NC_OLD1030: Family Firms and Policy in Times of Disruption (NC1030)
(Multistate Research Project)
Status: Inactive/Terminating
Date of Annual Report: 12/19/2011
Report Information
Annual Meeting Dates: 10/09/2011
- 10/11/2011
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2010 - 09/01/2011
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2010 - 09/01/2011
Participants
Technical Committee MembersFitzgerald, Margaret (Margaret.fitzgerald@ndsu.edu) North Dakota State University;
Haynes, George (haynes@montana.edu) Montana State University;
Jasper, Cynthia (crjasper@wisc.edu) University of Wisconsin;
Lee, Yoon (yoon.lee@usu.edu) Utah State University;
Marshall, Maria (mimarsha@purdue.edu) Purdue University;
Masuo, Diane (masuo@hawaii.edu) University of Hawaii;
Muske, Glenn (glenn.muske@ndsu.edu) North Dakota State University;
Niehm, Linda (niehmlin@iastate.edu) Iowa State University;
Schrank, Holly (schrankh@purdue.edu) Purdue University;
Stafford, Kay (Stafford.2@osu.edu) Ohio State University;
Corinne Valdivia (valdiviac@missouri.edu) University of Missouri;
Non-Technical Committee Members
Kathryn Boys (kboys@vt.edu) Clemson University;
Martha Martinez (mmarti75@depaul.edu) DePaul University;
Sandra Sydnor (ssyndorb@purdue.edu) Purdue University;
Brief Summary of Minutes
Accomplishments
The NC1030 group made significant programs toward their stated objectives. Linda Niehm and Jane Swinney served as Guest Co-Editors for a special family business focused issue of the Journal of Family and Economic Issues (2010, Issue 31, Volume 4). The special issue contained seven papers focused on the operation of family businesses and their response to environmental conditions of adversity and change, as well as family relationships, and intermingling of family and business resources. Of the seven papers, four were authored by NC-1030 research team members (Niehm et al., Pushkarskaya & Marshall, Stafford et al., and Yilmazer & Schrank). <br /> <br /> The research of several members of the group focused on minority family business owners. Korean and Mexican American businesses were analyzed from the 2003/2005 National Minority Business Owner Survey. The survey instrument is based on the 1997 National Family Business Survey. Another study by Lee found that only 15 percent of Korean business owners speak English in the household and Korean owners have lived in the U.S., on average, 22 years. Typical Korean-owned business was established in 1994. Majority (91.5%) of the Korean-owned business was non-home based. There are many distinct differences between Korean- and White-owned family businesses. Korean business owners experienced lower levels of business success and goal achievement. Korean business owners were more likely to be involved in financing from banks and were more likely to be involved in religious or community social networks compared to the White business owners. The human capital and social capital of the Korean business owner are important determinant of business success and business goal achievement. Business size and business age significantly the business goal achievement among Korean-owned family businesses. <br /> <br /> Research published by Niehm, L. S., Tyner, K., Shelley, M., & Fitzgerald, M. (2010) provides theoretical understanding of how smaller family businesses adopt integrated IT and use it to manage business needs and demands over time. It also provides understanding of the potential benefits of IT usage for small family firms and the antecedent conditions which help or hinder its adoption. Development of IT skills and capabilities may help family firms to effectively manage the overlap or interface between business and family, communicate more effectively within and between business networks, better serve customers, and be more competitive in the marketplace. Even the smallest businesses can gain advantages through gathering and tracking customer and market information, wholesale purchasing, and on-line interaction with customers. In the long term such capabilities and skills may lead to the enhanced sustainability of family firms. <br /> <br /> Data analysis and manuscript development continue for our USDA grant, Rural Community Resiliency: The Role of the Retail Sector in Easing the Effects of Slow Motion Shocks. Rural business outreach projects were again conducted in spring 2011 with rural retail and hospitality firms through collaboration with the Greenfield, IA Chamber of Commerce and Main Street Program. A total of six businesses from this small community were provided with marketing and branding assistance, competitive strategic advice, and physical enhancements of the actual business. Student consulting teams from the Entrepreneurship in Human Sciences class were led by Linda Niehm for this outreach project. Data analysis is underway for the Rural Renaissance Community Index (RRCI) Project which is focused on identifying factors that attract and retaining residents in small rural Iowa communities.<br /> <br /> Research results and outreach pieces developed as a result of the projects research results were used in the natural disaster work done in MN because caused by torrential rains and flooding. Family Conflict and Family Integrity tools were published in a book for family business owners and practitioners who work with family businesses. A case study is overlaid with the Sustainable Family Business Theory within a new family business book. In this way, a greater understanding of this complex systems theory will ensue.<br /> The work of the NSF Project Teams (Danes, Stafford and Haynes; and Marshall and Schrank) was reviewed by the staff at the Department of Homeland Security and Federal Emergency Management Agency. Based on this review, Haynes attended a meeting to discuss NC1030 involvement in their disaster mitigation efforts through a program entitled PS-PREP.