Annual/Termination Reports:

[07/23/2004] [11/07/2005] [08/18/2006] [08/21/2007] [09/24/2008] [08/26/2009]

Report Information

Participants

Jack Martin-Montana State University, Bozeman, MT;
Dan Parfitt-UC-Davis, Davis, CA;
Ann Marie Thro-USDA CSREES, Washington, DC;
Maria Jenderek-USDA ARS, Parlier, CA;
Dave Ianson-Palmer, AK;
Harold Bockelman-USDA ARS, NSGC, Aberdeen, ID;
Kim E. Hummer-USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR;
Kevin Jensen-USDA ARS, USU, Logan, UT;
Peter Bretting-USDA ARS NPGS, Washington, DC;
Sandra Ristow-Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA;
Bernie Prins-USDA ARS NCGR, Davis, CA;
John Cho-Univ. Hawaii;
Bob Zemetra-Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID;
Mark Brick-Colorado State Univ. Ft Collins, CO;
Jim Myers-Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR;
Richard Hannan-USDA ARS WRPIS, Pullman, WA;
Robert Krueger-USDA ARS NCGR, Riverside, CA;
Joseph Postman-USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR;
Nahla Bassil-USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR;
Jack Peters-USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR;
Joe Snead-USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR;
Barbra Reed-USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR

Brief Summary of Minutes

Current W-6 Officers:

Kevin Jensen, Chair
Jack Martin, Vice chair
Ian Ray, Secretary

Thursday June 24, 2004

Welcome to Corvallis and Oregon State University: Russ Karrow, Head Crop and Soil Science department at OSU welcomed the group to OSU and gave an overview or OSU and the Corvallis community.

The meeting was called to order by Chair K. Jensen at 8:30 am. Committee members and guests were introduced.

Jack Martin volunteered to be acting secretary in Ian Ray's absence.

Minutes of 2003 annual meeting:

Motion: Minutes of the 2003 TAC meeting should be approved as written. (Moved by R. Zemetra, second by J. Martin). Motion passed.

Committee assignments:

Resolutions: Mark Brick (chair) Dan Parfitt, and Jack Martin.
Nominations: Dan Parfitt and Bob Zemetra.

W6 Administrative Advisor's report - Sandra Ristow for Ralph Cavalieri:

Western directors approved the 2005 budget as submitted pending approval of Hatch funds. Congress is scrutinizing all funding, especially those funds which are "off-the-top", such as those for W-6, to see if the activities are useful to Land Grant university researchers. Congress is considering shifting funds from multistate projects to competitive grant funding such as the USDA-NRI. Ralph would like all W-6 to TAC state representatives to inventory their distributions of accessions to researchers, versus those sent to home-owners and other recipients. He believes that if W-6 participants are striving to send the preponderance of their materials to researchers, our multistate effort will be seen in a positive light. These activities will be evidence to Congress that we are indeed achieving the important pillar of the mission to assist research and will help preserve funds for multistate activities.

National small grains collection, Aberdeen, ID - Harold Bockelman (see submitted report and website):

http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/PacWest/Aberdeen/nsgc.html

An addition to the Aberdeen facility is on schedule for construction. This will house advanced genetics research.

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR - Kim Hummer (see submitted report and website): http://www.ars-grin.gov/cor/

Program additions include a molecular geneticist and seed physiologist.

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA - Bernard Prins (see submitted report and website): http://www.ars-grin.gov/dav/

Dr. Ed Stover will assume the research leader/curator position this fall.

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Hilo, HI - No report:

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Riverside, CA - Robert Krueger (see website): http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/PacWest/Riverside/homepg1.htm

National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation, Fort Collins, CO - no report:

Natural Resources Conservation Service - no report:

Western Regional PI Station report and budget request, Pullman, WA - Rich Hannan (See submitted report and website);

http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/PacWest/Pullman/

The management unit included CRIS projects at Pullman, WA (Western regional plant introduction station), Prosser, WA (National Temperate Forage Legume Genetic Resources Unit) and Parlier CA (National Arid Land Plant Genetic Resources Unit). Staff changes included addition of a person to help with additional work related to the 40 acre site at Central Ferry. A laboratory technician was added for molecular geneticist. A competitive two-year postdoc position was awarded to Dr. Coyne in the pea program. A power unit was added to give backup power for seed storage. A modular unit was obtained and moved to provide office space for scientists and staff. Lease agreement on 40 acres at Central Ferry was firmed up, but water rights are still an unresolved issue. An 80 million dollar ARS building is due to be constructed on WSU campus. This building would provide space for W6 people. This is due to come on line in 2008. There is a need for additional space to store field samples. Staff will work on finding space for this purpose in the next year.

Rich outlined and explained the proposed budget for FY 2006. The budget request is $365,000 from regional research funding. This proposed budget shows no increase over FY 2005. Regional research funding provides about 13% of total funding.

Motion: The W6 TAC endorses and approves the proposed budget of $365,000 for FY 2006. (Moved by M. Brick, second by R. Zemetra) Motion passed.

Rich noted that scientists within the management unit have obtained outside funding. Some grants have been across agencies. These activities foster interagency collaboration, which was the original purpose of regional research projects such as W6.

As a means to learn about each person's role at the regional station, the Pullman station had Food and Fact day. Each staff person talked about their work, while scientists got only five minutes.

National Artic Plant Germplasm Resource Unit, Palmer, AK - Dave Ianson (see submitted report):

Rhubarb does extremely well in this Northern climate. They are looking at the feasibility of a rhubarb processing plant at Palmer, AK.

National Arid Land Plant Germplasm Resource Unit, Parlier, CA - Maria Jenderek (see submitted report):

A discussion followed on collecting rare plants and endangered species.

National Germplasm Resources Lab - No report:

Germplasm Resources Program - Peter Bretting (See submitted report):

Recent budget increases have allowed for hiring new scientists and staff and upgrading existing and construction of some new facilities across the NPGS system. Nearly all ARS CRIS in National Program area 301 (includes plant genetic resource management, genetic improvement, genomics, bioinformatics, and genomic data base management) have been reviewed by outside peer reviewers. Negotiations regarding the international exchange of germplasm are ongoing.

Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service - Ann Maria Thro:

An organizational flow chart of USDA agencies was presented. This pointed out relationships between funding sources. Members were reminded of the importance of the impact statements on annual CRIS reports. These can be an effective means to convey importance of plant germplasm and genetic resources to the lay public. Several members pointed cut the importance of getting information from previous years, as it usually takes several years to fully utilize and obtain direct impact from a new plant accession.

State reports:

Wyoming, Robin Gross - see submitted report:
New Mexico, Ian ray - see submitted report:
Colorado, Mark Brick - see submitted report:
Washington, Steve Jones - see submitted report:
Montana, Jack Martin - see submitted report:
California, Dan Parfitt - See submitted report:
Utah, Kevin Jensen - See submitted report:
Idaho, Bob Zemetra - See submitted report:
Arizona, Dennis Ray - no report:
Oregon, Shawn Mehlanbacher - see submitted report:
Hawaii, reported by Rich Hannan:
Alaska, reported by Rich Hannan:

Members noted that PI's are being used extensively for genetic marker work. There is concern as to whether NPGS is being acknowledged. National Ag Library is being petitioned to implement a system to index on PI or taxa in order to better track usage of plant germplasm.

There is concern about fate of plant germplasm collections held by individual breeders/geneticists. These are in danger of being lost when a person retires. NPGS has saved some of these collections.

Business meeting:

Plant exploration proposals - Fifteen proposals were considered. The final decision on the proposals was not known, but probably not all would be funded.

New business:

Elections - The nominations committee nominated Dan Parfitt as incoming secretary.

Motion: Move that nominations be closed (Move by R. Zemetra, second by M. Brick). Motion passed.

Motion: Move to elect Dan Parfitt as secretary (Move by M. Brick, second by R. Zemetra). Motion Passed.

Meeting sites:

The W6 TAC had voted to meet in Bozeman, MT in 2005. See 2003 W6 TAC minutes. Jack Martin will work with Rich Hannan on finalizing that date for the 2005 meeting. It was reported that NC7 TAC will issue an invitation to host a joint meeting of the four regional TACs in Ames, IA in 2006. Since the formal invitation has not yet been received, the committee did not take any action.

The meeting was adjourned at 5:00 pm.

Friday June 25, 2004

Kim Hummer and staff led a tour of facilities and programs at NCGR at Corvallis.

Submitted by
Jack Martin
Acting W6 TAC Secretary

Resolutions:

Resolution 1: Be is resolved that W6 TAC thank personnel at National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Corvallis, OR for hosting the W-6 meeting, especially Drs. Kim Hummer, and Joseph Postman and the entire staff at NCGR. (Motion to approve the resolution. Move by R. Zemetra, second by D. Parfitt) Motion passed.

Resolution 2: Be it resolved that W6 TAC thanks Kevin Jensen for his leadership as chair of the committee for past two years. (Motion to approve the resolution. Move by D. Parfitt, second by M. Brick) Motion passed.

Resolution 3: Be it resolved that the W6 TAC thanks Peter Bretting from NPGS and Ann Marie Thro from CSREES for their participation in the W6 TAC meeting in Corvallis, OR June 24 and 25, 2004. The W6 TAC encourages their participation in the future. Motion to approve the resolution. Move by D. R. Zemetra, second by D. Parfitt) Motion passed.

Accomplishments

ACCOMPLISHMENTS<br /> <br /> Successful agricultural production of most crops in the United States is based upon plant species that are not native to this country. Scientists rely on introduced germplasm to provide new genes to improve major crops, minor regional crops, and to develop new crops. Collectively, the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) personnel at Pullman and other associated sites conduct one of the most extensive and well-established genetic resource management projects in the United States. Activities at the WRPIS are the collection, preservation, evaluation, distribution and research of plant germplasm. We utilize current technologies and information to best achieve germplasm conservation. This Management Unit (MU) includes CRIS projects located in Pullman, WA (Western Regional Plant Introduction Station), Prosser, WA (National Temperate Forage Legume Genetic Resources Unit) and Parlier, CA (National Arid Land Plant Genetic Resources Unit). The range in environments provides conditions amenable to the production of high quality seed of a wide and diverse array of plant germplasm. An integral and important goal of each site in the MU is to integrate the disciplines of plant pathology, entomology, genetics, plant physiology, botany, and general agricultural production into research programs. As part of a Multi State Research Project (W-6), all sites work in close association and collaboration with the State Agricultural Experiment Station scientists as well as scientists from other state and federal agencies and the private sector. Collaborative projects also exist with scientists at international centers, foreign institutes, foreign national programs, and in the private sector. <br /> <br /> -There are 2,770 taxa in 446 genera with a total of 71,847 accessions. This includes special genetic stock collections of pea and bean. There were 682 accessions in 45 genera added to the WRPIS collections from plant explorations, germplasm exchanges and from NCGRP in FY03. During the year, 11,598 accessions were distributed in 17,072 packets, with 693 accessions sent to NCGRP for long term storage. <br /> <br /> -One of the biggest achievements for us was to prepare, submit and successfully obtain 'accepted with minor revision' responses from the OSQR panel for the Pullman, Prosser and Parlier CRIS projects. <br /> <br /> -Advances were made in regeneration protocols (grass transplants, in situ site development, greenhouse production, IPM practices, etc.). Superior seed quality in our distributions was the result. <br /> <br /> -Steve Clement, Research Entomologist, was awarded a Visiting Fellowship by the Grains Research and Development Corporation of Australia to conduct cooperative research at a research facility of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Perth, Western Australia from September to December 2002. The project involved evaluation of chickpea germplasm from the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) for resistance to the worlds worst insect pest of cultivated chickpea, the gram podborer. <br /> - <br /> -The first year of a two-year study on the optimum pollinator density for Allium ampeloprasum was completed and the second year is in progress. Field samples of two native North American Allium were collected to look at the genetic diversity within and between six populations using molecular techniques.<br /> <br /> -The Plant Pathology program has reported Fusarium proliferatum rot of garlic bulbs, which is a first report in North America. Frank Dugan contributed to a revision of the genera Mycosphaerella and Cladosporium, published a key to graminicolous species of Alternaria, and documented F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae and Embellisia allii on garlic in Washington State. <br /> <br /> -Understanding the relationships and interactions between monocot species naturally infested with fungal endophytes provides information on the biology of insect resistance in important grass crops. Greenhouse experiments to evaluate 18 tall fescue accessions for resistance to rose grass aphid were completed. Concurrently, a series of laboratory experiments to examine the susceptibility of endophyte-infected wild barley accessions to Hessian fly were conducted. Resulting data indicates that endophyte presence in tall fescue does not mediate resistance to rose grass aphid. With the Hessian fly/barley interactions preliminary results indicate that some endophyte-infected accessions are resistant. <br /> <br /> -A cost effective sampling method that maximizes the effective population size was researched and developed. The reduction in effective population size associated with variation in seed production per plant in three grass species was determined. Also, the utility of inflorescence sampling procedures for a wide range of species and accessions was determined, and lastly we compared cutting, rubbing, and inflorescence sampling methods in three grass species to determine effective population size differences. This research provides a scientific basis for germplasm conservation that minimizes genetic drift within an accession, and provides an efficient and economic strategy for best maintaining large grass germplasm collections.<br /> <br /> -Characterizing germplasm collections at both the morphological and molecular levels is critical to the effective utilization of these collections by the scientific community and seed industry. The cool season food legume research program expanded genetic marker and comparative genomic characterizations of selected grain legume accessions, and developed, maintained, and enhanced genetic marker and genomic data management and bioinformatic capabilities associated with these crops. We developed a SNP assay to assess allelic diversity in the pea core collection. Collaborative efforts in molecular genetics of disease resistance in Pisum sativum germplasm are under investigation in multiple environments (Washington, Minnesota, France, New Zealand).<br /> <br /> -Bean germplasm is occasionally received that has been stored for long periods of time under poor storage conditions, and is in danger of being lost. An embryo rescue and tissue culture program was continued. <br /> <br /> -Determining duplication of accessions in a germplasm collection is an important step in the efficient and effective conservation of large collections. A project to determine methods for genotyping accessions in alfalfa, a very heterogenetic species was started. Three alfalfa accessions each with a duplicate set of cultivar names were used. Different sampling methods and marker systems were used to determine the most effective sampling/marker system combination for genotyping alfalfa. <br /> <br /> -Dr. Clement was invited by the Organizing Committee of the XXII International Congress of Entomology to serve as the Overseas Convenor for a session which will be held in Australia in 2003. Domestic and foreign interest in Dr. Clements research on wild pea resistance to pea weevil was demonstrated by a request for cooperative pea-weevil resistance research from a commercial pea breeder and from breeders and entomologists in Turkey and South Africa.<br /> <br /> -Dr. Coyne has constructed a large Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library for chickpea. Chickpea is an economically important crop throughout the world. The chickpea BAC library provides a valuable tool for geneticists to study the structure and function of plant disease resistance genes, other economic traits, and comparative genomics with other cool season food legume crops. <br /> <br /> -In January, 2003, Dr. Greene began an ARS-Former Soviet Union Scientific Cooperative Program entitled "Development of a GIS-based Interactive Agricultural Atlas to Promote Food Security in the Former Soviet Union". Also in January 2003, Dr. Greene was invited to Vietnam to present "Agrobiodiversity, Pilot Conservation Projects and the Taxonomy Gap" at the First International Workshop and to conduct training on the use of GPS, GIS software, and data management to support the UNDP project entitled "In situ conservation of native landraces and their wild relatives in Vietnam (VIE/01/G35). Dr. Greene has organized week-long GIS training workshop for NPGS personnel, which will be held in September, 2003.<br /> <br /> -Dr. Hannan initiated a collaborative project with the Nez Perce Tribe in Lapwai, Idaho and the University of Idaho Extension Service that will serve as a multifunctional project. The goals (tech transfer) are education in small plot, no-till gardening; genetic conservation of traditional food species of the Tribe; and generating fresh produce for distribution at the USDA, Food Distribution Center in Lapwai.<br /> <br /> -Barbara Hellier and Rich Hannan were invited to participate in a multinational plant exploration trip to Tajikistan. At the very last moment, they could not go due to lack of country clearance by the US State Department.<br />

