Annual/Termination Reports:

[11/06/2012] [08/21/2013] [09/10/2014] [09/08/2015] [09/08/2016]

Report Information

Participants

Donald, Pat, pat.donald@ars.usda.gov - USDA (Chair);
Pueppke, Steve (Pueppke@msu.edu) Administrative Advisor;
Ferris, Virginia (vferris@purdue.edu) Purdue University;
Chen, Senyu chenx099@umn.edu -University of Minnesota
Faghihi, Jamal jamal@purdue.edu - Purdue University;
MacGuidwin, An , aem@plantpath.wisc.edu - University of Wisconsin;
Melakeberhan, Haddish melakebe@msu.edu- Michigan State University;
Robbins, Robert rrobbin@uark.edu - University of Arkansas;
Tylka, Gregory gltylka@iastate.edu - Iowa State University;
Welacky, Tom tom.welackyt@agr.gc.ca - Agriculture Canada (recorder);
Absent: Kull, Linda, University of Illinois, lkull@illinois.edu; excused: Terry Niblack, The Ohio State University, niblack.2@osu.edu

Brief Summary of Minutes

Pat Donald called the meeting to order and welcomed participants at 8:30 am at the Savannah Marriott Center in conjunction with the Society of Nematologists 51st Annual Meeting. Dr. Steve Pueppke, Administrative Advisor, welcomed the members and provided an outline of potential changes to future research funding and announced the next mid-term report for NC1197 will be due in 2013. Following Dr. Pueppkes presentation, participants proceeded with individual state research reports pertaining to the NC1197 project objectives and concluded with the annual Business Meeting. The general consensus for the 2013 meeting was that it would be in conjunction with the SON 52nd annual meeting in Cleveland Ohio.

The primary purpose of the meeting was to report and discuss recent research results pertaining to the new project  Practical Management of Nematodes on Corn, Soybean, and Other Crops of Regional Importance - initiated in 2011.

Objective 1: Develop, evaluate, improve, and integrate management techniques for plant-parasitic nematodes in the North Central Region to increase grower profitability.

Evaluation of SCN-resistant soybean lines and cultivars: Participating States (Iowa, Tennessee, Michigan, Indiana, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Ontario) reported on the evaluation of SCN resistant lines and cultivars. Hundreds of soybean cultivars for resistance to SCN in field and greenhouse trials were evaluated for resistance to the most common state HG Types and for agronomic performance. Results were published online (see publications) and distributed at numerous field days and extension meetings. In addition to SCN testing, all soybeans entered into the Arkansas Variety Testing Program are greenhouse tested for resistance to SCN, Southern Root-knot Nematode (SRKN), and Reniform Nematode (RN). Arkansas and the boot-heel of Missouri are the only states with participants in this committee where SRKN and RN are a problem on soybean. All varieties are tested for SCN and RKN each year and all varieties that were not previously tested are evaluated for RN resistance.

Assessment of HG Types and other aspects of virulence: Minnesota field plot experiments were initiated in 2003 to study the effect of tillage and source of resistance on SCN population density and virulence phenotype. Tillage had little effect on SCN virulence phenotype and population density. Among the three SCN-resistant cultivars, the PI 88788-derived cultivar supported the greatest SCN egg population density, the Peking-derived cultivar was intermediate, and the PI 437654-derived cultivar supported the smallest egg population density. No clear pattern of effect of rotations of the three sources of resistance on virulence phenotype was observed during the 8 years of study.
Wisconsin HG Type survey results continue to indicate a trend in the geographic distribution of HG types, with more HG 1- populations located in the East Central and Northeast regions of the state.
In Arkansas SCN race test are used instead of HG types for a variety of reasons. In 2012 races 2, 3, 5, 8 and 14 were tested. In the last 3 years only races 2 and 5 were found in samples submitted to the Arkansas Nematode Assay program. In the last statewide survey they were the predominant races found. Iowa performed HG type tests on SCN populations from nine state varietal experimental test locations. Results are used to assess the effects of the virulence phenotype of the SCN population (the HG type) on agronomic performance of the soybean varieties.
In Ontario HG Type testing was completed on 31 field samples in 2010-11. HG Type results indicate 2011 samples had as much reproduction on HG 1 when compared to HG 2 (PI 88788). Ontario SCN populations appear to be adapting to Peking resistance in the absence of being challenged to the very few historically planted Peking resistant varieties. HG 4 (PI 437654) has complete resistance not overcome by SCN populations in Ontario. Survey results from 2006-11 indicated that Ontario had approximately 25 different combinations of HG Types. The unique diversity of HG Types contrasted with less diverse populations found in Tennessee, Indiana and Illinois with a longer SCN infestation history.

Evaluation of new nematicidal seed treatments for management of SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes:
Exploratory work is being conducted by several members of the group (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Ontario, and Tennessee) on nematicide seed treatments that are in the development stage or have been recently marketed by several private companies. Five different large plot experiments were conducted at Iowa State University research farms in northwest, northeast, central, southwest, and southeast Iowa in 2011 to determine the effects of the seed treatment protectants Avicta from Syngenta Seedcare and Votivo from Bayer CropScience on population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes on corn and on corn yields. In 2011 experiments, there were significant differences in nematode population densities at the V5/V6 soil sampling date among the treatments in only two experiments and no significant differences in corn yields among the treatments in any of the experiments. Seed treatments were established in north and mid-state in Indiana to document the effect of these treatments on population density of SCN and yield of soybean. No dramatic effect was observed from any of these treatments. In addition, Indiana continued to evaluate experimental seed-treatment products from various chemical companies against SCN in the field. No significant reduction in population density of SCN or increases in soybean yield were found. Minnesota soil seed treatments were evaluated in the greenhouse in field soil and autoclaved field soil for their effect on SCN egg population density and plant growth. No seed treatment effect on SCN egg population density and plant growth was observed. Additional outreach support projects for the suppression of SCN were carried out in joint collaboration with Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Agriculture Canada on several farm trials indicating inconclusive results. SCN micro-plot field projects results with oriental processed mustard seed hulls indicated no differences between non-treated plots as compared to 6 rates of mustard hulls.

Evaluation of rotational crops and cultural practices for SCN and corn-parasitic nematode management: Michigan reported on a long term rotational study on how SCN adapts and increases to damaging levels when introduced into SCN-virgin land and subjected to agronomic practices. Over the course of six years (2003 2008), SCN population density, plant stand, and yield were measured on susceptible and resistant soybeans, corn and rotation combinations. In all cases, the population density of SCN was highest in susceptible and lowest in corn or corn rotations both on tilled and no-till plots. In 2007, in both tillage systems, and in 2008, in no-till plots, yield of SCN-infested plots was significantly lower than non-infested plots. The impact of this study provides agro-biologically based timeline information that is critical for SCN management. Effects of long-term corn-soybean rotation and nematicide Counter on SCN and other plant-parasitic nematodes, and soybean and corn yields were evaluated in Minnesota for 2010-11. While crop sequence significantly affected SCN, Pratylenchus, and Helicotylenchus, the nematicide treatment did not affect the plant-parasitic nematodes at planting, midseason and harvest except that Helicotylenchus population density at harvest was reduced by the nematicide.

Investigation of pest interactions involving plant-parasitic nematodes and their contribution to yield losses in North Central Region crops: Indiana Soybean Association funded a collaborative research project in Indiana to study the SCN-SDS relationship. Five soybean cultivars were planted, four with various sources of SCN and SDS resistance. Even though no obvious symptoms of SDS were observed in one of the two state locations, the same dramatic yield response from varieties with the Peking source of resistance was observed as where the disease was visually present.


Objective 2: Determine the relationships among nematode population characteristics, crop injury, and soil health.

Develop a list of damaging nematodes for corn and other major crops in the North Central Region:
In Ontario, parasitic nematodes of corn were surveyed in co-operation with project coordinator, T. Jackson (Nebraska), as part of the NC corn survey project. Samples of soil and plants were collected by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food in collaboration with the NC project. Random samples were collected from 235 fields and 28 % had damaging levels of the most common parasitic nematodes found on corn. Root lesion (Pratylenchus spp) was present in 37% of the corn root samples.

Determine damage thresholds for major corn-parasitic nematode species: Indiana had a two-fold increase in the number of corn samples received in our Nematology Laboratory, as compared to 2010. Most of these samples had above-thresholds levels of needle, lance and lesion nematodes. Needle nematode on crabgrass roots was found late in the fall in southern Indiana. Five large on-farm corn plots were established in southern and northern Indiana to evaluate the effectiveness of available seed treatments on corn parasitic nematodes and on corn yields. Results of these studies were presented as a poster at the 2012 SON meeting.

Characterize infra-specific variation in host-parasite interactions across the North Central Region: Michigan reported on relationships among SCN and nematode community structures as investigated in 2008 and 2009. The results indicate that SCN population had positive correlations with total nematode abundance, total non-SCN nematode abundance, free-living nematode abundance, and bacteria-feeding nematode abundance in both years. This suggests that conditions favoring free-living nematodes can also favor SCN. Further analysis between nematode populations and food web and various management strategies (tillage, cultivars, rotations) suggests that in addition to direct impacts, tillage and susceptible cultivar may have indirect impacts on increasing SCN population density through favoring free-living nematodes, while crop rotation is likely to have an indirect impact in decreasing SCN population density through decreasing free-living nematodes.