<br /> <br /> A policy paper was written to examine the impact of the potential lapse in the Bush tax cuts established under the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA) and Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA) utilizing data from the Federal Reserve Boards Survey of Consumer Finance for 2007. This analysis supplemented similar work by the Tax Policy Center and others. A second policy paper was written examining retirement assets held by small business owners, who own and manage the business and have fewer than 500 employees, utilizing the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finance. The study carefully examines the behavior of small business owners who earn a high percentage of their income and hold a high percentage of their net worth in business income and assets, respectively. Bank lending reports were prepared for the ten SBA regions. These reports examined the decline in lending by depository lenders from 2007 through 2010. <br /> <br /> Results of a study comparing copreneurs to non-copreneurial family business owners on perceptions of community social responsibility (CSR) indicate that coprenerus and noncoprenerus did not differ on the three dimensions of community responsibility as anticipated. The dependent variables examined were two of the three dimensions of community social responsibility as previously operationalized by Niehm et al. (2008) -- commitment to the community, and community support. A third dimension, perception of community vitality, was based on a single question asking the business owner his or her impression of whether or not the locale used to be a better community. Literature suggests that copreneurs may be searching for the perfect blend of work and family, and a logical extension would be to expand the scope to the community. The study was exploratory in nature therefore it is premature to say that the results are definitive on the lack of differences. Additional research is necessary to determine the validity of the measures of CSR used in this study, and efforts should be made to develop more reliable measures as the alphas for these indices are not as high as desired. <br /> <br /> Research was conducted on the economic impact of the tobacco buyout program on Kentucky tobacco farmers and Kentucky rural communities. Tobacco farmers were expected to transition to other business activities. However, farmers decide individually how they spend their tobacco quota, and their expenditure decision is influenced by their age, education, on and off farm income, and overall lifestyle. Therefore, the composition of the farm population has a significant impact on the outcomes of the tobacco buy-out program on rural communities. Research has also focused on family structure and its effect on adaptation strategies of farm family businesses.<br /> <br /> The process of business recovery from disaster has yet to be studied comprehensively. Understanding this process is important not only to characterize and reduce attrition post-disaster but also to determine whether private and government disaster relief policy, business owner practices and family and community factors are leading to recovery. Research to date has narrowly focused on business characteristics and not on the interactions and interdependencies among businesses, the business owners family, and the community. A systems theory approach advocates considering simultaneous stressors on the business, family, and community to understand what leads to business demise or recovery. This NSF and AFRI funded research uses comprehensive data on business owners and their families to assess the extent to which family considerations and owner patterns of adjustment to change impact business recovery or non-recovery. This research examines disaster aid practices and policy and the role of community in business owner decisions post-disaster. The research uses a theoretical systems framework to examine the interaction and relative importance of factors such as business and owner characteristics, challenges faced by families and businesses, family resiliency and adjustment strategies, owner risk-taking, spatial characteristics of the disaster, and infrastructure changes created by a disaster on the post-event recovery or demise of small and medium sized businesses. <br />Publications
Niehm, L. S. & Swinney, J.L. Guest editors introduction to the special issue on family business. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(4), 397-398.<br /> <br /> Niehm, L. S., Tyner, K., Shelley, M., & Fitzgerald, M. (2010). Technology Adoption in Small Family-Owned Businesses: Accessibility, Perceived Advantage, and Information Technology Literacy. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(4), 498-515.<br /> <br /> Frazier, B. J. & Niehm, L.S., (2010). The Influence of the Institutional Environment on Community Perceptions of Rural Retailer Performance. Available at http://www.itaaonline.org [abstract].Research presentation for 2010 International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) Annual Meeting, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 27-30, 2010.<br /> <br /> Kim, H., Niehm, L. S., & Park, S., (2010). The Assessment of Information Quality in Small Business Websites. Available at http://www.itaaonline.org [abstract].Research presentation for 2010 International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) Annual Meeting, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 27-30, 2010.<br /> <br /> Danes, S.M. & Stafford, K. (2011). Family social capital as family business resilience capacity. In Richard Sorenson (Ed.), Family Business and Social Capital (ppgs. 79-105, Chapter 7). Edward Elgar: UK.