WERA_OLD1017: Coordination of Integrated Pest Management Research and Extension/Educational Programs for the Western States and Pacific Basin Territories

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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Date of Annual Report: 01/21/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/26/2012 - 03/29/2012
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2011 - 09/30/2012

Participants

Dawn Gouge, University of Arizona;
Deb Young, Colorado State University;
Tess Grasswitz, New Mexico State University;
Peter Ellsworth, University of Arizona;
Lydia Brown, University of Arizona;
Doug Walsh, Washington State University;
Bob Schlub, University of Guam;
Linda Herbst, Western IPM Center/University of California;
Rick Melnicoe, Western IPM Center/University of California;
Frank Zalom, University of California;
Pete Goodell, University of California;
Carla Thomas, Western IPM Center/NPDN/University of California;
Arnold Hara, University of Hawaii;
Marion Murray, Utah State University;
Lisa Blecker, University of California;
Len Coop, Oregon State University;
Tim Stock, Oregon State University;
Paul Jepson, Oregon State University;
Al Fournier, University of Arizona;
Joyce Strand, University of California;
Mike Fitzner, NIFA USDA;
Liz Ley,NIFA USDA;
Marty Draper, NIFA USDA;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Present: Dawn Gouge, Deborah Young, Tess Grasswitz, Peter Ellsworth, Lydia Brown, Doug Walsh, Bob Schlub, Linda Herbst, Rick Melnicoe, Frank Zalom, Peter Goodell, Carla Thomas, Michael Fitzner, Arnold Hara, Marion Murray, Lisa Blecker, Len Coop, Tim Stock, Paul Jepson, Al Fournier, Joyce Strand

Joyce Strand called the meeting to order at 10:45.

Upcoming meetings and officers. The 2013 meeting will be held in Colorado; the time and location have not been determined. Deb will poll the group for optimal dates. Joyce and Doug Walsh served as nominations committee; Kassim Al-Khatib was nominated as vice chair following a phone discussion. The group unanimously approved Kassim as the new vice-chair; a 2014 meeting in California was discussed.

WIPM Center.

Rick Melnicoe distributed the current newsletter, noting three new signature programs. He announced that Carla Thomas will assume new responsibilities as associate director and a smooth transition is underway. The RFA for the new center director is open until May 14.

Carla discussed the formation of an evaluation group to advance assessment of adoption. An email will be sent to WERA members to solicit interest from social scientists.

Rick noted that the Regional IPM Grants review panels will meet in April for the next funding cycle. Twenty two applications were received.

Administrative Advisor update. Tom Holtzer was not available to provide the update.

Consolidation of funding lines.

The group discussed the implications to state and regional programs with proposed changes to the EIPM funding. These include decreased funding available to programs due to the estimated 30% IDC; increased competition for funds because all 4 year schools will be eligible; concerns that the description is somewhat ‘pesticide oriented’; and questions about how programs addressing urban and livestock may be included; and what the term ‘sustainable society’ means.

Considerable discussion followed regarding strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats regarding the proposed Crop Protection program. A consensus document was drafted. After input from WERA members, this document will be submitted to the Federal Register (http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-03/pdf/2012-7987.pdfNIFA). Note that several members also attended a listening session, held on 3/29, and presented key points.

Each state presented a 5-minute report, highlighting their activities and impacts in the last year.

The meeting concluded at 4:30 pm.

Submitted by:

Deborah Young

Accomplishments

<h1>Short-term Outcomes by State or Territory</h1> <h2>Northern Mariana Islands</h2> <ul> <li>More farmers learned various Integrated Pest Management Strategies to control invasive species, such as the control of Giant Sensitive Plant is an invasive weed that occurs in pastures, along roadsides, in disturbed areas, on many farms and in the forests. More farmers were interested to get involved under our Biological control programs. Due to this WSARE funded project activities, farmers have increased their knowledge that there are available cost effective, and environmentally friendly and sustainable practices available for their management options to slugs and pest control to vegetable production.</li> <li>The success of teaching farmers and growers and the community about slug and snail suppression technologies and changing their attitude towards them is an integral step in the success of the IPM program on slugs and snail control. The result of some on farm demonstration using various techniques on slug control has brought interest to more farmers and growers to adopt the best practices on their farms. Participating farmers have witnessed dramatic increases in their production after learning methods on how to detect their pest problems in their farms. Such efforts include the set up of monitoring traps to identify which insect pests are prevalent. These farmers call our offices to report any new insects that they are unable to identify on hand. The participating farmers are now familiar with the life cycle of insects and which areas cause the most damage. Such abilities increase their capacity to make best management decisions.</li> </ul> <h2>New Mexico</h2> <ul> <li>Timely and accurate pest identification is a necessity for all IPM programs, and the Plant Diagnostic Clinic at New Mexico State University provides diagnostic services for plant pathogens, environmental stresses, insects, weeds and other plants. The clinic’s staff also provides management recommendations that focus on appropriate integrated control strategies. Clients include Extension personnel, crop consultants, conventional and organic farmers, retailers, landscape professionals, golf courses, researchers, government agencies, and homeowners. In 2011, the plant diagnostic clinic processed 1,582 plant disease or disorder samples, 1,295 insect samples and 69 plant/weed samples. Not only do such identifications facilitate the rapid implementation of correct control measures for established pests, but five diseases new to New Mexico and one new invasive insect were identified last year, allowing us to issue timely alerts to growers on these new and potentially very serious risks.</li> <li>The outreach and training activities conducted as part of the ‘Pests of the West’ project had an immediate impact in that additional records of Bagrada bug were received in three NM counties within weeks of conducting training/outreach efforts; this timely response helped us to monitor the spread and impact of this insect and has resulted in informal collaboration with groups in CA and AZ already working on this species.</li> <li>The training also included information on two pests likely to become established in New Mexico in the near future: Spotted Wing Drosophila (already present in Utah) and Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (intercepted for the first time in NM in November of 2011); we foresee additional impacts from this program in the (likely) event that these two species become established in our state.</li> <li>The joint New Mexico State University/NRCS research/demonstration project to develop state recommendations for pollinator plantings has been well-received by a variety of stakeholder groups, including NRCS staff, farmers, home gardeners, beekeepers and conservation organizations. Prior to the commencement of this project, only broad regional planting guides were available that included some species unsuitable for NM. The availability of research-based information specific to New Mexico has increased grower confidence in trying to establish pollinator plantings and similar habitat for other beneficial insects. Over time, this can be expected to help offset pollinator declines due to Colony Collapse Disorder, habitat loss and other environmental stresses.</li> </ul> <h2>California</h2> Increasing IPM adoption through coordinated resource planning: <ul> <li>PCAs and farmers have increased their knowledge and awareness of the role of IPM in addressing multiple issues through increased IPM adoption.</li> <li>Interest in comprehensive IPM planning has increased</li> <li>In a critical IPM program to combat an exotic pest, European grapevine moth, we achieved substantial reduction of EGVM populations without causing secondary pest outbreaks. Eighty-nine percent of the acreage in the treatment zone was treated at the recommended time due to our extensive outreach efforts, which limited pesticide applications to two per year.</li> </ul> <h2>Arizona</h2> Agronomic Crops IPM: <ul> <li>Have increased the number of annual programs and output and greatly increased their reach over the past year. By partnering with Western Farm Press, National Cotton Council and others, have reached over 20,000 readers interested in Western agriculture.</li> <li>80% reduction in pounds AI / acre for broad spectrum insecticides in cotton since the early 1990s (reduced 25% for endosulfan, 83% for pyrethroids, 89% for carbamates, 85% for OPs)</li> <li>92% overall reduction in number of broad-spectrum insecticide sprays / acre for cotton since the early 1990s. 82% reduction in all insecticides.</li> </ul>   Vegetable IPM: <ul> <li>Increase in attendance at educational meetings and a 230% increase in listserve membership for Veg IPM updates (from 172 in Dec 2009 to over 400 in March 2012).</li> <li>88% reduction in pounds AI / acre for broad-spectrum insecticides in lettuce since the early 1990s. (Reduced 55% for pyrethroids, 90% for carbamates, 93% for OPs, and 96% for endosulfan.)</li> <li>69% overall reduction in number of broad-spectrum insecticide sprays / acre for lettuce since the early 1990s. 40% reduction in all insecticides.</li> </ul>   Community IPM: <ul> <li>Directly impacted 40 Phoenix Union School District employs; 100% at training indicated they would use IPM knowledge learned on the job. This has the potential to impact about 26,000 students and 3,000 employees in 16 schools.</li> </ul>   IPM Assessment: <ul> <li>Obtained an Arizona Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grant, partnering with Paul Jepson from OSU, in which we will conduct a long-term risk analysis of lettuce insecticide use using the Pesticide Risk Mitigation Engine (PRiME). Citation for grant follows:</li> </ul> Fournier, A., P.C. Ellsworth, P. Jepson & W. Dixon. Risk Management for Farmers and Advisors. Arizona Department of Agriculture, Specialty Crops Block Grant Program. $54,010. (Oct. 2011 – Sept. 2012). <h2>Washington</h2> Producers of many crops, as well as other stakeholders including policy makers, farm workers, and the general public, received extension outreach resulting in changes in knowledge and, in some cases, changes in action. <ul> <li>Cranberry growers of Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia have increased knowledge of irrigation methods and pest management strategies as the result of several public presentations and publications and are working together to achieve a more productive and profitable Pacific Northwest cranberry industry.</li> <li>Hop growers have gained knowledge and are demonstrating extensive use of two new comprehensive publications covering integrated management of weed, disease, and insect pests and conservation of beneficial fauna; the field guide and companion pocket guide are available free of charge in hard copy and electronic form. These popular guides underwent a second printing due to high demand. Mint growers have gained knowledge in judicious use of irrigation and the resulting impacts on the pest complex and crop quality.</li> <li>Alfalfa and alfalfa seed growers continue to gain knowledge and adopt methodologies for conserving the fragile alkali and leafcutter bee pollinators essential to their crop while controlling pestiferous insects.</li> <li>Livestock producers have an increased understanding of options for monitoring and controlling fly pests in their herd, providing opportunities to enhance cattle health and profitability.</li> <li>Tree fruit growers benefitted from a host of electronic and printed materials from the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, including the state-of-the-art Decision Aid System (http://das.wsu.edu) that enables them to download pertinent modeling information on laptops or hend-held data devices in real time.</li> <li>An increasing number of pest management professionals are utilizing the weather data from WSU's AgWeatherNet (http://weather.wsu.edu) in making their in-field decisions.</li> <li>Growers of agronomic and specialty crops extensively utilize the Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbook series, which was updated in 2009, 2010, and 2011. It guides the selection and timing of weed, disease, and arthropod management for hundreds of crops on thousands of acres.</li> <li>Representatives from school systems throughout the state attended the WA School IPM Coalition meeting in May of both 2010 and 2011 and shared ideas, methodologies, and results of their various school IPM programs. Several hundred pesticide applicators, structural pest professionals, and turf/landscape professionals were trained in the latest IPM technologies at twenty workshops across the state.</li> <li>When the invasive Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila, SWD) moved into our region the research we conducted to estimate and help model its survival and habit in the Northwest and emerging research was shared via a variety of dissemination methods. Growers throughout the state gained knowledge and began trapping, identifying, and implementing control efforts against this pest.</li> </ul>   <h2>Guam</h2> <ul> <li>The Plant Health and Pest Management Program is an outreach education program that informs clientele of issues that deal with plants and pests. The information and its delivery are designed to reduce the environmental and economic impact of plant cultivation, plant importation, and pest control activities. This is accomplished through education and research projects conducted by Guam Cooperative Extension and other federal and local agencies such as the Pesticide Applicator Training Program (PAT), Guam Integrated Pest Management (IPM), National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN), Guam Invasive Species Advisory Committee (GISAC), and Pacific Islands Distance Diagnostics and Recommendation System (PIDDRS).</li> <li>The use of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) principles offers an economical way to control pathogens, pests, and weeds using minimal amounts of chemicals. Biocontrol offers the ideal means of controlling these organisms but often take years to develop and become established. For the average citizen of Guam, the greatest exposure to toxic chemicals comes from pesticides used in the home and in the garden. Through education and public awareness the risk of pesticide exposure can be reduced.</li> <li>Funding from RREA, IPM, WSARE were used to analyze data gather in 2009 on the decline of one of Guam's important forest tree species "ironwood tree" (Casuarina equisetifolia) and to disseminate information on ironwood tree decline (IWTD) through various educational activities.</li> <li>The Plant Health and Pest Management Program has made many individuals and organizations aware of IWTD and its efforts to remediate the problem. Those informed include producers, golf course superintendents, park managers, village mayors, Guam NRCS, Guam Department of Agricultural, scientists from the mainland and Mariana Islands, and extension personnel at the University of Guam, as well as teachers, students, and the general public.</li> <li>Specific research conducted included the following: 1) analysis of island-wide ironwood tree data; 2) identification of decline explanatory variables; 3) identification of pathogenic basidiomycetes; and 4) development of GIS decline explanatory maps.</li> <li>Outreach activities for the scientific community included posters presented at three international professional meetings (4 th International Casuarina meeting in Haikou, China, Annual meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Charlotte, North Carolina, and 9 th International Mycological Congress Edinburgh, UK), a thesis from Louisiana State University Experimental Statistics department by Karl A. Schlub (Investigating the Ironwood Tee (Casuarina equisetifolia) Decline on Guam Using Applied Multinomial Modeling), a visit from the USDA Region 5 Forest Pathologist (Dr. Phil Cannon), and participation in the Asia Pacific Academy of Science, Education, and Environmental Management (Mr. Dave Bucher and Kagman High School Advanced Biology Organization, in cooperation with Dr. Robert L. Schlub, Extension Plant Pathologist, University of Guam and Dr. Dilip Nandwani, Plant Pathologist/Agronomist, NMC CREES, “Studies on the Decline of the Tree Species Casuarina equisetifolia in the Marianas Archipelago.”</li> <li>Outreach activities for the general public included advisement of advanced biology students on Saipan on the tree species Casuarina equisetifolia, displays at the University of Guam's Charter Day and at the Environmental Protection Agency's Earth Day. Hundreds of students, teachers, and members of the general public were informed of ironwood tree decline and ironwood tree care as a result of these activities. The number of landowners and managers trained to develop Stewardship Plans during these events were approximately 52. The number of direct contacts who increased awareness of benefits and opportunities during these events was approximately 840. Number of indirect contacts whose awareness increased as a result of the activities was approximately 580.</li> </ul> <h2>Hawaii</h2> <ul> <li>Post-presentation evaluations by attendees indicated that the majority (78.6%) of growers and shippers of ornamentals, landscape professionals, and pest control operators have increased awareness of pests of quarantine concern, are able to identify pests and general predators and parasitoids that provide biological control, and have some knowledge to make decisions when selecting appropriate insecticides that would least impact non-target organisms. All presentations can be viewed at<a href="http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/haraa/grower.asp">http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/haraa/grower.asp</a>.</li> <li>Impact: Eight HDOA inspectors and 8 individuals representing 4 East Hawaiʻi nurseries are capable of operating the hot water shower and can provide cross-training to others at their respective facilities. These nurseries have demonstrated that hot water as a quarantine treatment just prior to shipping can be successfully integrated into their production system. In the past three years, more than 73,000 potted plants (estimated $3.6 million) were treated, with nearly all species tolerating hot water well, and nearly 2,400 coqui frogs (adults, juveniles, egg clutches), 165 arthropods, and numerous slugs, snails, lizards, and worms were killed and removed by the treatment, preventing potential pest interceptions by receiving ports in the US and Guam. Hot water treatment of potted ornamental plants has proven to be a practical, cost-effective IPM strategy available to large-scale commercial growers.</li> <li>Impact: “Natural Farming” incorporates a maintenance-free green waste bedding system, which eliminates the need for manure handling; as a result, labor requirements and water usage have been cut back significantly. Monitoring of the nine “Natural Farming” swine operations and 23 poultry operations in the state indicate that generation of odor and flies were kept well below “nuisance” levels, and waste runoff or seepage were non-existent. The simple facility design for pigs and poultry has proven to be practical to scale for 1 to 50 or more head from the standpoint of both economics and management, furthering its potential for adoption by existing and novice producers.</li> <li>Impact: Nineteen Master Gardeners throughout the state are trained in area-wide fruit fly suppression strategies, and are able to conduct classes and workshops and set up displays at community events in their respective counties. Comparing pre- and post-workshop self-evaluations, participants indicate an increase in knowledge in fruit fly identification and biology, and their ability to apply suppression techniques. In addition, commercial growers who have been practicing these techniques for several years have made adaptations to better suit their respective operations, resulting in reduced infestation rates, crop losses, reliance on organophosphate insecticides with the use of GF-120 protein bait, and ultimately increased farm revenue.</li> <li>Impact: Diamondback moth populations were very low in Maui and Hawaiʻi Counties through 2011, which may be an indication of the effectiveness of the resistance management program, and more importantly, the commitment ofvegetable growers on the majority of acres in each county to adopt the spray rotation schedule. Additionally, use of new spray nozzle technology and appropriate surfactants ensure adequate insecticide coverage at proper concentrations. These resistance management practices have helped to prolong the effectiveness of low-risk, environmentally sound insecticides in DBM management.</li> <li>Impact: Post-evaluations after spray coverage workshops indicated that the attendees felt that the educational content was “Excellent” (3.8 out of 4) and increased their level of knowledge and skill on the subject (2.1 out of 3). Ninety-two percent of participants indicated that concepts presented through demonstrations at the workshops were sufficiently compelling to consider adopting one or more techniques into their respective operations.</li> <li>Impact: High-risk areas have been identified among farmers having limited English proficiency and little or no experience in diversified agriculture; training offered through workshops and during farm site visits have mitigated potential harm to humans (worker protection, farm safety, food safety) and the environment. Since the inception of the Local Immigrant Farmer Education (LIFE) program, approximately 6% of immigrant growers in Honolulu County, 11% of papaya growers and 28% of coffee growers in Hawaiʻi County (Keaʻau, Kaʻu) have adopted risk management recommendations and are now “mainstream” producers, defined by sound understanding of crop production, business planning, product quality, and marketing, ability to initiate contact to gather information from appropriate resources, and willingness to assist others; moreover, these changes have improved their operations’ sustainability and economic viability.</li> </ul> <h2>Colorado</h2> <ul> <li>New information on IYSV and thrips biology was delivered to the onion industry, posted on web sites, and presented at various industry meetings. Growers, seed company breeders and pathologists, and integrated pest management specialists use the information to select more effective management strategies.</li> <li>Onion cultivars that are resistant to thrips feeding injuries were identified. Growing less susceptible varieties of onions and reducing virus and thrips pressure may increase yields by a conservative estimate of 10 percent, valued at 5 million dollars annually, in Colorado.</li> <li>Naturally occurring biological control of Russian wheat aphid may have increased over the last 15 years, reducing the need for insecticides and complementing the use of resistant varieties.</li> <li>Resistant wheat varieties have allowed producers to grow wheat without insecticides. The identification of insecticides effective against both Russian wheat aphid and brown wheat mite allows producers to make informed product choices when treating mixed infestations of these two key pests.</li> <li>Improved pest management strategies for diseases of susceptible bean varieties can increase net returns to growers, valued at an additional 3 million dollars annually.</li> <li>Resistance of new dry bean varieties to priority diseases (such as rust and white mold) can improve yield in Colorado conservatively by 10 percent, valued at more than 4 million dollars annually.</li> <li>Drought tolerant corn hybrids may be less prone to mite infestation, given the known association between drought stress and Banks grass mite abundance. The registration of additional reactive miticides would reduce the risk of resistance development for those producers who base treatment decisions on mite abundance.</li> <li>The significance of wheat stem sawfly in Colorado winter wheat is unknown. In April, 2012, a three-year wheat stem sawfly survey will (1) determine the extent and rate of spread of wheat stem sawfly into Colorado wheat production areas; and (2) identify wheat production areas most likely to benefit from the use of solid-stem winter wheat cultivars.</li> <li>Management of the wheat stem sawfly may include tillage, use of trap crops, resistant varieties, biological control, and chemical control of adults. To date, the use of solid- stemmed cultivars is the most effective control measure.</li> <li>This program ensures that applicators understand how to properly, safely, and effectively use pesticides as well as how to properly store and dispose of pesticide. Training addresses adverse risks associated with pesticide misuse and consequences of pesticide drift. Personal safety, protection of the environment, prevention of pesticide drift, endangered species, water quality, and food safety is emphasized.</li> <li>This information assists urban, state and federal foresters when making recommendations for elm planting and insect and disease management. Additionally, education of the public about the interactions of bark beetles and vascular wilt diseases is increased.</li> <li>Managers have critical information necessary to make decisions about using a new herbicide. Applicators understand the behavior of the chemical in the plant and the importance of managing water movement during treatment. Imazamox has attributes that make it a reasonable choice for managing this species.</li> <li>Land managers prioritize weed management decisions through increased understanding of weed ecology and interactions. Environmental factors such as soil texture, precipitation, and temperature are used to identify areas at greatest risk to invasion by Russian knapweed and decrease the land area where monitoring must occur to detect new invasions.</li> <li>Areas most likely to be colonized by invasive weeds are those sites where species richness and diversity are high. Use of a modeling tool improves early detection for yellow toadflax by increasing the probability of successful eradication from areas where its populations are low enough to achieve that goal.</li> <li>Survey data document the widespread occurrence of the walnut twig beetle and Geosmithia morbida in the western United States. Surveys have mapped potential sources of the beetle and fungus. Ten states with native populations of black walnut enacted quarantines on the import of walnut logs with bark attached. The thousand cankers list server was established in 2011.</li> <li>We have demonstrated that there is genetic variation in susceptibility of black walnut to morbida and this may be useful in germplasm preservation or breeding programs.</li> <li>More than 1,000 professionals (arborists, foresters, extension educators) throughout North America received education and training; over 5,000 pamphlets were distributed on diagnosing TCD to walnut growers and homeowners. Participants in one webinar indicated that they had moderately to considerably more understanding of the biology of TCD (90%), field symptoms (95%), and identification features of the walnut twig beetle (96%).</li> <li>Information on insects, diseases and their management is more readily accessible to public and master gardeners, as shown by use in county extension offices and the CSU diagnostic laboratory. Workshop evaluations demonstrate a substantial increase in skills and knowledge (self-reported). Participants were asked to rate the effectiveness in developing participants' skills and knowledge on a scale of one (not at all effective) to 5 (highly effective). Ratings ranged for 3.42 to 4.93.</li> <li>Landscape professionals and city foresters have improved knowledge on the elm cultivar- response to insect pests. This information will guide decisions regarding the use of specific elm cultivars.</li> <li>Results from insecticide trials will lead to improved recommendations for European elm flea weevil.</li> <li>Information on insect pests of residences and structures is more readily accessible to public, pest control operators, facility managers, and landscape professionals, as indicated by the number of presentations requests, questions answered, and articles in the popular press. Rapid response to requests concerning bed bugs was attained.</li> <li>Long-term outcomes may include reduced human health risks associated with inappropriate uses of insecticides in and around homes and reduced damage associated with household/structural insect pests.</li> </ul> <h1>Activities and Outputs</h1> <ol> <li>Increase participants' skills, knowledge, and awareness of regional/national IPM issues, systems, and strategies. Members of WERA -1017 shared publications, research findings, information on new and important pests, and updated outreach techniques through the WERA-1017 meeting held in Santa Fe, NM, the field tours at that meeting, and participation in working groups on IPM topics of shared interest, including Western Small-Farm-IPM working Group, Crop Loss Assessment Working group, and Spotted Wing Drosophila Outreach Team.</li> <li>Increase relevance of federal and regional IPM RFAs, programs, and policies to better align them with regional stakeholder needs. Over the past year, as a unified organization WERA-1017 drafted input into the proposed crop protection funding line for NIFA. In addition, several individual members served on the Western IPM Center, Western Sustainable Research and Extension Program, and National Plant Diagnostic Center advisory boards and panels that guided priorities in those organizations’ programs.</li> </ol>   Several WERA member state IPM programs (New Mexico, California, Guam) are actively collaborating with NRCS to increase awareness of the IPM options within EQIP and other NRCS programs, and increase grower adoption of IPM through participation in the programs. WERA members have influenced the integration of IPM into NRCS conservation planning programs, including review of conservation plans developed for funding. <ol start="3"> <li>Enhance collaboration, sharing of ideas, and hence creation of regional outputs such as multi-state grants and shared outreach materials.</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Six states from WERA-1017 (California, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Washington) are cooperating in the Western Small Farm-IPM Working Group, funded by a grant from USDA-NIFA. This 3-year project is intended to forge linkages between the IPM and Small-Farm teams within each state and to develop best-practice guidelines for encouraging adoption of IPM by small-scale producers. The group’s initial activities have focused on identifying each state’s small-scale farmers and their critical IPM-related needs and initiating pilot projects to address those needs.</li> <li>Several states participate in ipmPIPE projects related to legumes and grapes. The national legume ipmPIPE monitors annual development of legume diseases and provides an early warning system for IPM practitioners on a national, regional and state basis. A recently added effort in grapes in California, Oregon, and Washington strives to use computer-aided mapping, weather information, and pest models to improve information for managing important grape pests. The results will be available through the Web and applicable broadly to western states.</li> <li>Arizona and California collaborated on agronomic and vegetable crops of mutual interest. Includes advisories, news items, workshops and training, Crop Pest Losses and Impact Assessment Working Group has been developing “real world” data on crop pest losses, control costs, yields and pesticide use in key crops for Arizona and the low desert region of California.</li> <li>California, Oregon, and Washington collaborated on advanced training on glyphosate resistance management in the West; a team of 5 from the 3 states delivered the class in 8 locations in the 3 states and produced papers to supplement the presentations.</li> <li>Increased efforts related to conservation of pollinators and other beneficial insects included collaborative work researchers and extension personnel in California, Washington, and Oregon. The work included educational workshops and the group is developing print materials and will be distributing the database of pesticide impacts on these insects through the Web.</li> </ul>   <ol start="4"> <li>Improve coordination of IPM programs that address on-going, emerging and other critical pest and related environmental issues. In addition to providing IPM training to various stakeholder groups within individual states, such as pesticide applicators, master gardeners, producer groups, homeowners, public agencies, facilities managers, etc., state-based IPM teams participated in a variety of multi-state and multi-agency activities.</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Increasing control and management of invasive species.</li> <li>Idaho, Utah, New Mexico and Washington are collaborating in a “Pests of the West” project, funded by a grant from USDA-APHIS, which aims to increase the overall capacity of participating states to detect alien pests and reduce their chances of forming established populations. This is being accomplished by conducting first detector training and other outreach activities in each state. The project has produced fact sheets on several pests of concern (Spotted Wing Drosophila, Bagrada Bug, Brown Marmorated Stink Bug and Japanese beetle). Workshops were held exclusively to train first detectors on the biology and recognition of these exotic pests, and additional training on the identification and biology of the target species was included at large number of events. The fact sheets supported quick response when Bagrada bug became widespread in the summer of 2011.</li> <li>Surveys are being conducted for walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis)(vector of thousand cankers disease of walnuts) in California and New Mexico. Research and extension projects related to spotted wing drosophila are being carried out in California, Oregon, and Washing to improve management of this important new pest.</li> <li>Increasing number of farmers to learn and adopt best management practices to control or eradicate the Cuban Slug, Veronicella cubensis that threatens areas of the Pacific region.</li> </ul>