Develop predictive models of nematode population dynamics for SCN and other regionally-important plant-parasitic nematodes : A soil survey, funded by the United Soybean Board in 2011, was initiated to determine the distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in soybean production fields in southern soybean production fields in 11 states. In Tennessee 78 soil samples were collected at random in west and central Tennessee. In the samples collected, 82% had plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes recovered included Heterodera glycines (16%), Meloidogyne incognita (4%), Pratylenchus sp. (19%), Helicotylenchus (50%), Tylenchorhynchus sensu lato (11%), Rotylenchulus (3%). A low level of Hoplolaimus magnistylus was detected in soybean, corn and cotton fields. The survey is in the second year and targeted high production acreage and counties in middle and east Tennessee. For the fourth year, Wisconsin collected soil samples from 24 random soybean sites within 2 fields at growth stage VE-VC and related nematode counts to yield. For the third year, there was a significant relationship between population densities of P. penetrans at planting and soybean yield.


Objective 3. Develop tools for technology transfer for management of regionally important nematodes with special reference to soybean cyst nematode and corn parasitic nematodes.

Assemble a dynamic database of soybean cultivar characteristics related to SCN resistance: Most NC1197 participants (Iowa, Tennessee, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Arkansas, Minnesota and Ontario) reported on the evaluation of SCN resistant lines and cultivars. Hundreds of soybean cultivars were tested in the field and greenhouse trials and were evaluated for resistance to the most common state/province HG Types and for agronomic performance. Results were published in hardcover and online (see publications) and distributed at numerous field days and extension meetings in each state/province.


Provide readily-accessible and reliable information on rapidly evolving nematode management strategies such as the new commercial seed treatments for nematode control: The committee decided that from a technical perspective it should provide a review and update of the listing of the most common NC parasitic nematodes on corn. It also agreed to provide reviews of damaging threshold levels as required. An updated SCN Management Guide based on recent research data was published and distributed in Minnesota. Wisconsin began using the total nematode risk index for samples submitted to their diagnostic service. A risk score was assigned to clinic samples submitted from corn fields from March to June 30th for the period 1999-2012. There was a significant increase in the risk scores over the 14-year period. It appears that the change is due primarily to an increase in Pratylenchus spp. Clinic samples are a biased data set and have limitations but offer great opportunity for conveying the impact of nematodes in the North Central region.

PLEASE NOTE: State reports are attached as part of the meeting minutes.

Accomplishments

1. Hundreds of germplasm lines and commercially marketed soybean cultivars were evaluated independently for reaction to multiple soybean cyst nematode populations. This information was made available to producers electronically as well as in print form.<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Several studies were initiated on plant-parasitic nematodes parasitizing corn roots, seed treatment studies on both corn and soybean and other management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes.<br /> <br /> <br /> 3. New extension guides containing information on management of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the region were published.<br />

Publications

Journal Articles <br /> <br /> Campbell, J.A., Goheen, S.C. and Donald, P. 2011. Extraction and Analysis of Inositols and Other Carbohydrates from Soybean Plant Tissues. Pages 421 446. in Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products, D. Krezhova ed. InTech publisher http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/extraction-and-analysis-of-inositols-and-other-carbohydrates-from-soybean-plant-tissues<br /> <br /> Donald, P.A., Heinz, R., Bernard, E., Hershman, D., Hensley, D., Flint-Garcia, S., and Joost, R. 2012. Distribution, host status and potential sources of resistance to Vittatidera zeaphila. Nematropica 42: 91-95.<br /> <br /> McDonald IV, L. W., Goheen, S. C., Donald, P. A., and Campbell J. A. 2012. Identification and quantitation of various inositols and o-methylinositols present in plant roots related to soybean cyst nematode host status. Nematropica 42:1-8.<br /> <br /> Melakeberhan, H., Douches, D. and Wang, W. 2012. Interactions of Selected Potato Cultivars and Populations of Meloidogyne hapla Adapted to the US Midwest Soils. Crop Science, 52:1-6. <br /> <br /> Melakeberhan, H. and Wang, W. 2012. Suitability of celery cultivars to populations of Meloidogyne hapla. Nematology, 14:623-629.<br /> <br /> Melakeberhan, H. and Wang, W. 2012. Proof-of-concept for managing Meloidogyne hapla parasitic variability in carrot production soils. Nematology, 14:623-629.<br /> <br /> Robbins, R. T., E. Shipe, P. Arelli, G. Shannon, K. M. Rainey, P. Chen, Stella K. Kantartzi, L. E. Jackson, E. E. Gbur, D. G. Dombek, & J. T. Velie. 2012. Reniform nematode reproduction on soybean cultivars and breeding lines in 2011. Proceeding of the 2011 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Atlanta, Georgia, January 4-7, 2011, Pgs. 167-174.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L., A.J. Sisson, L.C. Jesse, J. Kennicker and C.C. Marett. 2011. Testing for plant-parasitic nematodes that feed on corn in Iowa 2000-2010. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2011-1205-01-RS. <br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L., T.C. Todd, T.L. Niblack, A.E. MacGuidwin, and T. Jackson. 2011. Sampling for plant-parasitic nematodes in corn strip trials comparing nematode management products. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2011-0901-01-DG.<br /> <br /> Xia Yan, Xin-Yue Cheng, Yun-Sheng Wang, Ji Luo, Zhen-Chuan Mao, Virginia R. Ferris, Bing-Yan Xie. Comparative transcriptomics of two pathogenic pinewood nematodes yields insights into parasitic adaptation to life on pine hosts. 2012. doi:10.1016/J.gene.2012.05.041<br /> <br /> <br /> Abstracts <br /> <br /> Diaz-Arias, M., G.L. Tylka, L. Leandro, and G.P. Munkvold. 2011. Interactions between Fusarium root rot pathogens and Heterodera glycines, on soybean roots. Phytopathology 101:S42.<br /> <br /> Faghihi, J, R. A. Vierling and V. R. Ferris. 2010. Effect of fall annual rye grass seeding on soybean cyst nematodes. Journal of Nematology 42:242.<br /> <br /> Hong, S. C., A. MacGuidwin, and C. Gratton. . 2011. Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) interactions in the field and effects on soybean yield. Journal of Economic Entomology 104:1568-1574.<br /> <br /> MacGuidwin, A. E. 2011. Is it nematode or Verticillium that causes Mr. Potato to die early? Phytopathology 101:S209.<br /> <br /> MacGuidwin, A. E. 2011. Damage potential of Pratylenchus penetrans to soybean. Journal of Nematology 43:259-260.<br /> <br /> Niblack, T.L., J. Bond, and G.L. Tylka. 2011. The nightmare of plant diseases associated with soybean cyst nematodes. Phytopathology 101:S209.<br /> <br /> R. T. Robbins, E. Shipe, P. Arelli, G. Shannon, K. M. Rainey, P. Chen, S. K. Kantartzi, L. E. Jackson, E. E. Gbur, D. G. Dombek, and J. T. Velie. 2012. Reniform nematode reproduction on soybean cultivars and breeding lines in 2011. Program of the 2012 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Orlando.<br /> <br /> Robbins, R. T., L. E. Jackson, K. Rowe, D. Crippen and T. Kirkpatrick. 2012. Soybean Varieties With Reniform and Root-Knot Nematode Resistance, 1998 2011. Abstracts, 39th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers, March 7-8, 2012 Pensacola, FL. p. 27<br /> <br /> Tatalovic, N., G.L. Tylka, and L.F. Leandro. 2011. Microscopic observation of the interaction between the soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen, Fusarium virguliforme, and the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in soybean roots. Phytopathology 101:S175.<br /> <br /> Welacky, Tom W, 2011. Investigations of legume resistance reactions to Heterodera glycines in Ontario fields. Journal of Nematology.<br /> <br /> Wiggs, S.N. and G.L. Tylka. 2011. The nature of the relationship between soybean cyst nematode population densities and soil pH. Phytopathology 101:S191.<br /> <br /> <br /> Research Reports:<br /> <br /> Allen, F.L., Johnson, R., Williams, R.C., Jr, McClure, A.T., Newman, M., Donald, P. Soybean Variety Performance Tests in Tennessee. 2011. http://varietytrials.tennessee.edu/pdffiles/2011trialdata/soybean_FINALrpt.pdf. Research Report 12-03. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture (Technical Bulletin).<br /> <br /> Faghihi, J., Krupke, C., and V. Ferris. Nematode Update: Needle Nematodes on Wheat - Pests and Crops Newsletter 4/8/2011.<br /> <br /> Faghihi, J. Drought season highlights damage caused by nematodes Ag Answers 7/3/2012<br /> <br /> Welacky, T.W. Annual Reports - Ontario Soybean Variety Trials. Ontario Oil and Protein Seed Crop Committee. 12p. Soybean Data Co-coordinator of publication. Producer and editor of internet site, http://www.gosoy.ca including Variety Information and Performance Profile (ViPP), performance graphs, % Protein and % Oil reports and tables of varietal responses to SCN and various diseases in Ontario. <br /> <br /> <br /> Extension Publications:<br /> <br /> Chen, S. (ed). 2011. Soybean Cyst Nematode Management Guide. University of Minnesota Extension.<br /> <br /> Mueller, D., A. Sisson, E. Hodgson, A. Mallarino, C. McGrath, M. ONeal, P. Pedersen, C. Pilcher, R. Pope, M. Rice, A. Robertson, J. Sawyer, K. Schaefer, K. Simon, G. Tylka, and D. Wright. 2011. Soybean field guide, 2nd Edition. Iowa State University Extension Publication CSI 010, 68 pp.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L. and M. P. Mullaney. 2011. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant soybeans for Iowa. Iowa State University Extension Publication PM 1649, 27 pp.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L., G.D. Gebhart, C.C. Marett, M.P. Mullaney, and S.N. Wiggs. 2011. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa 2011. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM 52.<br /> Integrated Crop Management News articles (online at www.extension.iastate.edu/cropnews/)<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2011. Sampling for nematodes that feed on corn this season. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (5 June 2011).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2011. SCN females now apparent on soybean roots. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (21 June 2011).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2011. Corn or soybeans looking stressed? Nematode damage is becoming apparent. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (11 July 2011).<br /> <br /> Robertson, A., D. Mueller, L. Leandro, G. Tylka, and XB Yang. 2011. Begin scouting for sudden death syndrome in soybean. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (20 July 2011).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2011. Comparing nematode management products on corn in strip trials. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (9 September 2011).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2011. Know your choices: hundreds of SCN-resistant soybean varieties for Iowa. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (21 October 2011).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2011. Fall time to sample for SCN not for nematodes that feed on corn. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (11 November 2011).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2011. A 10-year summary of testing for nematodes that feed on corn in Iowa. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (7 December 2011).<br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Funding from state and regional sources such as NCSRP have supported SCN research and educational efforts geared for producers such as the new SCN management guide from MN, on-farm plots in Indiana, websites from most states with variety trial information linked to SCN reaction either in the field or greenhouse. These combined efforts have generated a wealth of information to assist producers in selecting varieties and production practices that best suit their production systems.
2. SCN research has received the most attention region-wide but other nematodes are important in the North Central region. Pratylenchus penetrans causes damage to soybean and corn that has been largely overlooked in the last 20 years. In 2011 we showed a relationship of P. penetrans to yield loss of soybean and concluded from an analysis of historical data that the impact of this nematode has increased since 1997.

