kerns: field FAW on Vip3A

IN: major WBC damage around Great Lakes, and mycotoxin increases.

Ontario reported Cry1F no longer promoted for WBC control or insecticide sprays used in addition to Bt. No major yield effects by molds are of concern.

5:00 Adjourn

Wednesday, January 25 (8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.): Above-ground corn insects emphasis

8:00 Welcome: Joe Spencer and Andy Michel

8:15 How should we respond to the rising tide of resistance? Pat Porter & Dave Buntin

Involvement of NC256 prior to resistance becoming widespread problem? Bt traits bundles with best genetics lowers grower options for conventional corn. Cry1Ab no benefit for controlling CEW but threatens cotton production in South. CEW also pyrethroid resistant. Migration of resistant CEW & FAW to cornbelt is a threat. Analogous scenario of WBC resistant to Cry1F and pyrethroids in NE and Ontario. If technologies fail, IPM will be needed but modern data to support tactics is lacking. Raise NC246 profile on pertinent issues facing growers

9:15 State reports: IA and IL no WBC outbreaks.

9:30 Break

9:45 State reports: LA: Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 resistance in CEW. Brazil Cenral regions have Helicoverpa armigera reported in corn. Hybridization with H. zea.

12:00 Lunch

1:30 State reports: MN reported ECB on conventional corn. Neonic initiative by Governor will limit use. State pollinator health committee to monito honeybee exposure. CEW feeding on Cry1Ab and pyrethroid resistance reported. MD reported movement of ECB off of refuge impacts refuge survivorship. Cross pollination in RIBs and issue for CEW. Cry1A toxin failures for CEW control in sweetcorn.

3:00 Break

3:15 State reports: MI has new Bt trait table with column for “regional effectiveness” based on known resistance issues. NE has pockets of WBC in the West and reports of Cry1F and bifenthrin resistance. Extended WBC moth flight times and predation studies. Larger ECB flights observed.

4:30 Final business items.

Established topics for further discussion/subcommittees to educate growers: Goal to complete one module per group prior to 2017 field season. Would need to make all presentations open access ($1000 per 30 minutes); increase impact.

RNAi explaining topics to the public. Modules to explain; (Ana, Nick, Andy, Pat, Art)

Basic underpinnings of the central dogma: DNA to RNA to protein

Application of transgenic technologies to control pest insects

Environmental stewardship/low impact compared to broad-spectrum insecticides.

Adult corn rootworm control (Lance Meinke, Aaron Gassmann, Sarah Zukoff, and Justin McMehan)

Defining rootworm species, variants, and spatial distribution. Include areas with different control challenges; Bt, variant and NCR extended diapause. How Bt resistance is defined (Tabashnik et al. 2014; Andow et al., 2016)

(Joe, Christian, Bruce)

Contemporary and historical definition. Change over time?

Regional or spatial applicability of the practice

Role in mitigating the onset of resistance via IPM. Defining economic thresholds. Products/treatment options, efficacy and recommendations.

Applicability to conventional corn

Distinction of IRM for Bt and RNAi? Challenges of IRM in light of possible RIB mediated selection for resistance in the South

Overlap of toxins used in transgenic corn, soybean and cotton. Impact on the acceleration of selection and potential loss of the technologies for future control.

Economic considerations and regional impacts on profitability.

Twitter handles disseminated among those working in extension:

Julie Peterson: @PetersonInsect

Joe Spencer: @talkingrootworm

Bob Wright @ BobWrightUNL

Elson Shields: @cornell_bugman

Justin McMechan: justinmcmechan

Jocelyn Smith: @jocelynlsmith

Tracey Baute: @TracyBaute

Canadian corn pest coalition: @Cornpest

Nick Miller: @MillerNickJ

Brian McCornack: @bmccornack

5:00 Adjourn/Meeting NC246 officers and Above-ground Subcommittee officers. Review duties for coming year and strategize as needed.

Accomplishments

Participants presented research and extension data at over 150 meetings [these are conservative estimates based on state reports and averages for extension faculty Dr. Chris DiFonzo published the 2017 update to the Handy Bt-Trait Table (http://www.msuent.com/). This is a tool that many NC246 participants use for extension training and is an important general reference for industry, scientists and growers. After the major issues with western bean cutworm in the Great Lakes region in 2016, and increasing problems with lepidopteran pests in the southern United States, a major change was made to the 2017 Handy Bt Trait table.  It now includes a new column ('May Be Ineffective On') to highlight insect x Bt combinations with documented field-failures, confirmed resistance, or cross-resistance. Ineffective ratings are based on published lab assays &/or field research. This column is intended to alert growers and consultants to potential management problems, influence seed selection, and encourage field scouting. Participants developed various extension videos for corn insect scouting including a popular USDA-NIFA Outreach Webcast hosted by the Plant Management Network by Dr. Julie Petersen: Western Bean Cutworm: Pest Status & IPM Options. A group of 13 NC246 participants submitted a four-page letter supportive of new modes of action for Bt-based corn rootworm management and adoption of an IPM-based approach to their use.  Letter submitted to U.S. E.P.A. Scientific Advisory Panel [(FIFRA SAP) regarding the human health and ecological risk assessments for SmartStax PRO (MON 89034 x TC1507 x MON 87411 x DAS-59122-7), a plant-incorporated protectant intended to control corn rootworm through ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference. <a href="http://www.regulations.gov/#%21documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0805-0018">Docket ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2016-0349] </a> The European corn borer is major pest of corn in the United States is the European corn borer.  For the past two decades, this pest has been managed successfully with transgenic corn that produces insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), with no documented cases of field-evolved resistance to Bt corn by European corn borer.  One reason for this success may be the presence of fitness costs affecting resistance.  Iowa State University Entomologists and NC246 members used ecological realistic conditions to more accurately quantify the potential fitness costs of Bt resistance in European corn borer.  Data from this study can be used by regulators and industry as they develop risk assessments and resistance management plans for Bt corn targeting European corn borer, and for other pests managed with transgenic Bt crops.

Publications

Albright V.C., Hellmich R.L., Coats J.R. 2016. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection and bioactivity of Cry1Ab protein fragments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 35(12):3101-3112. Albright V.C., Hellmich R.L., Coats, J.R. 2016. A review of Cry protein detection with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64: 2175–2189. Albright V.C., Wong C.R., Hellmich R.L., Coats J.R. 2016. Dissipation of double‐stranded RNA in aquatic microcosms. Environ. Toxicol Chem. 36(5):1249-1253. Alouw J.C., N.J. Miller.  2015. Effects of benzoxazinoids on specialist and generalist Diabrotica species. Journal of Applied Entomology 139: 424-431. Andow, D. A., Pueppke, S. G., Schaafsma, A. W., Gassmann, A. J., Sappington, T. W., Meinke, L. J., Mitchell, P. D., Hurley, T. M., Hellmich, R. L. and Porter, R. P.  2016. Early detection and mitigation of resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).   Journal of Economic Entomology 109: 1-12 Andow, D.A., S.G. Pueppke, A.W. Schaafsma, A.J. Gassmann, T.W. Sappington, L.J. Meinke, P.D. Mitchell, T.M. Hurley, R.L. Hellmich, R.P. Porter.  2015.  Early detection and mitigation of resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology (forum) Advance access published 24 Sept 2015: DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov238 Bentivenha, J.P.F., E. L. L. Baldin, T. E. Hunt, S. V. Paula-Moraes, E. E. Blankenship. 2016. Intraguild Competition of Three Noctuid Maize Pests. Environmental Entomology 45(4): 999–1008, doi: 10.1093/ee/nvw068. Bentivenha, J.P.F., E.L. L. Baldin, D.G. Montezano, T.E. Hunt, S.V. Paula-Moraes. 2016. Attack and defense movements involved in the interaction of Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science DOI 10.1007/s10340-016-0802-3. Bentivenha, J.P.F., S.V. Paula-Moraes, E.L.L. Baldin, A. Specht, I.F. Silva, T.E. Hunt. 2016. Battle in the New World: Helicoverpa armigera versus Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS ONE (11(12): e0167182). Beuzelin. J., F. Huang, J.A. David, S. Brown, C. Hollier, T. Price, B.R. Leonard, and D. Fromme. 2016. Feed Grains: Corn and Sorghum Weed, Insect, and Disease Field Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 3540 (1335). pp 90. Beuzelin. J., S. Brown, J.A. David, L. Foil, K. Healy, F. Huang, D. Kerns, A.L. Morgan, D. Pollet,  G. Reagan, M.J. Hall, D.P. Reed, D.R. Ring, T. Schowalter, M. Stout, T. Smith. 2016. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 1838. pp 229. Chen, F., Coates, B.S., He, K.L., Bai, S.X., Zhang, T.T., Wang, Z.Y.  2016. Effects of Wolbachia on mitochondrial DNA variation in populations of Athetis lepigone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. Mitochondrial DNA Part A DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1197216 Cheng Y., L. Luo, T.W. Sappington, X. Jiang, L. Zhang, A.N. Frolov. 2016. Onset of oviposition triggers abrupt reduction in migratory flight behavior and flight muscle in the female beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166859. Chu, C.C., J.A. Zavala, J.L. Spencer, M.J. Curzi, C.J. Fields, J. Drnevich, B.D. Siegfried,M.J. Seufferheld. 2015. Patterns of differential gene expression in adult rotation resistant and wild-type western corn rootworm digestive tracts. Evolutionary Applications. 8(7): 692-704. Coates, B.S. Bacillus thuringiensis toxin resistance mechanisms among Lepidoptera: progress on genomic approaches to uncover causal mutations in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. 2016. Current Opinions in Insect Science 15: 70–77. Coates, B.S., A. Alves, H. Wang, X. Zhou, T. Nowatzki, H. Chen, M. Rangasamy, H. Robertson, C. Whitfield, K. Walden, S. Kachman, B. French, L. Meinke, D. Hawthorne, C. Abel, T. Sappington, B. Siegfried, and N. Miller.  2016.  Quantitative trait locus mapping and functional genomics of an organophosphate resistance trait in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera.  Insect Molecular Biology 25: 1-15.  DOI: 10.1111/imb.12194 Coates, B.S., Abel, C.A. 2016. The mitochondrial genome of the western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).  Mitochondrial DNA Part B 1(1):487-488. de Macedo J.V., K.A. Mollet. J.A. Peterson. 2015. Performance of seed treatments and in-furrow at-plant insecticides for protection against Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm. Arthropod Management Tests “In press” DeVries, T.A., R.J. Wright. 2016.  Evaluation of Corn Rootworm Traited and Refuge Hybrids in Combination With Aztec 4.67G Insecticide at Planting for Control of Larval Corn Rootworm, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests 41(1): tsw082. doi: 10.1093/amt/tsw082 DeVries, T.A., R.J. Wright. 2016.  Evaluation of Foliar Applied Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of Adult Corn Rootworm in Corn, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests 41(1): tsw095. doi: 10.1093/amt/tsw095 DeVries, T.A., R.J. Wright. 2016.  Evaluation of Foliar-Applied Insecticides for Control of Adult Corn Rootworm in Corn, 2015C.  Arthropod Management Tests 41(1): tsw096. doi: 10.1093/amt/tsw096 DeVries, T.A., R.J. Wright. 2016.  Evaluation of Near Isoline Corn Rootworm Traited and Refuge Corn Hybrids in Combination With Soil Insecticides at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests 41(1): tsw081. doi: 10.1093/amt/tsw081 DeVries, T.A., R.J. Wright. 2016. Evaluation of Foliar Applied Insecticides for Control of Adult Corn Rootworm in Corn, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests 41(1): tsw080. doi: 10.1093/amt/tsw080 DeVries, T.A., R.J. Wright. 2016. Evaluation of Smartstax Traited and Refuge Corn Hybrids in Combination With Soil Insecticides at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests 41 (1): tsw083. doi: 10.1093/amt/tsw083 DiFonzo C., Krupke C., Michel A., Shields E., Tillman K, Tooker J.. 2016. An open letter to the seed industry regarding the efficacy of Cry1F Bt against western bean cutworm. http:/www.ceragmc.org/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/brad 006481.pdf Dively G.P. P.D. Venugopal, C. Finkenbinder.. 2016. Field-Evolved Resistance in Corn Earworm to Cry Proteins Expressed by Transgenic Sweet Corn. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0169115. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0169115 Estes, R.E., N.A. Tinsley and M.E. Gray. 2016. Evaluation of soil-applied insecticides with Bt maize for managing corn rootworm larval injury. Journal of Applied Entomology.  140: 19-27. doi: 10.1111/jen.12233 Fishilevich E., Vélez A.M., Khajuria C., Frey M.L.F., Hamm R.L., Wang H., Schulenberg G.A., Narva K.E., and B.D. Siegfried. 2016. Use of chromatin remodeling vATPases as RNAi targets for multigenerational control of Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and Neotropical stink bug. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 71: 58-71. Fishilevich E., Vélez A.M., Storer N.P., Li H., Bowling A.J., Rangasamy M., Worden S., Narva K.E.,  B.S. Siegfried. 2016. RNAi as a pest management tool for the western corn rootworm. Pest Management Science 72(9): 1652–166. Frank, D., R. Kurtz, N. Tinsley, A.J. Gassmann, L.J. Meinke, D. Moellenbeck, M. Gray, L. Bledsoe, C. Krupke, R. Estes, P. Weber, and B. Hibbard. 2015. Effect of seed blends and soil-insecticide on western and northern corn rootworm emergence from mCry3A + eCry3.1Ab Bt maize.  Journal of Economic Entomology 108: 1260-1270.  DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov081. Gassmann, A. J., Shrestha, R.B., Jakka, S.R.K., Dunbar M.W., Clifton E.H., Paolino A.R., Ingber D.A., French B.W., Masloski K.E., Doudna J.W., St. Clair C.R.  2016. Evidence of resistance to Cry34/35Ab1 corn by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): root injury in the field and larval survival in plant-based bioassays.  Journal of Economic Entomology 109: 1872-1880. Gray M.E., J.L. Spencer. 2015. Western corn rootworm: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) resistance to Bt maize and crop rotation: management challenges and opportunities. Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society; Antenna: ECE Special Edition. 39: 100-101. Guo J., He K., Hellmich R.L., Bai S., Zhang T., Liu Y., Ahmed T., Wang Z. 2016. Field trials to evaluate the effects of transgenic Cry1Ie maize on the community characteristics of arthropod natural enemies. Scientific Reports 6: 22102. Guo Y.Y., Tian J.C., Shi W.P., Dong X.H., Romeis J., Naranjo S.E., Hellmich R.L., Shelton A.M. 2016. The interaction of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, with Cry protein production and predation by Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) in Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab cotton and Cry1F maize. Transgenic Research 25: 33–44. Haridas, C.V., L. J. Meinke, B. E. Hibbard, B.D. Siegfried, and B. Tenhumberg.  2016.  Effects of temporal variation in temperature and density-dependence on insect population dynamics.  Ecosphere 7(5): e01287 10.1002/ecs2.1287 Huang, F., J.A. Qureshi, G.P. Head, P.A. Price, R. Levy, F. Yang, and Y. Niu. 2016. Frequency of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 resistance alleles in field populations of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Louisiana and Florida. Crop Protection 83: 83-89. Jakka, S. R. K., Shrestha, R. B., Gassmann, A. J. 2016. Broad-spectrum resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins by western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).  Scientific Reports 6: 27860; doi: 10.1038/srep27860. Jiang X., Zhang L., Yang H., Sappington T.W., Cheng Y., Luo L. 2016. Biocontrol of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata by the tachinid fly, Exorista civilis, is synergized by Cry1Ab protoxin. Scientific Reports 6: 26873. DOI: 10.1038/srep26873. Khajuria C., Vélez A.M., Rangasamy M., Wang H., Fishilevich E., Frey M.L.F., Portilho Carneiro N., Gandra P., Narva K.E. and B.D. Siegfried.  2015. Parental RNA interference of genes involved in embryonic development of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 63: 54-62. Li H., Khajuria C., Rangasamy M., Gandra P., Fitter M., Geng C., Woosely A., Hasler J., Schulenberg G., Worden S., McEwan R., Evans C., Siegfried B. and K.E. Narva. 2015.  Long dsRNA but not siRNA initiates RNAi in western corn rootworm larva and adults. Journal of Applied Entomology 139: 432-445. Li, G., D. Reisig, H. Feng, F. Gould, F. Huang, and J. Miao. 2016. Frequency of Cry1F non-recessive resistance alleles in North Carolina field populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS ONE  <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154492">http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154492</a>. Li, G., D. Reisig, J. Miao, F. Gould, F. Huang, H. Feng. 2016. Frequency of Cry1F non-recessive resistance alleles in North Carolina field populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154492 Niu, Y., G.P. Head, P.A. Price, and F. Huang. 2016. Performance of Cry1A.105-selected fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic maize plants containing single or pyramided Bt genes. Crop Protection. 88:79-87. Niu, Y., J.A. Qureshi, X. Ni, G.P. Head, P.A. Price, R.L. Meagher Jr, D. Kerns, R. Levy, F. Yang, and F. Huang. 2016. Estimation of resistance allele frequency to maize incorporated Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2 protein in field populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from the southern United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 138: 66-72. Ojo, J.A., Valero, M.C., Sun, W., Coates, B.S., Omoloye, A.A., Pittendrigh, B.R. 2016. Comparison of full mitochondrial genomes for the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).  Agri-Gene 2: 29-37. Oyediran, I., G. Dively, F. Huang, and T. Burd. 2016. Evaluation of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larval movement and survival in structured and seed blend refuge plantings. Crop Protetion 81: 145-153. Pannuti, L.E.R., S.V. Paula-Moraes, T.E. Hunt, E.L.L. Baldin, L. Dana, J.V. Malaquias. 2016. Plant-to-plant movement of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-7; doi: 10.1093/jee/tow042. Pereira, A.E., H. Wang, S.N. Zukoff, L.J. Meinke, B. W. French, B. D. Siegfried.  2015.  Evidence of field-evolved resistance to bifenthrin in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) populations in western Nebraska and Kansas.  PLoS ONE 10(11): e0142299. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142299  published 13 Nov 2015. Petzold-Maxwell, J.L., Siegfried, B.D., Hellmich, R.L., Abel, C.A., Coates, B.S., Spencer, T.A., Horikoshi, R.J., Gassmann, A.J. Fitness costs associated with Cry1F resistance in the European corn borer.  Journal of Applied Entomology DOI: 10.1111/jen.12356. Potter, B., R. Koch, P. Glogoza, E. Hodgson, C. Krupke, J. Tooker, C. DiFonzo, A. Michel, K. Tilmon, T. Prochaska, J. Knodel, R. Wright, T. Hunt, B. Jensen, K. Estes, and J. Spencer. 2016. Just the facts: A review of the biology and economics behind soybean aphid insecticide recommendations. Plant Health Progress. 17:265-269. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-RV-16-0061">http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-RV-16-0061</a> Sijun Liu1*, Yuting Chen, Thomas W. Sappington, Bryony C. Bonning. 2016. Genome sequence of the first coleopteran iflavirus isolated from western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte.  Genome Announcements (In press) DOI:10.1128/genomeA.01530-16. Tan S.Y., Rangasamy M., Wang H., Vélez A.M., Hasler J., McCaskill D., Xu T., Chen H., Jurzenski J., Kelker M., Xu X., Narva K., and B.D. Siegfried. 2016. RNAi induced knockdown of a Cadherin-like Protein (EF531715) does not affect toxicity of Cry34/35Ab1 or Cry3Aa to Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 75: 117-124. Tang J., Y. Cheng, T.W. Sappington, X. Jiang, Lei Z., L. Luo. 2016. Egg hatch, and survival and development of beet webworm (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae at different combinations of temperature and relative humidity. Journal of Economic Entomology 109(4): 1603-1611. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow106 Tinsley, N. A., P. D. Mitchell, R. J. Wright, L. J. Meinke, R. E. Estes, and M. E. Gray.  2015.  Estimation of efficacy functions for products used to manage corn rootworm larval injury.  Journal of Applied Entomology Early view online: DOI: 10.1111/jen.12276 Vélez A.M., Alves A., Blankenship E., B.D. Siegfried. 2016. Effect of Cry1F maize on the behavior of susceptible and resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. DOI: 10.1111/eea.12409 Vélez A.M., Fishilevich E., Matz N., Frey M. L.F., Wang J., Hamm R., Narva, K.E., and B.D. Siegfried. 2017. Parameters for successful parental RNAi as an insect pest management tool. Genes, 8(1): 7; doi:10.3390/genes8010007. Vélez A.M., Jursenski J., Matz N., Zhou, J. Wang H., Ellis M., and B.D. Siegfried. 2016. Developing an in vivo toxicity assay for RNAi risk assessment in honey bees, Apis mellifera L. to dietary RNAi. Chemosphere 144: 1083-1090.  Vélez A.M., Vellichirammal N.N., Jurat-Fuentes J.L, B.S. Siegfried. 2016. Cry1F resistance among lepidopteran pests: A model for improved resistance management? Current Opinion in Insect Science 15: 116-124. Vélez, A.M., Khajuria C., Wang H., Narva K.E., B.D. Siegfried. 2016. RNA interference of RNA interference pathway genes in western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) confers tolerance to lethal dsRNA. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0157520. Wach, M., Hellmich, R.L., Layton, R., Romeis, J., Gadaleta, P.G. 2016. Dynamic role and importance of surrogate species for assessing potential adverse environmental impacts of genetically engineered insect-resistant plants on non-target organisms. Transgenic Research 25: 499–505. Wangila, D. S., A. J. Gassmann, J. L. Petzold-Maxwell, B. W. French, and L. J. Meinke. 2015. Susceptibility of Nebraska western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations to Bt corn events.  Journal of Economic Entomology 108: 742-751. Wangila, D.S., L.J. Meinke.  2016.  Effects of adult emergence timing on susceptibility and fitness of Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworms.  Journal of Applied Entomology published online July 2016: doi: 10.1111/jen.12346. Yang, F., D.L. Kerns, S. Brown, R. Kurtz, T. Dennehy, B. Braxton, G. Head, and F. Huang. 2016. Performance and cross-crop resistance of Cry1F-maize selected Spodoptera frugiperda on transgenic Bt cotton: implications for resistance management. Scientific Reports 6:v28059 DOI:10.1038/srep28059.