Publications

Al-Khatib, K., B. Hanson, T. Miller, E. Peachey, R. Boydston. 2011. Managing glyphosate-resistant weeds in glyphosate-resistant crops. University of California Statewide IPM Program Web site: <a href="http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/PUBS/alkhatib-glyphosateresistance.pdf">http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/PUBS/alkhatib-glyphosateresistance.pdf</a>. Ashigh, J. and Tardif, F.T. 2011. Water and temperature stress impact fitness of acetohydroxyacid synthase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant populations of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptychanthum). Weed Science 59:341-348. Asiimwe, P., L.M. Brown, T. Vandervoet, P.C. Ellsworth, and S. Naranjo. 2011. Field Crops IPM Short: jee-AH-kor-is, Big-eyed Bugs Have Big Appetite for Pests. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/GeocorisShortvFc.pdf. Bahder, B.W., D.J. Brooks, S.D. ONeal, L.D. Barrantes, and D.B. Walsh. 2011. Conozca a su enemigo: La Drosophila de las alas manchadas (Drosophila suzukii) contra otras especies de Drosophila OE Know Your Enemy: Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) vs. Other Drosophila. Presented February 9, 2011 at Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers convention, Kennewick, WA. Barrantes, L.D., S. ONeal, T. Brooks, and D. Walsh. 2011. La Drosophila de alas manchadas: Lo que los productores de frutas blandas del Estado de Washington necesitan saber: Actualizacion correspondiente a la primavera 2011. Available on-line at <a href="http://ipm.wsu.edu/small/pdf/Spring2011SWDFlyerESPANOL.pdf">http://ipm.wsu.edu/small/pdf/Spring2011SWDFlyerESPANOL.pdf</a>. Beers, E., and T. Smith. 2011. Spotted Wing Drosophila Control on Sweet Cherry Recommendations for Eastern Washington for 2011: April 13, 2011. Accessed 6-15-11. Online at http://extension.wsu.edu/swd/Documents/SWDrecommendations2011.pdf. Beers, E., T. Smith, G. Hoheisel, and D. Pierce. 2011. 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Aquatic Study Guide for Commercial Pesticide Applicators. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Colorado Environmental Pesticide Education Program, http://www.cepep.colostate.edu/index.htm. Walker, T. 2011. How to Avoid 2,4-D Injury to Grapevines. Colorado Environmental Pesticide Education Program, http://www.cepep.colostate.edu/index.htm. Walker, T. 2011. How to Prevent Taking Pesticide Residues Home from Work (novella in English & Spanish for agricultural workers),Colorado Environmental Pesticide Education Program, http://www.cepep.colostate.edu/index.htm. Walker, T. 2011. Worker Protection Standard Training for Agricultural Workers (video), Colorado Environmental Pesticide Education Program, http://www.cepep.colostate.edu/index.htm. Walsh, D. B., S. D. O'Neal, and H. J. Ferguson. In press. Pollinator Protection in Pacific Northwest Seed Crops. Washington State University Extension Manual. Walsh, D. B., S. D. O'Neal, H. J. Ferguson, and G. W. Peck. In press. Fly Control Handbook for Pacific Northwest Cattle/ Guia para el control de moscas en el ganado bovino en el Noroeste del Pacifico. Washington State University. Wilen, C., C. Geiger, W. MacLachlan. 2011. "Urban Pest Management and Surface Water Quality: Encouraging the Use of Integrated Pest Management," In: Pesticide Mitigation Strategies for Surface Water Quality. ACS Books. Young, C. and A. Hara. 2012. The Good Guys. Hawai’i Landscape Dec 2011/Jan 2012: 17-19. Landscape Industry Council of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI. Young, D. 2011. Breathe Easier – Get Rid of Pests and Their Allergens in Your School (poster), Colorado Environmental Health Association Educational Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado Young, D. 2011. Healthy Colorado Schools (poster), Colorado Association of School Nurses, Vail, Colorado Young, D. 2011. Healthy Colorado Schools (poster), Colorado Association of School Nurses, Vail, Colorado Young, D. 2011. Tools for a Healthy Community (poster), National Healthy Homes Conference, Denver, Colorado. Young, D. J. 2011. Ants: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. Bats: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. Bed Bugs, Landlords, Tenants and the Law, Colorado State University, 2pp Young, D.J., Armenta, R. and Berry, G. (editors). 2012. Colorado School Pest Identification Handbook. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 40 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. Bed Bugs: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. Cockroaches: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. European paper wasps, hellowjackets and hornets: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. Mice: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. Molds and Mildews: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D. J. 2011. Pigeons: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2 pp. Young, D..J. 2011. Head Lice: Management Tools for a Healthy Learning Environment. Colorado State University School IPM Program, 2pp. Zhang, J., Sanogo, S., Flynn, R., Baral, J.B., Bajaj, S., Hughs, S.E. and Percy, R.G. 2011. Germplasm evaluation and transfer of Verticillium wilt resistance from pima (Gossypium barbadense) to upland cotton (G. hirsutum). Euphytica.

Impact Statements

Improved collaboration and communication with the Western IPM Center, which has increased funding opportunities to expand IPM education and implementation in our region.

Date of Annual Report: 01/22/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/29/2013 - 05/31/2013
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2012 - 09/30/2013

Participants

Marion Murray, Utah State University;
Deb Young, Colorado State University;
Tess Grasswitz, New Mexico State University;
Lydia Clayton, University of Alaska;
Jim Farrar, WIPMC, University of California;
Kassim Al-Khatib, Univ. of California, Davis;
Bob Schlub, Univ. of Guam;
Mary Burrows, Montana State University;
Ed Bechinski, University of Idaho;
Oliver Neher, University of Idaho;
Arnold Hara, University of Hawaii;
Al Fournier, University of Arizona;
Howard Schwartz, Colorado State University;
Tom Holtzer, Colorado State University;
Marty Draper, (phone) NIFA USDA;
Bob Nowierski, NIFA USDA;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Annual meeting of WERA 1017

5/29/2013

Fort Collins, CO

1. Welcome and Introductions

Outgoing chair Dr. Deborah Young opened the meeting at 1 pm with a welcome and self-introduction.

2. Comments and updates

a. WERA-1017 administrative business - Tom Holtzer, Colorado State Univ.

The main message is that regional committees are well received at Washington DC. The committee plays important roles in coordinating IPM activities in the west and that is well recognized. He discussed several topics including the new structure for western IPM Center where University of California, Oregon State University, and the University of Arizona will led the center efforts. Kassim Al-Khatib, University of California is the PI on the USDA/NIFA WIPMC grant and he will have some direct involvement in supervising and management of the center. The center has hired new Director and associate director to manage activities and grants. Dr. Holtzer also indicated the EIPM program is stable and the program funding should continue in the upcoming three years. Furthermore, he shared his concern that federal sequestration may have negative impact of IPM programs, resources and funding. Dr. Holtzer remaindered the group to write report for this year activity.

b. USDA NIFA and RIPM Program updates – Bob Nowierski

Dr. Nowierski provided general view of the RIPM program and the challenges the program faced to release the RFA on time. There was delay in RIPM announcement due to the attempt to streamline grant process that impacts the RIPM project starting date. There was a concern from committee that the delay had negative impact on projects and the committee encouraged NIFA to avoid the delay in the next year.

c. USDA NIFA and E-IPM Program updates – Dr. Marty Draper, National Program Leader

Dr. Draper acknowledged that the multi-state committee reports (such as that from WERA-1017) are used by NIFA every year as a source of reporting impacts within and for responding to congressional information requests. Dr. Draper summarized the impact of federal sequestration on NIFA work and how it affected the budget line and EIPM funding. The overall budget reduction for the agency is 15%; however, the reduction for Smith-Lever IPM is only 8%. USDA/NIFA is coordinating their efforts to avoid any duplication and increase efficiency so grant funding would not be affected. Dr. Draper also shared with the committee the progress to review and award EIPM proposals. He expected that in June he will make award notifications. He also shares with the committee the progress to approve the crop protection one-line budget item. If that is approved then it will be 30% overhead on EIPM proposals.

Dr. Draper encourage all PIs on the EIPM projects to submit no cost extension if they have items in their projects that are no completed. He shared with the committee the process and limitations for no cost extension. If the state completed the project and not asking for no cost extension then the PI need to submit final report. In addition, Dr. Draper discussed with the committee the new NIFA reporting system and encourages everyone to get familiar with the new system.

d. WIPM Center & WRIPM Grant Program updates – Jim Farrar, UC ANR

Several handouts were distributed showcasing the work of the Western IPM Center. Dr. Farrar introduced himself as the new WIPMC Director. He also showed the new structure of WIPMC and how California, Oregon, and Arizona will lead the project. It is a new model to manage the center. He also introduced his new associate director (Dr. Carla Thomas) and the center new writer (Steve Elliott). In addition, he shared with the community the available UCIPM resources that benefits IPM Community through the west. There was also extensive concern and discussion about the delay in the release of RFA for the RIPM program.

Dr. Farrar also shared with the community the development of WIPC signature food security programs. The center will have three signature programs in this funding cycle, these programs are:

1) Regional Infrastructure for Climate and Weather-based Decision Support Tools that is led by Dr. Paul Jepson of Oregon State University. The goal of this signature program is to advance IPM systems in the western U.S. and nationally by providing access to quality-controlled climate and weather data for any state that wishes to partner with the WIPMC. This realizes the value of the investment that the WIPMC has already made in the WWWG, and provides a significantly higher level of service and support to farms throughout this region. Dr. Farrar gave a presentation about the objective, goals, plan of actions and outcome of this project. The committed showed strong interest in the project and hope that Dr. Jepson would work with states liaisons to expand the scope of the project.

2) Crop Pest Losses and Impact Assessment Program. The leading scientists on this project are Dr. Peter Ellsworth and Dr. Al Fournier. The initial work on this project was funded as a WIPMC Work Group in 2004; the Crop Pest Losses and Impact Assessment program has developed a process for capturing real-world data on the impacts of pests and pest management practices on crops. These data are essential for IPM evaluation and needs assessment, identification of stakeholder priorities, support of pesticide registration needs, and to respond to federal, regional, and local information needs. To date, the group has worked with stakeholders in Arizona and southern California (and occasionally West Texas) in key desert crops (cotton, cantaloupes, watermelons and lettuce) to develop the data. Surveys, implemented through face-to-face workshops, provide insights into growers’ decision making and the intent behind specific pest management practices. The goal of this signature program is to expand the reach and implementation of the crop pest losses survey program to other states so that they may benefit from the process, survey instruments, and impact assessment analyses as a major step in learning about IPM practices in use by growers and evaluating IPM adoption. Dr. Al Fournier presented project plan and current progress. The committee requested that PIs consider expanding the project to cover more crops such as potato.

3) Protocols for Responding to Invasive Species in the West. Western states are under exceptional pressure from increasing introductions of exotic and invasive insects, weeds, and plant diseases. Globalization of the world’s economic and social systems benefits the western region economy and the export of agricultural commodities produced in western states, but at significant economic, environmental, and societal costs. Invasive species pose a serious threat to agricultural production, services from natural resources, and urban communities. We must deal effectively with invaders in ways that are economically and environmentally acceptable and cause minimum disruption of IPM strategies and tactics targeting other pests. To do this, well-tuned, coordinated cooperation, knowledge of these species, understanding of invasive species biology and ecology, and potential control and eradication strategies are critical. WIPMC stakeholders have identified invasive species as a major priority issue. The overall goals of the project are to improve prevention, detection and reporting, with rapid risk assessment and response to new invasive species threats. This will be achieved by developing processes that ensure regional communication and collaboration for earlier detection and rapid response to manage, control, and/or eradicate the identified high priority invasive species. The program brings together a working group of interested partners in the West—including federal, regional, state, and local entities—to address invasive insects, plants, and plant pathogens, and how to coordinate a rapid response to a few of the most threatening of these. Dr. Kassim Al-Khatib gave presentation about the current progress in the project. There are three working groups formed to address Zebra Chip disease in potatoes and vegetables caused by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum vectored by the psyllid; grape vine meadlybug, and Flowering Rush. All these invasive species could result in extensive economical and environmental damage through the west.

e. National PIPE efforts: The future of ipPIPE.

Dr. Howard Schwartz gave presentation about the scoop of PIPE projects including soybean rust and legumes PIPE. The project has new name which is Pest Issue in Vegetable. He shared with the group his current work on onion and bean. He also discussed with the group the value of the project to stakeholders and how it used in IPM programs. In addition, he shared with the committee several publications, educational tools and products resulted from his PIPE project. The group had extensive discussion about how to identify new resources to fund PIPE.

f. Outside visitors.

The committee listened to several presentations about IPM programs for the city of Boulder, Colorado. The committee was interested in the city efforts to fund the work and also the process that the city used to identify high priority projects.

g. Tours and visits.

The community conducted a field trip to Rock Mountain National Part to observe the impact of Mountain Pine Beetle damage and the efforts to address this invasive insect problem. Bill Jacobi (CSU) and Jeff Conner (National Park Service) led the tour. The community also visited Ned Tisserat’s lab and was briefed about the efforts to address Thousand Canker Disease. In addition, the committee toured to the National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation.

h. State reports.

Representative of Arizona, Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Montana, Hawaii, and Guam gave a report about IPM activity and progress in each state.

Kassim Al-Khatib is the new chair; Mary Burrows is the vice-chair. Due to scheduling, the next WERA 1017 meeting will be held in Montana.

Accomplishments

Discussion of state reports (5 minutes each) included numerous accomplishments under each WERA1017 objective. None were recorded in written form.

Publications

In the 2012 report, the group reported 129 research and extension publications. Although no written record of publications is available for 2013, the total number produced by the group is expected to be similar. Publications for 2013 will be appended to the 2014 report.

Impact Statements

Improved collaboration and communication with the Western IPM Center, which has increased funding opportunities to expand IPM education and implementation in our region.

Date of Annual Report: 02/09/2015

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/07/2014 - 07/08/2014
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2013 - 09/01/2014

Participants

Don W Morishita, University of Idaho, don@uidaho.edu;
Carrie Foss, Washington State University, cfoss@wsu.edu;
Sally O'Neal, Washington State University, soneal@tricity.wsu.edu;
Ronda Hirnyck, University of Idaho, rhirnyck@uidaho.edu;
Robert L Schlub, University of Guam, rlschlub@uguam.uog.edu;
Cheryl Wilen, University of California, cawilen@ucanr.edu;
James J Farrar, University of California, jjfarrar@ucdavis.edu;
Virgil Dupuis, Salish Kootenai College, virgil_dupuis@skc.edu;
Marion S. Murray, Utah State University, marion.murray@usu.edu;
Tunyalee Martin, University of California, tlamartin@ucanr.edu;
Tessa R. Grasswitz, New Mexico State University, tgrasswi@nmsu.edu;
Arnold Hara, University of Hawaii, arnold@hawaii.edu;
Leonard Coop, Oregon State University, coopl@science.oregonstate.edu;
Joy L Paterson, University of Nevada, patersonj@unce.unr.edu;
Alfred J Fournier, University of Arizona, fournier@cals.arizona.edu;
Deb Young, Colorado State University, deborah.young@colostate.edu;
Mary Burrows, Montana State University, mburrows@montana.edu;
Tom Holtzer, Colorado State University, Thomas.Holtzer@ColoState.edu;
Matt Baur, University of California, mebaur@ucanr.edu;
Marty Draper, NIFA, mdraper@nifa.usda.gov;
Bob Nowierski, NIFA, rnowierski@nifa.usda.gov;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief Summary of Minutes

The WERA-1017 group met in Bozeman July 7-8, 2014. Tom Holtzer, administrative advisior, emphasized the value of reporting outcomes and impacts and shared the feedback from the last report. He explained the history of this committee and feels experiment station directors are underrepresented at regional meetings and we discussed ways to change that. The new structure of the National IPM Committee with 3-year rotating terms for participation from representatives from each region may facilitate those changes. The states were well represented, with only two states (Alaska and Wyoming) not attending this meeting. Holtzer also gave an overview of the ESCOP-ECOP committees and priorities for USDA.

Jim Farrar, Western Region IPM Center Director gave an update on the center and their grant program including grant types and available funds. He emphasized the evaluation component and the online IPM Toolkit sponsored by WRIPMC that is available for those needing guidance.

Marty Draper, USDA-NIFA, gave an update on the EIP grant process and complemented participants on proposal quality. Bob Nowierski, USDA-NIFA gave an update on the ARDP grant program and encouraged panel participation.

Virgil Dupuis, Salish-Kootenai College (MT), discussed a Native American working group to manage invasive weeds and he is trying to broaden this effort to other tribal colleges and universities. Dupuis emphasized the need for education on IPM on tribal lands.

The group discussed the need for a WERA meeting next year. It was generally decided to have this meeting in conjunction with the International IPM Symposium in Salt Lake City, UT in March, 2015. Marty Draper has scheduled an additional day for a group meeting and breakout sessions for the regional working groups.

Each state gave an update on their IPM program, and distributed marketing materials such as newsletters, calendars, etc. as appropriate. Some of the highlights are captured in the impact and outcome statements of this report.

The second day of the meeting was spent on an IPM tour of Yellowstone National Park. We heard from Roy Renkin, Supervisory Vegetation Specialist, Yellowstone Center for Resources

About range exclosures and revegetation efforts in the context of IPM. Bruce Maxwell, Professor of Applied Plant Ecology, MSU gave us a tour of research sites and talked about global research on lodgepole pine invasions in the Southern Hemisphere and how we have learned about the behavior of invasions elsewhere from studying the species here in Montana.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

