Annual/Termination Reports:

[01/25/2013] [02/15/2014] [01/06/2015] [01/04/2016] [01/26/2017]

Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

WERA 1021: Spotted Wing Drosophila Biology, Ecology, and Management<br /> Report, 2012<br /> <br /> <br /> The WERA 1021 project was approved to begin on October 1, 2012. Accomplishments reported include activities that commenced prior to this start date but were engaged in during the course of the current project. <br /> <br /> <br /> Activities<br /> Annual meeting. November 7, 2012, Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> eFly SWD Working Group Meeting. 20-21 September 2012. Raleigh, NC.<br /> <br /> <br /> NE IPM SWD Working Group Meeting. 1 November 2012. Raleigh, NC.<br /> <br /> <br /> Scientific Presentations<br /> Barrantes, L.D., D.B. Walsh, and M. Hauser. 13 November 2012. Preferences of four species of Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for differents bait types and crop varieties in south-central Washington State, U.S.A. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Barrantes, L.D., M. Hauser, and D. Walsh. 27 March 2012. Trapping study of species of the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Benton County, Washington. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Beers, E.H., P.W. Shearer, and R.A. Van Steenwyk. 13 November 2012. Management of spotted wing drosophila in west coast sweet cherries: A short ride on the IPM continuum. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> Brown, P.H., P.W. Shearer, H.M.A. Thistlewood, J.C. Miller. 13 November 2012. Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae: A potential biological control agent of spotted wing drosophilia, Drosophila suzukii. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Brown, P.H., P.W. Shearer, and S. Castagnoli. 27 March 2012. Spotted wing drosophila in Oregon: an update from the mid-Columbia region. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Bruck, D., A.J. Dreves, P.W. Shearer, L. Tanigoshi, K.A. Hamby, F.G. Zalom, T. Huppelsheuser, J.C. Lee, and A. Cave. 27 March 2012. Management of spotted wing drosophila in west coast small fruits. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J. 29 October 2012. Status, biology, and management of Drosophila suzukii in the southeastern United States. Department of Entomology Seminar Series. University of Georgia, Athens.<br /> <br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J. 29 November 2012. Spotted wing drosophila status, biology, and management efforts in the southeastern United States. Cumberland-Shenandoah Fruit Workers Conference. Rutgers, New Jersey. <br /> <br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J. 11-14 November 2012. Drosophila suzukii in the southeast: monitoring and managing a devastating, yet unregulated, invasive pest. In Invasive Insects: A Global Regulatory Challenge. Entomological Society of America, Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN. <br /> <br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J. 11-14 November 2012. Distribution, impact, and management of invasive pests of fruit in the southeastern US. In Proceeding Along the IPM Continuum: Developing Multifaceted Approaches for Invasive Species. Entomological Society of America, Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J., J. Price, R. Isaacs, D. Horton, C. Rodriguez-Saona, J.P. Smith, and G. Loeb. 20 August 2012. Drosophila suzukii host selection and utilization in eastern United States agroecosystems. In Biology and Control of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. International Congress of Entomology. Daegu, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J. 17 March 2012. The handoff: the need for invasive species coordination between regulators, researchers, and stakeholders. Seventh International IPM Symposium. Memphis, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J.1 6 March 2012. Status, biology, and management of Drosophila suzukii in the eastern US. Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Little Rock, AR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Dreves, A.J., A. Ohrn, D. Bruck, and J.C. Lee. 13 November 2012. Preventative management and landscape ecology of Drosophila suzukii. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Dreves, A.J., A. Ohrn, L. Coop, D. Bruck, and J.C. Lee. 27 March 2012. Spotting the uninvited: monitoring winter survival, adult activity, and fruit infestation of Drosophila suzukii. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hamby, K.A., M.B. Bolda, M.E. Sheehan, and F.G. Zalom. 20 August 2012. Seasonal biology of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in California raspberries. International Congress of Entomology. Daegu, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Haviland, D.R. and S.M. Rill. 13 November 2012. Phenology of the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, in the lower San Joaquin Valley of California. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Isaacs, R. 17 March 2012. Integrating SWD management into established blueberry IPM programs for the Great Lakes region. Eastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Hartford, CT.<br /> <br /> <br /> Kleiber, J., J.C. Lee, M. Qian, D.M. Suckling, C.R. Unelius, D. Bruck. 13 November 2012. Optimizing a bait for Drosophila suzukii to aid in monitoring, decision making and management. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Klick, J., W.Q. Yang, J.R. Hagler, A.J. Dreves, and D. Bruck. 12 November 2012. Immunomarking field perimeters to determine Drosophila suzukii movement into red raspberries. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Klick, J., W.Q. Yang, A.J. Dreves, and V.M. Walton. 27 March 2012. Management of Drosophila suzukii with minimal insecticide inputs. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Kraus, D.A. and H.J. Burrack.1 6 March 2012. Measuring the preference and performance of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) across small fruit crops. Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Little Rock, AR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Lee, J.C. and D. Bruck. 27 March 2012. Alternative hosts and standard trap for spotted wing drosophila. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Ohrn, A. and A.J. Dreves. 27 March 2012. Living on the edge: the interaction between spotted wing drosophila, crop, and surrounding habitat. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Polk, D. and C. Rodriguez-Saona. 17 March 2012. Monitoring and distribution of SWD in NJ in 2011. Eastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Hartford, CT.<br /> <br /> <br /> Price, J.F. 27 March 2012. Seasonal occurrence and alternative hosts of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in Florida. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Price, J.F. 6 March 2012. Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) biology, ecology, and hosts in Florida. Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Little Rock, AR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Rill, S.M. and D.R. Haviland. 27 March 2012. Influence of citrus on overwintering and early spring populations of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, in the lower San Joaquin Valley of California. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Shearer, P.W, 7-12 October 2012. Drosophila suzukii in the USA: monitoring and management in berries and cherries. International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production. Kusadasi, Turkey.<br /> <br /> <br /> Shearer, P.W., R.A. Van Steenwyk, D.J. Bruck, E.H. Beers, and L.K. Tanigoshi. 20 August 2012. Spotted wing drosophila, a new berry and berry pest in the western U.S.A. International Congress of Entomology. Daegu, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Shearer, P.W. 17 March 2012. Spotted Wing Drosophila, a pest of berries and cherries in the western USA. Eastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Hartford, CT.<br /> <br /> <br /> Tochen, S.L. and V.M. Walton. 26 March 2012. Drosophila suzukii degree-day modeling and field validation in the Willamette Valley. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Portland, OR.<br /> <br /> <br /> Van Steenwyk, R.A. 20 August 2012. Control of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in California cherries. International Congress of Entomology. Daegu, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Van Timmeren, S., R. Isaacs, K.S. Mason, C.R. Roubos, and K. ODonnell. 11 November 2012. Evaluation of baits for improved trapping of spotted wing drosophila. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Vilaire, A.R., L.C. Lavine, and D.B. Walsh. 12 November 2012. Differences in oviposition preferences of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, on grape varieties: recommendations for control. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Walton, V.M., S. Tochen, and J. Lee. 20 August 2012. Determining biological parameters of spotted wing drosophila. International Congress of Entomology. Daegu, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Zalom, F.G., K. Hamby, D. Bruck, P. Shearer, and J. Chiu. 20 August 2012. Insecticide resistance monitoring in Drosophila suzukii. International Congress of Entomology. Daegu, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Symposia organized <br /> Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. 11-14 November 2012. Proceeding along the IPM continuum: developing multifaceted approaches for invasive species. Knoxville, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> International Congress of Entomology. 20 August 2012. Biology and control of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Daegu, Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> Seventh International IPM Symposium. 27 March 2012. Making the handoff: moving invasive species from regulation to management. Memphis, TN.<br /> <br /> <br /> Eastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. 17 March 2012. Status of the spotted wing drosophila in the US. Hartford, CT.<br /> <br /> <br /> Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. 6 March 2012. Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii in the southeast: spread, status, and management challenges. Little Rock, AR.

Publications

Peer reviewed publications, 2012<br /> Burrack, H.J., J.P. Smith, D.G. Pfeiffer, G. Koehler, and J. LaForest. 2012. Using volunteer-based networks to track Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) an invasive pest of fruit crops. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 4.<br /> <br /> <br /> Dean, D., J.F. Price, G. Steck, and C.A. Nagle. 2013. Development and impact of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, in Florida strawberries. International Journal of Fruit Science. 13: 67-75.<br /> <br /> <br /> Hamby, K.A., A. Hernandez, K. Boundy-Mills, F.G. Zalom. 2012. Associations of yeasts with spotted-wing Drosophila; Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherries and Raspberries. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78: 4869-4873.<br /> <br /> <br /> Haviland, D.R. and E.H. Beers. 2012. Chemical control programs for Drosophila suzukii that comply with international limitations on pesticide residues for exported sweet cherries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 3.<br /> <br /> <br /> Lee, J.C., H.J. Burrack, L.D. Barrantes, E.H. Beers, A.J. Dreves, K. Hamby, D.R. Haviland, R. Isaacs, T. Richardson, P. Shearer, C.A. Stanley, D.B. Walsh, V.M. Walton, and F.G. Zalom. 2012. Evaluation of monitoring traps for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North America. Journal of Economic Entomology. 105: 1350-1357. <br /> <br /> <br /> Pfeiffer, D., T.C. Leskey, and H.J. Burrack. 2012. Threatening the harvest: the threat from three invasive insects in late season vineyards. In Grape Pests in Eastern North America. Ed. Isaacs, R., N. Bostanian, and C. Vincent. Springer, London. pp. 449-474.

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Margaret Allen (meg.allen@ars.usda.gov) - USDA ARS; Mark Bailey (ironhill@uga.edu) - University of Georgia; James Barbour (jbarbour@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho; David Bellamy (dave.bellamy@ars.usda.gov) - USDA ARS, Hannah Burrack (hjburrac@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State; Daniel Dalton (daltond@hort.oregonstate.edu) - Oregon State University; Amy Dreves (amy.dreves@oregonstate.edu) - Oregon State University; Johanna Elsensohn (jee84@cornell.edu) Cornell University; Christelle Guédot (guedot@wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin; Larry Gut (gut@msu.edu) - Michigan State University; Kelly Hamby (kahamby@ucdavis.edu) - University of California, Davis; Jesse Hardin (jahardi2@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State University; Stephen Hesler (sph12@cornell.edu) - Cornell University; Kim Holmer (khoelmer@ars-ebcl.org) - USDA ARS; Dan Horton (dlhorton@uga.edu) - University of Georgia; Lindsy Iglesias (liglesias@ufl.edu) - University of Florida; Rufus Isaacs (isaacsr@msu.edu) - Michigan State University; Sandra Jaramillo (sandfly@uga.edu) - University of Georgia; Jim Jasinski (jasinski.4@osu.edu) - Ohio State University; Donn Johnson (dtjohnso@uark.edu) - University of Arkansas; Tim Johnson - Marrone Bio Innovations; Anna Kirk (akkirk@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota; Jimmy Klick (klickj@hort.oregonstate.edu) - Oregon State University; Dylan Kraus (dakraus@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State University; Oscar Liburd (oeliburd@ufl.edu) - University of Florida; Greg Loeb (gme1@cornell.edu) - Cornell University; Agenor Mafra Neto (president@iscatech.com) - ISCA Technologies; Anne Nielsen (nielsen@AESOP.Rutgers.edu) - Rutgers University; Teresia Nyoike (NyoikeT@ufl.edu) - University of Florida; Emma Pelton (pelton@wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin; Doug Pfeiffer (dgpfeiff@vt.edu) - Virginia Tech; Dean Polk (polk@rce.rutgers.edu) - Rutgers University; Justin Renkema (renkemaj@uoguelph.ca) - University of Guelph; Cesar Rodriguez-Saona (crodriguez@AESOP.Rutgers.edu) - Rutgers University; Max Scott (max_scott@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State University; Michael Seagraves (michael.seagraves@driscolls.com) - Driscolls; Peter Shearer (peter.shearer@oregonstate.edu) - Oregon State University; Ashfaq Sial (ashsial@uga.edu) - University of Georgia; Lori Spears (lori.spears@usu.edu) - Utah State University; Katherine Swoboda (kaswobod@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State University; Steven Van Timmeren (vantimm2@msu.edu) - Michigan State University;, Anna Wallingford (akw52@cornell.edu) - Cornell University; Vaughn Walton (waltonv@hort.oregonstate.edu) - Oregon State University; Ron Whitehurst (bugnet@rinconvitova.com) - Rincon-Vitova; Megan Woltz (Oregon State University)

Brief Summary of Minutes

WERA 1021: Spotted Wing Drosophila Biology, Ecology, and Management
Meeting Minutes

Date: November 5, 2013
Location: Austin, TX
Time: 8:00am to 3:30pm

Presentations:
State reports (10 minutes each)
Georgia  Ash Sial
Georgia blueberries experienced an estimated 15-20% crop loss due to SWD in 2013.
Objective 4. Compared 3 rotational programs at 2 blueberry sites. Collected data on fly trap captures, fruit infestation, and pesticide residue. Fly captures and infestation were lower in treated plots than untreated controls, and residue levels for all materials used were well below allowable limits.

Idaho  Jim Barbour
Objective 1. Monitoring flies in 2 counties, and captured most flies in fall at both locations.

North Carolina  Hannah Burrack
Objective 1. Recent work has focused on understanding the mechanism of host preference and offspring performance in SWD, and during 2013, we explored the effects of larval diet on competition among immature SWD.

Objective 2. Our laboratory coordinated a multi state bait/lure comparison experiment conducted in summer 2013. Sites were established with cooperators in AR, ME, MN, MI, NC, NY, NJ, OR, WA, and WI. Comparisons were conducted for eight weeks during harvest in blueberries, caneberries, grapes, and strawberries. Of the baits/lures compared, a mixture of wheat flour, yeast, water, and apple cider vinegar contained in a cup floating in apple cider vinegar (fermenting bait cup) and a synthetic lure under development by Trece, Inc (Adair, OK) suspended over apple cider vinegar were the most attractive treatments. However, no bait or lure was highly selective for SWD, with SWD representing fewer than 50% of total Drosophila spp. captured. All alternative treatments captured flies 1 to 2 weeks earlier than apple cider vinegar.

Objective 3. Trapping data from 2010 through 2013 were shared with Oregon State University researchers for use in validating SWD population models developed in the western US in the southeast.

Objective 4. Collaborative work was conducted with colleagues at the University of Georgia to compare insecticide rotational programs for efficacy against SWD in blueberries. The same 3 treatments were repeated in replicated experiments at two sites in NC during 2013. Our results were similar to those described in the GA report. We also compared the effects of potential post harvest fruit storage temperatures and durations on immature SWD in both artificial media and fruit.

Oregon  Peter Shearer
SWD continues to be a key pest in Oregon small and stone fruit production. Oregons total small fruit farmgate value is $170 million dollars. The total management costs for these crops were estimated at $12 million dollars (7% of farmgate crop value) during 2012. During 2013 this estimate is $16.7 million dollars (9.8% of farmgate crop value). These increased management costs were largely due to prolonged high SWD pressure levels. These trends are supported by Industry Stakeholders during 2013.
Currently, SWD management mainly focuses on conventional pesticides. Some research is focused on optimized chemical usage including improved application equipment, timing and targeted area sprays. All strategies focus on reduction and rotation of chemical compounds in order to minimize resistance development. Research on indigenous biological control agents has demonstrated their ineffectiveness. Foreign exploration in South Korea has resulted in 4 parasitoid species being evaluated in quarantine at UC Berkley. Additional research includes more detailed description and investigation of SWD fruit susceptibility, movement, temperature tolerance, population modeling, sanitation and cultural methods.
Industry surveys documented increased knowledge regarding effective management strategies against SWD. Outreach includes online mass media, radio talks, newsletters, industry meetings, farm days and demonstration trials. Online-available and in-print extension documents are updated on an annual basis

Objective 1. The SWD genome data is available online (http://spottedwingflybase.oregonstate.edu). This data can be applied to cover the aspects described in the objective. Spatial movement and distribution studies illustrate the importance of non-crop host plants in commercial small fruit production units.

Objective 2. New bait formulations and traps have been trialed during 2013 and shows promise for monitoring of SWD pest populations.
Objective 3. Temperature-related developmental data were used to develop a temperature-dependent matrix model, which explains SWD risk levels during key harvest periods. Dissection of mature female ovaries during the late dormant period showed an increase in viable eggs with 50% of females containing viable eggs by late May. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that a larger, darker winter phenotype could survive at 1 oC considerably longer than the phenotype associated with summer temperature.