Impact Statements

Summary: Western bean cutworm (WBC) is an invasive caterpillar pest in Ohio. The Cry1F protein, present in several transgenic corn varieties, was one of only 2 proteins that provided control against WBC. In 2016, several fields expressing Cry1F exhibited extensive feeding by WBC, questioning the efficacy of this protein. Great Lakes extension entomologists submitted an open letter and urged the seed industry to remove the “control label” from Cry1F. We are now educating corn producers on integrated pest management strategies to control WBC now that Cry1F is ineffective. Situation: Western bean cutworm (WBC) is a new invasive caterpillar pest in the Eastern Great Lakes. This pest feed extensively on developing kernels, causing direct impacts on yield. In addition, the feeding damage facilitates corn pathogen development, including those that produce mycotoxins and vomitoxins, dangerous compounds that affect livestock and humans. Cry1F is a gene in transgenic corn varieties (Bt-Corn) that is labelled for WBC control, and is a widely used product to prevent WBC damage. In 2016, WBC caused extensive damage to several fields expressing Cry1F, questioning this gene’s efficacy against this pest. Response: Great Lakes extension entomologists sent an open letter to the corn industry, urging them to remove WBC from the list of insects controlled by Cry1F. As a group, we are no longer recommending Cry1F for WBC control. We have focused our education efforts on what the appropriate expectations of Cry1F control should be, as well as additional management strategies to prevent corn yield and quality losses. Impact : Corn the most valuable agronomic crop in the US. WBC threatens corn production, not only from direct yield loss, but indirectly impacted livestock that are fed damaged grain containing corn pathogens. Corn producers using Cry1F may have higher expectations for control based on previous labels, placing much acreage at risk for WBC damage. Extension and education efforts will focus on integrated pest management strategies, including WBC identification, scouting and action thresholds for properly applying insecticides.

Date of Annual Report: 04/11/2018

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/23/2018 - 01/25/2018
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2017 - 12/31/2017

Participants

In Person:
Baute, Tracey (tracey.baute@ontario.ca) OMAFRA
Buntin, David (gbuntin@uga.edu) University of Georgia
Bynum, Ed (EBynum@ag.tamu.edu) Texas A&M
DiFonzo, Chris (difonzo@msu.edu) Michigan State University
Dively, Galen (galen@umd.edu) University of Maryland
Gassmann, Aaron (aaronjg@iastate.edu) Iowa State University
Hiltpold, Ivan (hiltpold@udel.edu) University of Delaware
Hunt, Tom (thunt2@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Jensen, Bryan (bmjenseI@wisc.edu) University of Wisconsin
Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis (jurat@utk.edu) University of Tennessee
Kesheimer, Katelyn (katelyn.kesheimer@ag.tamu.edu) Texas A&M
Krupke, Christian (ckrupke@purdue.edu) Purdue
Mason, Charles (mason@udel.edu) University of Delaware
McCornack, Brian (mccornac@ksu.edu) Kansas State University
McManus, Brad (bradly.mcmanus@sdstate.edu) South Dakota State University
McMechan, Justin (justin.mcmechan@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Meinke, Lance (lmeinke1@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Michel, Andrew (michel70@osu.edu) Ohio State University
Miller, Nicholas (nmiller11@iit.edu) Illinois Tech
Ostlie, Ken (ostli001@umn.edu) University of Minnesota
Owens, David (owensd@udel.edu) University of Delaware
Huang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcent.lsu.edu) Louisiana State University
Peterson, Julie (julie.peterson@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Porter, Pat (p-porter@tamu.edu) Texas A&M
Ravlin, Bill (ravlin@msu.edu) Michigan State University
Reay-Jones, Francis (freayjo@clemson.edu) Clemson University
Reisig, Dominic (ddreisig@ncsu.edu) North Carolina State University
Schaafsma, Art (aschaafs@uoguelph.ca) University of Guelph
Shields, Elson (es28@cornell.edu) Cornell
Smith, Jocelyn (jocelyn.smith@uoguelph.ca) University of Guelph
Tilmon, Kelly (Tilmon.1@osu.edu) Ohio State University
Wright, Bob (rwright2@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Zukoff, Sarah (snzukoff@ksu.edu) Kansas State University

Remote Attendance:
Coates, Brad (brad.coates@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS
Hibbard, Bruce (hibbardb@missouri.edu) USDA-ARS
Paula-Moraes, Silvana (paula.moraes@ufl.edu) University of Florida
Spencer, Joseph (spencer1@illinois.edu) University of Illinois
Swoboda Bhattarai, Katie (kswoboda3@unl.edu) University of Nebraska
Velez, Ana (avelezarango2@unl.edu) University of Nebraska

Industry Collaborators:
Carroll, Matt (matthew.carroll@monsanto.com) Monsanto
Gander, Jody (jody.r.gander@monsanto.com) Monsanto
Head, Graham (graham.p.head@monsanto.com) Monsanto
Pilcher, Clint (clint.pilcher@pioneer.com) Pioneer
Rice, Marlin (marlin.rice@syngenta.com) Syngenta
Sethi, Amit (amit.sethi@pioneer.com) Pioneer
Storer, Nick (nstorer@dow.com) Dow-Dupont

Brief Summary of Minutes

Tuesday, January 23: Above-ground corn insects emphasis

8:00 Introductory Topics

Welcome and introductions: Andy Michel. Google docs link to share reports instead of flash drive: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1sZxHzdFuNzhjEhAeQHuVmwg8f3lWGX4a.

Local Arrangements update from Dominic Reisig

Time & Place Committee: Andy Michel and Kelley Tilmon proposed Cleveland, Ohio for 2019 (with Kelley Tilmon and Amy Raudenbush as local arrangements). Motion carried with majority vote to support this proposal.

Nominations Committee: Sarah Zukoff was nominated for the position of Secretary and elected by a majority vote to this position. 2018 Officers: Andy Michel (Chair), Brad Coates (Vice-Chair), Julie Peterson (Secretary). 2019 Officers: Brad Coates (Chair), Julie Peterson (Vice-Chair), Sarah Zukoff (Secretary).

Administrative Advisor update from Bill Ravlin: Discussion of changes in personnel at NIFA (Sonny Ramaswamy); National IPM Coordinating Committee has been recognized by the APLU; discussion on research funding at the federal grant, commodity board, and industry collaboration level. Re-write for NC-246 project will be due December 2019, process should start in summer 2019 and we need to add this to our 2019 meeting agenda and form a re-write sub-committee at that time.

8:35 Update on publication: NC327, European Corn Borer Ecology and Management and Association with Other Corn Pests (C. Mason):

Proofs from Iowa State University Press are currently under review

Pre-order list will be sent out by C. Mason for groups to check their current order and amend as needed

Discussion on potential sponsorship opportunities for the publication

Print version is the primary goal, but digital version may be available in the future

9:00 Begin State Reports (reports by state, not by individual objective)

Starting with non-cotton areas and going east to west; refer to submitted reports for much greater details

MD: discussion around zea resistance monitoring and best practices for collecting from the field; cross-pollination between Bt and non-Bt plants in structured and RIB refuge designs project; new extension specialist at Maryland in grains and small fruits, state IPM coordinator = Kelly Hamby (kahamby@umd.edu)

DE: two new faculty introduced = Ivan Hiltpold (hiltpold@udel.edu; ECB chemical ecology, above-belowground interactions of FAW and WCR) & David Owens (owensd@udel.edu); 1 western bean cutworm larva found on sweet corn in DE in 2017

NY: particularly severe WBC in 2017, had conditions for mycotoxins but did not see it

Ontario: Sandier soils correlated with higher WBC trapping; challenge of WBC listed as a secondary pest despite its importance in Ontario (and elsewhere); recommending WBC spray at fresh silks, most mixing with fungicide; IPM course is mandatory for growers to use neonicotinoid seed treatments; Smith et al. 2017 WBC Cry1F resistance paper was published in Economic Entomology; challenge of WBC feeding and DON fungal infections.

OH: Corn borer in non-traited corn of more interest, presentation on Asiatic garden beetle, new stink bug guide published.

MI: Asiatic garden beetle also of concern, new Handy Bt Trait Table and slide set available.

IN: seed treatment and neonicotinoid work discussed; seed corn maggot- less problematic in IN vs. NY where manure is often applied to fields.

10:30 Journal of Integrated Pest Management: updates to published articles?

Discussion with editor Marlin Rice: substantial new information to update published articles will be considered.

Example: WBC article (Michel et al. 2010) refers to use of Cry1F for management, could be updated.

10:45 Continue with State Reports

WI: Field crops specialist position in 1-2 years, higher interest in planting non-Bt corn.

IL: No WBC detected with monitoring, introduce new field crops entomologist Nick Seiter (has plans for rootworm and Lep projects)

MN: WBC only occasional along southern tier of state, Japanese beetle population uptick.

IA: Brad Coates gave presentation project looking at Bt bioassays for WBC from Nebraska and across the Corn Belt.

NE (part 1): WBC research and extension updates from Julie Peterson’s lab, upcoming International IPM Symposium session on WBC.

12:05 Lunch

1:30 State reports, continued

NE (part 2): presentation on wheat stem maggot (new pest in corn following rye cover crops) from Justin McMechan, also renewed interest in ECB and non-traited corn in Nebraska- suggest ECB webinar on Plant Management Network.

KS: impact of irrigation practices on spider mites project is on-going.

MO: will have belowground report.

NC: Neonic seed treatment impact on yield paper published, JIPM article on use of emotional appeal in resistance management education.

SC: Francis Reay-Jones’ grad student is wrapping up dissertation on CEW in corn, including Bt resistance issues.

GA: CEW Bt resistance issues, effect of planting time on CEW infestation.

FL: Banks grass mite outbreak in corn for silage, monitoring for Helicoverpa armigera, upcoming IPM Symposium session on zea & H. armigera.

TN: project on mechanisms of resistance for fall armyworm and Cry1F, FAW genetic variation across geography (including new invasion areas in Africa), Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes is interested in collaborators on new CEW resistance projects and RNAi resistance projects.

LA: Currently looking for endowed chair of cotton production at LSU (http://www.lsuagcenter.com/profiles/smsmith/articles/page1509396455996), discussion around data presented on risk assessment of seed blend strategy for refuge and impact on resistance management for ear-feeding Leps.

TX: Entomopathogenic nematodes applied for corn rootworm protection, releases of predatory mites against spider mites. Southwestern corn borer resurgence in non-traited corn. Katelyn Kesheimer conducting armigera monitoring, high fumonisin reports at elevators in 2017.

3:15 Break

3:45 Update/Discussion on Sub-committee #4:

Overlap of toxins used in transgenic corn, soybean and cotton. Impact on the acceleration of selection and potential loss of the technologies for future control. E.g use of VIP Corn and zea

Helicoverpa zea—difficult to show yield loss in corn = not a big economic pest in corn. However, maintaining efficacy of Vip in cotton is very critical.

EPA Scientific Advisory Panel on RIB in the South (including zea) is supposed to happen at the end of March, but has not been announced [annotation to minutes: nominations of SAP members due April 4, 2018 to the EPA]

Suggestion to write JIPM article “open letter” to highlight this problem and provide the scientific evidence to support our concerns.

Discussion around how to best convey our concerns during open comment period for SAP.

Discussion around a combined Bt + insecticide approach to CEW and WBC management.

Discussion around how Bt soybeans could impact the system.

4:45 Adjourn for the day

Wednesday, January 24 (8:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon): Integration Day

8:05 Corn Borer Publication (additional updates)

Chuck Mason and Bill Ravlin suggest to approach experiment station directors for contribution to publication costs. Request will come from C. Mason to NC-246 members to approach station directors.

8:15 Update on Subcommittees

Adult corn rootworm control (Meinke, Gassmann, Zukoff, McMechan)
- Presentation from committee and discussion around adult beetle control approaches.
- Direct further questions or comments on this topic to Lance Meinke; consider submission of a JIPM article

Explaining RNAi topics to the public (Vélez, Miller, Michel, Porter, Schaafsma)
- Discussion around quoted price to make videos, length and number of videos, and funding sources.
- Suggested to add to request to experiment station directors to help fund this project as well as Corn Borer Publication.

Two committees we are unsure on composition and goals: 1) distinction of RNAi vs. Bt resistance management and 2) economic considerations and regional impacts on profitability.

9:05 Industry Updates: Clint Pilcher, Dow-Dupont Pioneer (Closed Session)

Committee on trait education formed: Chris DiFonzo (chair), Brian McCornack, Sarah Zukoff, Julie Peterson, Pat Porter, Ken Ostlie, Katelyn Kesheimer

9:35 Break

10:05 EPA Discussion (Closed Session, via videolink—Alan Reynolds)

10:50 ABSTC Presentation

Refuge compliance trends are increasing in the Corn Region but decreasing in the Cotton Region, therefore focus on improving refuge compliance in the South.

CEW data presented on pure non-Bt vs. blends, discussion around this topic.

12:00 Lunch

1:30 Monsanto Presentation (Closed Session)

2:35 Begin Below Ground State Reports

NC: Southern corn billbug is a locally important pest, resistance concerns.

DE: Paper accepted on model of rootworm behavior with host plant, developing remote sensor to monitor soil abiotic factors throughout the season.

MD: Kelly Hamby- seed treatment studies over 3 years of rotations.

NY: presentation from Elson Shields, discuss entomopathogenic nematodes for wireworms.

3:00 Break

3:20 State Reports Continued (Below Ground)

MI: Asiatic garden beetle has been covered by Kelley

Ontario: large seed treatment study completed, results discussed.

WI: Westerns are low, northerns are high; Japanese beetles feeding on corn roots in May

MN: presentation from Ken Ostlie- decline in PI reports, lower RW populations due to wet springs.

4:00 Myfields and PestSampler updates (B. McCornack)

Interactive review of Handy Bt Trait Table on MyFields.

Discussion on complexity, end user needs, supporting materials to be included or not included in app.

5:00 Adjourn

Thursday, January 25 (8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.): Below-ground corn insects emphasis

8:05 Nominations and Committee Report Final Update (no changes)

8:10 ARS reviews on minor/sporadic pests listed on neonic seed treatment labels—T. Sappington

A cluster of 5 papers (one for each crop) coming out in JIPM (will be published all together)

8:55 Industry-Academia Research Agreements Discussion

With companies merging and agreements expiring, what is the need for renewals?

Encourage all to investigate renewal process at their institutions.

9:50 State Reports

IL: presentation from Joe Spencer, low rootworm numbers last several years due to flooding, beetle movement project with Mike Caprio, using video recording and movement tracking software

IA: RW populations building since 2014, fields with substantial injury to Cry34/35 traits in northwestern and northeastern Iowa

NE: Rootworm pyrethroid resistance work: PLOS One paper in 2017- probably multiple mechanisms of resistance, grad student Jordy Reinders completed MS on spatial variation in Bt resistance, Camila Oliveira-Hofman wrapping up PhD on entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes.

TX: potential mCry3A problem fields.

MO: RW artificial diet papers, rearing methods for Northerns.

KS: light year for RW.

10:20 APHIS permits for corn rootworm

See document outline from Aaron Gassmann. Added Ken Ostlie to writing team. Plan is to round out this document and send to APHIS and state Depts of Ag- purpose of document is to inform policy on permitting.

10:50 Final business items.

Proposed dates for next year = the week of January 21-25, 2019 in Cleveland, Ohio

Discussion of changing the days of the week for future meeting was tabled and will be done via email survey so that more members of the committee can participate

How can we enhance the joint industry part of the meeting? Can we encourage more productive research conversations, research priorities, and less sales pitch? Request the group attending the Monsanto meeting bring these ideas to Monsanto and get some feedback.

Accomplishments

Participants had over 150 research reports and research & extension presentations that informed and educated stakeholders (producers, extension agents, and university and private sector scientists) of ongoing pest insect control issues in corn production. Participants developed various extension videos on topics impacting corn pest insect control.  This included videos describing Bt resistance development and grain crop management.  Dozens of extension publications were produced or updated, including updates to managing Bt resistance, crop scouting guides, and those relating to western bean cutworm management and resistance to Bt toxins. The Handy Bt Trait Table, available at <a href="http://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html">www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html</a>, was updated to include observed field resistance among target pest species and corresponding citations in scientific literature.  This designation was added to alert producers and consultants to potential management problems and to encourage field scouting.