[Below is a summary of reported accomplishments Full State Reports are provided in the attachment in the minutes section.] ***Arizona – **Agronomic Crops IPM Team Published Natural Enemies Guide: --Brown L.M., P.C. Ellsworth, G. Hughes, S. Bundy, P. Porter, V. Barlow, S.E. Naranjo, D. Kerns, A.M. Mostafa, A.J. Fournier. 2013. Natural Enemies of the Southwest: A field guide to the arthropod natural enemies of southwestern field crops. Book. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Publication no. AZ1607 71. Available at: lulu.com, $22.95, ranked 427 in sales, liked by 104 people --Integrating natural enemy counts into whitefly management decisions in cotton. WRIPM & WIPMC grants. Ph.D. student Tim Vandervoet involved in large-scale field confirmations, PCA workshops and statewide outreach campaign. New publications: --Vandervoet, T., P.C. Ellsworth, L.M. Brown, S.E. Naranjo. 2014. Making Whitefly and Natural Enemy Counts. Field Crops IPM Short. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/PredatorToPreyRatios.pdf --Brown L.M., A.M. Mostafa, T.. Vandervoet, A.J. Fournier, P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo. 2014. Minute Bug with Enormous Impacts on Insect Pests. Field Crops IPM Short. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/OriusRatio.pdf --45 Field Crops IPM Shorts including 11 in Spanish, 8 videos, since 2011 http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/agronomic_ipm.html --Continued intensive reduced risk cotton IPM program in Mexicali, Mexico, reaching hundreds of growers and consultants and reducing pesticide risk **Vegetable IPM Team --In the past year, delivered 26 Veg IPM updates accessed by over 450 local end-users and redistributed to 20,000 through farm press and related media http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/vegetables/advisories/advisories.html --Several new vegetable IPM videos http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/vegetables/videos.html --Organized on-farm research demonstrations with grower cooperators --Delivered workshops and trainings, including major contributions to the annual Southwest Ag Summit attended by over 800 growers, PCAs and agriculture industry professionals http://swagsummit.com/ **Community IPM Team --Hired new Assistant in Extension, Shaku Nair, starting July 1 2013 --Continued trans-disciplinary “School IPM Inside and Out” Extension program --Implemented pilot IPM programs in 6 schools (5 districts) in metro Phoenix and Tucson --Engaged with County Agents & conducted workshops to reach outlying school districts --Produced 15 monthly newsletters, Extension publications, videos --EPA School IPM grant: “Stop School Pests” training and certification program; “big check” media event at Metro Tech High School; “IPM Hero” awards --Nair WIPMC grant: Handbook of Pests in Community Environments --Public Health Pests IPM: Assistant in Extension, Shujuan (Lucy) Li **IPM Assessment Team --APMC Pesticide use database: >23 years of data; >595,000 use reports; ~ 1 million applications; >2,000 products >120 different crops --Crop Pest Losses & Impact Assessment Signature Program: IPM impacts in cotton, lettuce and melons (AZ & low desert region of CA); expansion to other crops & locations --ipmPRiME analysis of historical lettuce pesticide use: In collaboration with Jepson & Guzy (OSU, IPPC). Initial analysis complete, detailed work ongoing. **Pesticide Safety Education Program --We recently hired new Assistant in Extension for Pesticide Safety Education, Dr. Mike Wierda who began work in mid-July. Mike’s position is partially supported through a PSEP-IMI grant and a major focus will be to work with a broad group of Arizona stakeholders to develop a business plan for establishing a sustainable and effective Pesticide Safety Education Program for Arizona. ***California – They have 9 full-time IPM advisors and are looking for an urban/structural IPM person. They are recruiting for a person in the fall in LA. They have a director and 4 associate directors and 5 people doing computer work. 1.8 people are dedicated to urban IPM. They also have a pesticide safety group. At Davis, they have a collector of info and development of materials. They will develop a strategic plan for the next 5 years. They have lots of blogs, such as “southern IPM activities” and how to inspect for bed bugs. There are advantages to using electronic applications because you can use google analytics to gauge how long and how they are using it. They are no longer going to produce the IPM compendium books. For their website, they are moving information into databases and adding an evaluation component and surveying users of the website. They want to use technology where a survey will pop up when you go onto the site. People might not attend a meeting unless they get credit or hours for it. ***Colorado The Colorado Center for Sustainable Integrated Pest Management focuses on pests that damage or interfere with desirable plants in agricultural fields, orchards, landscapes and natural areas; damage homes or other structures; or pose an environmental health risk. In cooperation with the College of Agricultural Sciences, the Center has a new website http://ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/. Two-minute videos of CSU IPM faculty are being developed and posted on the website. Other websites include the Plant Diagnostic Clinic Facebook page, YouTube channels for school IPM and the Plant Diagnostic Clinic, Colorado Environmental Pesticide Education Program (CEPEP), the Healthy Communities website, and eXtension Urban IPM. The Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management at Colorado State University conducts two advisory committee meetings annually. **Agriculture Extension/Outreach: -“Onion Health Management and Production”, a capstone resource for the IPM PIPE (pest identification platform for extension and education http://www.ipmpipe.org/) -Four new fact sheets on insects affecting fruit/vegetable crops -Field days, workshops, collaborations with grower organizations, and timely information on new and emerging pests, such as potato/tomato psyllids **Forest and Range -Demonstration plot and workshops on integrated weed management of leafy spurge -Workshops, YouTube videos and fact sheets on Emerald Ash Borer -Invasive Weed Master program -- course curriculum and educational materials **Schools and Homes -4 posters of common arthropods in and around homes -12 new/updated fact sheets used for both school and housing (with Utah State University) -Fact sheets in Spanish (10) -Surveys of household infesting flies -A guide for identifying and managing weeds in schoolyards & landscapes -Quarterly meetings of the Colorado Coalition for School IPM -Workshops to Colorado Pest Control Association, school grounds, retail staff in hardware/garden stores -New videos, on the school IPM and Plant Clinic YouTube channels -Monthly Healthy Schools newsletter (380 recipients) -Presentations on school and housing IPM to more than 1000 individuals --- Audiences included school districts, University of Colorado Hospital Asthma Foundation, Colorado Environmental Health Association, school nurses, City of Fort Collins, Entomology Society of America, and National Healthy Homes Conference. **Gardens, Lawns and Landscapes -Advanced ornamental pest diagnostics workshops -- in Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico and Utah External evaluations of training courses demonstrate a substantial increase in skills and knowledge. -New educational materials and diagnostic training to address the discovery of emerald ash borer (EAB) in Boulder in September 2013 -Diagnoses of insect and disease problems. In 2013, the clinics (campus and Jefferson County) processed 1,468 samples. -Training and support of Colorado Master Gardeners (CMG). Annually, 1,600 CMG volunteers serving in 36 county/area based programs donate $1.4 million in volunteer time. **Colorado Environmental Pesticide Education Program -Initial certification, through study guide manual sales and precertification workshops, to 1180 private applicators and 1559 commercial applicators -Recertification training to 321 private pesticide applicators through Extension workshops and 1673 commercial applicators through organization meetings and Extension workshops -Assistance to over 125 non-certified individuals (homeowners, parents, etc.) seeking information about pesticides through email and phone calls ***Guam— They have active faculty that work with coral. He feels that we need to look beyond the surface and need to look into the water. He has hosted farmer-based workshops. Bob thinks workshops get a lot more people involved and likes to let the farmers speak. Bob thinks communications needs to be developed. There is a decline of ironwood trees. They have IPM problems multiplied by four, having problems with ganoderma, termites, all related to the environment. They also have problems with funding and new pests coming in. They have a new gall wasp. ***Hawaii **The IPM Coordinator and staff participated in several training sessions for Master Gardeners and provided hands-on displays at community events to bring awareness to IPM in urban environments: -“Alien Invaders of the Worst Kind”, Training for Master Gardeners (Mar. 4, 2014) -“Alien Invaders of the Worst Kind - A Systems Approach to Pest Management” (March 27, 2014, Kamuela, HI) -“Pest Alerts: Little Fire Ants, Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, Coqui Frogs”, “Sending Pest-free Flowers to the Mainland”, Big Island Association of Nurserymen Annual Plant Sale and Educational Displays (April 26-27, 2014, Hilo, HI) -“Hawaii's Little Fire Ant Crisis”, a community group, (April 13, 2014; Hilo, HI) **Training for 2014 Master Gardeners (14) in Hilo (Hawaii) was completed in April (Andrew Kawabata) with curriculum that also included “Varietal selections to minimize disease and insect problems”, “Insect and disease identification on various edible and ornamental crops”, “Soil fertility and plant nutrition to promote healthy plantings”, “Fruit fly IPM”. **The IPM Coordinator and staff participated in several seminars for growers with insect pest management presentations: ( >400 attendees). Presentations can be viewed at http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/haraa/grower.asp **Several posters were prepared by extension agent Jari Sugano and colleagues for Integrated Pest Management, including “Pest Identification: Common Pests”, “Pest Identification: Common Diseases ”, “Prevention Strategies”, “Control Strategies”, “Chemical Modes of Action”, “Reduced Risk Products”, and “Beneficial Insects and Insectary Plants”. **Hawai?i nurseries shipping ornamental potted plants out-of-state continued to be encouraged to use hot water on plants for disinfestion of coqui frogs (Eleutherodactylus coqui), nettle caterpillar (Darna pallivitta), and little fire ants (Wasmannia auropunctata) as part of a systems approach to quarantine pest management. Hawai?i Department of Agriculture inspectors and staff monitor hot water treatments by nurseries in Hawai?i County. **Extension Agents Jari Sugano (O`ahu County) and Randall Hamasaki (Hawai’i County) planned and implemented workshops, field days, and programs to promote IPM adoption by commercial and home garden growers of vegetables in the state: **In addition to educational sessions on safe use of pesticides, review of common basil pests in Hawaii, pesticides registered for use on basil in Hawaii, Hawaii Department of Agriculture pesticide inspection process, and the Hawaii Department of Health commodity sampling program, basil grower workshops also focused on soliciting ideas on how best to continue servicing and partnering with basil farmers, and establishing buy in to continue participation in future UH educational activities. **Farm visits were coordinated with translators to work with many Chinese growers on a one-on-one or small group basis on issues such as crop production, pesticide education, pesticide comprehension, and personal protection equipment. J. Sugano’s team effectively communicated with new and existing stakeholders on the best management practices in managing new and existing pathogens to vegetable crops. **The Diamondback Moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella) Insecticide Resistance Management Program was developed by UH CTAHR for growers to effectively manage DBM by rotating insecticide chemistries on an areawide basis. Extension agents worked with the crucifer growers in their counties to provide grower education and conduct periodic field sampling for laboratory resistance screening. At workshops, crucifer growers learned how to identify the various stages of the DBM life cycle, its distribution, host plants, and damage symptoms. Growers also learned about host-plant resistance, factors that affect insecticide resistance, including spray concentration and coverage, and effective pesticides available. Based on resistance screening in October 2013, adjustments were made to the DBM insecticide rotation. **Educational workshops were conducted to stress the importance of properly applying chemicals to edible and non edible crops. Worker protection standards and personal protection equipment were discussed to ensure farm employees are knowledgeable about a safe working environment. **J Sugano developed publications that simplified spray equipment calibration using the 1/128th spray calibration method for both booms and hand-held spray guns for better pesticide spray coverage and accuracy. Lay terms and photos were used to communicate the concepts and step procedures to farm employees with varying levels of English proficiency. A video “Calibrating a Mist Blower Using the 1/128th Method” is available on-line at http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/SustainAg/news/index.html#video (Hana`ai newsletter, Sustainable and Organic Agriculture Program). **Feedback from vegetable farmers in Hawai`i county indicated an emerging weed problem. Extension agent R Hamasaki submitted samples that were identified as yellow nutsedge, then proceeded with a workshop and demonstration for affected farms. Information on the weed’s biology and chemical and cultural management strategies were covered by the Weed Specialist. A video of the workshop was posted on-line for accessiblity by others encountering this weed. **Since 2005, macadamia felted coccid (MFC) has been plaguing the macadamia nut industry in Hawaii. R. Hamasaki and a UH Entomology Specialist provided information to growers on using horticultural oils in combination with existing biological controls. Some of the oils are compatible with certified organic production and are mild on natural enemies that help to reduce MFC populations. **The “Easy as 1-2-3” Fruit Fly Suppression in Hawaii program promotes an environmentally friendly, cost effective technology that, when used in an “area-wide” approach, can increase economic benefits to growers, the community and the state of Hawaii through expanded opportunities in diversified agriculture. Participants signed on as cooperators and were trained in using the program’s three-pronged approach (field sanitation, an effective protein bait, and trapping) to manage fruit flies in apples, avocado, banana, cantaloupe, cherry, coffee, cucumber, eggplant, fig, grape, grapefruit, gourd, jaboticaba, lemon, lychee, mango, mountain apple, nectarine, orange, papaya, peach, pepper, persimmon, pomegranate, plum, pumpkin, sapote, starfruit, sour sop, squash, tangelo, tangerine, and tomato. ***Idaho **EMPHASIS #1: IPM TRAINING FOR CONSUMERS/URBAN ENVIRONMENTS Our desired outcome is improved pest management practices in home yards and gardens among Idahoans statewide. Results from our 2011-2012 statewide homeowner surveys provide the necessary baseline data for 5-year follow-up surveys during 2016-2017 to quantify changes in IPM adoption. Programming during 2014 involved four activities with emphasis on enhancing the IPM knowledge and skills of our statewide Extension County educators and their county Master Gardeners. -Idaho Green Thumbs How-To’s Home Landscape Fact Sheets Project The University of Idaho Extension Faculty Team in Commercial and Consumer Horticulture identified 50 topics as priorities for delivery as single-page, on-line and printed fact sheets. We created a new standardized publication series format -- the Idaho Green Thumbs How-To’s fact sheets -- and have written and posted on-line 6 titles, four of which deal with management of diseases, insects or weeds. We anticipate two more Green-Thumbs during summer 2014. We have contracted with University of Idaho Educational Communications to translate these into Spanish. Experience suggests we will reach thousands of homeowners in Idaho and the Pacific Northwest; two of our on-line Homeowner IPM Guides bulletin series (funded through our FY09 and FY10 NIFA E-IPM awards) are the #1 and #4 most-accessed publications in the Extension catalog with 85,000 unique IP downloads annually. -In-Service IPM Workshops for Extension Faculty and Master Gardeners Thirty-two County Extension Educators from Idaho, Montana, Utah and Wyoming participated in our 26-27 June 2014 In-Service Workshop. Speakers included Extension and Research faculty in Entomology, Plant Pathology and Pest Diagnostics from Colorado State University and Montana State University as well as from the University of Idaho who delivered 90-minute workshops supplemented with a field trip. Pre:post tests to quantify short-term Logic Model outcomes showed that whereas >50% participants ranked their pre-workshop knowledge of pest identification, biology and management as “some-to-poor” (with <3% ranking their knowledge as “excellent”), 75% self-ranked their post-workshop knowledge as “excellent-to-good.” Participants received an IPM “tool-kit” of reference texts, specimen curation supplies, and a Mini-Digital Microscope. One hundred thirty-five Master Gardeners and affiliated staff and students from Idaho, Montana and Wyoming participated in our 27-28 June 2014 Master Gardener State Convention convened at the Horticulture Gardens and adjoining greenhouses and orchards of Brigham Young University – Idaho. Faculty from the University of Idaho, Montana State University and Colorado State University offered fifteen concurrent 50-minute hands-on small-group workshops; IPM subject-matter included plant disease diagnosis, IPM for landscape insects, and insect biocontrol. -IPM Curriculum for Master Gardeners Bechinski is developing a peer-reviewed IPM curriculum for Master Gardeners that will consist of twelve 1-hour subject-matter modules allocated as four-units Safe and Effective Pesticide Use in Yards and Gardens, four-units Entomology, and four-units Managing Insects Frequently Encountered in Yards and Gardens. Training will be available in two formats: (1) on-line, independent-study lessons using Adobe Captivate and posted to the national eXtension site, and (2) PowerPoint pptx file format for live delivery by a local presenter. We completed elements of this work (SEE Idaho Master Gardener Pesticide Policy at eXtension Campus Courses http://campus.extension.org/enrol/index.php?id=926). To date, 145 Master Gardeners across Idaho have completed this initial on-line training module. Bechinski delivered during 2014 36 contact-hours of on-site IPM workshops attended by 303 Idaho Master Gardeners volunteers and County Extension educators. Subject-matter focus was pest identification, biology and management options, with an emphasis on biological control and “least-toxic” biorational pesticides. Workshops combined PowerPoint shows supplemented by hands-on examination of specimens. We are equipped with 25 portable, battery-powered stereoscopes through our FY12 NIFA E-IPM award to support these workshops -Videos for Master Gardener Education Work is in progress on a 1-hour video to supplement live on-site Master Gardener IPM education. Subject-matter is “How to succeed at biological control” so as to accompany the 2014 in-press extension handbook Pacific Northwest Natural Enemies Manual funded with our FY12 NIFA E-IPM award. **EMPHASIS #2: IPM IMPLEMENTATION FOR SPECIALTY CROPS Our desired outcomes are two-fold: (1) to increase farmer profitability via pest alerts and interactive IPM decision tools that identify economically optimal aphid:virus management strategies for dry peas in the Palouse agronomic region of northern Idaho and adjoining eastern Washington state, and (2) mitigate adverse environmental impacts of current aphid:virus control practices (esp. impacts on natural enemies) by replacing dimethoate insecticide applied as three seasonal foliar sprays with reduced-hazard seed-treatments of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam. We are operating a network of aphid pan-traps strategically located at 20 commercial dry pea fields in a three-county area and are using ELISA and PCR to determine the virus status (pea enation mosaic virus and bean leaf roll virus) of colonizing pea aphids and dry pea crops. We deliver to growers and their advisors on-line pest forecasts, real-time status reports, and IPM decision tools at our Aphid Tracker website (www.ag.uidaho.edu/aphidtracker). IPM decision tools take the format of interactive crop enterprise budgets that allow growers to use values from their own farms to estimate the cost-effectiveness of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam insecticidal seed-treatments and foliar insecticides (dimethoate and alternatives to dimethoate) when virulent or non-virulent aphids occur. EMPHASIS #3: IPM EDUCATION FOR IDAHO PESTICIDE APPLICATORS Our desired outcome is improved pest management practices among state-certified commercial agricultural and horticultural pesticide applicators, especially practices that minimize potential harm to groundwater and surface waters. We are working with Mr. Sherm Takatori, Program Manager for Pesticide Licensing and Certification at our state lead agency, the Idaho State Department of Agriculture, to revise and update a study manual widely used by Idahoans preparing for initial pesticide applicator certification exams -- Agricultural Weed Management Principles (published 1993). This manual is a Washington State University publication and so justifiably has a Washington-centric focus that sometimes is inappropriate for Idaho. Topics now considered critical to pest management -- such as pesticide resistance management, environmental fate and stewardship (including use of risk assessment tools) – are not covered in the detail they warrant in this 20-year old manual. We emphasized these topics at four regional Pre-Licensing Training Workshops organized by Hirnyck and Takatori during 2014. These 3-day workshops delivered IPM training to approximately 200 pre-license private and commercial pesticide applicators. ADDITIONAL IPM WORK PROJECTS AT UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO: -Water Quality and Nutrient Management Topic Team: -Potato Topic Team: -Sugar Beets and Minor Crops Topic Team: ***Montana -The former IPM Coordinator, Barry Jacobsen, has been replaced by Mary Burrows. Dr. Burrows accepted the nomination to vice chair for WERA-1017 in 2013-2014, and will serve as chair in 2014-2015. -New staff include Dr. Laurie Kerzicnik (Oct 2013), insect diagnostician and Dr. Eva Grimme, plant disease diagnostician (May 2014). Both work in the Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory -The Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory received state funding for the first time in its history during the 2013-2014 legislative biennium. This funding has been added to the Extension base budget. -A team has been hired to help provide external evaluation of the MSU IPM program. Their work will begin in September, 2014 -The plant identification diagnostician identified 547 plants in 2013, and more than 280 samples and counting in 2014. More than thirty of the submissions were state-listed noxious weeds. All clients are sent reports on how to manage weeds using IPM strategies. In addition to plant identification, the diagnostician assesses plants for herbicide injury, averaging more than 60 per year. Assessments include a consultation with client on whether they followed the herbicide label, advice on how to do so, or a recommendation for a different herbicide or different control method. Of increasing concern is vegetables submitted to the lab that are injured due to plant growth regulators herbicides from contaminated compost. The diagnostician is collaborating with the herbicide Compliance and Enforcement Officer at the Montana Department of Agriculture who has observed a sharp increase in 2014 in the prevalence of plant growth regulator contaminated compost. Discussions are underway to develop an educational campaign in 2015 to have gardeners conduct bioassays on new soil or compost before adding it to their garden. -IPM specialists Fabian Menalled, Mary Burrows, Jane Mangold, Hilary Parkinson and Health and Human Services Specialist Selena Ahmed are developing a mental model to assess the communication gap between researchers, consultants and producers. Research in ecological weed management is extensive, but researchers struggle to convince producers to use this information when they make decisions. The group has collected more than 200 surveys from organic and conventional producers and researchers and consultants across the state and will continue to do so into the fall. The mental model will dissect and cluster the language obtained in the surveys to elucidate differences in what researchers and producers value and how they make decisions, thereby improving research, and methods and strategies to improve communication between researchers and producers to further implementation of integrated pest management practices. ***Nevada They do community IPM and two people handle most of it. It is in high demand and has been reprinted three times in 1 year. They work closely with Master Gardeners, and they are the first line of defense. They recently updated a pesticide manual and put it in their IPM programs for the 1st time. They are printing and giving it out for free. They work with hoophouse growers for use in Reno and Vegas markets. Agriculture is a small percentage of total state’s income, but a huge percentage of certain counties. They just updated a 15-yr. biocontrol manual. They are pushing for weed management. Honeybee IPM-considered a small operation if it is less than 50 hives and the hives stay in NV and large if it goes from CA-NV without much regulation. The varroa mite has been a problem in hives and they are now having major bee issues. They have four experimental bee hives. ***New Mexica New Mexico is doing an organic pest management program. Organic conferences are the largest in the state. They increased baseline knowledge of IPM. They have diagnostic programs for 100 insect and pathogen IDs and weeds. For invasives, they found SWD in 2013 near Albuquerque. They have a good monitoring system in place. Blackberries and raspberries are major crops. They developed a small farm IPM working group in 2010 with 2014 being the last year. For pesticides, Jane Pierce is working on Trypanosoma cruzi. 61% of the insects she is catching have a high infection of Chagas disease, which used to be 3% in the 30’s and 50’s. They have had three consecutive years of drought. They have Diarapta beetles attacking saltcedar (4 different species). They also have 2 stink bugs. They lay eggs on rangelands around Albuquerque. They had a grasshopper swarm that registered as a “storm” on the radar. They have been doing lots of outreach and extension. They have a recommended list of plants for native pollinators. They have a contract for school IPM programs, as regular spraying has gone on. They have been looking at the onset of tillage and irrigation and its effect on weeds. Bob Wood “ask the bugman” is antipesticide. ***Oregon They have a state law for IPM implementation. They will have a state IPM coordinator. They have developed remote sensing for conservation biocontrol-pests.org. Len discussed signature area funds that are available. If you have a nice solid need, you can come to Len for help. Len showed pest event maps for the SWD, gypsy moth, and said they have 102 models in the system. From the AFRI grant, he has developed hourly-driven models and is continuing to support underserved needs with different forecasts. Paul Jepson reports that all of the growers allow data of pheromone traps to be broadcasted. The entire growing community is showing and sharing pest data. This has resulted in OP use, probably due to mating disruption. ***Utah The overarching goal of the Utah IPM Program at Utah State University is to increase the use of sustainable pest management practices in schools and on agricultural, and urban lands in a way that provides economic benefit and human and environmental protection. In 2013, the Program’s education and applied research activities have resulted in changed human practices that reflect good stewardship and economic sustainability. Combined survey results from subscribers of the IPM Pest Advisories, commercial fruit growers, and IPM workshop attendees show improvements, as compared to 2008, in IPM implementation, including increased pest monitoring (134%), increased use of non-chemical control options (34%), increased adoption of safe pesticides and biocontrol options (1,400%), and decreased use of toxic pesticides (45%). These changes in behaviors will result in reduced pesticide impacts on humans, pollinators, soil and water. SPECIALTY CROP IPM The IPM Pest Advisory service consists of newsletters and an online decision aid tool called Utah TRAPs (Timing Resource and Alert for Pests, climate.usurf.usu.edu/traps). During 2013, we delivered 15 fruit and vegetable newsletters to a subscriber base of 14,400 (up 17% from 2012). The information provided in the newsletters comes from statewide weather station data and weekly insect trapping and pest monitoring in up to 20 locations. We developed several new additions for the TRAPs website, including a redesigned interface; faster processing; a login-based pest alert text/email message system; an interactive map; addition of 2 orchard weather stations; 3 new pest models; a “one-stop” pest summary page; and video tutorials. Subscribers of the advisory service are surveyed every other year, with the next survey scheduled for fall 2014. Surveys from 2008, 2010, and 2012 have shown that the advisories have been very beneficial to growers and homeowners in the state and have advanced the use of IPM. We have seen the following improvements since 2008: -pest monitoring has increased by 134% -the use of pheromone traps has increased by 16% -avoidance of spraying during bloom has increased by 41% -adoption of reduced risk and biocontrol products has increased by 1,400% -use of organophosphate and pyrethroid products has decreased by 45% Most subscribers (86%) use the advisories as their sole source of pest management information, and 99% reported that they would retain their subscription. The IPM Program coordinated and conducted 4 applied research projects in 2013. Results of applied research have led to increases in IPM practices, cost savings, and/or reductions in pesticide use, and results include: -peach twig borer mating disruption dispensers (Checkmate, Suterra) hung in mid-June provided the same protection and lower cost than when hung at biofix, saving growers up to $70/acre -four common perennial and biennial weeds in onion agricultural landscapes have been identified as key overwintering hosts for onion thrips and iris yellow spot virus; targeted weed removal can save onion growers an average of 15% crop loss, a savings of $1010 per acre -positioning a systemic insecticide as the first cover spray in an insecticide program for western cherry fruit fly prevented 5-10% crop loss, a savings of $300-600 per acre for tart cherries and $185-370 per acre for sweet cherries in Utah -use of birdsfoot trefoil as a cover crop in peach orchards provided an average of 35% of the crop’s nitrogen requirements and enhanced arthropod biodiversity for a value of more than $100 per acre The Intermountain Tree Fruit Production Guide was updated for the 2013 season, with authors from USU, Colorado State University, and University of Idaho. The guide is unique in that it presents reduced risk/organic products separate from conventional, and focuses on monitoring, cultural practices and using thresholds. We surveyed recipients of the tree fruit production guide and found that 60% increased their level of monitoring, 48% used the “organic/reduced risk” recommendations, 73% learned more about pest biology, and 72% said they are more likely to adopt recommended IPM practices. A 2011 survey of Utah vegetable growers revealed that a comprehensive guide was one of the most needed tools for them to be successful. In spring 2014, a comprehensive vegetable guide was published, written by 8 USU authors representing 4 disciplines. It contains 7 chapters and focuses on onion, sweet corn, and solanaceous crops (utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/htm/vegetables). The guide will be evaluated via a pre-stamped written survey included with each copy. Over the next several years, it will be expanded to include additional crops and input from neighboring states. SCHOOL IPM As a result of the hard work by the Utah School IPM Coalition (comprised of representatives from various district school boards, pesticide applicators, and USU), the Utah Legislature passed the “School Rule” in August 2013, mandating IPM in all Utah schools. As a result, the focus of the Utah IPM Program is to help schools quickly transition to IPM to meet this new mandate. The Program held over 30 training sessions for 18 school districts, and additional training sessions for Utah Health Department employees who will be enforcing the new law. In addition, 10 schools were assessed to determine pest levels and areas where improvements could be made. A school IPM website (utahpests.usu.edu/schoolIPM) was developed, and includes 20 fact sheets in English and Spanish. The Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab arthropod diagnostician spends 10% of his time on School IPM activities. CONSUMBER/URBAN IPM In 2013, the IPM Program produced 7 IPM advisories in turf and ornamentals to a subscriber base of 10,600. The Program gave 40 talks and produced 4 how-to videos and 8 fact sheets. Twelve existing fact sheets were translated into Spanish. The IPM website was updated, and the commodity content (fruit, vegetable, landscape, field crops IPM) was expanded to include easy to understand information on pest management with thumbnails of diagnostic digital images. Optimal distribution of pest management information such as this has resulted in increased knowledge of our clientele, seen by the decreased number of inquiries on when/what to spray and general pest identification. ***Washington – Deficit irrigation is used to concentrate flavors in wine grapes. They are researching deficit irrigation on the pest complex. They are developing a hop pest management strategic plan. They are also doing spotted wing drosophila monitoring and outreach with sweet cherries. They published rangeland beef cattle results. They talked about doing a field ID guide that is photo driven. Carrie Foss is doing education about IPM and bed bugs. University of Washington did a video and assessed their program. They are doing a curriculum project, carrying on a lot of efforts. It is an IPM curriculum for 3-5 grade students and has a lot of potential.