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Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Agronomic traits and resistance were evaluated for more than 2,700 combinations of soybean genotype and SCN population in greenhouse and field trials across the region.<br /> SCN populations were screened for virulence phentoypes in all states, using a common protocol.<br /> Surveys for SCN and other nematodes were conducted in Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Ontario, Canada.<br /> <br /> Nematicidal seed treatments commercially available for corn and soybean were evaluated at more than 20 sites in five states and Canada in 2012 for their impact on yield and nematode population densities.<br /> <br /> The population dynamics of Root Lesion nematodes on corn was studied in three states.<br /> <br /> The relationship between SCN and two fungal pathogens was studied for soybean and between Root Lesion Nematode and one fungal pathogen for corn.<br /> <br /> Data on the types and numbers of pest nematodes detected in samples submitted for diagnosis were collected in all states. <br /> <br /> A cumulative risk index for all pest nematodes associated with corn was developed for farmers.<br /> <br /> Data on SCN reproduction on multiple soybean genotypes was collected throughout the region.<br />

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Nematodes are invisible to the naked eye and cause nondescript symptoms so yield losses due to pest nematodes are often credited to other conditions. Surveys and diagnostic activities increased awareness of nematode pests of corn and soybean in the region, as evidenced by an increase in the number of samples submitted for nematode assay.
2. Coordinated and standardized screening of SCN populations throughout the region provided valuable information about the frequency of resistance-breaking populations of SCN, increasing awareness among plant breeders and industry about the current and changing needs of soybean producers farming SCN-infested land.
3. Information evaluating the performance of commercial soybean varieties in fields infested with SCN was distributed widely throughout the region. This information benefited producers in selecting varieties and practices that best suit their production systems.
4. New nematicidal seed treatments recently entered the market and there is a need for unbiased information in the marketplace. Evaluations of commercial products and alternative cultural practices increased producers knowledge and understanding of the merits and limitations of using pesticides to manage pest nematodes.
5. Advice about sampling and estimates of risk due to nematode pests have traditionally varied from state to state. Coordinated messaging and development of a standardized risk index increased knowledge about the status of nematode pests in the region among the agricultural professionals.
6. Members of NC1197 represent the nematology expertise of the North Central Region. Face-to-face discussions and brainstorming at an annual meeting have a synergistic impact on the amount and quality of information that is passed to stakeholders in member states.

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Report Information

Participants

Chen, Senyu (chenx099@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Faghihi, Jamal (jamal@purdue.edu) - Purdue University;
Jackson, Tamra (tjackson3@unl.edu) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln;
MacGuidwin, Ann (aem@plantpath.wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin-Madison;
Melakeberhan, Haddish (malakebe@anr.msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Niblack, Terry (niblack.2@osu.edu) - The Ohio State University;
Pueppke, Steve (pueppke@anr.msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Robbins, Robert (rrobbin@uark.edu) - University of Arkansas;
Schroeder, Nathan (nes@illinois.edu) - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign;
Todd, Tim (nema@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;
Tylka, Greg (gltylka@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University;
Yan, Guiping (guiping.yan@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University;

Unable to attend:
Taylor, Chris (taylor.1886@osu.edu) – The Ohio State University and
Welacky, Tom (Tom.Welacky@AGR.GC.CA) - AAFC.

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual NC1197 meeting was hosted by Tim Todd at the Hilton Garden Inn. At 8:30 AM on 7/10/14, Ann MacGuidwin (chair) brought the meeting to order and welcomed participants. Steve Pueppke (administrative advisor) discussed the timeline and the requirements for renewal of the current project. The deadline for submitting a request to write a proposal is September 15, 2015. Objectives for renewal are due by October 15, 2015 with the completed proposal due by December 1, 2015. The renewal proposal should be broad and inclusive. The meeting ended on 7/11/14 with a discussion of potential objectives for the upcoming renewal. Senyu Chen offered to host the 2015 meeting in Minnesota. Nathan Schroeder and Guiping Yan were elected chair and secretary, respectively, for 2015.

The primary goal of this meeting was to present and discuss research results pertaining to the project objectives. A complete file of the meeting minutes and submitted state reports is available upon request from Nathan Schroeder. A synopsis of these results with emphasis on decisions is presented below by objective:

Objective 1: Develop, evaluate, improve, and integrate management techniques for plant-parasitic nematodes in the North Central Region to increase grower profitability.

A. Evaluation of SCN-resistant soybean lines and cultivars.
Several states have ongoing variety testing trials against specific soybean cyst nematode (SCN) HG Types/races (AR, IA, IL, KS, MN). Across these states, over 800 cultivars and lines were tested. These data are typically presented online and in direct extension bulletins to growers and represent a valuable source of information for growers, breeders and seed companies. Furthermore these data will be useful for developing and testing hypotheses on the adaptation of SCN populations to host resistance.

B. Assessment of HG Types and other aspects of virulence.
Several states have ongoing surveys of SCN HG Types/races (OH, KS, IL, IN, MN, AR, WI). Assessment of HG type is typically performed using a standardized bioassay. While variation exists among and within states, HG Type 2 populations (capable of reproduction on PI88788) are extremely common. In several states HG Type 2 constitute the majority of surveyed populations. The spread of specific populations is thought to be due to the extensive use of soybean cultivars with PI88788 sources of resistance. However, in at least one state (WI) there isn’t strong evidence for natural selection within a geographic area. We hypothesize that in certain cases HG Type populations are introduced to new geographical areas through long-distance transport along waterways and via phoresy. The Taylor lab (OH) has collected RNAseq profiles on various HG Types to elucidate possible mechanisms of virulence.

C. Evaluation of new nematicidal seed treatments for management of SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes.
New chemical and biological seed treatments have been introduced into the commercial market for both SCN and corn-parasitic nematode control. These include Votivo, Avicta and Clariva. Evaluation of these products and other chemical compounds (terbufos) is ongoing in several states (IL, IN, MN, NE, WI). The effectiveness of these products was extremely variable. In areas with low plant-parasitic nematode densities, these products are of questionable economic value.

D. Evaluation of rotational crops and cultural practices for SCN and corn-parasitic nematode management.
A diverse set of experiments were conducted to assess the effects of cropping systems on various plant-parasitic nematodes. For example, data from the MacGuidwin lab (WI) showed that intercropping of Pearl Millett with soybean can reduce populations of lesion nematodes. The effect of rotation on sugar-beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schactii) was assessed by the Melakeberhan lab (MI). The Chen lab (MN) continued a long-term corn-soybean rotation study and found that while rotation strategy had a significant effect on yield this was not correlated with nematode population density.

E. Investigation of pest interactions involving plant-parasitic nematodes and their contribution to yield losses in North Central Region crops.
The interaction between Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot on soybeans, and SCN was investigated by the Niblack lab (OH). Preliminary data were mixed regarding a possible interaction effect between M. phaseolina and SCN. The effect of SCN resistance on sudden death syndrome (SDS) was tested by the Todd lab (KS). SDS severity was not consistently correlated with SCN resistance in Kansas. However, the Ferris and Faghihi labs (IN) did find consistent strong synergistic interactions between SCN and SDS,

Objective 2: Determine the relationships among nematode population characteristics, crop injury, and soil health.

A. Develop a list of damaging nematodes for corn and other major crops in the North Central Region. Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with corn were determined in multiple states (OH, IL, IN, WI) through both surveys as well as grower-submitted samples. Ongoing work in the Todd lab (KS) tested the effect of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) on wheat. Populations of P. neglectus and P. thornei exceeding 5000 nematodes per gram of root were damaging to wheat. Screening for resistance to lesion nematodes in wheat is ongoing.

B. Determine damage thresholds for major corn-parasitic nematode species.
A manuscript is being prepared for a new risk matrix for corn-parasitic nematodes. This manuscript will revise outdated thresholds.

C. Characterize infraspecific variation in host-parasite interactions across the North Central Region. Results discussed in Objective 1B regarding HG Type variation are applicable to this sub-aim.