Objective 4. Baseline studies to determine resistance traits of SWD are being conducted. SWD biocontrol with indigenous predators and parasites is negligible. Foreign exploration has resulted in four parasitoids being deposited in quarantine and these are undergoing testing for suitability for release against SWD.

Objective 5. Industry surveys documented increased knowledge regarding effective management strategies against SWD. Outreach includes online mass media, radio talks, newsletters, industry meetings, farm days and demonstration trials. Extension documents are available in print and online (http://spottedwing.org, http://bit.ly/OSU_Gardening2287). Sensitive data is screened by stakeholders before publication.

New York  Greg Loeb
Objective 1. Efforts during 2013 focused on monitoring throughout NY and on determining sources of populations in crops. Infestations were observed in fruits from Viburnum, pokewood, honeysuckle, grey dogwood, choke cherry, buckthorn, and wild blackberry, with the highest density of larvae observed in pokeweed, honeysuckle, and blackberry.

Wisconsin  Christelle Guédot
Objective 1. SWD was first reported in South East WI in 2010. In 2011, 2 counties reported SWD (Dane and Crawford) and in 2012, 13 counties reported SWD throughout the state with raspberry growers being the only identified affected growers. In 2013, we monitored SWD from April through the end of September using apple cider vinegar baited traps at 20 farms in 17 counties scattered throughout the state. This project involved growers and county extension agents and was somewhat successful in that only 9 growers/agents trapped until the end of the season. First trapping in 2013 was June 24th in yeast/sugar traps placed in Crawford county (West central WI).
In 2013, 25 counties reported SWD with another 4 suspected counties. Again, only raspberry growers reported damage. Populations were very variable with some reporting no fly throughout the season while others reported 300 females and 150 males in mid-September. Some locations reported twice as many females than males and others reported more males than females. The data is still being processed.
We obtained a North Central  Regional Integrated Pest Management research and extension grant with MI and MN on "Developing and delivering sustainable SWD management solutions for North Central region berry growers".
As part of this grant, MS student Emma Pelton at UW-Madison conducted a study on landscape effects on SWD infestation in raspberry. Emma monitored SWD levels in Southern Wisconsin at 20 raspberry farms which span a gradient of high-to-low woodland landscapes. She hypothesized first infestation and severity of infestation were dependent on farms surrounding landscape, with the earliest and most severe infestations found in farms situated within a high woodland landscape. She monitored farms weekly for 5 months with yeast-sugar baited traps, with 9 traps per farm across a raspberry-to-woodland gradient. She also conducted salt-tests and rearing experiments to correlate trap catches with fruit infestation and found >97% SWD in reared drosophila larvae. Emma is currently processing samples.

Objective 2. We participated in the multi-state multi bait comparison led by Hannah Burrack from NC-State. In WI, we conducted 4 replicates over 8 weeks in a raspberry farm with high pressure and low management of insect pest populations.

Objective 5. We developed a SWD website http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/swd/ to inform growers and the general public about SWD biology, impact, management, updates, and data on occurrence from our monitoring project. In addition, multiple presentations on how to identify and best manage SWD were presented at grower field days and conferences in WI. Newsletters and recommendations for raspberry, cherry, blueberry, strawberry, and grape were sent out to respective WI grower associations, master gardeners, and county agents.

Florida  Lindsy Iglesias
Objective 1. Monitoring conducted in 9 counties; Drosophila suzukii detected in 28 counties. Trap captures were higher in field margins than within monitored blueberry fields.

Objective 2. Conducted two experiments comparing a total of 5 different baits. Yeast and yeast mixtures containing wheat flour captured the most flies.

Objective 4. Trap captures were higher in fields with pine bark mulch than in fields where weed barrier was used as mulch. Compared 7 different spray programs in blueberries, and trap captures were lower than untreated controls in all treated plots.

Objective 5. Produced extension publication, Spotted Wing Drosophila: Pest Management Recommendations for Florida Blueberries (http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/liburd/fruitnvegipm/presentations/SWD_recommendations.pdf).

Michigan  Rufus Isaacs
Objective 1. 445 crop sites were monitored during 2013 with yeast and sugar baited traps.

Objective 4. Efficacy of registered and promising new insecticides compared, with Exirel, Apta, and Dimilin providing promising results. Sites where post harvest sprays were made were compared to sites without post harvest treatments, and no benefit of post harvest treatments was observed. Application methods (helicopter, air cannon, and tower sprayers) were compared.

Objective 5. Data from monitoring sites shared online (http://www.ipm.msu.edu/invasive_species/spotted_wing_drosophila).

Arkansas  Donn Johnson
Objective 1. Flies were detected in 13 counties during 2013. Larvae were reared from blackberry, raspberry, blueberry, peach, and strawberry but were not reared from bunch or muscadine grapes.

Objective 2. During fruiting, a bait comprised of Concord grape juice, apple cider vinegar, ethanol, and soap was more attractive than a yeast and sugar solution. After fruiting the yeast and sugar solution was more attractive.

Objective 5. Three workshops were held which trained 35 county agents and 92 fruit growers or master gardeners. Posted information at Fruit and Nut Pest Management website (http://comp.uark.edu/~dtjohnso/). Began a grower survey in October 2013 to assess fly presence, impacts, management practices, and research/extension priorities.

Minnesota  Annie Kirk
Objective 1. Spotted wing drosophila first confirmed in MN in 2012. Sampling activities began in May 2013, and 31 counties had positive collections. Both apple cider vinegar and yeast baits were employed. Larvae were reared from grapes, raspberries, strawberries, and a cherry tomato variety (Lemon Drop).

Objective 3. Work has begun on assessing overwintering potential under MN conditions, with a focus on super cooling point assessment and reproductive diapause.

Objective 5. A survey was conducted to assess SWD impacts in MN. The survey received a total of 46 respondents, representing 37% commercial growers and 63% hobby growers. Infestation was reported in raspberries, grapes, and strawberries, and 80% of respondents indicated that they were very likely to monitor for SWD during 2014. The top priorities for respondents were: 1. Non chemical control, 2. Chemical control, 3. SWD identification, and 4. Trap recommendations. An outreach website (http://www.vegedge.umn.edu/SWD/SWD.html) was developed to deliver extension information to stakeholders.

New Jersey  Dean Polk
Objective 2. Conducted a similar comparison of baits as organized through North Carolina, but did not include synthetic lures due to limited availability. Placed 4 homemade bait treatments at 21 locations in 2 NJ counties. The fermenting bait cup and the Droskidrink baited traps captured the most flies of the treatments compared.

Objective 5. Growers were trained in larval sampling via salt water extraction, and the statewide IPM program sampled field collected fruit weekly. Growers sampled fruit at each picking prepack, and some sampled post packing. Also compared grower practices at 6 sites in 2010 (before SWD), 2012 (first established year with SWD), and 2013. Pesticide applications from bloom through harvest increased from 5 (2010) to 8 (2013), neonicotinoid applications decreased from 2.5 (2010) to 1 (2013), and organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethroid, and spinsosyn applications all increased. This represented an increase in applications of 62% and a 2.5 to 3-fold increase in active ingredient used.

Virginia  Doug Pfeiffer
Objective 1. SWD is confirmed from 25 VA counties. SWD larvae were found in a range of grape varieties, including Pinot Noir, Petit Verdot, Merlot, Chardonnay, and Cabernet Franc. In laboratory no choice and choice experiments, SWD also infested Petit Verdot, Vidal, Viognier, Petit Maseng, Cabernet Franc, and Pinotage. SWD have been reared from non crop hosts including wild blackberries, pokeweed, dogwood, persimmon, rose hips, Tartarian honeysuckle, mock strawberry, and porcelain berry.

Objective 2. Conducted comparisons of fruit extracts as baits in traps to apple cider vinegar, wine, and yeast and sugar. Vinegar was the least attractive bait.

Objective 4. Have reared wasps from collected larve, one figitid and one Asobara spp.

In addition to SWD, work has also focused on Zaprionus indianus, the African fig fly. African fig fly has been confirmed from 12 counties in VA. In some grape clusters, African fig fly infestation was observed to be high.

Utah  Lori Spears
Spotted wing drosophila (SWD; Drosophila suzukii) was first detected in Davis county, Utah in 2010 and has been found every year since. Their numbers have been relatively low so far, with 73 flies found in 2010, 61 flies in 2011, and 16 flies in 2012. In 2013, 24 flies were found at 5 different sites in Davis county using the sugar / yeast bait. Host plants have included peaches, tart cherries, raspberries, plums, apples, and grapes. However, to date, infested fruit have not been reported in Utah.

Objective 5. Utah State University (USU) has created fact sheets and identification cards (which are accessible online at USUs Plant Pest and Diagnostic Lab website), and has written newsletter and media articles to help increase awareness of SWD. In 2014, USU is planning to continue their surveying efforts and will focus on commercial orchards and backyard tree and berry fruit. These surveys may expand to include additional counties and additional hosts (ornamental and wild hosts). They are also planning on providing training to producers and homeowners by developing workshops, which will be presented in high risk areas and will focus on SWD biology, monitoring, identification, and control. New outreach materials may also be produced and distributed to the public.

Ontario  Justin Renkema
Objective 1. Monitoring conducted at more than 60 locations during 2013 using apple cider vinegar baited traps. The number of SWD per trap has increased yearly from 2011 through 2013, and the largest number of flies were captured in southwestern Ontarion in 2013.

Objective 2. Trap design comparisons were conducted at three locations, and traps with the largest entry area captured the most flies. Efforts to relate fly traps captures to infestation as determined by salt test or rearing of flies are underway.

Objective 3. A degree day model has been posted online in collaboration with cooperators in the western US (http://uspest.org/cgi-bin/ddmodel.us?spp=swd).

Update on transgenic Drosophila suzukii  Max Scott

Presentations on WERA 1021 Objectives:
Each presentation summarized current published and ongoing work related to the WERA 1021 Objectives.
Objective 1: Kelly Hamby.
Objective 2: Cesar Rodriquez-Saona
Objective 3: Vaughn Walton
Objective 4: Rufus Isaacs

Cesar Rodriquez-Saona assumed chair for 2014, and Christelle Guédot volunteered to serve as Chair-elect. Meeting time and location will be determined in early 2014.

Accomplishments

Publications

Bellamy, D.E., M.S. Sisterson, S.S. Walse. 2013. Quantifying host potentials: Indexing post harvest fresh fruits for spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. PLoS One. Published: April 12, 2013<br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J., G.E. Fernandez, T. Spivey, D.A. Kraus. 2013. Variation in selection and utilization of host crops in the field and laboratory by Drosophila suzukii Matsumara (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an invasive frugivore. Pest Management Science. 69: 1173-1180.<br /> <br /> Lee, J. C., P. Shearer, L. D. Bahder, E. H.Beers, H.J. Burrack,D.T. Dalton, A. Dreves, L. Gut, K. Hamby, D. Haviland, R. Isaacs, A.L. Nielsen, T. Richardson, C. Rodriguez-Saona , C. Stanley, D. Walsh, V. Walton, W. Yee, F. Zalom, D. Bruck. 2013. Trap designs for monitoring Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Environmental Entomology. 42: 1123-1453.<br /> <br /> Hamby, K.A., R.S. Kwok, F.G. Zalom, J.C. Chiu. 2013. Integrating circadian activity and gene expression profiles to predict chronotoxicity of Drosophila suzukiii responses to insecticides. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068472<br /> <br /> Lee, Jana C., Hannah J. Burrack, Luz D. Barrantes, Elizabeth H. Beers, Amy J. Dreves, Kelly Hamby, David R. Haviland, Rufus Isaacs, Tamara Richardson, Peter W. Shearer, Cory A. Stanley, Doug B. Walsh, Vaughn M. Walton, Frank G. Zalom, and Denny J. Bruck. 2012. Evaluation of monitoring traps for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North America. Journal of Economic Entomology. 105: 1350-1357.<br /> <br /> Rossi Stacconi M.V., Grassi A., Dalton D., Miller B., Ouantar M., Ioriatti C., Walton V., Anfora G. 2013. First field records of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) as a parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii in European and Oregon Small fruit production areas. Entomologia. 1: 11-16.<br /> <br /> Steffan, S. A., J. C. Lee, M.E. Singleton, A. Vilaire, D. B. Walsh, Laura S. Lavine, K. Patten. Accepted. Susceptibility of cranberries to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). J. Econ Entomol. Volume 106: 2267-2684<br /> <br /> Tochen, S., Dalton D.T., Wiman, N., Hamm, C., Shearer, P. W. and Walton V.M., 2013 (Accepted). Temperature-related development and population parameters for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) on cherry and blueberry. Environmental Entomology. EN-13-200<br /> <br /> Van Timmeren, S. and R. Isaacs. 2013. Control of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, by specific insecticides and by organic crop protection programs. Crop Protection. 54: 126-133.<br /> <br /> Yu, D., F.G. Zalom, K.A. Hamby. 2013. Host status and fruit odor responses of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to figs and mulberries. Journal of Economic Entomology. 106: 1932-1937.

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

• Coakley, Stella (stella.coakley@oregonstate.edu)- Oregon State University
• Cowles, Richard (richard.cowles@ct.gov) - Ct Agric Expt Station
• Diepenbrock, Lauren (laurendiepenbrock@gmail.com) - North Carolina State University
• Hooper, Marcia (marcia.hooper@agr.gc.ca) - Agriculture And Agri-Food Canada
• Loeb, Gregory (gme1@cornell.edu) - Cornell University
• Philips, Christopher (cphilips@umn.edu) - University Of Minnesota
• Polk, Dean (polk@aesop.rutgers.edu)- Rutgers Cooperative Extension
• Wallingford, Anna (annawllngfrd@gmail.com)- Cornell University
• Ahmad, Ashfaq Sial (ashsial@uga.edu)- University Of Georgia
• Barbour, Jim (jbarbour@uidaho.edu)- University of Idaho
• Cook, Stephen (stephenc@uidaho.edu)- University Of Idaho
• Grasswitz, Tessa (tgrasswi@nmsu.edu)- New Mexico State University
• Hamby, Kelly (kahamby@ucdavis.edu)- UC Davis
• Johnson , Donn (dtjohnso@uark.edu)- University Of Arkansas
• Pfeiffer, Douglas (dgpfeiff@vt.edu)- Virginia Tech University
• Renkema, Justin (renkemaj@uoguelph.ca)- University of Guelph
• Rodriguez-Saona Cesar (crodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu)-Rutgers University
• Shearer, Peter (peter.shearer@oregonstate.edu)- Oregon State University
• Shrader, Meredith (mcassell@vt.edu)- Virginia Tech University
• Blanton, Anna (akkirk@umn.edu)- University Of Minnesota
• Dreves, Amy (amy.dreves@oregonstate.edu) -Oregon State University
• Elsensohn, Johanna (jeelsens@ncsu.edu)- North Carolina State University
• Guedot,Christelle (guedot@wisc.edu)- UW-Madison
• Iglesias, Lindsy (liglesias@ufl.edu)- University Of Florida
• Isaacs, Rufus (isaacsr@msu.edu)- Michigan State University
• Moore, Patricia (pjmoore@uga.edu)- University of Georgia
• Nielsen, Anne (nielsen@aesop.rutgers.edu)-Rutgers University
• Pelton, Emma (pelton@wisc.edu)-University Of Wisconsin Madison
• Spears, Lori (lori.spears@usu.edu)- Utah State University
• Swoboda, Bhattarai Katharine (kaswobod@ncsu.edu)- North Carolina State
• University Thistlewood, Howard (howard.thistlewood@agr.gc.ca) -Agriculture & Agrifood Canada
• Wahls, James (jcew90@vt.edu) - Virginia Tech University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief Summary of Annual Meeting

Location: Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon (Rm E147-148)
Date: Tuesday November 18, 2014
Time: 1:30-9:00 PM

Organizers:
Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
Christelle Guédot

1:30 PM Welcoming Remarks

1:35 PM Seasonal phenology and population dynamics of Drosophila suzukii in Oregon
Peter W. Shearer, Oregon State University ; Vaughn Walton, Oregon State University

1:55 PM SWD overwintering biology and use of wild host plants in the Northeast US
Gregory M. Loeb, Cornell University ; Anna Wallingford, Cornell University ; Johanna Elsensohn, Cornell University ; Stephen P. Hesler, Cornell University