Publications

Please see attached file.

Publications Attachment:

Attachment

Impact Statements

Improved communication and collaboration among IPM researchers, Cooperative Extension personnel and partner organizations in the West.
Sharing of ideas and strategies to develop sustainable alternative funding sources to support IPM personnel and activities.
Enhanced discussion and practice of IPM evaluation methods and tools to better communicate our impacts on human health, economics and the environment to USDA and stakeholders.
Improved collaboration and communication with the Western IPM Center, which has increased funding opportunities to expand IPM education and implementation in our region.
Because of WERA-1017, Utah State University is involved in a multi-state project outlining whole farm approaches to managing onion thrips and IYSV, including weed management, edge treatments, fertilization, irrigation, and use of predators and chemicals.
Arizona Extension IPM programs provide research based information and continuing education units (CEUs) to help professionals maintain licenses and high standards of pest control. Clientele say ?A minimum of 10% growth (nearly $100,000) in 2012 was directly related to what we learned from UA Extension IPM programs, which has increased our sustainability and improved our ability to compete with larger companies.? ? owner of a local pest management company. IPM in schools has been shown to reduce pest incidence by 78% and pesticide use by 71% and the Arizona IPM programs impact over 303,600 students statewide.
In Hawaii, workshop evaluations of Alien Invaders of the Worst Kind presentations conducted for program development and improvement were summarized (response scale: 1= Poor, 2=Fair, 3=Good, and 4=Excellent), with mean value of 4. Average rating by participants was ?4?, with perceptions of increased knowledge and understanding of the topics presented (100%). Participants felt the methods conveyed in this presentation were appropriate (100%) and would assist them to better manage risk from insect and other pests (100%). Evaluations showed participants picked up 3 to 4 (14%), 5 to 9 (43%), or 10 or more strategies (43%) that could be applicable to their risk management operations. Future workshops were requested on more pest and disease control (100%), crop insurance (67%), new varieties, crops and products (100%).
In Hawaii, thirty cooperators representing 172 acres practiced the ?Easy as 1-2-3? Fruit Fly Suppression in Hawaii program during the past year. As a result of training, the participants were able to make informed decisions for managing fruit flies in their farm or garden. These practices resulted in decreased pest infestation and crop damage levels. Many participants have adopted these practices over several years.
Idaho Extension personnel conducted a field tour focused on chemigation as a tool for onion thrips management. A survey showed the following: 90% of the growers indicated an increase in knowledge of thrip management using chemigation treatments; 79% plan to use information they learned from the tour for their own farm management decisions; 72% gained knowledge of the benefits of drip irrigation for water conservation and water quality protection; 62% learned about NRCS programs to help offset initial costs of installing drip irrigation; 66% of the growers are still interested in learning more about drip irrigation and the benefits of using drip systems.
In Montana Extension IPM personnel performed over 1830 diagnoses on 1630 disease, insect and plant identification samples. Estimated economic impact per client was $523, with an estimated total impact of $900,000 to clients on 3.6 million acres. One client stated the impact was in the ?100s of thousands.? One wheat grower did not spray a fungicide and saved $700k with no perceived yield loss due to disease. Twenty nine plant identification samples were submitted to determine if they were toxic to livestock (cattle, horses and a mule) five of which were toxic, enabling producers to prevent further illnesses. Medusahead (Tainiatherum caput-medusae) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) were identified, both first records in Montana of highly invasive weeds. Identification enabled early detection and rapid response, preventing further spread of these new invaders, which have cost other states millions in control costs or lost livestock forage production.

Date of Annual Report: 01/15/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/22/2015 - 03/27/2015
Period the Report Covers: 10/31/2014 - 09/01/2015

Participants

Kassim Al-Khatib, University of California, kalkhatib@ucdavis.edu;
Diane Alston, Utah State University, diane.alston@usu.edu;
Edward John Bechinski, University of Idaho, edb@uidaho.edu;
Mary Burrows, Montana State University, mburrows@montana.edu;
John Connett, University of Wyoming, jconnett@uwyo.edu;
Leonard Coop, Oregon State University, coopl@science.oregonstate.edu;
Jay Davison, University of Nevada, davisonj@unce.unr.edu;
Peter Ellsworth, University of Arizona, peterell@ag.arizona.edu;
James J Farrar, University of California, jjfarrar@ucdavis.edu;
Alfred J Fournier, University of Arizona, fournier@cals.arizona.edu;
Tessa R. Grasswitz, New Mexico State University, tgrasswi@nmsu.edu;
Arnold Hara, University of Hawaii, arnold@hawaii.edu;
Ronda Hirnyck, University of Idaho, rhirnyck@uidaho.edu;
Tom Holtzer, Colorado State University, Thomas.Holtzer@ColoState.edu;
Tunyalee Martin, University of California, tlamartin@ucanr.edu;
Marion S. Murray, Utah State University, marion.murray@usu.edu;
Robert L Schlub, University of Guam, rlschlub@uguam.uog.edu;
Doug Walsh, Washington State University, dwalsh@wsu.edu;
Cheryl Wilen, University of California, cawilen@ucanr.edu;
Deb Young, Colorado State University, deborah.young@colostate.edu;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

[Below are a few highlights of accomplishments provided as State Reports. State Reports in their entirety are in the attached file under minutes.]   ***Arizona –  The Arizona Pest Management Center (APMC) encompasses and enhances the full set of University of Arizona research and Extension resources involved in the implementation of IPM in Arizona. Dr. Peter Ellsworth, State IPM Coordinator, directs the APMC in consultation with a multidisciplinary stakeholder advisory group. IPM Leadership Teams coordinate efforts in each of our major program areas, with dedicated Assistants in Extension (generally funded 50% through USDA-NIFA, EIP): Vegetable IPM, Agronomic Crops IPM, Community IPM, Pesticide Safety, Insect Diagnostics, and IPM Assessment.  What’s new? In 2014 we hired Dr. Mike Wierda as Assistant in Extension who will coordinate the Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP), work with stakeholders to identify paths to sustainable funding, and interface with all IPM Teams, supporting IPM education of applicators. Mr. Gene Hall was also hired as an Assistant in Extension for Insect Diagnostics (50% through CE) at the University of Arizona Insect Collection. We recently established a pesticide diagnostic lab in Yuma with support from the AZ Iceberg Lettuce Research Council and other competitive resources. In 2014 the lab ran over 100 samples for growers.  Selected Outcomes and Impacts  ** Our IPM teams significantly leveraged resources to accomplish IPM program goals. This period marked one of the most successful in our history with productivity in grants hitting new highs for individuals and teams. Awards made in 2014 to our teams include a share of the $1M WIPMC grant to our Crop Pest Losses signature program (ca. $325K over 4-yrs), $856K to the APMC (EIP for 3-yrs), $250K Applied Research & Development Program (USDA-NIFA, ARDP) and $424K (Monsanto Insect Management Knowledge Program) for work by our cross-commodity team (2–3 yrs), $125K (ARDP) and $250K (EPA) for work by our Community IPM team (2 yrs), 4 recent WIPMC grants ($129,659), and 2 AZ Specialty Crops Block Grants ($200,159), just to name a few.  ** Our IPM teams significantly leveraged resources to accomplish IPM program goals. This period marked one of the most successful in our history with productivity in grants hitting new highs for individuals and teams. Awards made in 2014 to our teams include a share of the $1M WIPMC grant to our Crop Pest Losses signature program (ca. $325K over 4-yrs), $856K to the APMC (EIP for 3-yrs), $250K Applied Research & Development Program (USDA-NIFA, ARDP) and $424K (Monsanto Insect Management Knowledge Program) for work by our cross-commodity team (2–3 yrs), $125K (ARDP) and $250K (EPA) for work by our Community IPM team (2 yrs), 4 recent WIPMC grants ($129,659), and 2 AZ Specialty Crops Block Grants ($200,159), just to name a few.  ** Documenting Reduction in Pesticide Risk: In a collaborative project with Oregon State University, Integrated Plant Protection Center, we used the Pesticide Risk Mitigation Engine (ipmPRiME.org) to analyze lettuce pesticide use in Arizona lettuce, demonstrating that safety to aquatic & other organisms has been progressively and significantly improved by other 80% over the last 21 years.  ** Summary of meetings: reached over 2,700 participants in 51 meetings, including licensed Pest Control Advisors (PCAs), growers, agricultural industry representatives, pesticide applicators, state and federal agencies and pesticide regulators, nursery and landscape industry, Master Gardeners, homeowners, public school staff, non-governmental organizations, pest management professionals, representatives from numerous tribes and tribal organizations, racial and ethnic minorities that work in agricultural and urban sectors. Our agricultural programs delivered 112 AZ Dept. of Ag CEUs, 41 CA Dept. of Pesticide Regulation CEUs, and 27.5 Certified Crop Advisor pest management CEUs. Our community IPM programs delivered over 50 CEUs of various types.   ***California –  Summary:  Several retirements of key personnel (Joyce Strand and Mary Louise Flint) occurred in 2014 and new staff are continuing their great work. Three new IPM advisors, working on urban IPM, stone fruit and vertebrate solutions, have also joined our team. UC IPM’s YouTube channel has grown with the addition of both urban and agricultural pest management videos. We added two online training courses, one on IPM for child care centers and schools and the other on pesticide resistance. UC IPM facilitated the conversation to document the critical uses of chlorpyrifos in four key California crops: alfalfa, almond, citrus, and cotton. Using social media to connect with our urban audience continues with a new UC IPM blog, and efforts are growing to reach our agricultural audience by partnering with existing farm advisor blogs.  Selected Outcomes and Impacts  ** Clarifying the Agricultural Use of Chlorpyrifos: Identifying the most critical uses of chlorpyrifos in alfalfa, almond, citrus, and cotton can strengthen IPM in these crops. Chlorpyrifos is an effective insecticide used in California. Currently there are ongoing evaluations to assess potential human and environmental health risks. To equip California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation with a comprehensive understanding of chlorpyrifos use, UC IPM Advisor Peter Goodell and project coordinator Lori Berger convened leaders to gather input on chlorpyrifos use in relation to other pest management methods. Crop leaders include commodity group representatives, Cooperative Extension advisors and specialists, pest control advisers, and growers. The full report of these discussions is in Identifying and Managing Critical Uses of Chlorpyrifos Against Key Pests of Alfalfa, Almonds, Citrus and Cotton. Positive outcomes from this project include strengthened partnerships, IPM tools and trainings, and identified research gaps and policy issues.  ** Advisors Team Up Against Exotic Pests: Exotic species add to a growing list of pests to manage in California crops. UC IPM Advisor Lucia Varela is working with local Cooperative Extension farm advisors to find best management practices for exotic species. Partnerships were instrumental in the work that lead to declaring European grapevine moth eradicated in 9 our of 10 California counties. Studies on the life cycle and timing of organic certified insecticides and strong outreach helped pest control advisers and growers make sound control decisions for Virginia creeper leafhopper. Vineyard defoliations seen in 2012 were avoided in 2014. To increase awareness of brown marmorated stink bug, Varela co-authored the UC IPM Pest Notes: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug and has teamed up to survey preferred host plants. Early detection will aid in developing a rapid response.  ** New School and Child Care IPM Course: California requires that pest control companies providing services in schools and licensed child care centers comply with a series of laws called the Healthy Schools Act (HSA). IPM Advisor Andrew Sutherland and others from the Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, UC San Francisco, and Pestec IPM Providers developed the training Providing IPM Services in Schools and Child Care Settings. Available as a free online course, the module explains the history of the HAS and details what schools, child care centers, and pest control companies are required to do to follow the law. Continuing education units are available from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation and the Structural Pest Control Board. The module was available for about 2 weeks in 2014. During that time 50 people learned about the HSA by taking the course.  ** Urban and Community Program Shares through Social Media: In 2014 UC IPM’s Urban and Community Program stepped up its efforts to use social media for sharing educational information and products. In March, the blog Pests in the Urban Landscape (http://ucanr.edu/blogs/UCIPMurbanpests), was started to provide information about landscape, structural, home, and garden pests. Over a dozen videos were developed for the UC IPM YouTube channel. Many of the home and landscape videos have been translated into Spanish, which have been viewed more than 23,000 times. In 2014, our videos received over 80,000 views, with the most popular video Distinguishing Between Yellowjackets, Wasps, and Look-Alikes receiving 32,000 views. The Urban Program’s Twitter account, @ucipmurban, continues to gain more followers, with 840 in 2014.   ***Colorado ** IPM IN AGRICULTURE Wheat stem sawfly damage to winter wheat was detected in the state in 2012. Frank Peairs reports that the number of fields infested with larvae increased from 14 to 54% from 2012 to 2014. Perhaps more significantly, a larval infestation was found in Baca County, suggesting that this pest is capable of infesting wheat throughout eastern Colorado. Foliar insecticide treatments have been largely ineffective. However, preliminary results with soil-applied phorate indicate that this is a potentially useful alternative for managing this pest.  Biotype surveys for another wheat pest, Russian wheat aphid, suggest that, while undescribed biotypes can be found with relative ease in montane and prairie environments, Biotype RWA2 continues to dominate in Colorado wheat production.   Conservative estimates indicate that newly released dry bean varieties, with resistance to rust, white mold and other priority diseases, improve yield by 10 percent. Howard Schwartz reports that improved pest management strategies can also increase net returns to growers. With an estimated cost of $250,000 for salaries and operating costs of project participants from various sources, the Return on Investment is valued at more than 25 to 1.  From 2010 to 2014, the Onion ipmPIPE project, coordinated by CSU, worked closely with state, regional, and national stakeholders and organizations. Onion crops were grown on 70,000 ha and valued at $860 million value ($43 million return), and garlic crops were grown on 12,000 ha and valued at $172 million value ($9 million return). The team emphasized IPM strategies, including selection of disease resistant varieties, planting clean seed, suitable crop rotation, scouting and confirmation of economic threats from disease organisms and insect pests, and timely application of pesticides as needed, and marketing of allium crops (onion and garlic).  With a conservative return estimate of 5% ($52 million or an annual Return on Investment of 50 to 1), this project significantly reduced losses from pest problems such as thrips and Iris yellow spot virus.  Additional savings include reduced numbers of pesticide applications when insect and disease pressures were estimated to be too low to warrant additional IPM action; however, data was not available on specific amounts of pesticide applied during this reporting period. The IPM team responded to new insect and mite problems on vegetable crops. Whitney Crenshaw is developing management methods that minimize non-target impacts and/or are compatible with organic production. Paul Ode is looking at biological control of Pieris rapae, an important pest of crucifers. The San Luis Valley Research Center is evaluating improved potato cultivars. Researchers at the Orchard Mesa Research Center are evaluating the effects of alternative orchard floor management practices for organic and conventional fruit growers, and peach rootstocks on replant sites.  In other research, the weed management team (Phil Westra, Scott Nissan and Todd Gaines) studies mechanisms of herbicide resistance, utilizing next-generation sequencing to study complex traits in weeds. Lou Bjostad is researching the biochemistry of the western corn rootworm, with objectives to isolate and identify compounds in maize roots that are repellent to western corn rootworm larvae and then evaluate potential applications of the repellent factors.  **COMMUNITY IPM The Colorado Extension Implementation Program (EIP) provided support for the Pest Diagnostic Facility and responded to new insect, mite and disease problems. Outreach efforts on Emerald Ash Borer continue. Cranshaw and Jacobi completed Insects and Diseases of Woody Plants in Colorado (Bulletin 506A ed., pp. 322 pp.).The urban IPM team conducted five workshops on vegetable IPM in 2014. Each 2-day workshop covered soils, composts & fertilizers, vegetable diseases, insect pests and beneficial insects, weed management, harvesting/post-harvest handling of vegetables and pesticide use. Audiences included underserved communities, regional partners in Wheatland, WY, Building Urban Farmers and Colorado Master Gardeners from the Front Range. The team is developing diagnostic videos and other educational materials to serve the Green Industry.  The school IPM team efforts resulted in an increase in the number of students attending schools implementing IPM, from 20% (2012) to more than 50% (2014). In the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Klett and his team are evaluating herbaceous annuals and perennials for growing in the Rocky Mountain and High Plains Region.  **RANGELAND & FORESTS George Beck and his team are investigating the role of herbicides in management of invasive species. Working with cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), Cynthia Brown and her team are evaluating biotic and abiotic mechanisms responsible for the establishment of invasive plants, and how their management affects ecosystem function.  Andrew Norton and Scott Nissen completed a chapter in the book Tamarisk: best management practices in Colorado watershed.  Through these efforts, we expect the following outcomes: (1) Research leads to improved understanding and application of IPM;(2) New stakeholders participate in IPM projects; (3) Participants have improved access to technical materials and communication is improved, resulting in increased awareness of the benefits of IPM.   ***Guam  **Tomato Ageratum yellow vein virus  In 2007, a disease with leaf curl, yellowing and stunting symptoms was reducing yield of tomatoes by 10% in northern Guam. By 2011 severe leaf curling and stunting was observed in more than half of Guam’s farms and some were experiencing a total loss of their tomato crops . Samples were sent to Agdia diagnostic company to be identified. Their genetic sequencing produced a 93% identity to Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV). Due to the high level of sequence diversity found, it is likely that Guam has a unique strain of AYVV. Crop health screening for a panel of viruses showed only positive in the Begomovirus Group PCR test, but negative to many other common tomato virus in enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA).  In order to control AYVV, it was determined that identifying AYVV resistant varieties among commercial tomato cultivars suitable for Guam was necessary. Subsequently, during Guam’s wetseason (August 2014) farm trials were begun to compare 17 commercial tomato varieties for virus resistance and production suitability against the control variety ‘Season Red’. Partial analysis of field data, identified 12 varieties with virus resistance superior to ‘Season Red’ and 5 with inferior resistance. AYVV was detected in one superior variety and four of the inferior ones. When symptomless tomatoes were tested, only one of the 18 varieties were positive for AYVV. The top varieties from each field were selected and ranked by producers, which include ‘Olivia’, ‘Carmine’, ‘Affinity’, ‘Ornela’, and ‘Felicity’. These varieties were recommended for production on Guam based on their strong virus resistance, high yield and low levels of cracked and unmarketable fruits.  ** Ironwood tree decline Beginning in 2002, Dr. Robert Schlub began researching the cause or causes of Guam’s sick ironwood trees. Since then, researchers and specialists have traveled to Guam providing their expertise to address the decline of ironwood trees. In fall of 2013, a team of five specialists took part in an island survey on root and heart rot disease pathogens from forests of the Pacific Islands. Although termite activity was linked to the ironwood tree decline, it wasn’t until spring 2014 when experiments tested this hypothesis. During this time, students from Dr. Schlub’s Pest Management class successfully baited subterranean termites on ironwood tree roots, which is suggested to contribute to the complex factors behind ironwood tree decline.  **Little fire ant The little fire ant (LFA), Wasmannia auropunctata, was first found on Guam in 2011. Since then, LFA has been found in many villages throughout the island, which may indicate its presence on the island longer than originally thought. Currently, Dr. Ross Miller is in collaboration with the Guam Department of Agriculture in efforts to control LFA in selected sites around Guam. Control efforts involve multiple treatments of SiestaTM and TangoTM, over the course of over a year. Potential biological agents are being studied with USDA-ARS.  ** Coconut rhinoceros beetle: The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), was first observed on Guam in 2007. Efforts to eradicate CRB using pheromone traps proved to be unsuccessful and populations of CRB spread throughout the island resulting in serious damage to coconut and other palm trees. Following the cessation of the pheromone traps for suppression, the use of fishnets for trapping CRB in compost piles was explored. The local tekken fishnet for trapping showed promise, with a 75 percent catch rate for CRB, according to Dr. Aubrey Moore.   ***Hawaii **Training for Consumers/Urban Environments The UH EIP Program assisted in identifying appropriate IPM protocols when a new pest in the state, Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle, CRB) was first detected in December 2013 at Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam on Oahu. In collaboration with USDA APHIS – Plant Pest Quarantine, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, University of Guam, Guam Department of Agriculture, local military personnel, and several other federal and state agencies, recommendations for treatment were developed. Treatments for infested palm trees included: 1) cutting and incineration of infested logs with an air curtain burner, 2) application of fine silica sand around palm tree crowns as an irritant to adult beetles at head-to-thorax articulation, and 3) installation of nylon netting around frond petioles in palm tree crowns to snare adult beetles entering or exiting feeding or breeding sites, which is being successfully implemented in Guam where CRB has been present since September 2007. Onyx Pro (bifenthrin) applied with synergist Exponent (piperonyl butoxide) was identified as the most effective pesticide on adult CRB. **IPM Implementation for Specialty Crops The UH EIP Program conducted interviews with growers and shippers to assess the status of recurring quarantine pests in ornamental plant production for export from Hawaii. Critical control points were identified from propagative field site to pre-shipment/transport and protocols specific to each pest were reviewed. IPM protocols were reviewed to resolve any unendorsed modifications that may have accounted for shipment interceptions/rejections with the use of on-site demonstrations and access to printed and web-based resources to aid in pest identification. ***Idaho  IPM IN COMMUNITIES Statewide outreach to homeowners about yard and garden IPM **Our desired outcome is improved pest management practices in home yards and gardens among Idahoans statewide. Results from our 2011-2012 statewide homeowner surveys provide the necessary baseline data for 5-year follow-up surveys during 2016-2017 to quantify changes in IPM adoption. Programming during 2015 involved three activities with emphasis on enhancing the IPM knowledge and skills of our statewide Extension County Educators and their county Master Gardeners.  **Idaho Green Thumbs How-To’s Home Landscape Fact Sheets Project  The University of Idaho Extension Faculty Team in Commercial and Consumer Horticulture identified 50 topics as priorities for delivery as single-page, on-line and printed fact sheets. We created a new standardized publication series format -- the Idaho Green Thumbs How-To’s fact sheets -- and have written and posted on-line nine titles, six of which deal with management of diseases, insects or weeds (see photo below); we anticipate five more Green-Thumbs titles about landscape and garden pests during summer 2015. We have contracted with University of Idaho Educational Communications to translate these into Spanish. Experience suggests we will reach thousands of homeowners; two of our on-line Homeowner IPM Guides bulletin series (funded through our FY09 and FY10 NIFA E-IPM awards) are the #1 and #4 most-accessed publications in the Extension catalog with 85,000 unique IP downloads annually.  **In-Service IPM Workshops for Extension Faculty and Master Gardeners  Two multi-day events are scheduled for 2015: (1) July 2015 Master Gardener State Convention and (2) August 2015 In-Service Workshop.   Target audiences, general subject-matter and workshop format is similar to our 2014 workshops, reported last year at WERA1017 as follows:  2014 In-Service Workshop. Thirty-two County Extension Educators from Idaho, Montana, Utah and Wyoming participated in our 26-27 June 2014.   Speakers included Extension and Research faculty in Entomology, Plant Pathology and Pest Diagnostics from Colorado State University and Montana State University as well as from the University of Idaho who delivered 90-minute workshops supplemented with a field trip.   Pre:post tests to quantify short-term Logic Model outcomes showed that whereas >50% participants ranked their pre-workshop knowledge of pest identification, biology and management as “some-to-poor” (with <3% ranking their knowledge as “excellent”), 75% self-ranked their post-workshop knowledge as “excellent-to-good.”   Participants received an IPM “tool-kit” of reference texts, specimen curation supplies, and a Mini-Digital Microscope.  2014 Master Gardener State Convention. One hundred thirty-five Master Gardeners and affiliated staff and students from Idaho, Montana and Wyoming participated in our 27-28 June 2014 convened at the Horticulture Gardens and adjoining greenhouses and orchards of Brigham Young University – Idaho.   Faculty from the University of Idaho, Montana State University and Colorado State University offered fifteen concurrent 50-minute hands-on small-group workshops; IPM subject-matter included plant disease diagnosis, IPM for landscape insects, and insect biocontrol.   IPM IMPLEMENTATION IN SPECIALTY CROPS **Regional PestAlerts and IPM decision-tools for dry pea producers [Eigenbrode and Bechinski]  Our desired outcomes are two-fold: (1) to increase farmer profitability via pest alerts and interactive IPM decision tools that identify economically optimal aphid:virus management strategies for dry peas in the Palouse agronomic region of northern Idaho and adjoining eastern Washington state, and (2) mitigate adverse environmental impacts of current aphid:virus control practices (esp. impacts on natural enemies) by replacing dimethoate insecticide applied as three seasonal foliar sprays with reduced-hazard seed-treatments of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam.  We will begin during May 2015 seasonal operation of a network of aphid pan-traps (see photos below) strategically located at 20 commercial dry pea fields in a three-county area of Idaho and Washington; collaborators at Washington State University will use ELISA and PCR to determine the virus status (pea enation mosaic virus and bean leaf roll virus) of colonizing pea aphids and dry pea crops.  **IPM IMPLEMENTATION IN AGRONOMIC CROPS Wheat IPM MobileApps decision tools   ** IPM EDUCATION FOR IDAHO PESTICIDE APPLICATORS Pre-license pest management training for private and commercial applicators   ***Montana  The overall goals of the Montana State IPM program are to reduce health and environmental risks from pest management, improve IPM practices and increase IPM adoption. Montana is a large state with more than 145,000 square miles and that agriculture is the largest segment of the state economy with crop income at $2.3 billion in 2012, ahead of mining, gas & oil, and tourism. The urban population is also a large and growing constituency, with rural areas losing population. The overall goal is to develop and deliver information on IPM practices in Montana and provide readily available, up-to-date pest management information to stakeholders. We emphasize four core areas in our program (1) IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops; (2) IPM Implementation in Communities; (3) IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities; and (4) IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators.  Impacts and Accomplishments Achieved Under WERA-1017 Objectives  **Increase participants’ skills, knowledge, and awareness of regional/national IPM issues, systems, and strategies. **Enhance collaboration, sharing of ideas, and hence creation of regional outputs such as multi-state grants and shared outreach materials. **Improve coordination of IPM programs that address on-going, emerging and other critical pest and related environmental issues.   **2014 Schutter Diagnostic Lab Impacts   The Schutter Lab receives samples for plant, plant disease, and insect identifications throughout Montana. Most samples are submitted by Montana State University Extension agents, homeowners, farmers, and commercial operators. The diagnostic staff includes Laurie Kerzicnik (Insect Diagnostician), Hilary Parkinson (Plant Identification Diagnostician), and Eva Grimme (Plant Disease Diagnostician). The majority of samples are received in May-September, but the lab is open to receive samples throughout the year. A total of 2104 identifications were conducted in 2014.  Preliminary estimate of the economic impact of the Schutter Diagnostic Lab in 2014 is $1.7 million over an area covering approximately half a million acres based on 170 responses to a survey. This is only direct economic impacts on samples.    ***Nevada  **Program overview  The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) coordination program objectives included; 1) determination of priority IPM needs of stakeholders, 2) responding rapidly to new IPM issues, 3) reporting Nevada based IPM activities to NIFA, 4) providing responses to request for applicable IPM information requests, and 5) serving as an ongoing source of IPM program support for Nevada Extension faculty, State and Federal personnel. An overarching goal of this program is for all Extension faculty conducting pest management educational programs to include IPM techniques as the basis for pest management programs in Nevada. The Nevada State IPM program was focused on increasing awareness and adoption of IPM techniques in four priority areas; 1) production agriculture, 2)consumer/urban environments, 3) pesticide applicators and 4) natural areas. In all cases the primary pest management problems we addressed was related to weeds. Weeds were the focus of our efforts as the results of numerous long term needs assessment efforts completed by our clientele have all indicated weed management as the top priority for Extension pest management programming. The latest needs assessment also indicated the top two priorities within the weed management program to be; 1) “weed management using chemicals and 2) weed management using other techniques”.   **Outcomes and Impacts  *IPM Training for Urban/Consumer Environments The primary accomplishment of the IPM training for Urban/Consumer Environments is the increased awareness of IPM principles and practices by Master Gardeners, Green Industry Professionals and the public through education programs and trainings. The individual educational programs resulted in 7,422 attendees being trained in face-to-face interactions at 69 educational events with 196 hours of instruction. Additional education programs geared towards the general public included Radio and TV Public Service Announcements (PSAs) and newspaper articles which provided both educational information on key IPM principles and also directed the public to our website, <a href="http://www.managenvpests.info/">www.manageNVpests.info, </a>for further information and educational materials. Creation of the website and broadcasts of the PSA's greatly increased our ability to educate the public, resulting doubling traffic to the website during broadcast periods.  *IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators The primary accomplishment of the IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators was the increased awareness of IPM principles and practices by Nevada Certified Pesticide Applicators accomplished through educational programs and trainings. These trainings were also integrated into other extension programing to encourage participation by pesticide applicators and to encourage IPM practices in all areas where pesticides are applied. Education for Pesticide Applicators was offered across a broad range of IPM programing statewide. A total of 14 workshops, classes or presentations with 78 hours of instruction were attended by 1,284 people with 49 continuing education credits offered to pesticide applicators. Pesticide applicators were directed to our <a href="http://www.managenvpests.info/">www.manageNVpests.info </a>website for further educational materials. Survey results indicate that participants were satisfied with the responsiveness of the program to their needs and indicated that they plan to integrate aspects of IPM discussed at the trainings into their pest management program.  *IPM Implementation in Agronomic Crops Agronomic crops are an important part of local economies in rural Nevada. Producers faced major challenges during this funding cycle due to severe drought conditions which stressed crops and make proper pest management programs more critical. The program instructors responded to this need by completing 18 workshops, presentations and classes across Nevada focused on crop management during drought conditions, including the role of IPM programs in a comprehensive drought management program. The events were attended by 489 individuals and evaluation surveys completed indicated increased knowledge gains and willingness to implement recommended practices. A program for beekeepers was started and workshops on IPM of bee pests were created and presented with 78 attendees. Literature is being developed for beekeepers and a beginning beekeeping course, with 44 attendees, was added to the "Grow Your Own" workshops a series of educational workshops to train small scale producers.  *IPM in Recreational Lands The recreational lands programs continued to offer educational trainings that are necessary for proper weed management on recreational lands that cover more than 80% of Nevada. Programing was offered statewide and in collaboration with Bureau of Land Management, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Nevada Department of Wildlife, U.S. Forest service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Pesticide Application Continuing Education credits were available during 5 major meetings of pest management professionals. A biological control publication that was updated during the previous funding cycle was published online and was presented in 3 workshops with 93 participants. We partnered with Nevada Department of Agriculture to create training for the weed mapping program EDDmapS as a continuation of the Early Detection and Rapid Response program developed in previous funding cycles. A fact sheet was published and 3 workshops were completed that discussed the advantages of using the software with 158 people attending. Our program responded to hundreds of requests for identification of weeds or insects and management information requests. A total of four workshops classes or presentations related to IPM on recreational lands were completed with 238 attendees. In addition, we surveyed all self-identified stakeholders using an online survey and post training surveys and will use the results to inform continuing educational efforts.   ***New Mexico   **On-going annual activities of the New Mexico IPM program:   *Training in the general principles of IPM to approx. 350 Master Gardeners, approx. 200 certified pesticide applicators and approx. 150 school facilities managers. Additional training events address more specific concerns (e.g. management of pests associated with New Mexico fruit and vegetable crops (approx. 250 clients annually) and pest management in organic production systems (approx. 450 clients annually).   *Training in general entomology, plant pathology and weed management is also provided to several hundred Master Gardeners, pesticide applicators and the general public at various events throughout the year. Funding from the E-IPM program administered by USDA-NIFA helps support these events.   *The NMSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic provides diagnostic services that address plant pathogens, environmental stresses, insects, and weeds. Basic management recommendations are also provided, focusing on appropriate integrated control strategies. Clients include Extension personnel, crop consultants, conventional and organic farmers, retailers, landscape professionals, golf course managers, researchers, government agencies, and homeowners. More than 1000 insect samples and plant diseases/disorders are processed annually, as well as approx. 60-70 weed samples.   **Special projects conducted by the New Mexico IPM program in response to emerging issues:   *Monitoring and documentation of the spread of four species of Diorhabda beetles that have attacked salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima) in different parts of New Mexico.   *Monitoring and documentation of the spread of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) (SWD), which was first discovered in central New Mexico in August, 2013. In 2014, its presence was confirmed as far north as Rio Arriba County (near Santa Fe). A new research project to address the management of this pest in small-scale berry production systems was initiated in 2014.   *Monitoring and documentation of the spread of the exotic invasive stink bug, Bagrada hilaris, which was found for the first time in southern New Mexico in 2010 and which has since spread north and eastwards within the state. This seems to be becoming a more serious pest in New Mexico, especially in the south, where adults may be found at all times of the year. An on-going research program is in place to address the management of this pest in organic production systems.   *An active program of outreach and extension on pollinator protection and conservation, addressing the needs of both native bees and honeybees.    ***Utah  **Program Overview   The overarching goal of the Utah IPM Program at Utah State University is to increase the use of sustainable pest management practices in schools and on agricultural and urban lands in ways that provide economic benefit and human and environmental protection. The program works in three core areas: IPM in Communities (landscape horticulture), IPM in Specialty Crops (fruits and vegetables) and IPM in Schools, addressing IPM needs through research and outreach programs.   **Impacts and Accomplishments Achieved Under WERA-1017 Objectives   *Increase participants’ skills, knowledge, and awareness of regional/national IPM issues, systems, and strategies. The Utah IPM Program personnel improved their skills, knowledge, and awareness of regional and national IPM issues and resources through participation in annual WERA-1017 meetings, application to regional (Western IPM Center) and national (USDA NIFA CPPM, AFRI, and SCRI) grant programs, and as team members of multi-state collaborative activities. The Utah IPM Program delivered 22 pest advisory newsletters that highlighted current pest activity and IPM treatment options for fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants to a subscriber base of 7,500 unique individuals (up 25% from 2013). The Program also maintains an online decision aid tool called Utah TRAPs (Timing Resource and Alert for Pests, climate.usurf.usu.edu/traps). In fall 2014, a companion app for the TRAPs website was released. Subscribers of the advisories and users of the TRAPs tools were surveyed in fall 2014, with an 18% response rate. The majority of the respondents (87%) use TRAPs and the advisories as their main source of pest management information, and 100% plan to continue using them. Most (61%) considered themselves "Low IPM" practitioners, while 21% considered themselves "Medium IPM", and 4% "High IPM". Two years ago, 59% of those that ranked themselves as Medium or High would have ranked themselves lower. Also in the last 2 years, 42% have switched to softer pesticides, 50% apply a dormant spray, 44% have stopped using broad spectrum products, and 6% have implemented mating disruption.   *In spring 2014, a comprehensive vegetable guide was published, written by 8 USU authors representing 4 disciplines. It contains 7 chapters and focuses on onion, sweet corn, and solanaceous crops (<a href="http://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/htm/vegetables">utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/htm/vegetables</a>). The guide was distributed to 350 growers.  *The Utah IPM Program coordinated and conducted 4 applied research projects in 2014. Results of applied research have led to increases in IPM practices, cost savings, and/or reductions in pesticide use.   **Enhance collaboration, sharing of ideas, and hence creations of regional outputs. Utah State University, Colorado State University, and University of Idaho have collaborated since 2012 to write and maintain the Intermountain Tree Fruit Production Guide and companion website, <a href="http://intermountainfruit.org/">intermountainfruit.org</a>. In 2014, the guide was updated for the 2015 season. The guide is unique in that it presents reduced risk/organic products separate from conventional, and focuses on monitoring, cultural practices and using thresholds. Many users of the guide (48%) choose the “organic/reduced risk” pesticide recommendations, and 72% said they are more likely to adopt recommended IPM practices.  Another collaborative effort is in school IPM. The focus of the activities in 2014—many times in collaboration with Colorado State University faculty—were to help Utah schools transition to IPM to meet the new IPM in schools state law. IPM implementation workshops trained more than 210 school personnel and applicators in 90% of public school districts and 38% of charter schools. In addition, 58 Utah Department of Health inspectors in 11 of the 12 districts received instruction on enforcing the IPM law. This intense training effort has helped a majority of Utah schools to adopt and implement sound IPM plans.  **Improve coordination of IPM programs that address on-going, emerging, and other critical pest and related environmental issues.  The USU IPM Program has participated in the Western Region Small Farms-IPM Working Group since 2010. The overall aim of the group was to develop a regional network of effective small farm-IPM teams to better serve the diverse small-scale producers in each of the six member states. We conducted initial needs assessments and implemented on-farm IPM pilot projects and training programs. We found that reaching small-acreage producers was more challenging due to their high diversity of crops, livestock, and demographics; ‘hands-on’ participatory activities were more effective in reaching these diverse audiences; formation of small-acreage producer organizations in each state would improve contact; and a major constraint to small-acreage producers is lack of suitable pest management products in appropriate pack sizes (e.g., organic/low-risk chemicals, pheromone dispensers, pH buffers, etc.).  USU IPM Program personnel participated in the Western Region Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) Planning Grant funded by USDA NIFA SCRI. Oregon State University is the lead institution with participants from CA, ID, OR, UT, and WA. Activities included state stakeholder needs assessments (surveys and roundtable discussions) and a planning meeting to be held in Portland, OR in April 2015 to educate representative state stakeholders on research progress and gather input to direct the development of a western region BMSB research and extension SCRI grant proposal.    ***Washington   ACCOMPLISHMENTS **Completed data collection and analysis on a survey of pest management practices in hop. Publication completed. **Completed data collection, analysis, and publication of results of the first comprehensive fly and external parasite management survey in Washington Dairy Cattle. **Completed a revision of a Pest Management Strategic Plan for Pacific Northwest Hops. **Received a grant from the WRIPM Center to update and nationalize the Field Guide for IPM in Hops. **Completed data collection, analysis, and publication of results of the pest management survey for Washington State Hops. **Continued research and extension took place in protecting beneficial arthropods including predatory mites and pollinators. **A cold-hardiness model and site selection decision support tool were developed for Washington State wine grapes and communicated to stakeholders including grape growers and the scientific community. **Received a $3.8 million USDA-SCRI grant, Reducing the Impact of Industry-Critical Insect and Disease Problems in Hop through Development of Preventive and Predictive Strategies. **Received a $157,000 grant from the USDA Alfalfa Forage Research Program, Implementing Lygus Management Strategies in Alfalfa Seed Production. **Initiated collaboration with a small grains specialist (Drew Lyon) on our CPPM-EIP (formerly EIPM) team, strengthening our state’s agronomic crops outreach. **Discontinued collaboration with livestock specialist Holly Ferguson. Continued collaboration with tree fruit specialist Elizabeth Beers, urban IPM specialist Carrie Foss, viticulture specialist Michelle Moyer, cranberry and shellfish specialist Kim Patten, and vegetable/seed crop specialist Timothy Waters on our CPPM-EIP team. **Released the Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Pacific Northwest Vineyards: Pocket Version, in combined English and Spanish, as a companion to the full-sized Field Guide released in June 2013. **Conducted a series of stakeholder input sessions for the market-driven Washington State Juice Grape Sustainability Report Card, resulting in a document currently under final pre-press review. **Maintained and expended the popular Hortsense and Pestsense urban IPM websites, with 30 new fact sheets added in the first half of 2014. **Continued collaboration with numerous school districts on IPM implementation. **Continued conducting pesticide applicator training statewide. **In a joint project with Colorado State University’s School IPM Program, WSU’s School IPM team designed “A Classroom InPESTigation” IPM curriculum for 3rd-5th graders. **Initiated a Bed Bug Insecticide Resistance project with West Coast Professional Pesticide Applicators.