Publications

Braun, U., P.W. Crous, F. Dugan, J.Z. Groenewald, and G.S. de Hoog. 2003. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Cladosporium-like hyphomycetes, including Davidiella gen. nov., the teleomorph of Cladosporium s. str. Mycological Progress 2(1): 3-18.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., L.R. Elberson, F.L. Young, J.R. Alldredge, R.H. Ratcliffe, and C. Hennings. 2003. Variable Hessian fly populations in cereal production systems in eastern Washington. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 76:567-577.<br /> <br /> Douches, D.S., T.J. Kisha, J.J. Coombs. W. Li, W.L. Pett, and E.J. Grafius. 2001. Effectiveness of natural and engineered host plant resistance in potato to the Colorada potato beetle. Hort Science 36(5): 967-970.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., B.C. Hellier and S.L. Lupien. 2003. First report of Fusarium proliferatum causing rot of garlic bulbs in North America. Plant Pathology 52: 426.<br /> <br /> Hellier, B.C., S.L. Clement, L.R. Elberson, M.A. Evans, R. Staska. 2003. Allium ampeloprasum Seed Production in Field Cages with Insect Pollinators. poster presentation. HortScience, 38(5):735.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., W.J. Johnston, and C.T. Golob. 2003. Residue Management, Seed Production, Crop Development, and Turf Quality in Diverse Kentucky Bluegrass Germplasm. Crop Sci. 43: 1091-1099.<br /> <br /> Kuhl, J.C., F. Cheung, Q. Yuan, J. McCallum, W. Martin, Y. Zewdie, K. Sink, M.M. Jenderek, J.P. Prince, C.D. Town, and M.J. Havey. 2004. Unique set of 11,008 onion (Allium cepa) ESTs reveals expressed sequence and genomic differences between the Monocot orders Asparagales and Poales. Plant Cell journal 16:114-125.<br /> <br /> Lesica, P., H.E. Atthowe, and F.M. Dugan. 2003. Incidence of Perenniporia fraxinophila and its effects on green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) woodlands in eastern Montana, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 182: 153-159.<br /> <br /> Rajesh P.N., C.J. Coyne, K. Meksem, K.D. Sharma, V. Gupta, and F.J. Muehlbauer. 2003. Construction of a HindIII bacterial artificial chromosome library and its use in identification of clones associated with disease resistance in chickpea. Theoretical and Applied Genetics (published online Oct. 16, 2003).<br /> http://www.springerlink.com/media/5f8nxhxwd8nfd7nwdrwq/contributions/0/2/5/y/025YBLAD30X7B93G_html/fulltext.html<br /> <br /> Simon, P.W. and M.M. Jenderek. 2003. Flowering, seed production, and the genesis of garlic breeding. Plant Breeding Reviews 23:211-244.<br /> <br /> <br /> Books, Chapters, Proceedings, Popular<br /> <br /> Chen, W., C.J. Coyne, T. Peever, and F. Muehlbauer. 2003. Characterization of chickpea differentials for Ascochyta rabiei using an improved virulence assay. Phytopathology, 93:S161.<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., D.A. Inglis , M-L. Pilet-Nayel, and G. Timmerman-Vaughan. 2003. Application of SNPs in identifying new positive alleles for genetic resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in pea germplasm. Proceedings 2nd International Aphanomyces Workshop, p. 76-78. http://www.usda.prosser.wsu.edu/grunwald/legumepathology/aphanomyces.htm<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., A. Afonin, T. Kisha. 2003. Conserving Alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa) wild relatives in Kazakhstan. In T. Hoa (ed.) Proceedings International Workshop on Agrobiodiversity, Pilot Conservation Project and Taxonomy Gap, Jan 10-11, Hanoi, Vietnam.<br /> <br /> Grünwald, N. J. and Coyne, C. (editors.) 2003. Proceedings of the Second International Aphanomyces Workshop. United States Department of Agriculture  Agricultural Research Service, Pasco, WA. 112pp. <br /> http://www.usda.prosser.wsu.edu/grunwald/legumepathology/aphanomyces.htm<br /> Jong, S.C., and F.M. Dugan. 2003. Zygomycetes: The Order Entomophthorales, pp. 127-139 in: Pathogenic Fungi in Humans and Animals, 2nd ed., D.H. Howard editor, Marcel-Dekker, N.Y. <br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C. V. Bradley, C. Foiles. 2004. Regenerating grass germplasm: Choosing the right compromise. In R.C. Johnson (ed.) Thirty-seventh Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference, Moscow ID,. May 14, 2002. p. 19-25.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C. W.J. Johnston, and Charles Golob. 2004. Characterization and Enhancement of the USDA-ARS Kentucky Bluegrass Collection. In R.C. Johnson (ed.) Thirty-seventh Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference, Moscow ID, May 14, 2002. p. 45-52.<br /> <br /> Pilet-Nayel, M.-L.T. Dormegnies, R. J. Mcgee, R. Esnault, P. Mangin, M. Roux-Duparque, N.J. Grünwald, A. <br /> Baranger, and C. J. Coyne: Genetics of partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in pea. Proceedings 2nd <br /> International Aphanomyces Workshop, p. 72-75. <br /> http://www.usda.prosser.wsu.edu/grunwald/legumepathology/aphanomyces.htm<br /> <br /> <br /> Abstracts, Reports Posters<br /> <br /> Bertoli, F.B., R.C. Johnson. T.J. Kisha, and W.J. Johnston. 2003. Molecular variation among and within diverse Kentucky Bluegrass germplasm. P. 141. Abstracts of the Third International Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf Grasses Dallas, Texas, May 18-22.<br /> <br /> Bertoli, F.B., R.C. Johnson, B. Lucaroni, M. Romani, L. Russi, E. Piano, and M. Falcinelli. 2003. Agronomic and molecular evaluation of Kentucy bluegrass germplasm collected in Italy. XLVII Annual Congress, Societa Italiana di Genetica Agraria, Verona, 24-27 September.<br /> <br /> Bradley, V.L. Submitted photo of Carthamus tenuis that was used on the identification page of Ecoport. http://www.ecoport.org entity number 12946.<br /> <br /> Bradley, V.L. and R.M. Hannan. Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. Poster for display at the ASA, CSSA, and SSA annual meetings in Denver, Colorado.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L. 2004. Grass endophyte peregrinations at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. Proc. 37th Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference, May 14-17, 2002, Moscow, ID. p. 6-10.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L. 2003. Pea aphid, spring dry pea, and the Palouse. 62nd Annual Pacific Northwest Insect Management Conference. (Abstract).<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., L.R. Elberson, N. Bosque-Perez, and D. Schotzko. 2003. Consequences of wild barley-fungal endophyte associations on phytophagous insect survival. Entomological Society of America, national meeting. (Poster).<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J. 2003. Allele discovery in the U.S. pea core collection. North American Pulse Improvement Assoc. Biannual Meeting Abstracts, Sacramento, CA. p. 9.<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., M.C. Cashman, and R. Yarbrough. 2003. Incidence of Potyvirus the U.S. Lupinus Germplasm Collection. North American Pulse Improvement Assoc. Biannual Meeting Abstracts, Sacramento, CA. p. 18.<br /> <br /> Coyne, C.J., L. Razai, B-K Baik, M. A. Gruzak. 2003. Variation for protein in the USDA pea core collection. North American Pulse Improvement Assoc. Biannual Meeting Abstracts, Sacramento, CA. p. 19.<br /> <br /> Coyne, C.J. 2003. Refined pea core collection based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In Annual Meetings Abstracts. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. [CD-ROM, p. 537]<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2003. Biodiversity of plant pathogens: new obstacles and opportunities. Phytopathology 93: S100.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M.. S.L. Lupien and B.K. Schroeder. 2003. Pink Seed of Pea. Washington State University Cooperative Extension Bulletin No. EB1967. <br /> <br /> <br /> Greene, S.L. 2003. National Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources Unit. Poster presented at ASA/CSSA/SSSA meeting, Denver, Co. Nov. 3-5.<br /> <br /> Grunwald N.J., V. Coffman, J. Kraft and C.J. Coyne. 2003. Resistance to Fusarium root rot in the Pisum core collection. North American Pulse Improvement Assoc. Biannual Meeting Abstracts, Sacramento, CA. p. 14.<br /> <br /> Hellier, B., S.L. Clement, L.R. Elberson, M.A. Evans, and R. Staska. 2003. Allium ampeloprasum seed production in field cages with insect pollinators. Horticulture meetings. (Abstract).<br />

Impact Statements

1. The impact of a refined pea core is that programs will have to use fewer resources to mine valuable genes from the pea germplasm collection.
2. Winter hardy safflower which produces unique oils will provide the potential for greater production than spring-sown safflower.
3. The yield study of the pea core will be used for a mapping study to discover new diversity at loci controlling pea yields.
4. It is important to stakeholders that we have correctly identified germplasm, and our taxonomy activity will increase more efficient use of the germplasm.
5. Cooperative molecular work on diversity of Blue wildrye provides a tool for land managers

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Report Information

Participants

Bockelman, Harold (nsgchb@ars-grin.gov)- USDA ARS, NSGC, Aberdeen, ID;
Bretting, Peter (nc7pb@ars-grin.gov)- USDA ARS NPGS, Washington, DC;
Brick, Mark (mbrick@lamar.colostate.edu)- Colorado State Univ. Ft Collins, CO;
Cavalieri, Ralph (cavalieri@wsu.edu)- Washington State University;
Hannan, Richard (hannan@wsunix.wsu.edu)- USDA ARS WRPIS, Pullman, WA;
Jacobsen, Jeff - Montana State University, Bozeman;
Jones, Stephen (joness@wsu.edu)- Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA;
Krall, Jim - University of Wyoming, Casper WY;
Krueger, Robert (rivrk@ars-grin.gov)- USDA ARS NCGR, Riverside, CA;
Martin, Jack (jmmartin@gemini.oscs.montana.edu)- Montana State University, Bozeman, MT;
Mehlenbacher, Shawn (mehlenbs@bcc.orst.edu)- Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR;
Parfitt, Dan (DEParfitt@UCDavis.edu)- Dept. of Plant Sciences, UC-Davis, Davis, CA;
Postman, Joseph - USDA ARS NCGR, Corvallis, OR;
Ray, Dennis (dtray@u.arizona.edu)- University of Arizona, Tucson AZ;
Ray, Ian (IARAY@NMSU.edu)- New Mexico State University;
Stover, Ed (ewstover@ucdavis.edu)- USDA ARS NCGR, Davis CA;
Zemetra, Bob (rzemetra@uidaho.edu)- University of Idaho, Moscow, ID;
Jensen, Kevin (kevin@cc.usu.edu)- USDA, ARS, Logan, UT;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

At years end (CY04) W-6 had 72,332 accessions across 358 genera and 2,188 species (2,444 taxa). There were 1,575 new samples received for inventory. Of these 108 came from National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) and the other 1,467 were new accessions and assigned interim W6 numbers. A large collection (555 accessions) came from Stoney Wright's collection in Iceland/Greenland area, and 85 came from Fred Muehlbauer collection in Georgia. There were 127 accessions from the ICARDA/Russia/Tajikistan collection. <br /> <br /> There were 9,025 observation data points were entered into GRIN in 2004 on 601 accessions for 48 descriptors on 21 crops. Eight per cent of the data came from evaluations by cooperators, and the other ninety-two per cent was data take by W-6 personnel. Germination data included 5,198 viability records entered on 4,843 inventories. Of these, 2,784 were tested in Pullman, 616 were contracted out at $6.50 per inventory, and 1,123 tests were done at NCGRP. Of these 5,198 (57%) were considered backlog inventories which means they were more than three years old. There were 21,511 inventories weighed which corresponds closely to the number of barcodes put on inventory containers. Once we get barcodes on containers we try to weigh them. Lastly, there were 463 inventories were sent to NCGRP for backup.<br /> <br /> During CY04 15,501 accessions were distributed in 20,489 packets, where 11,148(54%) packets were sent to scientists in the US, and 9,341 (46%) packets sent to foreign countries. There were 676 orders filled made up of 487 different requestors, 95 were foreign requestors. The most requested germplasm groups were grass bean, chickpea and alfalfa respectively.<br /> <br /> The Agronomy program continued a study to identify duplicate accessions within our grass germplasm collection. Dactylis glomerata 4Latar3, two populations of Eragrostis trichoides 4Bend3, and four populations of Bromus inermis 4Manchar3 were used in the replicated study. We used AFLP analysis on the DNA extracted from the Bromus populations and results indicated there were no differences between them. We will collect more field data in 2005 and run AFLP analysis on the Eragrostis and the Dactylis, then compare two years of morphological data to molecular data for all populations.<br /> <br /> The Horticulture Crops Curator participated in two NPGS sponsored germplasm collection missions. The first was for native legume species in southeastern Oregon and southern Idaho resulting in 38 new accessions. The second was to Uzbekistan for wild and cultivated carrot, garlic and other Alliums. 42 new accession of A. longicuspis, sativum, and other Allium species were added to our collection from this trip.<br /> <br /> In the Phaseolus Program seed has been collected from plants that were successfully regenerated via the embryo rescue and tissue culture program. These included Phaseolus vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolius and a few wild Phaseolus accessions ( P. polystachios var. sinuatus, P. maculates, P. maculatus subsp. ritensis, an unknown P. spp. obtained in 1985, and a P. spp. (carteri-nom. inval.). None of these accessions had been grown before this time. We returned to Guatemala more of the bean seed from the accessions that we had received in an exchange program. This has been a very successful way to get more seed into the collection.<br /> <br /> In a project to optimize pollinator density for Allium ampeloprasum increase Hellier and Clement completed the field study, which involved 32 field cages at Central Ferry. The seed has been collected from the plants and is drying for subsequent weights and germination tests. We anticipate that this will be completed by early summer 2005. The data will be analyzed and a journal article will be prepared.<br /> <br /> Retention of Viable Neotyphodium Endophyte in Tall Fescue Accession Undergoing Seed Regeneration. This is research in support of the W6 regeneration program. This project was initiated in 2004 with the transfer of 66 greenhouse plants of each of two PI lines to separate field plots in Pullman. The endophyte status (infected, non-infected) of each plant was established prior to the transplant operation. The objective is to determine if viable Neotyphodium fungal endophytes (microbial germplasm) are retained in seed of tall fescue accessions undergoing routine seed regeneration at W6. This will be a multi-year project, and may well extend into 2007 since we must isolate tiller sections on agar to record the presence of viable endophyte. This research follows Steve Clements research on the retention of viable endophyte in seed stored under different storage temperatures, and his surveys of Pullman grass germplasm for diverse Neotyphodium strains, the discovery of which has helped in the commercial development of new perennial grass/non-toxic endophyte associations for forage grass markets in New Zealand, Australia, and the U.S.<br /> <br /> A multi-year project on wild barley/endophytes/insect interactions was completed in 2004 with the writing and submission of the final research paper. As a result, the number of cereal insect pests adversely affected by wild barley endophytes has increased to three species (from Russian wheat aphid to Hessian fly and Rose grass aphid).<br /> <br /> A cooperative project with Department of Entomology, WSU on Cereal Leaf Beetle/Perennial Grass/Fungal Endophyte Interactions quantified adult feeding and survival on replicate plants of endophyte (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and wild barley. Initial results demonstrate the ability of cereal leaf beetle to oviposit on both of these important forage grasses and the ability of some larvae to develop on tall fescue. Additional research will be done in 2005 to better characterize the host plant suitability of common and popular perennial grasses to cereal leaf beetle. <br /> <br /> To determine wild Cicer germplasm for pod borer (Lepidoptera) resistance, a cooperative project with Dr. Hari Sharma, ICRISAT - India was established and funded through AID. Using wild annual chickpea accessions from the W6 collection, Dr. Clement will look for resistance to larval Spodoptera, an occasional pest of cool season food legumes in the Palouse. <br /> <br /> In cooperative research with WSU, Dept. of Plant Path., relative growth rates and competitive interactions on natural substrate and agar media were determined for Ascochyta rabiei and several other fungi colonizing chickpea debris. Aureobasidium pullulans and Clonostachys rosea (the latter mycoparasitic on A. rabiei) proved capable of completely inhibiting sexual and asexual reproduction of the chickpea pathogen when pre-inoculated to chickpea debris in vitro. Primary fungal colonizers of chickpea debris were determined for two seasons. The first of two small scale field trials was initiated in Dec 2004 by treating chickpea debris with biological control agents and setting it out to over-winter; chickpea seedlings will be used as trap plants to monitor ascospore release in spring 2005. <br /> <br /> Benomyl, thiophanate methyl and fludioxonil were tested for ability to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. proliferatum and Embellisia allii when pathogens were inoculated to soil for greenhouse-grown garlic and the fungicides used as pre-planting dips for planting cloves. Although each fungicide produced positive effects relative to controls in one or more circumstances, only benomyl consistently exerted significant effects at conventional P values<br /> <br /> Dugan et. al. published first reports of Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus, Leek Yellow Stripe Virus and Garlic Common Latent Virus on garlic in Washington State.<br /> <br /> In a cooperative agreement between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and W-6 a project was initiated to strengthen native plant conservation and utilization. The project "Maintenance, characterization, storage, and distribution of key native germplasm" will be active until 2007 with expected funding of $120,000 per year. <br /> <br /> Material for improvement in Kentucky Bluegrass seed yield for no-burn residue management systems is being developed. Yield and yield component analysis was completed on 560 plants representing 10 selected accessions and two years data. Selections for plants with high yield and yield components within the 10 accessions were made resulting in a set of 40 selections. This material was established in the field for seed increase for future studies of selection response in terms of yield and turf quality. Data collection of variation within and among the selected accessions was completed and data analyses are now underway. <br /> <br /> Using alfalfa as a model system, AFLP markers with populations of about 20 appeared to provide the most information content for cost. However, other systems produced markers that resulted in association patterns among accessions that were similar. Data collection and analysis is mostly completed. This work will led to the next step, which is comparing duplicates, then charactering core collections, and finally, entire collections.<br /> <br /> AFLP marker analysis was completed on collections of Blue wildrye from the Umatilla Forest in eastern Oregon and Washington, and also throughout western North America. Agronomic data showed that the Umatilla germplasm fell into three groups based on principal component analysis. We found those same group patterns also occurred in molecular data. This means that molecular characterization should provide a valid picture of overall Blue wildrye diversity and is much easier to complete. Preliminary analysis suggested that the diversity in a broad set of western North America was present in the Umatilla Forest. This information will be used by the Forest Service to define seed transfer zones for forest revegetation using Blue wildrye. Some data analysis remains and then a manuscript will be written.<br /> <br /> Mountain Brome is a key native grass for reclamation and revegetation on federal lands. Thirteen-hundred fifty plants were established at two locations for a total of 2,700. These were characterized for 12 descriptors and entered into spreadsheets in preparation for analysis. A subset of this material was also characterized for AFLP and RAPD marker variation. Both univariate and multivariate statistics are being used to gauge collection diversity and test hypotheses as to the extent that genetic variation can be explained by ecological and geographic information. This work is cooperative with the US FS to help guide decisions regarding seed transfer zones and management of Mountain brome for revegetation activities.<br /> <br /> Safflower has potential for an excellent rotation crop with cereals in semiarid regions. Winter safflower (fall planted) would provide winter cover, allow better control of grass weeds, increase water-use efficiency and seed yield compared to spring-sown safflower. We have identified germplasm with enough winter hardiness to be potentially useful for fall planting in many regions. Winter survival was correlated with the degree of prostate growth in the fall. However, some accessions with fall prostrate habit had much more winter hardiness then others. This shows that unknown physiological and well as morphological factors are important in winter survival. Variation within winter hardy safflower is being exploited though selection. Replicated plots were established at Central Ferry and Pullman for studies of selection response to determine how much improvement in winter hardiness is possible through mass selection. <br /> <br /> The conservation and utilization of native plant resources in the western United States is becoming increasingly important. Yet genetic information to identify seed collection sites used for restoration and reclamation is generally lacking. An understanding of the geographic and ecological distance that plant material should be transferred from original source populations is critically needed. Studies using molecular (AFLP) and morphological attributes will be conducted to determine the extent and structure of genetic variation of Allium acuminatum, an important forb native to the Great Basin. Genetic resource management strategies based on biological conservation principals will be developed leading to identification of candidate in situ reserves (field sites where key populations are located). Populations maintained in situ would provide conservation of genetic variation representing eco-geographic areas in the Great Basin. In addition, ex situ conservation will be carried out at the USDAs Agricultural Research Service gene bank at Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Gene bank conservation will provide 1) readily available, source-identified genetic resources for research and increase and 2) security back up of in situ sites. Overall, this project will provide information to federal agency policy makers, Plant Material Centers, and commercial collectors/producers to improve genetic quality and production efficiency of this species. <br /> <br /> Continued improvement and optimization of molecular marker techniques. Completed training for AFLP, Microsatellite, and SNP analysis using the Beckman CEQ8000 capillary electrophoresis system. This system will be used in 2005 for AFLP analysis of Safflower accessions, and should improve and speed up the process of scoring AFLP markers. <br /> <br /> Modifed RAPD procedures for analysis using the Licor PAGE system for use with Allium species. This is a compromise between the unmanageable large number of markers produced by AFLP on this large genome, and the crowded, unreadable markers on low resolution agarose gels. <br /> <br /> Continued to reduce bottlenecks for high-throughput marker analysis by incorporating lyophilization of samples and pulverization using glass beads and a paint shaker. This process works very well on dicots but only moderately well with fibrous grass tissue. <br /> <br /> Completed acquisition of microsatellite markers at 10 loci for a collection of 5 cultivars and 6 wild alfalfas from Kazakhstan. Four of the loci have been scored so far, and the results forwarded to Stephanie Greene.<br /> <br /> Chloroplast VNTR, RAPD, Microsatellite, and AFLP markers were compared for characterization of three alfalfa synthetic populations. Manuscript in preparation. <br /> <br /> Molly Welsh and Ted Kisha joined the Phaseomics Group and began planning for the analysis of Phaseoulus coccineus accessions within the collection. They chose P. coccineus because of its use as a bridge species for gene diversity introduction into P vulgaris. In preparation, we tested AFLP markers for efficacy in identifying duplications in the P. vulgaris collection. <br /> <br /> CSFL curator, Clare Coyne, planned, organized, obtained external funding and conducted replicated field trail in two cooperator locations for QTL mapping of quantitative resistance to Aphanomyces root rot and Fusarium root rot and presented data at four meetings to peers and one to the U.S. grain legume industry. Cooperated on germplasm evaluations of pea and chickpea for Fusarium root rot and Ascochyta blight, respectively resulting in two peer-reviewed manuscripts and four meeting presentations. Planned and conducted analysis to determine seed protein concentration data on 480 accessions of the pea collection and 40 accessions of chickpea core collection and presented results to industry. Planned, organized, obtained external funding and conducted pea BAC library characterization and utilization experiments in collaboration with visiting scientists. Conceived, planned evaluation experiments, and mentored student-applicant awarded graduate research fellowship to study perennial Cicer (funded). Conceived, planned, submitted and was awarded funding for a USDA-ARS Postdoctoral Fellowship project on haplotyping for association mapping studies in the cool season food legume collections. <br /> <br /> <br />