D. Develop predictive models of nematode population dynamics for SCN and other regionally-important plant-parasitic nematodes. The Melakeberhan lab (MI) investigated the population dynamics of sugar beet cyst nematode and root-lesion nematodes in relationship to crop health and soil food web structure.

E. Identify sampling and extraction issues related to management of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the region.
The proper sampling time for assessment of damage potential due to SCN was discussed. The committee agreed that sampling within the first 60 days following planting was the most effective for predicting damage. The proper extraction technique for root-lesion nematodes was discussed. There was consensus that methods developed by the MacGuidwin lab (WI) are the most effective for root-lesion nematode extraction.

Objective 3: Develop tools for technology transfer for management of regionally important nematodes with special reference to soybean cyst nematode and corn parasitic nematodes.

A. Assemble a dynamic database of soybean cultivar characteristics related to SCN resistance.
Several states (IL, IA, KS) have provided open access to the characterization of SCN resistance in hundreds of soybean cultivars.

B. Provide reliable information on the distribution of virulence phenotypes for SCN populations in the North Central Region.
Most states are currently investigating the distribution of virulence phenotypes in association with HG Type testing (see Objective 1B).

C. Provide readily accessible and reliable information on rapidly evolving nematode management strategies such as the new commercial seed treatments for nematode control. None presented.

D. Provide a consensus damage threshold for each of the major corn-parasitic nematodes in the NCR. A manuscript is in preparation by several state representatives describing a new risk matrix for corn-parasitic nematodes.

Accomplishments

1. Hundreds of soybean lines and cultivars were tested for resistance to multiple SCN populations. This data has been made publically available through both free print and electronic distribution.<br /> <br /> 2. The distribution and virulence of SCN HG Types were assessed throughout the North Central Region. Recommendations were provided to growers based on these results.<br /> <br /> 3. Commercially available seed treatments for the control of nematodes on soybean and corn were evaluated in a wide-range of environmental conditions. This data was released to the public through extension talks and electronic bulletins.<br /> <br />

Publications

Journal Articles<br /> <br /> <br /> Brzostowski, L.F., Schapaugh, W.T., Todd, T.C., Little, C.R., and P.A. Rzodkiewicz. 2014. Effect of host resistance to Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines on sudden death syndrome disease severity and soybean seed yield. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0100.<br /> <br /> Chen, P., Rupe, J.C., Dombek, D.G., Kirkpatrick, T., Robbins, R.T., Wu, C., and P. Manjarrez. 2013. Registration of ‘UA 5213C’ Soybean. Journal of Plant Registrations.<br /> <br /> Chen, S., Kurle, J. E., Sun, M., Naeve, S., Wyse, D. L., and L.A. Stahl, 2013. Preceding crops affected iron-deficiency chlorosis and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean cyst nematode infested fields. Crop Science 53:250-259.<br /> <br /> Hopkins, B. G., D. A. Horneck, and A. E. MacGuidwin. 2014. Improving phosphorus use efficiency through potato rhizosphere modification and extension. American Journal of Potato Research 91:161-174.<br /> <br /> Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Mekete, T., Sekora, N., and T.L. Niblack. 2014. First Report of the Stubby-Root Nematode (Paratrichodorus allius) From a Corn Field in Ohio. Plant Disease 98(8):1,164.3.<br /> <br /> Marburger, D., Conley, S., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and D. Smith. 2013. Relationship between Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines in commercial soybean fields in Wisconsin. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0107.<br /> <br /> McCarville, M.T., Soh, D.H., Tylka, G.L., and M.E. O’Neal. 2014. Aboveground feeding by soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, affects soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, reproduction belowground. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86415. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086415. <br /> <br /> Testen, A.L., Walsh, E.K., Taylor, C.G., Miller, S.A., and H.D. Lopez-Nicora. 2014. First report of bloat nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) infecting garlic in Ohio. Plant Disease 2014 98:6, 859-859. <br /> <br /> Todd, T.C., Appel, J.A., Vogel, J., and N.A.Tisserat. 2014. Survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Kansas and eastern Colorado wheat fields. Plant Health Progress (in press).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L. and C.C. Marett. 2014. Distribution of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) in the United States and Canada: 1954 to 2014. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-BR-14-0006.<br /> <br /> <br /> Abstracts and Conference Proceedings<br /> <br /> <br /> Grabau, Z., Chen, S., and J. Vetsch. 2013. The effects of fertilizer, nematicide, and tillage on Heterodera glycines, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, and the nematode community in soybean and corn fields. Journal of Nematology 45:290. (Abstr.)<br /> <br /> Habteweld, A., Brainard, D.M. Ngouajio, M., Kravchenko, S., and H. Melakeberhan<br /> (2013). Assessing the impact of compost amendment for managing nematodes and<br /> soil health in mineral soil to improve carrot production. 52nd Annual Meeting of the<br /> Society of Nematologists Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee.<br /> <br /> Hu, W., Chen, S., and X. Liu. 2013. Effect of temperature treatment on survival of Heterodera glycines and the fungi associated with its cysts. Journal of Nematology 45:295.<br /> <br /> Lopez-Nicora, H.D., Dorrance, A., and T.L. Niblack. 2014. Marker-assessed selection in tandem with bioassay predict soybean response in field with SCN. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. May 4 – 9, 2014 (abstr.).<br /> <br /> MacGuidwin, A. E. 2013. Are nematodes really a problem in corn? Wisconsin Crop Management Conf. Proceedings 52:163-165..<br /> <br /> MacGuidwin, A. E. 2013. Nematode response to fumigation alternatives. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 26:171-172.<br /> <br /> MacGuidwin, A.E. 2013. Nematode detection and management. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 26:193-194.<br /> <br /> MacGuidwin, A.E. 2014. Nematode pests of potato – status and management updates. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 27:97-101.<br /> <br /> Marburger, D., Gaska,D., Conley, S., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and D. Smith. 2014. Relationship between SDS and SCN in commercial soybean fields in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Management Conf. Proceedings 53:136-140<br /> <br /> Maung, Z.T.Z., Yildiz, S., Teal, T., Gronseth, J., Kwoseh, C., Adjeigyapong, T.,<br /> Saka, V., Lowole, M., Karuku, G.N., Wachira, P.M., Kimanju, J.W., Qi, J., Schmidt, T., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Nematode community analyses to assess the foor web<br /> structure and ecological disturbances in Ferralsol, Lithosol and Nitosol soil groups in<br /> Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists<br /> Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee.<br /> <br /> Maung, Z.T.Z., Yildiz, S., Teal, T., Gronseth, J., Kwoseh, C., Adjeigyapong, T.,<br /> Saka, V., Lowole, M., Karuku, G.N., Wachira, P.M., Kimanju, J.W., Qi, J., Schmidt, T., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Abundance and frequency of nematodes in Ferralsol,<br /> Lithosol and Nitosol soil groups in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. 52nd Annual Meeting<br /> of the Society of Nematologists Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee.<br /> <br /> Melakeberhan, H., Maung, Z.T.Z., Yildiz, S., Teal, T., Gronseth, J., Kwoseh, C., Adjeigyapong, T.,Saka, V., Lowole, M., Karuku, G.N., Wachira, P.M., Kimanju, J.W., Qi, J., and T. Schmidt (2013). Types of biological and nutritional degradations in<br /> Ferralsol, Lithosol, and Nitosols soild groups in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. 52nd<br /> Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee.<br /> <br /> Olson, L.K., Tylka, G.L., Jordhal, J., Meyer, S., Goltz, J., Kringler, J., Helms, T., and S. Markell. 2013. Increasing awareness of soybean cyst nematode in North Dakota. ?Phytopathology 103(S2):107-108.<br /> <br /> Robbins, R.T., Shannon, G., Chen, P., Kantartzi, S.K., Jackson, L.E., Gbur, E.E., Dombek, D.G., Velie, J.T., and T. R. Faske. 2014. Reniform nematode reproduction on Soybean cultivars and breeding lines in 2013. Proceeding Beltwide Cotton Conferences, New Orleans Jan 6-8.<br /> <br /> Tatalovic, N., Tylka, G.L., and L.F. Leandro. 2013. Effect of watering regime and Fusarium virguliforme infection on location of soybean cyst nematode syncytia in soybean roots. Phytopathology 103(S2):143.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L., McCarville, M.T., Marett, C.C., Gebhart, G.D., Soh, D.H., Mullaney, M.P., and M.E. O’Neal. 2013. Direct comparison of soybean cyst nematode reproduction on resistant soybean varieties in greenhouse and field experiments. Journal of Nematology 45(4):322-323.<br /> <br /> <br /> Extension Publications:<br /> <br /> <br /> Faghihi, J., Bower, B., Krupke C., and V.R. Ferris. Nematode Updates - Corn Parasitic Nematodes, Pest and Crops Newsletter 4/3/13.<br /> <br /> Faghihi, J., Wise, K., and V.R. Ferris. (2013). VIDEO: Soybean Cyst Nematode Plot Time-Lapse. http://extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2013/issue24/index.html<br /> <br /> Maung, Z.T.Z., Poindexter, S., Clark, G., Stewart, J., Hubbell, L., and H. Melakeberhan<br /> (2013). Effects of mustard and oil seed radish crops on reproduction of sugar beet<br /> cyst. 2013 research Results, Michigan Sugarbeet Research Education Advisory<br /> Council (REACH). 98<br /> <br /> Maung, Z.T.Z., McGrath, M., Poindexter, S., Clark, G., Stewart, J., Hubbell, L., and H. Melakeberhan (2013). Effects of rotation crops on soil health and reproduction of<br /> sugarbeet cyst and other nematodes. 2013 research Results, Michigan Sugarbeet<br /> Research Education Advisory Council (REACH). 98-100.<br /> <br /> Smith, D., Chilvers, M., Dorrance, A., Hughes, T., Mueller, D., Niblack, T., and K. Wise. 2014. Charcoal Rot Management in the North Central Region. Publication A4037, University of Wisconsin Extension.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L. and M. P. Mullaney. 2013. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant soybeans for Iowa. Iowa State University Extension Publication PM 1649, 22 pp.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L., Gebhart, G.D., Marett, C.C., and M.P. Mullaney. 2013. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa – 2013. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM 52, 32 pp.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2013. Increased early SCN activity may problematic for soybean producers. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (5 June 2013).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2013. Sample fields for soybean cyst nematode. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (25 October 2013).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2013. Hundreds of SCN-resistant soybean varieties available for 2014. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (31 October 2013).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2013. Get the latest information on performance of SCN-resistant soybeans. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (18 December 2013).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2014. Trial results show dual benefits of SCN resistance. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (17 January 2014).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2014. Be wary of high SCN numbers in 2014. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (10 February 2014).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2014. SCN females now apparent on infected soybean roots. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (11 June 2014).<br />