2:15 PM Trap, trap, trap those spotted wing drosophila: Challenges and improvements
Jana C. Lee, USDA - ARS

2:35 PM Drosophila suzukii population estimation and development of a real-time risk model
Vaughn Walton, Oregon State University ; Daniel T. Dalton, Oregon State University ; Nik G. Wiman, Oregon State University ; Samantha L. Tochen, Oregon State University ; Betsey Miller, Oregon State University ; Hannah Burrack, University of California ; Kent M. Daane, University of California ; Xin-geng Wang, University of California ; Peter W. Shearer, Oregon State University ; Claudio Ioriatti, Fondazione Edmund Mach ; Gianfranco Anfora, Fondazione Edmund Mach ; Alberto Grassi, Fondazione Edmund Mach ; Markus Neteler, Research and Innovation Centre - Fondazione Edmund Mach

2:55 PM Comparing the attractiveness of homemade baits and synthetic lures for monitoring Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in host crops
Hannah Burrack, University of California ; Mark K. Asplen, Metropolitan State University ; Brian W. Bahder, Washington State University ; Frank Drummond, University of Maine ; Christelle Guédot, USDA - ARS ; Rufus Isaacs, Michigan State University ; Donn Johnson, University of Arkansas ; Anna K Kirk, Michigan State University ; Jana C. Lee, USDA - ARS ; Gregory M. Loeb, Cornell University ; Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ; Steven Van Timmeren, Michigan State University

3:15 PM Break

3:30 PM Degree day modeling of Drosophila suzukii spring phenology
Amy J. Dreves, Oregon State University ; Leonard Coop, Oregon State University ; Amanda Ohrn, Oregon State University ; Thomas Peerbolt, Peerbolt Crop Management, Inc

3:50 PM Evaluation of crop protectants for minimizing SWD infestation in berries
Rufus Isaacs, Michigan State University ; Hannah Burrack, University of California ; John C. Wise, Michigan State University ; Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ; Steven Van Timmeren, Michigan State University

4:10 PM Developing behaviorally based tools for management of spotted wing drosophila
Tracy C. Leskey, USDA - ARS ; Brent Short, USDA - ARS ; Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

4:30 PM Behavioral control and mass trapping: Lessons learned in blueberries
Richard Cowles, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station ; Steven Alm, University of Rhode Island ; Heather Faubert, University of Rhode Island

4:50 PM Prospects for classical biological control of Drosophila suzukii
Kim A. Hoelmer, USDA - ARS ; Kent M. Daane, University of California ; Xin-geng Wang, University of California ; Vaughn Walton, Oregon State University ; Emilio Guerrieri, National Research Council of Italy ; Massimo Giorgini, National Research Council of Italy

5:10 PM Concluding Remarks

Summary of Presentations (above):

Peter W. Shearer (Oregon State University): Seasonal Phenology and Population Dynamics of Drosophila suzukii in Oregon
SWD has grown as a pest in Europe this past year, while continuing to pose a threat in North America. A number of insecticide sprays exist for western cherries and berries, including pyrethroids. However, attractants are inconsistent, even for first capture. In a study, the “haviland” trap was found to be most effective - catches first fly more often than simple deli cup. Clustering traps was even more effective. Yeast is much more effective than apple cider vinegar, and Scentry is the most effective commercial lure. Attractants tend to catch females before males. OSU is developing statistical models for phenology and population structure. Females exhibit phenological variation - they are smaller and lighter in the summer, and larger and darker in the winter. They also tested a Scentry lure killing solution of water, soap, and boric acid.

Gregory M. Loeb (Cornell University): SWD overwintering biology and use of wild host plants in the northeast US
There is a need for region-based plans for SWD management, including strategies focusing on overwintering behavior. In New York, the first adult is usually captured mid June/mid July, but really starts to build up in August through early November. Shortening day length and cooler temperatures are both important environmental cues for reproductive diapause. Reproduction shuts down at less than 12 hr days. However, there is little evidence that short day length contributes to cold tolerance. Larval development under cooler temperatures leads to the winter morph and cold tolerance. It is still unclear when diapause ends and under what circumstances, and how behavior may play a role in overwintering. Wild hosts include bush honeysuckle, blackberry, and pokeweed. The first two are particularly important early-mid season. Flies were caught most on wild hosts mid-season, mostly on silky dogwood and wild blackberry. Importance of a wild host as a reservoir includes female attraction, quality as larval host, timing of ripeness, length of season, abundance, and distance from the susceptible crop.

Jana C. Lee (USDA-ARS): Trap, trap, trap those SWD: challenges and improvements
Physical aspects of traps are very important for attraction. A nationwide assay compared the 6 most-used types of traps in 2011. The trap with wide side-mesh caught the most: more entry area led to more catch. However, it was not very selective. Dome traps were most attractive, which may be due to bait volume or the color of entry. Dreves found that traps with smallest head space caught the most flies. In terms of color, red and yellow traps caught the most, and no trap X crop interaction was discovered. Basoalto found that red and black bands together were more attractive than red or black alone, and that a “sombrero”-style landing area was attractive. Orange-yellow was found to be a more attractive color than lemon yellow. Additionally, the number of entry points matters. Lee and Van Steenwyk both found side entry to be the best method. Beers and Lee found greater bait volume to be more attractive, but headspace and surface area are both important. Beers and Cowles both found evidence that a smaller headspace is more attractive. Dreves found that prevention of escape from pest strips increases capture. Iglesias found that the addition of soap led to higher, though non-significant, capture. Van Steenwyk found the addition of fluon significantly increased capture. Overall, color, entry area, orientation, volume, surface, and headspace might attract from afar. Larger entry area may reduce retention, while surface area, headspace, and prevention of escape might increase retention. It is unclear whether a modified “McVale” entry - underneath trap - may be effective.

Vaughn Walton (Oregon State University): Drosophila suzukii population estimation and development of a real time risk model
There are many SWD generations per season: early generations are synchronized, while later generations overlap. A real time population model is being developed at OSU. According to population estimates, pressure was predicted to be much higher for 2012 than 2011, which was confirmed in the field. There are regional differences in seasonal phenology: in the San Joaquin Valley, winter and summer bottlenecks reduce populations. The model was found to agree with real numbers. There are several applications for this model. The first is real time area-wide risk assessment with high resolution remotely sensed temperature data. The second is virtual determination of optimal action, such as timing of action. Early application may be much more effective than summer spray, which manages 5-10% of the population. The model is being used to develop an online tool for grower use. Environmental manipulation may be very important to manage populations. Drip irrigation may reduce fly number compared to overhead irrigation with poor drainage. Pruning berries may lead to ~46% reduction, and the use of a weed mat may reduce ~94% by increasing soil temperatures. This has not been verified by field insect collections.

Hannah J. Burrack (North Carolina State University): Comparing the attractiveness of homemade baits and the synthetic lures for monitoring Drosophila suzukii in host crops
Baits were tested for attractiveness, attractiveness by crop, specificity, and female reproductive status differences. The fermenting cup was most effective, and even more effective for females than males. There was much higher trap capture in caneberry than blueberry, though it was unclear whether this was due to low population abundance, a fruit effect, or something else. More males were caught than females in blueberry, and they preferred the Trece lure over apple cider vinegar. Attractants were nonselective: <50% of drosophilids were Drosophila suzukii. All other attractants caught the first fly 1-2 weeks earlier than apple cider vinegar. However, all are poor indicators of fruit infestation. The highest mature egg count was found before fruit ripening. There is a need to test new attractants and identify volatile compounds to increase specificity and simplify applications.

Amy Dreves (Oregon State University): Degree day modeling of Drosophila suzukii spring phenology
Goals of the degree day model are simplicity, ease of use, robustness, and utility for different climates and years. It is part descriptive, reflecting current understanding, and part predictive, for first feeding, reproduction, and signaling first treatment. The lower temperature threshold is 10ºC and the upper is 30ºC, with 169 DD from egg to adult. Up to 90% oviposition was found in Sarcococca, an invasive Asian non-crop host. A sex shift in the population from males to females at ~180 DD may be used to predict egg laying, though this was found to be less apparent in blueberries. The degree day model is up on uspest.org. It may be useful to help target the first generation of SWD for management.

Rufus Isaacs (Michigan State University): Evaluation of crop protectants for minimizing SWD infestation in berries
Early lab bioassays of crop protectants found pyrethroids most effective, especially early. Neonicotinoids were less effective. Spinosyn was slow, and Biological very ineffective. In semi-field studies, Imidan, Lannate, and pyrethroid (Mustang Max) were most effective, even with rain. Small, commercial-scale tests showed that both conventional and organic methods can keep SWD levels down in real-world conditions. Microscope-enhanced salt tests were found to greatly increase SWD detection, with more life stages visible. Post-infestation treatment is effective, but depends on time after egg laying; some insecticides penetrate into the fruit. Integration of temperature-dependent life table data into modeling population estimates can improve action recommendations. Shorter application intervals and targeting all life stages are both important, but information on life-stage sensitivity to available management tools is key.

Tracy C. Leskey (USDA-ARS): Developing behaviorally based tools for management of SWD
There are four components of attract and kill strategy: visual cues, olfactory cues, deployment strategy, and capture mechanism. Red and black traps were shown to be most effective, and while there is no clear shape preference, larger stimuli are better. Yeast-sugar mix bait greatly increased attractiveness in early lab study. Scentry and Trece were most attractive, but not as selective. Perimeter-based deployment has worked for apple maggot, but not tested in SWD. Lethality tests show that lots of compounds can kill SWD. In field trials, Delegate and Venom together, unbaited, reduced SWD, and were more effective than both alone. Adding bait also produced SWD reduction, but the baited sphere showed more SWD larvae/pupae per plant, and neither was as effective as spraying. As the population increases, control breaks down, and there is a need to understand foraging behavior to improve control.

Richard Cowles (Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station): Behavioral control and mass trapping: lessons learned in blueberries
Kanzawa 1939 showed economic protection of sweet cherries in Japan through mass trapping. 2013 trapping data showed that damage increased with later-ripening varieties and distance from trap. For mass trapping to be effective, it must prevent females from laying eggs. Spraying the trap greatly increased capture efficiency, but there was no difference in the number of larvae in fruit between non-trapped and trapped fields. However, traps can still be used for resistance management, effective monitoring for spray program. There is a need to reduce cost per trap and number oftraps needed: a modified McVale trap was just as effective as an expensive Trappit dome trap. Mass trapping is likely not the only answer: it becomes less effective as the season progresses. It is possible that kombucha could be an effective bait, but this is so far speculative.

Kim A. Hoelmer (USDA-ARS): Prospects for classical biological control of Drosophila suzukii
Parasitoids are believed important in regulating populations of many drosophila spp. Two residents, P. vindemmiae and T. drosophilae, attack SWD pupae, though none attack larvae. Asian Ganaspis spp. may be effective for control. SWD has a broad host range of in Asia, providing many potential niches for natural enemies. It is important to repeat surveys for natural enemies at different times of year over several years and in many regions. Simple traps are inexpensive and effective, but nonspecific, and it is better if the trap can actually be exposed to SWD. Several trips have been made by USDA and OSU in conjunction with Italian colleagues. Imported parasitoids have been successfully cultured on SWD and identified to genus and morphospecies, with many in Asobara. Initial results in figitid and braconid spp may be promising, along with preliminary results in asobarids. Projects with EU and Asian partners are ongoing.

State Reports

Arkansas - Donn Johnson: Exclusion by screening a high tunnel is being tested using Proteknet 25g weave. It is about 10ºC hotter inside the tunnel. Very few SWD have been caught inside, even though they were caught outside, with a similar sex ratio caught inside and out. Infestation in wild blackberry can be up to 100% in mid july, and remains high through mid august. There was a high infestation in unsprayed blackberry at the experimental station during the same period.

Connecticut - Rich Cowles: Many more SWD were found in raspberries in late season compared to blueberries in early season. It is unclear whether populations are overwintering locally or coming from the south. It is possible that the cold winter may have killed overwintering flies, delaying emergence.

Florida - Lindsy Iglesias: Trapping in strawberries caught a mean of 6-14 flies per trap from February through May. In the same period, traps in blueberries caught mean 1-4 flies per trap, with organic crops seeing losses. Traps in blackberries caught 3-4/trap from June through July. Populations peak in June-July and again in December-January. Cultivated blackberry was significantly more attractive compared to wild and blueberry, but wild blackbarries in Florida are much smaller than cultivated berries. Border sprays were found to be effective, and cultivation of berry fields may also be effective. In testing baits, yeast/sugar collected the most flies, though Suzukiitrap was more selective.

Georgia - Ash Sial: There were much fewer SWD in 2014 than 2012, 2013. First catch was February 14, and there was a small population peak towards the beginning of highbush season in mid-April. After a long lull, there was a second peak during rabbiteye season from the end of June through mid August. Organic spray programs were ineffective in both highbush and rabbiteye, with almost no difference from control plots. The electrostatic sprayer had least leaf area coverage, and was least effective in semi-field trials.

Michigan - Rufus Isaacs: 2014 was a cooler season for cherries, so fly and harvest season overlapped. Many control trials were conducted for a variety of protectants both conventional and organic. Good control was achieved with several organic products.

New Jersey - Dean Polk: Trece lure caught the most flies throughout the season. First capture was ~1 month later than 2013, in mid July, and overall levels were lower than 2013. High larval infestation was observed in commercial berries. With insecticide intervals of 2-3 weeks, SWD capture was low but still positive. Sprays were down compared to the previous year, but still high.

New York - Greg Loeb: SWD populations emerged later in the season with a lower overall population, but late season fruit were still hit with infestation. Adults were caught 1-2 weeks before infestation with the best lure (yeast), thanks to a well-trained monitoring team.

North Carolina - Katharine Swoboda: There was low mortality on insect growth regulators, with no effect on reproductivity. Edible fruit coatings may reduce immature survivorship, but only at high concentrations with excellent coverage. Typical post-harvest storage may delay development and cause some mortality, but won’t eliminate infestation. Weekly pesticide rotations were effective for rabbiteye, but not blackberries. Sanitation important for caneberry, and infestation was found only in ripe caneberry fruit.

Ontario - Justin Renkema: SWD counts were slightly lower than 2013. Essential oil repellency is being tested to identify compounds and formulate an effective blend. Field evaluation with biopolymer flakes resulted in some reduction and may be viable in conjunction with attract and kill. Primers for gut content analysis for SWD were developed.

Oregon - Peter Shearer: Climate-driven models are being developed, though there is inadequate overwintering information. The Scentry lure is the best commercially available, but was found to be less effective than yeast-sugar solution. There was another exploration trip to Asia to survey for biocontrol agents. Mass trapping trials proved ineffective - adding baits may help. The extension website spottedwing.org received 90,000 pageviews throughout the year.

Utah - Lori Spears: There was a mean of less than 1 swd per trap, and first capture occurred on June 2. SWD was detected in 5 new counties, and there was a general increase in abundance. Cache county caught the most flies due to its northern location and abundance of wild hosts. Milder temperaturess and precipitation may explain increases for 2014.

Virginia - Doug Pfeiffer and Meredith Shrader: SWD was found to be capable of ovipositing directly in intact grapes. There is competition between Zaprionus and SWD in grapes, with a higher survivorship of Zaprionus in grapes, though potential interaction effects remain unclear. Parasitoid trapping was conducted: Figitidae, Pachycrepoideus, and Asobara spp. were successfully reared, but only in D. melanogaster. It may be possible to use Brix as tool to determine first spray application.

Wisconsin - Christelle Guedot: First capture occurred in early July, 1 week later than 2013. Highest capture was 250 in a week, and trapping occurred into November. Susceptibility of cold climate grape varieties was tested, but only fewer than 5 larvae/kg was detected in all varieties. Very few larvae were discovered in “uncracked” grapes, while “cracked” grapes sometimes had eggs along the crack. In general, more surrounding woodland area correlated with earlier the first detection, but the amount of woodland edge wasn’t a significant indicator.

Elections: Christelle Guedot will chair the 2015 meeting.