Publications

Peer Reviewed:<br /> <br /> Bragg, D. & K. Tetrick. 2004. Insect control in Fall Seeded Canola. Arthropod Management Tests Vol. 30. journal article (accepted - in press) <br /> <br /> Bragg, D., C. Donohue, & K. Tetrick. 2004. Insect Control in Spring Wheat. Arthropod Management Tests Vol. 30. journal article (accepted - in press) <br /> <br /> Bragg, D. & K. Tetrick. 2004. Pyrethroid Control of Insects in Fall Seeded Canola, 2003. Arthropod Management Tests. Vol. 30. journal article (accepted - in press)<br /> <br /> Bragg, D., C. Donohue, & K. Tetrick. 2004. Russian Wheat Aphid Control in Spring Wheat. Arthropod Management Tests. Vol. 30 journal article (accepted - in press)<br /> <br /> Bragg, D., C. Donohue, & K. Tetrick. 2004. Russian Wheat Aphid Control in Spring Barley. Arthropod Management Tests. Vol. 30. journal article (accepted - in press)<br /> <br /> Chen W., C. J. Coyne, T. L. Peever and F. J. Muehlbauer. 2004. Characterization of chickpea differentials for virulence assay of Ascochyta blight and identification of chickpea accessions resistant to Ascochyta rabiei. Plant Pathology 53: 759-769.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., Elberson, L.R., Youssef, N., Young, F.L. and Evans, M.A. 2004. Cereal aphid and natural enemy populations in cereal production systems in Eastern Washington. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 77:165-173. 2004.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., Elberson, L.R., Bosque-Perez, N.A. and Schotzko, D.J. In press. Detrimental and neutral effects of wild barley-Neotyphodium fungal endophyte associations on insect survival. Entomol. Experimentalis et Applicata.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F., K. Schubert and U. Braun. 2004. Check-list of Cladosporium names. Schlechtendalia 11: 1-103.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., V.L. Bradley, and M.A. Evans. Effect of seed sampling method during regeneration on genetic population structure and growth of model ryegrass populations. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. (Accepted Nov. 4, 2004)<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., V.L. Bradley, and M.A. Evans. 2004. Inflorescence sampling improves effective population size of grasses. Crop Sci 44:1450-1455.<br /> <br /> Lupien, S.L., B.C. Hellier and F.M. Dugan. 2004. First report of onion rust Puccinia allii on Allium pskemense and A. altaicum. Plant Disease 88: 83.<br /> <br /> Moon, C.D., Craven, K.D., Leuchtmann, A., Clement, S.L. and Schardl, C.L. 2004. Prevalence of interspecific hybrids amongst asexual fungal endophytes of grasses. Molecular Ecology 13:1455-1467.<br /> <br /> Pappu, H.R., B.C. Hellier, F.M. Dugan. First Report of Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, and Garlic common latent virus in Garlic in Washington State. Plant Disease, Feb., 2005.<br /> <br /> Paulitz, T.C., F. Dugan, W. Chen and N.J. Grünwald. 2004. First report of Pythium irregulare on lentils in the United States. Plant Disease 88: 309.<br /> <br /> Pilet-Nayel M-L., A. Moussart, M. Roux-Duparque, C.J. Coyne, C. Onfroy, A. Lesne, R. Esnault, C. Boitel, R. McGee, B. Tivoli and A. Baranger. 2004. Resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in pea. Proceedings of 5th European Grain Legume Conference p. 101-102.<br /> <br /> Poole, G.J., W.J. Johnston, and R.C. Johnson. Regional climatic characterization of Pacific Northwest, USA, green type Poa annua. Int. Turf Res. Soc. J. Vol. 10. (Accepted Dec. 4, 2004)<br /> <br /> Reed, K.F.M., Clement, S.L., Feely W.F. and Clark. B. 2004. Improving tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) for cool-season vigour. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44:873-881.<br /> <br /> Published online, non-peer reviewed:<br /> <br /> Coyne C. J., S. Murray, and G. M. Timmerman-Vaughan. 2004. Identification of RGAs from a pea BAC library using BAC pools. In New directions for a diverse planet: Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Fischer et al eds., p.3.7.3. http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/<br /> <br /> Hellier, B, M. Pavelka. Summary of Fertility Characteristics of the USDA Garlic Collection when Grown in Pullman, WA. http://NARC2004.org. 12/2004.<br /> <br /> Non-peer reviewed:<br /> <br /> Clement, S. 2004. Grass endophyte peregrinations at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. Pp. 6-10. Proc. 37th Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference (R.C. Johnson, ed.). Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman, Washington. (Proceedings Paper).<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., Youssef, N., Bruehl, G.W., Kaiser, W.J., Elberson, L.R. and Bradley, V. 2004. Effects of different storage temperatures on grass seed germination and Neotyphodium survival. 3 pages (#511). Proc. 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions (R. Kallenbach, C. Rosenkrans, Jr., T.R. Lock, eds.). University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas. (Proceedings paper).<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L. and Popay, A.J. 2004. Consequences of grass-endophyte associations on insects. XXII International Congress of Entomology. Brisbane, Australia (Abstract).<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., L.R. Elberson, N.A. Rosque-Perez, D. Schotzke. Detrimental and Neutral Effects of Wild Barley-Neotyphodium EndophyteAssociations on Insect Survival. International Neotyphodium Grass Interactions. 2004.<br /> <br /> Hellier, B. The Garlic Collection of the USDA, ARS National Plant Germplasm System. The Garlic Press. #44, Fall 2004. <br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C. V. Bradley, C. Foiles. 2004. Regenerating grass germplasm: Choosing the right compromise. p. 19-24. In R.C. Johnson (ed) Thirty-Seventh Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference, Pullman WA.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., W.J. Johnston, C.T. Golob. Evaluating Genetic Resources for Sustainable Production of poa pratensis. Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference Proceedings. 2004.<br /> <br /> Manuscripts:<br /> <br /> Jenderek, M.M. and Y. Zewdie. Within and between family variability for important bulb and plant traits among sexually derived progenies of garlic. HortScience, Submitted 12/3/0; accepted 1/31/05.<br /> <br /> Zewdie, Y., M.J. Havey, J.P. Prince, and M.M. Jenderek. The first genetic linkage map of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Journal of ASHS. Accepted 12/4/04.<br /> <br /> Abstracts and posters:<br /> <br /> Casler, M.D., R.E. Barker, J.H. Cherney, Y.A. Papadopolous, R.C. Johnson, and M. Jenderek. Breeding non-flowering orchardgrass. CSSA 2004 Abstracts p. 4380.<br /> <br /> Casler, M.D., R.E. Baker, J.H. Cherney, Y.A. Papadopolus, R.C. Johnson, and M.M. Jenderek. Breeding non-flowering orchardgrass. (Poster). 2004 ASA-CSSA-SSSA meeting.<br /> <br /> Coyne C. J. , C. Watt, S. McManus, D. A. Inglis, N. Grunwald, K. E. McPhee, M. L. Pilet-Nayel. 2004. Preliminary identification of QTL associated with Fusarium root rot resistance in pea. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM], p. 1474.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., T.L. Peever and W. Chen. 2004. Fungi resident in chickpea debris and competitive interactions with Ascochyta rabiei. Phytopathology 94: S27.<br /> <br /> Havey, M.J., M.M. Jenderek, K. Sink, Ch. Foo, and Ch. Town. Expressed sequence tags of onion for comparative mapping of the Asparagales. International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae, Beijing, China. March 2004 (Oral presentation and abstract on line).<br /> <br /> Hogue, J.A., V.J. Erickson, and R.C. Johnson. AFLP, phenotypic, and site diversity of blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus). CSSA 2004 Abstracts p. 5597.<br /> <br /> Hogue, J.A., V.J. Erickson, R.C. Johnson, T.J. Kisha, C.L. Foiles, and V.L. Bradley. 2004. AFLP, phenotypic, and site diversity of Blue Wildrye (Elymus glaucus). Agronomy Abstracts (5597).<br /> <br /> Jenderek, M.M. Cladode and flowering characteristics of the USDA Opuntia sp. germplasm collection. (Poster) AAIC, New Uses Council, Joint Meeting, Industrial Crops and Uses to Diversify Agriculture, 9/12-22/04. Program and Abstracts:46.<br /> <br /> Jenderek, M.M. Evaluation of diversity in seed production of the USDA Limnanthes alba germplasm collection. (Poster). 2004 ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Abstracts:326.<br /> <br /> Jenderek, M.M., F. Dugan and R.M. Hannan. Tolerance to rust (Puccinia allii) in seed derived garlic progenies. (Poster) 2004 ASHS, Program and Abstracts:775.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., W.J. Johnston, C.T. Golob, F.B. Bertoli, M.C. Nelson, T.J. Kisha. Evaluation and Enhancement of Kentucky Bluegrass Genetic Resources for Sustainable Production. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2003. p. 916495.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., Li Dajue, C.L. Foiles. Variation in winter hardiness among safflower accessions. CSSA 2004Abstracts p. 4647.<br /> <br /> Kisha, T.J. 2004. Comparing molecular marker types for cost and information content. In: Effective use of molecular markers in genetic conservation and improvement of horticultural crops. Sponsored by: Genetics and Germplasm<br /> Working Group (GG). American Society for Horticultural Science Abstracts. (Invited Speaker) July 17-20<br /> <br /> Kisha, T.J., S.L. Clement, L.R. Elberson. Comparison of PCR and Atem Isolation Based Methods for Fungal Endophyte Detection in Tall Fescue. Agronomy Abstracts. 2003.<br /> <br /> Kisha, T.J., R.C. Johnson, D.Z. Skinner, G.R. Bauchan, and S.L. Greene. Variance of molecular distances among alfalfa synthetic populations by marker type. CSSA 2004 Abstracts p. 5781.<br /> <br /> Kisha, T.J., R.C. Johnson, D.Z. Skinner, G.R. Bauchan, and A.L. Greene. 2004. Variance of molecular genetic distances among alfalfa synthetic populations by marker type. Agronomy Abstracts (5781).<br /> <br /> Pentecost G., S. L. Greene, B. Hellier, Coyne C.J. and A. Raven. 2004. Using Dynamic Modeling to Locate Native Legumes. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM], p. 1294.<br /> <br /> Watt C., Razai L., and C.J. Coyne. 2004. Molecular diversity of USDA pea core collection. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM], p. 1092.<br /> <br /> Zewdie,Y., M.M. Jenderek, M.J. Havey, and J.P.Prince. Development of the first linkage map in garlic. (Poster) 2004 Plant and Animal Genome XII, Final Abstract Guide:257. <br /> <br /> Zewdie,Y., M.M. Jenderek, M.J. Havey, and J.P.Prince. Genetic linkage map of garlic (Allium sativum). (Poster) 2004 ASHS, Program and Abstracts:775.<br /> <br /> Book chapter and Proceedings in 2004:<br /> <br /> Bertoli, F.B., R.C. Johnson, B. Lucaroni, M. Romani, L. Russi, E. Piano, and M. Falcinelli. 2003. Agronomic and molecular evaluation of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) Germplasm collected in Italy. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 39 (Special Issue): 330-332.<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., S. Murray and G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan. 2004. Utilization of a 3X HindIII pea BAC library to identify clones with low copy number genes. Proceedings of 5th European Grain Legume Conference p. 611.<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., N. J. Grünwald, D.A. Inglis, K.E. McPhee and M.-L. Pilet-Nayel. 2004. Inheritance of Fusarium root rot resistance in pea using RILs. Proceedings of 5th European Grain Legume Conference p. 340.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2004. Glossary, pp. 637-672 in: Biodiversity of Fungi: Inventory and Monitoring Methods, ed. by Mueller, G. M., G. F. Bills, and M. S. Foster. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., and S.L. Lupien. 2004. Quiescent and endophytic fungi in grass family hosts: mutualists, pathogens, saprophytes and hitchhikers, pp. 11-15 in: R.C. Johnson (ed.), Proceedings of the 37th Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference, May 14-17, 2002, Moscow, Idaho.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C. 2004. Proceedings of the Thirty-seventh Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference. Pullman WA. 91p. (Editor)<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., W.J. Johnston, and Charles Golob. 2004. Characterization and Enhancement of the USDA-ARS Kentucky Bluegrass Collection. p. 45-52. In R.C. Johnson (ed) Thirty-Seventh Grass Breeders Work Planning Conference, Pullman WA.<br /> <br /> McPhee K.E. , D.A. Inglis and C.J. Coyne. 2004. Linkage map location of Fusarium wilt race 2 (Fwn) in pea. Proceedings of 5th European Grain Legume Conference p. 342.<br /> <br /> Peer-reviewed, submitted:<br /> <br /> Mimura M, C.J. Coyne and T.A. Lumpkin. 200X. Genetic Diversity of Edamame Soybean, [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from Japan, China and the U.S. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (submitted Dec. 15, 2004).<br /> <br /> Infantino, A., M. Kharrat, L. Riccioni, C.J. Coyne, K.E. McPhee, N.J. Grünwald. 200X. Screening techniques and sources of resistance to root diseases in legumes. Euphytica (submitted Dec. 17, 2004).<br /> <br /> Muehlbauer F.J. , S. Cho, A. Sarker, CJ. Coyne, P.N. Rajesh and R. Ford. 200X. Application of biotechnology in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Euphytica (submitted Dec. 31, 2004).<br /> <br /> Baranger A., Higgins, Bleve-Zacheo, M-L Pilet-Nayel, C.J. Coyne, G.M. Timmerman, T. Warkentin, Taylor, A. Maule, Roman, Torres. 200X. Dry pea breeding for resistance against major biotic stresses: from classical to MAS breeding. Euphytica (submitted Nov. 30, 2004).<br /> <br /> Pilet-Nayel M.L., F.J. Muehlbauer, J.M. Kraft, R.J. McGee, A. Baranger and C.J. Coyne. 200X. Consistent QTLs in pea for partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches isolates from the United States and France. Phytopathology (submitted October 15, 2004).<br /> <br /> Publications: <br /> <br /> Description / citation: Bragg, D., C. Donohue, & L. Knettle. 2004. Insect Control in Spring Dry Peas. Arthropod Management Tests. Vol. 30.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., T. Minoura, J.S. Steiner, 2004. Germplasm collection exploration and mapping software: something new for the NPGS Medicago and Trifolium collections. Joint Conference of the 39th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference and the 18th Trifolium Conference, July 18-21, Quebec City, Canada.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L. 2004. Medicago truncatula collection characterization. Invited presentation in the Workshop on New Directions for Forage Legumes, Joint Conference of the 39th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference and the 18th Trifolium Conference, July 18, Quebec City, Canada.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L 2004. Morphological evaluation of the USDA NPGS Medicago truncatula collection. Joint Conference of the 39th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference and the 18th Trifolium Conference, July 18-21, Quebec City, Canada.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., M. Gritsenko, G. Vandemark. 2004. Relating morphologic and RAPD marker variation to collection site environment in wild populations of red clover. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51:643-653.<br /> <br /> Mosjidis, J.A. S.L. Greene, K. A. Klingler, A. Afonin. 2004. Isozyme Diversity in Wild Red Clover Populations from the Caucasus. Crop Science 44:665-670.<br /> <br /> Pentacost C.G., S.L. Greene, B. Hellier, C.J. Coyne, A. Raven. 2004. Automated spatial data collection: a critical step in dynamic modeling. ASA Annual Meetings, Nov 3, Seattle, Washington.<br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. The impact of this work has been the availability and provision of plant germplasm to aid the progress in the investigation of these crops at both the morphological level and the molecular level through DNA marker technology and gene mapping, where recent plant characterization data has provided valuable information to support outside and collaborative research proposals.
2. Reduce duplicate accessions in collections: The Agronomy program continued a study to identify duplicate accessions within our grass germplasm collection. Germplasm curators will be able to refine collections to reduce duplicates and increase economy and efficiency of germplasm conservation.
3. Germplasm exploration: The Horticulture Crops Curator participated in two NPGS sponsored germplasm collection missions. New and unique germplasm was added to the existing U.S. collections for specific plant taxa.
4. Biological control of Ascochyta blight in chickpea: In cooperative research with WSU, Dept. of Plant Path., relative growth rates and competitive interactions on natural substrate and agar media were determined for Ascochyta rabiei and several other fungi colonizing chickpea debris. Biological control of this pathogen will provide an alternate source of control to using pesticides in the Pacific Northwest.
5. Conservation of U.S. native plant species: In a cooperative agreement between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and W-6 a project was initiated to strengthen native plant conservation and utilization. We will acquire and store key native seed germplasm collections made by the BLM in the Western US, manage and distribute seed from BLM collected germplasm at the WRPIS, and conduct research to maintain, characterize, and facilitate utilization of native germplasm.
6. No-burn management of Kentucky Bluegrass in the Pacific Northwest: Material for improvement in Kentucky Bluegrass seed yield for no-burn residue management systems is being developed. This will provide the grass seed industry with germplasm to develop cultivars that will maintain seed yield, but reduce air pollution during the cultivation process.
7. Embryo rescue in bean: In the Phaseolus Program seed has been collected from plants that were successfully regenerated via the embryo rescue and tissue culture program. None of these accessions had been grown before this time, but now are available to researchers world-wide.
8. Mountain Brome for reclamation: Mountain Brome is a key native grass for reclamation and revegetation on federal lands in the US. Thirteen-hundred fifty plants were established at two locations, and were characterized for 12 descriptors and entered into spreadsheets in preparation for analysis. This work is cooperative with the US FS to help guide decisions regarding seed transfer zones and management of Mountain brome for revegetation activities.
9. Repatriation of bean seed to Guatemala: This has been a very successful way to get more seed into the collection, and concurrently enhance our relationship with Guatemala.
10. Optimize pollinator density in leeks: In a project to optimize pollinator density for Allium ampeloprasum increase we completed the field study, which involved 32 field cages at Central Ferry. Procedures will be integrated into our regeneration protocol, as well as the data will be analyzed and a journal article will be prepared.
11. Retention of Viable Neotyphodium Endophyte in Tall Fescue Accessions Undergoing Seed Regeneration: This is research in support of the W6 regeneration program. The discovery of viable endophyte in seed stored under different storage temperatures has helped in the commercial development of new perennial grass/non-toxic endophyte associations for forage grass markets in New Zealand, Australia, and the U.S.
12. Barley/endophyte/insect interaction: A multi-year project on wild barley/endophytes/ insect interactions was completed. This work has added to the knowledge base of a complex beneficial interaction between plant, insect and fungus.
13. Wild Cicer germplasm screen for pod borer resistance: To determine wild Cicer germplasm for pod borer resistance, a cooperative project was established. Positive identification of resistant germplasm will provide genetic resources for cultivar development in the chickpea producing areas in the US and other countries of the world.
14. Garlic root rot control: Benomyl, thiophanate methyl and fludioxonil were tested for ability to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. proliferatum and Embellisia allii when pathogens were inoculated to soil for greenhouse-grown garlic and the fungicides used as pre-planting dips for planting cloves. Results provide control strategies in order to preserve the genetic resources of garlic at the Pullman location.
15. Molecular marker characterization of blue wildrye: AFLP marker analysis was completed on collections of Blue wildrye from the Umatilla Forest in eastern Oregon and Washington, and also throughout western North America. This means that molecular characterization should provide a valid picture of overall Blue wildrye diversity and is much easier to complete.
16. Safflower as alternate rotation crop: Safflower has potential for an excellent rotation crop with cereals in semiarid regions of the US. Winter safflower (fall planted) would provide winter cover, allow better control of grass weeds, increase water-use efficiency and seed yield compared to spring-sown safflower. This research will provide an alternate crop possibility for farmers in semi-arid regions of the country.