Impact Statements

1. Soybean growers in the North Central region are able to make informed, science-based decisions on which varieties to plant in areas where SCN infestation threatens to reduce yields.
2. North Central growers have uniform, unbiased information to guide the purchase and nematicide seed treatments for the control of SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes.
3. Methods for assessing the threat of nematode losses in the Midwest are coordinated, leading to efficient use of funds, investigator time and prompt delivery of information to growers.
4. A corn parasitic nematode risk matrix is allows growers to enhance the usefulness of soil sampling as a means to minimize nematode damage.
5. Results from this project have directly led to the following successful grant proposals: Optimizing Profitability and Improving Sustainability of Corn Production Practices for Indiana.Investigators: RL (Bob) Nielsen, Jim Camberato, Kiersten Wise, and Jamal Faghihi. Indiana Corn Marketing Council. Developing Integrated Management and Communication Plan for Sudden Death Syndrome. Investigators: Muller, D, L. Leanadro, L. Kull, C. Bradley, G. Tylka, S. Cianzio, A. Tenuta, M. Chilvers, K. Wise, J. Faghihi, and V. Ferris. North Central Soybean Research Program. A soil health strategy for boosting multi-sector rural development in sub-Saharan Africa: What is the soil biology story? Investigator: H. Melakeberhan. The Howard G. Buffett Foundation. Effects of mustard and oil seed radish crops on reproduction of sugar beet cyst. Investigators: Melakeberhan, H., Poindexter S., Clark G., Stewar J., and H. Lee. Michigan Sugar Company.

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Report Information

Participants

Chen, Senyu (chenx099@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Faghihi, Jamal (jamal@purdue.edu) - Purdue University;
MacGuidwin, Ann (aem@plantpath.wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin-Madison;
Melakeberhan, Haddish (malakebe@anr.msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Niblack, Terry (niblack.2@osu.edu) - The Ohio State University;
Pueppke, Steve (pueppke@anr.msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Robbins, Robert (rrobbin@uark.edu) - University of Arkansas;
Schroeder, Nathan (nes@illinois.edu) - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign;
Todd, Tim (nema@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;
Tylka, Greg (gltylka@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University;
Welacky, Tom (tom.welacky@agr.gc.ca) - Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada
Yan, Guiping (guiping.yan@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual NC1197 meeting was hosted by Senyu Chen at the University of Minnesota Arboretum. The meeting was called to order at 9:00 AM on 7/7/2015 with introductions, announcements, and discussion of meeting format. Steve Pueppke (administrative advisor) discussed the timeline and the requirements for renewal of the current project. The deadline for submitting a request to write a proposal is September 15, 2015. Objectives for renewal are due by October 15, 2015. The due date of the completed proposal is December 1, 2015. The objectives of the new proposal should be discussed and agreed by all the involved states. The renewal proposal should be broad and inclusive. Miller, an IPM specialist and guest from the University of Minnesota Arboretum, gave a PowerPoint presentation entitled: “Emerging Pests at the MN landscape Arboretum.” The meeting ended on 7/8/15 with discussion of potential sites and times for 2016. Tom Welacky agreed to make the local arrangements for the 2016 meeting in Montreal. Guiping Yan and Jamal Faghihi were nominated as next year’s Chair and secretary, respectively.

The primary goal of this meeting was to present and discuss research results related to the project objectives. A complete file of the meeting minutes and submitted state reports is available upon request from Guiping Yan. A summary of these results with emphasis on decisions is presented below by objective:

Objective 1: Develop, evaluate, improve, and integrate management techniques for plant-parasitic nematodes in the North Central Region to increase grower profitability.

A. Evaluation of SCN-resistant soybean lines and cultivars.
Several states (AR, IA, KS, MN, ND) and Ontario Canada have ongoing variety performance test trials against virulent soybean cyst nematode (SCN) HG Types/races. Across these states and provinces, more than 900 cultivars and lines were tested. Some of these tests were performed in multiple locations representing diverse virulent forms of SCN. Results of the evaluations are typically presented online and in direct extension publications to growers and represent a valuable source of information for growers, breeders and seed companies. This information is useful for assessing the effects of the virulence type of the SCN population on agronomic performance of the soybean cultivars and for testing hypotheses on the adaptation of SCN populations to host resistance.

B. Assessment of HG Types and other aspects of virulence.
Several states (KS, IN, MN, AR, WI, ND) and Ontario Canada have ongoing surveys and evaluations of SCN HG Types/races. Assessment of HG type in most of the states was performed using a standardized bioassay under controlled conditions. Various HG Types were reported among states but HG Type 2 populations (capable of reproduction on PI88788) are common. This indicates that the common source of resistance (PI 88788) to SCN is not effectively controlling the SCN populations in the states. The spread of HG Type 2 populations is likely caused by the extensive use of soybean cultivars with PI88788 sources of resistance over years. We hypothesize that new virulent forms develop over time due to continuous use of the same sources of resistance. Monitoring SCN populations for changes in virulence across states or within a state is important to navigate the use of resistance sources for growers and the new resistance sources that should be introduced to breeding programs for developing new cultivars.

C. Evaluation of new nematicidal seed treatments for management of SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes.
New chemical and biological seed treatment products have been introduced into the commercial market by agricultural companies for controlling both SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes. These products include Poncho Votivo, Avicta Complete, and Clariva/Pasturia. Assessment of these products and other chemical compounds is being performed in several states (IL, IN, MN, WI, AR, KS, ND, IA) and Ontario Canada. The effectiveness of these products on crop yield and nematode population densities was variable depending on levels of nematode populations, specific weather and soil conditions.

D. Evaluation of rotational crops and cultural practices for SCN and corn-parasitic nematode management.
A diverse set of trials were performed in several states (WI, MI, MN, KS) and Ontario Canada to evaluate the effects of cropping systems for suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. For example, the MacGuidwin lab (WI) studied nematode communities associated with corn in a long-term cropping system and found no differences in pressure from pest nematodes among conventional cash grain or organic grain or dairy corn enterprises. The effect of crop rotation and cover and trap cropping systems on sugar-beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schactii) was evaluated by the Melakeberhan lab (MI). The Chen lab (MN) continued field plots of a long-term corn-soybean crop sequence study and found that plant-parasitic nematodes partially contributed to the rotation effect on soybean and corn yields. The results from the Welacky lab (Ontario) revealed a large range of SCN reproduction on edible bean and the serious impact of potentially increasing SCN populations in a soybean-edible bean rotation system.

E. Investigation of pest interactions involving plant-parasitic nematodes and their contribution to yield losses in North Central Region crops.
The interaction between the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the fungal pathogen Fusarium verticilliodes was investigated by the MacGuidwin lab (WI). Four repeats of an experiment were conducted using four treatments: nematode only, fungus only, nematode + fungus, and a nontreated control. No treatment effects were detected for plant growth, plant biomass, or symptoms for plants grown for 24 days under controlled conditions.

Objective 2: Determine the relationships among nematode population characteristics, crop injury, and soil health.

A. Develop a list of damaging nematodes for corn and other major crops in the North Central Region.
Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with corn, wheat, sugarbeet and mint were determined in multiple states (e.g. OH, IN, WI) and Ontario Canada through both surveys as well as grower-submitted samples. Ongoing work in the Faghihi lab (IN) assayed the samples on corn and mint. Most of the corn samples have high levels of Needle, Lance and Lesion nematodes. Various plant-parasitic nematodes including Pin, Stunt, Spiral, Lesion, Needle and Root Knot were found in mint samples. Some of these nematodes like Root Knot and Needle were documented for the first time in Indiana.

B. Determine damage thresholds for major corn-parasitic nematode species.
There are relatively few studies documenting the impact of root-lesion nematodes on grain yield. A damage function for P. penetrans was developed by the MacGuidwin lab (WI) using a component error modeling approach. The model was able to estimate the yield loss caused by each nematode to be 0.0137% based on the initial soil assay. The damage function is more useful for demonstrating impact of lesion nematodes rather than for accurately predicting yield loss at the field level. A manuscript that revises outdated thresholds from multiple states is close to submission for publication for a new risk matrix of corn-parasitic nematodes.

C. Characterize infraspecific variation in host-parasite interactions across the North Central Region.
Results discussed in Objective 1B regarding HG Type variation are applicable to this sub-objective.