Accomplishments

Publications

Adrion, J., A. Kousathanas, M. Pascual, H. Burrack, N. Haddad, A. Bergland, H. Machado, T. Sackton, T. Schlenke, M. Watada, D. Wegmann, N. Singh. 2014. Drosophila suzukii: the genetic footprint of a recent, world-wide invasion. Molecular Biology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu246<br /> <br /> Burrack, H.J., Asplen M., Bahder L., Collins, J., Drummond F.A., Guédot C., Isaacs, R., Johnson D., Blanton A., Lee J.C., Loeb G., Rodriguez-Saona, C., Van Timmeren, S., Walsh D., and McPhie D.R. 2015. Multi-state comparison of attractants for monitoring Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blueberries and caneberries. Environmental Entomology. In Press.<br /> <br /> Cha, D.H., Hesler, S.P., Park, S.Y., Adams, T., Zack, R., Rogg, H., Loeb, G.M., Landolt, P.J. 2015. Simpler is better: fewer nontarget insects trapped with a 4-component synthetic lure verses a chemically comples food-type bait for Drosophila suzukii. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, In Press.<br /> <br /> Cowles, R.S., C. Rodriguez-Saona, R. Holdcraft, G.M. Loeb, J.E. Elsensohn, and S.P. Hesler. 2015. Sucrose improves insecticide activity against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. In Press.<br /> <br /> Hampton, E., C. Koski, O. Barsoian, H. Faubert, R. S. Cowles, and S. R. Alm. 2014. Use of early ripening cultivars to avoid infestation and mass trapping to manage Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Vaccinium corybosum (Ericales: Ericaceae). J. Econ. Entomol. 107: 1849 – 1857.<br /> <br /> Lee, J.C., A.J. Dreves, A.M. Cave, S. Kawai, R. Isaacs, J.C. Miller, S. Van Timmeren, D.J. Bruck. 2015. Infestation of wild and ornamental non-crop fruits by Drosophila suzukii. Annals of the Entomological Soc. America, in press. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/sau014.<br /> <br /> Swoboda-Bhattarai, K.A. and H.J. Burrack. 2014. Influence of edible fruit coatings on Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) oviposition and development. International Journal of Pest Management. DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2014.971453<br /> <br /> Wiman, N.G., G. Anfora, H.J. Burrack, J. Chiu, K.M. Daane, D.T. Dalton, A. Grassi, C. Ioratti, B. Millar, S. Tochen, X. Wang, and V.M. Walton. 2014. Temperature dependent Drosophila suzukii population estimation. PLoS Computational Biology. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106909<br /> <br /> Wise, J. C., Vanderpoppen, R., Vandervoort, C., O’Donnell, C., & Isaacs, R. 2014. Curative activity contributes to control of spotted-wing drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and blueberry maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in highbush blueberry. The Canadian Entomologist, 1-9.<br /> <br /> Woltz, J.M., K.M. Donahue, D.J. Bruck, J.C. Lee. 2015. Efficacy of commercially available predators, nematodes, and fungal entomopathogens for augmentative control of Drosophila suzukii. J. Applied Entomology. In Press.<br />

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Swoboda Bhattarai, Katharine (kaswobod@ncsu.edu) North Carolina State University

Shearer, Peter (Peter.Shearer@oregonstate.edu) Oregon State University

Pfeiffer, Doug (dgpfeiff@vt.edu) Virginia Tech

Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar (crodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu) Rutgers University

Hamby, Kelly (kahamby@umd.edu) University of Maryland

Burrack, Hannah (hjburrac@ncsu.edu) North Carolina State University

Diepenbrock, Lauren (laurendiepenbrock@gmail.com) North Carolina State University

Lee, Jackie (jackie.lee@okstate.edu) Oklahoma State University

Butler, Haley (haley.butler@okstate.edu ) Oklahoma State University

Spears, Lori (lori.spears@usu.edu) Utah State University

Alston, Diane (diane.alston@usu.edu) Utah State University

Liburd, Oscar (oeliburd@ufl.edu) University of Florida

Cook, Stephen (stephenc@uidaho.edu) University of Idaho

Sial, Ashfaq (ashsial@uga.edu) University of Georgia

Raudenbush, Amy (raudenbush@aesop.rutgers.edu) Rutgers

Short, Brent (brent.short@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS

Loeb, Greg (gme1@cornell.edu) Greg Loeb

Wallingford, Anna (akw52@cornell.edu) Cornell University

Isaacs, Rufus (isaacsr@msu.edu) Michigan State University

Leach, Heather (leachhea@msu.edu) Michigan State University>br>
Guedot, Christelle (guedot@wisc.edu) UW-Madison

Hietala-Henschell, Kathryn (kghietal@mtu.edu) UW-Madison

Dalton, Daniel (daniel.dalton@oregonstate.edu) Oregon State University

Wahls, James (jcew90@vt.edu) Virginia Tech

Hussain, Barkat (bhatbari@rediffmail.com) Virginia Tech

Lavine, Laura (lavine@wsu.edu) Washington State University

Van Timmeren , Steven (vantimm2@msu.edu) Michigan State University

Pelton, Emma (pelton@wisc.edu) UW-Madison

Gut, Larry (gut@msu.edu) Michigan State University

Iglesias, Lindsy (liglesias@ufl.edu) University of Florida

Shrader, Meredith (mcassell@vt.edu) Virginia Tech

Johnson, Donn (dtjohnso@uark.edu) University of Arkansas

Sward, Grace - University of Minnesota

Asplen, Mark (mark.asplen@metrostate.edu) Metro State

Teulon, David

Bolton, Grant (lgbcm4@mail.missouri.edu)

Yanan-Zheng, Nancy (rockyya@163.com)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Agenda

Organized Meeting: Partnering to Develop Solutions against the Infamous Invasive Pest Spotted Wing Drosophil

Tuesday November 17, 2015

Organizers: Christelle Guédot and Ash Ahmad

Summary Statement: First detected in the continental US in California in 2008, spotted wing drosophila (SWD; Drosophila suzukii), is an invasive vinegar fly from Southeast Asia that attacks soft-skinned fruit. Since its introduction, it has quickly spread and is now reported in 46 U.S. states. SWD is causing significant crop losses as high as 100%, particularly in raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries, with an economic impact estimated at $718 million annually in the U.S. alone. SWD is highly polyphagous, affecting numerous other fruit crops and non-crop hosts. Current management practices rely primarily on the use of preventative insecticide applications. However, these intense control measures are not environmentally sustainable and can be very costly for growers while not completely preventing crop loss. This proposed symposium will provide a comprehensive review of the research currently conducted nationwide on SWD. Four main areas of research on SWD will be presented: 1) biology and ecology, 2) optimization of monitoring systems, 3) population dynamics and phenology, and 4) evaluation of management strategies. These areas follow the research objectives of the multi-state Hatch project “WERA 1021: Spotted Wing Drosophila Biology, Ecology, and Management”. Our symposium will be part of this Hatch project and will foster sharing and exchange among scientists of research efforts related to this important pest. With the increasing research conducted nationally and internationally on this challenging pest, this symposium will also aim at fostering partnerships to develop solutions, while avoiding duplication of research efforts.

Description: This symposium will bring together speakers to present research on the biology, ecology, and management of SWD. Researchers, post-docs, and students will learn about the latest advances on SWD research and how research groups across the country are partnering in developing solutions to mitigate the impact of SWD on fruit crops worldwide.

Comments: This symposium is part of a multi-state Hatch project "WERA 1021". We request that the symposium occur in the afternoon to allow for WERA participants to provide state reports and participate in discussions following the symposium.

Outline: An organized Research Meeting will take place on Tuesday, November 17, 2015: 1:30-5:00, followed by snacks and State Reports from 5:30-7:00 pm.

1:30 – 5:00 PM Entomological Society of America - Organized meeting

1:30 PM - Welcoming Remarks, Christelle Guédot

1:35 PM - Uncovering the basics of SWD, recent research in its biology and ecology

Jana C. Lee (jana.lee@ars.usda.gov), USDA - ARS, Corvallis, OR

 Speaker 1: Jana Lee - Biology and Ecology

Jana Lee covered the basics of SWD, recent research on its biology and ecology. Regarding reproduction she reported mature eggs were found in March and April and no mature eggs before that. Which leads to the question, what causes return to reproduction? Data suggests that long-days result in eggs being quickly laid whereas short days result in a slow return to laying eggs. In additions, access to cherry and blueberry blossoms improve SWD survival. Two scenarios have been seen where short days in the spring result in early mating, while on the other hand long days around 16 hours will result in mating to occur later. In lab, low photoperiod results in fewer eggs and one generation can create winter morph and vice versa. In the field, winter morphs show up in October. Shearer and brown found that winter morphs survive longer at cold temperatures and have a lower cold lethal temperature, with cold acclimations. Thistlewood and Rozema found males emerged from under apricot trees with emergence traps. Dreves found adults in cavities of rotting fruits in October and November, adults found within bark crevices, moss, lichen, under plastic mulch, and tree collars.

1:55 PM - Drosophila suzukii population dynamics: Implications for management

Vaughn Walton (vaughn.walton@oregonstate.edu)¹, Nik G. Wiman¹, Daniel Dalton¹, Gianfranco Anfora², Hannah Burrack³, Joanna Chiu⁴, Kent M. Daane⁵, Rufus Isaacs⁶, Alberto Grassi⁷, Betsey Miller¹, Samantha L. Tochen¹, Xin-geng Wang⁵ and Claudio Loriatti⁷, ¹Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, ²IASMA Research and Innovation Center, San Michele, Italy, ³North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, ⁴University of California, Davis, CA, ⁵University of California, Berkeley, CA, ⁶Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ⁷Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele, Italy

Speaker 2: Vaughn Walton - Population Dynamics

Vaughn Walton covered SWD population dynamics and implications for management. SWD pressure is different between seasons. The current knowledge describes the population structure of SWD to have many generations’ preseason, generations synchronizing later (overlapping), and high reproductive capacity. Early spring survival plays an important role and there is a lot of interest in cold temperatures and humidity. Survival rates at low temperatures prove to have significant drop offs but some individuals can survive. We don’t have extinction levels like we thought earlier. Degree day is more useful to compare than actual days and peak oviposition occurs at 410 degree days. Increase in reproductive potential around 400 degree days. Males survive at lower levels than females, possibly due to male risky behavior. Mortality curves, or survival curves, over time have been created to identify which life stages at present at what degree days and how can we manage. Winter morphs are physiologically and behaviorally different than summer morphs. Alternate hosts play an important role, whereas surrounding vegetation can play a role early in the season. SWD can use pollen and nectar to facilitate early and late season survival. Wiman et al. 2014 described the stages of SWD population and found that early in the season most of the population is adults. If we can figure out how to kill those few adults that survived we could effectively reduce populations. Focus sprays to kill most adults early, focus sprays to kill larvae and eggs later in the season 

2:15 PM - How wild hosts and landscape factors affect SWD populations

Emma Pelton (pelton@wisc.edu)¹, Rufus Isaacs², Steven VanTimmeren², Annie Blanton³, William Hutchison³, Claudio Gratton⁴ and Christelle Guédot¹,¹University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, ²Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ³University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, ⁴University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

Speaker 3: Emma Pelton - Wild hosts and landscapes

Emma Pelton covered how wild hosts and woodland landscapes affect SWD. SWD consider relevant natural landscapes as they provide wild hosts and overwintering habitat. SWD use both cultivated and wild hosts equally. Winter morphs are more cold tolerant than summer morphs, and protected microhabitats play a role in survival. With this knowledge an interesting question arises, does the amount of woodland in the landscape effect SWD populations? Higher trap catches in woodlands than raspberries. A fixed effect model with percent woodland, state, and year showed that woodland does not affect growth rate, however state had an effect. SWD larvae were found in 80% of the raspberries processed. Overall, woodland did not affect adult or larval abundance in raspberry, however fewer flies were found in the farms with higher woodlands.

2:35 PM - Performance of various traps and baits for monitoring Drosophila suzukii in berry crops

Oscar Liburd (oeliburd@ufl.edu), Lindsy Iglesias and Teresia Nyoike, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Speaker 4: Oscar Liburd - Traps and baits for monitoring 

Oscar Liburd covered performance of various traps and baits for monitoring SWD in berry crops. There are more than 28 counties infested in Florida. Standard surveillance included RCBD trial to determine trap and bait effectiveness in both conventional and organic farms. Different colors of traps were tested throughout the season. In late season, clear traps were not as effective (and over total trap catches). No difference in male-female attractiveness of any baits and traps, although more females were caught overall. There were interactions between entry area and trap design. Multiple studies have found that yeast-sugar is as effective as Droski drink; however yeast is does not serve as selective bait. In conclusion, Scentry lures are reliable throughout the season. 

2:55 PM - Progress towards developing behavior-based control strategies for spotted wing drosophila

Cesar Rodriguez-Saona (CRodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu)^1,2, Tracy C. Leskey³, Aijun Zhang⁴, Anne Nielsen⁵ and Caryn Michel⁵, ¹Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, ²Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Chatsworth, NJ, ³USDA - ARS, Kearneysville, WV, ⁴USDA - ARS, Beltsville, MD, ⁵Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Bridgeton, NJ

Speaker 5: Cesar Rodriguez-Saona – Progress towards developing behavior-based control strategies for SWD

Cesar Rodriguez-Saona covered progress towards developing behavior-based control strategies for SWD Challenges to IPM and addressing issues such as unreliable monitoring techniques, limited control options (e.g., insecticides), and need for alternative management strategies. The objectives were to determine behavioral responses to chemical cues and develop attract and kill. An olfactometer was used to determine SWD responses to fruit volatiles. Both females and males most attracted to raspberry volatiles over other fruits and control. They used antennae response experiment and identified which compounds from raspberry which had highest responses. A synthetic chemical blend (11 components) was created and found more effective than control. Tried in the field for two years and was a “complete failure”. This year, other fruit volatile based lures were evaluated in blueberry fields in NJ using yellow jacket insect traps and found some are successful. Lethality of attracticidal spheres developed for apple maggot fly for SWD was evaluated. They assessed multiple active ingredients at various rates and applied this knowledge to field trials with the spheres and found all spheres better than the control and spray. The spray + sphere were the most effective treatments. Another experiment used tangle-trap coated fruit at various heights on a potted plant and found placing them low on the plant caught more flies. This suggests that flies like to utilize the lower part of the plant. This experiment was repeated in the field and found the same results. The low part of plant is preferred by SWD and addition to center rows, but this was a small experiment and another experiment found they prefer edge rows and middle of plant. 

3:15 PM - Break

3:30 PM - Preliminary development of an insecticide based attract-and-kill tactic for spotted wind drosophila

Matthew Grieshop (grieshop@msu.edu), Juan Huang, Danielle Kirkpatrick, Larry Gut and Rufus Isaacs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

 Speaker 6: Matthew Grieshop – Insecticide based attract and kill tactic for SWD.

Matthew Grieshop covered insecticide based attract and kill tactic for SWD. It is important to determine if toxin or lure are more important for attract and kill method. Current preliminary trap and kill technology include: pyrethroid treated nylon fabric pouch with a droplet of attractant. Steps for device development include: identify attractants, force contact bioassays to determine exposure time needed for mortality. One question investigated assessed if certain colors lead to adults landing? Choice and no-choice tests for color (and contrast) were conducted where purple, red, and black were most effective. The second question addressed was whether or not there was a reflectance component? Overall, fluorescent red was most attractive. After 60 minutes, 100% mortality after just 2 seconds of adult contact. The next steps are to field videograph to test field effectiveness and impacts on beneficial insects.

3:50 PM - Seasonal dispersal and exclusion of spotted wing drosophila

Donn Johnson (dtjohnso@uark.edu) and Barbara Lewis, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR

Speaker 7: Donn Johnson – spotted wing drosophila in blackberries in field and screened high tunnels.

Donn Johnson covered SWD in blackberries in field and screened high tunnels. Arkansas first detected SWD in blueberry on July 1, 2012. SWD was found investing Japanese honeysuckle in October. Current research is comparing floricane, fruits mid-summer, and primocane, fruits late and mid-summer. Summer floricane-fruiting crop in June and July, adjacent early season crops align with earlier adult catches, however primocane, caught large numbers of SWD all season long. More activity in unsprayed blackberries, population dips in July when temperatures reach fluctuated around 90 F. High tunnels with a fine screen reached temperatures around 100 F, Johnson proposed the question of whether SWD was screened out or heated out? In the comparison of field trapping vs high-tunnel the screen kept SWD out. The field received organic sprays and saw 7-90% infestation, whereas 0-9% infestation was seen in the high-tunnel (the infestation was like due to human error as the door was left open). When compared the high tunnel (1146 dd) temperature and degree days was higher than the outside (1043 dd) temperature, 5-20 degrees higher. 