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Report Information

Participants

Jack Martin, Montana State University, jmartin@montana.edu;
Dan Parfitt, University of California-Davis, deparfitt@ucdavis.edu;
John Cho, University of Hawaii, choj@hawaii.edu;
Robert Zemetra, University of Idaho, rzemetra@uidaho.edu;
Meg Gollunick (for Stephen Jones), Washington State University, mvigil@wsu.edu and joness@wsu.edu;
Ralph Cavalieri, Washington State University- Admin. Advisor, cavalieri@wsu.edu;
Harold Bockelman, USDA-ARS Aberdeen ID, nsgchb@ars-grin.gov;
Alberto Pantojc, USDA-ARS Alaska, ffap2@uaf.edu;
Joseph Kuhl, USDA-ARS Alaska, ffjck@uaf.edu;
Lisa Keith, USDA-ARS Beltsville, lkeith@pbarc.ars.usda.gov;
Karen Williams, USDA-ARS Beltsville, kwilliams@ars-grin.gov;
Joseph Postman, USDA-ARS Corvallis Repository, jpostman@ars-grin.gov;
Kim Hummer, USDA-ARS Corvallis Repository, khummer@ars-grin.gov;
Ed Stover, USDA-ARS Davis Repository, ewstover@ucdavis.edu;
Wengui Yan, USDA-ARS Guam, wyan@spa.ars.usda.gov;
Francis Zee, USDA-ARS Hawaii Repository, fzee@pbarc.ars.usda.gov;
Richard Bell, USDA-ARS Kearneysville WV, rbell@afrg.ars.usda.gov;
Peter Bretting, USDA-ARS National Program - Beltsville, pkb@ars.usda.gov;
Maria Jenderek, USDA-ARS Parlier, mjenderek@fresno.ars.usda.gov;
Kim Garland Campbell, USDA-ARS Pullman WA, kgcamp@wsu.edu;
Clarice Coyne, USDA-ARS Pullman WA, coynec@wsu.edu;
Robert Krueger, USDA-ARS Riverside Repository, rkrueger@ucr.edu;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