D. Develop predictive models of nematode population dynamics for SCN and other regionally-important plant-parasitic nematodes.
The Melakeberhan lab (MI) investigated the population dynamics of sugar beet cyst nematode in relationship to crop health, soil physiochemical properties, soil type, and soil food web structure. Principal component analysis showed distinct correlation patterns among crops grown in different soil types with nematode community indices and soil physiochemical properties.

E. Identify sampling and extraction issues related to management of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the region.
The proper sampling time for assessment of damage potential due to SCN was discussed. The committee agreed that fall sampling is valuable to detect high populations of SCN in field and make appropriate management recommendations for growers. To detect the presence or absence of nematodes, sampling can be done anytime throughout the year. The life cycle of nematodes should be considered for sampling.

Objective 3: Develop tools for technology transfer for management of regionally important nematodes with special reference to soybean cyst nematode and corn parasitic nematodes.

A. Assemble a dynamic database of soybean cultivar characteristics related to SCN resistance.
Several states (IA, KS, ND) have provided open access to the characterization of SCN resistance in hundreds of soybean cultivars. In Iowa, the list was printed as an Extension publication and was made available to growers free of charge in printed form.

B. Provide reliable information on the distribution of virulence phenotypes for SCN populations in the North Central Region.
Most states are currently monitoring virulence changing of SCN populations and investigating the distribution of virulence phenotypes in association with HG Type testing (see Objective 1B).

C. Provide readily accessible and reliable information on rapidly evolving nematode management strategies such as the new commercial seed treatments for nematode control.
All states provided information regarding plant-parasitic nematodes to stakeholders through grower talks, online publications and individual consulting.

D. Provide a consensus damage threshold for each of the major corn-parasitic nematodes in the NCR.
A manuscript is in preparation by several state representatives and is close to submission for publication in Plant Disease describing a new risk matrix for corn-parasitic nematodes.

Accomplishments

1. Hundreds of soybean lines and cultivars were tested for resistance to multiple SCN populations in various locations. This information has been made publically available through both free print and electronic distribution.<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. The distribution and virulence of SCN HG Types were assessed throughout the North Central Region. Recommendations were provided to growers based on these results. The information was also useful for navigating breeding programs for developing new resistant cultivars.<br /> <br /> <br /> 3. Commercially available new products of seed treatments for the control of nematodes on soybean and corn were evaluated in a wide-range of environmental conditions. This information was released to the public through field demonstrations, extension talks and electronic publications.<br />

Publications

Journal Articles<br /> <br /> <br /> Bao, Y., Vuong, T., Meinhardt, C., Tiffin, P., Denny, R., Chen, S., Nguyen, H. T., Orf, J. H., and N. D. Young. 2014. Potential of association mapping and genomic selection to explore PI88788 derived soybean cyst nematode resistance. The Plant Genome 7:doi10.3835/lantgenome2013.11.0039.<br /> <br /> Bender, B., and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Nematode pest pressure in long term corn based cropping rotations. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.166. <br /> <br /> Chen, P., Gray, C.P., Hart, T.L., Orazaly, M., Rupe, J.C., Dombek,D.G., Bond, R.D., <br /> Kirkpatrick,T., Robbins, R.T., and L.O. Ashlock. 2014. Registration of ‘UA 5612’<br /> soybean. J. of Plant Reg. 8(2):145-149. <br /> <br /> <br /> Chen, P., Orazaly, M., Rupe, J.C., Dombek, D.G., Kirkpatrick, T., Robbins, R.T., Wu, C., and P. Manjarrez. 2014. Registration of ‘UA 5213C’ soybean. J. of Plant Reg. 8(2): 150-154. <br /> <br /> <br /> Hopkins, B. G., Horneck, D. A., and A. E. MacGuidwin. 2014. Improving phosphorus use efficiency through potato rhizosphere modification and extension. American Journal of Potato Research 91:161-174.<br /> <br /> Jiao, Y., Vuong, T.D., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Noe, J., Robbins, R.T. Joshi,T., Xu, D., Grover Shannon, J. and H.T. Nguyen. 2015. Identification of antitative trait loci underlying resistance to southern root-knot and reniform nematodes in soybean accession PI 567516C. Molecular Breeding (2015) 35:131.<br /> <br /> <br /> Marburger, D., Conley, S.P., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and Smith, D.L. 2014. Relationship between Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines in commercial soybean (Glycine max) Fields in Wisconsin. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0107. <br /> <br /> <br /> Todd, T.C., Appel, J.A., Vogel, J., and N.A. Tisserat. 2014. Survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Kansas and eastern Colorado wheat fields. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0125.<br /> <br /> Zhao, X., and S. Chen. 2015. Decomposition of dead eggs of Heterodera glycines in soils. Nematropica 45:113-117.<br /> <br /> <br /> Abstracts and conference proceedings<br /> <br /> <br /> Beeman, A., Njus, Z., Jensen, J., Pandey, S., and G. Tylka. 2014. A microfluidic device to study chemotaxis of plant-parasitic nematodes of soybean. Proceedings of the 15th BiennialMolecular and Cellular Biology of the Soybean Conference, August 3-6, 2014, Minneapolis, MN. Page 102.<br /> <br /> Bender, B.E., and MacGuidwin, A.E. 2014. Nematode Community Structure in Corn-Based Cropping Systems Then (1995-1997) and Now (2012-2013). J. Nematol. 46(2):138<br /> <br /> Bender, B., and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Nematode pest pressure in long term corn based cropping rotations. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.166. <br /> <br /> Chawner, M., Ruark, M. D., and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Assessing the effectiveness for nematode suppression by radish. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.167. <br /> <br /> Chen, S. Y., Bao, Y. Z., Grabau, J., and S. Xiao .2014. Effects of long-term corn-soybean crop sequences and nematicide treatments on corn and soybean yields. 2014 APS-CPS Joint Meeting Abstract. Web/URL: http://www.apsnet.org/meetings/Documents/2014_meeting abstracts/aps2014abP315.htm.<br /> <br /> <br /> Habteweld, A., Brainard, D., Ngouajio, M., Kravchenko, S., and H. Melakeberhan. 2014. Potential use of compost for managing nematodes, soil health and carrot yield. 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Nematology 46: 171. <br /> <br /> <br /> Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Simon, A. C. M., Dossman, B. C., Paul, P. A., Dorrance, A. E., Lindsey, L. E. and T. L. Niblack. 2015. Distribution and abundance of Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina in Ohio. Proceedings of the American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting in Pasadena, California, USA. <br /> <br /> Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Lindsey, L. E., Diers, B. W., Dorrance, A. E. and T. L. Niblack. 2015. Evaluating the effect of Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina in soybean production. Proceedings of the Society of Nematologists 54th Annual Meeting in East Lansing, Michigan, USA. <br /> <br /> Lopez-Nicora, H.D., Diers, B.W., Dorrance, A. E., and T. L. Niblack. 2014. Macrophomina phaseolina and Heterodera glycines reducing soybean performance through early infection. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.72. <br /> <br /> Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Diers, B.W., Dorrance, A. E., and T. L. Niblack. 2014. Marker-assessed selection in tandem with bioassay predict soybean response in field with SCN. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. <br /> <br /> Lopez-Nicora, H. D., Dorrance, A. E., and T. L. Niblack. 2014. Evaluation of soybean fields infested with Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina in southern Ohio. OARDC Poster Competition. Wooster, Ohio. <br /> <br /> Lunt, T. and A. MacGuidwin. 2014. Interaction studies of Pratylenchus penetrans and Fusarium verticilliodes on corn seedlings. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.173.<br /> <br /> <br /> MacGuidwin, A. E. 2014. Nematode pests of potato – status and management updates. Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Conference 27:97-101.<br /> <br /> Marburger, D., Conley, J. S., Esker, P., MacGuidwin, A., and D. Smith. 2014. Relationship between SDS and SCN in Commercial Soybean Fields in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Management Conf. Proceedings 53:136-140.<br /> <br /> Melakeberhan, H., Schmidt, T., Maung, Z.T.A. Teal, T., Yildiz, S., Kimenju, J.W., Kwoseh, C. and V. Saka. 2014. Quantifying biological basis of soil health degradation in selected sub-Saharan Africa soil groups. 6th International Congress of Nematology, May 9, Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Nematology 46: 205.<br /> <br /> <br /> Robbins, R. T., Fallen, B., Shannon, G., Chen, P., Kantartza, S. K., Faske, T.R., Jackson, L.E., Gbur, E.E., Dombek,D.G., Velie, J.T., and P. Arelli. 2015. Reniform nematode reproduction on soybean cultivars and breeding lines in 2014. Proceeding of the 2015 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonia, TX. Jan 6-7. Pgs. 201-214.<br /> <br /> Tatalovic, N., Leandro, L.F., and G.L. Tylka. 2014. Effect of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) on age-related susceptibility of soybean plants to sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme. Phytopathology 104(S3):116-117.<br /> <br /> Thuo, A.K., Kimenju, J.W., Kariuki, G.M., Karuku, G.N., Wendot, P.K., and H. Melakeberhan. 2014. Seasonal variations of nematode assemblages and diversity in Virtisols, Cambisols and Arenosols soil groups in Kenya. 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Nematology 46: 247. <br /> <br /> <br /> Welacky, T.W. An abstract and poster was presented at the annual meeting of the North American Pulse Improvement Association, 2013, Niagara Falls Ontario.<br /> <br /> Welacky, T.W. and A. Navabi. 2013. Impact of Soybean Cyst Nematodes on Pulse Crops in Canada. Poster for the North American Pulse Improvement Association 2014 annual meeting, Niagara Falls, Ontario.<br /> <br /> <br /> Extension publications:<br /> <br /> <br /> Bohner, H. and T. Welacky. 2013, December. CropSide – Soybean Cyst Nematode. Grain Farmers of Ontario. www.gfo.ca/cropside<br /> <br /> Maung, Z.T.Z., Poindexter, S., Clark, G., Stewart, J., Hubbell, L. and H. Melakeberhan. 2014. Effects of rotation and cover crops on harmful nematodes and soil health in loam and silt loam sugar beet fields. 2014 research Results, Michigan Sugar beet Research Education Advisory Council (REACH). 85-89.<br /> <br /> <br /> Mathew, F., Markell, S., Jantzi, D., Yan, G., Nelson, B., and T. Helms. 2014. Soybean cyst nematode. North Dakota Cooperative Extension Service Publication PP-1732.<br /> <br /> <br /> Jeanine M. 2013. It's Here to Stay - Soybean Cyst Nematode must be managed. Top Crop Manager east. Pg. 20-21.<br /> <br /> Kandel, H., Helms, T., Markell, S., Nelson, B., Jain, S., Deplazes, C., Mehring, G., Ostlie, M. Schatz, B., Besemann, L., Rickertsen, J., Olson, R., Eriksmoen, E., Tarasenko, J., Effertz, J., Hanson, R., Hakanson, T., Henry, L., Bergman, J., Pradhan, G., Amiot, D., Lamolinare, B., Tjelde, T., Zimprich, B., and A. Harstad. 2014. North Dakota soybean variety trial results for 2014 and selection guide. North Dakota Cooperative Extension Service Publication A-843.<br /> <br /> Potter, B., Chen, S., Glogoza, P., and R. Miller. 2015. A 2014 multi-site field study on the effects of clariva seed treatment on soybean yield and soybean cyst nematode reproduction. Minnesota Crop News. Web/URL: http://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2015/02/a-2014-multi-site-field-study-on.html<br /> <br /> Tenuta, A. and T. Welacky. 2014. Corn and soybean nematode management in Ontario. 2014 Research Highlights – Insects and Diseases. Grain Farmers of Ontario. www.gfo.ca/Research.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L. and M. P. Mullaney. 2014. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant soybeans for Iowa. Iowa State University Extension Publication PM 1649, 26 pp.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G.L., Gebhart, G.D., Marett, C.C., and M.P. Mullaney. 2014. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa – 2014. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM 52, 32 pp.<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2014. Cover crops and SCN: what’s the connection. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (25 September 2014).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2014. One oft forgotten important fall chore – sampling fields for SCN. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (16 October 2014).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. 2014. More choices of SCN-resistant soybean varieties for Iowa for 2015. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (21 October 2014).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G., C. Marett, A. Robertson, M. Serrano-Porras, and T. Mueller. 2015. Field experiments show effects of Clariva™ seed treatment in 2014. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (6 February 2015).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. Get to the root of the problem: an easy way to check for SCN. Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (3 June 2015).<br /> <br /> Tylka, G. How’s your SCN resistance holding up? Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management News (22 June 2015).<br /> <br /> Welacky, T.W. Annual Reports - Ontario Soybean Variety Trials. Ontario Soybean And Canola Committee. 12 pages. Soybean Co-coordinator. Producer and editor of internet site, http://www.gosoy.ca that includes: Variety Information and Performance Profile (ViPP), performance graphs, % Protein and % Oil reports and tables of varietal responses to SCN and other important soybean diseases in Ontario.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. As a result of the survey, growers in in the North Central region are able to assess their likelihood of SCN in existing in their growing region. Additionally, they are much more likely to sample for SCN proactively.
2. Soybean growers in this region are able to make informed, science-based decisions on which varieties to plant in highly infested fields where SCN threatens to reduce yields.
3. North Central growers are able to make unbiased, informed decisions about the purchase and use of nematicide seed treatments for the control of SCN and corn-parasitic nematodes.
4. Methods for assessing the threat of nematode losses in the Midwest are coordinated, leading to efficient use of funds, investigator time and prompt delivery of information to growers.
5. The study of long-term crop sequence effect on nematodes and corn soybean yields increase understanding of the mechanisms of yield penalty caused by inadequate crop rotation in the corn-soybean production systems in the region.
6. The study provides quantitative and integrated data base that are critical to cropping systems decision-making and managing soil health to benefit growers and the environment.
7. A corn parasitic nematode risk matrix allows growers to enhance the usefulness of soil sampling as a means to minimize nematode damage.
8. Results from this project have directly led to the following successful grant proposals: Optimizing Profitability and Improving Sustainability of Corn Production Practices for Indiana. Investigators: RL (Bob) Nielsen, Jim Camberato, Kiersten Wise, and Jamal Faghihi. Indiana Corn Marketing Council. Developing Integrated Management and Communication Plan for Sudden Death Syndrome. Investigators: Muller, D, L. Leanadro, L. Kull, C. Bradly, G. Tylka, S. Cianzio, A. Tenuta, M. Chilvers, K. Wise, J. Faghihi, and V. Ferris. North Central Soybean Research Program.