<br /> <br /> Haynes, G., Danes, S.M., & Stafford, K. (2011). Influence of federal disaster assistance on family business survival and success. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 19 (2), 86-98.<br /> <br /> Lee, Y. L., Jasper, C. J. & Fitzgerald, M. A. (2010). Gender differences in perceived business success and profit growth among family business managers. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31, 458-474. DOI: 10.1007/s10834-010-9226-z<br /> <br /> Niehm, L. S., Tyner, K. E., Shelley, M. C., & Fitzgerald, M. A. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of information technology adoption in small family-owned businesses. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(4), 498-515. DOI: 10.1007/s10834-010-9197-0.<br /> <br /> Muske, G. (2010) Entrepreneurship and Programmatic Needs: Perception of Extension Agents and Economic Developers . Bismarck, ND: Center for Community Vitality, NDSU Extension. <br /> <br /> Pushkarskaya, H. and M.I. Marshall. 2010. Family Structure, Policy Shocks, and Family Business Adjustment Choices. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 31(4):414-426. <br /> <br /> Peake, W.O. and M.I. Marshall. (2011). Does Experience Dictate Entrepreneurial Firm Performance? Southern Journal of Entrepreneurship 4(1):49-70. <br /> <br /> Flaig, A. and M.I. Marshall. The Marriage Tax: Do Marriage and Children Impact the Success of Self-Employed Men and Women Differently? Presented and published online in Proceedings of 2010 International Council for Small Business, Cincinnati, OH, June, 2010.<br /> <br /> M.I. Marshall and A. Flaig. Can Women Have It All? The Impact of Gender and Children on the Self-Employed. Presented and published online in Proceedings of 2011 USASBE Conference, Hilton Head, SC, January, 2011. <br /> <br /> Lee, Y. & Zachary, R. (2011). Determinants of business success among Korean-owned small business in the U.S.: The role of human capital, financial capital, and social capital. Proceedings of the 9th Asian Consumer and Family Economics Association Conference, Seoul, Korea, 9, 201-213.<br />Impact Statements
- How coping mechanisms work in minority family businesses Measures of business success in Korean and Mexican American family businesses
- The special family business issue of the Journal of Family and Economic Issues (2011, Issue 31, Volume 4) will significantly extend the reach and impact of NC 1030 research. The JFEI is in the process of applying for inclusion in the SSI listings. Once this is complete the NC1030 research impacts will be even greater due to impact factor citations available through SSI.
- Research by Niehm, Tyner, Shelley, and Fitzgerald published in the special issue of the Journal of Family and Economic Issues concerning family business use of information is one of the few papers published on this important managerial aspect. One of the biggest value-creating aspects of the internet is that it stimulates business owners to rethink their overall business strategy. Results indicate that significant impacts on implementation and performance were not realized until IT capabilities were integrated into the business strategies of small family firms.
- Small family business consulting projects provide valuable professional and service learning for students, develops entrepreneurship capabilities in students and rural communities, builds networks between communities/university/state organizations, and aids in building various forms of value and life quality enhancement for all participants.
- Family therapists will become more acquainted with the needs of family businesses within the consulting context. It is important for small family businesses to do scenario building to address natural disasters to identify how resource processes would change under those conditions. Doing so increases survival over time.
- Policy makers must recognize the many contributions of family business and form rural development policies that not only help sustain existing businesses and fuel the engine of economic growth, but encourage human capital development and, in turn, enhance the contribution of the family and the business to their communities.
- The involvement with DHS and FEMA should give this project the opportunity to comment on proposed program implementation of PS-PREP. PS-PREP could have substantial impacts on the survival and success of small businesses experiencing a disaster.
- The policy papers (tax cut and pension) provided some additional analysis to debate by examining the small business owner/manager population (about 7 million households), rather than households filing a schedule C or E (about 30 million households).
- The lending reports added important outreach information to SBA regional offices by discussing only lenders in their region. Access to financial capital varied substantially across regions. A similar report was completed for Montana lenders.
- North Dakota State University and the University of Minnesota Extension Service collaborated on a Disaster Recovery grant and produced a Family Financial Recovery Toolkit, which was widely distributed during the 2011 flooding in North Dakota.
- Debb Pankow, ND State Specialists in Family Economics, produced numerous news releases for county agents to use post-disaster, and Lori Scharmer and Debb Pankow are working with Bob Bertsch, Web Technology Specialist for NDSU Ag Communication on a Money/Disaster blog.
- The business recovery research should inform policy makers and business owners regarding business recovery and demise. It should inform what we know about how disaster payments impact disaster recovery. Researchers will also be able to use a comprehensive and cohesive model for business recovery.