4:10 PM - Fate of spotted wing drosophila larvae in harvested fruit

Hannah Burrack (hannah_burrack@ncsu.edu), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

Speaker 8: Hannah Burrack – fate of drosophila suzukii larvae in fruit.

 Hannah Burrack covered the fate of SWD larvae in fruit, post-harvest detection and handling. There is a high risk of larval presence in “marketable” fruit. Understanding the fate of larvae depending on life stage, storage temperature and duration is important for fruit growers and processers. No eggs survived in raspberries at 34 F for a 72 hour time period, and lower survival was seen in all larvae. A significant reduction in eggs and third instar was recorded at 72 hours at 35 F. Immature stage development stopped when fruit was kept at 35 F for up to 3 days. Future research includes longer storage and lower temperatures. Yanan Zheng presented parasitoid surveys in North Carolina and found that parasitic wasps were found in crop and non-crop sites. However a lot of variation was seen by site and habitat. Also, parasitism rates higher in melanogaster than suzukii. 

4:30 PM - Residue declines and post-harvest mitigation of pesticide residues to meet export MRL restrictions in highbush blueberry

Rufus Isaacs (isaacsr@msu.edu), Steven Van Timmeren and John C. Wise, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

Speaker 9: Rufus isaacs – residue declines and post-harvest mitigation of pesticide residues to meet export MRL restrictions in highbush blueberry.

Rufus Isaacs covered residue declines and post-harvest mitigation of pesticide residues to meet export maximum residue limit (MRL) for a pesticide restrictions in highbush blueberry. There has been an increase in blueberries from 2005, over 1.5 billion lbs by 2017. MRL’s potentially limit international trade for crops that rely pesticides for yield protection. Small blueberry bush crops were studied, over the study they were protected from rain, sprayed and residue levels recorded. Seven of the 17 insecticides are well below the limit. Residue amounts declined with the number of days after treatment. The question asking if reapplication raises the risk was asked. The data suggests that yes more pesticides used resulted in more residues. It is always recommended to rotate sprays to prevent insect resilience and MRL. Post-harvest comparison was tested comparing frozen, fridge, hydro-cooling, and chlorine treated berries. Chlorine treatment reduced the most pesticide residue. The following insecticides: brigatde, exirel, danitol, and lannate, are not recommended to be used near harvest. In conclusion, processed berries can have lower MRL when chlorine washed. 

4:50 PM - Concluding Remarks, Christelle Guédot

5:00 – 6:00 PM: State report poster session and mixer

6:00 – 8:00 PM: Open discussion

• Open Discussion 

The topics below were open for discussion at the beginning of the session:

1. Funding opportunities


2. Collaborations for multistate research, such as bait and trap comparisons in the past


3. Standardization of methods for bioassays, e.g. standard methods for assessing pesticide activities


4. Holes in knowledge that need to be addressed


5. New directions for research and collaborations (international collaborations, genetics...)


6. Anything else?

Groups were organized to discuss topics 2, 3, and 4 as other topics were not deemed relevant to discuss at that time by the group (funding opportunities have been explored and awarded, see section 6. Grants, and new directions and collaborations were not seen as a priority).

Topic 2: The group discussed multi-state research collaborations that should be explored on the following topics: survey of natural enemies (Lead: Christelle Guédot); crop vulnerability of grapes and possibly elderberry (Lead: Doug Pfeiffer); non-crop hosts and effect of landscape (Lead: Jackie Lee); Zaprionus distribution (Lead: Doug Pfeiffer); effect of microclimate (Lead: Diepenbrock and Dalton); mulches and cultural controls. Leads were identified to start discussions and collaborations on the web-based program Basecamp.

Topic 3: The group discussed how to standardize methods for assessing pesticide activity in the field, semi-field, and laboratory conditions (Lead: Ash Sial and Rufus Isaacs)

Topic 4: The group discussed a number of different topics/ideas that addressed gaps in knowledge. These include the following:

1. For different regions, which non crop (wild) hosts are utilized as reproductive host for SWD at what times during the season and what is the impact of wild hosts on population dynamics and crop risk?


2. Better estimates of dispersal at the local scale by SWD in terms of distance and timing for different regions. Also an assessment of the extent to which long distance movement occurs in North America (from north to south, also possibly dispersal over elevation) and importance in infestation risk, population dynamics and population genetics.


3. Continued investigations into seasonal biology and overwintering with particular emphasis on winter morphs and importance in cold/desiccation tolerance and overwintering survival for different regions.


4. What do we know about biological control by entomopathogens?


5. Additional information on mechanisms by which SWD resists parasitoids (native species verses species from area of origin) and evolution.


6. Impact of fruit pathogens (fungal or bacterial) on SWD adult behavior and larval performance. Also potential of SWD in vectoring fruit pathogens. Differences between SWD and D. melanogaster.


7. What is the relationship between adult trap catches and actual population levels? There sometimes is an assumption that there is a good relationship but this has not been rigorously examined.


8. Better understanding of economic injury levels for different crops, cropping systems, and markets for different regions and relationship with adult monitoring.


9. We have an opportunity to study host invasion evolution with SWD and it is important to obtain good baseline data on phenotypic and genetic differences related to traits such as host use, diapause, cold tolerance, etc.


10. What is the role of urban areas as sources for SWD in understanding timing of infestation and population dynamics?


11. Interest in a better understanding of how adult physiological state (e.g. winter morph in the spring, non-reproductive verses with mature eggs, etc.) influences behavior (e.g. adult food choice, habitat preferences, activity levels) and ecology.

The group then discussed the renewal of WERA taskforce. It was decided that the taskforce should be renewed. The new president Ash Sial will work with the Vice-President Elect to renew the WERA 1021. The group elected Kelly Hamby, University of Maryland, as Vice-President of the WERA Taskforce.

 

 

Accomplishments

<p>Major grants obtained by members of the group. All have stakeholders involved and an extension component.</p><br /> <p><strong>USDA NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative</strong></p><br /> <p><em>Title:</em> Sustainable spotted wing drosophila management for United States fruit crops</p><br /> <p><em>Total amount awarded:</em> $6,745,400</p><br /> <p><em>Project director</em> Hannah J. Burrack, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University</p><br /> <p><em>Co-project directors</em> Greg Loeb, Professor, gme1@cornell.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology, Cornell University; 428 Barton Laboratory, Geneva, NY 14456</p><br /> <p>Vaughn Walton, Associate Professor, vaughn.walton@oregonstate.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University; 4017 Ag and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304</p><br /> <p>Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Associate Professor &amp; Extension Specialist, crodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology, Rutgers University; Marucci Blueberry-Cranberry Research Center, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ 08019-2006</p><br /> <p>Rufus Isaacs, Professor, isaacsr@msu.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University; 578 Wilson Road, Room 202, East Lansing, MI 48824</p><br /> <p>Ash Sial, Assistant Professor, ashsial@uga.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology, University of Georgia; 463D Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602-2603</p><br /> <p>Kent Daane, Extension Specialist, kdaane@ucanr.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Environ Science, Policy, &amp; Management, University of California, Berkeley; 212 Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720</p><br /> <p>Joanna Chiu, Assistant Professor, jcchiu@ucdavis.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis; One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616</p><br /> <p>Peter Shearer, Professor, peter.shearer@oregonstate.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University; Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research &amp; Extension Center, 3005 Experiment Station Drive, Hood River, OR 97031</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>Collaborating investigators</em></p><br /> <p>Zachary Brown, Assistant Professor, zack_brown@ncsu.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University; Campus Box 8109, Raleigh, NC 27695-8109</p><br /> <p>Ke Dong, Professor, dongk@msu.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University; 293 Farm Lane, Room 438b, East Lansing, MI 48824</p><br /> <p>Frank Drummond, Professor, frank.drummond@umit.maine.edu</p><br /> <p>School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine; 305 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 044698</p><br /> <p>Miguel Gomez, Associate Professor, mig7@cornell.edu</p><br /> <p>School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University; 137 Reservoir Ave, Ithaca, NY 14850</p><br /> <p>Larry Gut, Professor, gut@msu.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University; 578 Wilson Road, Room 205b, East Lansing, MI 48824</p><br /> <p>Kim Hoelmer, Research Entomologist, kim.hoelmer@ars.usda.gov</p><br /> <p>USDA Agricultural Research Service; 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, DE 19713-3814</p><br /> <p>Max Scott, Professor, max_scott@ncsu.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University; Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613</p><br /> <p>Zain Syed, Assistant Professor, zsyed@nd.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame University; 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556</p><br /> <p>Frank Zalom, Professor, fgzalom@ucdavis.edu</p><br /> <p>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis; One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>USDA NIFA Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative</strong></p><br /> <p><em>Project title:</em> Development and implementation of systems-based organic management strategies for spotted wing drosophila</p><br /> <p><em>Total Amount awarded:</em> $2,000,000</p><br /> <p><em>Duration: </em>3 years</p><br /> <p><em>Project Director:</em> Dr. Ashfaq (Sial) Ahmad, Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 463D Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602. E-mail: ashsial@uga.edu</p><br /> <p><em>Co-PD(s): </em></p><br /> <p>Dr. Hannah J. Burrack, Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Box 7634, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. Email: hjburrac@ncsu.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Matthew J. Grieshop, Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 205 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, East Lansing, MI 48824. Email: grieshop@msu.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Christelle Gu&eacute;dot, Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist, Department of</p><br /> <p>Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 546 Russel Laboratories, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. Email: guedot@wisc.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Kelly A. Hamby, Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist, Department of</p><br /> <p>Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742. Email: kahamby@umd.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Rufus Isaacs, Professor, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 202B Center for Integrated Plant Systems, East Lansing, MI 48824. Email: isaacsr@msu.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Mary A. Rogers, Assistant Professor, Sustainable &amp; Organic Horticultural Food Production Systems, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 305 Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108. Email: roge0168@umn.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Vaughn M. Walton, Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, ALS 4105C,</p><br /> <p>Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Email: vaughn.walton@oregonstate.edu</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>Co-PI(s): </em></p><br /> <p>Dr. Donn T. Johnson, Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 319 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Email: dtjohnso@uark.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Jana Lee, Research Entomologist, Horticultural Crops Research, United States</p><br /> <p>Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330. Email: Jana.Lee@ars.usda.gov</p><br /> <p>Dr. Tracy C. Leskey, Research Entomologist, Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory,</p><br /> <p>United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 2217 Wiltshire</p><br /> <p>Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430. Email: Tracy.Leskey@ars.usda.gov</p><br /> <p>Dr. Oscar E. Liburd, Professor, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, 970 Natural Area Drive, Gainsville, FL 32611. Email: oeliburd@ufl.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Jennie H. Popp, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and</p><br /> <p>Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, 218B Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Email: jhpopp@uark.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Peter W. Shearer, Professor, Oregon State University, Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research &amp; Extension Center, 3005 Experiment Station Drive, Hood River, OR 97031. Email: Peter.Shearer@oregonstate.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Alexandra Stone, Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture &ndash; eOrganic, Oregon State University, 4017 Ag Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331. Email: Alex.Stone@oregonstate.edu</p><br /> <p>Dr. Frank G. Zalom, Professor, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, 374 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616. Email:</p><br /> <p>fgzalom@ucdavis.edu</p>

Publications

<p><strong>Publications in peer review scientific journals</strong></p><br /> <p>Abraham, J., A. Zhang, S. Abubeker, S. Angeli, and C. Rodriguez-Saona. 2015. Behavioral and antennal responses of spotted wing drosophila, <em>Drosophila suzukii</em>, to volatiles from fruit extracts. Environmental Entomology 44: 356-367.</p><br /> <p>Lee, J.C., D.T. Dalton, K.A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, D.J. Bruck, H.J. Burrack, B.C. Strik, J.M. Moltz, and V.M. Walton. 2015. Characterization and manipulation of fruit susceptibility to Drosophila suzukii. Journal of Pest Science. DOI 10.1007/s10340-015-0692-9</p><br /> <p>Hardin, J.A., D.A. Kraus, and H.J. Burrack. 2015. Diet quality mitigates larval competition in Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 156: 59-65. Burrack, H.J., M Asplen, L. Bahder, F. Drummond, C. Gu&eacute;dot, R. Isaacs, D. Johnson, A. Kirk, J. Lee, G. Loeb, C. Rodriguez-Saona, S. Van Timmeren, D.R. McPhie1. 2015. Multistate comparison of attractants for monitoring Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blueberries and caneberries. Environmental Entomology. DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv022</p><br /> <p>Diepenbrock, L.M., K.A. Swoboda-Bhattarai and H.J. Burrack. <em>In review.</em> Invited manuscript: Utilization of a suboptimal non-crop host may facilitate damage to crop by the invasive vinegar fly <em>Drosophila suzukii</em>. Journal of Pest Science.</p><br /> <p>Pelton E., C. Gratton, R. Isaacs, S. Van Timmeren, Anna Blanton, and C. Gu&eacute;dot. Invited manuscript: Earlier activity of <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> in high woodland landscapes but relative abundance is unaffected. Journal of Pest Science.</p><br /> <p>Diepenbrock, L.M., D.O. Rosensteel, J.A. Hardin, A.A. Sial, and H.J. Burrack. <em>Accepted.</em> Evaluation of season-long management strategies for <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> in southeastern blueberry crops. <em>Crop Protection</em>.</p><br /> <p>Stephens, A.R., M.K. Asplen, W.D. Hutchison and R.C. Venette. 2015.&nbsp;Cold hardiness of winter acclimated <em>Drosophila suzukii </em>(Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults. &nbsp;<em>Environmental Entomology&nbsp;</em>DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv134</p><br /> <p>Asplen, M.K., G. Anfora, A. Biondi, D.-S. Choi, D. Chu, K.M. Daane, P. Gibert, A.P. Gutierrez, K.M. Hoelmer, W.D. Hutchison, R. Isaacs, Z.-L. Jiang, Z. K&aacute;rp&aacute;ti, M.T. Kimura, M. Pascual, C.R. Philips, C. Plantamp, L. Ponti, G. V&eacute;tek, H. Vogt, V.M. Walton, Y. Yu, L. Zappal&agrave; and N. Desneux. 2015. Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (<em>Drosophila suzukii</em>): a global perspective and future priorities. &nbsp;<em>Journal of Pest Science </em>88: 469-494.&nbsp; DOI:10.1007/s10340-015-0681-z</p><br /> <p>Miller, Betsey, Gianfranco Anfora, Matt Buffington, Kent M. Daane, Daniel T. Dalton, Kim M. Hoelmer, Marco Valerio Rossi Stacconi, Alberto Grassi, Claudio Ioriatti, Augusto Loni, Jeffrey C. Miller, M&rsquo;bark Ouantar, Xingeng Wang, Nik G. Wiman, and Vaughn M. Walton. 2015. Seasonal occurrence of resident parasitoids associated with <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> in two small fruit production regions of Italy and the USA. Bulletin of Insectology 68(2): 255-263.</p><br /> <p>Tochen, Samantha, J. Megan Woltz, Daniel T. Dalton, Jana Lee, Nik G. Wiman, and Vaughn M. Walton. 2015. Humidity affects populations of <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blueberry. Journal of Applied Entomology, in press. DOI:10.1111/jen.12247 (accepted 21 May 2015).</p><br /> <p>Klick, Jimmy, Wei Q. Yang, Vaughn M. Walton, Daniel T. Dalton, James R. Hagler, Amy J. Dreves, Jana Lee, and Denny J. Bruck. 2015. Distribution and activity of <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> in cultivated raspberry and surrounding vegetation. Journal of Applied Entomology, in press. DOI:10.1111/jen.12234 &nbsp;(accepted 5 April 2015).</p><br /> <p>Rossi Stacconi, Marco Valerio, Matt Buffington, Kent M. Daane, Daniel T. Dalton, Alberto Grassi, G&uuml;lay Ka&ccedil;ar, Betsey Miller, Jeffrey C. Miller, Nuray Baser, Claudio Ioriatti, Vaughn M. Walton, Nik G. Wiman, Xingeng Wang, and Gianfranco Anfora. 2015. Host stage preference, efficacy and fecundity of parasitoids attacking <em>Drosophila suzukii </em>in newly invaded areas. Biological Control 84: 28-35.</p><br /> <p>Ioriatti, Claudio, Vaughn M. Walton, Daniel T. Dalton, Gianfranco Anfora, Alberto Grassi, Simone Maistri, and Valerio Mazzoni. 2015. <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> and its potential imact to wine grapes during harvest in two cool climate wine grape production regions. Journal of Economic Entomology 108(3): 1148-1155.</p><br /> <p>Agnello, A., Landers, A., and Loeb, G. 2015. A fixed-spray system for spotted wing drosophila management in high tunnel bramble crops. <em>Journal of Berry Research</em> 5: 81-88.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Cowles, R.S, Rodriguez-Saona, C., Holdcraft, R., Loeb, G.M.<strong>,</strong> Elsensohn, J.E., and Hesler, S.P. 2015. Sucrose improves insecticide activity against <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Journal of Economic Entomology 108: 640-653.</p><br /> <p>Cha, D.H<strong>.</strong>, Hesler, S.P., Park, S.Y., Adams, T., Zack, R., Rogg, H., Loeb, G.M., Landolt, P.J. &nbsp;2015. Simpler is better: fewer nontarget insects trapped with a 4-component synthetic lure verses a chemically comples food-type bait for <em>Drosophila suzukii</em>. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 154: 251-260.</p><br /> <p>Wallingford, A.K., Hesler, S.P., Cha, D.H., and Loeb, G.M. 2015. Behavioral response of spotted wing drosophila, <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> Matsumura, to aversive odors and a potential oviposition deterrent in the field.&nbsp; Pest Management Science, In Press.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Extension publications and presentations</strong></p><br /> <p>See individual state reports for more detail. Others are listed below.</p><br /> <p>Spears LR and RA Ramirez. 2014. Invasive insect field guide for Utah. Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory (UPPDL) and USU Extension Publication.</p><br /> <p>Spears LR. 2014. Update on spotted wing drosophila and brown marmorated stink bug. Utah Pests News, Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory (UPPDL) and USU Extension Publication. Vol 8: Fall edition.</p><br /> <p>Spears LR, DG Alston, and RA Ramirez. 2015. Current status of spotted wing drosophila in Utah. Entomological Society of America (National Meeting), Minneapolis, MN &ndash; Poster</p><br /> <p>Spears LR. 2015. Early detection of invasive pests. Western Horticultural Inspectors Society, Salt Lake City, UT.</p><br /> <p>Spears LR. 2015. Workshop series: invasive pests in backyard fruit trees and berries. Various locations (6) along the Wasatch Front, UT.</p><br /> <p>Spears LR. 2015. Updates on brown marmorated stink bug and spotted wing drosophila in Utah. Utah State University Annual Extension Conference, Thanksgiving Point, UT. Spears LR. 2015. Updates on brown marmorated stink bug and spotted wing drosophila in Utah. Utah State Horticultural Association, Spanish Fork, UT.</p><br /> <p>Lee, J, Dreves, A., Isaacs, R., Loeb, G., Thistlewood, H., and Brewer, L.&nbsp; Noncrop host plants of spotted wing drosophila in north America.&nbsp; Fact sheet produced through Oregon State University Extension&nbsp; Sevice, EM 9113, April 2015.&nbsp; <a href="http://www.ipm.msu.edu/uploads/files/SWD/em9113.pdf">http://www.ipm.msu.edu/uploads/files/SWD/em9113.pdf</a></p><br /> <p>Agnello, A, Landers, A, and Loeb, Gl. 2014.&nbsp; A Fixed-Spray System for Spotted Wing Drosophila Management in High Tunnel Raspberries. NY Fruit Quarterly 22: 19-24.</p>