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Report Information

Participants

Chen, Senyu (chenx099@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Faghihi, Jamal (jamal@purdue.edu) - Purdue University;
MacGuidwin, Ann (aem@plantpath.wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin-Madison;
Melakeberhan, Haddish (malakebe@anr.msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Pueppke, Steve (pueppke@anr.msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Schroeder, Nathan (nes@illinois.edu) - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign;
Tenuta, Albert crop disease specialist, OMAFRA
Tylka, Greg (gltylka@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University;
Welacky, Tom (tom.welacky@agr.gc.ca) - Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada
Yan, Guiping (guiping.yan@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

<ul><br /> <li>Arkansas soybean producers can easily find the most resistant and highest yielding soybean variety for their location and disease situation by use of this web site <a href="http://www.arkansasvarietytesting.com/">http://www.arkansasvarietytesting.com/</a></li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Hundreds of soybean lines and cultivars were tested for resistance to multiple SCN populations in various locations. This information has been made publically available through both print and electronic distribution.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>The distribution and virulence of SCN HG Types were assessed throughout the North Central Region. Recommendations were provided to growers based on these results. The information was valuable in breeding programs for developing new resistant cultivars.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Commercially available new products of seed treatments for the control of plant parasitic nematodes on soybean and corn were evaluated in a wide-range of environmental conditions. This information was released to the public through field demonstrations, extension talks and publications.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>New sampling guideline were developed based on the surveys conducted in corn and mint fields. These guidelines will help in diagnosis and management of plant parasitic nematodes associated with these crops.</li><br /> </ul>