- Financial educators will need to assist Korean-owned small businesses by providing business finance seminars or financial education programs. Professionals working with small businesses must further assist minority-owned small businesses, including Korean-American owned family businesses, by providing enhancement programs to strengthen their business skills.
Date of Annual Report: 01/03/2013
Report Information
Annual Meeting Dates: 10/14/2012
- 10/17/2012
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2011 - 09/01/2012
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2011 - 09/01/2012
Participants
Brief Summary of Minutes
Please see attached "Copy of Minutes" file for NC1030's 2012 annual report.Accomplishments
Publications
Impact Statements
Date of Annual Report: 11/30/2013
Report Information
Annual Meeting Dates: 10/06/2013
- 10/09/2013
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2012 - 09/01/2013
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2012 - 09/01/2013
Participants
Brief Summary of Minutes
***PLEASE NOTE: NC1030 2012/2013 annual report is attached as "Copy of Minutes" file, below the pasted in meeting minutes.Monday October 7
Notes for visioning agenda
Family business, business, and its intersection
Family Business is the foundation
Titles of previous projects:
" Home-based businesses
" Family business interface between work and family (1997)
" Family Business Viability in Economically vulnerable communities
" Family Firms and Policy
" Family Firms and Policy in Times of Disruption
Family business from early formation to established to dynasty
Family business entrepreneurship
Using models in terms of different contexts: culture in particular, individualistic versus collectivistic
Policy disruptions: Affordable Car Act, slow motion shocks (technological change), changes in immigration policy,
Ethnic family business entrepreneurship
Healthy Families, Healthy Businesses
Website: Montana.edu/extensionecon/projectonfamilybusiness.html
Starting a New Family Business Dataset
Funding issues (Linda, Kathryn, Maria, George)
Kauffman foundation on gaps in family business
Kellogg
Shop proposal through development at each university for family businesses to donate money to a common proposal
NIH
NSF
USDA-AFRI
Make Extension materials maybe under Entrepreneurs and Their Communities in eXtension
Business Meeting:
Bibliography missing for 2012
Election of Secretary: Kathryn
Election of Co-Chairs: Linda and Yoon
Next Meeting: Purdue October 12-15, start Tuesday Morning.
Policy Committee and Policy Handbook: Sandra and Corinne added to committee
Missing pieces: citation for the first NSF grant Sharon will provide
Approval for Handbook
1. With the motion that NSF grant will be added.
2. Also amended to add that if anyone uses the interview schedules they must use the provided citation.
3. Also amended that note will be placed on website for citation of interview schedules.
4. Date of last revision
Brainstorming on Administrative Assistant
Ask Arlen and Chris about who would be a good fit.
Virginia Clark
Midterm Report
Due December 15, 2013. Maria, Margaret, and George will work on it.
Tuesday October 8
Visited Watford City, ND (about 90miles) to meet with business owners and economic developer and tour oil field operations.
Wednesday October 9
Things that keep us motivated
" List work and projects by objectives
" Have objectives on reports-everyone will go back to 2011-2012 report to put those in objective format, and redo this years report
" Maria emailed out objectives
" Call for papers in journals that we want to work on together
" Conferences-ACCI, AFCPE, AAEA, USASBE
" Special issues-American Journal of Entrepreneurship-Maria is guest editor
o Due date is December 23, 2013
Sharon mentioned that if you are struggling with 2007 panel data to look at the following articles:
" Goodmans and Danes 2013 in Family Relations
" Stafford et al 2013
Conferences and deadlines
ACCI Monday
George and Yoon for 2013 and Margaret and George for 2014
IFERA- February
AFCPE-May/June
Yoon
AAEA-mid December to January
Maria, Corinne, Kathryn, George will try for an invited session
USASBE-August next year
Linda -2013
NACDEP-Early spring
Glenn
ICSB- January Dublin, Ireland
Linda, George, Diane, Yoon
Natural Hazards Workshop-Colorado, late July
Deadline-research February and session May
Holly
EDEN
Glenn
eXtension
Glenn
Engagement Scholarship Consortium
Special Issue to FBR for longitudinal data-Margaret had drafted something and will send it out.
Journals for Special Issue
" Entrepreneurship Research Journal (Ramona)
" Journal of Family Business Strategy (Astrachan)
" Family Business Review (Sharma)
" Journal of Family Business Management (European)
" JFEI (although we have already done this)
" Natural Hazards
Will send out the list of what people want to work on based on NSF Grant 2 data
Policy on grants and how to share data
Holly and Maria will put out the declarations
When do we open the data?