In 2005, 24,533 seed lots/clones from 17,027 accessions were distributed: 15,067 (61%) USA requests and 9466 (39%) were distributions to foreign countries. There were 824 orders filled made up of 602 different requestors. The main crop requested was grass (5486) then safflower (3381) then alfalfa, beans, peas and chickpea all around 2000-2500 packets per genera. 49,229 observation data points were entered in GRIN in 2005 on 10,029 accessions on 192 descriptors on 22 crops. Thirty-nine per cent of the data came from cooperators and the other sixty-one per cent came from personnel at our station. 2477 viability records were entered on 2360 inventories. 1424 were tested in Pullman and 981 came from NSSL and the rest came from other sources. Of these 2477 fifty-five per cent were considered backlog inventories meaning they were over three years old. 1742 inventories were sent to NCGRP for backup. 2554 inventories were package and stored from newly increased/harvested accessions. 7562 inventories were weighed and seed number calculated. <br /> <br /> 2005 Germplasm Regeneration Activities: Agronomy Program, 710 accessions; Bean Program, 441 accessions; Cool Season Food Legume Program, 990 accessions; Horticultural Crops Program, 738 plots (308 were garlic); Forage Legume Program, 420 accessions, 92 Lotus, 173, Medicago and 155 Trifolium; Arid Land Plant Program, 2,247 accessions (77.8% for other NPGS, 22.2% Parlier's priority) for a total of 5,546 accessions regenerated for distribution and back up at our secondary site (Fort Coolins, CO). 2005 Germplasm Descriptor Data Generation- all the data is available on GRIN: Agronomy Program, 1,221 data points (46% came from cooperators); Bean Program, 15,335 data points (6% came from cooperators); Cool Season Food Legume Program,13,495 (52% came from cooperators), Horticultural Crops Program, 12,281 (99.9% came from cooperators); Forage Legume Program, photographed 350 accessions to document flowers and seeds, entered Lotus passport data into GRIN; Arid Land Plant Program: 97 Lesquerella and Limnanthes accessions were characterized for morphological and phenological characteristics and data were entered to GRIN.<br /> <br /> AGRONOMIC, GRASS AND SAFFLOWER project, Curator Vicki Bradley. 3,500 data points were entered in in 2005. Descriptor data, including fresh-flower-color, dry-flower-color, maximum and minimum head diameter, maximum and minimum height, spines, and bloom date, were collected on 74 safflower accessions for entry into GRIN. The number of overwintered plants and rust ratings were collected on 472 grasses. We began a project to update passport data on grass accessions, beginning with Achnatherum hymenoides (Indian Rice grass). Curator Vicki Bradley attended the Kansas Black Farmers Association (KBFA) tef meetings to participate in a review of 2005 accomplishments. Data gathered on 125 WRPIS accessions evaluated by a KSU graduate student was presented to the group and a demonstration plot planted on one of the KBFA member's farm was visited. These KBFA tef plots were the topic of an Associated Press article early in 2006. Recently, the Ethiopian government banned the export of tef flour making it probable that this work will be more valuable to the U.S. Ethiopian community than originally anticipated. We continued a study to identify duplicate accessions within our grass germplasm collection. Second year field data was collected on two populations of Dactylis glomerata 4Latar3, and four populations of Bromus inermis 4Manchar', planted at Central Ferry, Washington in a replicated evaluation plot in the fall of 2003. We used AFLP analysis on the DNA extracted from the Bromus populations and results indicated there were no differences between them. Comparison of the field data with the molecular data is underway. We have also started plants of other Bromus inermis accessions and will do similar analyses on these.<br /> <br /> <br /> HORTICULTURE CROPS, Curator Barbara Hellier. In 2005 the Horticulture Crops Program germplasm conservation efforts focused on increase/maintenance, documentation, and acquisition. Our increase program was spread across 16 locations. Greenhouse increases included accessions of Beta, Allium, Lactuca, Callistephus, Scabiosa, Plantago, and Polygonum. For the Beta accessions we finished harvest on 12 accessions, partially harvested 19 and started 31. In the Pullman fields we had a total of 518 plots: 308 garlic/ Allium and 210 broadleaf accessions. We continued to harvest the established broadleaf and Allium nurseries. Hightlights for 2005 include participated in several germplasm collection efforts. The first was in conjuction with our project to assess the genetic diversity of Allium acuminatum in the Great Basin. We collected A. acuminatum bulbs in northeast Nevada from 22 populations. The second was to locate and assess phenology of A. cernuum and Heirochloe odorata in northwestern Montana. The last trip was an NPGS sponsored collection mission to Greece to collect Beta nana. This was a multinational effort. The team consisted of four scientists: 2 from the US, 1 from Greece, and 1 from Germany. Genetic Diversity Patterns of Allium acuminatum in the Great Basin: Collaborative project with Dr Richard Johnson. Evaluation of the National Plant Germplasm System Garlic Collection for Garlic Viruses: NPGS funded evaluation. Collaborative project with Dr. Hanu Papu and Dr. Frank Dugan.<br /> <br /> Cool Season Food Legume Project, Curator Dr. Clarice Coyne, completed collection of 173,872 plant descriptor data from replicated plots of the pea core collection was planted in two locations (2685 plots) in two years (2004-05). For molecular characterization, approximately 6,600 SSR alleles and 16,800 RAPD alleles were generated on the pea core collection. Conducted replicated field trail in two cooperator locations for QTL mapping of quantitative resistance to Aphanomyces root rot and Fusarium root rot and presented data at four meetings to peers and one to the U.S. grain legume industry. Cooperated on germplasm evaluations of pea and chickpea for Fusarium root rot and Ascochyta blight. Conducted analysis to determine seed protein concentration data on 480 accessions of the pea collection and 40 accessions of chickpea core collection. Conducted pea BAC library characterization and utilization experiments in collaboration with visiting scientists. Mentored student awarded graduate research fellowship to study perennial Cicer collection. Conducted USDA-ARS Postdoctoral Fellowship project on haplotyping for association mapping studies in the cool season food legume collections.<br /> <br /> Phaseolus project. Curator Dr. Molly Welsh improved regeneration production: 43% increase in accessions regenerated due to the return to production of all of the greenhouse space-after renovation of irrigation system. Ninety-four accessions of species other than Phaseolus vulgaris were increased in 2005, representing a 200% gain from the previous year. Included is the increase of 17 wild accessions representing a 54% improvement over year 2004. All accessions grown were tested for the presence of BCMV (bean common mosaic virus). Seventy nine accessions have been through the virus clean-up program this year, representing a 97.5% gain. Information contained in the GRIN web-page descriptor site has been updated, and continues to be monitored and changed as additional data is obtained. Emphasis is placed on updating the information to keep it a current resource. The program to update and clarify the information in GRIN successfully entered data not previously available in the system for 1230 accessions. Two hundred sixty seven accessions-representing eight species & eleven spp., not previously deposited there, were sent to the NSSL for back-up storage; three species were represented in the seed sent for long-term storage. <br /> <br /> <br /> Forage Legume Prosser Highlights, Curator Dr. Stephanie Greene reported the uploading the upgraded Lotus passport data into GRIN, as well as made numerous corrections to GRIN to improve documentation. All G numbers have had extensive documentation added to GRIN. We uploaded passport data for explorations carried out in Georgia, and the Western US in 2004 (for all species collected). Have uploaded evaluation data generated on the M. truncatula collection in a 2003 morphological evaluation, and an aluminum tolerance evaluation carried out by the Noble Foundation. We are now largely independent in our use of the new GRINWIN system; routinely uploading our own annual regeneration and new acquisition data into GRIN. Photographed more than 350 accessions to document flowers and seeds. Photos have scale bar and color standards and are set up to allow for future image analysis of seed and flower color, shape and size. Photos will also be uploaded into GRIN.<br /> <br /> Arid Land Plant Program Parlier Highlights, Curator Dr. Maria Jenderek : Evaluation of orchardgrass. Cooperative project with USDA, ARS Pullman (R.C. Johnson) and Madison, WI (M. Casler). Breeding non-flowering orchardgrass. First year of observations is completed. The project will be carried out in 2006. Genetic diversity of the NPGS Limnanthes germplasm collection measured by SSR markers. This project was carried out in cooperation with CSUF, and was completed in 2005. The first manuscript draft is written. The results will depict the level of the collection's diversity. Variation in seed production and phonological characteristics in selected accessions of the USDA Limnanthes germplasm collection. Several traits of 24 different L. alba accessions were evaluated in a replicated trial. The 2nd year evaluation was completed. The project will be continued in the year. The study will provide information to breeders and growers of meadowfoam. Evaluation of the USDA Opuntia sp. germplasm collection. Cladode, flowering and phonological characteristics of over 100 Opuntia accessions and fruit quality of 45 different accessions were evaluated. Information on fruit characteristics were presented (poster) on the 2005 ASHS meeting. Evaluation of fruit quality will continue in 2006 (last evaluation year). The study will provide information on the NPGS germplasm for nurserymen, small farm growers and the Hispanic, Hmong and Italian heritage home gardeners. Evaluation of half-sib garlic family. Selected economic traits were evaluated in 2 locations (Parlier and Pullman) and compared to the maternal plant (second year completed). The 2005 evaluation was the last one. Data will be summarized during 2006, and a manuscript will be prepared for publication. Literature of this type of study for Allium sativum was not found. The results will provide information and germplasm to garlic breeders and researchers and may result in a germplasm release.<br /> Entomology Research Program: Dr. Steve Clement<br /> <br /> Pea Aphid Outbreak Cycles. Steve Clement has been tracking pea aphid population dynamics since 1986, resulting in the identification of two outbreaks on the Palouse, one in 1990 and one in 1996. Walter Kaiser, retired ARS Research Plant Pathologist, recorded an outbreak in 1983. The pea aphid appeared in 'outbreak numbers' in early summer 2005, bringing the total number of outbreaks over a 23 year period to 4. This outbreak and the vectored viruses resulted in poor seed regeneration in at least one pea nursery established by Clare Coyne. Steve is exploring the possible relationship of outbreak cycles with various abiotic and biotic factors.<br /> <br /> Pea Weevil Resistance in Pisum sativum x P. fulvum Crosses. The research phase of this project, which started in the early 1990s, is now complete with the evaluations of F 4 material in summer 2005. Briefly, pod-based resistance was detected in hybrids from crosses involving these two Pisum species. In 2006, the large amount of data that has been collected over several years will be summarized so Steve can analyze the results and write a research paper.<br /> <br /> Cereal Leaf Beetle - Fungal Endophyte - Grass Interactions. The cereal leaf beetle is a fairly new pest in the Pacific Northwest. Its host range includes wheat and many grass species, including taxa maintained by the Pullman PI Station. Low numbers of the beetle have been detected at Central Ferry, so the insect has the potential to harm grass nursery plants. A series of experiments in 2005 quantified feeding damage on replicated plants of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass accessions, with the discovery that damage was extensive and statistically similar on both endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) plant material of each plant taxa. In addition, larval development was optimal on E- and E- Kentucky 31 tall fescue. This is a cooperative project with Terry Miller, Department of Entomology, Washington State University. Additional experiments will be conducted in 2006 to generate more data on larval development rates on E+ and E- plant material from more temperate grass accessions from the W6 collection.<br /> <br /> Wild Cicer Germplasm for Pod Borer (Lepidoptera) Resistance. Efforts in 2005 were devoted to developing greenhouse screening methods, securing eggs of beet armyworm from a commercial supplier, and obtaining germplasm from Fred Muehlbauer. This research will be expanded in 2006 to quantify susceptibility of chickpea and wild Cicer hybrid material to neonate and first-instar larvae of the beet armyworm.<br /> <br /> Retention of Viable Neotyphodium Endophyte in Tall Fescue Accessions Undergoing Seed Regeneration. This research is tied to the W6 germplasm regeneration program. It was initiated in 2002, and the first phase of this project is approximately 75% complete. Details have been given in previous annual reports and will not be repeated here. Briefly, germination rates and endophyte retention rates have been extremely high, which bodes well for the seed regeneration and cleaning procedures in place at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. The figures below show some of the initial results of seed germination rates (n=750 seeds/accession) and endophyte retention rates (n=1460 plants) from two tall fescue accessions.<br /> Agronomy Research Program: Dr. Richard Johnson<br /> Native plant germplasm. We are partnering with the BLM and the US Forest Service to acquire and evaluate key native plant species that are critical for restoration and revegetation efforts. The BLM and Forest service are increasingly interested in establishing properly adapted, native plant materials after disturbances such as logging and fire. Our approach is to collect populations over large areas, understand phenotypic and molecular patterns of variation across the landscape, and maintain and provide the genetic resources needed. Characterization of Mountain Brome (Bromus Marginatus Nees ex Steud.) Germplasm (Cooperative with Vicky Erickson, USFS). Mountain Brome is a key native grass for reclamation and revegetation on federal lands. In the fall of 2003, 1350 were established at two locations for a total of 2,700. In 2004 and 2005, these were characterized for 12 descriptors and entered into spread sheets in preparation for analysis. Also, DNA was extracted from each entry for future molecular analysis. Both univariate and multivariate statistics will be used to gauge collection diversity and test hypotheses as to the extent that genetic variation can be explained by ecological and geographic information. A preliminary analysis showed differences among sites for most traits measured, and wide variation for most. Variation among collection sites was also extensive. This work is cooperative with the US Forest Service to help guide decisions regarding plant adaptation zones and management of Mountain brome for revegetation activities.<br /> Enhancement of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) Germplasm for Seed Production in No-burn Residue Management Systems. Grass field burning is highly regulated and lower yields from no-burn systems are threatening the grass seed industry in the Inland Northwest. Genetic material is being developed with the goal of providing high yielding types with good turf quality for no-burn residue management systems. <br /> <br /> Winter Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower has multiple uses including as an edible oil and for bio-diesel, and is an excellent rotation crop with cereals in semiarid regions. Winter safflower (fall planted) would provide winter cover, allow better control of grass weeds, increase water-use efficiency and seed yield compared to spring sown safflower. We have identified germplasm with enough winter hardiness to be potentially useful for fall planting in many regions and are studying the mechanisms of cold acclimation. Variation within winter hardy safflower is being exploited though selection of improved material; cooperative work with safflower breeders is ongoing. In 2005 data analysis showed that selection has improved winter hardiness. A second year of the same study was established in the fall of 2005 and growth characteristics measured in the fall. In addition, accessions with varying winter hardiness and growth habit were planted to study the physiological basis of the fall cold acclimation process. Measurements of membrane stability, water relations, growth habit and dry weight are being made. Root and shoot tissue is being frozen for future carbohydrate analysis. <br /> <br /> Non- and sparse flowering orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) (Cooperative with Mike Casler, ARS, Madison WI, and others) Orchardgrass is a valuable pasture grass in many areas of temperate North America. However, profuse and early flowering in the spring creates management problems and reduces the forage intake of livestock, especially in intensive rotational grazing systems. Two sparse flowering populations WO-SF-B and WO-SF-C have been shown to produce fewer panicles per plant than normally observed in orchardgrass. This material is of interest to understand the physiological nature of the flowering response and also for practical application to improve pasture. In 2004 clones from 98 entries were received for planting at Central Ferry and Pullman. The same material will also be studied in Madison, Corvallis, and Parlier. However, the Pullman and Central Ferry locations, which differ in temperature but not day length, offers a unique contrast in locations. In the fall of 2004, the 98 clones were established at Pullman and Central Ferry locations in randomized completed blocks with four replications resulting in 392 plants. In 2005, for each of the 392 cones at Pullman and Central Ferry, the start of heading and the number of heads per plant was determined. Wide variation in the heading response was noted suggesting important differences among clones and potentially useful breeding material. This will be continued in 2006.<br /> <br /> Plant Pathology Research Program: Dr. Frank Dugan<br /> Relative number of lesions and survival rates were determined for chickpea seedlings adjacent to chickpea debris infested with Didymella rabiei (agent of Ascochyta blight of chickpea) and either treated or not treated with conidial suspensions of Aureobasidium pullulans. The number of lesions on plants adjacent to treated debris was significantly lower than the control, and the number of surviving plants significantly higher than the control. In fulfillment of USDA Cool Season Legume grant (Washington State University, Dept. Plant Pathology, T. Peever PI, pathologist is cooperator). The grant was renewed and analogous experiments were initiated for 2005-2006. <br /> <br /> A survey of commercially distributed seed garlic from several states and China revealed all shipments to contain one or more fungi documented as pathogenic to garlic (Embellisia allii, Penicillium hirsutum, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium proliferatum, Botrytis sp.). Identification of other fungi in progress.<br /> <br /> In a field trial with pre-planting dips for garlic cloves (cloves planted 2003, bulbs lifted 2004, stored & rated 2004-2005; data analyzed 2005) fludioxonil and thiophanate methyl gave significant disease reduction relative to controls. <br /> <br /> MOLECULAR GENETICS LABORATORY, Dr. Ted Kisha<br /> <br /> Microsatellite analysis of the pea core collection. Collaboration with Clarice Coyne. All DNA samples (~330) previously extracted from the peas core were reprecipitated in 3M NaCl to remove carbohydrates and other impurities. Thirteen primer loci were run using the Licor GeneReadIR PAGE system to complete analysis of 20 microsatellite loci.<br /> <br /> Analysis of Bromus inermis populations using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to identity duplicate accessions. Collaboration with Vicki Bradley. Two suspected duplicates of two different accessions were analyzed using AFLP markers. Twenty-four plants from each of the four populations were analyzed. Fragment separation was done using the Beckman CEQ capillary electrophoresis apparatus. All populations were highly polymorphic within. Purported duplicates showed no unique alleles within populations, and the genetic diversity between populations was not statistically significant. <br /> <br /> Molecular marker analysis of wild Allium acuminatum; Collaboration with Barbara Hellier and R.C. Johnson. Twelve individual plants of Allium columbianum were screened with AFLP primer pairs having 3 or 4 selective nucleotides and combinations thereof. Fragments from primers sets with 3 selective nucleotides on one primer and 4 on the other produced images with a reasonable number of polymorphic bands. The number of bands were still very high, making scoring difficult. <br /> <br /> Sequence related amplified polymorphic markers (SRAP) were tested to determine if they might provide data easier to reconcile. These gels revealed approximately 10-15 discreet bands per gel and were relatively easy to score compared with AFLP markers. <br /> <br /> Introgression between cultivated alfalfa and wild relatives in Kazakhstan. Collaborative project with Stephanie Greene. Six wild Medicago sativa ssp varia accessions and five traditional M. sativa varieties collected in Kazakhstan in 2000 were compared using microsatellite markers. The objective is to study the introgression of DNA between cultivated alfalfa and its wild relatives. Six marker loci revealed 119 alleles. <br /> <br /> AFLP marker analysis of Safflower accessions. Collaborative Project with Vicki Bradley and R.C. Johnson. Twelve individual safflower plants form each of eight accessions were analyzed using AFLP markers. Additionally, bulked samples of 12 plants each from 96 accessions were also analyzed. AFLP marker analysis grouped twelve populations, but showed variantion within accessions as well. Genetic variance within the Arizona Wild Composite was greater than within any other accession, which was expected. Clustering among the bulked accessions was mostly within geographical area of origin. <br /> <br /> AFLP marker analysis of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) accessions. Collaborative project with Vickie Bradley and Linda Hardesty (WSU). One hundred sixty-seven accessions of P. arundinacea were analyzed using AFLP markers. Preliminary results showed two distinct clusters. Several herbarium specimens were analyzed with good results. This project will attempt to identify whether native P. arundinacea can be identified in the Pacific Northwest. <br /> <br /> COMPUTER AND IT (G. Pentecost)<br /> <br /> In 2005, we focused on three areas: improving computer resources within the unit, increasing standardization across different agencies, and efficient use of hardware and software assets. The USDA-ARS and WSU continued to reconfigure their networks along similar models. Both agencies increased the use of collaborative intranet applications. To enable our smooth transition within each system, our unit coordinated communications between ARS and WSU IT personnel. As a result, we began the process of redefining the ARS network identity at WSU in a manner that will satisfy ARS requirements for enterprise-wide digital resource management. As in past years, we upgraded various software packages such as SAS, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe PhotoShop, Microsoft Office Suite, and many others. The current upgrades will meet specific standards for improving communications with the ARS Intranet, as well as within the WSU local area network. Software has only been partially updated on the oldest computers that are mostly used for general data entry. The older computers will gradually be upgraded during upcoming hardware replacements. We finished transferring content from our old web site to the new ARS web site. We next added additional information about the Prosser and Parlier stations to our WRPIS web site. We constructed a separate site for the Phaseolus Genetic Stock Collection. A web site for the 2005 PGOC Meeting provided a centralized location for the meeting's schedule, registration, contact information, and goals. Another web site, for the 2005 NPGS Curators Workshop, served the same purpose and also continues to offer the resultant workshop proceedings.<br /> <br /> <br /> PULLMAN FARM OPERATIONS, Wayne Olson, Farm Manager<br /> <br /> In January of 2005 we finished the construction of, and moved our Farm Seed Technician into the new office and break room as part of the new Seed Lab located on the Plant Introduction Farm. In 2004 we expanded our Seed Threshing and Seed Cleaning equipment into the new 720 square foot Seed Processing facility from the original 360 square foot seed cleaning facility and started operations. In total we increased our facility from the original 360 square foot facility to 1,368 square feet of Seed Lab and office space. In March 2005 the original threshing room was retrofitted for primarily threshing and cleaning large seeded accessions and crops. The new addition of office, connection corridor, and break room provides an efficient (and weather proof) route for moving dried plants and seed from our drying facility into the new seed lab, as well as an office / communications area for the Unit Seed Technician; and a small, comfortable break room for the Seed Lab employees. In May of 2005, an addition was constructed on the south side of the Seed Drying Building for storage of "Farm and Field Related" materials for the Unit's Curators and Researchers. This new 11,600 cubic foot expansion for storage has helped considerably by moving stored materials out of the drying facility. The storage of large amounts of stored materials in the drying room was impeding the airflow through the building and adding drying time of the plant materials, as well was created a safety issue for foot traffic within the facility. <br /> <br /> Central Ferry Farm, Kurt Tetrick, Farm Manager<br /> <br /> In October of 2004 a 25'X 50' pole building were erected a drying shed. This would allow our harvested crops to finish drying down in a cool environment away from the heat and sun of this location. In January Scott McGee, Shawn Vail and I installed R19 insulation on the walls and R33 on the ceiling. We then erected shelving using 2X4 framing and 4X4 uprights for shelving support. The finial shelving assembly was three shelves at a height of 3', 6' and 8' and a depth of 4' going around the entire building. Total shelving space is 984 sq ft. With the larger flat sizes in our transplanting program we were running out of room in our current shade house for hardening of plants. Scott McGee, Shawn Vail and I constructed another shade house. We then remodeled the wooden tables to fit the Styrofoam flats we currently use. We also raised the tables per a request of a curator.<br /> <br /> <br />