Publications

WERA1017 PUBLICATIONS   Refereed Journal Articles and Book Chapters   Asiimwe P., S.E. Naranjo, P.C. Ellsworth. 2014. Effects of Irrigation Levels on Interactions Among Lygus hesperus Hemiptera: Miridae Insecticides and Predators in Cotton. Environmental Entomology. Vol. 43 No. 2, 263-273. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN12328 Bag, S., Schwartz, H. F., Cramer, C. S., Havey, M. J., Pappu, H. R. (2014). Pathogen Profile - Iris yellow spot virus (Tospovirus: Bunyaviridae): from obscurity to research priority. Molecular Plant Pathology. Barroso, J., Z. Miller, E. Lehnhoff, P. Hatfield, and F. Menalled. Accepted with minor revisions.  Impacts of cropping system and management practices on the assembly of weed communities.  Weed Research. Beck, K. G. (2014). Invasive Species: Herbicides Can Facilitate a Positive Outcome for Invasive and Endangered Species Interactions. Outlooks on Pest Management, 25(5), 316-319. Beers, E. H., and R. A. Schmidt. 2014. Impacts of orchard pesticides on Galendromus occidentalis: Lethal and sublethal effects. Crop Prot. 56: 16-24. Bethke, J.A, J. N. Kabashima, J. P. Newman, K. Robb, and C. Wilen. 2014.  Insects, Mites, and Other Invertebrate Pests. Chapter 14 in Container Nursery Production and Business Management Manual. Editor Julie P. Newman.  Bibbs C., S.E. Bengston, D.H. Gouge. 2014. Activity Trends and Movement Distances in the ArizonaBark Scorpion Scorpiones: Buthidae., Environmental Entomology.. Vol. 43 No. 6, 16131620. Boateng, C. O., H. M., Otto, K., Schwartz, H. F. (2014). Evaluation of onion germplasm for resistance to Iris yellow spot virus and/or onion thrips (Thrips tabaci). Southwestern Entomologist, 39, 237-260. Braman S., B. Schwartz, W.W. Hanna, S. Nair. 2014. Evaluation of Chinese centipedegrasses and other turfgrass species and cultivars for potential resistance to two-lined spittlebug Prosapia bicincta Say. Journal of Entomological Science. Vol. 49 No. 2, 19. Braman S., P. Raymer, M. Harrison-Dunn, S. Nair. 2014. Antibiosis among selected Paspalum taxa to the fall armyworm Lepidoptera: Noctuidae., Journal of Entomological Science.. Vol. 49 No. 1, 1120. Burrows, M., L. Neuman, L. Skoglund. 2014. Evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for management of Ascochyta blight in lentil, 2012. Plant Disease Management Reports. 8:ST005. Busi, R., Gaines, T., Vila-Aiub, M. M., Powles, S. B. (2014). Inheritance of evolved resistance to a novel herbicide (pyroxasulfone). Plant Science, 217, 127-134. Cariveau, D. P., Norton, A. P. (2014). Direct effects of a biocontrol agent are greater than indirect effects through flower visitors for the alien plant Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica: Scrophulariaceae). BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS, 16(9), 1951-1960. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC13362">Carrière Y., B.A. Degain, K.A. Hartfield, K.D. Nolte, S.E. Marsh, C. Ellers-Kirk, W.J. Van Leeuwen, P. Dutilleul, J.C. Palumbo. 2014. 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Zhang, J., Fanga, H., Zhoua, H., Sanogo, S. and Mac, Z. (2014) Genetics, breeding, and marker-assisted selection for Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. Crop Science 54: 1289-1303 Zhou, H., Fang, H., Sanogo, S., Hughs, S. E., Jones, D. C., and Zhang, J. (2014) Evaluation of Verticillium wilt resistance in commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines of cotton. Euphytica 196: 437-448     Extension Bulletins, Guides & Monographs and Blogs and Other Extension Publications   Archive: http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/vegetables/advisories/archive.html Asiimwe, P., L.M. Brown, T. Vandervoet, P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo. rev. 6/2014. Big-Eyed Bugs Have Big Appetite For Pests. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension IPM Short. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/GeocorisRatio.pdf   Bettiga, L., W. J. Bentley & L. G. Varela 2014. Grape Pest Management Manual. L. J. Bettiga (Ed.) 3rd ed. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Div. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 3343. Blecker, L., Paterson, J., Davison, J., Creech, E., and Schultz, B. 2014 Establishing Priority Weeds for Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) Education in Nevada. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Special Publication. SP-14-09 Brown L.M., A.M. Mostafa, T. Vandervoet, A.J. Fournier, P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo. 2014. Minute Bug with Enormous Impacts on Insect Pests. Field Crops IPM Short. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/OriusRatio.pdf Bunn, B., D. Alston, D. Drost, M. Murray, C. Nischwitz, T. Beddes, B. Hunter, M. Pace. 2014.  Utah Vegetable Production and Pest Management Guide.  USU Extension Publications.  Cranshaw, W. (2014). Lilac/Ash Borer: A Common Wood Borer of Colorado's Street Trees (no. 5.614 ed., pp. 3 pp.). Colorado State University Extension Fact Sheet. Cranshaw, W., Jacobi, W., Leatherman, D., Tisserat, N. (2014). Insects and Diseases of Woody Plants in Colorado (Bulleti 506A ed., pp. 322 pp.). Colorado State University Extension. Davis, R., Young, D. J. (2014). Carpet beetle: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Davis, R., Young, D. J. (2014). Mosquitoes: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Davis, R., Young, D. J. (2014). Pest monitor FAQs: management tools for a healthy learning environment. Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. Davis, R., Young, D. J. (2014). Springtails: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Davis, R., Young, D. J. (2014). Sticky traps: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Integrated Pest Management. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Ellsworth P.C. 2014. Whitefly Management & Prevention of Excess Sugars in Cotton. Webinar. Plant Management Network. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/edcenter/seminars/cotton/whiteflymanagement/] Ellsworth, P.C. & L. Brown. The Stink Bug Control Conundrum. Presented at the Desert Ag Conference, Chandler AZ. May 2014. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/presentations/2014/13BSB_WF_BC_preseason%20mtg.pdf Ellsworth, P.C. Making Sense of Genetically Modified Crops. Presented at the Arizona Highlands Garden Conference, Miami, AZ. November 2013. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/presentations/2013/13GMOsNTOsBt.pdf Ellsworth, P.C., T. Vandervoet, A. Mostafa, L.M. Brown, S.E. Naranjo. rev. 6/2014. Soft-bodied Collops likes Soft Bodies. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension IPM Short. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/CollopsRatio.pdf   Ferguson, H.J., S.D. O’Neal, K. Galvin, V.B. Vásquez, M. Yost, and D.B. Walsh. 2014. Survey of Pest Management Practices on Washington Dairy Farms. Journal of Extension. Goodell, PB. 2014. Blue Alfalfa Aphid Update. Alfalfa and Forage News (ANR Blog). March 10, 2014. Gouge D.H., S. Li, T. Stock, S. Bryks, C. Foss, A. Romero, D.J. Young, A. Code. 2014. Bed Bugs. Publication no. az1625 http://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1625.pdf Hara, AH., B.R. Kumashiro, R.Y. Ninno-DuPonte, S. K. Cabral, C. Martin, and J.A. Zarders. 2014. Palm Pest Alert: Coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/haraa/CRB%20brochure%2010_14.pdf Herbert Jr. A., K. Kamminga, S. Malone, T.P. Kuhar, E. Day, J. Greene, C.S.. Bundy, L.M. Brown, P.C. Ellsworth. 2014. Field Guide to Stink Bugs of Agricultural Importance in the United States. no. 2nd Extension Publication. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Publication no. VT/0914/444356/ENTO68 https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/444/444-356/444-356.html Joseph, S. V. 2014. Comparing alternative methods of insecticide application for cabbage maggot management in transplanted-broccoli. CAPCA Adviser. April. Vol. XVII, No. 2: 46-48. Joseph, S. V. 2014. Effects of delayed basal spray and seedling tray drench applications on cabbage maggot suppression in seeded broccoli. CAPCA Adviser. XVII, No.3: 38-40. Joseph, S. V. 2014. Efficacy of at-planting and basal applications of insecticides on cabbage maggot in seeded-broccoli. Newsletter- UCCE. Monterey County. January/February: 10-13. Joseph, S. V. 2014. Efficacy of insecticides for thrips management in leafy lettuce. CAPCA Adviser. April. Vol. XVII, no. 2: 38-40. Kratsch, H. 2014. Flowers at the Border Plant Native Flowers around your Yard to Attract Pollinators and other Beneficial Insects. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Special Publication 14-07 Li S., D.H. Gouge, S. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec, P.B. Baker. 2015. Poison Prevention and Pesticide Safety School and Home Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter March 2015. Newsletter. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2015MarchAZschoolandhomeIPMNewletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec. 2014. EPA Awarded Three Grants to Facilitate IPM in Schools School Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter April 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona. Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014AprilAZschoolIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec. 2014. Poison Prevention and IPM in Schools School Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter March 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014MarchAZSchoolIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec. 2014. Rabies School and Home Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter July 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014JulyAZSchool&HomeIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec. 2014. School Smart IPM and Avitrol Label Revisions School Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter May 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014MayAZschoolIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec. 2014. Start a new year with clutter control School Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter February 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014FebruaryAZSchoolIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec. 2014. The Scoop on Scorpions School and Home Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter June 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014JuneAZschoolIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S.. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec, P.B. Baker. 2014. Rodents: Get them out of your school house and yard I School and Home IPM Newsletter November 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014NovemberAZschool&homeIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S.. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec, P.B. Baker. 2014. Rodents: Get them out of your school house and yard II School and Home IPM Newsletter December 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014DecemberAZschool&homeIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., D.H. Gouge, S.. Nair, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker, K. Umeda, D.M. Kopec. 2015. Body Lice School and Home Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter February 2015. Newsletter. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2015FebruaryAZschool&homeIPMNewsletter.pdf Li S., S. Nair, D.M. Kopec, K. Umeda, D.H. Gouge, A.J. Fournier, U.K. Schuch, P.B. Baker. 2014. Healthy Turf for a Healthy Environment School and Home Integrated Pest Management IPM Newsletter August 2014. Newsletter. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/2014AugustAZSchoolandhomeIPMNewsletter.pdf Lyon, D. J., A. G. Hulting, and D. W. Morishita. 2014. Integrated management of feral rye in winter wheat. PNW660. Mccloskey W.B. 2014. Status of Herbicide Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Arizona. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/resources/Status%20of%20Herbicide%20Resistant%20Palmer%20Amaranth%20in%20Arizona_IPM%20Short%20July%202014.pdf Montana IPM: Fifty six AgAlerts (mtaglaert.org) received approximately 25,200 views (each alert ranged from 281-1,011 views, average 450 views/alert). These alerts are used for newsletters, radio, trade magazines, and distributed widely. Montana IPM: Grass Identification Basics Montana IPM: Japanese Beetle. Montguide MT201404AG 2014 Montana IPM: Montana Grass Identification mobile app Montana IPM: Twelve Noxious Weed Newsletters (electronic) Montana IPM: Two IPM newsletters Montana IPM: Weed Seedling Identification for Montana and the Northern Great Plains Mostafa, A., L.M. Brown, T. Vandervoet, P.C. Ellsworth, V. Barlow, S.E. Naranjo. rev. 6/2014. Untangling the Web…Spiders in Arizona Fields! University of Arizona Cooperative Extension IPM Short. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/CrabRatio.pdf   Moyer, M.M. and S.D. O’Neal. 2014. Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Pacific Northwest Vineyards: Pocket Version/Guía de Campo para el Manejo Integrado de Plagas en Viñedos del Noroeste del Pacífico: Versión de Bolsillo. Washington State University PNW Publication PNW 654. Moyer, M.M., D.M. Gadoury, W.F. Wilcox, and R.C. Seem. 2014. Release of Erysiphe necator ascospores and impact of early-season disease pressure on Vitis vinifera fruit infection. Am. J. of Enol. Vitic. 63(3). Murray, M. 2014. Peach Twig Borer Mating Disruption. USU Extension Fact Sheets ENT-172-14. 6 pp. Nair S., D.H. Gouge, M. Rust, S. Li, U.K. Schuch, A.J. Fournier, D.M. Kopec, K. Umeda, P.B. Baker, L.M. Brown, N. Duggal. 2015. Handbook on pests of community environments in the desert southwest United States. Book. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/Handbook.html Nair S., D.H. Gouge, S. Li, K. Umeda, A.J. Fournier, P.C. Ellsworth, U.K. Schuch, D.M. Kopec, P.B. Baker. 2014. Integrated Pest Management Works Inside and Outside School Buildings. Publication no. az1579. 278 pp. http://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1579-2014.pdf Palumbo J.C. 2014. Impact of Bagrada Bug Infestations on Desert Cole Crops. Vegetable IPM Update. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Vol. 5 No. 11 https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/resources/061114%20Bagrada%20Bug%20Survey_2014_Report.pdf Palumbo J.C. 2014. Insecticide Resistance Management For Beet Armyworm in Lettuce. Vegetable IPM Update, Vol. 5 No. 16. https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/resources/080614%20Pests%20at%20stand%20establishment_2014.pdf (Example: 15 additional 2014 Palumbo Extension publications this grant term released through Veg IPM Update, available at: http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/vegetables/advisories/archive.html#insect Palumbo J.C. 2014. Lettuce Insect Losses and Insecticide Use Summary 2004-2013. Vegetable IPM Update. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Vol. 5 No. 8 https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/resources/041614%20Lettuce%20Losses_Insecticide%20Usage%20Surveys_%209%20yr%20summary.pdf Paterson, J., Davison, J., and Knight, J. 2014 Biological Control Options for Invasive Weeds in Nevada.   University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Special Publication. SP-14-03 Paterson, J., M. Evans and J. Greer. 2014. Fighting Weeds with EDDMapS West in Nevada, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet FS 15-01 Patten, K.D., and C.H. Daniels. 2013. 2014 Cranberry Pest Management Guide. Washington State University Extension Bulletin 0845E. 16 pp. On-line at http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/eb0845e/eb0845e.pdf . Pena, M., J.C. Palumbo, M. Matheron, B. Tickes, K. Nolte. 2010 - 2014. Vegetable IPM Updates. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. (122 Biweekly IPM advisories including insect, disease and weed pest management updates posted since Jan 2010.) Latest Update: http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/vegetables/advisories/advisories.html Spears, L. 2014.  Emerald Ash Borer.  USU Extension Fact Sheets ENT-171-14. 4 pp. Steinitz, T., Wagner, K. M., Drost, D. T., Alston, D. G., Murray, M., Hunter, B., Nischwitz, C., Ramirez, R., Allen, N., Barnhill, J. V., Frame, D., Pace, M., Durward, C., Reeve, J., Jewkes, M., Heflebower, R. F. (2014). A Guide to Common Organic Gardening Questions. USU Extension (307 pp). Sutherland, A. April 2014.  IPM certification programs for urban pest management professionals. Pests in the Urban Landscape (ANR blog):http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=13134 and Green Bulletin April issue. Sutherland, A. March 2014.  What's the problem with neonicotinoids? Pests in the Urban Landscape (ANR blog):http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=13134 UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Almond. University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Oakland: UC ANR Publication 3431. 2014. UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Blueberry. University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Oakland: UC ANR Publication 3542. 2014. UC IPM Pest Notes: Bagrada Bug. University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Oakland: UC ANR Publication 74166. 2014. UC IPM Pest Notes: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Oakland: UC ANR Publication 74169. 2014. UC IPM Pest Notes: Leaffooted Bug. University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Oakland: UC ANR Publication 74168. 2014. UC IPM Pest Notes: Moth or Drain Flies. University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. Oakland: UC ANR Publication 74167. 2014. UC IPM publications, various UC authors UC IPM YouTube channel or http://ipm.ucanr.edu/IPMPROJECT/videolibrary.html; How to Trap Earwigs; How to Remove Dandelions; Español: ¿Qué hago si las hormigas invaden mi hogar?; Español: Cómo saber si tiene chinches de cama; Español: ¡Evite que los mosquitos se reproduzcan en su jardín!; Español: Protéjase de las picaduras de mosquitos; Español: Cómo atrapar caracoles y babosas; Español: Cómo aplicar cebos contra caracoles y babosas; Español: ¿Se comió mi planta este caracol? Español: Arañas communes en el jardín; Español: Cómo atrapar una araña; How to monitor for mites in peach and nectarine; How to monitor for shoot strikes in peach and nectarine; How to distinguish Phytophthora root and crown rot and bacterial canker; How to monitor for aphids in plum and prune Umea K. 2014. Postemergence herbicides for goosegrass control study. Western Society Of Weed Science Progress Report.  Publication no. ISSN00908142. pp. 20-21. http://www.wsweedscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/2014.pdf Umeda K. 2014. Comparison of postemergence herbicides for nutsedge control in turf. Western Society Of Weed Science Progress Report.  Publication no. ISSN00908142. pp. 24-25. http://www.wsweedscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/2014.pdf Umeda K. 2014. Nutsedge control in turf with sequential applications of sulfonylurea herbicides and sulfentrazone. Western Society Of Weed Science Progress Report.  Publication no. ISSN00908142. pp. 22-23. http://www.wsweedscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/2014.pdf Umeda K. 2014. Postemergence herbicide applications for Poa annua control on a bentgrass golf green. Western Society Of Weed Science Progress Report.  Publication no. ISSN00908142. pp. 18-19. http://www.wsweedscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/2014.pdf University of California Statewide IPM Program 2014. Green Bulletin Newsletter. Volume 4: 4.. University of California Statewide IPM Program. 2014. Green Bulletin Newsletter. Volume 4: 2. University of California Statewide IPM Program. 2014. Green Bulletin Newsletter. Volume 4: 3. University of California Statewide IPM Program. 2014. Retail Nursery and Garden IPM Newsletter. Volume 4: 1. University of California Statewide IPM Program. Quick Tips: Ants; Orugas Comehojas Notas Breves; Lady Beetles; Venado Notas Breves; Aphids; House Mouse; Keep Our Water Clean; Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot; Lawn Watering; Lawn Insects; Lawn Fertilizing; Spiders; Snails and Slugs; Spider Mites; Yellowjackets; Peach Leaf Curl; Malezas del Cesped Notas Breves; Cenicilla Notas Breves; Beneficial Predators; Deer; Earwigs; Powdery Mildew; Gophers; Chinches de Cama Notas Breves; Avispas Chaqueta Amarilla Notas Breves; Acaros Notas Breves; Caracoles y Babosas Notas Breves; Cochinillas Notas Breves; Escarabajos Descortezador Notas Breves; Los Trips Notas Breves; Parasitos de Insectos Plaga Nota Breves. 2014. University of California Statewide IPM Program.2014. Retail Nursery and Garden IPM Newsletter. Volume 4: 2. University of California Statewide IPM Program.2014. Retail Nursery and Garden IPM Newsletter. Volume 4: 3. Vandervoet, T., P.C. Ellsworth, L.M. Brown, S.E. Naranjo. 2014a. Making Whitefly & Natural Enemy Counts. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension IPM Short. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/PredatorToPreyRatios.pdf ; A Print and Fold version that can be trimmed to make a pocket guide is available also available: http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/PredatorToPreyRatiosPrint.pdf Vandervoet, T., P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo, A. Fournier, L.M. Brown. 2014b. Save Money the Easy Way with Biocontrol. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension IPM Short. URL: http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/cotton/files/BiocontrolAndSave.pdf Wilen, C. 2014. On line Weed Identification Tools. Proc. Soc. of America Florists 2014 Pest and Production Management Conference, San Diego.  Pp 15-17. Young, D. J. (2014). Annual IPM Report for Colorado, WERA 1017. National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Young, D. J. (2014). Aranas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Avispas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Cazadores Enmascarados: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Chince de cama: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Colorado IPM Center Website. College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University. ipm.agscie.colostate.edu Young, D. J. (2014). Colorado IPM You Tube Channel. Colorado IPM Center. www.youtube.com/user/SchoolIPMtraining Young, D. J. (2014). Cucarachas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Escabiosis: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Escarabajo de alfombra: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Garapatas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Head lice: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Healthy Colorado Schools Newsletter. CSU. http://ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-newsletter-december-2014/ Young, D. J. (2014). Hormigas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Moho y Molde: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Monitoreo de Plagas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Mosquitos: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Murcielagos: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Palomas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Pececillo de Plata: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Progress on School IPM Implementation in Colorado and Utah (Spring ed., vol. VIII). Logan, UT: Utah Pest News, Utah State University. Young, D. J. (2014). Raton domestico: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Scabies: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Silverfish: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J. (2014). Usando las Trampas Pegajosas: management tools for a healthy learning environment. CSU, Colorado Center for Sustainable IPM. ipm.agsci.colostate.edu/school-ipm-resources/ Young, D. J., Fournier, A., Tungate, S. (2014). Using interviews for assessing IPM outcomes and impacts. Western IPM Center. ucanr.edu/sites/McRoberts/   Reports   Anonymous 2014. Research-Based Integrated Pest Management IPM Programs Impact People Communities and the Economy of Arizona. University of Arizona, Arizona Pest Management Center. http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/APMC%20Impact%20narrativep1-4_4-29-14.pdf Ellsworth P.C., L.M. Brown, A.J. Fournier, W.A. Dixon II. 2014. Dicrotophos Use In Arizona. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/14EPADicrotophosUseinArizonavF.pdf Ferguson, H.J., S.D. O’Neal, D.B. Walsh. 2014. Fly Control News to Moo About: Survey of Pest Management Practices on Washington Dairy Farms. Report for the Washington State Dairy Federation, April 2014. 14 pp. Fournier A.J., P.C. Ellsworth, W.A. Dixon II. 2014. Acibenzolar Use in the Desert Southwest. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/Acibenzolar.pdf Fournier A.J., P.C. Ellsworth, W.A. Dixon II. 2014. Fenamidone Use in the Desert Southwest. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/Fenamidone_Use_in_Desert_Southwest.pdf Fournier A.J., P.C. Ellsworth, W.A. Dixon II. 2014. Imazalil Use in Arizona. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/Imazalil.pdf Fournier A.J., P.C. Ellsworth, W.A. Dixon II. 2014. Pyraclostrobin Use in the Desert Southwest. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/Pyraclostrobin_Response.pdf Fournier A.J., P.C. Ellsworth, W.A. Dixon II. 2014. Quinoxyfen Use in the Desert Southwest. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/Qunoxyfen.pdf Fournier A.J., P.C. Ellsworth, W.A. Dixon II. 2014. Thiophanatemethyl Use in the Desert Southwest. University of Arizona Arizona Pest Management Center. http://ag.arizona.edu/apmc/docs/Thiophanate_methyl_Use_in_Desert_Southwest.pdf Grasswitz, T. R. (2014). Greenhouse evaluation of two botanical insecticides for control of brassica-feeding stink bugs. Arthropod management tests/Entomological Society of America. www.entsoc.org/system/ Protected/ AMT/members_only/AMT38/E/E23.pdf Grasswitz, T. R. (2014). Greenhouse evaluation of two organically acceptable foliar insecticides for control of Bagrada bug. Arthropod management tests/Entomological Society of America. //www.entsoc.org/system/ Protected/AMT/members_only/AMT38/E/E11.pdf, Hansen, N. C., Sherrod, L., Peterson, G. A., Westfall, D. G., Peairs, F. B., Poss, D., Shaver, T., Larson, K., Thompson, D., Ahuja, L. Sustainable dryland agroecosystems management. (vol. TB-13-02, pp. 94). Fort Collins, CO: AES. Heuberger, A. L., Robison, F. M., Prenni, J. E., Schwartz, H. F., Brick, M. A. (2014). Changes in primary and secondary metabolism associated with tolerance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dry bean (vol. 57, pp. 59-60). Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop.. Johnson, J. J., Haley, S. D., Sauer, S. M., Larson, K., Bartolo, M. E., Davidson, J. W., Peairs, F. B., Tisserat, N. A., Westra, P., Davis, J. G., Novak, R. A., Vigil, M., Mostek, G., Bosley, B., Meyer, R., Trujillo, W., Irell, B. Making better decisions: 2012 Colorado wheat variety performance trials. (vol. TR13-4, pp. 51). Fort Collins, CO: AES. McDaniel, K., Duncan, K., and Graham, D. (2014) Locoweed control: aerial application or ground broadcast. NMSU Extension publication B-823. 2 pp. Patten, K. 2014. The Impacts of Nonnative Japanese Eelgrass (Zostera japonica) on Commercial Shellfish Production in Willapa Bay, WA. Agricultural Sciences. Published Online. SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/as. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2014. Peairs, F. B., Hansen, N. C., Poss, D., Westfall, D. G., Peterson, G. A., Herman, J., Shaver, T., Randolph, T. L., Rudolph, J. B. Agronomic & entomological results from 7 years of dryland cropping systems research at Briggsdale, Colorado. (vol. TB-13-01, pp. 34). Fort Collins, CO: AES. Peairs, F. B., Rudolph, J. B., Randolph, T. L. (2014). 2013 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. (vol. TR14-07, pp. 37). Fort Collins, CO: Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. webdoc.agsci.colostate.edu/aes/AES/pubs/pdf/TR14-7.pdf Peairs, F. B., Rudolph, J. B., Randolph, T. L. 2012 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. (vol. TR13-11, pp. 39). Fort Collins, CO: AES. Schwartz, H. F., Brick, M. A., Ogg, J. B., McMillan, M. S. (2014). Enhancement of dry bean production by soil ripping and irrigation interval (vol. 57, pp. 149-150). Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. Schwartz, H. F., Otto, K., Viteri, D. M., Debouck, D. G., Singh, S. P. (2014). Response of six wild Phaseolus costaricensis accessions to seven bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases of common bean (vol. 57, pp. 241-242). Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. Singh, S. P., Schwartz, H. F., Steadman, J. R. (2014). A new scale for white mold disease rating for the common bean cut-stem method of inoculation in the greenhouse (vol. 57, pp. 231-232). Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop.   Popular Press & Trade Anonymous 2014. Events: Field Crop New Technologies Workshop. Western Farm Press. http://westernfarmpress.com/arizona-field-crop-new-technologies-workshop-june-5-maricopa Anonymous 2014. Managing bed bugs without harmful pesticides. The Northwest Center for Alternatives to Pesticides. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQ1l2I2duD8  : http://ipmwest.blogspot.com/2014/04/new-video-shows-how-to-manage-bed-bugs.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IpmWest+%28IPM+West%29 Anonymous 2014. PESPWire article: EPA Awards School Integrated Pest Management Grants. US EPA. http://www.epa.gov/pestwise/news/pesp/pespwire-2014-04.pdf#page=1 Anonymous 2014. UA Pest Control Experts to Create Nationwide Guidelines for Schools. http://uanews.org/story/ua-pest-control-experts-to-create-nationwide-guidelines-for-schools Asiimwe P., L.M. Brown, T. Vandervoet, P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo, C.. Blake. 2014. Bigeyed Bugs have Large Appetite for Pests. Western Farm Press. http://westernfarmpress.com/cotton/big-eyed-bugs-have-large-appetite-pests Baker P.B. 2014. Termites on STEM Journals TV show on Cox Channel 7 Arizona. Cox Channel 7 Arizona. http://www.cox7.com/stem-journals/termite-home-invasion Blake C. 2014. Ag Meteorologist Predicts Wet Monsoon Winter in West. Western Farm Press. http://westernfarmpress.com/cotton/ag-meteorologist-predicts-wet-monsoon-winter-west?NL=WFP-01&Issue=WFP-01_20140521_WFP-01_668&YM_RID=rbheiden@aol.com&YM_MID=1467164&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1 Blake C. 2014. Digital imagery speeds up insect identification for PCAs. Western Farm Press. http://westernfarmpress.com/vegetables/digital-imagery-speeds-insect-identification-pcas?page=1 Blake C. 2014. Glyphosate resistant Palmer amaranth confirmed in Marana Arizona. Western Farm Press. http://m.westernfarmpress.com/miscellaneous/glyphosate-resistant-palmer-amaranth-confirmed-marana-ariz?eid=forward Brown L.M., A.M. Mostafa, T. Vandervoet, A.J. Fournier, P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo, C. Blake. 2014. IPM Short: Minute pirate bug good predator in cotton. Online Newspaper. Western Farm Press. http://westernfarmpress.com/cotton/ipm-short-minute-pirate-bug-good-predator-cotton?NL=WFP-01&Issue=WFP-01_20140807_WFP-01_361&YM_RID=peterell@ag.arizona.edu&YM_MID=1480379&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_2 Elliot S. 2014. Pest Loss Survey in Cotton Quantifies IPM the Benefits IPM Brings to Growers. Western IPM Center. http://ipmwest.blogspot.com/2014/01/pest-loss-survey-in-cotton-quantifies.html Gouge D.H. 2014. School Smart IPM: The Sensible Way to Work the Bugs Out. National Parent Teacher Association. http://onevoice.pta.org/?p=4231 Gouge D.H., A.J. Fournier, S. Nair, P.C. Ellsworth, S. Li, K. Umeda. 2014. UA News Media Advisory: UA Pest Control Experts to Create Nationwide Guidelines for Schools. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. http://uanews.org/story/ua-pest-control-experts-to-create-nationwide-guidelines-for-schools Grasswitz, T. R. (2014). A new pest for New Mexico fruit growers: spotted wing drosophila. Co-op Connections: Newsletter of La Montanita Co-op http://issuu.com/lamontanitacoop/ docs/2014-07-ccn. p 15. July, 2014. Grasswitz, T. R. (2014). Spotted wing drosophila: update from the front lines. Fertile Ground: Newsletter of the NMDA Organic Program. September, 2014. Hara,A., R. Niino-DuPonte, and S. Cabral. 2014. Best management practices to prevent and control the little fire ant. Landscape Hawaii May/June: 22-22. Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI. Palumbo J.C. 2014. Impact of the Bagrada Bug on Desert Cole Crops: A 20102013 Survey of PCA and Growers. Vegetables West Vol 18 No 1: 18-20. Ruelas R. 2014. GMO debate injects emotion into food science. The Arizona Republic. AZ Central website. http://www.azcentral.com/story/life/food/2014/06/27/gmo-debate-injects-emotion-food-science/11570903/ Staff, Western Farm Press. 2014. "Focus on Cotton" Webcasts Address Sticky Cotton Cures. Western Farm Press. http://westernfarmpress.com/cotton/focus-cotton-webcasts-address-sticky-cotton-cures Taylor O. 2014. Ag Fax West 5/19: Worms on the Early Side. Ag Fax West. Ag Fax Media, LLC. http://agfax.com/mitefax/2014/05192014-mf-web.htm Western Farm Press Staff.  2011 - 2014. (Palumbo, J., M. Matheron, B.Tickes and M. Pena, contributors).  Arizona Veg IPM Updates (featured bi-weekly). Western Farm Press. http://westernfarmpress.com/vegetables. Over 70 updates Veg IPM Updates featured in WFP from 6/1/11 - 6/30/12.     Abstracts / Conference Papers and Presentations / Proceedings   Brown L.M., T. Vandervoet, P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo, A.J. Fournier. 2014. Facilitating Adoption of Conservation Biological Control in Cotton IPM. Entomology Society of America Pacific Branch Meeting, Tucson, AZ. April 07, 2014. (Poster) Ellsworth P.C., A.J. Fournier. 2014. Gaming the landscape: cultural control farmer learning and group adoption. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Entomology Society of America Pacific Branch Meeting, Tucson, AZ. April 08, 2014. (Presentation) Ellsworth, P.C. Making Sense of Genetically Modified Crops. Presented at the Arizona Highlands Garden Conference, Miami, AZ. November 2013. http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/presentations/2013/13GMOsNTOsBt.pdf Fournier A.J., W.A. Dixon II, P.C. Ellsworth, J.C. Palumbo, J. Peterson, G. Christian, D. Hall. 2014. IPM Trends: Two Decades of Arizona Pesticide Use Data. Entomology Society of America Pacific Branch Meeting, Tucson, AZ. April 08, 2014. (Presentation) Gouge, D.H. 2014. Edutainment: Education With a Smile. Entomology Society of America Pacific Branch Meeting, Tucson, AZ. April 08, 2014. (Presentation) Guzy M., W.A. Dixon II, A.J. Fournier, P. Jepson, P.C. Ellsworth. 2014. Historical Pesticide Use and Risk in AZ Lettuce. Integrated Plant Protection Center Oregon State University. ESA Pacific Branch Meeting, Tucson, AZ. April 08, 2014. (Presentation) Johnson, J. J., Hain, J. P., Sauer, S. M., Larson, K., Jahn, C. E., Turner, M., Bartolo, M. E., Davidson, J. W., Brick, M. A., Schwartz, H. F., Vigil, M., Meyer, R., Jewell, K. S. (2014). 2013 Colorado Spring Crop Variety Performance Trial Results. High Plains Journal. Li S., D.H. Gouge, A.J. Fournier, S. Nair. 2014. Assessment of Bed Bug Impacts and Practical Methods of Controlling Bed Bugs at Home. College of Agriculture and Life Science University of Arizona. CALS Annual Research Poster Forum, Tucson, AZ. November 10, 2014. (Poster) http://research.cals.arizona.edu/content/assessment-bed-bug-impacts-and-practical-methods-controlling-bed-bugs-home Mostafa A.M., P.C. Ellsworth, J.R. Hagler, S.E. Naranjo, S.Machtley. A. 2014. Fieldscale movement of pest and beneficial insects in cotton. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Entomological Society of America Pacific Branch Meeting, Tucson, AZ. April 08, 2014. (Presentation) Vandervoet, T., P.C. Ellsworth, S.E. Naranjo. 2014. Integrating Natural Enemies into the Management of Whiteflies in Cotton. Arizona Pest Management Center, University of Arizona. Entomological Society of America Pacific Branch Meeting, Tucson, AZ. April 7, 2014. (Oral presentation) Young, D. J. (2014). Pest problems and human health in schools. Colorado Environmental Health Association Newsletter. Young, D. J. (2014). Summertime means deep cleaning; why go green? (5th ed., vol. 13). Texas A & M AgriLife Extension. School IPM Newsletter.

Impact Statements

Washington -- Wine grape growers have additional tools and knowledge regarding vineyard site selection and cold hardiness of their perennial vines and are employing these tools to decrease economic risk.