Publications

Published Works  Alford, A. & Krupke, C.H. 2017.Translocation of the neonicotinoid seed treatment clothianidin in maize. PLOS One. Published: March 10, 2017 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173836">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173836</a>  Andow, D. A., R. J. Wright, E. W. Hodgson, T. E. Hunt, K. R. Ostlie. 2017. Farmers’ perspectives on resistance in western corn rootworm to CRW-Bt corn in Midwest USA. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 9(3), pp. 27-38. DOI: 10.5897/JAERD2016.0827  Archibald, W.R., J.D. Bradshaw, D.A. Golick, R.J. Wright and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Nebraska growers’ and crop consultants’ knowledge and implementation of integrated pest management of western bean cutworm. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 9(1): 1; 1-7.  Basu, S., Varsani, S. and Louis, J. 2017. Altering plant defenses: Herbivore-associated molecular patterns and effector arsenal of chewing herbivores. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-07-17-0183-FI.  Bentivenha, J.P.F., Montezano, D.G., Hunt, T.E., Baldin, E.L.L., Peterson, J.A., Victor, V.S., Pannuti, L., Vélez, A.M. and Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2017. Intraguild interactions and behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa spp. on maize. Pest Management Science, 73(11): 2244-2251.  Bradshaw, J. 2017. Panhandle Year in Review. Proceedings of the 2017 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 69-71. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.  Coates, B.S., C. A. Abel, and O.P. Perera. 2017. Estimation of long-terminal repeat element content in the Helicoverpa zea genome from low-coverage next generation sequencing of reduced representation bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) pools. Genome 60(4): 310-324.  de Macedo, J.V., K.A. Mollet & J.A. Peterson. 2017. Performance of seed treatments and in-furrow at-plant insecticides for protection against Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests, 42, doi: 10.1093/amt/tsx001.  Del Pozo-Valdivia, A., D. Reisig, C. Arellano, and R. Heiniger. 2017. A case for comprehensive analyses demonstrated by evaluating the yield benefits of neonicotinoid seed treatment in maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Protection. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.10.021  DeVries, T.A. & R.J. Wright. 2017. Evaluation of Traited Corn Rootworm and Refuge Corn Hybrids in Combination with Aztec HC Insecticide at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2016 Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 42, Issue 1, 1 January 2017, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx068">https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx068</a>  DeVries, T.A. & R.J. Wright. 2017. Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Formulations Compared to Commercial Standards at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2016. Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 42, Issue 1, 1 January 2017, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx069">https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx069</a>  DeVries, T.A. & R.J. Wright. 2017. Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Formulations at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2016. Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 42, Issue 1, 1 January 2017, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx070">https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx070</a>  DeVries, T.A. & R.J. Wright. 2017. Evaluation of Near Isoline Smartstax Traited and Refuge Corn Hybrids in Combination With Soil Insecticides at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2016. Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 42, Issue 1, 1 January 2017, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx076">https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx076</a>  Ding, Y., A. Huffaker, T.G. Köllner, P. Weckwerth, C.A.M. Robert, J.L. Spencer, A.E. Lipka, and E.A. Schmelz. 2017. Selinene volatiles are essential precursors for maize defense promoting fungal pathogen resistance. Plant Physiology. Vol. 175, pp. 1455–DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00879">https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00879</a>.  Dunbar, M.W., A.J. Gassmann, and M.E. O’Neal.  2017.  Impacts of rye cover crop on beneficial arthropods.  Environmental Entomology 46:284-290.  Farhan, Y., J.L. Smith, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2017. Baseline susceptibility of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Ontario, Canada to Vip3A Bacillus thuringiensis protein. Journal of Economic Entomology. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox296.  Gassmann, A.J. and E.H. Clifton. 2017. Current and potential applications of biopesticides to manage insect pests of maize.  pp. 173 - 184 In Lacey, L. A. (ed).  Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests: From Theory to Practice.  1st edition.  Elsevier, London.  Gressel, J., A.J. Gassmann, and M.D.K. Owen.  2017.  How well will stacked transgenic pest/herbicide resistances delay pests from evolving resistance?  Pest Management Science 73:22-34.  Gundersen-Rindal, D., S. Adrianos, M. Allen, J.J. Becnel, Y.P. Chen, M.Y. Choi, A. Estep, J.D. Evans, S. Garczynski, S.M. Beib, S.K.B. Ghosh, A.M. Handler, D.K. Hasegawa, M. Heerman, J. Jull, W. Hunter, N. Kaur, J. Li, W. Li, K.S. Ling, D. Nayduch, B. Oppert, O.P. Perera, L. Perkin, N. Sanscrainte, S. Sim, M. Sparks, K. Temeyer, R. Vander Meer, W.M. Wintermantel, R. James, K. Hackett, and B.S. Coates. 2017. Arthropod genomics research in the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service: Applications of RNA interference and gene editing in pest control. Trends Entomol. 13: 109-137.  Head, G.P., M. Carroll, S. Evans, D.M. Rule, A. Willse, T. Clark, N. Storer, R. Flannagan, L. Samuel, L. J. Meinke. 2017. Evaluation of SmartStax and SmartStax PRO maize against western corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm: efficacy and resistance management. Pest Manag. Sci. 73: 1883-1899. doi:10.1002/ps.4554  Hiltpold, I., Demarta, L., Johnson, S.N., Moore, B.D., Power, S.A., Mitchell, C. 2017. Silicon and other essential element composition in roots using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: a high throughput approach. In: Johnson SN (ed) Invertebrate Ecology of Australasian Grasslands. Proceedings of the Ninth ACGIE, Hawkesbury, NSW, Australia. Western Sydney University, pp 191-196.  Hiltpold, I., Johnson, S.N., Le Bayon, R.-C., Nielsen, U.N. 2017. Climate Change in the Underworld: Impacts for Soil-Dwelling Invertebrates. In: Johnson SN, Jones TH (eds) Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates. pp 201-2228.  Kozak, G.M., C.B. Wadsworth, S.C. Kahne, S.M. Bogdanowicz, R.G. Harrison, B.S. Coates, and E.B. Dopman. 2017. A combination of sexual and ecological divergence contributes to the spread of a chromosomal rearrangement during initial stages of speciation.  Mol. Ecol. 26(8): 2331-2347.  Liu, S., Y. Chen, T.W. Sappington, and B.C. Bonning. 2017. Genome sequence of a novel positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus isolated from western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Genome Announc. 5(20):e00366-17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00366-17.  Liu, S., Y. Chen, T.W. Sappington, and B.C. Bonning. 2017. Genome sequence of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus 2, a novel small RNA virus of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Genome Announc. 5(20):e00365-17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00365-17.  Lombaert, E., M. Ciosi, N.J. Miller, T.W. Sappington, A. Blin, and T. Guillemaud. 2017. Colonization history of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) in North America: insights from random forest ABC using microsatellite data. Biological Invasions doi:10.1007/s10530-017-1566-2 (in press; published online 09/15/2017)  McMechan, J., R. Wright and T. Hunt. 2017. Emerging and invasive pests. Proceedings of the 2017 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 40-41. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.  Miller, N.J., and T.W. Sappington. 2017. Role of dispersal in resistance evolution and spread. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 21: 68-74.  Mitchell, P.D.  2017. Methods and assumptions for estimating the impact of pyrethroid insecticides on pest management practices and costs for U.S. crop farmers. AgInfomatics Research Report, Madison, WI (119 p).  Online: <a href="http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html">http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html</a>.  Mitchell, P.D.  2017. Summary of the use of pyrethroid insecticides by U.S. crop farmers and the impacts of non-pyrethroid scenario on insecticide use and farmer costs.  AgInfomatics Research Report, Madison, WI (26 p).  Online: <a href="http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html">http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html</a>.  Mitchell, P.D. 2017. Estimated yield benefits and efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides for major U.S. crops based on a meta-analysis of small plot data.  AgInfomatics Research Report, Madison, WI (88 p).  Online: <a href="http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html">http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html</a>.  Mitchell, P.D. 2017. An economic assessment of the benefits of pyrethroid insecticides in the U.S.  AgInfomatics Research Report, Madison, WI (34 p).  Online: http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html.  Mitchell, P.D., and S.P. Conley. 2017. Benefits of Seed Applied Insecticides to Canadian Farmers: A Summary Report Prepared for the Canadian Seed Trade Association.  AgInfomatics Research Report, Madison, WI (23 p).  Online: http://aginfomatics.com/index.html.  Miwa, K. and L.J. Meinke. 2017. Seasonality of Colaspis crinicornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its injury potential to corn in southeastern Nebraska. J. Econ. Entomol. publ. online 18 Dec 2017, doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox325.  Montezano D.G., K.A. Mollet, G.E. Hirzel and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Evaluation of foliar insecticides for the control of western bean cutworm in field corn, 2016. Arthropod Management Tests, 42, doi: 10.1093/amt/tsx089.  Montezano D.G., K.A. Mollet, G.E. Hirzel and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Evaluation of foliar insecticides for the control of western bean cutworm in field corn, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests, 42, doi: 10.1093/amt/tsx088.  Nowak, P., P.D. Mitchell, T.M. Hurley.  2017.  The value of pyrethroids in U.S. agricultural and urban settings: Executive summary.  AgInfomatics Research Report, Madison, WI (36 p).  Online: <a href="http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html">http://aginfomatics.com/pyrethroids-project.html</a>.  Pereira, A.E., D.S. Souza, S.N. Zukoff, L.J. Meinke, B.D. Siegfried. 2017. Cross-resistance and synergism assays provide evidence for multiple mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in western corn rootworm populations. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0179311.  Pereira, A.E., A.M. Velez, L.J. Meinke, B.D. Siegfried. 2017. Sublethal effects of vATPase-A and Snf7 dsRNAs on biology of southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber. J. Econ. Entomol. 110 (6): 2545-2553.  Peterson, J.A., J. Bradshaw, T.E. Hunt, R.C. Seymour, R. Wright, S.V. Paula-Moraes, 2017. Western Bean Cutworm Update. Proceedings of the 2017 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 42-47. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.  Peterson, J.A. 2017. What’s New in Entomology: West Central Nebraska. Proceedings of the 2017 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 80-83. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.  Petzold-Maxwell, J.L., B.D. Siegfried, R.L. Hellmich, C.A. Abel, B.S. Coates, T.A. Spencer, R.J. Horikoshi, and A.J. Gassmann.  2017.  Fitness costs associated with Cry1F resistance in the European corn borer.  Journal of Applied Entomology 141:67-79.  Qin, J., X. Jiang, L. Zhang, T.W. Sappington, Y. Cheng, and L. Luo. 2017.  Population projection and development of the Mythimna loreyi as affected by temperature: application of an age-stage, two-sex life table.  J. Econ. Entomol. 110:1583-1591.  Ray, S., Basu, S., Rivera-Vega, L., Acevedo, F.E., Louis, J., Felton, G.W. and Luthe, D.S. 2016. Lessons from the far end: caterpillar frass-induced defenses in maize, rice, cabbage and tomato. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 42:1130–1141.  Reinders, J.D. 2017. Spatial variation in western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis corn events in Nebraska. M.S. thesis. University of Nebraska – Lincoln.  Reisig, D.D. 2017. Factors associated with willingness to plant non-Bt maize refuge and suggestions for increasing refuge compliance. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmx002  Rostás, M., Hiltpold, I. 2017. Editorial: Grassland-Invertebrate Interactions: Plant Productivity, Resilience and Community Dynamics. Frontiers in Plant Sciences 8. Sappington, T.W., and R.A. Hufbauer. 2017. Application of kin theory to long-standing problem in nematode production for biocontrol. Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology doi:10.1111/eva.12348  Sappington, T.W., and N.J. Miller. 2017. Editorial overview: Pests and resistance: Shedding the albatross of resistance starts by embracing the ecological complexities of its evolution. Current Opinion in Insect Science 21: v-viii.  Scientific American: March 2017. “Cornboy vs. The Billion-Dollar Bug”, Feature article about the adaptive western corn rootworm (WCR) highlighting my work on WCR biology, movement and resistance. Written by Hannah Nordhaus. Sci. Am. 316(3):64-71.  Seong, K.M., B.S. Coates, W. Sun, J.M. Clark, and B.R. Pittendrigh. 2017. Adaptation of neuronal signaling and cell stress response pathways in a multigenic response of Drosophila melanogaster to DDT selection. Genome Biology and Evolution 9(12):3356-3372.  Shapiro-Ilan, D.I., Hiltpold, I., Lewis, E.E. (2017) Nematodes. In: Hajek AE, Shapiro-Ilan DI (eds) Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp 415-440.  Smith, J.L., Lepping, M.D., Rule, D.M., Farhan, Y., Schaafsma, A.W. 2017. Evidence for field-evolved resistance of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis protein and transgenic corn hybrids in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Economic Entomology. 110(5): 2217-2228. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox228.  Smith, J.L., Y. Farhan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2017. Susceptibility of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) collections made in Canada in 2014, 2015, and 2016 to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins. Interim report to Monsanto Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. April 30, 2017.  Smith, J.L., Y. Farhan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2017. Susceptibility of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) collections made in Canada in 2014, 2015, and 2016 to Cry1Ab and Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins. Interim report to Monsanto Canada, Syngenta Canada, Dow AgroSciences, DuPont Pioneer and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. April 30, 2017.  Smith, J.L., Y. Farhan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2017. Susceptibility of Western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) collections made in Canada in 2014 and 2015 to mCry3A Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein. Interim report to Syngenta Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. April 30, 2017.  Smith, J.L., Y. Farhan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2017. Susceptibility of Western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) collections made in Canada in 2014 and 2015 to Cry34/35Ab1 Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein. Final report to Pioneer Hi-Bred Production Ltd., Dow AgroSciences, and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. April 30, 2017.  Smith, J.L., Y. Farhan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2017. Susceptibility of Western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) collections made in Canada in 2014 and 2015 to Cry3Bb1 Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein. Final report to Monsanto Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. April 30, 2017.  Tooker, J.F., Douglas, M.R., and Krupke, C.H. 2017. Neonicotinoid seed treatments: Limitations and compatibility with Integrated Pest Management. Agricultural and Environmental Letters. doi:10.2134/ael2017.08.0026.  Varsani, S., Basu, S., Williams, W.P., Felton, G.W., Luthe, D.S. and Louis, J. 2016. Intraplant communication in maize contributes to defense against insects. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 11, e1212800.  Venugopal, P.D., Dively, G.P. 2017. Climate change, transgenic corn adoption and field-evolved resistance in corn earworm. R.Soc.opensci. 4:170210. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170210">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170210</a>  Wang, Y., W. Guo, K.S. Kim, Q. Li, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, and B.S. Coates. 2017. Introgression between divergent corn borer species in a region of sympatry: implications on the evolution and adaptation of pest arthropods. Mol. Ecol. 26(24): 6892-6907.  Wangila, D.S., A.J. Valencia, H. Wang, B.D. Siegfried, L.J. Meinke. 2017. Influence of calcareous soil on Cry3Bb1 expression and efficacy in the field. Transgenic Research 26: 419-428. doi: 10.1007/s11248-017-0014-5.  Wright, R., Hunt, T.E. 2017. Nebraska Soybean Insect Pests. In Nebraska Soybean and Corn Pocket Field Guide, Specht, J.E., and T. Hoegemeyer (Ed.), (pp. 92-106). Nebraska Soybean Board, Nebraska Corn Board, and United Soybean Board.  Wright, R., T. Hunt. 2017. Watch for European corn borer in non-traited corn. Proceedings of the 2017 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 48-49. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.  Wright, R., J. Peterson, T. Hunt, J. Bradshaw and J. McMechan. 2017. Crop Insect Resistance Issues in Nebraska. Proceedings of the 2017 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 34-35. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.  Zhang, T., B.S. Coates, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, and K. He. 2017. Down-regulation of aminopeptidase N and ABC transporter subfamily G transcripts in Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac resistant Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).  Intl. J. Biol. Sci. 13(7):835-851.  Zhang, T.T., Y. Sun, K.W. Wanner, B.S. Coates, K.L. He, and Z. Wang. 2017. Binding affinity of five pheromone binding proteins to Ostrinia pheromones.  BMC Mol. Biol. 18(1): 4.  Scientific and Outreach Presentations  Archibald W.R., R.J. Wright and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Identification of arthropod predators of Striacosta albicosta and feeding trials with key predators. NCB-ESA, Indianapolis, IN.  Archibald W.R., R.J. Wright and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Survey of natural enemies for the North American maize pest Striacosta albicosta. 26th International Working Group on Ostrinia and Other Maize Pests Conference, Beijing, China.  Archibald W.R., D.B. Jones, R.J. Wright and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Feeding damage from Striacosta albicosta at various infestation rates on Bt hybrids and implications for economic injury levels. 26th International Working Group on Ostrinia and Other Maize Pests Conference, Beijing, China.  Bentivenha J., D. Montezano, E. Baldin, S. Paula-Moraes, J. Peterson and T. Hunt. 2017. Interactions and behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda with Helicoverpa spp. on corn. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Colombo da Luz P., D.G. Montezano, K.A. Swoboda Bhattarai, T.E. Hunt, R.J. Wright and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Analysis of thirty years of light trap data for western bean cutworm Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Nebraska. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Clifton, E.H., S.T. Jaronski, B.S. Coates, E.W. Hodgson, and A.J. Gassmann. 2017. Effects of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean aphid, Aphis glycines.  Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology.  San Diego, California (poster)   Coates B.S. 2017. Methods for genotyping by sequencing. July 2017 Arthropod Genomics Research Teleconference and Webinar. Beltsville, MD.  Coates B.S., et al. 2017. The sequencing and assembly of the Ostrinia nubilalis genome. 26th International Working Group of Ostrinia and other Maize Pests. Beijing, China. April 10-13.  Coates, B.S., A.J. Gassmann, and B.D. Siegfried. 2017. Quantitative trait locus mapping of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin resistance traits using high density genotyping by sequencing markers.  Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Denver, CO. (Oral Presentation #1170, Nov 7, 2017)  Dively, G.P. Invited speaker. Field-evolved Resistance in Corn Earworm to Cry Proteins Expressed in Transgenic Sweet Corn, IOBC-WPRS Meeting, GMOs in Integrated Plant Production, Ghent, Belgium 2017.  Dopman, E.B., G. Kozak, and B.S. Coates. 2017. (Stanley) Beck to the future: Development and seasonal biology of Ostrinia nubilalis. Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Denver, CO. (Oral Presentation #0252, Nov 5, 2017).  Daniel S.R., C. Oliveira-Hofman, G.M. Owen and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Spider diversity and abundance in Nebraska agroecosystems and the implication for biological control. Kansas Entomological Society Annual Meeting, Lincoln, NE.  Daniel S.R., G.M. Owen and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Spider communities in Nebraska agroecosystems and their trophic interactions with key corn pests. NCB-ESA, Indianapolis, IN. French, B., A.J. Gassmann, and B.E. Hibbard. 2017. Offspring survivorship of diapausing and non-diapausing western corn rootworm under field and laboratory conditions. Entomological Society of America. Denver, Colorado (poster). Hoffart E.K., D.G. Montezano and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Impact of insecticide applications for western bean cutworm on beneficial arthropods. Kansas Entomological Society Annual Meeting, Lincoln, NE.  Hunt, T.E. and S. Paula-Moraes. 2017. Consideracoes para a manutecao da tecnologia de plantas transgênicas como ferramenta no MIP. Federal Goiano Institute Plant Protection Workshop, Urutái, Goais, Brasil, October 19, 2017.  Hunt T.E., J.A. Peterson, B.S. Coates and S.N. Zukoff. 2017. Evaluating the efficacy of insect resistance management plans for delaying the onset of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin resistance in western bean cutworm populations: a model for ear feeding lepidopteran larvae. USDA-Biotechnology Risk-Assessment Grant Program Recipients Meeting, Washington, DC.  Kaster, V., M. Rice, and T. Sappington. 2017. Scouting, quarantine and control for the European corn borer, 1917-1926. 65th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Denver, CO.  Kozak G.M., C.B. Wadsworth, B.S. Coates, and E.B Dopman. 2017. Genome-wide association mapping of seasonal mating time of the European corn borer.  Evolution Meetings, Portland, OR.  Krupke C., J. Spencer, C. DiFonzo, J. Smith, C. Pilcher, M. Lepping, and D. Rule. 2017. “How to manage insect resistance in Bt crops”, an instructional YouTube Video. Created by Purdue Agriculture, produced by USDA-CSREES Multi-state Research Project NC246: Ecology and Management of Arthropods in Corn. Financial support from members of the North Central Regional Association: Michigan State University, Purdue University, The Ohio State University, University of Illinois, and University of Nebraska. 5 min 26 sec. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5p8EoIX7AQ&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5p8EoIX7AQ&feature=youtu.be</a>  Lepping, M., M. Carrol, T.J. Deheny, G.P. Head, I.O. Oyediran, C.D. Pilcher, M.E. Rice, C. Sansone, N. Storer, A.M. Vélez and B.D. Siegfried. 2017. European corn borer management – An industry perspective Entomological Society of America Meeting, Denver, CO, USA. November 5, 2017.  Louis J. Plant defense and insect counter-defense: Battle for survival. Department of Plant Pathology Seminar Series, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE (March 6, 2017).  Louis J. Omic approaches to decipher plant defense mechanisms against insect pests. International Congress of Entomology, Orlando, FL (September 25 – 30, 2016).  Louis J. Omics approaches to understand plant defense against insects. Botany Society of America, Savannah, GA (July 30 – August 3, 2016).  Louis J. Functional genomics of maize defense against corn leaf aphids. International Plant Resistance to Insects Symposium, Stellenbosch, South Africa (March 5 – 8, 2016).  Louis J. Plant defense and insect counter-defense: unraveling complex interactions. Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (February 19, 2016). McMechan J., and R. Wright. 2017. Insect Pests of Corn and Soybeans. ENREC New Crop Scout Training Clinic. Mead, NE.  McMechan J., and R. Wright. 2017. Insect Pests of Corn and Soybeans. ENREC Advanced Crop Scout Training Clinic. Mead, NE.  McMechan J., and R. Wright. 2017. Non-GMO Corn Insect Management and Ear Formation Issues in 2016. Wilber Crop Clinic. Wilber, NE.  McMechan J., and R. Wright. 2017. Insect Pests of Corn and Soybeans. Crop Management Diagnostic Clinic. Mead, NE.  McMechan J. and R. Wright. 2017. Current and Emerging Pests of Cover Crops Systems. Nebraska Agri-Business Association: Ag. Update. York, NE.  Meinke, L.J., D.S. Wangila, A.E. Pereira, D.S. Souza, J.D. Reinders, B. Vieira, B.D. Siegfried, S.N. Zukoff, J.A. Peterson, G. Kruger. 2017. Corn rootworm resistance management update. Nebraska Crop Management Conference, University of Nebraska-Extension, Kearney, NE. 20 January 2017.  Meinke, L.J., D.S. Wangila, A.E. Pereira, D.S. Souza, J.D. Reinders, B. Vieira, B.D. Siegfried, S.N. Zukoff, J.A. Peterson, G. Kruger. 2017. Corn rootworm resistance management update. DuPont-Pioneer Area Agronomy Meetings, Kearney and North Platte, NE. February 13, 15, 2017.  Mollet K.A., D.G. Montezano and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Impact of perennial non-crop habitat at center-pivot irrigation corners on ecosystem services for adjacent maize fields. 26th International Working Group on Ostrinia and Other Maize Pests Conference, Beijing, China.  Mollet K.A., D.G. Montezano and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Perennial conservation habitat at center-pivot irrigation corners enhances predation in adjacent cornfields. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Montezano D.G., A.M. Vélez, J.A. Peterson, A.E. Pereira and T.E. Hunt. 2017. Susceptibility of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) populations to the pyrethroid bifenthrin in the United States. In Section Symposium: “Celebrating a Centennial of Corn Borers: What Have We Learned Since the Introduction?” Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Montezano D.G., T.E. Hunt and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Impact of chemical and transgenic management on survival and development of western bean cutworm. In Symposium: “Recent Advances in the Integrated Pest Management of Wheat and Associated Field Crops by Young and Early Career Scientists.” NCB-ESA, Indianapolis, IN.  Montezano D.G., T.E. Hunt and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Immature stages of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Developmental parameters on Cry1F, Vip3A, and non-Bt maize. 26th International Working Group on Ostrinia and Other Maize Pests Conference, Beijing, China.  Montezano D.G., T.E. Hunt, P. Colombo da Luz and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Effects of Bt maize expressing Cry1F and Vip3A on Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) immature stages. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Montezano D.G., A. Vélez, A. Pereira, T. Hunt and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Susceptibility of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta) populations to the pyrethroid bifenthrin in the Midwestern United States. NCB-ESA, Indianapolis, IN.  Montezano D.G., T.E. Hunt, J.A. Peterson, A.E. Pereira and A.M. Vélez. 2017. Susceptibility of Ostrinia nubilalis and Striacosta albicosta populations to the pyrethroid bifenthrin in the Midwestern United States. 26th International Working Group on Ostrinia and Other Maize Pests Conference, Beijing, China.  Oliveira-Hofman, C., A.O. Adesemoye, L.J. Meinke & J.A. Peterson. 2017. Assessment of soil entomopathogens from maize fields of western Nebraska, USA: Can they be useful for western corn rootworm control? 26th International Working Group on Ostrinia and Other Maize Pests Conference, Beijing, China. Oliveira-Hofman, C., T.O. Powers, L.J. Meinke & J.A. Peterson. 2017. DNA barcoding of nematodes recovered from soil baiting in Nebraska corn fields. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Peterson, J.A. 2017. Western bean cutworm: Nebraska perspectives. Monsanto Academic Corn Summit. St. Louis, MO.  Peterson, J.A., W.R. Archibald, D.G. Montezano, J.D. Bradshaw, B.D. Siegfried and S.N. Zukoff. 2017. Identifying pest management solutions for problematic western bean cutworm infestations: CARE grant update. USDA-NIFA Project Directors’ Meeting, Washington, DC.  Peterson, J.A. 2017. Tackling the western bean cutworm: Applied ecology, behavior and toxicology to better manage a difficult pest., North Carolina State University Department of Entomology, Raleigh, NC.  Peterson, J.A., J.D. Bradshaw and R.J. Wright. 2017. NC-205: Ecology and Management of Western Bean Cutworm in Nebraska. UNL Agricultural Research Division Annual Faculty Meeting, Lincoln, NE.  Peterson, J.A., R. Seymour, K. Swoboda Bhattarai & P. Colombo da Luz. 2017. Economics of Western Corn Rootworm and Western Bean Cutworm Control. West Central Crops & Water Field Day, North Platte, NE.  Peterson, J.A., W.R. Archibald, D.G. Montezano & K.A. Mollet. 2017. Pest Control Using Beneficial Insects in Nebraska. Ecologically Based Pest and Disease Management Conference, North Platte, NE.  Peterson, J.A., W.R. Archibald, K.A. Mollet, D.G. Montezano and R.J. Wright. 2017. Conservation Biocontrol Research in Nebraska: Pivot Corners and Lady Beetles. Nebraska Agri-Business Association Meeting, Lincoln, NE.  Peterson, J.A., W.R. Archibald, D.G. Montezano, K. Swoboda Bhattarai and P. Colombo da Luz. 2017. Western Bean Cutworm: What are they up to? Nebraska Independent Crop Consultant Association Annual Meeting, Norfolk, NE.  Peterson, J.A., R. Seymour, K. Swoboda Bhattarai and P. Colombo da Luz. 2017. Economics of Western Corn Rootworm and Western Bean Cutworm Control. West Central Crops and Water Field Day, North Platte, NE.  Peterson, J.A. 2017. Special Considerations for Western Bean Cutworm Management in Seed Corn Operations. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Doniphan, NE.  Peterson, J.A., W.R. Archibald, D.G. Montezano and K.A. Mollet. 2017. Pest Control Using Beneficial Insects in Nebraska. Ecologically Based Pest and Disease Management Conference, North Platte, NE.  Peterson, J.A., W.R. Archibald, K.A. Mollet, D.G. Montezano and R.J. Wright. 2017. Conservation Biocontrol Research in Nebraska: Pivot Corners and Lady Beetles. Xerces Society Farming with Beneficial Insects for Pest Control: Conservation Biological Control Short Course, Mead, NE. Peterson, J.A. and K. Mollet. 2017. Impacts of within field plant diversity on conservation biological control. On-Farm Research Report to Steve Tucker and Upper Republican NRCS, Grant, NE.  Peterson, J.A., D. Montezano, J. Bradshaw and T. Hunt. 2017. Western Bean Cutworm: Resistance and Research Updates. DuPont Pioneer Customer Appreciation Meetings, Kearney and North Platte, NE. Peterson, J.A., J. Bradshaw, T. Hunt, R. Seymour and R. Wright. 2017. Western Bean Cutworm: Resistance and Research Updates. Nebraska Extension Crop Management Conference, Kearney, NE.  Portillo, H.E., V.B. Steward, J. Krumm, J. Meredith, J.A. Peterson and S. Zukoff. 2017. Steward EC (indoxacarb): A new mode of action insecticide for control of corn rootworm adults and other key pests in corn. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO. Reinders, J., and L.J. Meinke. 2017. Landscape variation in western corn rootworm susceptibility to Cry3Bb1 in Nebraska. NCB-Entomological Society of America, Cleveland, OH. Reinders, J., and L.J. Meinke. 2017. Impact of field history on western corn rootworm susceptibility to Cry3Bb1 in Nebraska. Entomological Society of America national meeting. Denver, CO. Reynolds R., K.A. Mollet and J.A. Peterson. 2017. High-diversity pivot corners near agricultural fields increase abundance and diversity of beneficial insects. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO. Sappington, T.W. 2017. Using population genetics to answer critical questions about pest dispersal. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science. Beijing, China.  Sappington, T.W. 2017. Estimating gene flow to understand dispersal of insect pests of crops. Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, China. Sappington, T.W. 2017. Evidence for migratory flight behavior of western corn rootworm. 26th IWGO Conference (International Working Group on Ostrinia and Other Maize Pests), Beijing, China, 2017.  Souza, D.S., A.E. Pereira, B.D. Siegfried, N.J. Miller, S.N. Zukoff, B. Vieira, G. Kruger, J.A. Peterson, R.J. Wright, G. Sarath, and L.J. Meinke. 2017. Western corn rootworm resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Monsanto Corn Academic Summit, Chesterfield, MO.  Souza, D., J.A. Peterson, R.J. Wright & L.J. Meinke. 2017. Effect of adult western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance on performance of soil insecticides. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Souza, D., B. Vieira, B. Fritz, W. Hoffmann, J.A. Peterson, G. Kruger & L.J. Meinke. 2017. Use of simulated aerial application to evaluate foliar insecticides for control of pyrethroid resistant western corn rootworms. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Denver, CO.  Tilmon K., C. DiFonzo, C. Krupke, A. Michel, J. Peterson, E. Shields and J. Tooker. 2017. Status of western bean cutworm resistance to Cry1F. In Symposium: “Insecticide/Trait Resistance of Agronomic Pests in the North Central Region.” NCB-ESA, Indianapolis, IN. Varsani, S., Basu, S. and Louis, J. Maize defense responses to phloem sap-sucking corn leaf aphid. International Congress of Entomology, Orlando, FL (September 25 – 30, 2016).  Varsani, S., Basu, S., Koch, K., Heng-Moss, T. and Louis, J. Mir1-CP mediated maize resistance against corn leaf aphids. Entomological Society of America’s Annual Meeting, Denver, CO (November 5 – 8, 2017).  Varsani, S., Basu, S., Koch, K., Heng-Moss, T. and Louis, J.. Maize defense responses to insect herbivory. North Central Brach Entomological Society of America’s Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN (June 3 – 5, 2017).  Vélez, A.M. 2017. Cry1F resistance among lepidopteran pests: a model for improved resistance management? Society of Invertebrate Pathology, San Diego, CA, USA. August 14, 2017.  Vélez, A.M., M. Lepping, P.A. Price, and B.D. Siegfried. Twenty-one years of Bt resistance monitoring for European corn borer: What have we learned? Entomological Society of America Meeting, Denver, CO, USA. November 5, 2017.  Vélez, A.M. 2017. Current and Emerging Technologies for Insect Pest Management: A Stress Biology Approach. Seminar: DuPont Young Professor Award, Johnston, IA, USA. August 9, 2017.  Vélez, A.M. 2017. RNA Interference for Insect Pest Management. Central States Chapter - Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting. Ames, Iowa, USA. September 22, 2017.  Vélez, A.M. 2017. RNA Interference for Insect Pest Management. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IA, USA. October 19, 2017.  Vélez, A.M. 2017. Current and Emerging Technologies for Insect Pest Management: A Stress Biology Approach. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. December 5, 2017. Vélez , A.M. and D. Pinheiro. 2017. Core machinery, mechanisms of RNAi and Potential Mechanisms of resistance in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Monsanto Corn Academic Summit, Chesterfield, MO, USA. February 22, 2017.  Yu, E., A.J. Gassmann, and T. Sappington. 2017. Understanding dispersal by Diabrotica virgifera virgifera: Effects of larval density on flight and effect of flight on female reproduction. 65th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Denver, CO.