Impact Statements

1. Obtained multi-state federal funding (OREI and SCRI) to continue the research and extension on SWD.

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Report Information

Participants

Ahmad Sial Ashfaq (ashsial@uga.edu) - Univ. of Georgia;
Elsensohn, Johanna (jeelsens@ncsu.edu)- NCSU;
Pfeiffer, Doug (dgpfeiff@vt.edu) -Virginia Tech;
Wahls, James (jcew90@vt.edu) -Virginia Tech;
Johnson, Donn (dtjonso@uark.edu) - Univ. of Arkansas;
Leach, Heather (leachhea@msu.edu) - MSU;
Kirkpatrick, Danielle (kirpa42@msu.edu) - MSU;
Herrera, Lizabeth (lrherrer@uark.edu) - Univ. of Arkansas;
Burrack, Hannah (hjburrac@ncsu.edu) -NCSU;
Hamby, Kelly (kahamby@umd.edu) -Univ. of Maryland;
Rendon, Dalila (dalila.rendon@oregonstate.edu) -Oregon State Unvi.;
Whitehouse, Seth (seth.whitehouse@uga.edu) -Univ. of Georgia;
Chiu, Joanna (jcchiu@ucdavis.edu) -UC Davis;
Zalom, Frank (fgzalom@ucdavis.edu) - UC Davis;
Bolton, Herb (hbolton@nifa.usda.gov) - USDA, NIFA;
Little, Brian (balittle@uga.edu) -Univ. of Georgia;
Fountain, Michelle (michelle.fountain@emr.ac.uk) -NIAB EMR;
Gautam, Bal (bkgautam@uga.edu) -Univ. of Georgia;
Evans, Richard (revans90@uga.edu) - Univ. of Georgia;
Grant, Joshua (Joshua.grant25@uga.edu) -Univ. of Georgia;
Nor, Nicols (nicols.nor@unipol) -Univ. Padova, Italy;
Pascual, Marta (martapascual@ub.edu) -Univ. Barcelona, Spain;
Arnó, Judit (judit.arno@irta.cat) -IRTA, Spain;
Riudaubts, Jordi (jordi.riudaubts@irta.cat) - IRTA, Spain;
Bal, Harit (bal@msu.edu) -MSU;
Isaacs, Rufus (isaacsr@msu.edu) -MSU;
Gut, Lary (gut@msu.edu) -MSU;
Nielsen, Anne (nielsen@njaes.rutgers.edu) - Rutgers;
Leskey, Tracy (tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov) -USDA;
Rice, Kevin (ricekev.nb@gmail.com) -USDA;
Ioriatti, Claudio (Claudio.ioriatti@fmach.it) -FEM;
Manduemi, Manuel (mnuel.nanduemi@bioplanet.it) -Bioplanet, Italy;
Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar (crodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu) - Rutgers;
Salamunca, Jordano (jordanosalamunca@gmail.com) -UFLA/Rutgers;
Hernandez, Johnattan (johnattan.hernandazcumplides@rutgers) -Rutgers;
Spies, Janine (jrazze@ufl.edu) -UF;
Rhodes, Elena (erhodes@ufl.edu) -UF;
Guedot, Christelle (guedot@wise.edu) - UW;
Polk, Dean (polk@aesop.rutgers.edu) -Rutgers;
Loeb, Greg (gme1@cornell.edu) -Cornell;
Bolton, Grant (lgbcm4@mail.missouri.edu) -Univ. of Missouri;
Renkema, Justin (Justin.renkema@ufl.edu) - UF;
Iglesias, Lindsy (liglesias@ufl.edu) -UF;
Lee. Jana (jana.lee@ars.usda.gov) - USDA;
Anfora, Gianfranco (goufranas,anfono@luroch.it) –FEM, Italy;
Wallingford, Anna (akwj2@cornell.edu) -Cornell;
Alpmey, Luke (luke.alpey@pirbright.ac.uk) - The Pirbright Inst., UK;
Scott, Max (mjscott3@ncsu.edu) -NCSU;
Diepenbrock, Lauren (laurendiepenbrock@gmail.com) -NCSU;
Koch, Jonathan (kochj@hawaii.edu) -UH- Hilo

Brief Summary of Minutes

The Annual Meeting of WERA 1021 was held on September 29, 2016 (5-8pm) in Orange County Convention Center, 5441 International Drive, Orlando, FL 32819 (In conjunction with XXV International Congress of Entomology). The Annual Meeting was organized by Ash Sial, University of Georgia (Chair, WERA 1021). Here is a copy of the meeting agenda: 

5:00pm                               Meeting begins in Room # W231A at 5pm

5:00-5:30pm                      State Reports will be presented on posters displayed in front of the meeting room (Refreshments)

5:30-5:45pm                      Update on SWD SCRI Grant (Hannah Burrack, NC State)

5:45-6:00pm                      Update on SWD OREI Grant (Ash Sial, UGA)

6:00-6:30pm                      Update on SWD Genetic Control (Max Scott, NC State)

6:30-7:00pm                      Genetic Control of Pest Insects (Luke Alphey, The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom)

7:00-8:00pm                      Discussion on WERA1021 objectives and future planning 

The meeting began with a mixer where state reports were presented as posters and/or written documents. The state reports were presented by AR, FL, GA, MD, MI, NC, NY, VA, and WI. In addition to the state reports, a survey on use of advanced technology (i.e. genetic pest management) was conducted at the meeting by inviting feedback of attendees on potential benefits and risks associated with using genetic techniques to control SWD.

After the state reports, updates were presented on research and Extension activities conducted over the last year under two multi-regional projects funded by USDA NIFA through Specialty Crop Research Initiative (SCRI) and USDA NIFA Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI).

Based on the interest of WERA 1021 members, two featured presentations focusing on use of genetic techniques to control SWD were organized at the meeting. Max Scott was the first featured speaker to update WERA1021 members on research his lab has conducted to develop genetic control techniques for SWD as part of SCRI grant. The featured presentation was delivered by Luke Alphey (The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom). Dr. Alphey shared his extensive experiences of developing genetic control strategies for other insect pests of crops and vectors of human diseases and offered thoughts on potential directions for SWD genetic control based on biology and ecology of this species highlighting both challenges as well as opportunities.

At the end, we had open discussion on research currently being done on biology and ecology of SWD. Several attendees offered their feedback and suggestions for the potential future projects for labs involved in SCRI and OREI grants.

At the end, Ash Sial (University of Georgia) handed the gavel of Chair of WERA 1021 to Kelly Hamby (University of Maryland) and based on nominations from the floor Justin Renkema (University of Florida). The meeting was adjourned at 8pm.  