Date of Annual Report: 01/01/1970

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/07/2016 - 07/08/2016
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2015 - 09/30/2016

Participants

Participants Attachment:

1017 2016 Participants.pdf

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

1017 Minutes_full state reports.pdf

Accomplishments

Below are highlights of accomplishments drawn from individual state reports. State Reports in their entirety are in the attached file in the minutes section.   Program Outcomes Summary (AZ): Across all IPM program areas, we reached over 9,000 participants at 43 Cooperative Extension meetings and at industry conferences and university events, delivering 139.5 AZ CEUs, 57 CA CEUs, 11 Certified Crop Advisor CEUs and 49 CEUs from Office of Pest Management for urban pest management. These included several field days and research demonstrations for agricultural crops, pesticide safety, turf and school IPM.   Bed bug IPM California and Montana reported on programs to manage bed bugs. Arizona has bed bug IPM programs included in other community/school programs. Activity: Capturing the ABCs of Bed Bug Management: Bed bug management is especially challenging in low-income multi-unit housing (MUH) situations. (CA) Outputs: <ul> <li>IPM Advisor Andrew Sutherland and several western urban entomologists and extension specialists formed a working group with funding provided by USDA’s Western Integrated Pest Management Center.</li> <li>An online survey was developed and distributed to pest management professionals (PMPs) to assess their current bed bug management practices, the most challenging aspects associated with bed bug management in MUHs, and the self-reported needs of the industry that may improve</li> <li>bug management outcomes in these environments.</li> <li>2 publications (also in publications list) <ul> <li>Sutherland, A. M., D. Choe, V. Lewis, D. Young, A. Romero, H. Spafford and D. Gouge 2015. Survey sheds light on bed bugs in multi-unit housing. Pest Control Technology, September.</li> <li>Campbell, K., A. Sutherland, V. Lewis and D. Choe. 2015 California multi-unit housing managers answer bed bug survey. California Apartment Manager.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Activity: Bed Bug workshops (MT)   Outputs: Two workshops on Bed bugs with 110 participants were presented during the reporting period.   Short-term Outcomes: A post-workshop online survey of participants at one of the workshops was administered two weeks following the workshop with a 44% response rate. Participants were most confident in their awareness of resources to help with bed bug infestation (4.53 on a 5.00 Likert scale). They were least confident in their ability to treat bed bugs (3.85) Participants were generally confident in their ability identify a bed bug (4.15), what steps to follow if they find a bed bug (4.41) and how to identify bed bug damage and infestation (4.41). Participants were less enthusiastic about further training on bed bug detection (3.41) perhaps because it was covered thoroughly in this workshop.   Landscape and Community IPM Most states reported programs addressing IPM for pests found in the landscape or other non-crop areas. These included projects for noxious weeds, entomology training (including mosquitoes as disease vectors), community gardens, honeybees, training Master Gardeners, and structural pests.   Activity: Checklist Guides Pest Management Activities (CA) At least half the pesticides used in California are applied in urban or residential areas, targeting pests that infest landscape plants and other outdoor areas. Landscape professionals and gardeners who manage outdoor pests and problems often don’t know what problems to anticipate and things to look for from season to season. Associate Director for Urban and Community IPM, Karey Windbiel-Rojas, working with UC IPM Writer Steve Dreistadt, and a team of UCCE advisors, specialists, UC Master Gardeners, and other staff, helped create a regional and seasonal checklist to help landscape professionals and gardeners find pest-specific IPM information. Outputs: The seasonal landscape IPM checklist enables professionals and gardeners to identify pest-related activities to implement throughout the year. Users are able to subscribe to receive monthly email alerts for their region and download a PDF of their checklist. Activity: Salmon-Safe education and certification for public facilities (WA) Outputs: IPM training for facility pest managers conducted Short-term outcomes: <ul> <ul> <li>Two facilities received Salmon-Safe certification <ul> <li>Seattle Children’s Hospital</li> <li>Port of Seattle Seatac</li> </ul> </li> <li>One facility underwent pre-assessment <ul> <li>PacTrust/Hopworks Vancouver</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </ul>   Activity: Montana Noxious Weed Realtor Training Course (MT)   Outputs: The Montana Noxious Weed Realtor Training Course was launched in the fall of 2015 through the online platform Digital Chalkboard. This module–based program provides training on how to identify Montana noxious weeds and resources for treating them. Realtors receive continuing education credits for completing the course. To date 22 individuals have taken the course.   Short-term Outcomes: Results for participants completing the course through July 2016 indicate that 95% thought the course adequately addressed the topic of noxious weed identification and management. Sixty-four percent said that noxious weeds are a problem on the properties they list in Montana. All agreed that the course increased their knowledge, ability to inform clients of noxious weeds, and ability to recognize noxious weeds on the properties they list.   A Likert scale was used to collect the “Level of Awareness” about Montana noxious weeds from participants. Before taking the Montana Noxious Weed Realtor Training course participants’ average rating was 2.9 out of a 4 point scale. More specifically, 24% of participants reported to be “very aware” of noxious weeds prior to the training course, 57% “aware”, 5% “unaware”, and 14% “very unaware”. The above data indicates that around 75% of participants to date are reasonably aware of noxious weeds.   After taking the course levels of agreement were very high to the following statements: <ul> <li>I know where to direct clients for appropriate resources about noxious weed management. (80% strongly agree)</li> <li>I am more likely to inform clients about noxious weed issues on properties I list. (85% strongly agree)</li> <li>I am able to recognize noxious weeds on properties I list. (47% strongly agree)</li> <li>I am more informed about laws pertaining to noxious weeds. (79% strongly agree)</li> </ul>     Activity: Emerald Ash Borer workshops (MT)   Outputs: Six workshops administered across Montana with 82 participants   Short-term Outcomes: A level of agreement scale was used to collect information about participant confidence in identifying the EAB beetle, ability to identify symptoms of EAB infestations and understanding about treatment options. Participants were most confident in understanding treatment options for EAB (4.40 on a 5.00 Likert scale). They were least confident in their ability to identify EAB beetles (4.00). Participants were confident in their ability to identify symptoms of an EAB infestation (4.05), how to conduct destructive tree sampling to check for EAB (4.35) and understanding treatment options for EAB. (4.40).   Activity: Master Gardener training (MT)    Short-term Outcomes: A survey was sent to the list serve of Master Gardeners in the fall of 2015. There were 178 responses to the survey which asked about understanding and knowledge increases as a result of participation in the program. Before participating in the Master Gardener program participants’ average level of understanding from novice understanding (1) to expert understanding (5) about the topic is 2.08. After participating in the Master Gardener program the average level of understanding increases by 1.65 points for a 3.73 average rating.   Activity: Hortsense and Pestsense websites updates (WA) Outputs: <ul> <ul> <ul> <li>100 new images</li> <li>4 new fact sheets</li> </ul> </ul> </ul> Short-term Outcomes: Additional information available on common landscape, garden, and indoor pest problems   Activity: Systematic evaluation of traps and repellents for vespid wasps (CO) Evaluations were made of all available lures, trap designs and purported repellents for their effectiveness in managing pest vespids, particularly western yellowjacket (Polistes dominula) and the western yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica).   Activity: Survey of fruiting ornamental plants for use by spottedwinged drosophila (CO) A multiyear study was conducted to evaluate the relative use of commonly grown fruiting ornamental plants for their use by spottedwinged drosophila. In addition trapping of this insect has determined the seasonal activity of the adults.   Activity: Survey of pollen collected by honeybees along the Front Range (CO) Used to identify ornamental plants on which insecticide use would be of greatest concern.   Activity: Compared three hive designs for Front Range commercial and residential beekeepers (CO).   Activity: Presentations and workshops (CO) <ul> <li>20 presentations on landscape IPM, stinging insects, household invaders, fungal diseases of trees</li> <li>3 workshops for hardware store employees on household insects</li> <li>5 Vegetable Troubleshooting workshops conducted</li> <li>A 2-day, bilingual Vegetable University was presented to 14 promotoras who work with 400 backyard gardeners who grow food in metro Denver low income areas.</li> <li> </li> </ul> Outputs: See publications. Short-term Outcomes: Vegetable Troubleshooting workshop evaluations averaged 4.5 out of a possible 5.   Activity: IPM in Communities (UT) Activity Outputs and Short-term Outcomes: <ul> <li>Community gardens, small acreage farms, organic farms, municipal landscapes (UT) <ul> <li>15 presentations to community stakeholders</li> <li>Over 500 community stakeholders received training in IPM practices for small-scale farm and garden production</li> </ul> </li> <li>Collaboration with Utah Urban and Small Farms Conference, organized by USU Extension and multiple community partners; major funding comes from a USDA NRCS Risk Management Agency grant (UT) <ul> <li>The Utah IPM Program provides extensive input into conference planning and implementation; four IPM presentations were delivered in February 2016 reaching nearly 100 small acreage stakeholders</li> </ul> </li> <li>Interpretative IPM signage (UT) <ul> <li>Two interpretative IPM signs were deployed at key public garden facilities in 2016: Utah State University Botanical Center in Kaysville, and Wheeler Historic Farm in Salt Lake City</li> <li>Signs were positioned near gardens demonstrating IPM techniques</li> <li>Official visitation numbers are not available, but each site receives an estimated 50-100 visitors per weekend during the growing season</li> </ul> </li> <li>Raised bed demonstration and instruction conducted by an IPM mini-grant recipient (extension agent) funded jointly by USU IPM Program and Western Sustainable Agriculture and Education (WSARE) (UT) <ul> <li>Conducted hands-on workshops to teach raised-bed best management practices, including IPM, to 62 adults and youth</li> </ul> </li> </ul> IPM in Communities (AK) <ul> <li>Presentations to Garden Clubs, Farm Bureau, and Local/Regional Workshops</li> <li>Small acreage and larger farms</li> <li>4 presentations ranging from pasture management to garden management.</li> <li>Over 100 participants.</li> </ul>   Activity: Entomology Short Course (WY) Extension Entomology team: Alex Latchininsky and Scott Schell Organized and also presented at the 12th Annual Entomology Short Course on March 15-17, 2016 in Laramie for 22 attendees. The emphasis of the training was IPM for Wyoming Counties’ Weed & Pest district personnel. Although enrollment is open to the public the majority of the students are always from Wyoming’s 23 county Weed & Pest districts in Wyoming. These counties have an umbrella organization, the Wyoming Weed and Pest Council (to learn more about <a href="http://www.wyoweed.org/">http://www.wyoweed.org/</a>. Each county’s district is funded with a mill levy and have a supervisory board made up of citizens from that county. The Entomology Short Course attendees pay a fee to cover the costs of the course which is 16 hours long and is conducted over 3 days in March each year.   In an anonymous course evaluation given at the end of the training the students were asked if the course was a valuable use of their time and if they would recommend it to their colleagues. Out of 16 responses, the student’s average score for the course was 9.7 and 9.9 out of possible 10, respectively, for those two questions.   Short-term Outcomes: Basic insect identification is the heart of the training course and the students have to be able to identify to Order 10 unknown insect specimens using a dichotomous key by the end of the course. They are also provided with basic reference books as part of the course packet and shown where to find and how to use additional IPM based pest management tools.   Activity: Mosquito Larval Control and West Nile virus prevention workshop (WY) Extension Entomology team: Alex Latchininsky and Scott Schell Organized, promoted, and presented the 5th annual Mosquito Larval Control and West Nile virus prevention workshop in conjunction with City of Laramie Mosquito Control and the Wyoming Department of Agricultures’ Emergency Insect Management Grant (EIMG) program for mosquito abatement personnel on May 24-25, 2016 in Laramie for 25 attendees. This workshop is for employees of small Wyoming mosquito abatement districts, many of whom have no background in pest control or any form of biological science when hired to do their job. A small grant of $5,700 from the Wyoming Dept. of Agriculture funds the costs of the 12 contact hour course, including the hotel stays for the student travelling more than one hour one way to attend the course.   The students are given hands-on training on: <ul> <li>Basic mosquito biology and ecology</li> <li>Identification of mosquito larval habitat</li> <li>Sampling for larval mosquitos</li> <li>Selection and placement of mosquito surveillance traps</li> <li>Selection of control products</li> <li>Calibration of application equipmentThe workshop students also learn to identify mosquitoes from other insects and identification of common genera of larval and adult mosquitoes. In addition, the student learn the specific diagnostic characters of Wyoming’s primary vector of WNV, Culex tarsalis, in the laboratory and how to best preserve mosquito specimens for submission for virus detection with RAMP® testing equipment. The students have to successfully complete a 12 question mosquito identification exercise with actual specimens to be awarded their course certificates.In the course evaluation given at the end of the training the students are asked if the course was a valuable use of their time and if they would recommend it to their colleagues. Out of 23 responses, the student’s average score for the course was 9.3 and 9.1 out of 10, respectively, for those two questions.Short-term Outcomes:</li> <li>Provide basic training for mosquito abatement personnel to protect the health of Wyoming’s citizenry from West Nile virus using IPM.</li> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> </ul> Activity: Education of new stakeholder communities (Guam) Outputs: <ul> <ul> <li>Manned an all-day interactive display at the University of Guam (UOG) Charter Day March 2016. Subjects covered included plant disease plant pests and the use of a stereo microscope</li> <li>Handouts were made available on the following subjects: Plant Disease, and Plant Pests</li> <li>Students had the opportunity to use a sterile microscope</li> </ul> </ul> Short-term Outcomes: <ul> <ul> <li>Increased awareness of the 500 attendees of the interactive display</li> </ul> </ul>   Area Addressed: School IPM Arizona, Washington, Wyoming, and Utah reported specific programs where they coordinated, led, or developed programs for IPM directed towards schools. Other states reported IPM work that was extended for use by schools.   ACTIVITY: IPM education in schools (WA) <ul> <ul> <ul> <li>OUTPUTS: IPM Star curriculum taught to school pest control practitioners</li> </ul> </ul> </ul> <ul> <li>SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES: <ul> <li>4 WA school districts received IPM Star Certifications <ul> <li>Lake Washington</li> <li>Mukilteo</li> <li>Federal Way</li> <li>Kelso</li> </ul> </li> <li>Increased knowledge of IPM methodologies among school pest control practitioners</li> </ul> </li> </ul>     Activities & Outputs (AZ): The Community IPM Leadership Team directs program activities with the coordination of Dr. Shaku Nair. The team continued implementation of IPM pilot projects at 6 schools in 5 school districts. Through the Stop School Pests project funded by a US-EPA grant and leveraged through EIP, online training modules and a national certification program for IPM in Schools have been develop and posted online (<a href="http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/StopSchoolPests.html)">http://cals.arizona.edu/apmc/StopSchoolPests.html)</a>. Other major efforts include bed bug research and IPM implementation in public housing environments funded through a USDA-NIFA ARDP grant. Published several important Extension publications on topics including Zika Virus, Mosquito Identification and Management, Bats, and on new invasive pest Ficus Whitefly. Our monthly newsletter for School and Home IPM is widely distributed by several regional and state partners, reaching over 4,000 people monthly. Members of our team serve as technical advisors for EPA regional and EPA School IPM Center of Expertise staff, and collaborative school IPM orgs.   Outcomes: <ul> <li>Produced standardized curricula to train individuals in key school district job roles to achieve IPM performance objectives.</li> <li>More than 20 school IPM workshops/education events in Arizona (>9,000 K-12 students).</li> <li>Elderly and disabled low-income housing sites adopting IPM:</li> </ul> <ul> <li>78% reduction in German cockroach infested units based on visual inspection (preliminary estimate; final trap results in 6 weeks).</li> <li>81.6% reduction in bed bug infested units based on visual inspection; final trap results in 6 weeks.</li> <li>Based on conversations, residents and staff much happier.</li> <li>3 new housing staff.</li> <li>Pest management costs have increased significantly (amount to be determined in final analysis).Activity Outputs and Short-term Outcomes (UT):</li> <li> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>Assist with compliance for Utah’s “School Rule” mandate (UT)</li> <li>Pest ID Handbook (print and website) in collaboration with Colorado State University (UT)</li> <li>Hands-on IPM workshops (150 participants) in 4 public school districts (UT)</li> <li>On-site inspections of 3 schools within each district (UT)</li> <li>Targeted IPM plans to 8 schools (UT)</li> </ul>   Activity: IPM education in schools Wyoming School IPM Adoption Outreach (WY) School IPM Specialist: John Connett   The Wyoming School IPM outreach program promotes preventative practices and a systematic approach that reduces pesticide use while making pest control more effective and safer for occupants. School IPM training is now being included in Wyoming pesticide applicator training to improve knowledge of pest control operators to explore alternatives to pesticides. A major goal of the program, that has been achieved, is the improved communication and collaboration among Wyoming school districts, University of Wyoming Extension personnel and other partner organizations in Wyoming.   Training Activities and Presentations:   <ul> <li>Conducted School Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and pest prevention training workshops and seminars for school facilities operators, county and state employees, groundskeepers, and pesticide applicators</li> <li>Cooperated with national and regional IPM coordinators, Colorado IPM Coalition, WDA, and EPA to establish IPM in and around facilities.</li> <li>Wrote technical bulletins for IPM around schools pertaining to mice, bedbugs, turf management, filth flies that include only safe options that are focused on prevention</li> <li>Conducted integrated pest management inspections and evaluations of school facilities</li> <li>Contributed to the biannual Wind River Tribal Health Fair</li> <li>Assisted with IPM program grant writing and budgeting</li> <li>Redesigned and maintained robust website for Wyoming School IPM material</li> <li>Taught the use of PICOL (Pesticide Information Center Online) for schools</li> <li>Continued to develop chapters for a Wyoming School IPM Handbook</li> <li>Edited new training material for the core manual for Wyoming State Pesticide Applicators manual</li> <li>Provided phone and email IPM support for various school district, pest control contractor, and Wyoming health department personnel</li> <li>Vetted training materials for the "IPestManager" School IPM resource database</li> <li>Cooperating on a grant with Dawn Gouge University of Arizona and Janet Hurley of Texas A&M and will assist in developing national SIPM rodent control training if the grant is funded</li> <li>Participating in the School IPM 2020 Steering Committee and the Western School IPM Working Group</li> <li>Wyoming designate for the WERA1017 (Western Region Multi-state IPM team) meeting in Boise summer 2016</li> <li>Strategizing with Western School IPM Working Group to implement and assist with the statewide distance delivery in Wyoming of "Stop School Pests" - A National IPM Standard Training and Certificate Program for learning lessons for all school community stakeholder groups including: school administrators, facility managers, pest management professionals/school IPM coordinators, landscape and grounds staff, custodians, maintenance staff, nurses, food service staff and teachers</li> <li>Working with local school district personnel on ways to improve their IPM practices</li> <li>The ongoing mouse IPM program that we established in UW, College of Agriculture, Plant Science department has been successful and very well received for over one year</li> <li>Working with the Wyoming Athletics Landscaping and Facilities to develop an IPM program for their fields and areas adjacent to facilities including, safe, legal, cost saving, and sustainable solutions for weed and pest management</li> </ul>   Outputs: Most Wyoming school facility managers don't have offices with desk top computers. However most do have smart phones so making the information on the Wyoming school IPM web site completely compatible with those devices will be a priority for future improvement and development. See the Wyoming School IPM web site at: <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/wyschool_ipm/">http://www.uwyo.edu/wyschool_ipm/</a>   Appropriate forms for school districts to use for establishing verifiable IPM programs have been developed and are served electronically at: <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/wyschool_ipm/forms.html">http://www.uwyo.edu/wyschool_ipm/forms.html</a>   Short-term Outcomes: The people performing pest control for school districts in Wyoming who attended the presentations now understand that IPM practices are not onerous government imposed regulations that will make their life difficult. Instead, they now know that IPM can be a way to do their jobs better, with lower costs, and greater environmental safety.   Here are a sample of comments extracted from evaluations given after school IPM presentations:   “It’s really nice to have IPM training that applies to pest control around school facilities” - Gary Barker, Facilities and Maintenance Supervisor for Uinta County School District 1   “Make these school IPM classes longer to discuss details more in depth” Blake Davis, Mechanical Systems Supervisor   “The school IPM training really helps us do a better a better job while protecting students” Austen Eusek, Grounds Supervisor for a school district.   “IPM programs are an effective way to minimize pesticide exposure while improving health and safety in schools. The implementation of IPM as a management strategy is the safest and most effective approach because it minimizes pesticide use in schools" Dixie Thomas, Wyoming Department of Agriculture inspector     Area Addressed—Agricultural Production IPM   IPM Extension activities in this area were very diverse, reflecting the IPM issues and pests more specific to the individual states’ priorities and crops.   Activity: Chlorpyrifos Project Partnership Yields Trainings and New Decision-Support Tool (CA): Last year, Area IPM Advisor Pete Goodell and Project Coordinator Lori Berger convened industry leaders to create guidelines regarding chlorpyrifos use in their cropping systems. This year, Goodell and Berger developed extension tools and trainings. Outputs: <ul> <li>Seven trainings covered IPM in alfalfa, almond, citrus and cotton. Sessions led by local farm advisors included UC IPM, DPR, NRCS, and county agricultural commissioner offices and presented relevant IPM information and regulatory updates. “We’re very proud with how the trainings equip the user community with up-to-date information in light of current regulatory changes at local, state, and national levels,” says Berger.</li> <li>A new web-based decision-support tool was also featured (http://ipm.ucanr.edu/decisionsupport/)</li> </ul>   Activity: Comparison of methods for managing Townsend’s ground squirrel in crop lands conducted by an IPM mini-grant recipient (extension agent) funded jointly by USU IPM Program and Western Sustainable Agriculture and Education (WSARE) (UT) Short-term Impacts: <ul> <li>live bait-and-release showed that tube traps were most effective in reducing populations</li> <li>conducted ground squirrel management workshop and field day to 75 participants</li> <li>follow-up research will include improved timing of trap placement, cultural control activities, and use of biological control (owls, raptors)</li> </ul>   Activities & Outputs: Developed and deployed Chemical Use Maps for whitefly resistance management (AZ): We developed and deployed Chemical Use Maps for whitefly resistance management last summer, putting pesticide use maps for 6 modes of action into the hands of pest managers and conducting intense outreach on the “first principles” of resistance management. This effort is leveraged by USDA-NIFA-ARDP, Monsanto, the Specialty Crop Block Grant program and Cotton Inc.   Activities & Outputs: Research and outreach on the economics of brown stink bug management (AZ) Research and outreach on the economics of brown stink bug management continued this term, leveraged by a Western IPM Center grant. New research results from a cost-benefit analysis were presented to 180 pest control advisors and other ag industry participants at the 2016 Desert Ag Conference. The Third Annual New Technologies workshop covered topics such as precision application technologies, implementation of biological control measurements for adjusting control decisions for whiteflies in cotton, UAV for plant disease scouting, and Dicamba and 2,4-D resistant cotton.     ACTIVITY: Outreach to growers - Integrated weed management in small grains (wheat, barley) (WA) Short-term outcomes: <ul> <ul> <ul> <li>Documented ~1,000 growers received IPM information</li> <li>Increased knowledge of weed management in an IPM context</li> </ul> </ul> </ul>   Activity: Integrated pest management and pollinator protection in alfalfa grown for seed (WA) <ul> <ul> <ul> <li>Outreach to growers</li> <li>Managed Pollinator Protection Plan (“MP3”) initiated</li> </ul> </ul> </ul> Outputs: <ul> <ul> <ul> <li>4 presentations to Washington alfalfa seed growers</li> <li>1 presentation to Western Alfalfa Seed Growers at regional conference</li> <li>Reports presented to commodity groups</li> </ul> </ul> </ul> Short-term outcomes: <ul> <li>Increased knowledge of pollinator protection methods</li> </ul> <ul> <ul> <ul> <li>Increased understanding of Lygus (primary pest) biology and control</li> <li>Improved retention of pollinators</li> </ul> </ul> </ul> Activities: Real time monitoring of pests via a website (MT)   Outputs: The PestWeb (pestweb.montana.edu) system was used to track populations of the orange wheat blossom midge, alert growers to pest populations, and as a venue for education of growers for IPM for insect pests.   Short-term Outcomes: In the last year there have been 5176 sessions on the website with 17,407 page views. 