Impact Statements

Survey of Helicoverpa armigera in the Florida Panhandle. The Florida Panhandle, in the Gulf Coast region, is a likely pathway for the introduction of quarantine pests, such as through the immigration flights of moths from South and Central Americans and through the terrestrial traffic of commodities. Helicoverpa armigera, a quarantine pest in the U.S., has been reported in South America since the crop season of 2012/2013. As a result of a meeting held on March 15, 2017, SERA 003 members listed this species as an IPM priority, considering its risk of introduction in the U.S. and potential economic impact. A statewide pest-monitoring network for the early detection of this quarantine pest has been performed and no occurrence of this species was detected in 2017.

Date of Annual Report: 05/08/2019

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/22/2019 - 01/24/2019
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2018 - 12/31/2018

Participants

Buntin, George David (gbuntin@griffin.uga.edu)-Georgia - University of Georgia; Bynum, Ed (ebynum@ag.tamu.edu)-Texas A&M; DiFonzo, Christina (difonzo@msu.edu)-Michigan - Michigan State University; Dively, Galen (galen@umd.edu)-University of Maryland; Fuller, Billy (Billy.fuller@sdstate.edu)-South Dakota - South Dakota State University; Gassmann, Aaron (aaronjg@iastate.edu)-Iowa - Iowa State University; Hodgson, Erin (ewh@iastate.edu)-Iowa State University; Huang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcenter.lsu.edu)-Louisiana - Louisiana State University; Hunt, Thomas E. (thunt2@unl.edu)-Nebraska - University of Nebraska; Hurley, Terrence (tmh@umn.edu)-Minnesota - University of Minnesota; Jensen, Bryan (bmjense1@facstaff.wisc.edu)-Wisconsin - University of Wisconsin; Kowles, Katelyn (katelyn.kowles@gmail.com)-Texas A&M; Knodel, Janet J (Janet.Knodel@ndsu.edu)-North Dakota - North Dakota State University; Krupke, Christian (ckrupke@purdue.edu)-Indiana - Purdue University; Mason, Charles (mason@udel.edu)-Delaware - University of Delaware; McMechan, Justin (justin.mcmechan@unl.edu)-Nebraska - University of Nebraska; Meinke, Lance J. (lmeinke1@unl.edu)-Nebraska - University of Nebraska; Michel, Andrew P (michel.70@osu.edu)-Ohio - Ohio State University; Miller, Nicholas (nmiller11@iit.edu)- Illinois Institute of Technology; Moraes, Silvana Vieira de Paula (paula.moraes@ufl.edu)-Florida - University of Florida; Ostlie, Kenneth R. (ostli001@umn.edu)-Minnesota - University of Minnesota; Owens, David (owensd@udel.edu)-University of Delaware; Peterson, Julie (julie.peterson@unl.edu)-Nebraska - University of Nebraska; Porter, Pat (pat.porter@ag.tamu.edu)-Texas A&M; Reisig, Dominic (ddreisig@ncsu.edu)-North Carolina - North Carolina State University; Seiter, Nicholas (nseiter@illinois.edu)-Illinois - University of Illinois; Spencer, Joseph (spencer1@uiuc.edu)-Illinois - University of Illinois; Smith, Jocelyn (jocelyn@uoguelph.ca)-University of Guelph; Springborn, Fred (springb2@msu.edu)-Michigan State University; Swoboda, Katharine (kswoboda3@unl.edu)-University of Nebraska Lincoln; Tilmon, Kelley J (tilmon.1@osu.edu)-Ohio - Ohio State University; Tooker, John F (tooker@psu.edu)-Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania State; Veronica Calles Torrez (veronica.callestorre@ndsu.edu)-North Dakota State University; Villanueva, Raul (raul.villanueva@uky.edu)-Kentucky - University of Kentucky; Wright, Robert J (rwright2@unl.edu)-Nebraska - University of Nebraska; Zukoff, Sarah N (snzukoff@ksu.edu)-Kansas - Kansas State University.

Brief Summary of Minutes

2020 meeting discussion. Money left over from the San Antonio meeting was transferred to Kelly Tillman to subsidize this meeting. Location for 2020 meeting will be in Madison, Wisconsin hosted by Bryan Jensen- dates will January 21, 2022 January 23, 2020 -selected and voted for. All were in favor. Discussion occurred on the meeting time because of the government shut down but committee decided not to change the time or date at this time hoping the government would not shut down next year. Andy discussed state report submission via a website or a fill-in PDF form for the 2020 meeting. The objective is to make it easier for the secretary and to make it standardized for everyone. We will need to include an extra section for those who want to include other things. And there should be a standard citation section as well. Industry wants copies of our state reports and there was discussion of whether they should be allowed. It was decided to refer them to the website of NC 246 as we publish our reports and make them public. There was also discussion about industry wanting a copy of our state reports before they come in for their session. Nothing was proposed on this. It was noted that the meeting with industries to exchange information and industry can choose to attend and have a focused discussion or not.

2020 Rewrite. It was noted that we need a new draft agreement for the NC 246 and that the executive committee will be appointing subcommittees for the objectives. We were advised to make changes so it is understood we have made advances and to not make objectives overly complicated to help the government review team. September 30 submit the list of participants, select a leader, form a writing team, format is listed on the NCERA site. Contact Christa Hamilton to walk us through it. Objectives need to be revised and tweaked by September 30 to October 1 new project due.

Monitoring for Bt resistance. Collecting from Bt corn is becoming an issue and attorneys will not let you keep any data from that. Companies could block this and cause problems when we try to make the data public. There was discussion on the 5% refuge for single Bt traits and how it should not be allowed anymore. We were told it was being phased out by the companies but exact details were not given. Community refuge idea was brought up again for ear feeding caterpillars. Resistance monitoring issues were brought up as well including the fact that we, as scientists, monitor for resistance issues, but perhaps that is more of something the companies should be doing. It was suggested by industry that we should focus more on new ideas, preventing issues, and creating a successful IRM plan for ear feeding pests. Sentinel plots were briefly discussed and putting these in the greatest hotspots. We discussed putting out a methods paper that companies can use and refer back to. The reason being is we are the experts on corn pests. We should include where to collect, what bioassays to use, and the different levels that should be expected from each of the bioassays. We should include what mitigation action against the Bt failures is acceptable to us and what we recommend. We should discuss what a standard sentinel plot would look like. What is the differences and if true isolines are available for each of these for sentinel plots? Are there true isolines for sweetcorn? It was discussed that we have less than 10 years for Vip and that long-term IRM is not possible for Bt‘s anymore. The creation of a methods paper on monitoring for Bt resistance as an official entity. Companies can use this as standard. Juan Luis-fall armyworm genomes have been sequenced from different regions. DNA based monitoring set of markers for frequency of alleles is needed. Noted was possible Cry1A and Cry1F toxin receptor mutations. How can we detect mutations? For Vip- what is the threshold for unexpected damage, EPA wants to know. We need a harmonized message and shared BMPs.

We need sentinel plots to detect Vip resistance. For refuge management, why plant refuge if the farmers can’t see the difference. Bayer/Monsanto noted that there are standalone roundup ready varieties with good yields and they have lots of unsold inventory. “So where is the need that we keep talking about?” We need a proposal in writing for Vip resistance monitoring for ABSTC to be included are toxins needed from the companies, the right germ plasm from the companies. *This should be an issue brought up at the International Corn Summit. *

Where do we stand on these?

What would successful resistance monitoring look like for each of the species as this is not even standard across the board.

What is our own definition of resistance?

What does successful IRM for ear feeding pests look like.

What should be the proper mitigation of Bt failure?

We need a threshold for “additional action necessary” for being proactive.

Note: How Corteva deals with UXD. Corteva said there is less than 1% that is single trait toxins. Corteva makes an effort to talk to neighbor of growers about BMPs. They inform the EPA within 30 days of confirmation of resistance. They inform local extension agents, growers and, experts in the area. Their mitigation area is half mile with an unexpected damage area.

For ABSTC the definition of resistance is not as important as the “action threshold”. The threshold of action to nip it in the bud as soon as complaint comes in. They mentioned the more regulation the worse the problem will be. However, we noted that the frequency of resistance alleles in a population is important so that should be monitored.

A discussion on the BMP before resistance occurs. ABSTC wants us to research what to do after resistance is found. It was mentioned that a priority should be to lower selection pressure first. Pointing out resistance issues is important but this is more reactive and what they want is more predictive or proactive approach. Part of this involves product selection which is still very important as well as monitoring.

Our BMP’s: We have assumptions about the Bt refuge and how and why to use it. We need to make sure ag professionals understand this. If pests aren’t there, don’t use the pest product. Scouting is important. Not using a same product every year. If we could predict where past populations are, we could put the right product down although this can be very hard to predict. What is the economic impact of the BMPs? We need to be able to communicate value over time regarding the BMP’s. Farmers think more on this year’s yield and less on long-term durability. It is important to not put so much emphasis on the insect pest itself but also on resistance to the pathogen it transmits. Planting dates with certain traits, for example use Vip only in late planted corn. Find out what the pests are really doing, for example cannibalism in Bt- corn earworm get too sick to eat each other when feeling on Bt’s. Are there any conventional seed sources with resistance?

Bagtag agreements. The permission to do Bt tests and general use was discussed. Pat Porter brought up the bag tag agreement again and we need to update the relaxed service agreements as well as our master service agreement for our specific universities. Do we know who our contract negotiation officer is in our research offices? We need to know who specifically in each of the companies we need to contact for these. We went through our master service agreement template and completely updated it. However, it was stated by the companies that the one we came up with is too specific and the lawyers would have it for years. They asked us to redo to be more general. However, it was discussed that we don’t gain protections from general guidelines. Side note: Are sentinel plots in the agreements?

Non-Bt and non-treated seed. It was stated that farmers do not usually know what they are planting and that volunteer corn is and has been an issue. It was noted that sellers are also not aware of the actual traits they are selling at times. It was stated that names of toxins are not important to farmers and that this information on toxins is hard to find. It was noted that companies develop programs or packages so farmers aren’t bogged down in the details and they don’t have to think about these things as they are provided in a package form. It was noted again that monitoring needs to go into the decision but that it’s driven by economics. The availability of non-Bt corn is still an issue. Pennsylvania and Michigan and other fringe states have greater availability of the none Bt corn. We need to put together an informational survey and find out what knowledge is out there on Bt usage. This should include what the traits are, what they control and when to use Bt traits. Variety testing at universities is usually conducted with Bts so we have no information on the comparison of a non-Bt varieties. What is the benefit of variety testing -if you include information on return on investments, monitoring costs, scouting costs, it may be economically viable to use non-Bt. Seed treatment costs add to the cost of the seed overall and these are usually to control secondary pests which are only a minor issue. We need an analysis that will include the cost for pest management yet extract the Bt costs- note this may be difficult. The goal would be to show if there’s a dramatic overpayment-cost-and yield potential’s for different areas. It was noted that it is hard to break even when using seed treatments. How do we figure in incentive costs like buying early? Then put this model out. Christian Krupke has taken the lead on this subcommittee to create a spreadsheet for economic models for seed treatment costs. Kelly Hambee-Delaware has information on in furrow versus seed treatments.

Extension meetings versus company meetings. Confusion occurs when extension and companies have different views for ag professionals. Perhaps there is different audiences at extension meetings versus company meetings. Extension meetings are sometimes plagued with problems like low attendees, attendees may only show if we offer CCE credits and use giveaways. Some universities are charging which some may prefer since it sends a message of worth. Extension messages tend to be more complex while industry has simple messages. Companies tend to have more streamlined communication while extension has a greater frequency of meetings. There are more community county extension meetings and only four from Pioneer for example. Meetings that are more friends and neighbors tend to be better attended. Information is readily available online, why come to a meeting. Folks too busy to attend. We offer unbiased information about products. Independent consultants can be a big help in getting out good information. We need better news and electronic newsletters. We need to provide the farmers’ problems with real solutions. Training new faculty is important and to get them connected to our group. We develop stuff, put it out there everyone uses it without credit to us-bad?, good? QR code to get us two extension stuff printed materials faster? Printed materials, free cards and info still relevant despite online availability. PDFs easier to read.

WCR permit. The permit was discussed. What would we like to see in terms of a permit wording? Add in Mexican corn route worm for the south. Explain wild type versus non-wild type with references. Who will lead the new permit writing? We need an update of Wade his position and to send a letter of support for the colonies.

Insecticide resistance and monitoring. We need to add in bees and exposure to sprays for the rewrite, include pyrethroids and adjuvants and how they affect pollinators. We need 1) proactive resistance monitoring for insecticides 2) coordinate standard assays across different universities 3) proactively monitor.

Accomplishments

NC246 organized a Western Bean Cutworm (WBC) Summit in conjunction with the Entomological Society of America (ESA) National Meeting in Vancouver, BC on November 10, 2018.  Twenty-eight participants from biotech seed corn companies, regulatory agencies (US-EPA and USDA-APHIS), and federal (USDA-ARS) and universities convened to discuss current difficulties producers encounter in the control of WBC.  This meeting among major stakeholders reviewed the status of current knowledge of WBC biology, ecology, and management tactics in relation to the efficacy of integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM) tactics.  Moreover, a meeting report was distributed which outlined the inadequacies of IRM and IPM strategies, and developed priorities for future research.   NC246 members organized a Western Bean Cutworm Symposium held in conjunction with the 9th International IPM Symposium on March 21, 2018 in Baltimore, MD, with the goal to improve understanding of the IPM issues surrounding WBC.  This symposium program had six invited presenters from across the United States, Canada, and Mexico, along with a concurrent poster and extension materials session.  Presentations were taped and videos of the oral, poster, and extension presentations were made available for public viewing.   NC246 members organized a symposium entitled “Current Research on the Biology and Management of Insect Pests in Corn: Crossing Borders from Genes to Populations” at the ESA National Meeting on November 13, 2018.  These presentations by NC246 members showcased research performed by committee members, and communicated outcomes and impacts to an audience of international stakeholders.   The Handy Bt Trait Table at <a href="https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html">https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html</a> is an independent unbiased source of information regarding the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein toxins in all commercially available corn hybrids.  The updated version for 2018 received nearly 2,300 unique page views from states across the entire Corn Belt within the first few days.  The trait table is also free for distribution in magazines, extension bulletins, and meetings.  This is an important one-stop source of unbiased information about trait packages to aid farmers in selecting seed traits.