Publications

Adair, R., R.C. Johnson, B. Hellier, and W. Kasier. Collecting Taper Tip Onion (Allium acuminatum Hook.) in the Great Basin Using Traditional and GIS Methods. Native Plants Journal. Accepted with minor revisions.<br /> <br /> Baranger A., B.-Z. Higgins, M-L Pilet-Nayel, C.J. Coyne, G.M. Timmerman, T. Warkentin, A.M. Taylor, and T. Roman. 2006. Dry Pea Breeding for Resistance Against Major Biotic Stresses: From Classical to MAS Breeding. Euphytica. (submitted).<br /> <br /> Bradley, V.L. 2005. Germplasm Collections: Diversity in the U.S. Cool-Season Grass Collection. Tpi Turf News. March/April 2005:53-57.<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., A.F. Brown, G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan, K.E. McPhee, and M.A. Grusak. Refined USDA-ARS Pea Core Collection Based on 26 Quantitative Traits. Pisum Genetics. 37:3-6.<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., M. Baum, P.C. Sharma P.M. Gaur, F.J. Muehlbauer, K.E. McPhee, G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan, M-L Pilet-Nayel, A.F. Brown, and R.J. McGee. 2005. Application of Molecular Markers in Food Legumes Breeding. Proceedings of the International Food Legume Research Conference IV. New Delhi, India. <br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., T. Vincent-Sharp, M.J. Cashman, W. Chen, F.J. Muehlbauer, and N. Mallikarjuna. 2005. A Method for Germination of Perennial Cicer Species. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter. 12:28-29.<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., L. Razai, B.-K. Baik, and M.A. Grusak. 2005. Variation for Pea Seed Protein Concentration in USDA Pisum Core Collection. Pisum Genetics. 37:7-11.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2006. The Identification of Fungi: An Illustrated Introduction with Keys, Glossary and Guide to Literature. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., and D.A. Glawe. In Press. Phyllactinia guttata is a Host for Cladosporium uredinicola in Washington State. Pacific Northwest Fungi on line. < www.pnwfungi.org >.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., S.L. Lupien, M. Hernandez-Bello, T.L. Peever, and W. Chen. 2005. Fungi Resident in Chickpea Debris and their Suppression of Growth and Rproduction of Didymella rabiei under Lboratory Cnditions. Journal of Phytopathology.153:431-439.<br /> <br /> Glawe, D.A., F.M. Dugan, Y. Liu,and J.D. Rogers. 2005. First Rcord and Characterization of a Powdery Mildew on a Member of the Juncaginaceae: Leveillula taurica on Triglochin maritima. Mycological Progress. 4:291-298.<br /> <br /> Goetz, J., and F.M. Dugan. In Press. Alternaria malorum: a Mini-review with New Records for Hosts and Pathogenicity. Pacific Northwest Fungi on line. < www.pnwfungi.org >.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., 2005. Collecting Legumes In The Largest Remote Region Remaining In The Lower 48 States. Aridus. 17:1-5.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., 2005. U.S. Germplasm Collection of Lotus: Activities Over the Last Decade. Lotus Newsletter. 35:109-111.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., T. Minoura, J.J. Steiner, and G. Pentecost. 2006. WebGRMS: Prototype Software for Web-based Mapping of Biological Collections. Biodiversity and Conservation 15(xx):xxx-xxx. (in review). <br /> <br /> Hartney, S., D.A. Glawe, F. Dugan, and J. Ammirati. 2005. First Report of Powdery Mildew on Corylus avellana Caused by Phyllactinia guttata in Washington State. Online. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2005-1121-01-BR.<br /> <br /> Hellier, B., H.R. Pappu, and F. Dugan. 2005. Symptoms of Iris Yellow Spot Virus on Wild Onion. APSnet Image of the Week. < apsnet.org/online/archive/2004/iw000049.asp >.<br /> <br /> Infantino, A., M. Kharrat, L. Riccioni, C.J. Coyne, K.E. McPhee, and N.J. Grünwald. 2006. Screening Techniques and Sources of Resistance to Root Diseases in Legumes. Euphytica. (in press).<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., L. Dajue, and V.L. Bradley. Winter Survival and Autumn Growth in Diverse Safflower Germplasm. Canadian J. Plant Science. In press.<br /> <br /> Loridon K., K.E. McPhee, J. Morin, P. Dubreuil, M.L. Pilet-Nayel, G. Aubert, C. Rameau, A. Baranger, C.J. Coyne, I. Lejeune-Hénault, and J. Burstin. 2005. Microsatellite Marker Polymorphism and Mapping in Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 111:1022-1031.<br /> <br /> Mimura, M., C.J. Coyne, and T.A. Lumpkin. 2006. Genetic Diversity of Edamame Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from Japan, China and the U.S. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. (published online January 2006).<br /> <br /> Muehlbauer, F.J., S. Cho, A. Sarker, CJ. Coyne, P.N. Rajesh, and R. Ford. 2006. Application of Biotechnology in Breeding Lentil for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress. Euphytica. (in press).<br /> <br /> Okubara, P.A., K.E. Keller, M.T. McClendon, K.E. McPhee, D.A. Inglis, and C.J. Coyne. 2005. Y15_999Fw, a Dominant SCAR Marker Linked to the Fusarium Wilt Race 1 (Fw) Resistance Gene in Pea. Pisum Genetics. 37:32-35. <br /> <br /> Pappu, H.R., B.C. Hellier, and F.M. Dugan. 2005. First Report of Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus, Leek Yellow Stripe Virus and Garlic Common Latent Virus in Garlic in Washington State. Plant Disease. 89:205.<br /> <br /> Pappu, H.R., B.C. Hellier, and F.M. Dugan. In Press. Iris Yellow Spot Virus Infection of Wild Onion Germplasm Accessions in Washington State. Plant Disease. VOL: PP.<br /> <br /> Pilet-Nayel M.L., F.J. Muehlbauer, J.M. Kraft, R.J. McGee, A. Baranger and C.J. Coyne. 2005. Consistent QTLs in Pea for Partial Resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches Isolates from the United States and France. Phytopathology. 95:1287-1293.<br /> <br /> Poole, G.J., W.J. Johnston, and R.C. Johnson. 2005. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 10:565-571.<br /> <br /> Weiners, R.R., S.-Z. Fei, and R.C. Johnson. 2005. Characterization of a USDA Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) Core Collection for Reproductive Mode and DNA Content by Flow Cytometry. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (Web publication).<br /> <br /> Books, Chapters, Proceedings, Popular<p><br /> Afonin, A.N., S.L. Greene, A.N. Frolov, N.I. Dzyubenko, M.M. Levitin, I.Ya. Grichanov, N.N. Luneva, and M.I. Saulich. 2005. A GIS-based Interactive Agricultural Atlas of the Former Soviet Union with Special Reference to Ranges of Agricultural Pest Organisms. In: Crop Protection Conference - Management Aspects of Crop Protection and Sustainable Agriculture: Research, Development and Information Systems, p. 5-7. St.Petersburg - Pushkin, May 31-June 3, 2005.<br /> <br /> Bradley, V.L., and T.J. Kisha. 2005. Analysis of Bromus Inermis Populations Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers to Identity Duplicate Accessions. In: Molecular Breeding for the Improvement of Forage Crops and Turf: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf, a Satelllite Workshop of the Xxth International Grasslands Congress. July 2005. Aberystwyth, Wales. P. 267.<br /> <br /> Brown, A.F., C.J. Coyne, and G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan. 2005. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pea (Pisum sativum) and Applications to Germplasm Utilization. Proceedings of the International Food Legume Research Conference IV. New Delhi, India. <br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., T.L. Griswold, R.W. Rust, B.C. Hellier, and D. Stout. Bee Associates of Flowering Astragalus and Onobrychis Genebank Accessions at a Snake River Site in Eastern Washington. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. In press.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., J. Ridsdill-Smith, and S. Cotter. 2005. First-instar Helicoverpa punctigera Larvae: Feeding Responses and Survival on Desi Chickpea and the Wild Relative Cicer bijugum. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter. 12:35-37.<br /> <br /> Coyne, C.J., A.F. Brown, and G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan. 2005. Preliminary Assessment of Allelic Diversity in USDA Pea Core Collection. North American Pulse Improvement Association Biennial Meeting. October 28 & 29. Newark, Delaware. Pisum Genetics. 37:(in press).<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., B.C. Hellier, and S.L. Lupien. 2005. Efficacy of Fungicides against Infections of Garlic in Washington State. Phytopathology Supplement; APSnet. (12-Apr-05).<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., A.N. Afonin, A.N. Frolov, N.I. Dzyubenko, M.M. Levitin, I.Ya. Grichanov, N.N. Luneva, and M.I. Saulich. 2005. In Virtual Collection of Agricultural Crops, Their Wild-Growing Relatives and Pest Organisms within the Former Soviet Union. The 5th International Symposium-Electronic Biological Collections: Theory, Standards, and Perspectives of Usage. Zoological Institute & Botanical Institute RAS. September, 11-18, 2005.<br /> <br /> Hellier, B.C., and M. Pavelka. 2005. Summary of Fertility Characteristics of the USDA Garlic Collection When Grown in Pullman, Wa. [abstract]. Hortscience. 40:1039<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C. Confining Safflower Pollen during Regeneration of Germplasm Seed Stocks. Proceedings: Workshop on the Confinement of Genetically Engineered Crops during Field Testing, September 13-15, 2004, USDA-APHIS Headquarters. In press. (Accepted Aug 2005).<br /> <br /> Nelson, C., S. Westmoreland, and F. Dugan. 2005. The Variable Sarcodon laevigatus - A Mystery of Shapes and a Wealth of Colors. The Mushroom Dye-Gest. Fall 2005. <br /> <br /> Nieves-Rivera, Á.M., N.J. Rodríguez, F.M. Dugan, B.R. Zaidi, and E.H. Williams, Jr. In Press. Characterization of Cladosporium oxysporum and C. sphaerospermum using Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as Their Sole Carbon Source in Tropical Coastal Seawater, in: Recent Research Developments in Multidisciplinary Applied Microbiology 2005: Understanding and Exploiting Microbes and Their Interactions - Biological, Physical, Chemical and Engineering Aspects. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.<br /> <br /> Pappu, H.R., B.C. Hellier, and F. M. Dugan. 2005. Iris Yellow Spot Virus Infection of Wild Onion Germplasm Accessions in Washington State. Plant Disease. (Accepted).<br /> <br /> Abstracts, Reports, Posters<p><br /> Brenner, D.M., T. Ayala Silva, B.C. Hellier, K.E. Hummer, M.M. Jenderek, L. Fredrick Marek, J.B. Morris, R.L. Nelson, K.R. Reitsma, L.D. Robertson, S.M. Stieve, E.W. Stover, and M.P. Widrlechner. 2005. Germplasm Collection Management and Evaluation for Trait Utilization Genetic Resources of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Crops. American Society of Agronomy Meetings.<br /> <br /> Brown A.F., C.A. Watt, L. Razai, and C.J. Coyne. 2005. Molecular Diversity of USDA Pea Core Collection using Microsatellites. Model Legume Congress. Asilomar, CA.<br /> <br /> Brown, A.F., C.A. Watt, L. Razai, and C.J. Coyne. 2005. Refined Pea (Pisum sativum) Germplasm Core Collection: Genetic Diversity as Revealed by RAPD, SSR, and Morphological Trait Data. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM], p. 8563. <br /> <br /> Clement, S.L. 2005. Forecasting Pea Aphid Outbreaks on Peas in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: Slam Dunk or Slim Chance? 7th International Symposium on Aphids, Perth, Western Australia. (Abstract).<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., H. Sharma, and J. Ridsdill-Smith. 2005. Confronting the Lepidoptera Pod-Borer Problem on Chickpea through International Collaboration and Research. Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. (Poster).<br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., A.F. Brown, and G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan. 2005. Preliminary Assessment of Allelic Diversity in USDA Pea Core Collection. Abstract for North American Pulse Improvement Association Biennial Meeting. October 28 & 29, 2005.<br /> <br /> Coyne, C.J., C.A. Watt, and L. Razai. 2005. Comparison Of Genetic Diversity Analyses Of The U.S. Pea (Pisum sativum) Core Collection Based On Quantitative Trait Data And Molecular Markers. International Plant and Animal Genome XIII Conference, p. 465. <br /> <br /> Ellis, D.D., D.M. Skogerboe, C.G. Andre, B.C. Hellier, and G.M. Volk, 2005. Cryopreservation of 12 Allium Sativum (Garlic) Accessions: a Comparison of Plant Vitrification Solutions (Pvs2) and Pvs3. in Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plants. June 5-7, 2005, Baltimore, Maryland. P. 11-12. Meeting Abstract.<br /> <br /> Glawe, D.A., F.M. Dugan, R.F. Cerkauskas, L.J. du Toit, S.K. Mohan, and Y. Liu. 2005. Leveillula taurica: An Emerging Plant Pathogen in the Pacific Northwest. Inoculum. 56:21.<br /> <br /> Glawe, D.A., F.M.Dugan, L.J. du Toit, Y. Liu, and J.D. Rogers. 2005. Leveillula taurica in Washington State: A Case History. Meeting of the Western Soil Fungus Conference and the American Phytopathological Society - Pacific Division, Schedule and Abstracts. June 28 - July 1, 2005. Portland Oregon.<br /> <br /> Glawe, D.A., J.F. Ammirati, B.E. Callan, F.M. Dugan, L.L. Norvell, and M. Seidl. 2005. The Pacific Northwest Fungi Project: Developing a Collaborative Model for Inventorying Biodiversity on a Regional Basis. Inoculum 56:21.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C. Confining Safflower Pollen during Regeneration of Germplasm Seed Stocks. Workshop on the confinement of genetically engineered crops during field testing. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/confine_workshop/johnson_abstract.pdf. <br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., T. Kisha, C. LeClarie-Foiles, and V. Bradley. Characterizing Safflower Germplasm with Aflp Molecular Markers. 2005 Crop Science Socity of America Meeting Abstracts: http://crops.confex.com/crops/2005am/techprogram/P5459.HTM.<br /> <br /> Watt, C., and C.J. Coyne. 2005. Measurements of Domestication Traits in Perennial Cicer Species. In ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM], p. 8477.<br /> <br /> PUBLICATIONS FROM ADDITIONAL ASSOCIATES<br /> <br /> Albrigo, L., H. Beck, L. Timmer, and E. Stover. 2005. Development and testing of a recommendation system to schedule copper sprays for citrus disease control. J. ASTM International 2(9): (in press).<br /> <br /> Aradhya M., J. Dangl, B. Prins, and E. Stover. 2005. Use of genetic markers in grape at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, California. First International Grape Genomics Symposium p. 62.(abstract).<br /> <br /> Aradhya M., J. Dangl, B. Prins, and E. Stover. 2005. Use of genetic markers in grape at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, California. <br /> Proceedings First International Grape Genomics Symposium (submitted). <br /> <br /> Aradhya, M.K. Potter, D., and Simon, C.J. 2006. Molecular Phylogeny and biogeography of the walnut genus Juglans (Juglandaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (in review).<br /> <br /> Aradhya, M.K., Potter, D., and Simon, C.J. 2006. Cladistic Biogeography of Juglans (Juglandaceae) based on chloroplast DNA intergenic spacer sequences. In Darwins Harvest  New approaches to the origins, evolution, and conservation of crops. Motley, T.J., Zerega, N., and Cross, H. (eds.). Columbia University Press, New York, 143-170.<br /> <br /> Aradhya, M.K., Prins, B.H., Dangl, G.S., Simon, C.J., and Stover, E. 2005. Genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of the genus Vitis: implications for conservation. Abstract submitted to the First International Conference on Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use, Wednesday 14th - Saturday 17th September 2005, Agrigento, Sicily, Italy.<br /> <br /> Bai, F. J. Watson, J. Walling, N. Weeden, A.A. Santner and D.A. DeMason. 2005. Molecular characteristic and expression of PsPK2, and PINOID-like gene from pea (Pisum sativum). Plant Sci. 168:1281-1291.<br /> <br /> Bergman, J.W. N.R. Riveland, C.R. Flynn, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, and K.D. Kephart. 2005. Registration of Montola 2003 Safflower.<br /> Crop Sci 2005 45: 801-802. <br /> <br /> Bhat, R. G., Colowit, P. M., Tai, T. H., Aradhya, M. K., and Browne, G. T. 2006. Genetic and pathogenic variability in Phytophthora cactorum affecting fruit and nut crops in California. Plant Disease (in press).<br /> <br /> Boman, B., Zekri, M., Stover, E. 2005. Methods for managing salinity in citrus production. HortTechnology 15:21-26.<br /> <br /> Brenner, D.M., T. Ayala-Silva, B. Hellier, K. E. Hummer, M. Jenderek, L. F. Marek, J. B. Morris, R. Nelson, K. R. Reitsma, L. D. Robertson, S.M. Stieve, E.W. Stover and M.P. Widrlechner. 2005. Genetic resources of Omega-3 fatty acid crops. Soil and Crop Sci. (abstract).<br /> <br /> Carter, A., J. Hansen, T. Koehler, X.M. Chen, and R. Zemetra. 2005. Development of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population in soft white winter wheat. 2005 ASA abstract CD.<br /> <br /> Ferguson, L., E. Stover, and C. Crisosto. 2005. Problems in fig production and physiology. Third International Symposium on Fig p. 37. (abstract).<br /> <br /> Ghandi, H., M.I. Vales, C. Watson, C. Mallory-Smith, N. Mori, M. Rehman, R.S. Zemetra, and O. Riera-Lizarazu. 2005. Chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite analysis of Aegilops cylindrica. TAG 111:561-572.<br /> <br /> Glenna, Leland, Gollnick, Margaret A., and S.S. Jones. Inhumane Opportunity Structures: Teaching Eugenics at United States Land-Grant Universities, 1911-1972. Social Studies of Science. (Submitted November 2005)<br /> <br /> Hanks, J.D., B.L. Waldron, P.G. Johnson, K.B. Jensen, and K.H. Asay. 2005. Breeding CWG-R crested wheatgrass for reduced-maintenance turf. Crop Sci. 45:524-528. <br /> <br /> Hansen, J., M. Rehman, C. Mallory-Smith, O. Riera-Lizarazu, and R. Zemetra. 2005 Determining the potential for migration of a herbicide resistance gene via pollen from jointed goatgrass backcrosses. WSCS Abstracts  2005 ASA abstract CD.<br /> <br /> Hanson, B.D., C.A. Mallory-Smith, B. Shafii, D.C. Thill, and R.S. Zemetra. 2005. Pollen-mediated gene flow from blue aleurone wheat to other wheat cultivars. Crop Sci 45:1610-1617.<br /> <br /> Hanson, B.D., C.A. Mallory-Smith, W.J. Price, B. Shafii, D.C. Thill, R.S. Zemetra. 2005. Interspecific hybridization: Potential for movement of herbicide resistance from wheat (Triticum aestivum) to jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Weed Tech. 19: 674-682.<br /> <br /> Hu, Z.-M., X.-L. Wu, S. R. Larson, R. R.-C. Wang, T. A. Jones, N. J. Chatterton, and A. J. Palazzo. 2005. Detection of linkage disequilibrium QTLs controlling low-temperature growth and metabolite accumulations in an admixed breeding population of Leymus wildryes. Euphytica 141: 263-280.<br /> <br /> Hummer, K.E. and E. Stover. 2005. Trends and fashions in fruit cultivar production. HortTechnology 15: 490-491.<br /> <br /> Jensen, K.B. 2005. Cytology and fertility of advanced populations of Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & Smith) Gould x Elymus caninus (L.) L. hybrids. Crop Sci. 45:1211-1215.<br /> <br /> Jensen, K.B., and S.R. Larson, and B.L. Waldron. 2005. Registration of Mustang Altai wildrye. Crop Sci. 45: 1168-1169.<br /> <br /> Jensen, K.B., K.H. Asay, D.A. Johnson, S.R. Larson, B.L. Waldron, and A.J. Palazzo. 2006. Registration of Bozoisky-II Russian wildrye. Crop Sci. 46:986-987. <br /> <br /> Jensen, K.B., K.W. Maughan, and K.H. Asay. 2006. Genetic introgression between Pseudorogneria spicata (Pursh.) A. Love and Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner and Smith) Gould hybrids. Crop Sci. 46:655-661. <br /> <br /> Jensen, K.B., M.D. Peel, B.L. Waldron, and K.H. Asay. 2005. Persistence after three cycles of selection in NewHy RS-wheatgrass [Elymus hoffmannii K.B. Jensen & Asay] at increased salinity levels. Crop Sci. 45:1717-1720.<br /> <br /> Jensen, K.B., S.L. Larson, B.L. Waldron, and D.A. Johnson. 2005. Characterization of hybrids from induced x natural tetraploids of Russian wildrye. Crop Sci. 45:1305-1311.<br /> <br /> Jensen, K.B., S.L. Larson, B.L. Waldron, and K.H. Asay. 2006. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of hybrids between 6x, 4x, and 2x ploidy levels in crested wheatgrass. Crop Sci. 46: 105-112. <br /> <br /> Jones, S.S., S.R. Lyon, K.A. Balow, T.D. Murray, X.M. Chen, B.P. Carter, C.R. Morris, K. Garland Campbell, J.W. Burns, W.F. Schillinger, P.E. Reisenauer, B. J. Goates. 2006. Registration of Masami Wheat. Crop Sci. 46: XX-XX In Press.<br /> <br /> Jones, SS. 2004. Progress without patents: Agricultural research, no strings attached. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation. Vol. 19 (2): 463-465.<br /> <br /> Jones, T. A. 2005. Genetic principles for the use of native seeds. Native Plants J. 5:14-24.<br /> <br /> Jones, T. A. 2005. Native seeds in commerce. Native Plants J. 6:286-293.<br /> <br /> Jones, T. A., D. C. Nielson, S. L. Caicco, G. A. Fenchel, and S. A. Young. 2005. Registration of Star Lake Indian ricegrass germplasm. Crop Sci. 45:1666. <br /> <br /> Lammer, D., Cai, Xiwen, Arterburn, M., Chatelain, J., Murray, T.D., and Jones, S.S. 2004. A single chromosome addition from perennial Thinopyrum elongatum confers a polycarpic, perennial habit to annual wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany. Vol. 55, No 403; 1715-1720. <br /> <br /> Lee, B., M. Kim, R. R.-C. Wang, and B. L. Waldron. 2005. Relationships among 3 Kochia species based on PCR-generated molecular sequences and molecular cytogenetics. Genome 48: 1104-1115.<br /> <br /> Li, H.J., M. Arterburn, S.S. Jones and T.D. Murray. 2004. A new source of resistance to Tapesia yallundae associated with a homoeologous group 4 chromosome in Thinopyrum ponticum. Phytopathology. Vol. 94, No. 9; 932-937. <br /> <br /> Li, H.J., M. Arterburn, S.S. Jones and T.D. Murray. 2005. Resistance to eyespot of wheat, caused by Tapesia yallundae, derived from Thinopyrum intermedium homoeologous group 4 chromosome. Theor Appl Genet. 111: 932-940.<br /> <br /> Li, Y.L., D.A. Johnson, Y.Z. Su, J.Y. Cui, and T.H. Zhang. 2005. Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of plants growing in sand dunes. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 46: 127-134.<br /> <br /> Moffet M. and N.F. Weeden. 2005. Pheophorbide a monooxygenase (Pao) is located on LG VII near Amy in pea and lentil. Pisum Genetics 37:24-29.<br /> <br /> Monaco, T.A., D.A. Johnson, and J.E. Creech. 2005. Morphological and physiological plasticity of Isatis tinctoria: Responses to contrasting light, soil-nitrogen, and water. Weed Research 45: 1-7.<br /> <br /> Motley, T.J., Cross, H., Zerega, N., and Aradhya, M.K. 2006. Appendix II. Molecular analyses. In Darwins Harvest  New approaches to the origins, evolution, and conservation of crops. Motley, T.J., Zerega, N., and Cross, H. (eds.). Columbia University Press, New York, 370-378.<br /> <br /> Murphy K., D. Lammer, S. Lyon, B. Carter, S.S. Jones. 2005. Breeding for organic and low-input farming systems: An evolutionary-participatory breeding method for inbred cereal grains. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20: 45-55.<br /> <br /> Postman, J., K. Hummer, E, Stover, R. Krueger, P.Forsline, L.J. Grauke, F. Zee, T. Ayala-Silva, and B. Irish. 2006. Fruit and nut genebanks in the US National Plant Germplasm System. HortScience (in press).<br /> <br /> Rainbolt, C.R., D.C. Thill, R.S. Zemetra, and D.L. Shaner. 2005. Imidazolinone-resistant wheat acetolactate synthase (ALS) IN VIVO response to Imazamox. Weed Tech.19: 539-548.<br /> <br /> Rehman, M. J. Hansen, O. Reira-Lizarazu, C. Mallory-Smith, and R. Zemetra. 2005. Effect of transgene genome location on the risk of gene migration from wheat to jointed goatgrass in wheat x jointed goatgrass backcross progenies. 2005 ASA abstract CD.<br /> <br /> Rehman, M., J. Hansen, C. Mallory-Smith, O. Riera-Lizarazu, and R. Zemetra. 2005. Potential for gamophytic and/or sporophytic selection for herbicide resistance in wheat x jointed goatgrass backcrosses. WSCS Abstracts  2005 ASA abstract CD.<br /> <br /> Riera-Lizarazu, O., C.J.W. Watson, R.S. Zemetra, C. Mallory-Smith, and M. Isabel Vales. 2005 Development of a molecular marker linkage map of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). 2005 ASA abstract CD.<br /> <br /> Souza, E.J., N. Bosque-Pérez, M.J. Guttieri, D.J. Schotzko, S.O. Guy, B. Brown, and R. Zemetra. 2005. Registration of Jerome wheat. Crop Sci. 45: 1161-1162.<br /> <br /> Stover, E. and M. Aradhya. 2005. Fig genetic resources and research at the U.S. National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, California. Third International Symposium on Fig p. 18. (abstract).<br /> <br /> Stover, E. and M. Aradhya. 2005. Fig genetic resources and research at the U.S. National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, California. Acta Hort. (submitted).<br /> <br /> Stover, E. and M. Aradhya. 2005. Fig genetic resources and research at the U.S. National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, California. Acta Hort. (submitted).<br /> <br /> Stover, E., M. Aradhya, and L. Ferguson. 2005. The fig: overview of an ancient fruit. HortScience 40:953 (abstract). <br /> <br /> Stover, E., M. Aradhya, B. Prins, J. Dangl, and P. Cousins. 2006. Vitis genetic resources and research at the U.S. National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, California. Ninth International Conference on Grape Genetics and Breeding (abstract).<br /> <br /> Stover, E., M. Aradhya, C. Crisosto, and L. Ferguson. 2006. Screening the U.S. national fig collection for potential fresh fruit genotypes. HortScience (abstract). <br /> <br /> Stover, E., M. Aradhya, C. Weeks, and P. Forsline. 2006. Prunus genetic resources and research at the U.S. National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, California. Third International Rosaceae Genomics Symposium (abstract).<br /> <br /> Stover, E., M. Aradhya, L. Ferguson, and C.H. Crisosto. 2006. The fig: overview of an ancient fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Pomol. (submitted).<br /> <br /> Stover, E., W, Castle, and C.C.T. Chao. 2005. Trends in U.S. sweet orange, grapefruit, and mandarin-type cultivars. HortTechnology 15:501-506.<br /> <br /> Stover, E.W., Greene D.W. 2005. Environmental effects on the performance of foliar applied plant growth regulators. HortTechnology 15:214-221.<br /> <br /> Waldron, B.L., K.B. Jensen, R.D. Harrison, A.J. Palazzo, and T.J. Cary. 2006. Registration of Yakima western yarrow germplasm (Source Identified). Crop Sci. 46:488-489.<br /> <br /> Waldron, B.L., S.R. Larson, Jensen, K.B., R.D. Harrison, A.J. Palazzo, and T.J Cary. 2006. Registration of Reliable Sandberg bluegrass germplasm (Selected Class). Crop Sci. 46:487-488.<br /> <br /> Wang, R. R.-C. Registration of TBTE001 and TBTE002. 2006. Thinopyrum amphidiploid genetic stocks differing for leaf glaucousness. Crop Sci. 46: 1013-1014.<br /> <br /> Wang, R. R.-C., J.-Y. Zhang, B. Lee, K. B. Jensen, M. Kishii, and H. Tsujimoto. 2006. Variations in abundance of 2 repetitive sequences in Leymus and Psathyrostachys species. Genome (published on-line 05/10/06 at http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/)<br /> <br /> REFEREED PAPERS:<br /> <br /> Villalobos, W., L. Moreira, K.S. Derrick, M.J.G. Beretta, R.F. Lee, and C. Rivera. 2005. First report of citrus blight in Costa Rica. Plant Disease. 89:108.<br /> <br /> Lee, R.F., M.G.H. Dekkers, and M. Bar-Joseph. 2006. Development of stable, uniform antigen controls for use in ELISA assays for Citrus tristeza virus. Accepted as a refereed paper in the Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Palmieri, M., I. Donis, A.L. Salazar, N. Cruz, A. Paniagua, R.H. Brlansky, A. Guerra-Moreno, K.L. Manjunath, P. Ballance, and R.F. Lee. 2006. Citrus viruses in Guatemala: Application of laboratory-based assays. Accepted as a refereed paper in the Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Guerro-Moreno, A.S., K.L. Manjunath, R.H. Brlansky, and R.F. Lee. 2006. Citrus leprosis symptoms can be associated with the presence of two different viruses: cytoplasmic and nuclear, the former having a multipartite RNA genome. Accepted as a refereed paper in the Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Ramos, C., J.C. Castillo, O. Fernandez, B. Range., K.L. Manjunath, and R.F. Lee. 2006. Molecular characterization of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from Panama. Accepted as a refereed paper in the Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Sieburth, P.J., K.G. Nolan, M.E. Hilf, R.F. Lee, P. Moreno, and S.M. Garnsey. 2006. Discriminatio of stem-pitting Citrus Tristeza Virus isolates from other CTV isolates. Accepted as a refereed paper in the Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Roy, A., K.L. Manjunath, and R.H. Brlansky. 2005. Assessment of sequence diversity in the 5' terminal region of Citrus tristeza virus from India. Virus Research. 113:132-142.<br /> <br /> NON-REFEREED PAPERS:<br /> <br /> Krueger, R.R., J. Bash, and R.F. Lee. 2005. Dweet mottle virus and Citrus leaf blotch virus. Subtropical Fruit News 3(1):7-9.<br /> <br /> Krueger, R.R., J. Bash, B. Rangel, and R.F. Lee, 2006. Citrus leaf blotch in California. (IOCV Newsletter).<br /> <br /> Putter, T., R. Putter, R.F. Lee, and C.N. Roistacher. 2006. EcoPort slide shows on the internet. Accepted as a short non-refereed paper in the Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Krueger, R.R., J. Bash, and R.F. Lee. 2006. Phytosanitary status of California citrus. Accepted as a short non-refereed paper in the Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> ABSTRACTS PUBLISHED:<br /> <br /> Rangel, B. and R.F. Lee. 2005. Phytoplasmas in Citrus. Phytopathology 95:S86.<br /> <br /> Hajeri, S., B. Rangel, and R.F. Lee. 2005. Dweet Mottle Disease and Citrus Leaf Blotch Disease may be caused by same virus or different strains of same virus. Phytopathology. 95:S39.<br /> <br /> Ramos, C., C.N. Roistacher, G.W. Muller, K. Bederski, B. Rangel, and R.F. Lee. 2006. Molecular characterization of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from mild strain cross protection experiments in Peru. Abstract to be published in Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Rangel, B., R.R. Krueger, and R.F. Lee. 2006. Current research on Spiroplasma citri in California. Abstract accepted to be published in Proc. 16th Conf. IOCV.<br /> <br /> Guerra-Moreno, A.S., K.L. Manjunath, R.F. Lee, and R.H. Brlansky. 2005. Citrus leprosis disease is associated with a bipartite positive-sense RNA virus. 2005 Caribbean Division meeting of APS, Costa Rica, June 2005.<br /> <br /> Manjunath, K.L., E. Rangel, A.S. Guerra-Moreno, R.H. Brlansky, and R.F. Lee. 2005. Serological detection of the cytoplasmic Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) from infected citrus plants. 2005 Carribbean Division meeting of APS, Costa Rica, June 2005.<br /> <br /> El-Assar, A.M., R.R. Krueger, P.S. Devanand, and C.T. Chao. 2005. Genetic analysis of Egyptian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions using AFLP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52:601-607.<br /> <br /> Brick, M.A., J.B. Ogg, J.J. Johnson, H.F. Schwartz, and F. Judson. 2005. Registration of Grand Mesa Pinto Bean. Crop Sci. 45:413.<br /> <br /> Volk, G.M., C.M. Richards, A.A. Reilley, A.D. Henk, P.L. Forsline, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 2005. Ex situ conservation of vegetatively-propagated species: Development of a seed-based core collection for Malus sieversii. J Am Soc Hort Sci. 130: 203-210. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. The entomology research program provided, upon request, clonal material of wild barley and tall fescue accessions harboring diverse strains of fungal endophytes to researchers at the University of Kentucky and Rutgers University. Material to be used for basic research and future, longterm development of novel grass -endophyte associations for drought tolerance and insect resistance. Additionally, the entomology program facilitated the shipment of wild tall fescue accessions from North Africa harboring novel endophyte strains to commercial seed producers in Australia.
2. The Research Entomologist provided specimen samples of the Cereal Leaf Beetle, an invasive insect in grass nurseries of the Pullman gene bank, to scientists of the Plant Biosecurity program in Australia.
3. Barbara Hellier&lsquo;s knowledge and advice regarding garlic culture, given to a northeastern grower, has been used to commercialize greenhouse production of garlic. The resulting product has become very popular in the north-east resulting in millions of dollars in sales revenue.
4. The impact of the 49,229 observation data points entered in GRIN in 2005 on 10,029 accessions on 192 descriptors on 22 crops by the Western Regional project will be on researchers as they can more readily identify appropriate accessions for specific research objectives such as yield, nutrition or tolerances to stresses.
5. Data gathered on 125 WRPIS accessions evaluated by a Kansas State University graduate student was presented to the group and a demonstration plot planted on one of the Kansas Black Farmers Association (KBFA) member&lsquo;s farm was visited. These KBFA tef plots were the topic of an Associated Press article early in 2006. Recently, the Ethiopian government banned the export of tef flour making it probable that this work will be more valuable to the U.S. farmers and to the Ethiopian community than originally anticipated.
6. Safflower has multiple uses including as an edible oil and for bio-diesel, and is an excellent rotation crop with cereals in semiarid regions. Winter safflower (fall planted) would provide winter cover, allow better control of grass weeds, increase water-use efficiency and seed yield compared to spring sown safflower. We have identified germplasm with enough winter hardiness to be potentially useful for fall planting in many regions and are studying the mechanisms of cold acclimation.
7. Bean (Phaseolus) information contained in the GRIN web-page descriptor site has been updated 1230 accessions increasing the utility of the GRIN bean database for meta-analysis and for genetic diversity studies.
8. Specific nutrient (protein) data is available to researchers interested in improving seed protein content in pea. Feed pea is an expanding crop in the northern tier states (Montana, N and S Dakota) and protein concentration is an important crop trait in the expanding market of feed pea in the USA.
9. The impact of forage legume Lotus passport data, evaluation data generated on the entire Medicago truncatula collection and an aluminum tolerance evaluation of M. truncatula carried out by the Noble Foundation published on GRIN is researchers will have valuable information on these forage legumes, with M. truncatula, a legume model system whose genome is currently being sequenced by NSF and others.
10. Cladode, flowering and phonological characteristics of over 100 Opuntia accessions and fruit quality of 45 different accessions were evaluated. Information on fruit characteristics were presented (poster) on the 2005 ASHS meeting. Evaluation of fruit quality will continue in 2006 (last evaluation year). The study will provide information on the NPGS germplasm for nurserymen, small farm growers and the Hispanic, Hmong and Italian heritage home gardeners.
11. Genetic diversity of the NPGS Limnanthes germplasm collection measured by SSR markers. This project was carried out in cooperation with CSUF, and was completed in 2005. The first manuscript draft is written. The results will depict the level of the collection&lsquo;s genetic diversity.
12. The determination of variation in seed production and phenological characteristics in selected accessions of the USDA Limnanthes germplasm collection provided valuable trait information to breeders and growers of meadowfoam.
13. Evaluation of half-sib garlic family provided information and germplasm to garlic breeders and researchers and a probable germplasm release.
14. Pod-based resistance to pea weevil was detected in hybrids from crosses involving these two Pisum species and publication of these results will provide breeders with information on breeding for genetic resistance. Genetic resistance will reduce pesticide applications, decrease production costs, thereby increases net return to pea producers.
15. Cereal Leaf Beetle, fungal endophyte, grass interactions study determined that feeding damage was extensive and statistically similar on both endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) plant material of each plant taxa and larval development was optimal on E- and E- Kentucky 31 tall fescue impacts the understanding of plant, fungus and insect interactions in the scientific community.
16. Wild Cicer Germplasm for Pod Borer (Lepidoptera) Resistance. Efforts in 2005 were devoted to developing greenhouse screening methods, securing eggs of beet armyworm from a commercial supplier, and obtaining germplasm from Fred Muehlbauer. This research will be expanded in 2006 to quantify susceptibility of chickpea and wild Cicer hybrid material to neonate and first-instar larvae of the beet armyworm.
17. Retention of Viable Neotyphodium Endophyte in Tall Fescue Accessions Undergoing Seed Regeneration. Germination rates and endophyte retention rates have been extremely high, which bodes well for the seed regeneration and cleaning procedures in place at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station.
18. By partnering with the BLM and the US Forest Service to acquire and evaluate key native plant species that are critical for restoration and revegetation efforts. The BLM and Forest service are increasingly interested in establishing properly adapted, native plant materials after disturbances such as logging and fire. Our approach is to collect populations over large areas, understand phenotypic and molecular patterns of variation across the landscape, and maintain and provide the genetic resources needed.
19. Mountain Brome is a key native grass for reclamation and revegetation on federal lands and the variation among collection sites and traits was extensive. This work with the US Forest Service will help guide decisions regarding plant adaptation zones and management of Mountain brome for revegetation activities.
20. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm has been enhanced for seed production in no-burn residue management systems. Grass field burning is highly regulated and lower yields from no-burn systems are threatening the grass seed industry in the Inland Northwest. Genetic material is being developed with the goal of providing high yielding types with good turf quality for no-burn residue management systems.
21. Orchardgrass is a valuable pasture grass in many areas of temperate North America. However, profuse and early flowering in the spring creates management problems and reduces the forage intake of livestock, especially in intensive rotational grazing systems. Two sparse flowering populations WO-SF-B and WO-SF-C have been shown to produce fewer panicles per plant than normally observed in orchardgrass. This material is of interest to understand the physiological nature of the flowering response and also for practical application to improve pasture. Wide variation in the heading response was noted suggesting important differences among clones and potentially useful breeding material.
22. Relative number of lesions and survival rates were determined for chickpea seedlings adjacent to chickpea debris infested with Didymella rabiei (agent of Ascochyta blight of chickpea) and either treated or not treated with conidial suspensions of Aureobasidium pullulans. The number of lesions on plants adjacent to treated debris was significantly lower than the control, and the number of surviving plants significantly higher than the control and may be viable as a biocontrol agent to the destructive disease of chickpea.
23. A survey of commercially distributed seed garlic by Frank Dugan from several states and China revealed all shipments to contain one or more fungi documented as pathogenic to garlic (Embellisia allii, Penicillium hirsutum, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium proliferatum, Botrytis sp. This clarification of fungi taxa present in garlic will inform germplasm users and other regulatory agencies of potential pathogens affecting distribution.
24. A field trial with pre-planting dips for garlic of fludioxonil and thiophanate methyl gave significant disease reduction relative to controls. Effective control of pathogens of germplasm propagules improved the quality of germplasm shipped to plant scientists.