73% are new visitors and the average length of time spent per page is 2 minutes.     Activities: Montana AgAlerts and Urban Alerts email alerts, text notifications, and Facebook page (MT)   Outputs: <ul> <li>Approximately 70 AgAlerts were issued during the year.</li> </ul>   <ul> <ul> <li>Text alerts were added to the Montana AgAlert system (mtagalert.org, 880 email, and 40 text subscribers) and Urban Alert (mturbanalert.org, 139 email, and 8 subscribers) system for those preferring text communication rather than email.</li> </ul> </ul> <ul> <li>A Facebook page for the Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory was started with almost 200 likes.</li> </ul>     Short-term Outcomes: <ul> <li>In the last year there have been 18,095 sessions on the AgAlert website with 42,620 page views with 38% new sessions.</li> <li>On the urban alert website, there were 3128 sessions with 4995 page views and 77% new visitors.</li> <li>Our Facebook page had a total reach of 14,650 on 43 posts this year.</li> </ul>     Activities: Presentations, TV appearances, workshops related to agronomic IPM (MT)   Outputs: 41 workshops/presentations with 2813 participants. Three appearances on “Montana AgLive” (TV show) which reached approximately 30,000 people. Three newspaper articles. One refereed journal publication.   Activity: Pest monitoring (CO) Outputs: <ul> <li>Pheromone traps were used to monitor field corn and sunflower insects pests</li> <li>Stripe rust monitoring and advisories throughout eastern Colorado</li> </ul>   Area Addressed – IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators   This area is distinct from Pesticide Safety Training (that area is covered below) in that it focuses on pest identification and management and sprayer calibration..   Activity: Pest Management Tour (MT)   Outputs: 304 people participated in the workshops given on the tour.   Short-term Outcomes: <ul> <li>Fifty surveys were received by participants with 100% indicating an increased level of knowledge about pest management as a result of their attendance.</li> <li>After the Pest Management educational event, 98% of the participants reported that they will utilize IPM practices in the future as a result of what they learned at the workshop.</li> <li>A Likert scale was used to collect the increase in the “Level of Knowledge” about pest management from participants as a result of attending the workshop. <ul> <li>All of the participants reported that the workshop increased their knowledge of pest management (e.g. increase of knowledge of pest management was reported to be 4% a little, 29% some, 65% quite a bit, and 2% extremely).</li> </ul> </li> <li>A Likert scale was used to collect the participants’ increase in confidence and ability to adopt IPM practices after attending the Pest Management workshops. <ul> <li>All of the participants reported that the workshop increased their confidence and ability to adopt pest management practices in the future (e.g. increase of confidence and ability to adopt IPM practices was reported to be 2% a little, 3% some, 63% quite a bit, and 2% extremely).</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Activity: Spray Calibration Kit Training (MT) A survey was developed to assess participant response to the training sessions titled: “Tips on Teaching Calibration to Farm Applicators and Using Technologies when using Calibration Sprayers” (presented by Cr. Cecil Tharp, MSU Pesticide Education Specialist) during the 2016 MSU PEP Update on April 22, 2016 in Bozeman, MT.   Outputs: other workshops on pesticide application including calibration kits       304 people participated in the workshops given on the tour.   Short-term Outcomes: A Likert scale was used to collect the “Level of Ability” to teach the concept of calibrating ground sprayers using shortcut methods from participants. Before taking the course the majority of participants’ average rating was 1, 2, or 3 out of a 5-point scale (i.e. 1= “poor” knowledge to 5 = “excellent” knowledge). The post survey revealed that the respondents’ ability to teach calibration improved to 3, 4, and 5 on the 5-point Likert scale. Applicators are for the most part fairly knowledgeable in the first place in regards to their understanding of calibrating ground sprayers. However, there was an improvement in their ability to teach calibration following this informative session (i.e. participants moved from “fair/mediocre” to “good and excellent” in regards to the Likert ability scale. 82% agreed that the workshop increased their knowledge of calibration; 71% agreed that this workshop increased their confidence in teaching others about sprayer calibration. 76% agreed that the workshop increased their understanding of hands-on training. 76% agreed that they are confident they can determine the amount of pesticide product to add to the spray tank. 77% agreed that they know how to test the uniformity of nozzles. 65% know what adjustments to make to fine tune the gallons per acre spray distribution.       Area Addressed: IPM in Specialty Crops (fruit, vegetable, nursery, nuts, coffee)   Activity: IPM Extension (AK) Outputs: <ul> <li>Small acreage and Larger Farms</li> <li>Providing Information based on community questions and individual requests</li> </ul>   Short-term outcome: reached over 100 individuals and provided information about identification and management of tree pests, home pests, garden and crop pests   Activity: Small Farms Demonstrate Innovative IPM Solutions (CA): Small farms face a different set of challenges than larger farm operations. Large-scale research and extension may not translate well to small farms. Small-scale farmers often have other off-farm jobs and they are not always familiar with CE. English may not be a small-scale farmer’s native language. Area IPM Advisor Cheryl Wilen partnered with IPM scientists in five other states as part of the western small-farm IPM working group. Funded by the USDA NIFA, the workgroup formed in 2010 to better serve small-scale growers and understand their needs. Wilen and UCCE Small Farms Advisor Ramiro Lobo focused on pitahaya, or dragon fruit, farming in southern California. Wilen and the other researchers on the project observed small-scale farmers creating innovative pest solutions. Wilen observed pitahaya farmers covering fruit with paint-filter bags to protect fruit from bird feeding. Outputs: Posters and presentation at the 8th International IPM Symposium (also in publications list) <ul> <li>Grasswitz, T., D. Alston, E. Bechinski, D. Drost, G. Ellen, E. Gomez, R. Lobo, M. Ostrom, D. Walsh, C. Wilen, C. Williams. 2015. IPM for urban and other small-scale farmers in the western US: Challenges and opportunities. Pp.47–48. 8th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium, Salt Lake City, UT.</li> <li>Grasswitz, T., E. Gomez, D. Alston, D. Drost, D. Walsh, M. Ostrom, E. Bechinski, C. Williams, G. Ellen, C. Wilen, R. Lobo. 2015. Outcomes of the Western Small Farm IPM Working Group: Constraints and prospects for IPM on small farms. 8th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium. P. 84. Salt Lake City, UT.</li> </ul>   Activity: Trap Modification Increases Usability for Gopher Management (CA): Trapping is a useful and effective tool for managing damaging pocket gophers. Methods to increase trapping effectiveness are in high demand. The Gophinator trap is more efficient than the Macabee trap, because it captures larger pocket gophers more effectively. However, the Macabee trap is still popular and widely used. Large stockpiles of these traps are held by land managers and pest control operators. With so many Macabee traps available, Affiliated IPM Advisor Niamh Quinn wanted to make these traps work better. Quinn and others from UCCE, the CSU system, and USFWS added a cable restraint to the front of the Macabee trap. Quinn found that the Gophinator trap was still the most effective option, even when compared to the modified Macabee trap. However, the modified Macabee trap did increase the capture of larger pocket gophers when compared to the standard Macabee. The unmodified Macabee trap was more effective against smaller gophers. Using gloves to mask human scent did not impact capture efficiency or visitation rate. Outputs: 1 publication (also in publications list) <ul> <li>Baldwin, R. A., A. Chapman, C. P. Kofron and N. Quinn. 2015. Refinement of a trapping method increase its utility for pocket gopher management. Crop Protection 77:176–180.</li> </ul>   Activity: Managing Scales and Botryosphaeria Cankers in Walnut (CA): Scale infestation in walnut orchards has increased in recent years. Possibilities for the increase include decreased parasitism, increased hyperparasitism (parasitism of the parasites), changes in cultural practices, and reductions in broad-spectrum insecticide use for other pests. Information is needed to develop a more detailed management approach. To further complicate matters, scale feeding is associated with an increase in Botryosphaeria infection, which can kill major branches in older trees. The increase in Botryosphaeria cankers has lowered the tolerance levels of scale in orchards. Area IPM Advisor Emily Symmes, Area IPM Advisor Kris Tollerup and others in UCCE are working to improve understanding of the scale species present in walnut orchards. Their research thus far has involved identifying the predominant scale species, tracking the life cycles, and evaluating parasitism rates of walnut scale as a possible cause for the recent increase in scale numbers. Outputs: 1 publication (also in publications list) <ul> <li>Symmes, E. 2015. Scale Pests of Walnut: Implementing IPM in a Changing Environment. CAPCA Adviser February Vol. XVIII, no. 6. pp. 38–42.</li> </ul>   Activity: IPM Advisories (free e-mail newsletters with advice on pest activity and IPM recommendations) (UT) <ul> <li>Fruits, Vegetables, Landscape Ornamentals, Turf (23 delivered in 2015)</li> <li>Average about 8,000 subscriptions each</li> <li>Content: scouting by IPM staff and volunteers; reports from growers</li> <li>350 archived advisories</li> </ul>   Activity: Utah TRAPs (Temperature Resource and Alerts for Pests, a web and mobile app pest management tool) (UT) <ul> <li>Access to 77 weather stations</li> <li>12 insect and disease models (fruit, ornamental, field crops)</li> <li>Funding: grants, grower support, Utah Climate Center</li> </ul>   Activity: 2016 Vegetable production guide (UT) <ul> <li>8 USU authors in 4 disciplines</li> </ul> <ul> <li>11 chapters: Cucurbits, Brassicas, Solanaceous, Sweet corn, Onion, covering production issues, soil/nutrient/water management, IPM, and pesticide safety</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Funding: Specialty Crop Block Grant</li> <li>450 copies distributed to growers, plus free PDF available on IPM website</li> </ul>   Activity: Invasive Fruit Pest Guide (UT) <ul> <li>5 authors from USU and Utah Department of Agriculture and Food covering brown rot, plum pox virus, spotted wing drosophila, brown marmorated stink bug, plum curculio, velvet longhorned beetle, and Japanese beetle</li> <li>Funding: Specialty Crop Block Grant</li> <li>700 copies distributed for free to growers and for sale on USU Extension website, plus free PDF available on IPM website</li> </ul> Activity: Intermountain Tree Fruit Production Guide (intermountainfruit.org), collaborative guide with USU, Colorado State University, and University of Idaho (UT) <ul> <li>New pesticide recommendation tables tied to database to allow for automatic updates</li> </ul> Activity: Fruit PestFinder mobile app (free app for fruit Pest identification and IPM recommendations) (UT)   Activity: New and Emerging Pests (UT) <ul> <li>Pear sawfly, Hoplocampa brevis found in commercial and backyard sites south of Salt Lake City</li> <li>Sequoia pitch moth, Synanthedon sequoiae: killing pines in Salt Lake City area</li> </ul>   Activity: Applied Research (UT) <ul> <li>Survey of leafroller species in fruit orchards found that obliquebanded was the most predominant</li> <li>Survey of potential wild fruit hosts for spotted wing drosophila (collaboration with University of Idaho)</li> <li>Testing different types of yellow sticky traps for optimal attraction and monitoring of western cherry fruit fly (collaboration with USDA ARS, Wapato, WA)</li> <li>Evaluating low-toxicity insecticides for control of western cherry fruit fly</li> <li>Testing a new codling moth biofix option by field-checking this insects’ phenology in Utah</li> <li>Development of farmscape-based management strategies for onion thrips and Iris yellow spot virus in bulb onions</li> <li>Evaluation of biochar for enhanced vegetable production and protection and protection from root-rotting pathogens</li> </ul>   Activity: IPM self-assessment and economic impact of IPM implementation (UT) <ul> <li>Self-assessment <ul> <li>86% labeled themselves as users of IPM (61% Low IPM, 21% Medium IPM, and 4% High IPM)</li> <li>Of those that ranked themselves as Medium or High, 59% would have ranked themselves as Low 2 years ago</li> </ul> </li> <li>Economic impact: <ul> <li>Although 25% of High IPM vegetable producers reported increased costs, 33% also reported increased profits and none reported a decrease</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Activities & Outputs: Vegetable IPM (AZ): The Vegetable IPM Team continued biweekly insect, weed and disease management Veg IPM Update advisories, delivering 23 IPM updates to over 800 people via web, email, smart phone and in audio file format. Updates were re-distributed by Western Farm Press and other mass media, reaching well over 10,000 readers. Dr. Palumbo published 15 articles in the ESA journal Arthropod Management Test. Recent Extension publications included: Insect and weed interactions in desert crops, and management guides for leafminer, thrips, aphids, and whitefly. (Selected examples under Products.) Extension trainings on specialty crops included a Citrus & Date Palm Seminar and Lettuce Pest Losses workshops. The Southwest Ag Summit reached about 800 participants, including pest management presentations and field demonstrations.     Activity: Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Hops (WA) <ul> <li>Produced 3rd edition (first comprehensive national edition)</li> </ul> Outputs: <ul> <li>3,500 copies printed and distributed</li> <li>Worked with the Hop Growers of America to digitize the Field Guide and make electronic edition available</li> </ul> Short-term outcomes: <ul> <li>Increased knowledge of pest and beneficial organism identification</li> <li>Increased knowledge of IPM, including scouting, thresholds, phytosanitation, and resistance management</li> <li>Cooperation and technology transfer among many hop-growing states</li> </ul>   Activity Several grape publications (listed under Publications in this report) translated to Spanish (WA) Outputs: Printed and electronic grape pest management and production publications <ul> <ul> <li>Short-term outcomes:</li> <li>Spanish-speaking vineyard owners, managers, and workers now have access to best management practice information</li> </ul> </ul> <ul> <li>Increased knowledge of vineyard IPM among native Spanish speakers</li> </ul>   Activity: Multi-modal IPM education for Aquatic crop (cranberry, shellfish) IPM outreach (WA) Outputs: <ul> <ul> <ul> <li>8 workshops organized, publicized, and presented to growers</li> <li>Fact sheets produced</li> <li>Newsletters written and posted electronically</li> <li>Short-term outcomes:</li> </ul> </ul> </ul> Increased and updated knowledge among cranberry and shellfish producers on control of insect, weed, disease, and mollusk pests in sensitive estuarial environments   Activity: Tracking and control of Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) (WA) <ul> <li>Methodical tracking</li> <li>Outreach regarding presence and control of BMSB</li> <li>Outputs: </li> </ul> <ul> <li>Website content</li> <li>Presentations to workshops and grower groups statewide</li> <li>Tours of parks, vineyards, and public areas for BMSD ID and education</li> <li>Short-term outcomes:</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Increased grower knowledge of BMSB ID and control</li> <li> </li> </ul> Activity: Updated vegetable production guides with current IPM practices (Guam) Outputs: <ul> <li>Second edition of the 2002 “Eggplant, Pepper, and Tomato Production Guide for Guam” was placed on the University of Guam website on July 2016 (<a href="http://cnas-re.uog.edu/people-entry/eggplant/">http://cnas-re.uog.edu/people-entry/eggplant/</a>) </li> </ul> Short-term Outcomes: <ul> <li>The second edition provided users with additional information on 4 new diseases, a new tomato variety field trial, and symptom production as displayed in 11 new color photos.</li> </ul>   Activity: IPM in Specialty Crop (coffee, tropical fruit and macadamia nut) Production Agriculture (HI) Outputs and Short-term Outcomes: <ul> <li>28 outreach events with coffee berry borer IPM information (workshops, seminars, field days, conferences, expos, etc.)</li> <li>2 outreach events with macadamia felted coccid IPM information (workshop and conference)</li> <li>IPM Advisories (free e-mail and mail newsletters with advice on pest activity and IPM recommendations) <ul> <li>Coffee, Tropical Fruits and Macadamia Nut (12 delivered in 2015)</li> <li>Average about 1,160 subscriptions each</li> <li>Content: IPM educational events, agricultural announcements, farm and cultural practice advisories (pest, disease, propagation, fertilization, etc.)</li> <li>37 archived advisories</li> </ul> </li> <li>Online sources of information <ul> <li><a href="http://hawaiicoffee.weebly.com/">http://hawaiicoffee.weebly.com/</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <ul> <li>Content: CBB IPM, agricultural events and announcements, predators of CBB, coffee pests and diseases, publications and presentations</li> <li>600 views per week</li> <li><a href="http://ctahrmacadamia.weebly.com/">http://ctahrmacadamia.weebly.com/</a></li> <li>100 views per week</li> <li>Content: Crop cultural information, pests and diseases, crop research, food safety</li> </ul> <li>Strong collaboration with USDA ARS DKI PBARC and HDOA; major funding from a USDA ARS, HDOA and CTAHR</li> <li>Applied Research <ul> <li>Evaluation of controlling coffee berry borer on a micro scale using beneficial active microoganisms and Botanigard ES (Beauveria bassiana strain GHA)</li> <li>Survey of the effect of CBB on the flavor and consumer preferences of brewed coffee</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Activity: IPM in Native Communities (AK) <ul> <li>Small acreage growers in four Native communities on Kodiak Island</li> <li>develop rural agriculture</li> </ul> Output: <ul> <li>8 presentations including a week long field tour of agricultural farms on the Kenai Peninsula</li> </ul> <ul> <li>10 or more trainees present at each presentation and field tour</li> </ul>   Activities: Evaluation of IPM practices for specialty crops (CO) Outputs: <ul> <li>Onion production: <ul> <li>Continued evaluation of commercial mycorrhyzal preparations on plant health in commercial onion production</li> <li>Evaluated onion varieties for reactions to thrips, IYSV, and pink root fungus</li> <li>Evaluated bio-nematicide, Melocon, in commercial onion production</li> </ul> </li> <li>Initial survey of insects associated with industrial hemp</li> <li>West Slope surveys for spotted wing drosophila, grape leaf skeletonizer, grape bud mite, hedgehog grain aphids, African fig fly</li> <li>West Slope IPM workshop with 185 participants</li> <li> </li> </ul> Area Addressed—Natural Resources/Rangelands IPM   Activity: Knowledge Gaps Identified for Medusahead Management (CA): Medusahead competes with desired grasses and flowering plants for nutrients, forms a dense mat that prevents establishment of desired species, and increases the risk of wildfire. Systematic research reviews identify patterns of management success across multiple research studies. Reviews of this type, however, may not yield the specific information needed by wildland managers. UCCE Specialist and Affiliated IPM Advisor Jeremy James sought to do both. Outputs: <ul> <li>James and others in CE and UC Davis conducted a systematic review of medusahead IPM.</li> <li>James then compared his review results with an assessment of stakeholder needs to identify critical knowledge gaps in medusahead management. Stakeholders listed grazing as a preferred IPM tool. James’s systematic review determined on annual rangeland an almost 2-fold reduction in medusahead abundance by stocking the area with high numbers of livestock, such as sheep or cattle, at the same time when medusahead is most susceptible to defoliation.</li> <li>Four major information needs emerged based on the systematic review and stakeholder survey.</li> </ul> Activity: Phragmites first detector training (MT)   Outputs: Five workshops and presentations administered across Montana with 280 participants   Activity: Field survey and community response to spruce aphid reports on the Kenai Peninsula (AK) <ul> <li>Presence of spruce aphid on the peninsula is a new occurrence; collaboration with USDA Forest Service and Alaska Division of Forestry</li> </ul>   Activity: University of Wyoming Rangeland Weed IPM Team (Brian Mealor, Cara Noseworthy, Julia Workman, and Beth Fowers) (WY) Outputs: Ten Presentations Each of these presentations discussed at least one facet managing weeds with an integrated approach. Audiences included: federal, local, and state land managers, private landowners, wildlife management personnel, extension educators, and other natural resources professionals and more than 1500 people were present for these presentations.   Activity: Wyoming Restoration Challenge (WY) Outputs: <ul> <li>Initiated in spring 2015, this is a participatory educational project. Thirteen teams from various organization involved with weed management registered for this competition where success is evaluated by how well a teams’ integrated weed management and restoration approach improves ecosystem condition in a weed-degraded site. This time-intensive competition will continue until 2017.</li> <li>Hard copy and digital outreach materials, including social media, are currently being developed. <ul> <li><a href="http://weedcontrolfreaks.com/2015/04/wyoming-restoration-challenge-part-1/">http://weedcontrolfreaks.com/2015/04/wyoming-restoration-challenge-part-1/</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WYrestorationchallenge/">https://www.facebook.com/WYrestorationchallenge/</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> Activity: Invasive and noxious weed workshops (CO) Outputs: <ul> <li>Thirteen invasive and noxious weed workshops</li> <li>Two Congressional testimonies on invasive species management bills</li> </ul>   Activity: Education of pest identifiers and first responders (Guam and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) Outputs: <ul> <li>Conducted a 3 ½ day Plant Diagnostic workshop in May 2016 which included first responder and invasive species training.</li> </ul> Short-term Outcomes: <ul> <li>Increased number of pest identifiers and first responders</li> <li>18%+ gain in knowledge by the 13 Agricultural Professionals from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</li> </ul>   Area Addressed: Diagnostics Activities: Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory (MT)                Outputs: The Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory (SDL) at Montana State University (MSU) is provided as a service to the citizens of Montana through MSU and MSU Extension to provide plant pest identification.   Short-term Outcomes: The SDL conducted a total of 3562 plant disease, insect, and plant identification diagnoses from July 1, 2015-June 30, 2016. 1048 participants reached through 26 workshops/presentations about the Diagnostic Lab. 1 refereed journal article; 2 newspaper articles; 3750 through social media; 1 TV news feature   Activity: Support Pest Diagnostics – Provided onsite diagnostic advice to 730 clients and laboratory analyses of 198 plant disease samples (Guam) Outputs: Guam Plant Health and IPM Center/ University of Guam Extension and Research’s 2015 Western Pacific Tropical Research Center Impact Report (<a href="http://cnas-re.uog.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/2015impactweb.pdf">http://cnas-re.uog.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/2015impactweb.pdf</a> ) Short-term Outcomes: Enhanced Pest Diagnostics responsiveness for clients and stakeholders Activity: The Plant Diagnostic Clinic (CO) Outputs: processed more than 2000 disease and insect samples,   Activity: Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab (UPPDL)-The IPM Program coordinates with the UPPDL on diagnostics, trainings, development of IPM recommendations, and outreach publications (UT) Outputs: many fact sheets and other extension publications and online content are co-produced by staff from the IPM Program and UPPDL   Area Addressed—Pesticide Safety   Activity: Meeting the Changing Needs of Pesticide Fieldworker Trainers (CA): The Federal Agricultural Worker Protection Standard is changing. One of the major changes is that annual training will be required for fieldworkers; previously training was required every five years. The changing Worker Protection Standard created a need for well-trained, up-to-date trainers of fieldworkers. These trainers are Pesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator Lisa Blecker’s clientele. Her Program is working diligently to address that need. Outputs: <ul> <li>Blecker’s first step was to develop new train-the-trainer materials. These materials consist of PowerPoint presentations, handouts, notebooks, and instruction on laws and regulations, training requirements, and training techniques. The training materials include activities to help participants understand more about training requirements, such as label reading. Comprehension exercises include a discussion of hazard communication requirements and an exercise to reinforce knowledge of restricted entry intervals (REIs) and field posting requirements.</li> <li>The fieldworker training kit is a great addition developed by Blecker and her team. The kit consists of nine sessions that cover all the required elements of fieldworker pesticide safety training (as stated in 3CCR Section 6764). The fieldworker training kits are in Spanish, but the activities are scripted in English and in Spanish. Two short videos are in Spanish with English subtitles.</li> </ul> Impacts: <ul> <li>With Blecker’s new materials and training kit, participants of her trainings will have more knowledge of how to train fieldworkers.</li> <li>Trainers will use what they learned and the training kit in their trainings for fieldworkers.</li> <li>It is anticipated that greater fieldworker knowledge will lead to increased safe use of pesticides.</li> <li> </li> </ul> Activities & Outputs (AZ): Dr. Mike Wierda, Assistant in Extension for Pesticide Safety Education, has focused on identification of pesticide safety training priorities and working with a stakeholder advisory team to find paths to sustainably for an ongoing PSEP (leveraged through a PSEP-IMI grant). In partnership with the state lead agency, Arizona Department of Agricultures, priority training resources have been identified and we are pursuing possible ongoing funding mechanisms to accomplish these goals. This term, Dr. Wierda presented at 17 meetings on topics related to IPM and pesticide safety, including 2 large Earth Day events, reaching over 2,100 stakeholders. Mike serves on a state sub-committee that is revising urban pest control applicator certification exams for Arizona and also participates on a national committee of state PSEP personnel to remain aware of emerging resources and issues that may have relevance for Arizona. Outcomes: Through formation of a Stakeholder Advisory Team to develop a more sustainable and robust Pesticide Safety Education program, we have established new relationships with some stakeholder groups and improved collaboration with the state lead agency.

Publications

Impact Statements

Impacts of the Schutter Diagnostic Laboratory at Montana State University include: Savings of millions of dollars of malt barley potentially at risk due to diagnosis of Fusarium Head Blight. Savings of $35,000 in fungicide application because the problem was identified as frost and drought damage. so we saved the cost of fungicide application which saved approximately 35,000 dollars. A grower did not spray fungicide on a wheat crop with physiological spotting and saved $50,000 in applications costs with no observed loss in yield. An estimate of the economic impact of the SDL in 2015 is over $2 million based on 489 responses to a survey. This number reflects direct economic impacts of diagnoses.