Publications

Peer-reviewed publications: Abdelgaffar, H., Tague, E.D., Castro Gonzalez, H.F., Campagna, S.R., J.L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2019. Midgut metabolomics profiling of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) with field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1748(18)30401-6.   Alford, A.M., C H Krupke.2018. A Meta-analysis and Economic Evaluation of Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments and Other Prophylactic Insecticides in Indiana Maize From 2000–2015 With IPM Recommendations, J. Econ. Entomol., 111(2):689–699,   Archibald W.R., J.D. Bradshaw, D.A. Golick, R.J. Wright and J.A. Peterson. 2017. Nebraska growers’ and crop consultants’ knowledge and implementation of integrated pest management of western bean cutworm. J. Int. Pest Man. 9(1): 1-7.   Babu, A., D. D. Reisig. 2018. Developing a sampling plan for brown stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in field corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 1915-1926 . Babu, A., D. D. Reisig. 2018. Within-plant distribution of adult brown stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in corn and its implications on stink bug sampling and management in corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 1927-1939.   Basu S., Pereira A.E., Pinheiro D.H., Wang H.,Valencia-Jiménez A., Siegfried B.D., Louis J., Zhou X., A.M. Vélez. 2018. Evaluation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR analysis in southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (Barber). Scientific Reports.   Bernklau, E. J., B. E. Hibbard, L. B. Bjostad. 2018. Sugar preferences of western corn rootworm larvae in a feeding stimulant blend. J. Appl. Entomol. 142: 947-958   Bibb, J. L., Cook, D., Catchot, A., Musser, F., Stewart, S. D., Leonard, B. R., Buntin, G. D., Kerns, D. Allen, T. W. Gore, J. (2018). Impact of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Field Corn (Poales: Poaceae) Yield and Grain Quality. J. Econ. Entomol, 111(3), 1249-1255.   Bilbo, T., F.P.F. Reay-Jones, D. D. Reisig, F. R. Musser, J. K. Greene. 2018. Effects of Bt corn on the development and fecundity of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 2233-2241.     Bohn, M.O., J.J. Marroquin, S. Flint-Garcia, K. Dashiell, D.B.Willmot, B.E. Hibbard. 2018. QTL mapping of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) host plant resistance in two populations of doubled haploid lines in maize (Zea mays L.). J. Econ. Entomol. 111:435–444.   Brown, S., J.A. David, R. Diaz, L. Foil, K. Healy, F. Huang, T. Reagan, L. Moshman, D. Ring, T. Schowalter, M. Stout, T. Smith, B. Wilson. 2018. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. 1838: 243.   Calles-Torrez, V., J.J. Knodel, M.A. Boetel, C.D. Doetkott, K.K. Podliska, J.K. Ransom, P. Beauzay, B.W. French, B.W. Fuller. 2018. Transgenic Bt corn, soil insecticides and insecticidal seed treatment effects on corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) beetle emergence and larval feeding injury in North Dakota. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 348-360.   Camargo, A. M., D. A. Andow, P. Castañera, G. P. Farinós. 2018. First detection of resistance to Bt maize in Europe. Sci. Reports 8:3977.   Clifton, E.H., Jaronski, S., Coates, B.S., Hodgson, E.W., Gassmann, A.J. 2018. Effects of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean aphid and identification of Metarhizium isolates from agricultural fields. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194815   Coates, B.S., Dopman, E.B., Wanner, K.W., Sappington, T.W. 2018. Genomic mechanisms of sympatric ecological and sexual divergence in a model agricultural pest, the European corn borer. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 26:50-56.   Deans, C.A., Sword, G.A., Lenhart, P. A., Burkness, E., Hutchison, W.D., Behmer, S.T. 2018. Quantifying Plant Soluble Protein and Digestible Carbohydrate Content, Using Corn (Zea mays) As an Exemplar. J. Vis. Exp. (138), e58164.   Disquea, H.H., K.A. Hamby, A. Dubey, C. Taylor, G.P. Dively. 2018. Effects of clothianidin-treated seed on the arthropod community in a mid-Atlantic no-till corn agroecosystem. Pest Management Sci.   Dively, G.P., P.D. Venugopal, D. Bean, J. Whalen, K. Holmstrom, T.P. Kuhar, H.B. Doughty, T. Patton, W. Cissel, & W.D. Hutchison. 2018. Regional pest suppression associated with widespread Bt maize adoption benefits vegetable growers. Proc. National Acad. Sciences (PNAS). 115(13): 3320-3325.   Dubey, A., Dively, G., Lewis, M., K. Hamby. 2018. Do neonicotinoid seed treatments impact soil health and quality in grain crops? University of Maryland Extension Agronomy News: November 2018 9(8): 6-8.   Geisert, R.W., D.J. Cheruiyot, B.E. Hibbard, D.I. Shapiro-Ilan, K.S. Shelby, T.A. Coudron. 2018. Comparative assessment of four Steinernematidae and three Heterorhabditidae species for infectivity of larval Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 542–548.   Grijalba, E., M. Hurst, J. Ibarra, J.L. Jurat-Fuentes, T. Jackson. 2018. Entomopathogenic bacteria in insect biological control. Biological Control of Phytopathogens, Insects and Acari, Chapter 5, pp. 296-333, Edited by A. M. Cotes, Agrosavia, Bogota, Colombia.   Guyer, A., B.E. Hibbard, A. Holzkämper, M. Erb, C.A.M. Robert. 2018. Influence of drought on plant performance through changes in belowground tritrophic interactions. Ecol. Evol. 8: 6756–6765.   Hiltpold, I. B.E. Hibbard. 2018. Indirect root defenses cause induced fitness costs in Bt resistant western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 2349-2358.   Huffman, R.D., Abel, C.A., Pollak, L.M., Goldstein, W., Pratt, R.C., Smith, M.E., Montgomery, K., Grant, L., Edwards, J.W., Scott, M.P. 2018. Maize cultivar performance under diverse organic production systems. Crop Sci. 58(1):253-263.   J.L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2018. Current efficiency of Bt crops in the field, In Bulletin of Research and Development Number 4: Bt Cotton Plants and Resistance Management, Edited by Jean Louis Belot and Rose Monnerat, Cotton Growers Association of Mato Grosso State, Brazil.   Kukanur, V. S., Singh, T. V. K., Kranthi, K. R., D. A. Andow.  2018.  Cry1Ac resistance allele frequency in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) collected in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India. Crop Prot. 107: 34-40.     Lombaert, E., Coisi, M., Miller, N.J., Sappington, T.W., Blin, A., Guillemaud, T. 2018. Colonization history of the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in North America: insights from random forest ABC using microsatellite data. Biol. Invasions. 20(3):665-677.   Ludwick, D.C., A. Zukoff, M. Higdon, B.E. Hibbard. 2018. Protandry of the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) partially due to earlier egg hatch of males J. Kans. Entomol. 90: 94-99.   Ludwick, D.C., L.N. Meihls, M.P. Huynh, A.E. Pereira, B.W. French, T.A. Coudron, and B.E. Hibbard. 2018. A new artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae is compatible with and detects resistance to all current Bt toxins. Sci. Reports: 8:5379   Luz, P.C. (g), Paula-Moraes, S.V., Lopez, J.M.P., Pujol-Luz, J.R., Penteado-Dias, A.M., Specht, A., Diniz, I.R. 2018. Parasitoids associated with Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in refuge area of cotton, in Western Bahia, Brazil. Ciência Rural, v.48: 01, e20170250.   Luz, P.C. (g), Specht, A., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Malaquias, J.V., Ferreira, L.F.M., Otanásio, P.N., Diniz, I.R. 2018. Owlet moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) associated with Bt and non- Bt soybean in the Brazilian savanna. Braz. J. Biol., dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.179759   Mahmoud, M.A.B., R.E. Sharp, M.J. Oliver, D.L. Finke, M. Bohn, M.R. Ellersieck, B.E.Hibbard. 2018. Interactive effects of western corn rootworm and drought on Maize hybrids with and without drought- and rootworm-tolerance in the field. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 193–208.   Mason, C. E., Rice, M. E., DiFonzo, C. D., Porter, R. P., Sappington, T. W., Hunt, T. E., Hellmich, R. L., Baute, T. S., Andow, D. A., Buntin, G. D., et al. (2018). European corn borer ecology, management and association with other corn pests. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Ames, IA, Publication NCR-327.   Meihls, L.N., M.P. Huynh, D.C. Ludwick, T.A. Coudron, B.W. French, K. Shelby, A.J. Hitchon, A.W. Schaafsma, A.E. Pereira, B.E. Hibbard. 2018. Comparison of six artificial diets for support of western corn rootworm bioassays and rearing. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 2727- 2733.   Montezano, D.G., A. Specht, D.R. Sosa-Gómez, V.F. Roque-Specht, J.C. S. Silva, S.V. Paula- Moraes, J.A. Peterson and T.E. Hunt. 2018. Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomol. 26(2).   Nelson, J.L, Hunt, L.G., Lewis, M.T., Hamby, K.A., Hooks, C.R.R., G.P. Dively. 2018. Arthropod communities in warm and cool grass riparian buffers and their influence on natural enemies in adjacent crops. Agric. Ecosystems. Environ. 257: 81-91.   Niu, Y., G.P. Head, P.A. Price, and F. Huang. 2018. Inheritance and fitness costs of Cry1A.105 resistance in two strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Crop Prot. 110:229-235.   Opoku, J., Kleczewski, N. M., Hamby, K.A., Herbert, D. A., Malone, S., and Mehl, H. L. 2018. Relationship between invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) and fumonisin contamination of field corn in the mid-Atlantic U.S. Plant Dis. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-18-1115-RE   Otanasio, P.N., Vieira, L.C.G., Roque-Specht, V.F., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Luz, P.C., Specht, A. 2018. Comparison of two artificial diets to rear Elaphria agrotina. Ciência Rural, 48, DOI10.1590/0103- 8478cr20170375.   Papiernik, S.K., Sappington, T.W., Luttrell, R.G., Hesler, L.S., Allen, K.C. 2018. Overview: Risk factors and historic levels of pressure from insect pests of seedling corn, cotton, soybean, and wheat in the U.S. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 9:1.   Paula-Moraes, S.P, Silva, F.M.A., Specht, A. 2017. Options and challenges for pest management in tropical agriculture: considerations about intensive cropping systems in Brazilian savanna. In: IPM in tropical regions. CABI.   Peterson, J., E.C. Burkness, J.D. Harwood, W.D. Hutchison. 2018. Molecular gut-content analysis reveals high frequency of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) consumption by Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in sweet corn. Biol. Control.121: 1-7.   Pinheiro D.H., Vélez A.M., Fishilevich E., Wang H., Carneiro N.P., Valencia-Jiménez A., Valicente F.H., Narva K.E., B.D. Siegfried. 2018. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is associated with RNAi response in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0201849.   Piovesan, M., Specht, A., Carneiro, E., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Casagrande, M.M. 2018. Phenological patterns of Spodoptera Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) is more affected by ENSO than seasonal factors and host plant availability in a Brazilian Savanna. Int. J. Biometeorol, 62, 413- 422.   Prescott, K. R. D. A. Andow.  2018.  Co-occurrence among intraguild predators: avoidance or aggregation?  Environmental Entomology 47(3): 559-566.   Qin, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Cheng, Y., Sappington, T.W., Jiang, X. 2018. Effects of moth age and rearing temperature on the flight performance of the loreyi leafworm, Mythimna loreyi (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in tethered and free flight. J. Econ. Entomol. 111(3):1243-1248.   Rault, L. C., Siegfried, B. D., Gassmann, A. J., Wang, H., Brewer, G. J., Miller, N. J. 2018. Investigation of Cry3Bb1 resistance and intoxication in western corn rootworm by RNA sequencing. J. Appl. Entomol. 142:921-936.   Reay-Jones, F.P.F., T. R. Bilbo, D. D. Reisig. 2018. Sampling transgenic corn producing Bt toxins for corn earworm injury. J Econ. Entomol.  111: 1446-1453.   Reinders, J. D., B. D. Hitt, W. W. Stroup, B. W. French, L. J. Meinke. 2018. Spatial variation in western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility to Cry3 toxins in Nebraska. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0208266.   Reisig, D. D., R. Kurtz. 2018. Bt resistance implications for Helicoverpa zea insecticide resistance management (IRM) in the United States. Environ. Entomol. 47: 1357-1364.   Reisig, D., Huseth, A.S., Bacheler, J.S., Mohammad-Amir, A.A., Braswell, L., Burrack, H.J., Flanders, K., Greene, J.K., Hebert, D.A., Jacobson, A., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Roberts, P., Taylor, S.V. 2018. Long-term empirical and observational evidence of practical Helicoverpa zea resistance to cotton with pyramided Bt toxins. J. Econ. Entomol, 111, p.1824-1833.   Sappington, T.W. 2018. Migratory flight of insect pests within a year-round distribution: European corn borer as a case study. J Integrative Agriculture. 17(7):1485-1505.   Sappington, T.W., Hesler, L.S., Allen, K.C., Luttrell, R.G., Papiernik, S.K. 2018. Prevalence of sporadic insect pests of seedling corn and factors affecting risk of infestation. J. Int. Pest Man. 9(1):16.   Seong, K., Coates, B.S., Berenbaum, M.R., Clark, J.M., Pittendrigh, B.R. 2018. Comparative CYPomic analysis between the DDT susceptible and resistant Drosophila melanogaster strains 91-C and 91-R. Pest Man. Sci. 74(11):2530-2543.   Seong, K., Coates, B.S., Kim, D., Hansen, A.K., Pittendrigh, B.R. 2018. Differentially expressed microRNAs associated with changes in transcript levels in detoxification pathways and DDT-resistance in the Drosophila melanogaster strain 91-R. PLoS One. 13(4):e0196518.   Shrestha, R. B., Dunbar, M. W., French, B. W., and Gassmann, A. J. 2018. Effects of field history on resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). PLoS ONE 13(7):e0200156.   Shrestha, R. B., Jakka, S. R. K. and Gassmann, A. J. 2018. Response of Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize and soil insecticide. J. Appl. Entomol. 142:937-946   Silva, I.F. (g), Baldin, E.L.L., Specht, A., Sosa-Gomez, D.R., Roque-Spchet, V.F., Morando, R., Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2018. Biological and molecular characterization of the post-invasion immature stages of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Florida Entomol. 101(1): 25-32.   Silva, I.F.(g), Baldin, E.L.L., Specht, A., Sosa-Gomez, D.R., Roque-Spchet, V.F., Morando, R., Paula- Moraes, S.V. 2018. Biotic potential and life table of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from three Brazilian regions. Neotropical Entomology, 47, 344–351.   Smith, J.L., Baute, T.S., Sebright, M.M., Schaafsma, A.W., DiFonzo, C.D. (2018) Establishment of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a primary pest of corn in the Great Lakes region. J Econ. Entomol.  111(4): 1732-1744.   Smith, J.L., Limay-Rios, V., Hooker, D.C., Schaafsma, A.W. 2018 Fusarium graminearum mycotoxins in maize associated with Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) injury. J Econ. Entomol.  111(3): 1227-1242.   Smith, J.L., T. S. Baute, M. M. Chludzinski, A. W. Schaafsma, C. D. DiFonzo. 2018. Establishment of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a primary pest of corn in the Great Lakes region. J. Econ. Ent. 3(4): 1732-1744.   Souza, C. S. F., L. C. P. Silveira, D. P. Paula, D. A. Andow, S. M. Mendes. 2018. Transfer of Cry1F from Bt maize to eggs of resistant Spodoptera frugiperda. PLoS One 13(9): e0203791.   Sudo M., D. Takahashi, D. A. Andow, Y. Suzuki, T. Yamanaka.  2018.  Optimal management strategy of insecticide resistance under various insect life histories: Heterogeneous timing of selection and inter-patch dispersal.  Evolutionary Applications 11(2): 271-283.   Taylor, S., Krupke, C. 2018, Measuring rootworm refuge function: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera emergence and mating in seed blend and strip refuges for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize. Pest. Manag. Sci, 74: 2195-2203.   Tian, J.C., Wang, X.P., Chen, Y., Romeis, J., Naranjo, S.E., Hellmich, R.L., Wang, P., Shelton, A.M. 2018. Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab does not harm two parasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris and Copidosoma floridanum. Sci. Reports. 8:307.   Tinsley, N.A., J.L. Spencer, R.E. Estes, K.A. Estes, A.L. Kaluf, E. Levine, S.A. Isard, M.E. Gray. 2018. Multi-year surveys reveal significant decline in western corn rootworm densities in Illinois soybean fields. Am. Entomol. 64(2): 112-119.   Vélez A.M., Fishilevich E. 2018. The mysteries of insect RNAi: A focus on dsRNA uptake and transport. Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 151: 25-31.   Xie, W., Yang, X., Chen, C., Yang, Z., Guo, L., Wang, D., Huang, J., Zhang, H., Wen, Y., Zhao, J., Wu, Q., Wang, S., Coates, B.S., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y. 2018. The invasive MED/Q Bemisia tabaci genome: a tale of gene loss and gene gain. BMC Genomics. 19(1):68.   Yang, F., S. Morsello, G.P. Head, F. Huang, R.T. Gilreath, D.L. Kerns. 2018. F2 screen, inheritance and cross-resistance of field-derived Vip3A resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from Louisiana, USA. Pest Manag. Sci. 74: 1769-1778.   Yu, T., Li, X., Coates, B.S., Zhang, Q., Siegfried, B.D., Zhou, X. 2018. MicroRNA profiling between Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab-susceptible and resistant European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Insect Mol. Biol. 27(3):279-294.   Zhang, M., J. Wei, X. Ni, J. Zhang, J. L. Jurat-Fuentes, J. Fabrick, Y. Carriere, B. Tabashnik, and X. Li. 2018. Decreased Cry1Ac activation by midgut proteases associated with Cry1Ac resistance in Helicoverpa zea. Pest Man. Sci. 75(4):1099-1106 Scientific and Outreach Presentations    Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2018 (invited). Bt technology worldwide: use and management of insect resistance. Session: Trait-based Insect and Weed Control in Corn and Soybean Systems: History, Current Challenges, and Emerging Solutions. American Seed Trade Association (ASTA) 2019 meeting. December 5, Chicago, IL.   Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2018. Adult and larval movement of Lepidoptera. In round table: Beyond genetics and lethal toxicity: ecology, behavior, and life history in the evolution of insect resistance to transgenic Bt plants. XXVII Congresso Brasileiro e X Congresso Latino Americano de Entomologia, September 1-6, Gramado, RS. (speaker & organizer).   Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2018. Isotopic carbon as a way to describe movement of Helicovpera armigera in the savannah landscape. XXVII Congresso Brasileiro e X Congresso Latino Americano de Entomologia, September 1-6, Gramado, RS. (invited).   Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2018. IPM and IRM in field crops in a scenario of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea. In symposium section: Managing the former allopatric Helicoverpa zea and H. armigera in the Americas: Experience and challenges going forward. 9th International IPM Symposium, March 19-22, Baltimore, MD. (speaker & organizer).   Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2018. Dynamics of EIL and ET of western bean cutworm as a function of larval survival, corn market value, and management cost. In symposium section: Knowledge and tools to combat western bean cutworm: an emergent and adaptive pest in North American maize. 9th International IPM Symposium, March 19-22, Baltimore, MD. (invited)   Coates, B.S., Fabrick J.A., Garczynski, S.F., Geib, S.M., Gundersen-Rindal, D.E., Hunter, W.B., Perera, O.P., Sim, S., Oppert, B. James, R., Hackett, K.J. Applications of CRISPR/gene editing technology with the ARS Arthropod Genomics Research (AGR) working group. Presentation (invited) in “Symposium on CRISPR and Gene Editing Technologies in Agriculture”, Office of the Chief Scientist, Washington DC, September 26, 2018.   Coates, B.S. Insect resistance to Bt Crops. 30th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference, November 28, 2018, Ames, Iowa.   Coates, B.S., Gassmann, A.J., Guillemaud, T., Robertson, H.M. Genomics of western corn rootworm response to insecticidal toxins. Presentation 2159 (invited) in “Current Research on the Biology and Management of Insects Pests in Corn: Crossing Borders from Genes to Populations”. Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Vancouver, BC, November 14, 2018.   Coates, B.S., Wang, Y., Zukoff, S., Hunt, T., Peterson, J.P. Monitoring Cry1Fa toxin resistance levels among western bean cutworm populations. Presentation 24.5 (invited) at the program section S24 “Knowledge and Tools to Combat Western Bean Cutworm: An Emergent and Adaptive Pest in North American Maize”, 9th Annual Integrated Pest Management Conference, Baltimore, MD, March 21, 2018.   Swoboda Bhattarai, K., Hunt, T., Peterson, J.P., Coates, B.S., Zukoff, S. Using the western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta to evaluate the efficacy of insect resistance management plans for delaying Bt toxin resistance in ear-feeding lepidopteran pests of corn. Presentation 2157 (invited) in “Current Research on the Biology and Management of Insects Pests in Corn: Crossing Borders from Genes to Populations”. Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Vancouver, BC, November 14, 2018.   Kim, K.S., Coates, B.S., Nason, J., Sappington, T.W. Application of genotyping by sequencing for population genomics of the western corn rootworm. Presentation (invited) in USDA-ARS Arthropod Genomics Research webinar, October 9, 2018.   Swoboda Bhattarai, K., Coates. B.S., Peterson, J.P., Zukoff, S., Hunt, T. The evaluation of insect resistance management plans for delaying Bt resistance in the western bean cutworm (Striacoast albicosta) population in field corn. Display D3581 at the Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Vancouver, BC, November 14, 2018.   Seong, K.M., Coates, B.S., Hanson, A., Pittendrigh, B.R. Differentially-expressed miRNAs associated with changes in transcript levels in detoxification pathways and DDT-resistance in the Drosophila melanogaster strain 91-R. Display D3477 at the Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Vancouver, BC, November 14, 2018. 15   Coates, B.S., Wang, Y., Zukoff, S., Hunt, T., Peterson, J.P. Differences in midgut gene expression between Bt exposed and unexposed Western bean cutworm. Poster P76 at the 9th Annual Integrated Pest Management Conference, Baltimore, MD, March 19-22, 2018.   Gassmann A. J. and Weber, P. J. 2018. 2017 Iowa evaluation of insecticides and plant incorporated protectants. Iowa State University, Department of Entomology. File number 303-17.   Gassmann, A. J. 2018. Perspectives from the midwestern United States on pest adaptation to Bt crops. Entomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.   Gassmann, A. J. 2018. Western corn rootworm resistance to Bt maize within agricultural landscapes. European Congress of Entomology. Naples, Italy.   Hellmich, R.L., Blodgett, S.L., Bradbury, S.P., Debinski, D.M., Pleasants, J.M., Hartzler, R., Applegate, S.R. 2018. Monarch seed mix high diversity. Extension Publications. https://store.extension.iastate.edu/product/15139.     Kropf, A. and Gassmann, A. J. 2018. Tritrophic interactions among corn, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and entomopathogenic fungi. Entomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.   St. Clair, C, Head, G. P., Gassmann, A. J. 2018. Western corn rootworm abundance, injury to maize, and resistance to Cry3Bb1 in the local landscape of previous problem fields. Entomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.   Shrestha, R. B., Gassmann, A. J. 2018. Field and laboratory studies of Bt resistance by western corn rootworm. North Central Branch Meeting, Entomological Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin.   Yu, E., Gassmann, A. J., Sappington, T. W. 2018. Effects of larval density on dispersal and fecundity of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. North Central Branch Meeting, Entomological Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin.   Mason, C. E., M.E. Rice, C.D. DiFonzo, R.P. Porter (Eds) and 20 others. 2018. European Corn Borer Ecology, Management, and Association with Other Corn Pests, NCR 0327, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Ames, Iowa.   DiFonzo, C.D. 2018. Asiatic garden beetle - a vicious little creature. Michigan Corn Growers Publication ‘Between the Rows’. Summer (June) issue. Field ID Sheet for Grubs. Michigan State University Extension News http://msue.anr.msu.edu/uploads/files/AABI/Grub_field_ID.pdf   Handy Bt trait table for US Corn Production. Jan 2018. https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html   Mitigating resistance to Bt traits. March 2018 Podcast posted at <a href="https://mediaspace.msu.edu/media/Mitigating+Control+Failures+in+Bt+Corn/1_cbih1w5d">https://mediaspace.msu.edu/media/Mitigating+Control+Failures+in+Bt+Corn/1_cbih1w5d</a>   Knodel, J.J. Insecticides Updates for 2019, NDSU / UM Commercial Pesticide Applicator Training, Nov. 28, 2018. Total audience = 353 people.   Knodel, J.J. Field Scouting for Insect Pests of Field Crops, Field tour at NDSU campus, ND State College of Science and Bismarck State College, Fargo, ND – July 20, 2018. Total audience = 80 people.   Knodel, J.J. Update on Soybean Aphid and Other Crop Pests, NDSU Agronomy Seed Farm Field Tour, Casselton, ND - July 16, 2018. Total audience = 75.   Knodel, J.J. Hands-on Laboratories: Insects of Wheat, Corn, Soybeans, Dry Beans, Sunflower and Canola (3 talks); 2018 Eastern Crop & Pest Management School, Minot, ND – Feb. 27-28, 2018. Total audience = 125 people.   Knodel, J.J. The International Crops Expo, February 21-22, 2018, Grand Forks, ND. Total audience = 175 people.   Knodel, J.J. Northern Corn & Soybean Expo, Fargo, ND – Feb. 13, 2018. Total audience = 86.   Knodel, J.J. Insecticides Updates for 2019, NDSU / UM Commercial Pesticide Applicator Training, Nov. 28, 2018. Total audience = 353 people.   