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Report Information

Participants

Vicki Bradley (w6vb@ars-grin.gov)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Mark Brick (mbrick@lamar.colostate.edu)- Colorado State Univ.;
Allan Brown (Allan.Brown@ARS.USDA.GOV)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Parlier;
Ralph Cavalieri (cavalieri@wsu.edu)-Washington State University-Admin Advisor;
John Cho (choj@hawaii.edu)- University of Hawaii;
Steve Clement (slclement@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Clare Coyne (coynec@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Frank Dugan (fdugan@mail.wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Leslie Elberson (elberson@mail.wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Vicky Erickson (verickson@fs.fed.us)- USDA Forest Service;
Stephanie Greene (sgreene@ars-grin.gov)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Prosser;
Barbara Hellier (bhellier@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Kevin Jensen (kevin@cc.usu.edu)- USDA, ARS, Logan, UT;
Richard Johnson (rcjohnson@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Stephen Jones (joness@wsu.edu)- Washington State University;
Ted Kisha (tkisha@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Robert Krueger (rkrueger@ucr.edu)- USDA-ARS Riverside Repository;
Jack Martin (jmartin@montana.edu)- Montana State University;
Shawn Mehlenbacher - Oregon State University;
Paula Moore (p_moore@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Dan Parfitt (deparfitt@ucdavis.edu)- University of California, Davis;
Gwen Pentecost (cgp@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Joseph Postman (jpostman@ars-grin.gov)- USDA-ARS Corvallis Repository;
Ian Ray (IARAY@NMSU.edu)- New Mexico State University;
Dave Stout (stoutd@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Robin Stratton (rstratton@wsu.edu)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Kurt Tetrick (cffarm@hughes.net)- USDA-ARS-WRPIS Pullman;
Bob Zemetra (rzemetra@uidaho.edu)- University of Idaho;
*Peter Bretting (peter.bretting@ars.usda.gov)- USDA ARS National Program Staff;
*Gail Wisler (Gail.Wisler@ars.usda.gov) - USDA ARS National Program Staff;
*Participated by telephone conferencing;