Accomplishments

<p>Extensive research and extension work has been conducted during 2016 to better understand biology and ecology of SWD and improve management programs. The majority of SWD related research was conducted in labs involved in multi-regional grants funded through USDA SCRI (Award No. 2015-51181-24252 (09/2015 &ndash; 08/2019) and OREI (Award No. 2015-51300-24154 (09/2015 &ndash; 08/2018). The USDA NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant includes PIs from 11 institutions in 10 states and Hannah Burrack (North Carolina State University) serves as Project Director. The specific activities for this project during 2016 include:&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Assessing stakeholder impacts and current management practices: We surveyed a total of 333 growers of SWD host crops during spring 2016 and will collect additional survey data starting in fall 2016. Survey results are being analyzed. We monitored adult SWD in traps and larval infestations in fruit at 6 blueberry and 5 blackberry farms. Adult trap captures were summarized weekly at https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/tags/scouting-reports/We will obtain spray records from cooperating growers to relate monitoring data to pest management practices (LD).</p><br /> <p>Developing tools that predict damage risk: We participated in a comparison of novel trap attractants along with sites in ME, MI, NJ, NY, IN, and OR (LDR).<br />&nbsp;<br />Identifying and quantifying naturally occurring parasitoids attacking SWD: We used traps baited with immature SWD to monitor parasitoid activity at three locations during the summer of 2015. This work will be replicated in following years (YZ).<br />&nbsp;<br />Determine ability of post harvest sorting equipment and handling to reduce SWD infestation: We have conducted preliminary experiments to determine the ability of blueberry optical and soft sorting equipment to remove fruit infested with larvae of different ages (MA). We have measured development rates and survival of immature SWD within artificial diet, blueberries, and raspberries exposed to potential post harvest storage temperatures over a range of time periods (Aly et al. submitted).<br />&nbsp;<br />Assess the risk of potential genetic control tactics: We are preparing to conduct a risk assessment of potential SWD genetic pest management (GPM) strategies (JE, Poster SD1733).&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>The USDA NIFA Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative grant includes PIs from 10 Land-grant Universities and USDA from 11 states and Ashfaq Sial (University of Georgia) serves as Project Director. Here is a summary of major research accomplishments under this project:&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Studies conducted in WI, MI, FL, OR, and GA to&nbsp;evaluate&nbsp;currently available lures alone and in combination showed that&nbsp;the Yeast-Sugar-Solution +Scentry lure catches more SWD flies than other baits.&nbsp;However, the same bait also caught the highest number of non-target insects which indicates lack of specificity to SWD. Other studies indicate that&nbsp;starved SWD given water only were much more likely to get trapped almost immediately at 10 min and over 4 hours than sugar-fed or diet + sugar-fed SWD.&nbsp; This suggests that SWD in search of food are more attracted to such monitoring traps.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Studies conducted to determine dispersal of SWD among crops and non-crop hosts indicate that SWD flight activity is crepuscular and the majority of fly activity during peak hours of dawn and dusk was concentrated in areas around the border and within the blueberry orchard. Based on these findings, we believe that growers can significantly improve effectiveness of organic insecticides against SWD by making spray applications at dawn and dusk.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Berries from a number of wild species commonly occurring in wooded areas around blueberry orchards in GA were evaluated to determine their susceptibility to SWD. Of the 18 species tested, blackberry spp., deerberry, hillside blueberry, common pokeweed, beautyberry, elderberry, evergreen blueberry, and large gallberry proved to be viable hosts of SWD. Based on these and other studies, we have developed a list of potential hosts of SWD worldwide which has been made available to all stakeholders through eOrganic website <a href="http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic">http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic</a>.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Studies were conducted in MI and WV to evaluate effectiveness of organic insecticides in attract-and-kill devices. Multiple organic insecticides were identified that effectively kill SWD in attracticidal spheres, however, acceptable mortality levels were not observed with organic insecticides in attract-and-kill pouches.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Studies were conducted in GA, MD, MN, NC and OR to evaluate impact of various pruning regimes on susceptibility of berries to SWD. Three pruning regimes including light (25% less than grower standard), medium (grower standard), and heavy (25% more than grower standard) pruning were evaluated. Results in blueberries show that temperature in the middle of the canopy and light penetration were significantly higher whereas percent pupation and adult eclosion were significantly lower in bushes with heavy pruning than those with light pruning.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Studies conducted to determine pupation sites and effect of different mulching practices (MD: fabric and woodchip, GA: pine bark, weed mat and bare ground) on SWD survivorship show that 82-93% of SWD would pupate in the soil.&nbsp; Pupation occurred mainly on the soil regardless of the percent of infested fruit in a cluster that stayed hanging versus dropped to the ground.&nbsp; This indicates that the larvae mainly drop out of the fruit to pupate. Results of the mulching trials show that mulch temperature exceeded the upper developmental threshold for SWD at the mulch surface more often than below the mulch across both mulch types evaluated in MD. A 100% mortality was observed when fully mature SWD larvae were deployed in the field on different mulches in GA. However, a very low percentage of larvae successfully pupated in MD studies. None of the larvae survived to successful adult emergence when infested berries were placed above and below the mulch treatments. These results indicate that canopy and orchard floor management practices can have significant impact on SWD survivorship in the field.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Studies conducted in AR and MN to evaluate impact of 80g insect netting on SWD infestations in primocane-fruiting blackberries in high tunnels and mini tunnels showed that fruit infestations with SWD were significantly lower inside the screened tunnels as compared to those outside. However, temperature inside the tunnels was ~5&deg;F higher than the outside. Further studies will be conducted during Year 2 and 3 to determine impact of this increased temperature on fruit yield and quality.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Studies were conducted in FL, GA, MI, MN and OR to determine effectiveness of several organically approved insecticides including Entrust, Pyganic, Venerate, Azera, Oxidate, Jet-Ag, AzaGuard, and Grandevo alone and in combination with adjuvants (NuFlim P and OroBoost) and phagostimulants (sugar and yeast). Entrust was the most effective organic insecticide in all states. Efficacy of other products was variable. In FL, significantly lower berry infestations were observed in Oxidate and Pyganic treatments as compared to other materials whereas Venerate, Grandevo, Oxidate, and Azera provided significantly higher SWD adult mortality than the untreated control in GA trial. Residual efficacy of all insecticides dropped significantly at 3 days after treatment (DAT). The NuFilm P resulted in significantly higher SWD adult mortality when mixed with Entrust whereas a combination of sugar and yeast resulted in higher mortality with Garndevo in semi-field bioassays conducted at 0 DAT. However, this increase in mortality was not observed at 3 or 7 DAT.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Another project funded by USDA Southern Region IPM Center concluded its activities in 2016. This project was lead by Hannah Burrack (North Carolina State University) and Ashfaq Sial (University of Georgia). Activities accomplished under this project included: Comparing fly trap captures, fruit infestation, and pesticide programs.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>The other projects related to SWD biology, ecology, and management investigated infestation timing, fly diurnal and seasonal activity, density dependent egg laying behavior, non-crop host preference and performance, and impact of ultra-low magnetic field on growth and development of SWD.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Findings of all of these projects have been disseminated to growers and other stakeholders through numerous research and extension presentations, publications, blogs, and websites.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Here is the list of research and extension outputs related to SWD biology, ecology, and management:&nbsp;</p><br /> <ol><br /> <ol><br /> <li>Diepenbrock, L.M., D.O. Rosensetell, A. Sial, J.A. Hardin, and H.J. Burrack. 2015. Season-long programs for control of Drosophila suzukii in southeastern U.S. blueberries. Crop Protection. 81: 76-84.</li><br /> <li>Aly, M.F.K., D.A. Kraus, and H.J. Burrack. <em>Submitted. </em>Effects of post-harvest cold storage on the development and survival of immature <em>Drosophila suzukii </em>(Matsumura) in artificial diet and fruit. Journal of Economic Entomology.</li><br /> <li>Diepenbrock, L.M. and H.J. Burrack. 2016<em>. </em>Variation of within-microhabitat use by <em>Drosophila</em><em> suzukii </em>(Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blackberry. Journal of Applied Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/jen.12335</li><br /> <li>Diepenbrock, L.M., K.A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, and H.J. Burrack. 2016. Oviposition preference, fidelity, and fitness of <em>Drosophila suzukii </em>in a co-occurring crop and non-crop host system. Journal of Pest Science. 10.1007/s10340-016-0764-5</li><br /> <li>Woltz, J.M, J.C. Lee. Pupation behavior and larval and pupal biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii in the field. Biological Control, submitted June 2016.</li><br /> <li><a href="http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources">Lee JC, Sial A (2016) Reference list of fruits with Drosophila suzukii. &lt;http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources&gt;.</a> Updated April 6, 2016.</li><br /> <li>Lee JC, Sial A (2016) Fruits that have supported spotted wing drosophila.</li><br /> <li><a href="http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources">&lt;http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources&gt;.</a> Updated April 6, 2016.</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B., B.D. Short, and T.C. Leskey. 2016. Development of an attract-and-kill strategy for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): evaluation of attracticidal spheres under laboratory and field conditions. (submit to Pest management Science September 2016)&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B. B.D. Short, S.K. Jones, and T.C. Leskey. 2015. Foraging Ecology of Spotted Wing Drosophila. Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Minneapolis, MN</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B., S.K. Jones, and T.C. Leskey. 2015. Foraging behavior of spotted wing drosophila. Cumberland Shenandoah Fruit Worker Conference, Winchester, VA</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B, B.D. Short, S.K. Jones and T.C. Leskey. 2016. Invasive spotted wing drosophila &ldquo;picks&rdquo; the low hanging fruit: infestation rates, mark-release recapture, and field cage studies in raspberry. Entomological Society of America Eastern Branch Meeting, Philadelphia, PA.</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B. and T.C. Leskey. 2016. Spotted wing drosophila: Foraging Ecology and attract-and-kill. New Hampshire tree fruit twilight meeting. Lebanon, NH</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B. and T.C. Leskey. 2015. Invasive spotted wing drosophila. Appalachian Fruit Research Station Apple Harvest Tour. Oral Presentation, October 15, 2015 Kearneysville, WV.</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B. and T.C. Leskey. 2016. Spotted wing drosophila management. Hagerstown Community College Biological education Program, Oral Presentation, June 21, 2016, Kearneysville, WV.</li><br /> <li>Raspberry Pruning, 4 May 2016. eOrganic Organic Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila website,<a href="http://eorganic.info/node/12848"> http://eorganic.info/node/12848</a> .</li><br /> <li>Mulching Study in Minnesota, 29 July 2016. eOrganic Organic Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila website,<a href="http://eorganic.info/node/12848"> http://eorganic.info/node/12848</a> .</li><br /> <li>Spray Trial in Minnesota, 24 August 2016. eOrganic Organic Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila website,<a href="http://eorganic.info/node/12848"> http://eorganic.info/node/12848.</a></li><br /> <li>Organic Management of SWD, Andrew Petran*, 9 August 2016. Presentation and field trip given to traveling Bosnian researchers funded on the Cochran Fellowship Program.</li><br /> <li>The Spotted Wing Drosophila: Natural History, Control, and Mitigation in Small Fruits&rdquo;. Heidi Anderson* and Aimee Talbot*, 3 Aug 2016. Presentation on organic control of SWD given to Master Gardeners within the Twin Cities region.</li><br /> <li>Rogers, M. Extension Educator Training, UMN, St. Paul, MN. 19 April 2016. SWD biology &amp; management.</li><br /> <li>Organic Farm Field Day, UMN, St. Paul MN, 27 July 2016. Oral presentation given near exclusion trial plots.</li><br /> <li>Hamby, K. A., Bellamy, D. E., Chiu, J. C., Lee, J. C., Walton, V. M., Wiman, N. G. and Biondi, A. 2016. Biotic and abiotic factors impacting development, behavior, phenology, and reproductive biology of Drosophila suzukii. J Pest Sci, 1-15.</li><br /> <li>Tochen S., Vaughn M. Walton and Jana C. Lee 2016. Impact of floral feeding on adult Drosophila suzukii survival and nutrient status. J Pest Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10340-016-0762-7.</li><br /> <li>Wiman N. G., Gianfranco Anfora, Antonio Biondi, Joanna C. Chiu, Kent M. Daane, Daniel T. Dalton, Beverly Gerdeman, Angela Gottardello, Kelly A. Hamby, Rufus Isaacs, Alberto Grassi, Claudio Ioriatti, Jana C. Lee, Betsey Miller, M. Valerio Rossi Stacconi, Peter W. Shearer, Lynell Tanigoshi, Xingeng Wang and V. M. Walton 2016. Drosophila suzukii population response to the environment and management strategies. J Pest Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10340-016-0757-4.</li><br /> <li>Shearer P. W., West J., Walton V.M., Brown P., Svetec N., and Chiu, J. 2016. Environmental cues enhance winter survival of Drosophila suzukii. BMC Ecology, 16:11. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0070-3.</li><br /> <li>Wang XG, Stewart TG, Biondi A, Chavez BM, Ingels C, Caprile JA, Grant J, Walton VM, and Daane KM 2016. Population dynamics and ecology of Drosophila suzukii in Central California. J Pest Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10340-016-0747-6.</li><br /> <li>Daane KM, Xin-Geng Wang, Antonio Biondi, Betsey Miller, Jeffrey C. Miller, Helmut Riedl, Peter W. Shearer, Emilio Guerrieri, Massimo Giorgini, Matthew Buffington, Kees van Achterberg, Yoohan Song, Taegun Kang, Hoonbok Yi, Chuleui Jung, Dong Woon Lee,Bu-Keun Chung, Kim A. Hoelmer, and Vaughn M. Walton 2016. First exploration of parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii in South Korea as potential classical biological agents. J. Pest Sci. DOI 10.1007/s10340-016-0740-0</li><br /> <li>Miller B, Anfora G, Buffington M, Daane KM, Dalton DT, Hoelmer KM, Stacconi MV, Grassi A, Ioriatti C, Loni A, Miller JC, M&rsquo;bark Quantar, X. Wang, Nik G. Wiman, and Vaughn M. Walton 2015. Seasonal occurrence of resident parasitoids associated with Drosophila suzukii in two small fruit production regions of Italy and the USA. Bull Insectology 68(2): 255- 63.</li><br /> <li>Lee, Jana C., Daniel T. Dalton, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Denny J. Bruck, Hannah J. Burrack, Bernadine C. Strik,J. Megan Woltz, and Vaughn M. Walton 2015 Characterization and manipulation of fruit susceptibility to Drosophila suzukii. J. Pest Sci. 10.1007/s10340-015-0692-9.</li><br /> <li>Asplen M.K., Gianfranco Anfora, Antonio Biondi, Deuk-Soo Choi, Dong Chu, Kent M Daane, Patricia Gibert, Andrew P Gutierrez, Kim A Hoelmer, William D Hutchison, Rufus Isaacs, Zhi-Lin Jiang, Zsolt K&aacute;rp&aacute;ti, Masahito T Kimura, Marta Pascual, Christopher R Philips, Christophe Plantamp, Luigi Ponti, G&aacute;bor V&eacute;tek, Heidrun Vogt, Vaughn M Walton, Yi Yu, Lucia Zappal&agrave;, and Nicolas Desneux 2015. Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii): a global perspective and future priorities. J. Pest Sci. 88: 469-494.</li><br /> <li>Tochen S, Woltz JM, Dalton DT, Lee JC, Wiman NG, and Walton VM 2015. Humidity affects populations of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blueberry. J. Appl. Entomol.. doi: 10.1111/jen.12247.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Klick J, Yang W, Walton V, Dalton D, Hagler J, Dreves A, Lee J, and Bruck D. 2015. Distribution and movement of Drosophila suzukii into fruiting raspberry. J. of Appl. Entomol. 10: 2014-0311.</li><br /> <li>Addison P., Walton V.M. and Mitchell K., 2015. New Fruit Pest? WineLand Technical, 2015<a href="http://www.wineland.co.za/technical/new-fruit-pest"> http://www.wineland.co.za/technical/new-fruit-pest.</a></li><br /> <li>Pscheidt J. W., Peachey E. and V. Walton 2015. Apple 2015 Pest Management Guide for the Willamette Valley. Oregon State University Extension Service, EM 8418.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Skinkis P., Pscheidt J., Walton V.M., Dreves A.J. , Peachey E., Allen N., and J. Sanchez. 2007-2016. Pest Management Guide for Wine Grapes in Oregon. OSU Extension Service EM8413E.</li><br /> <li>Walton V. M. Blueberry Field day, NWREC, Aurora, July 6, 2016 (100 attendees)</li><br /> <li>Waton, V. M., Wasco County Pre-Harvest day for cherry, The Dalles, May 31, 2016 (80 attendees)</li><br /> <li>Walton V. M., OWRI field scouting workshop, Milton-Freewater, Oregon, May 4, 2016 (50 attendees).</li><br /> <li>Walton V. M., Spotted Wing Drosophila management, Wasco County cherry breakfast growers meeting, The Dalles, Oregon, April 29, 2016 (60 attendees).</li><br /> <li>Walton V. M., Improved Spray Technologies for SWD. Oregon Blueberry Conference, Portland Oregon, January 25, 2016 (200 attendees)</li><br /> <li>Walton V. M., Managing Red Blotch, Spotted Wing Drosophila and Brown Marmorated Stink bug, Blue Mountain Horticultural Society, February 10, 2016 (35 attendees)</li><br /> <li>Walton V. M., Managing invasive insects in tree crops and small fruit, Roseburg, Oregon, October 5, 2015 (35 attendees)</li><br /> <li>PMSP workshop for Oregon Wine Industry, Portland, Oregon February 24, 2016. (30 attendees)</li><br /> <li>Spottedwing.org &ndash; averages 80,000 page views/year for past year.</li><br /> <li>Iglesias, L.E, J. F. Price, C. R. Roubos, J. M. Renkema, and O. E. Liburd. 2016. Spotted wing drosophila in Florida berry culture. Publication # ENY861. IFAS-EDIS Extension, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.</li><br /> <li>Iglesias, L. E., T. W. Nyoike, and O. E. Liburd. 2015. Spotted wing drosophila: Drosophila suzukii. Publication # ENY885. IFAS-EDIS Extension, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Liburd, O. E. 2015. Area-wide management needed for successful control of SWD. Summer ed. Blueberry News. 4: 3-4.</li><br /> <li>Liburd O. E. and L. E. Iglesias. 2016. Identification of biorational insecticides for managing spotted wing drosophila in organic blueberry production. XI International Vaccinium Symposium . April 10 -14; Orlando, Florida</li><br /> <li>Liburd, O. E., L. E. Iglesais, and T. W. Nyoike. 2015. Performance of various traps and baits for monitoring Drosophila suzukii in berry crops. November 17. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, Minnesota (symposium presentation).</li><br /> <li>Iglesias, L., and O. E. Liburd. 2015. How blueberry attributes influence oviposition behavior of the invasive spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). November 16. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, Minnesota.</li><br /> <li>Iglesias, L. E, J. M. Razze, D. Harmon, O. Dosunmu, K. Patel, and O. E. Liburd. 2015. Florida State Report on the Spotted Wing Drosophila. WERA National Meeting on Spotted Wing Drosophila, November 17th. Minneapolis, Minnesota</li><br /> <li>Liburd. O. E. and L. E. Iglesias. Update on spotted wing drosophila. Fall Blueberry Short Course, Florida Blueberry Growers Association, Oct. 2015: Plant City, Florida.</li><br /> <li>Taylor, C.M. Mulching and Pruning Studies in MD. June 22, 2016 (blog, eOrganic Organic Management of Spotted Wing<a href="http://eorganic.info/node/12848)"> Drosophila Project Updates, http://eorganic.info/node/12848)</a></li><br /> <li>Taylor, C.M., and Hamby K.A.*. Spotted wing drosophila in small fruits. WREC Late Summer Horticultural Crops Twilight Tour, August 24, 2016 (~30 people, field day, Queenstown, MD)</li><br /> <li>Taylor, C.M., and Hamby K.A.*. Evaluating the effects of mulching practices in blueberries on spotted wing drosophila survival. WMREC Horticultural Twilight Meeting and Tour, August 18, 2016 (81 people, field day, Keedysville, MD)</li><br /> <li>K.A. Hamby. Spotted wing research updates. 2016 Maryland State Horticultural Society Summer Orchard Tour, July 13, 2016 (108 people, field day, Woodbine, MD)</li><br /> <li>Grant, J. A. and A. A. Sial. 2016. Potential of Muscadine Grapes as a Viable Host of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Blueberry-Producing Regions of the Southeastern United States. J. Econ. Entomol. 109(3): 1261-1266.</li><br /> <li>Little, E., Sial A. A. et al. 2016. Southeast Regional Organic Blueberry Pest Management Guide. The Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium.<a href="http://www.smallfruits.org/SmallFruitsRegGuide/Guides/2016/2016BlueberrySprayGuide_organic.pdf"> http://www.smallfruits.org/SmallFruitsRegGuide/Guides/2016/2016BlueberrySprayGuide_organic.pdf</a></li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Grower Handouts for &ndash; 1) Identification of Spotted Wing Drosophila; 2) Spotted Wing Drosophila Lifecycle; 3) Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila in Blueberries; and 4) Monitoring Spotted Wing Drosophila Using Traps. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 36-39.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. UGA Suggested Insecticide Regime for Spotted Wing Drosophila Control in Blueberries. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 32-33.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. UGA Suggested Season-long Insecticide Rotational Programs for Spotted Wing Drosophila Control in Blueberries. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 30.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Identification, Monitoring and Management in Georgia Blueberries. Dixie- Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 22-27.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Free Integrated Pest Management App for Blueberries &ndash; MyIPM-SEP. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(2): 9.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Identification, Monitoring, and Management Handouts. UGA Blueberry<a href="http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/swd-handouts/"> blog, 27 April 2016. http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/swd-handouts/</a></li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Insecticide Regime for SWD Control on Blueberries. UGA Blueberry blog, 27 April 2016.<a href="http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/insecticide-regime-for-swd/"> http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/insecticide-regime-for-swd/</a></li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Spotted Wing Drosophila Identification, Monitoring, and Management in Georgia Blueberries. UGA<a href="http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/spotted-wing-drosophila/"> Blueberry blog, 27 April 2016. http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/spotted-wing-drosophila/</a></li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Blueberry Integrated Pest Management Field Day at Chambers Brothers Blueberry Farm, Clinch County,<a href="http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/blueberry-integrated-pest-management-"> GA . April 5, 2016. (100 attendees) http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/blueberry-integrated-pest-management-</a> field-day-tuesday-april-5th/</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Three radio segments on: 1) Blueberry production in Georgia; 2) Insect Pests as a Threat to Georgia Blueberries; and 3) Efforts and Leadership of UGA Blueberry Entomology Program to Combat Invasive Fly Pest at the National Level, were recorded to be aired at NPR - WUGA radio program &ldquo;Classic City Science&rdquo; May 25, 2016.</li><br /> <li><a href="http://www.goodfruit.com/swd-how-to-stop-a-proliferate-">Sial, A. A. 2016. &ldquo;SWD &ndash; How to stop a proliferate pest? (http://www.goodfruit.com/swd-how-to-stop-a-proliferate-</a> pest/)Good Fruit Grower, May 24, 2016.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. &ldquo;Tiny Insect, Big Impact&rdquo; UGA CAES Magazine, Southscapes, Spring 2016.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2015. UGA Researcher Works to Eliminate Blueberry Pest. A TV Segment produced by Georgia Farm Monitor and aired on a network of thirteen stations across Georgia as well as nationally on the RFD-TV Network, Dec 12, 2015.<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1T-3LNFWqQ"> Here is a YouTube link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1T-3LNFWqQ</a></li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2015. $2 million grant will help develop control for fruit ruining flies. Columns, UGA Newspaper, Nov 9, 2015.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2015. Researchers to develop protection for blueberry crops. The Red&amp;Black, Nov 2, 2015.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2015. UGA to use $2 million grant to develop control for blueberry destroying fly. GeorgiaTrend DAILY, Oct 15, 2015.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2015. UGA to use $2 million grant to develop control for blueberry destroying fly. UGA Today, Oct 15, 2015.</li><br /> <li>Grant, J. A. and A. A. Sial. Investigating wild flora for viable hosts of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the Southeastern US. 80th Annual Meeting of Georgia Entomological Society, Pine Mountain, GA. 6-8 April 2016.</li><br /> <li>Evans, R. K. and A. A. Sial. Effect of abiotic factors on chronobiology of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). 80th Annual Meeting of Georgia Entomological Society, Pine Mountain, GA. 6-8 April 2016.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. Spotted wing drosophila management in Georgia blueberries. 80th Annual Meeting of Georgia Entomological Society, Pine Mountain, GA. 6-8 April 2016.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. Packaging science &amp; technology to deliver sustainable IPM programs for an invasive pest, spotted wing drosophila. In symposium &ldquo;Integrated Pest Management&rdquo; at 90th Annual Meeting of Entomological Society of America Southeastern Branch, 13-16 March 2016, Raleigh, NC.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. Spotted wing drosophila (SWD): A threat to small and stone fruit production. 2016 Blueberry Entomology Update. 2016 UGA Cooperative Extension Winter Conference, 12-14 Jan 2016, Rock Eagle, GA.</li><br /> <li>Lovett, W. E., A. A. Sial, J. L. Jacobs, B. K. Gautam, and B. A. Little. Impact of simulated rainfall on the effectiveness of insecticides against spotted wing drosophila in blueberries. 2016 UGA Cooperative Extension Winter Conference, 12-14 Jan 2016, Rock Eagle, GA.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. Blueberry Entomology Update. 2016 Southeastern Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Savannah International Trade &amp; Convention Center, 7-10 Jan 2016, Savannah, GA.</li><br /> <li>Grant, J. A. and Sial, A. A. Investigating native flora as a potential source of spotted wing drosophila infestations in Georgia blueberries. 2016 Southeastern Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Savannah International Trade &amp; Convention Center, 7-10 Jan 2016, Savannah, GA.</li><br /> <li>Evans, R. K. and Sial, A. A. Effect of abiotic factors on biology, behavior, and reproduction in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). 2016 Southeastern Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Savannah International Trade &amp; Convention Center, 7-10 Jan 2016, Savannah, GA.</li><br /> <li>Little, B. A. and Sial, A. A. Effect of spray solution pH on efficacy and residual activity of insecticides against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). 2016 Southeastern Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Savannah International Trade &amp; Convention Center, 7-10 Jan 2016, Savannah, GA.</li><br /> <li>Gautam, B. K. and Sial, A. A. Effect of temperature on acute toxicity of insecticides to spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. 2016 Southeastern Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Savannah International Trade &amp; Convention Center, 7-10 Jan 2016, Savannah, GA.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. Biology and management of spotted wing drosophila: 2015 Research Update. Georgia Blueberry Growers Meeting &ndash; Annual Blueberry Update, 6 Jan 2016, Alma, GA.</li><br /> <li>Grant, J. A. and Sial, A. A. Investigating native flora as a potential source of spotted wing drosophila infestations in Georgia blueberries. Georgia Blueberry Growers Meeting &ndash; Annual Blueberry Update, 6 Jan 2016, Alma, GA.</li><br /> <li>Evans, R. K. and Sial, A. A. Effect of abiotic factors on biology, behavior, and reproduction in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Georgia Blueberry Growers Meeting &ndash; Annual Blueberry Update, 6 Jan 2016, Alma, GA.</li><br /> <li>Little, B. A. and Sial, A. A. Effect of spray solution pH on efficacy and residual activity of insecticides against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Georgia Blueberry Growers Meeting &ndash; Annual Blueberry Update, 6 Jan 2016, Alma, GA.</li><br /> <li>Gautam, B. K. and Sial, A. A. Effect of temperature on acute toxicity of insecticides to spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Georgia Blueberry Growers Meeting &ndash; Annual Blueberry Update, 6 Jan 2016, Alma, GA.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2015 Georgia state update on biology and management of of spotted wing drosophila. The 63rd Annual Meeting of the ESA, 15-18 November 2015, Minneapolis, MN.</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. Issues surrounding management of spotted wing drosophila in southeastern United States. The 63rd Annual Meeting of the ESA, 15-18 November 2015, Minneapolis, MN.</li><br /> <li>Rosensteel, D. O. and Sial, A. A. Comparing the efficacy of season-long chemically based management strategies for Drosophila suzukii in southeastern blueberry crops. The 63rd Annual Meeting of the ESA, 15-18 November 2015, Minneapolis, MN.</li><br /> <li>Mishra, M, J. Chiu, G. Hua, M. J. Adang, and A. A. Sial. Next generation sequencing as a tool to proactively assess the risk of insecticide resistance in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). The 63rd Annual Meeting of the ESA, 15-18 November 2015, Minneapolis, MN.</li><br /> </ol><br /> </ol><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Publications