Knodel, J.J. Field Scouting for Insect Pests of Field Crops, Field tour at NDSU campus, ND State College of Science and Bismarck State College, Fargo, ND – July 20, 2018. Total audience = 80 people.   Carmona, G., McMechan, J. 2018. Impact of cover crop planting and termination date on pests and beneficial insects in cover crop to corn transitions. Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada.   Carmona, G., McMechan, J., Wright, R. 2018. Evaluating Wheat Stem Maggot as an Emerging Pest of Cover Crop to Corn Transitions. North Central Branch Entomological Society Meeting, North Central Branch ESA, Madison, WI.   Darlington, M., A.M. Vélez, E. Fishilevich. 2018. Double-stranded RNA uptake in western corn rootworm and the role of endocytic transmembrane receptors. Entomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 11, 2018.   Fishilevich, E., S.R. Pally, W.J. Moar, A.M. Vélez. 2018. RNAi: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to dsRNA. Entomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 11, 2018.   McMechan, J., Wright, R., Carmona, G. 2018. Wheat Stem Maggot: An emerging pest of cover crop systems. North Central Branch Entomological Society Meeting. Madison, WI.   Montezano, D. G., T. E. Hunt, P. M. Colombo da Luz, D. Souza, B. Vieira, G. Kruger, J. A. Peterson . 2018. Biological responses of western bean cutworm to chemical and transgenic management. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   Reinders, J. D., W.J. Moar, P. A. Price, S. P. Evans, G. P. Head, L. J. Meinke. 2018. Characterizing life history traits of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, adults after lifetime dietary exposure to SmartStax PRO. ESA, ESC, and ESBC joint international meeting. 12 November 2018, Vancouver, B.C. Canada.   Sanchez-Londoño, Mariana, Joe Louis., Arnubio Valencia, Blair D. Siegfried, Ana M. Vélez. 2018. Evaluation of chemoreceptor genes as potential targets for Diabrotica virgifera virgifera management. Entomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 11, 2018.   Coates, B. S., S. N. Zukoff, T. E. Hunt, J. A. Peterson. 2018. Differences in midgut gene expression between Bt exposed and unexposed Western bean cutworm. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   Colombo da Luz, P. M., K. A. Swoboda Bhattarai, D. G. Montezano, T. E. Hunt, R. J. Wright, J. A. Peterson. 2018. Flight of the western bean cutworm: population patterns of a noctuid pest over the past 30 years. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   Fanela, T. L. M., D. G. Montezano, J. A. Peterson, T. E. Hunt. 2018. Characterizing larval movement of western bean cutworm in maize. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   Hanson, A. A., R. D. Moon, R. J. Wright, T. E. Hunt, W. D. Hutchison. 2018. Improving degreeday models for the flight phenology of western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   Hoffart E, KA Swoboda Bhattarai & JA Peterson. 2018. Evaluation of the effects of cover crops on the infestation rate, feeding damage, and pupal development of western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta) in field corn. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Vancouver, Canada.7   Melotto G, KA Swoboda Bhattarai, AJ McMechan & JA Peterson. 2018. Western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta) (Smith) egg hatching and neonate behavior on maize. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Vancouver, Canada.   Montezano DG, TE Hunt, PM Colombo da Luz & JA Peterson. 2018. Effects of natural hosts, artificial diet and Bt corn on Striacosta albicosta (Smith, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval development. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Vancouver, Canada.   Montezano, D. G., T. E. Hunt, P. M. Colombo da Luz, J. A. Peterson. 2018. Dispersal and avoidance behavior of western bean cutworm when exposed to Bt maize. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018 Baltimore, MD.   Montezano, D. G., A. Specht, D. R. Sosa-Gómez, V. F. Roque-Specht, J. C. S. Silva, S. V. Paula-Moraes, J. A. Peterson, T. E. Hunt. 2018. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) updated host plants and new records. Poster presentation in: XXVII Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia and X Congresso Latino-Americano de Entomologia. Gramado, RS, Brazil.   Montezano DG, TE Hunt, PM Colombo da Luz & JA Peterson. 2018. Dispersal and avoidance behavior of western bean cutworm when exposed to Bt maize. Nebraska Extension Agriculture & Natural Resources Capacity Building Workshop, Lincoln, NE.   Montezano DG, TE Hunt, PM Colombo da Luz & JA Peterson. 2018. Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) avoidance of Bt maize. XXXII Brazilian Congress of Zoology, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.   Oliveira-Hofman, C., L. J. Meinke, A. O. Adesemoye, J. A. Peterson. 2018. Screening of entomopathogenic fungi from West Central Nebraska against key pests of corn. International integrated pest management symposium, Baltimore, MD. March 2018.   Oliveira-Hofman, C. L. J. Meinke, A. O. Adesemoye, J. A. Peterson. 2018. Screening of entomopathogenic fungi from West Central Nebraska against key pests of corn. Nebraska extension agriculture & natural resources capacity building workshop, University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE. March 2018.   Reinders, J. D., L. J. Meinke. 2018. Using field history data to predict current western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility levels to Cry3Bb1 in Nebraska. North Central Branch Entomological Society of America meeting, Madison, WI. March 2018.   Reinders, J. D., L. J. Meinke. 2018. Using field history data to predict current western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility levels to Cry3Bb1 in Nebraska. Nebraska extension agriculture & natural resources capacity building workshop, University of Nebrask Extension, Lincoln, NE. March 2018. 8   Reinders, J. D., L. J. Meinke. 2018. Using field history data to predict current western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility levels to Cry3Bb1 in Nebraska. ARD Annual Faculty meeting, IANR ARD, Lincoln. August 2018.   Souza, D., N. Miller, B. D. Siegfried, L. J. Meinke. 2018. Characterization of western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance. Joint ESA, ESC, and ESBC international meeting. 12 November 2018, Vancouver, B.C. Canada.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L., 'Mode of action and mechanisms of field resistance to insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis', Symposium on Biological Control of Phytopathogens, Insect and Acari, Bogota (Colombia), June 2018.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L., Banerjee, R., Abdelgaffar, H., Perera, O.P., Hietala, L., Placidi de Bortoli, C., 'Field-evolved resistance to Bt corn in fall armyworm: mechanism, dispersal and biological implications', Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology, Gold Coast (Australia), August 2018.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L., 'Field-evolved resistance to Bt corn in fall armyworm: mechanism, dispersal and biological implications', Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology, Gold Coast (Australia), August 2018.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L. 'Bt technology for dummies: Understanding Bt toxins and resistance', Tennessee Agricultural Production Association (TAPA), Summer meeting, Pigeon Forge (TN), August 2018.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L. Mechanisms of resistance to Bt corn in Spodoptera frugiperda: dispersal and biological implications', XXVII Brazilian and X Latin American Congress of Entomology, Gramado (Brazil), September 2018.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L., 'The fall armyworm threat to food security and transgenic crops', China-US Joint Symposium 'Advances in critical needs for the nexus of food, energy and water systems', Yixing, Jiangsu Province (China), October 2018.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L., 'Mechanism of action and safety of Cry insecticidal proteins produced by transgenic crops ', International Conference on Quality and Nutrition of Agricultural Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province (China), October 2018.   Placidi de Bortoli, C., Banerjee, R., and Jurat-Fuentes, J.L. Global Resistance to Bt Crops: Resistance Has no Borders', presentation by, 'Screening for resistance to Bt corn in fall armyworm in the Americas and beyond', Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Vancouver (BC), November 2018.   Jurat-Fuentes, J.L., Abdelgaffar, H., Carlson, A., Perera, O.P., and Jurat-Fuentes, J.L. Current Research on the Biology and Management of Insect Pests in Corn: Crossing Borders from genes to Populations', 'Biological implications of resistance to Bt corn in fall armyworm', Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Vancouver (BC), November 2018.   Bradshaw JD, JA Peterson & RJ Wright. 2018. Can Trichogramma ostriniae be used for the biological control of western bean cutworm in dry edible beans? In Symposium: “Beyond corn and soy: Advances in IPM of underrepresented Midwest crops.” NCB-ESA, Madison, WI.   Coates, B. S., Y. Wang, S. N. Zukoff, T. E. Hunt, J. A. Peterson. 2018. Monitoring Cry1Fa toxin resistance levels among western bean cutworm populations. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   Hunt, T.E., J. A. Peterson, B. S. Coates, S. N. Zukoff, T. Fanela, D. G. Montezano; K. Swoboda Bhattarai. 2018. Evaluating the Efficacy of Insect Resistance Management Plans for Delaying the onset of Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin Resistance in Western Bean Cutworm Populations. 2018 Annual Project Director’s Meeting for the USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grants (BRAG) Program, May 22, 2018, USDA-APHIS-BRS Headquarters, Riverdale, MD.   Meinke, L.J. 2018. Corn rootworm situation in Nebraska: Challenges and recommendations. 2018. Monsanto Academic Summit. St. Louis, MO. 21 February 2018.     Meinke, L.J. 2018. Corn rootworm resistance to Bt traits: Current status and need for IPMbased management. 2018. Part of symposium: Trait-based Insect and Weed Control in Corn and Soybean Systems: History, Current Challenges, and Emerging Solutions. American Seed Trade Association CSS 2018 & Seed Expo. 6 December 2018. Chicago, IL.   Meinke, L. J., D. S. Wangila, J. D. Reinders. 2018. Western corn rootworm resistance to Cry3Bb1 in Nebraska: Current perspectives. Part of symposium: Current research on the biology and management of insect pests in corn: Crossing borders from genes to populations. ESA, ESC, and ESBC joint international meeting. 14 November 2018, Vancouver, B.C. Canada.   Moar, W.J., E. Fishilevich, A.M. Vélez. 2018. RNAi: New Traits, Field Performance and Safety. Entomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 11, 2018.   Paula-Moraes, S. V., T. E. Hunt, R. J. Wright, A. R. Moraes Jr. 2018. Dynamics of EIL and ET of western bean cutworm as a function of larval survival, corn market value, and management cost. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   Peterson JA. 2018. Summary of EPA Scientific Advisory Panel report on lepidopteran pest resistance to Bt crops. NC‐246 Summit on Western Bean Cutworm, Vancouver, Canada.   Peterson JA, T Hoegemeyer, R Elmore, RJ Wright. 2018. Tackling resistant insects in Nebraska field crops through integrated research and extension. Resistance Management Mini- Symposium. International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD.   Peterson JA, WR Archibald, JD Bradshaw, DG Montezano, P Colombo da Luz, KA Swoboda Bhattarai & RJ Wright. 2018. Harnessing the power of predators and parasitoids to incorporate biological control into western bean cutworm IPM. International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD.   Oliveira-Hofman C, LJ Meinke, JA Peterson. Natural enemies from cornfields in Nebraska: What’s there and how can we utilize them against the western corn rootworm? Student Award Presentation, International Organization for Biological Control Symposium, Vancouver, Canada.   Swoboda Bhattarai KA, WR. Archibald, DB Jones, RJ Wright & JA Peterson. 2018. Western bean cutworm feeding damage on Bt hybrids and implications for economic injury levels. International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD.   Welter, M., L. J. Meinke, C. Khajuria, W. Moar, A. M. Velez. 2018. Using adult western corn rootworm to monitor susceptibility of field populations to dsRNA. Part of symposium: RNAi:Mechanism of action and resistance to dsRNA. ESA, ESC, and ESBC joint international meeting. 11 November 2018, Vancouver, B.C. Canada.   Vélez, A. A. 2018. RNA Interference for Insect Pest Management. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. February 28, 2018.   Vélez, A. A., 2018. Risk assessment of RNAi and gene editing in pest managementEntomological Society of America. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. November 13 2018.   Vélez, A. A., Elane Fishilevich, Etsuko Moriyama, Mariana Londoño, Molly Darlington, Kenneth Narva, and Blair Siegfried. 2018. Alternative applications of RNA interference for western corn rootworm management. North Central Branch Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Madison, WI, USA. March 18, 2018.   Ademokoya, Blessing, Thomas Hunt and Robert Wright. 2018. Species composition and abundance of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and their parasitoids in Nebraska cropping systems. November 12, 2018. Entomological Society of America, Entomological Society of Canada, Entomological Society of British Columbia Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, November 11-14, 2018.   Archibald WR, JD Bradshaw, DA Golick, RJ Wright & JA Peterson. 2018. Nebraska growers’ and crop consultants’ knowledge and implementation of IPM of western bean cutworm. International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD.   Daniel SR, RJ Wright & JA Peterson. 2018. Integrated pest management and the role of spiders within Nebraska agroecosystems. International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD.   Oliveira-Hofman C, LJ Meinke, AO Adesemoye & JA Peterson. 2018. Screening of entomopathogenic fungi from West Central Nebraska against key pests of corn. International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD.   Salgado Astudillo S, KA Swoboda Bhattarai, PM Colombo da Luz, *DG Montezano, *J Cluever, JD Bradshaw & JA Peterson. 2018. Monitoring dispersal of the parasitoid Trichogramma ostriniae in cornfields to improve western bean cutworm management in Nebraska. Annual Meeting of the ESA, Vancouver, Canada.   Swoboda Bhattarai, Katharine, Thomas Hunt, Julie Peterson, Brad Coates and Sarah Zukoff. 2018. Using the western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta) to evaluate the efficacy of insect resistance management plans for delaying Bt toxin resistance in ear-feeding lepidopteran pests of corn. November 14, 2018. Entomological Society of America, Entomological Society of Canada, Entomological Society of British Columbia Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, November 11-14, 2018.   Swoboda Bhattarai, Katharine, Brad Coates, Julie Peterson, Sarah Zukoff and Thomas Hunt. 2018. Field evaluation of insect resistance management plans for delaying Bt toxin resistance in western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta) populations in field corn. . November 14, 2018. Entomological Society of America, Entomological Society of Canada, Entomological Society of British Columbia Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, November 11-14, 2018.   Zukoff, S. N., P. Porter, J. Peterson, T. Hunt, B. Coates. 2018. Landscape-level effects among western bean cutworm developing on Cry1Fa & Vip3A corn in block and blended refuge plants. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   McMechan, J., Wright, R. 2018. Midwest Corn Production Clinic. ENREC Ithaca, NE, "Insects in Corn", Extension, Workshop.   McMechan, J., Wright, R., Carmona, G., Nogueira, J. 2018. Insects in Cover Crop Systems. South Central Ag Lab Field Day, Clay Center, NE.   McMechan, J., Wright, R. 2018. Insect Pests in Corn and Soybeans. Field Scout Training. ENREC Ithaca, NE.   McMechan, J. 2018. "Wheat Stem Maggot: An emerging pest of cover crop systems" South Central Ag Lab Meeting, Clay Center, NE   McMechan, J. 2018. "Wheat Stem Maggot: An emerging pest of cover crop systems", Webinar. YouTube CropWatch Website.   McMechan, J. 2018. Pest and Beneficial Insects in Cover Crop Systems. Pioneer Agronomists Seed Corn Meeting, Pioneer, Grand Island, NE   McMechan, J. 2018. Will Cover Crops be a Home for New Insects? Midwest Cover Crops Conference, ENREC Ithaca, NE   Peterson J. 2018. Resistance Management for Critical Insect Pests of Nebraska. Nebraska Agri-Business Association Mid-Winter Conference, Kearney, NE.   Peterson J, T Hunt, J Bradshaw, R Wright, R Seymour, D Montezano, K Swoboda Bhattarai, J McMechan & L Meinke. 2018. Corn Insect Pest Updates: Western Corn Rootworm & Western Bean Cutworm. Nebraska Extension Crop Production Clinics, North Platte, NE.     Peterson J, K Swoboda Bhattarai, S Daniel, G Ercan, ǂS Salgado Astudillo, F Dubón García & G Melotto. 2018. Applying New Knowledge for Western Bean Cutworm and Western Corn Rootworm Control. West Central Crops & Water Field Day, North Platte, NE.   Peterson J. 2018. Resistance Management for Critical Insect Pests of Nebraska. Nebraska Agri- Business Association Mid-Winter Conference, Kearney, NE.   Peterson J. 2018. Practical Applications for IPM in Field Crops: Biodiversity & Biological Control. Farming Evolution Conference, Holyoke, CO.   Stratman G, R Rupp, R Wright, HE Portillo, J Meredith, J Peterson & SN Zukoff. 2018. New Strategies for Managing Corn Rootworm: Introducing a New Tool for Managing Corn Rootworm Adults. American Society of Agronomy Webinar.   Vélez, A.A. 2018. What is RNAi? University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Extension Educators Workshop. Lincoln, NE, USA. March 28 2018. Extension publications   Buntin, G., and All, J. N. (2018). Insect control for field corn: Georgia Pest Management Handbook, 2018, Commercial Edition, Special Bulletin 28 (Volume 1: pp. 51-59.). http://extension.uga.edu/programs-services/integrated-pest-management/publications/handbooks.html.     Buntin, G. D. and K. L. Flanders. 2018. 2018 Bt corn products for the southeastern United States. http://grains.caes.uga.edu/corn.html.       Noland, R., Lee, R. D., Harris, G., Kemerait, R., Prostko, E., Porter, W., Buntin, G.D., and Smith, A. (2018). A Guide to Corn Production in Georgia 2018. Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, CAES, University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://grains.caes.uga.edu/     Ni. X, M. D. Toews, and G. D. Buntin. 2018. Multiple Insect Resistance in 53 Commercial Corn Hybrids, 2018. In: D. J. Mailhot, D. Dunn, H. Jordan Jr., and J. L. Day (eds.), Georgia 2018 corn performance tests. Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, (Annual Publication 101-10). <a href="http://swvt.uga.edu/2018/AP101-10.pdf">http://swvt.uga.edu/2018/AP101-10.pdf</a>.     Seiter, Nick, N, Kleczewski, K. Estes, Online report of applied research trials conducted in 2018 titled “Applied Research Results on Field Crop Pest and Disease Control.” http://cropdisease.cropsciences.illinois.edu/wpcontent/ uploads/2018/12/Pestpathogenappliedresearchbook2018-1.pdf     Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, M. Boetel, T.J. Prochaska and L. Lubenow. 2018. 2019 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide. NDSU Ext. Serv., E-1143 (Revised).     Knodel, J.J., P.B. Beauzay, A. Friskop and S. Markell. 2018. IPM Basics Integrated Pest Management in North Dakota Agriculture PP863 (revised). NDSU Extension, Fargo, ND.       Knodel, J.J. and T.J. Prochaska. 2018. The Armyworm and the Army Cutworm E830 (revised). NDSU Extension, Fargo, ND.     Knodel, J.J. and A. Friskop. 2018. IPM Survey Underway. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #5 (May 31, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. Scout for Cutworms. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #6 (June 7, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. Scout for Grasshoppers in Field Edges. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #7 (June 14, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. IPM Extension Publication - IPM Basics. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #8 (June 21, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. Grasshopper Hot Spots. 2018. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #9 (June 28, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. European Corn Borer Emerging. 2018. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #11 (July 12, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. Red-headed Flea Beetle in Soybeans and Corn. 2018. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 19, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. European Corn Borer Trap Update. 2018. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 19, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. European Corn Borer Trap Update. 2018. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #13 (July 26, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. Grasshoppers on the Move! 2018. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #15 (August 16, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. Chlorpyrifos Update. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #16 (August 30, 2018).     Knodel, J.J. 2018. Armyworm and Army Cutworm Publication. NDSU Crop and Pest Report #17 (September 13, 2018).     IPM Decision Aid:Managing BT resistance Updated http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/GMO-Resistance-CornRootworm.pdf     Revised Western Bean Cutworm publication https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Western-Bean-Cutworm-A-Pest-of-Field-and-Sweet-Corn-P1397.aspx     Field Crop Scout Training Manual Revisions http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/UW-IPM-ScoutingManual-web.pdf     2019, Pest Management in Wisconsin Field Crops, revision https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Pest-Management-in-Wisconsin-Field-Crops2019-P155.aspx     Western Bean Cutworm: A pest of Field and Sweet Corn, revised. https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Western-Bean-Cutworm-A-Pest-of-Field-and-Sweet-Corn-P1397.aspx     Generalized Calendar of Events for Insects and Diseases in Wisconsin http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/UW_IPM_CornCalendar.pdf       DeVries, T. A., & R. J. Wright. 2018. Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Formulations at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2017A. Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 43, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsy036     DeVries, T. A. & R. J. Wright. 2018. Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Formulations at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2017B . Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 43, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsy037     DeVries, T. A., & R. J. Wright. 2018. Evaluation of Planting-Time Insecticide Formulations and Seed Treatments for Larval Corn Rootworn Control, 2017. Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 43, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsy038     DeVries, T. A., & R. J. Wright. 2018. Evaluation of Traited Corn Rootworm and Refuge Corn Hybrids in Combination With Soil Insecticides at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworn Control, 2017. Arthropod Management Tests, Volume 43, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsy039     Mollet KA, JV de Macedo, GE Hirzel, C Oliveira-Hofman & JA Peterson. 2018. Evaluation of seed treatments and at-plant soil insecticides for the control of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in field corn, 2015. Arthropod Management Tests, 43, doi: 10.1093/amt/tsy089.     Swoboda-Bhattarai KA, GE Hirzel & JA Peterson. 2018. Evaluation of foliar insecticides for the control of western bean cutworm in field corn, 2017. Arthropod Management Tests, 43, doi:10.1093/amt/tsy095.     Hunt, T., K. Jarvi. 2018. Northeast Nebraska Insect Pests Update. Proceedings of the 2018 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 20. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.     McMechan, J., R. Wright, J. Peterson, T. Hunt, J. Bradshaw. 2018. Japanese Beetle in Corn and Soybeans. Proceedings of the 2018 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 21. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.     Oliveira-Hofman C, LJ Meinke, AO Adesemoye & JA Peterson. 2018. Screening of entomopathogenic fungi from West Central Nebraska against key pests of corn. Nebraska Extension Agriculture & Natural Resources Capacity Building Workshop, Lincoln, NE.     Peterson, J. A., T. E. Hunt, J. Bradshaw, R. Wright, R. C. Seymour, D. Montezano , K. Swoboda Bhattarai. 2018. Western Bean Cutworm Update. Proceedings of the 2018 UNL Crop Production Clinics, pp. 18. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.     Wright, R., J. Peterson, T. Hunt, J. Bradshaw and J. McMechan, L. Meinke. 2018. Corn Rootworm Management Update. Proceedings of the 2018 Crop Production Clinics, pp. 19. University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.   Organized Symposia and other activities: Symposium Session: Knowledge and Tools to Combat Western Bean Cutworm: An Emergent and Adaptive Pest in North American Maize. March 22, 2018. 9th international IPM Symposium: Improving Health, Environment and Global Sustainability. March 19-22, 2018, Baltimore, MD.   NC-246 Summit on Western Bean Cutworm. November 10, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. Co-organized with Brad Coates, Katharine Swoboda Bhattarai, and Sarah Zukoff.   Ad-hoc member (Julie Peterson) of EPA-FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) on “Lepidopteran Pests of Bt Plant-Incorporated Protectants,” 2018