Maria and Holly will draft language for policy manual
On NSF 2: set up webinars
Next years agenda should include a departmental seminar and data workshop
Recruitment of new members:
" We should feel free to invite members that would be good additions
" Here is where an AA would be helpful in knowing all the rules about official members of the group
New dataset by ERS
County level data on oil industry production levels
Kathryn will let us know when it becomes available
Closing the loop on the next generation of Natural Hazards researchers- The group doesnt feel that we are ready to be mentors or experts in that area
Accomplishments
Publications
Impact Statements
Date of Annual Report: 02/07/2015
Report Information
Annual Meeting Dates: 10/13/2014
- 10/15/2014
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2013 - 09/01/2014
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2013 - 09/01/2014
Participants
Brief Summary of Minutes
Please see attached "Copy of Minutes" file below for NC1030's annual report.Accomplishments
Publications
See attached updated NC1030 publications.Impact Statements
Date of Annual Report: 11/25/2015
Report Information
Annual Meeting Dates: 10/12/2015
- 10/14/2015
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2014 - 09/01/2015
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2014 - 09/01/2015
Participants
Masuo, D., masuo@hawaii.edu (Hawaii); Marshall, M., mimarsha@PURDUE.EDU (Indiana); Holly Schrank, H., schrankh@purdue.edu (Indiana); Niehm, L., niehmlin@iastate.edu (Iowa); Zuiker, V., vzuiker@umn.edu (Minnesota); Valdivia, C., ValdiviaC@missouri.edu (Missouri); Haynes, G., haynes@montana.edu (Montana); Muske, G. for M. Fitzgerald, glenn.muske@ndsu.edu (North Dakota); Lee, Y., yoon.lee@usu.edu (Utah), Cynthia Jasper, crjasper@wisc.edu (Wisconsin)Brief Summary of Minutes
Summary of minutes of the 2015 NC 1030 annual meeting:Deadlines were established for the 2015-2016 year and requests made as follows: Please send suggested questions for NFBS Wave 4 data collection to Linda by 10/31/15; Linda, Glenn, Margaret to send everyone the open-ended question categories out to team. Glenn will share instructions on how to sign up for the Google Plus Community set up by Maria. The writing committee is working hard on the new project proposal. The proposal is due by 12/1/15 and would begin in fall 2016. All team members should their NC1030 project bibliography updates as soon as possible to Yoon Lee.
Power Point slides presented by guest speakers at the NC 1030 annual meeting in Logan will be shared with NC 1030 team members. Presentations were given by: Don Albrecht, Director of the Western Rural Development Center, and Matt Beaudry, Utah Division of Emergency Management. The knowledge gained from both presentations is directly applicable to the new project proposal being developed by NC 1030.
Research questions and objectives were discussed and confirmed for the new NC 1030 project proposal titled Sustainable Families, Firms and Communities in Times of Change as follows:
Research Questions:
1. What are the sources of change and disruption on the family firm?
2. What are the positive and negative impacts of change on the family firm?
3. What are the positive and negative impacts of change on the communities?
4. How do family firms respond in an entrepreneurial manner to change?
Objectives:
1. Identify and measure the sources of change and disruption that impact the family/household, the family firm or the community.
2. Identify and measure responses of the positive and negative impacts of change and disruption on the family/household, the family business, or the community.
3. To determine and inform family firm related policy or practice.
The following points were discussed and decisions made during the NC 1030 business meeting.
Linda Niehm and Yoon Lee were elected as co-chairs of the Technical Committee for 2016-2018
Diane Masou served as secretary for this meeting. Secretary, Kathryn Boys has resigned from membership on the NC1030 committee. This meeting was the second year of the secretary’s term of office.
We will use Google Plus community for general communication among Technical Committee Members. Seven NC 1030 researchers have joined the community. Glenn will share instructions on how to join the Google Plus community set up by Maria. Prerequisite: To participate you need a google.com address.
NC 1030 will also use Google Drive to share documents and work on papers among NC 1030 team members. Additional folders can be created and added to Google Drive as needed.
A decision on use of a portion of the $13,293.51 project funds held at Purdue University was postponed until the open-ended questions for NFBS Wave 4 are developed. Data collection for Wave 4 will take place in spring 2016.
The next NC 1030 Annual Meeting will take place at the University of Missouri, Columbia, and will be hosted by Corinne Valvidia from 10/17-10/19, 2016. Updates on access to reports and data for NC 1030: The NIMSS login page is: http://www.nimss.org/lgu_v2/pages/login.cfm. George Haynes will continue to allow access to the 1997, 2000 and 2007 datasets and codebooks via his website: www.montana.edu/extensionecon/projectonfamilybusiness.html. The website will be revised to reflect terms of use for the datasets.