<ol><br /> <li>Diepenbrock, L.M., D.O. Rosensetell, A. Sial, J.A. Hardin, and H.J. Burrack. 2015. Season-long programs for control of Drosophila suzukii in southeastern U.S. blueberries. Crop Protection. 81: 76-84.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Aly, M.F.K., D.A. Kraus, and H.J. Burrack. <em>Submitted. </em>Effects of post-harvest cold storage on the development and survival of immature <em>Drosophila suzukii </em>(Matsumura) in artificial diet and fruit. Journal of Economic Entomology.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Diepenbrock, L.M. and H.J. Burrack. 2016<em>. </em>Variation of within-microhabitat use by <em>Drosophila</em><em> suzukii </em>(Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blackberry. Journal of Applied Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/jen.12335&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Diepenbrock, L.M., K.A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, and H.J. Burrack. 2016. Oviposition preference, fidelity, and fitness of <em>Drosophila suzukii </em>in a co-occurring crop and non-crop host system. Journal of Pest Science. 10.1007/s10340-016-0764-5&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Woltz, J.M, J.C. Lee. Pupation behavior and larval and pupal biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii in the field. Biological Control, submitted June 2016.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li><a href="http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources">Lee JC, Sial A (2016) Reference list of fruits with Drosophila suzukii. &lt;http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources&gt;.</a> Updated April 6, 2016.</li><br /> <li>Lee JC, Sial A (2016) Fruits that have supported spotted wing drosophila.&nbsp;<a href="http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources">&lt;http://eorganic.info/spottedwingorganic/resources&gt;.</a> Updated April 6, 2016.</li><br /> <li>Rice, K.B., B.D. Short, and T.C. Leskey. 2016. Development of an attract-and-kill strategy for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): evaluation of attracticidal spheres under laboratory and field conditions. (submit to Pest management Science September 2016)</li><br /> <li>Raspberry Pruning, 4 May 2016. eOrganic Organic Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila website,<a href="http://eorganic.info/node/12848"> http://eorganic.info/node/12848</a> .&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Mulching Study in Minnesota, 29 July 2016. eOrganic Organic Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila website,<a href="http://eorganic.info/node/12848"> http://eorganic.info/node/12848</a>.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Spray Trial in Minnesota, 24 August 2016. eOrganic Organic Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila website,<a href="http://eorganic.info/node/12848"> http://eorganic.info/node/12848.</a>&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Hamby, K. A., Bellamy, D. E., Chiu, J. C., Lee, J. C., Walton, V. M., Wiman, N. G. and Biondi, A. 2016. Biotic and abiotic factors impacting development, behavior, phenology, and reproductive biology of Drosophila suzukii. J Pest Sci, 1-15.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Tochen S., Vaughn M. Walton and Jana C. Lee 2016. Impact of floral feeding on adult Drosophila suzukii survival and nutrient status. J Pest Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10340-016-0762-7.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Wiman N. G., Gianfranco Anfora, Antonio Biondi, Joanna C. Chiu, Kent M. Daane, Daniel T. Dalton, Beverly Gerdeman, Angela Gottardello, Kelly A. Hamby, Rufus Isaacs, Alberto Grassi, Claudio Ioriatti, Jana C. Lee, Betsey Miller, M. Valerio Rossi Stacconi, Peter W. Shearer, Lynell Tanigoshi, Xingeng Wang and V. M. Walton 2016. Drosophila suzukii population response to the environment and management strategies. J Pest Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10340-016-0757-4.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Shearer P. W., West J., Walton V.M., Brown P., Svetec N., and Chiu, J. 2016. Environmental cues enhance winter survival of Drosophila suzukii. BMC Ecology, 16:11. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0070-3.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Wang XG, Stewart TG, Biondi A, Chavez BM, Ingels C, Caprile JA, Grant J, Walton VM, and Daane KM 2016. Population dynamics and ecology of Drosophila suzukii in Central California. J Pest Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10340-016-0747-6.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Daane KM, Xin-Geng Wang, Antonio Biondi, Betsey Miller, Jeffrey C. Miller, Helmut Riedl, Peter W. Shearer, Emilio Guerrieri, Massimo Giorgini, Matthew Buffington, Kees van Achterberg, Yoohan Song, Taegun Kang, Hoonbok Yi, Chuleui Jung, Dong Woon Lee,Bu-Keun Chung, Kim A. Hoelmer, and Vaughn M. Walton 2016. First exploration of parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii in South Korea as potential classical biological agents. J. Pest Sci. DOI 10.1007/s10340-016-0740-0&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Miller B, Anfora G, Buffington M, Daane KM, Dalton DT, Hoelmer KM, Stacconi MV, Grassi A, Ioriatti C, Loni A, Miller JC, M&rsquo;bark Quantar, X. Wang, Nik G. Wiman, and Vaughn M. Walton 2015. Seasonal occurrence of resident parasitoids associated with Drosophila suzukii in two small fruit production regions of Italy and the USA. Bull Insectology 68(2): 255- 63.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Lee, Jana C., Daniel T. Dalton, Katharine A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, Denny J. Bruck, Hannah J. Burrack, Bernadine C. Strik, J. Megan Woltz, and Vaughn M. Walton 2015 Characterization and manipulation of fruit susceptibility to Drosophila suzukii. J. Pest Sci. 10.1007/s10340-015-0692-9.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Asplen M.K., Gianfranco Anfora, Antonio Biondi, Deuk-Soo Choi, Dong Chu, Kent M Daane, Patricia Gibert, Andrew P Gutierrez, Kim A Hoelmer, William D Hutchison, Rufus Isaacs, Zhi-Lin Jiang, Zsolt K&aacute;rp&aacute;ti, Masahito T Kimura, Marta Pascual, Christopher R Philips, Christophe Plantamp, Luigi Ponti, G&aacute;bor V&eacute;tek, Heidrun Vogt, Vaughn M Walton, Yi Yu, Lucia Zappal&agrave;, and Nicolas Desneux 2015. Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii): a global perspective and future priorities. J. Pest Sci. 88: 469-494.</li><br /> <li>Tochen S, Woltz JM, Dalton DT, Lee JC, Wiman NG, and Walton VM 2015. Humidity affects populations of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blueberry. J. Appl. Entomol.. doi: 10.1111/jen.12247.<strong>&nbsp;</strong></li><br /> <li>Klick J, Yang W, Walton V, Dalton D, Hagler J, Dreves A, Lee J, and Bruck D. 2015. Distribution and movement of Drosophila suzukii into fruiting raspberry. J. of Appl. Entomol. 10: 2014-0311.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Addison P., Walton V.M. and Mitchell K., 2015. New Fruit Pest? WineLand Technical, 2015<a href="http://www.wineland.co.za/technical/new-fruit-pest"> http://www.wineland.co.za/technical/new-fruit-pest.</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Pscheidt J. W., Peachey E. and V. Walton 2015. Apple 2015 Pest Management Guide for the Willamette Valley. Oregon State University Extension Service, EM 8418.<strong>&nbsp;</strong></li><br /> <li>Skinkis P., Pscheidt J., Walton V.M., Dreves A.J. , Peachey E., Allen N., and J. Sanchez. 2007-2016. Pest Management Guide for Wine Grapes in Oregon. OSU Extension Service EM8413E.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Iglesias, L.E, J. F. Price, C. R. Roubos, J. M. Renkema, and O. E. Liburd. 2016. Spotted wing drosophila in Florida berry culture. Publication # ENY861. IFAS-EDIS Extension, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.</li><br /> <li>Iglesias, L. E., T. W. Nyoike, and O. E. Liburd. 2015. Spotted wing drosophila: Drosophila suzukii. Publication # ENY885. IFAS-EDIS Extension, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.<strong>&nbsp;</strong></li><br /> <li>Liburd, O. E. 2015. Area-wide management needed for successful control of SWD. Summer ed. Blueberry News. 4: 3-4.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Grant, J. A. and A. A. Sial. 2016. Potential of Muscadine Grapes as a Viable Host of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Blueberry-Producing Regions of the Southeastern United States. J. Econ. Entomol. 109(3): 1261-1266.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Little, E., Sial A. A. et al. 2016. Southeast Regional Organic Blueberry Pest Management Guide. The Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium.<a href="http://www.smallfruits.org/SmallFruitsRegGuide/Guides/2016/2016BlueberrySprayGuide_organic.pdf"> http://www.smallfruits.org/SmallFruitsRegGuide/Guides/2016/2016BlueberrySprayGuide_organic.pdf</a>&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Grower Handouts for &ndash; 1) Identification of Spotted Wing Drosophila; 2) Spotted Wing Drosophila Lifecycle; 3) Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila in Blueberries; and 4) Monitoring Spotted Wing Drosophila Using Traps. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 36-39.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. UGA Suggested Insecticide Regime for Spotted Wing Drosophila Control in Blueberries. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 32-33.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. UGA Suggested Season-long Insecticide Rotational Programs for Spotted Wing Drosophila Control in Blueberries. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 30.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Identification, Monitoring and Management in Georgia Blueberries. Dixie- Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(3): 22-27.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Free Integrated Pest Management App for Blueberries &ndash; MyIPM-SEP. Dixie-Blueberry News, Georgia Blueberry Growers Association Newsletter, 16(2): 9.&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Identification, Monitoring, and Management Handouts. UGA Blueberry<a href="http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/swd-handouts/"> blog, 27 April 2016. http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/swd-handouts/</a>&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Insecticide Regime for SWD Control on Blueberries. UGA Blueberry blog, 27 April 2016.<a href="http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/insecticide-regime-for-swd/"> http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/insecticide-regime-for-swd/</a>&nbsp;</li><br /> <li>Sial, A. A. 2016. Spotted Wing Drosophila Identification, Monitoring, and Management in Georgia Blueberries. UGA<a href="http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/spotted-wing-drosophila/"> Blueberry blog, 27 April 2016. http://blog.caes.uga.edu/blueberry/2016/04/spotted-wing-drosophila/</a></li><br /> </ol>

Impact Statements

1. Research and Extension activities performed by members of WERA 1021 on biology, ecology and management of SWD has significantly improved growers’ understanding of SWD which has led them to implement recommended management programs in a timely manner. Consequently, crop losses due to SWD infestations were significantly lower this year which saved growers millions of dollars.

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