Impact Statements

An invited presentation by an NC246 member on applications of CRISPR/gene editing technology for arthropod pest control was given in the “Symposium on CRISPR and Gene Editing Technologies in Agriculture” at the USDA Office of the Chief Scientist, Washington DC, September 26, 2018. NC246 research on gene editing of arthropod pests of corn was included within information provided to USDA-NIFA, -APHIS, -FSIS, and -ARS administrators. The information provided to Federal administrators will impact the scope of future requests for applications for research funding opportunities, and influence the course of investigations in agricultural research within the United States.

Date of Annual Report: 04/02/2020

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/21/2020 - 01/23/2020
Period the Report Covers: 01/23/2019 - 01/23/2020

Participants

Meinke, Lance (lmeinke1@unl.edu)- University of Nebraska; Fuller, Billy (billy.fuller@sdstate.edu)- South Dakota State University; Deans, Carrie (dean0179@umn.edu)- University of Minnesota; Smith, Jocelyn (jocelyn@uoguelph.ca)- University of Guelph; Krupke, Christian (ckrupke@purdue.edu)-Purdue University; Tooker, John ( tooker@psu.edu)-Penn State; Ostlie, Ken (ostli001@umn.edu)- University of Minnesota; Porter, Pat (p-porter@tamu.edu)- Texas A&M; Davis, Holly (holly.davis@ag.tamu.edu )-Texas A&M; Owens, David (owensd@udel.edu)- University of Delaware; Schaafsma, Art (aschaafs@uoguelph.ca)- University of Guelph; Zukoff, Sarah (snzukoff@ksu.edu )- Kansas State University; Peterson, Julie ( julie.peterson@unl.edu)- University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Coates, Brad (Brad.Coates@ars.usda.gov)- USDA-ARS; Shields, Elson (es28@cornell.edu)- Cornell; Hellmich, Rick (Richard.Hellmich@ars.usda.gov)- USDA-ARS, Iowa State; Villanueva, Raul ( raul.villanueva@uky.edu)- University of Kentucky; Tillmon, Kelley (Tilmon.1@osu.edu)- Ohio State University; Kesheimer, Katelyn (kak0083@auburn.edu)- Auburn University; DiFonzo, Chris (difonzo@msu.edu)- Michigan State; Pereira, Adriano (pereiraa@missouri.edu)- University of Missouri; Hibbard, Bruce (Bruce.Hibbard@ars.usda.gov)-USDA-ARS; Dively, Galen (galen@umd.edu)- University of Maryland; Paula-Moraes, Silbana (paula.moraes@ufl.edu)- University of Florida; Reisig, Dominic (ddreisig@ncsu.edu)- North Carolina State; Barbosa dos Santos, Izailda (barbosad.izailda@ufl.edu)- University of Florida; Storer, Nick (nicholas.storer@corteva.com) -Corteva Agriscience; Oyediran, Isaac (isaac.oyediran@syngenta.com) - Syngenta; Sethi, Amit (amit.sethi@pioneer.com) - Corteva Agriscience; Welch, Kara (welch.kara@epa.gov)-EPA; Pilcher, Clinton (clint.pilcher@corteva.com)- Corteva Agriscience; Mitchell, Paul (pdmitchell@wisc.edu)- University of Wisconsin, Madison; Hurley, Terry (tmh@umn.edu)- University of Minnesota; Carroll, Mathew (matthew.carroll1@bayer.com)- Bayer Crop Science; Gander, Jody (jody.gander@bayer.com)- Bayer Crop Science; Crespo, Andre (andre.crespo@corteva.com)- Corteva Agriscience; Jensen, Bryan (bmjense1@wisc.edu0- University of Wisconsin; Darlington, Molly (mdarlington@huskers.unl.edu) - University of Wisconsin; Dubey, Aditi (aditid@umd.edu)- University of Maryland; Huang, Fangneng (fhuang@agcenter.lsu.edu)- Louisiana State University Ag Center; Luis Hurat-Fuentes, Juan (jurat@utk.edu)- University of Tennessee; Hamilton, Christina (christina.hamilton@wisc.edu)- NCRA/University of Wisconsin, Madison; He, Kanglai (hekanglai@caas.cn)- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Gassmann, Aaron (aaronjg@iastate.edu)- Iowa State University; Wright, Bob (rwright2@unl.edu) - University of Nebraska; Spencer, Joseph( spencer1@illinois.edu) - University of Illinois; Ruberson, John (jruberson2@unl.ed)- University of Nebraska; Hamby, Kelly (kahamby@umd.edu) - University of Maryland; Wechsler, Seth (seth.wechsler@usda.gov)- USDA-APHIS; Farhan, Yasmine (yfarhan@uoguelph.ca)- University of Guelph; Seiter, Nick (nseiter@illinois.edu) - University of Illinois; Miller, Nick (nmiller11@iit.edu)- Illinois Institute of Technology; Swoboda Bhattarai, Katie (kswoboda3@unl.edu)- University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Cummings, Matt- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Bradshaw, Jeff ( jbradshaw2@unl.edu)- University of Nebraska; Brown, Zack (zack_brown@ncsu.edu)- North Carolina State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Vip3A protein source discussion – Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes

- can manufacture Vip3Aa39, 95% similar to Vip3aA20 and Vip3Aa19. He can sell, but would prefer to be involved in the research. Perhaps involve him in grant writing process.

Regional Bt trait/technology fees comparison – Christian Krupke

- Seth Wechsler- agricultural economist involved with project and works for APHIS. Lots of variance across regions and traits are expensive for growers. More traits cost the grower more. Looking at the data, the price differences across regions do not appear to be based on pest abundance or trait efficacy.

EPA Scientific Advisory Panel on Lepidoptera Bt Resistance

- SAP concluded that sentinel plots were cost prohibitive, but Galen mentioned he had surveyed his collaborators and it would only be 3K per location. Vip should be prohibited in southern US corn. Encourage growers to plant non-Bt refuge in southern US and encourage companies to provide good yielding non-Bt hybrids.

Kara Welch, EPA IRM

- Presented on The Unified Website for Biotechnology Regulation that came from Executive Order. Trying to streamline regulatory process for biotech products. They will be opening up comments for new rules on gene edited PIPs soon. Expedited review process for products that come in as “low risk PIP” (not ready to define that publicly yet, but the basis for starting is gene editing that could have happened by a natural process). Contact point is Alan Reynolds.

- Going to open up 60-day comment period soon to SAP and NC246 can respond. Will include letters already written at that time. It would be most impactful to provide one letter from NC246 and additional letters from each of us. They will work on making public data more easily available.

European corn borer and Cry1F – Jocelyn Smith & Art Schaafsma

- Bt resistance in European corn borer in Nova Scotia. All populations were susceptible to Cry1Ab leaf tissue, but four Truro populations took longer to die on Cry1Ab tissue compared to other populations. Wonders if there is a little cross resistance already. Replaced with Optimum Intrasect (Cry1Ab + Cry1F) in the region. Herculex still being sold in Manitoba during 2019, but CFIA has requested phase out of single trait hybrids.

- Conversation with ABSTC on ECB resistance- Amit Sethi; Corteva. Also found resistance. Action item proposed was to look for “island” areas where fields might be small or lots of dairy production to see if Herculex hybrids are currently being sold (is there part for a paper here? Growers in smaller areas have less access to technology from seed producers?). Also look at areas where ECB has historically been a problem. Look for activity in other host crops, as well.

Conventional insecticide use in rootworm management programs: status and challenged

- Lance Meinke- what is the role of soil applied insecticides for rootworm management? Centered largely around continuously planted Bt corn. No new Bt for RW in the next 5-10 years except for SmartStax Pro and insecticide product availability limited. Looked at soil applied insecticides with resistant and susceptible WCR. Western Nebraska populations the soil insecticides failed on (from resistance), while eastern Nebraska the insecticides worked. Ramifications for soil applied insecticides and foliar insecticide interactions. Revisiting BMP and IRM to mitigate resistance. Good for IPM if populations are reduced with insecticide (easier for IPM to work), but questionable value for IRM. For example, allows growers to use Bt traits longer and increase selection pressure. Souza et al. 2019- Western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance confirmed by aerial application simulations of commercial insecticides.

- Aaron Gassmann- WCR Bt resistance. When fields were categorized as current problem, past problem, rotated, etc. resistance wasn’t any different. In response to resistance, growers don’t rotate, but switch to pyramids and soil-applied insecticides. Now there is resistance to pyramids (mCry3A + eCry3.1Ab, as well as Cry3Bb1), due to cross resistance. Single traited Cry34/35Ab1 resistance in some population, as well as Cry34/35Ab1 + Cry3Bb1 pyramid. Therefore, some farmers have resistance to all traits. Seems like the mitigation has led to the evolution of this resistance. Soil-applied insecticide reduces injury to Bt corn for resistant WCR. Unfortunately, there is substantial survival for resistant insects on Bt even when insecticides are present. So while the roots are protected, resistance is still being selected for.

- Matt Carroll with ABSTC thoughts- except in a limited set of conditions, insecticides do not have significant IRM value. To their knowledge, no company is actively promoting them for IRM. Primary BMP is crop rotation, then pyramided product or non-Bt corn, then as a third option additional control tools (soil insecticides, seed-applied insecticides, chemigation). Discussion around mitigation of resistance, since there is some question about using these BMPs for that.

Special Topic Area: Neonicotinoid and other seed treatments

- Aditi Dubey (U. of Maryland)- used insecticide seed treatments in crop rotation. Insecticidal seed treatment persistence in soil was low, but highest in 3rd year of study after corn. Impacts on non-target arthropods were low. Greater community level impacts in wheat and corn compared to soybean. Corn, saw increases in spider abundance with insecticide, maybe because it was easier to catch intoxicated prey, but who knows. Wheat, the effect was stronger and parasitoid wasps of aphids were most strongly reduced in both insecticide treatments (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam). Was not caused by host scarcity, but likely from insecticide in aphid. Delayed effect into spring. Her theory is that either titer was too low in spring to impact aphid, but impacted parasitoids, or there was a carryover effect from the fall (killed them in the fall and fewer in the spring). No impacts on yield since pest pressure was low.

- John Tooker- mentioned study showing that neonics impacted collembolans, which decreased residue decomposition. This in turn can increase slug populations.

- Open forum on seed treatments led by Christian Krupke. ABSTC cannot comment because it could be anti-competitive and it is not within its charter. Discussion on seed treatments ensued. We need to submit these questions individually to each company for discussion.

Special Topic Area: Ear-feeding Lepidoptera and seed blends

- Pat Porter presentation- experiment demonstrates lots of cross pollination with RIB. Also looked at which kernels expressed which toxin when they pollinating. 2 out of 3 years earworm numbers reduced by RIB ears. Ear feeding insect like earworm would experience mosaic of non-Bt and Bt kernels. Especially problematic with earworms resistant to Cry toxins.

- Julie Peterson- WBC larval movement. 3 distinct periods 1) egg mass to tassel as neonate; 94% stay within a 40cm range- horizontal; 2) tassel to ear; movement distance bigger, 9% 120-160cm and even 1 larva to 9.2ft- horizontal; 3) away from ear; 37% 0-40cm and most spread up to 160cm- horizontal. This movement experiment done in a low density non-Bt scenario. High density scenario they move even farther. What about RIB scenario? Larvae may be more likely to abandon Bt plants than non-Bt plants. Neonates silked more when exposed to Bt.

- Carrie Deans at U of Minnesota- lepidopteran nutrition and implications for resistance monitoring. Differential levels of protein and carbohydrates in different cotton tissue types and changes throughout the season. Bollworm prefers to feed on slightly proteinaceous diet (1.6:1 P:C) ratio. Saw differential response to diet by different field-collected populations. Population and genetic background are important for resistance monitoring. No effect of diet on pupal mass. Diet effects on developmental time. Mortality rate decreases for neonates that are delayed exposure 24 hours Cry on regular diet compared to those placed right on diet with Cry.

- Fangneng Huang- larval movement of Helicoverpa zea in RIB with Vip. Did not recover larvae from pure Vip stand. Very few larvae move in pure non-Bt. 30% reduction of larvae in RIB. Also looked to see if there is Vip resistance in earworm.

- Matt Carroll ABSTC- refuge compliance low in southern US and limited in ways to improve refuge compliance. Modeled durability of Vip with RIB (20%) and Cry resistance in earworm. Relative to a structured refuge, their model says improved durability relative to a structured refuge, even when complete dominance is assumed for seed blend refuge.

- Pat Porter Vip3Aa39 for official testing for Vip3Aa19 and Vip3Aa20. Juan Luis says Cry1Ac is used as a proxy for Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab2 is used as a proxy for Cry2Ae. Isaac Oyediran mentioned that Syngenta is ready to provide Vip, but want to be sure that it’s being used for the correct purpose.

Update and discussion on industry “relaxed” research agreements

- Pat Porter clarified who in the companies are responsible for taking on the agreement in the company. Suggestion to clarify some language describing where lyophilized tissue or protein will be determined.

Holly Davis is secretary for next year. Next year’s meeting will be in Pensacola, FL (hosted by Silvana Paula Moraes) and the following year will be in Aubrun, AL (hosted by Katelyn Kesheimer)

Special Topic Area: Economic, social, and psychological aspects of resistance management- Zach Brown on economic, social, and psychological aspects of resistance management.

- Spatial economic spillovers in WCR resistance to Cry3Bb1. No evidence that prior Cry3 use led to higher UXI. He’s unsure, but it could be that CRW predation or some density dependent effect might be important. Because they didn’t find that prior Cry3 use led to higher UXI, they couldn’t find resistance using this model. Point was made that this is very coarse grained data and likely resistance cropping up on a much more fine-grained (like field) level.

- Farmer demand and areawide pest suppression for crop protection traits. As price premium decreases, the quantity of the seed purchases increases. How can we use this model for pest management? A 1% price increase resulted in <1% long-term demand decrease with pest suppression feedback. Without the feedback a 1% price increase resulted in a >1% long-term demand increase. Areawide pest population growth suppression is a public good.

- Evaluating social marketing strategies for addressing pesticide resistance- pilot program by Monsanto using social marketing to convince growers to plant refuge. 2.6-5.8% increase in refuge planted and 12.6% increase in growers planting any refuge in campaign counties the year after the program. Some evidence that smaller growers responded more to program. Effect decayed over time and was not persistent. No statistical effect on refuge compliance and refuge area likely because large growers were less responsive. Most significant effect was mobilizing growers to plant some refuge. Brown 2018 J. Agricul. Econom.

- ABSTC- Clint Pilcher. ESA/WSSA science policy tour during 2019. Goal was to get a new perspective on the development and implementation of local, voluntary, and community based social issues surrounding resistance. They talked about the importance of trust in the social science aspect. Value similarity is more important that competence or facts to gain trust. Most stakeholder groups share similar values so alignment is highly probably if correct approach is used. (protectiowacrops.org) Suggestion was to bring in stakeholder groups to dialogue.

Special Topic Area: Biological control as an IPM and resistance management tool

- Elson Shields- entomopathenogenic nematodes for control of corn rootworm. Nematodes persist even with Bt corn. He thinks they are feeding on intoxicated larvae. Sent nematodes down to Texas, they persisted and reduced injury on non-Bt corn. He thinks it might be able to stand alone on non-Bt corn in the northeastern US, but at a minimum can be a good partner with Bt corn everywhere to extend durability of Bt. Action item: he has 2-5 years before retirement, but if you want in on the party it would be good to get in now.

- Katelyn Kesheimer- EPNs for billbug in bahiagrass. Bahiagrass dieback was attributed to bahiagrass billbug- Sphenophorous coesifrons. Problem is that is lays eggs in grass stem and larvae feed on tillers and roots. The larvae are protected in the stem and difficult to reach. She put out untreated and two different mixes of nematode species. Applied early June, hot and dry, and severe drought followed. Couldn’t get a soil probe into the ground to sample later. She is finding nematodes, nonetheless, and will sample later.

- Jeff Bradshaw- biological control strategies for management of western bean cutworm. Trichogramma wasps are haplodiploid and he has been mass rearing in NE. Trichogramma ostriniae- can they be brought from New York climate to NE? Low parasitism overall in both corn and dry bean. High fecundity, female-biased sex ratio, but not clear if there is any host preference or if the climate is ok. Can not yet achieve the desired 80% parasitism rate.

Special topics proposed for next year: sentinel plots; 2 ½ days of programming; side meetings or discussions virtually around special topics; survivorship, genotypes, and phenotypes of surviving larvae from seed blends; bring cotton-oriented person like Angus to discuss implications for Vip; abut joint meeting with S1080; more time for state reports; zoom meetings when EPA comes out with documents; industry liked open forums with them, rather than closed session by company; molecular markers for resistance monitoring; google docs table with update on relaxed research agreements to see where everyone else is on the process

International Presentation: Ostrinia and corn production in China– Kanglai He, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

- Overview of corn pests in China. Bt is not approved for release, but various events have been tested by scientists. Says block refuge wouldn’t work for small farmers. Natural refuge has worked for Bt cotton.

Accomplishments

Participants had 97 peer review publications and over 100 research reports and research & extension presentations that informed and educated stakeholders (producers, extension agents, and university and private sector scientists) of ongoing pest insect control issues in corn production. Participants developed various extension videos on topics impacting corn pest insect control.  This included videos describing Bt resistance development and grain crop management.  Dozens of extension publications were produced or updated, including updates to managing Bt resistance, crop scouting guides, and those relating to western bean cutworm management and resistance to Bt toxins. The Handy Bt Trait Table, available at <a href="http://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html">www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html</a>, was updated to include observed field resistance among target pest species and corresponding citations in scientific literature.  This designation was added to alert producers and consultants to potential management problems and to encourage field scouting.