Publications

<p><strong>&nbsp;</strong><strong>Journal Articles</strong></p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Beeman, A.Q., C.J. Harbach, C.C. Marett, and G.L. Tylka. 2016. Soybean cyst nematode HG type test results differ among multiple samples collected from the same field but the management implications are the same. Plant Health Progress 17:160-161. doi: 10.1094 / PHP-BR-16-0033.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>da Silva, M.P., G.L. Tylka, and G.P. Munkvold. 2016. Seed treatment effects on maize seedlings coinfected with <em>Fusarium</em> and <em>Pratylenchus penetrans</em>. Plant Dis. 100:431-437.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Kanobe, C., M.T. McCarville, M.E. O&rsquo;Neal, G.L. Tylka, and G.C. MacIntosh. 2015. Soybean aphid infestation induces changes in fatty acid metabolism in soybean. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0145660. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145660.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Grabau, Z. J., and Chen, S. Y. 2016. Determining the role of plant-parasitic nematodes in the corn-soybean crop rotation yield effect using nematicide application: I. corn.&nbsp; Agronomy Journal 108:782-793.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Grabau, Z. J., and Chen, S. Y. 2016. Determining the role of plant-parasitic nematodes in the corn-soybean crop rotation yield effect using nematicide application: II. soybean.&nbsp; Agronomy Journal 108:1168-1179.King, C.,&nbsp; December, 2015. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Resisting Soybean Cyst Nematode</span> - Bringing new sources of SCN resistance into soybeans. Top Crop Manager east. Vol. 41, No 16, pg. 5-7.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>MacGuidwin, A. E., and B. E. Bender. 2016. Development of a damage function model for <em>Pratylenchus penetrans</em> on corn. Plant Disease 100:764-769</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Melakeberhan H, W. Wang, A. Kravchenko, and&nbsp; K. Thelen (2015). Effects of agronomic practices on the timeline of <em>Heterodera glycines</em> establishment in a new location. <em>Nematology</em>, 17:705-713.&nbsp;</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Nair, M.G., Seenivasan, N., Liu, Y., Feick, R.M., Maung, Z.T.A. and Melakeberhan, H. (2015). Leaf constituents of <em>Curcuma</em> spp. suppress <em>Meloidogyne hapla</em> and increase bacterial-feeding nematodes. <em>Nematology</em>, 17:353&ndash;361.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Potter, B., S. Chen, P. Glogoza, D. Malvick, and R. Miller .2016. A 2015 multi-site field study on the effects of seed treatment on soybean yield and soybean cyst nematode reproduction.&nbsp; University of Miinnesota SWROC. Web/URL: <span style="text-decoration: underline;">https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/sites/swroc.cfans.umn.edu/files/2015_statewide_clariva_cropnews_ed_penulimate_0.pdf</span>.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Robbins, R. T., Pengyin Chen, Grover Shannon, Stella Kantartzi, Zenglu Li, Travis Faske, Jeff Velie, Larry Jackson, Edward Gbur, and Donald Dombek. 2016. Reniform Nematode Reproduction on Soybean Cultivars and Breeding Lines in 2015. Proceedings of the 2016 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, New Orleans, LA, January 5-7, Pg. 131-143.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Simon, A. C., T. L. Niblack, and P. A. Paul. 2015. Influence of cropping practices and soil characteristics on the presence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in corn fields in Ohio. Phytopathology 105(Suppl. 4):S4.128.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Simon, A. C., T. L. Niblack, and P. A. Paul. 2015. Frequency and heterogeneity of plant-parasitic nematodes in corn fields in Ohio. Phytopathology 105(Suppl. 4):S4.128.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G. L. 2016. Understanding soybean cyst nematode HG types and races. Plant Health Progress 17:149-151. doi:10.1094/PHP-PS-16-0615.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Welacky, T.W. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">2015 Annual Report - Ontario Soybean Variety Trials</span>. Ontario Soybean And Canola Committee. 12 pages. Soybean Co-coordinator. Producer and editor of&nbsp; <a href="http://www.gosoy.ca">http://www.gosoy.ca</a> that includes: Variety Information and Performance Profile (<strong>ViPP</strong>), performance graphs, % Protein and % Oil reports and tables of varietal responses to SCN and other important soybean diseases in Ontario.</li><br /> <li>Wise, K. J. Faghihi, V. R. Ferris. Effect of soybean cyst nematode resistant cultivars on HG type 2 populations of <em>Heterodera glycines </em>and sudden death syndrome in Indiana soybean. Crops, Forage &amp; Turfgrass Management (in press).</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., Upadhaya, A., Gudmestad, N. C., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the stubby root nematode <em>Paratrichodorus allius </em>on potato in North Dakota. <em>Plant Disease</em> 100: 1247 (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1350-PDN">http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1350-PDN</a>).</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Yan, G. P., Plaisance, A., Huang, D., Gudmestad, N. C., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the root-lesion nematode <em>Pratylenchus scribneri</em> infecting potato in North Dakota. <em>Plant Disease</em> 100: 1023 (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1227-PDN">http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1227-PDN</a>).</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Yan, G. P., Khan, M., Huang, D., Lai, X., and Handoo, Z. A. 2016. First report of the stubby root nematode <em>Paratrichodorus allius </em>on sugar beet in Minnesota. <em>Plant Disease</em> 100: 1022. (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1231-PDN)">http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-15-1231-PDN)</a>.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Abstracts and conference proceedings</strong></p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Byamukama, E., K. Acharya, and G.L. Tylka. 2015. Determining <em>Heterodera glycines</em> HG types to improve soybean cyst nematode management in South Dakota. Proceedings of the 2015 Phytopathology 105 (Suppl.) S4.22.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Beeman, A. and G.L. Tylka. 2015. Effects of ILeVO and VOTiVO seed treatments on hatching, motility and root penetration of the soybean cyst nematode. Proceedings of the 2015 Phytopathology 105 (Suppl.) S4.14</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Clifton, E.H., E.W. Hodgson, G.L. Tylka, and A.J. Gassmann. 2015. Proceedings of the 2015 North Central Branch Meeting of the Entomological Society of America.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Grabau, Z.J., Noyes, D.C., Baas, D., Werling. B.P., Brainard, D.C., and H. Melakeberhan (2015). Allies and enemies: Nematodes and cover cropping in Michigan carrot production. <em>Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable, and Farm Market Expo</em>. Grand Rapids, Michigan. Poster</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Habteweld, A., D. Brainard, M. Ngouajio, S. Kravchenko, and H. Melakeberhan (2015). Integrating the concepts of fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and nematode-based soil food web models for broader use in soil health management. <em>54^th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists</em>. <em>Journal of Nematology, </em>47:239-240.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Maung, Z.T.Z., S. Poindexter, J. Stewart, L. Hubbell, and H. Melakeberhan (2015). Effects of rotation and cover crops on nematode communities and soil health in different sugar beet production soils. <em>54^th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists</em>. <em>Journal of Nematology, </em>47:256.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Maung, Z.T.Z., S. Yildiz, J.W. Kimenju, C. Kwoseh, V. Saka, and H. Melakeberhan (2015). Soil health differences in three African Soil groups revealed by Nematode Community analysis. <em>54^th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists</em>. <em>Journal of Nematology</em> 47: 255-256.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Simon, A. C. M., Niblack, T. L., Paul, P. A. 2014. A survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with corn (Zea mays) in Ohio. Phytopathology &nbsp;104 (Suppl.) S4.110.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L., C.C. Marett, A.E. Robertson, M. Serrano, and T.A. Mueller. 2015. Effects of Clariva seed treatment on soybean cyst nematode (<em>Heterodera glycines</em>) population densities and soybean yields in Iowa in 2014. Phytopathology 105 (Suppl.) S4.140.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Extension publications:</strong></p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Cassida, K., Melakeberhan, H., Robertson, P. and Snapp, S. (2015). No matter how you slice it, healthy soil is important. Michigan State University, AgBioResearch Features. <a href="http://agbioresearch.msu.edu/news/no_matter_how_you_slice_it_healthy_soil_is_important?utm_source=MSU+AgBioResearch+E-Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=d2b52059b8-Futures_Spring_Summer_2015&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_766437723c-d2b52059b8-230134969">http://agbioresearch.msu.edu/news/no_matter_how_you_slice_it_healthy_soil_is_important?utm_source=MSU+AgBioResearch+E-Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=d2b52059b8-Futures_Spring_Summer_2015&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_766437723c-d2b52059b8-230134969</a>. Posted on July 26, 2105.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Faghihi, J. and V. R. Ferris. 2015. Sampling for Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Your Result is as Good as the Sample You Provide- Pest and crop Newsletter. https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2015/issue1/.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Faghihi, J. and V. R. Ferris. 2015. Nematode updates- Corn Parasitic Nematodes - Pest and crop Newsletter. https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2015/issue8/</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Hodgson, E.W., Tylka, G.L., and A.J. Gassmann. 2016. Managing two soybean pests to optimize yield. <em>Integrated Crop Management News.</em> Paper 2327. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/2327</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Khan, M., Arabiat, S., Chanda, A. K., and Yan, G. P. 2016. Sugar beet cyst nematode. North Dakota Extension Bulletin PP1788, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND. 2 p. (online at <a href="https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/pests/pp1788.pdf">https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/pests/pp1788.pdf</a>).</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Markell, S., Yan, G. P., Nelson, B., Knudson, M., and Larson, C. 2015. Soybean cyst distribution in North Dakota. North Dakota State University Cooperative Extension Service - Crop and Pest Report. Issue 2: Pp 4-7.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>MacGuidwin, A. E. 2015. Intercropping forage pearl millet with soybean to reduce the increase of root lesion nematodes. Proceedings of Wisconsin&rsquo;s Annual Potato Meeting, 28:101-102.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>MacGuidwin, A.E., VanHaren, R., LaPorte, L., Diercks, S., Diercks, A. 2015. Soil mapping for potato early dying. Proceedings of Wisconsin&rsquo;s Annual Potato Meeting, 28:103-106.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>MacGuidwin, A. E., and B. E. Bender. 2016. Predicting potato early dying in Wisconsin potato fields. Proceedings of Wisconsin&rsquo;s Annual Potato Meeting, 29:51-52.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>MacGuidwin, A. E., B. Bender, I. Saeed, R. VanHaren, L. LaPorte, and Coloma Farms. 2016. Soil mapping for variable rate fumigation. Proceedings of Wisconsin&rsquo;s Annual Potato Meeting, 29:53-57</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>MacGuidwin, A.E., Kane, A., Gorsline, S. Predicting yield in fields with high damage potential from potato early dying. Proceedings of Wisconsin&rsquo;s Annual Potato Meeting, 28:97-100</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Nelson, B., Yan, G. P., Markell, S. G., and Pasche, J. S. 2015. Sample your soil for soybean cyst nematode! Northarvest BeanGrower Magazine. 21(3):28-29.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Pasche, J. S., Zitnick-Anderson, K., Pederson, S., and Yan, G. P. Survey of field pea root rot in North Dakota. The Pulse; The Official Publication of the Northern Pulse Growers Association. April, 2015 Feature Article.</li><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L. and M. P. Mullaney. 2015. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant soybeans for Iowa. Iowa State University Extension Publication PM 1649, 28 pp.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L., G.D. Gebhart, C.C. Marett, and M.P. Mullaney. 2015. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa &ndash; 2015. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM‑52, 32 pp.</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L. 2016. SCN resistance continues to pay twice in 2015. <em>Integrated Crop Management News.</em> Paper 2325. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/2325</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L., C. Marett, A. Robertson, M. Serrano-Porras, and T. Mueller. 2015. Field experiments show effects of Clariva&trade; seed treatment in 2014. Integrated Crop Management News. Paper 308. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/308</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L.2015. Get to the root of the problem: an easy way to check for SCN. Integrated Crop Management News. Paper 337. <a href="http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/337">http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/337</a></li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L. 2015. How&rsquo;s your SCN resistance holding up?. <em>Integrated Crop Management News.</em> Paper 458. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/458</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L. 2015. Enjoy the beautiful fall weather; go sampling for SCN. <em>Integrated Crop Management News.</em> Paper 1489. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/1489</li><br /> </ul><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Tylka, G.L. 2015. Record number of SCN-resistant soybean varieties available, more with Peking resistance. <em>Integrated Crop Management News.</em> Paper 1775. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cropnews/1775</li><br /> </ul>

Impact Statements

1. The soil health study provides quantitative and integrated data base that are critical to cropping systems decision-making and managing soil health to benefit growers and the environment.

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