Publications

Obj. 1. Investigate the relationship between pest management technologies and the agricultural environment. 1a. Assess the need, efficacy and pest management window of seed treatment insecticides, primarily neonicotinoids, to control secondary below-ground insect pests.  1b. Evaluate possible effects of insecticidal seed coatings on non-target beneficial insects. 1.       AM Alford and CH Krupke. 2019. Movement of the Neonicotinoid Seed Treatment Clothianidin into Groundwater, Aquatic Plants, and Insect Herbivores.  Environmental science & technology 53 (24), 14368-14376 2.       Walter, J. A., L. W. Sheppard, P. D. Venugopal, D. C. Reuman, G. Dively, J. F. Tooker, and D. M. Johnson. 2019. Weather and crop composition drive spatial synchrony of Lepidopteran agricultural pests. Ecological Entomology, in press. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12830 3.       Hiltpold, I. and B.E. Hibbard. 2018. Indirect root defenses cause induced fitness costs in Bt resistant western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 2349-2358. (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy220).  4.       Pereira, A.E., T.A. Coudron, B.W. French, E.J. Bernklau, L.B. Bjostad, and B.E. Hibbard. 2019. Comparative susceptibility of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte neonates to selected insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis proteins in the presence and absence of feeding stimulants. J. Econ. Entomol. 112: 842–851 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy415). 5.       Dubey, A., M.T. Lewis, G.P. Dively, and K.A. Hamby. Accepted 2019, pre-print available at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/689463v1. Evaluating the ecological impacts of pesticide seed treatments on arthropod communities in a grain crop rotation. Journal of Applied Ecology.   6.       Dively, G.P., A.W. Leslie, and C.R.R. Hooks.  2020. Evaluating wildflowers for use in conservation grass buffers to augment natural enemies in neighboring cornfields.  Ecological Engineering 144 (in press).  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.105703  7.       Walter, J.A., L.W. Sheppard, P. D.Venugopal, D.C. Reuman, G.P. Dively, J.F. Tooker, and D.M. Johnson. 2019. Weather and regional crop composition variation drive spatial synchrony of lepidopteran agricultural pests. Ecological Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12830. 8.       Schaafsma, A.W., Limay-Rios, V., Baute, T., and Smith, J.L. 2019. Neonicotinoid residues in subsurface drainage and open ditch water around maize fields in southwestern Ontario. PLoS ONE. 14(4): e0214787. doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0214787. 9.       Editor-Reviewed Articles:  DeVries, T.A., and R. J. Wright. 2019. Evaluation of seed-applied and liquid and granular insecticide formulations at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2018.  Arthropod Manag Tests 44. https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz055  10.   Mollet, K.A., G.E. Hirzel, C. Oliveira-Hofman and J.A. Peterson. 2019. Performance of seed treatments and in-furrow at-plant insecticides for protection against Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm, 2016. Arthropod Management Tests 44. https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz002 11.   Jones, M.S., J.A. Delborne, J. Elsensohn, P.D. Mitchell, and Z.S. Brown. 2019. Does the US public support using gene drives in agriculture? And what do they want to know? Science Advances 5(9):eaau8462  DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8462  12.   Chavas, J.P., and P.D. Mitchell. 2018. Corn Productivity: The Role of Management and Biotechnology. Corn, London: InTech. Online: https://www.intechopen.com/books/corn-production-and-human-health-in-changing-climate/corn-productivity-the-role-of-management-and-biotechnology. Obj. 2. Investigate the ecology, biology, evolution, genetics, and behavior of corn arthropods. 2a. In cooperation with international community, develop genomics tools for key corn pests, including assembled and annotated genome and transcriptome sequences, genetic markers, and physical and QTL maps of important traits.  2b. Characterize races of corn pests, including ecology of races in sympatry.  2c. Assess effects of seed blend refuge in Bt corn on biology, development, and behavior of multiple lepidopteran pest species.  2d. Examine the potential role of microbial associates on important pest traits, including insecticide resistance, behaviors relevant to pest status, and insect-plant interactions.  2e. Characterize dispersal of adult WCR and lepidopteran pests, and assess its implications for IPM and for resistance development, spread, and mitigation. 13.   Smith, J.S., C.D. DiFonzo, T.S. Baute, Michel, A.P., and C.H. Krupke. 2019. Ecology and management of the western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn and dry beans - Revision with focus on the Great Lakes region. doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmz025. 14.   JL Smith, CD Difonzo, TS Baute, AP Michel and CH Krupke. 2019. Ecology and Management of the Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Corn and Dry Beans—Revision With Focus on the Great Lakes Region. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 10 (1), 27 15.   Adedipe, F., Grubbs, N., Coates, B.S., Wiegmann, B., and Lorenzen, M. 2019.  Structural and functional insights into the Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters gene family.  BMC Genomics. 20(1): 899.  16.   Coates, B.S., Kozak, G.M., Kim, K.S., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Fleischer, S., Dopman, E.B., and Sappington, T.W.  2019. Influence of host plant utilization and pheromone strain on variation between sympatric Ostrinia nubilalis populations. Mol Ecol 28(19): 4439-4452.  17.   Coates, B.S., and Abel, C.A. 2019. Differentiation of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and American lotus borer, O. penitalis, from North American field-collections. Journal of Economic Entomology 112(4): 2007-2011.  18.   Kozak, G.M., Wadsworth, C.B., Kahne, S.C., Bogdanowicz, S.M., Harrison, R.G., Coates, B.S., and Dopman, E.B. 2019. Genomic basis of circannual rhythm in the European corn borer. Current Biology 29(20): 3501-3509.e5.  19.   Seong, K.M., Coates, B.S., and Pittendrigh, B.R. 2019.  Impacts of sub-lethal DDT exposures on microRNA and putative target transcript expression in DDT resistant and susceptible Drosophila melanogaster strains.  Frontiers in Genetics 10: 45.  20.   Seong, K.M., Coates, B.S., and Pittendrigh, B.R. 2019.  Impacts of sub-lethal DDT exposures on microRNA and putative target transcript expression in DDT resistant and susceptible Drosophila melanogaster strains.  Frontiers in Genetics 10: 45.  21.   Steele, L.D., Coates, B.S., Seong, K.M., Valero, M.C., Mittapalli, O., Sun, W., Clark, J., and Pittendrigh, B.R. 2018. Changes in expression in mitochondrial pathways associated with DDT resistance in the 91-R strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Insect Science. 18(6): 1-11. 22.     Yu, E. Y., A. J. Gassmann, and T. W. Sappington. 2019. Using flight mills to measure flight propensity and performance of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte). Journal of Visualized Experiments 152: e59196, doi:10.3791/59196.  URL: https://www.jove.com/video/59196 23.   Yu, E. Y., A. J. Gassmann, and T. W. Sappington. 2019. Effects of larval density on dispersal and fecundity of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). PLoS ONE 14(3): e0212696.  24.   Shelton, A. M., Romeis, J., Naranjo, S. E., Hellmich, R. L., Tian, J. C. 2016. Use of Bt-resistant caterpillars to assess the effect of Cry proteins on beneficial natural enemies. IOBC/WPSR Bulletin. 114:51-55.  25.   Tian, J. C., Wang, X. P., Chen, Y., Romeis, J., Naranjo, S. E., Hellmich, R. L., Wang, P., and Shelton, A. M. Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab does not harm two parasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris and Copidosoma floridanum. Sci. Rep., 8(1), p.307. 2018 26.   Reay-Jones, F.P.F. 2019. Pest status and management of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in field corn in the United States. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 10(1): 1-9 (doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmz017).  27.   Bilbo, T. R., F.P.F. Reay-Jones, D. D. Reisig, and J. K. Greene. 2019. Susceptibility of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology. 112: 1845-1857.  28.   Bilbo, T. R., F.P.F. Reay-Jones, D. D. Reisig, J. K. Greene, and M. W. Turnbull. 2019. Development, survival, and feeding behavior of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) relative to Bt protein concentrations in corn ear tissues. PLOS ONE. 14 (8): e0221343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221343.  29.   Caprio, M. A., R. Kurtz, A. Catchot, D. Kerns, D. Reisig, J. Gore, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2019. The corn-cotton agroecosystem in the mid-southern United States: what insecticidal event pyramids should be used in each crop to extend Vip3A durability. Journal of Economic Entomology. 112: 2894-2906.  30.   Bilbo, T. R., F.P.F. Reay-Jones, and J. K. Greene. 2020. Evaluation of insecticide thresholds in late-planted Bt and non-Bt corn for management of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. In press. 31.   Rowen, E. K., J. F. Tooker, and C. Blubaugh. 2019. Soil fertility management to promote arthropod pest suppression. Invited manuscript, Biological Control 134: 130-140.  32.   Rowen, E. K., and J. F. Tooker. 2019. Manure decreases herbivore performance but increases early-season damage on corn in the greenhouse and field. Environmental Entomology, in press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz145 33.   Mahmoud, M.A.B., R.E. Sharp, M.J. Oliver, D.L. Finke, M. Bohn, M.R. Ellersieck, and B.E. Hibbard. 2018. Interactive effects of western corn rootworm and drought on Maize hybrids with and without drought- and rootworm-tolerance in the field. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 193–208 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox309). 34.   Bohn, M.O., J.J. Marroquin, S. Flint-Garcia, K. Dashiell, D.B.Willmot, and B.E. Hibbard.  2018. QTL mapping of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) host plant resistance in two populations of doubled haploid lines in maize (Zea mays L.).  J. Econ. Entomol. 111:435–444 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox310). 35.    Geisert, R.W., D.J. Cheruiyot, B.E. Hibbard, D.I. Shapiro-Ilan, K.S. Shelby, T.A. Coudron. 2018. Comparative assessment of four Steinernematidae and three Heterorhabditidae species for infectivity of larval Diabrotica virgifera virgifera.  J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 542–548. (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox372). 36.   Bernklau, E. J., B. E. Hibbard, and L. B. Bjostad. 2018. Sugar preferences of western corn rootworm larvae in a feeding stimulant blend. J. Appl. Entomol. 142: 947-958 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jen.12540). 37.   Jaffuel, G., N. Imperiali, K. Shelby, R. Campos-Herrera1, R. Geisert, M. Maurhofer, J. Loper, C. Keel, T.C.J. Turlings, and B. E. Hibbard. 2019.  Protecting maize from rootworm damage with the combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Pseudomonas bacteria and entomopathogenic nematodes. Sci. Reports 9:3127 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39753-7. 38.   Bernklau, E.J., B.E. Hibbard, and L.B. Bjostad.  2019. Repellent effects of methyl anthranilate on western corn rootworm larvae in soil bioassays. J. Econ. Entomol. 112: 683 – 690 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy346). 39.   Geisert, R.W., D.C. Ludwick, and B.E. Hibbard. 2019. Effects of cold storage on non-diapausing eggs of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).  J. Econ. Entomol. 112: 708 – 711 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy405). 40.   Zhao, Z., L.N. Meihls, B.E. Hibbard, C. G. Elsik, T. Ji, and K.S. Shelby. 2019. Differential gene expression in response to eCry3.1Ab ingestion in an unselected and eCry3.1Ab-selected western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) population. Scientific Reports | 9:4896 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41067-7. 41.   Ludwick, D.C., A.C. Ericson, L.N. Meihls, M.L. Gregory, T.A. Coudron, B.E. Hibbard, and K.S. Shelby. 2019.  Survey of microbes associated with all western corn rootworm life stages reveals no difference between insects reared on different soils. Scientific Reports | 9:15332 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51870-x).  42.   Zhang, X., C. van Doan, C.C.M. Arce, L. Hu, S. Gruenig, B.E. Hibbard, M.R. Hervé, C. Nielson, C.A.M. Robert, R.A.R. Machado, and M. Erb.  2019. Plant defense resistance in natural enemies of a specialist insect herbivore. PNAS 116: 23174–23181. (https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/10/25/1912599116).  43.   Pereira, A.E., D.C. Ludwick, J. Barry, L.J. Meinke, D.J. Moellenbeck, K. Hyte, A. Ernwall, K. Paddock, and B.E. Hibbard. 2019. Optimizing egg recovery from wild northern corn rootworm beetles. J. Econ. Entomol. 112: 2737–2743. (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz234). 44.   Dively, G.P., F. Huang, I. Oyediran, T. Burd, and S. Morsello. 2019. Evaluation of gene flow in structured and seed blend refuge systems of non-Bt and Bt corn. J. of Pest Sci.  doi:10.1007/s10340-019-01126-4 45.   Smith, J.L., C.D. DiFonzo, T.S. Baute, A.P. Michel, and C.H. Krupke. 2019. Ecology and management of the western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn and dry beans – Revision with focus on the Great Lakes region. JIPM. 10(1): 27. doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmz025. 46.   Tavares, C.S., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Valencia-Jimenez, A., Hunt, T.E., Vélez, A.M., Pereira, E.J.G. 2019. Egg albumin as a protein marker to study dispersal of Noctuidae in the agroecosystem. Environmental Entomology, 48:1260-1269. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz118. 47.   Montezano, D.G., Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D.R., Roque-Specht, V.F., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Peterson, J.A., Hunt, T.E. 2019. Developmental parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) immature stages under controlled and standardized conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11:76-89. 48.   Montezano, D.G., Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D.R., Roque-Specht, V.F., Malaquias, J.V., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Peterson, J.A., Hunt, T.E. 2019.Biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Agricultural Science, 11:240-252. 49.   Pannuti, L.E.R., Baldin, E.L.L.L, Paula-Moraes, S.V., Hunt, T.E., Canassa, V.F., Bentivenha, J.P.F., Silva, I.F. 2019. External marking and behavior of early instar Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on soybean. Florida Entomologist, 102: 90-95. 50.   Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., Paula-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., Huang, F. 2019. Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic in northeast Lousiana, the United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 163: 11-20. 51.   Babu, A., D. Reisig, J. Walgenbach, R. Heiniger, and W. Everman. 2019. Influence of weed manipulation in field borders on brown stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) densities and damage in field corn. Environ. Entomol. 48: 434-443. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvz016 52.   Yang, F., J. Williams, P. Porter, F. Huang and D.L. Kerns. 2019. F2 screen for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa51 protein in field populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Texas, USA. Crop Protection 126: 104915. 53.   Montezano, D.G., T.E. Hunt, A. Specht, P.M. Colombo da Luz and J.A. Peterson. 2019d. Survival and development of Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) immature stages on dry beans, non-Bt, Cry1F and Vip3A maize. Insects 10: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100343   54.   Montezano, D.G., T.E. Hunt, A. Specht, P.M. Colombo da Luz and J.A. Peterson. 2019c. Life cycle parameters of Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Insect Science 19: 14; 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iez073   55.   Montezano, D.G., A. Specht, D.R. Sosa-Gómez, V.F. Roque-Specht, J.V. Malaquias, S.V. Paula-Moraes, J.A. Peterson and T.E. Hunt. 2019b. Biotic potential and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Agricultural Science 11: 240-252. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n13p240   56.   Montezano, D.G., A. Specht, D.R. Sosa-Gómez, V. Ferreira Roque-Specht, S.V. Paula-Moraes, J.A. Peterson and T.E. Hunt. 2019a. Developmental parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) immature stages under controlled and standardized conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science 11: 76-89. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n8p76   57.   Pereira, A.E., B. Tenhumberg, L.J. Meinke, B.D. Siegfried.  2019.  Southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomeldiae) adult emergence and population growth assessment after selection with vacuolar ATPase-A double-stranded RNA over multiple generations.  J. Econ. Entomol. 112: 1354-1364.  doi: 10.1093/jee/toz008 58.    Pereira, A.E., D.C. Ludwick, J. Barry, L.J. Meinke, D.J. Moellenbeck, K. Hyte, A. Ernwall, K. Paddock, and B.E. Hibbard. 2019. Optimizing egg recovery from wild northern corn rootworm beetles. J. Econ. Entomol. 112: 2737–2743.  doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz234.  59.   Schuster N.R., J.A. Peterson, J.E. Gilley, L.R. Schott & A.M. Schmidt. 2019. Soil arthropod abundance and diversity following land application of swine slurry. Agricultural Sciences 10: 150-163. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2019.102013  60.   Tavares, C.S., S. V. Paula-Moraes, A. Valencia-Jimenez, T. E. Hunt, A. M. Vélez, E.J.G. Pereira. 2019. Egg albumin as a protein marker to study dispersal of Noctuidae in the agroecosystem.  Environ. Entomol. 48(6):1260-1269, doi: 10.1093/ee/nvz118  61.   Vélez A.M., E. Fishilevich, M. Rangasamy, C. Khajuria, D.G. McCaskill, A.E. Pereira, P. Gandra, M.L. Frey, S.E. Worden, S.L. Whitlock, W. Lo, J.R. Lutz, K.E. Narva, and B.D. Siegfried. 2019. Control of western corn rootworm via RNAi traits in maize: lethal and sublethal effects of Sec23 dsRNA. Pest Management Science. DOI 10.1002/ps.5666. Obj. 3. Develop and assess IPM and IRM systems for the arthropod complex in corn. 3a. Characterize and monitor for resistance of lepidopteran pests to Bt corn and conventional insecticides, and assess possible IRM and mitigation strategies.  3b. Characterize geographic extent and nature of resistance of Diabrotica spp. to Cry toxins, pyrethroids, and other insecticides, and develop appropriate IPM and IRM strategies for problem areas.  3c. Work toward improving an artificial diet for WCR rearing and more sensitive bioassays of toxins.  3d. Develop strategies to manage the ear-feeding pest complex and model implications for IRM and IPM.  3e. Develop Helicoverpa armigera early detection and mitigation network.  3f. Develop region-specific bioeconomic models to assess refuge and IPM strategies for managing lepidopteran and coleopteran pest resistance to Bt corn expressing stacked and pyramided toxins. 3g. Assess the extent to which limited farmer access to Bt corn varieties targeting only coleopteran or only lepidopteran pests affects the risk of resistance when the economic importance of each pest varies regionally. 62.   Gutiérrez-Moreno, R., D. Mota-Sanchez, C. A. Blanco, M. E. Whalon, H. Terán Santofimio, J. C. Rodriguez-Maciel, and C.D. DiFonzo. 2018. Field-evolved resistance of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to conventional insecticides in Mexico and Puerto Rico. J. Econ. Ent. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy372 63.   Abel, C. A., Coates, B. S. and Scott, M. P.  2019. Evaluation of maize germplasm from Saint Croix for resistance to leaf feeding by fall armyworm. Southwestern Entomologist.  44:99-103. 64.    Lopez, M. D., Dennison, T. S., Paque, T. M., Yandeau-Nelson, M. D., Abel, C. A. and Lauter, N. 2019.  Development and application of a quantitative bioassay to evaluate maize silk resistance to corn earworm herbivory among progenies derived from Peruvian landrace Piura. PLoS ONE. 14(4): e0215414. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215414   65.   Gassmann, A. J., Shrestha, R. B., Kropf, A. L., St. Clair, C. R. and Brenizer, B. D.  2020. Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to Cry34/35Ab1 and other Bacillus thuringiensis traits in transgenic maize.  Pest Management Science 76:268-276  66.   Shrestha, R. B. and Gassmann, A. J.  2019.  Field and laboratory studies of resistance to Bt corn by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).  Journal of Economic Entomology 112:2324-2334 67.   Ludwick, D.C., L.N. Meihls, M.P. Huynh, A.E. Pereira, B.W. French, T.A. Coudron, and B.E. Hibbard.  2018.  A new artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae is compatible with and detects resistance to all current Bt toxins. Scientific Reports: 8:5379 | (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23738-z). 68.   Meihls, L.N., M.P. Huynh, D.C. Ludwick, T.A. Coudron, B.W. French, K. Shelby, A.J. Hitchon, A.W. Schaafsma, A.E. Pereira, and B.E. Hibbard. 2018. Comparison of six artificial diets for support of western corn rootworm bioassays and rearing. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 2727-2733 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy268). 69.   Huynh, M.P., B.E. Hibbard, S.L. Lapointe, R.P. Niedz, B.W. French, A.E. Pereira, D.L. Finke, K.S. Shelby, and T.A. Coudron. 2019. Multidimensional approach to formulating a specialized diet for northern corn rootworm larvae. Scientific Reports: 9:3709 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39709-x  70.   Huynh, M.P., E.J. Bernklau, T.A. Coudron, K.S. Shelby, L.B. Bjostad, and B.E. Hibbard. 2019. Characterization of corn root factors to improve artificial diet for western corn rootworm larvae. J. Insect Sci. 9: 19; 1–8 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iez030). 71.   Huynh, M.P., B.E. Hibbard, M. Vella, S.L. Lapointe, R.P. Niedz, K.S. Shelby, and T.A. Coudron. 2019.  Development of an improved and accessible diet for western corn rootworm larvae using response surface modeling.  Scientific Reports | 9:16009 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-52484-z). 72.   Niu, Y., J. Guo, G.P. Head, P.A. Price and F. Huang. 2019. Phenotypic performance of nine genotypes of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-dual gene resistant fall armyworm on non-Bt and MON 89034 maize. Pest Manag. Sci. 75:2124-2132. 73.   Kaur, G., J. Guo, S. Brown, G.P. Head, P.A. Price, S. Paula-Moraes, X. Ni, M. Dimase and F. Huang. 2019. Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 163: 11-20. 74.   Chen, X., G.P. Head, D.L. Kerns, P. Price, M.E. Rice, F. Huang, R.T. Gilreath, and F. Yang. 2019. Fitness costs of Vip3A resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda on different hosts. Pest Manage. Sci. 75: 1074-1080. 75.   Zhu, C., Y. Niu, Y. Zhou, J. Guo, G.P. Head, P.A. Price, X. Wen, and F. Huang. 2019. Survival and effective dominance level of a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-dual gene resistant population of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on common pyramided Bt corn traits. Crop Protect. 115: 84-91. 76.   Baragamaarachchi, R.Y., Samarasekera, J.K.R.R., Weerasena, O.V.D.S.J., Lamour, K., and J. L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2019. Identification of a native Bacillus thuringiensis strain from Sri Lanka active against Dipel-resistant Plutella xylostella. PeerJ 7: e7535 77.   Smith, J.L., Y. Farhan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2019. Practical resistance of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis maize discovered in Nova Scotia, Canada. Scientific Reports 9 (1): 18247. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54263-2.  78.   Farhan, Y., Smith, J.L., and A.W. Schaafsma. 2019. Susceptibility of different instars of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Vip3A, a Bacillus thuringiensis protein. J Econ Ent. doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz118. 1.       Caprio, M., K. Ryan, A. Catchot, D. Kerns, D. Reisig, J. Gore, F. Reay-Jones. 2019. The corn-cotton agroecosystem in the mid-southern United States: what insecticidal event pyramids should be used in each crop to extend Vip3A durability. J. Econ. Entomol.  112: 2894-2906. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz208 2. 2.       Bilbo, T. F.P.F. Reay-Jones, D. D. Reisig, J. K. Greene, and M. W. Turnbull. 2019. Development, survival, and feeding behavior of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) relative to Bt protein concentrations in corn ear tissues. PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221343 3. 3.       Bilbo, T., F. Reay-Jones, D. Reisig, and J. Greene. 2019. Susceptibility of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. J. Econ. Entomol. 112: 1845-1857. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz062 79.   Carmona, G., J. Rees, R. Seymour, R. Wright, and A. J. McMechan. 2019. Wheat Stem Maggot (Diptera: Chloropidae): An emerging pest of cover crop to corn transition systems. Plant Health Progress. 20: 147-154.         80.   Christiaens, O., S.Whyard, A.M. Vélez, G. Smagghe. 2019. RNA Interference technologies to control insect pests: current status and challenges. Frontiers in Plant Science. In Press.  81.   Montezano, D.G., T.E. Hunt, D. Souza, B.C. Vieira, A.M. Vélez, G.R. Kruger, S.N. Zukoff, J.D. Bradshaw and J.A. Peterson. 2019e. Bifenthrin baseline susceptibility and evaluation of simulated aerial applications in Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 112: 2915-2922. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz237   82.   Naranjo S., R. Hellmich, J. Romeis, A. Shelton, and A.M. Vélez. 2020. The Role and Use of Genetically Engineered Insect-Resistant Crops in IPM Systems. In: Integrated Pest Management of Insect Pests: Current and Future Developments. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. Marcos Kogan and Elvis ‘Short’ Heinrichs eds. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, Cambridge, UK.  83.   Silva, P.R. da, A.N. Istchuk, T.E. Hunt, C.S. Bastos, J.B. Torres, K.L. Campos and J. Foresti. 2019. Susceptibility of corn to stink bug (Dichelops melacanthus) and its management through seed treatment.  Australian Journal of Crop Science 13(12):2015-2021, doi: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.12.p2021  84.   Souza, D., B. C. Vieira, B. K. Fritz, W.C. Hoffmann, J. A. Peterson, G. R. Kruger, L. J. Meinke.  2019.  Western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance confirmed by aerial application simulations of commercial insecticides.  Sci. Rpts. 9:6713.  doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43202-w   85.   Souza, D., J.A. Peterson, R.J. Wright, L.J. Meinke.  2019.  Field efficacy of soil insecticides on pyrethroid-resistant western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Pest Manag. Sci.  published online Sept. 2019: doi: 10.1002/ps.5586  86.   Editor-Reviewed Articles:  DeVries, T.A., R. J. Wright. 2019. Evaluation of granular insecticide formulations of tefluthrin at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2018. Arthropod Manag Tests 44. https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz041  87.   DeVries, T.A., R. J. Wright. 2019. Evaluation of traited corn rootworm and refuge corn hybrids in combination with soil insecticides at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2018. Arthropod Manag Tests 44.  https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz054  88.   DeVries, T.A., R. J. Wright. 2019.Evaluation of liquid and granular insecticide formulations at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2018A. Arthropod Manag Tests 44.  https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz056  89.   DeVries, T.A., R. J. Wright. 2019.Evaluation of liquid and granular insecticide formulations at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2018B. Arthropod Manag Tests, 44.  https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz057  90.   Swoboda-Bhattarai, K.A., S.R. Daniel and J.A. Peterson. 2019b. Evaluation of foliar insecticide application timing for the control of western bean cutworm in field corn, 2018. Arthropod Management Tests 44. https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz090   91.   Swoboda-Bhattarai, K.A., S.R. Daniel and J.A. Peterson. 2019a. Evaluation of foliar insecticides for the control of western. bean cutworm in field corn, 2018. Arthropod Management Tests 44. https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsz063 Obj. 4. Employ diverse delivery methods to disseminate information related to sustainable management of corn arthropod pests. 4a. Establish an NC-205 video library website with permanent high quality versions of IPM videos for open online access and download to computer and portable electronic devices.  4b. Produce and deploy a comprehensive IPM system for cost-effective prevention, early detection, rapid diagnosis, and mitigation of new and emerging corn pests that links all stakeholders who have common interests in pest detection and management. 4c. Develop an array of IPM and IRM distance education workshops.   92.   Naranjo, S. E., Hellmich, R. L., Romeis, J., Shelton, A. M., and Vélez, A. M. The role and use of genetically engineered insect-resistant crops in IPM systems, pp. 283–340. In M. Kogan and E. Heinrichs (eds.), Integrated management of insect pests: current and future developments. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, Cambridge, UK. 2020. 93.   De Bortoli, C.P., and J.L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2019. Mechanisms of resistance to commercially relevant entomopathogenic bacteria. Curr Opin Insect Sci 33:56-62 94.   Extension Publications (examples):  Bradshaw, J. 2019. What’s New in Entomology: Nebraska Panhandle, Crop Production Clinic Proceedings. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/what%E2%80%99s-new-entomology-nebraska-panhandle  Hunt T., J. Peterson, A. Vélez and R. Wright. May 22, 2019.  First European Corn Borer Resistance to Bt Corn Reported in Canada.  Nebraska Extension CropWatch.  95.   Peterson J., K. Swoboda Bhattarai, J. Cluever, J. McMechan and J. Bradshaw. June 21, 2019. Using Degree-Day Models to Predict Western Bean Cutworm Flights.  Nebraska Extension CropWatch.  96.   Swoboda Bhattarai K., J. Peterson and T. Hunt. 2019. The Biology and Management of Ear-Feeding Lepidopteran Pests of Corn in Nebraska. Nebraska Extension Crop Production Clinic Proceedings.  97.   Swoboda Bhattarai K., J. Peterson and S. Daniel. March 8, 2019.  Introducing the ‘Western Bean Cutworm Central’ Webpage.  Nebraska Extension CropWatch.

Impact Statements

Obj. 4. Employ diverse delivery methods to disseminate information related to sustainable management of corn arthropod pests. • Over the past year, a wide variety of methods have been used to communicate information about insect pests of corn and their management, including online videos, peer-reviewed publication, presentations at scientific conference, book chapters and outreach publications. In particular, a book chapter published under this objective that provides a broad review of the application of host-plant resistance through genetic engineering within an context integrated pest management. Insect resistance management continues to be vital to ensuring the viability of transgenic technologies in agricultural crop plants, in particular corn. New approaches, such as RNAi and CRISPR, are considered. Anybody interested in insect-protected, genetically engineered crops will find this review useful. • In 2019, we published results of control evaluations for corn rootworm widely to our crop consultant and grower Extension clients in both print and electronic versions. This document was produced in collaboration with researchers in plant pathology as well as entomology, and provided an unbiased, third-party evaluation of insect and disease control methods. These reports were used to inform management decisions, allowing producers to choose effective control tactics where needed to optimize their economic returns. • Evaluating regional insect pest pressure. Impact statement: Sentinel untreated, non-Bt organic corn revealed inconsistent sporadic pest pressure that ranged from mild to moderate severity. One-size-fits-all preventative management technologies are not targeted for Maryland pests, and pest pressure does not justify preventative applications of insecticides, especially in Bt crops. • Expanding knowledge on damages caused by the sugarcane beetle an sporadic pest in corn • Extension Entomologists and IPM Agents produced approximately 35 newsletter articles detailing insect problems in corn in 2019. We also gave approximately 19 presentations on this topic. • Based on interactions with UNL extension, 89% of Nebraska Independent Crop Consultants Association members have changed their pest recommendations, impacting >0.25 million acres of Nebraska cropland. Examples of how their recommendations have changed include: “Have been more diligent in scouting for WBC,” “refined management of WBC treatments” and "best management practices for rootworm.” The seven presentations comprising the webinar "Corn rootworm management in the transgenic era" published online on the Plant Management Network during 2014 and 2015 have now collectively been viewed 22,428 times. All presenters were affiliated with U.S. land grant universities (most NC246 members). • Employed, radio, webinars, both formal and informal classroom and laboratory training, newsletter blogs, email and field days to provide information on corn arthropod diagnosis and management.