Brief Summary of Minutes

2007 Minutes of the W-6 Technical Advisory Committee, Pullman,WA June 28-29, 2007

Attending: See Participant Listing Above

Current W-6 Officers: Ian Ray, Chair - Dan Parfitt, Vice chair - Stephen Jones, Secretary

Friday, June 29, 2007

The meeting was called to order by Ian Ray at 8:32am PST.

Committee assignments: Committee assignments were made for the meeting as follows:

Officers (see above): Current Officers: Ian Ray (chair) - 1st year, Dan Parfitt (vice chair) - 1st year, Stephen Jones (secretary) - 1st year
Each of these terms are for 2 years

Resolutions committee: Robert Zemetra and Dan Parfitt


Minutes of 2007 annual meeting:

The meeting was called to order by Ian Ray at 8:32 am PST. The minutes from the 2006 TAC meeting at Ames, IA were reviewed.

Motion: Minutes of the 2006 TAC meeting were approved as submitted. (Moved by R. Zemetra, second by M. Brick). Motion passed unanimously by voice vote.

W6 Administrative Advisor's report - presented by Ralph Cavalieri: Dr. Cavalieri reported that funding for the WRPIS had been approved for 2007-08 at $365,000 the same value as the previous year. He mentioned that 80% of W-6 activities are funded by ARS and 20% by Hatch Multi-State funds approved by Ag Experiment Station directors. The Hatch money is not keeping pace and challenges are arising due to the flat funding. Salaries continue to increase and consume most of the available funding. State reps need to make value of work known especially to Experiment Station directors. Peter Bretting on phone said that genome researchers are now a major user of this material. Long discussion on state reports and value of them followed.

Action item: Ian and Steve J will draft new query letter for reports.

Western Regional PI Station report and budget request, Pullman, WA - Clair Coyne (see submitted report and website http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/PacWest/Pullman/ ): The budget of $380,423 was submitted previously to the committee for their consideration. Parfitt and Zemetra raised concerns on salaries eroding operating and suggested that salary savings from open positions should go to the program. As was the case in 2006 there was discussion that with more of the money going into mandated salary increases, maintenance funding would have to decrease, so less increase and related activities will have to be reduced.

At years end of 2006 the unit had 76,020 accessions of 582 genera and 2,781 species. During 2006 14,901 accessions were distributed. The majority, 65% went to researchers in the USA.

The 2008 budget was discussed again, prior to the vote for approval. Dan Parfitt reminded the committee of the need to plan for budget increases to keep up with inflation.

Motion: Shawn M. moved to approve the budget as presented. Bob Z. seconded. The motion to approve the budget was passed by a unanimous vote.

Business Meeting

Discussion on officers in place and next meeting site. Sites for 2008 and 2009 are HI and NM. Motion Mark B., second S. Jones. Passed unanimously.

Action item: Motion to work on letter to standardize responses. Bob Z. moved, Kevin J second, passed unanimously.

Committee recognized the excellent organizational skills, commitment and dedication of local organizing committee.

National Program Staff Report - The National Program report was presented by Dr. Peter Bretting (see attached report) NPGS website: http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/ . He introduced (on the phone) Gail Wisler as a new member of NPGS.

Some points:

National Germplasm Resources Lab - no report.

National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation, Fort Collins, CO - no report.

Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service - no report.

BLM - no report.

Forest Service - Vicky Erickson reported, see attached.

National Arid Land Plant Germplasm Resource Unit, Parlier, CA - The report is attached.

National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen, ID - The report is attached.

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR - The report is attached.

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA - The report is attached.

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Hilo, HI - The report is attached.

National Artic Plant Germplasm Resource Unit, Palmer AK - The report is attached.

National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Riverside, CA - The report is attached and at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/PacWest/Riverside/homepg1.htm ).

State reports:

Alaska - no report:

Arizona - no report:

California - presented by Dan Parfitt - see attached report.

Colorado - Report presented by Mark Brick - see attached. .

Idaho - presented by Robert Zemetra - see attached report.

Montana - presented by Jack Martin - see attached report.

New Mexico - presented by Ian Ray - see attached report.

Oregon  presented by Shawn Mehlenbacher - see attached report. .

Utah  presented by Kevin Jensen - see attached report.

Washington - presented by Stephen Jones - see attached report.

Wyoming - no report.

Hawaii - Reported by John Cho, see attached.

General comments concerning the state reports. Much discussion on improving response rate.

More Business

Three Resolutions

A motion to formally thank local organizing committee was adopted. Moved Jones, second Dan P, unanimous.

Motion to have S Jones and Ian R. in coordination with R. Cavalieri solicit feedback frown the W-6 state reps to develop a white paper to recommend procedures for the collection of information regarding germplasm use that would benefit the NPGS to improve visibility and tie to the directors if the Exp Stations. Moved Jones, second Dan P., unanimous.

A motion was raised that the Pullman site needs an uninterrupted power supply for the seed storage facility. Moved Jones, second Dan P., unanimous.

Motion: A motion to accept the three resolutions was presented by Dan Parfitt and seconded by Meg Gollunick. The motion was passed by unanimous voice vote.


The meeting was adjourned at 3:37 pm PST.

The file of the individual reports was too large to add at the end of the minutes or include as a file attachment. Please go the the Homepage of W-6 at http://lgu.umd.edu/lgu_v2/homepages/attachs.cfm?trackID=1096 in the Additional Documents section to view the available hard copies.

Accomplishments

In 2006, 22,041 seed lots/clones from 14,901 accessions were distributed: 14,412 (65%) USA requests and 7,629 (35%) were distributions to foreign countries. There were 740 orders filled made up of 543 different requestors. The main crop requested was grass (9106) then safflower (1628) then alfalfa, beans, peas and chickpea all around 2000-2500 packets per genera. 14,858 observation data points were entered in GRIN in 2006 on 5,896 accessions on 111 descriptors on 23 crops. Thirty-eight per cent of the data came from cooperators and the other sixty-two per cent came from personnel at our station. 2527 viability records were entered on 2314 inventories. 2028 were tested in Pullman and 499 came from NCGRP and the rest came from other sources. Of these 2527 fifty-five per cent were considered backlog inventories meaning they were over three years old. 803 inventories were sent to NCGRP for backup. 1913 inventories were package and stored from newly increased/harvested accessions. 6006 inventories were weighed and seed number calculated.<br /> <br /> Documentation of pea aphid outbreak cycles. Mild winters may lead to greater incidence of pea aphids the following spring. Analysis of pea aphid outbreaks over a 24 year period showed that spring outbreaks in pea nurseries and commercial fields in eastern Washington do not consistently follow mild winter temperatures. Thus, pea producers should not expect to consistently experience pea aphid - induced problems after mild winters. This long-term research is important because it demonstrates that widespread applications of toxic insecticides are not required every year to control pea aphids; regular aphid censuses are required to assess the potential for problems and to initiate timely control measures. <br /> <br /> Pathogenic fungi in garlic cloves. Garlic distributed commercially and by the National Plant Germplasm System have the potential to carry pathogenic fungi within the clove. Garlic bulbs from the US and China were tested for the presence of pathogenic fungi. Garlic from all eight sources tested were found to carry pathogenic fungi; fungicides with potential to control these fungi were identified. This is important because it provides a means to ameliorate the potential of distributing garlic contaminates with pathogenic fungi. <br /> <br /> Genetic diversity in safflower accessions identified. Safflower is a widely grown crop with untapped potential for edible and industrial oil production, yet nothing is known about the molecular diversity of germplasm collections. An AFLP-based study of diversity of safflower germplasm from the Americas, China, East Africa, Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, South Central Asia, and Southwest Asia, found that accession from all regions differed significantly in genetic distance. These results show that important geographic subgroups exist in safflower. This is important because it demonstrates that untapped diversity is available from different regions and that subpopulation structure should be considered in germplasm management and could aid in breeding efforts. <br /> <br /> Screening of Phaseolus collection for viruses. Viruses in bean accessions must be monitored to avoid distributing infested seed. The Phaseolus program used ELISA methods to test the core collection and other selected accessions for the presence of viruses. About 75% of the accessions produced in the Pullman program now have been tested. This testing is an important part of the bean curation program, needed to insure disease-free seed is distributed to customers. <br /> <br /> Seed regeneration of crop and wild species. The Pullman, WA Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research Unit has responsibility for the production and distribution of horticultural crop plants and related species. Regeneration plots were established and pollinators were provided as needed. High quality seed of 310 accessions, including crop species and wild relatives was produced. <br /> <br /> Bar-coding for greenhouse inventory efficiency. The Agronomy Regeneration Program of the Pullman, WA Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research Unit typically maintains 1,000-2,000 potted plants in the greenhouse for various reasons, including; clonal accessions maintained only in the greenhouse, plants that will be split and a part planted in the field, accessions grown for DNA sampling, and accessions needing taxonomic verification. It is difficult, and time consuming, to maintain an inventory list of all pots as actions are performed on them. The Agronomy Regeneration Program staff and the IT specialist worked together to implement bar code scanner technology with a customized Microsoft Access form file to easily record data. This technology will reduce the amount of time used to keep the inventory up-to-date thus allowing the Agronomy Curator to manage the program more efficiently. <br /> <br /> Derivation of a parametric mean and variance of Prevosti's Distance for population genetic distances analyses . A longstanding problem with genetic distance coefficients based on allele frequencies is that parametric statistical comparisons of population differences have not been possible. An algebraic derivation of the variance of Prevosti's Distance based on the variance of the allele frequencies rather than iterations of the distance values per se provides statistical means and variances, allowing population comparisons with associated p-values. This derivation was verified on several alfalfa accesssion using several types of molecular markers. Parametric distance analyses will enhance our knowledge of genetic diversity within and among accessions comprised of wild or synthetic populations. <br /> <br /> Construction and characterization of a pea BAC library. Genomic tools are playing an increasingly important role in basic plant science discovery for crop improvement. The aim here was to develop a genomic tool, a pea bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries that would enable the isolation of genes for allelic diversity analysis of the Pisum germplasm collection. The BAC libraries encompassed about 3.2 haploid genome equivalents. BAC plate-pool DNA successfully PCR amplified using seven of nine published pea resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and several other low copy number pea sequences. This HindIII BAC libraries of the pea, based on germplasm accession PI 269818, will be useful for the isolation of genes underlying disease resistance and other economic traits. <br /> <br /> Increased 350 accessions and completed germination tests on 400 accessions. Obtained digital images and uploaded into GRIN, 1100 images of seeds and flowers regenerated over the past 3 years. Distributed 228 seed packets of Lotus, representing 34 different species; 2236 seed packets of requests for Medicago, representing 30 different species, and 461requests for Trifolium, representing 26 different species. This accomplishment addresses the problem of effectively maintaining and charactering a large germplasm collection in order to enhance the use and conservation of these important genetic resources. This work was done at the National Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources Unit in Prosser, WA. <br />

Publications

Dugan, F.M., B.C. Hellier, and S.L. Lupien. 2007. Pathogenic fungi in garlic seed cloves from the United States and China, and efficacy of fungicides against pathogens in garlic germplasm in Washington State. Journal of Phytopathology. 155:437-45. <br /> <br /> Babcock, C., X. Chen, P.W. Crous, F.M. Dugan, B. Goates, and P.N. Green. 2007. Plant germplasm centers and microbial culture collections: A users guide to key genetic resources for plant pathology. Plant Dis. 91:476-484. <br /> <br /> Glawe, D.A. and F.M. Dugan. 2006. First report of Erysiphe (Uncinuliella) flexuosa in western North America. Pacific Northwest Fungi. 1(11):1-11. DOI 10.2509/pnwf.2006.001.011 <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. and D.A. Glawe. 2007. Powdery mildews on weeds in the Pacific Northwest: a miscellany of new records. Pacific Northwest Fungi. 2(1):1-7. DOI: 10.2509/pnwf.2007.002.001 <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Hyphomycetes. In: In: McGraw-Hill Book Company editor. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 780-782. <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Coelomycetes. In: In: McGraw-Hill Book Company editor. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 363-364. <br /> <br /> Clement, S.L. 2006. Pea Aphid Outbreaks and Virus Epidemics on Peas in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: Histories, Mysteries, and Challenges. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-1018-01-RV. <br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., L. Dajue, and V.L. Bradley. Autumn growth and its relationship to winter survival in diverse safflower germplasm. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 86:701¬-732.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., B.C. Hellier, L.R. Elberson, R.T. Staska, and M.A. Evans. 2007. Flies (Diptera: Muscidae, Calliphoridae) are efficient pollinators of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) in field cages. Journal of Economic Entomology. 100(1):131-135. <br /> <br /> Adair, R., R.C. Johnson, B.C. Hellier, and W. Kaiser. 2006. Collecting taper tip onion (allium acuminatum hook.) in the great basin using traditional and gis methods. Native Plant Journal. 7:141-148. <br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., T.J. Kisha, and M.A. Evans. 2007. Characterizing Safflower Germplasm with AFLP Molecular Markers. Crop Science. 47:1728-1736. <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Diseases and Disease Management in Seed Garlic: Problems and Prospects. The Americas Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology.1:47-51. <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Agonomycetes. In: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th edition. p.214-215 <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Blastomycetes. In: In: McGraw-Hill Book Company editor. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 154-155. <br /> <br /> Mimura, M., C.J. Coyne, M.W. Bambuck, and T.A. Lumpkin. 2006. Ssr diversity of vegetable soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-006-0006-4. <br />

Impact Statements

1. In 2006, 22,041 seed lots/clones from 14,901 accessions were distributed to plant scientists and plant breeders for crop improvement. 14,858 observation data points were entered in GRIN in 2006 on 5,896 accessions on 111 descriptors on 23 crops. 803 inventories were sent to NCGRP for security backup. 1913 inventories were package and stored from newly increased/harvested accessions.
2. Documentation of pea aphid outbreak cycles; this long-term research is important because it demonstrates that widespread applications of toxic insecticides are not required every year to control pea aphids.
3. Garlic bulbs from the US and China were tested for the presence of pathogenic fungi and were found to carry pathogenic fungi; fungicides with potential to control these fungi were identified. This is important because it provides a means to ameliorate the potential of distributing garlic contaminates with pathogenic fungi.
4. Safflower is a widely grown crop with untapped potential for edible and industrial oil production, and our molecular diversity of germplasm show that important geographic subgroups exist in safflower; demonstrating that untapped diversity is available from different regions and that subpopulation structure should be considered in germplasm management and could aid in breeding efforts.
5. Viruses in bean accessions must be monitored to avoid distributing infested seed. About 75% of the accessions produced in the Pullman program now have been tested. This testing is an important part of curation, to insure disease-free seed is distributed to customers.
6. The Agronomy Regeneration Program staff and the IT specialist worked together to implement bar code scanner technology with a customized Microsoft Access form file to easily record data from 1,000-2,000 potted plants in the greenhouse.
7. An algebraic derivation of the variance of Prevostis Distance based on the variance of the allele frequencies rather than iterations of the distance values per se provides statistical means and variances, allowing population comparisons with associated p-values. Parametric distance analyses will enhance our knowledge of genetic diversity within and among accessions comprised of wild or synthetic populations.
8. The aim here was to develop a genomic tool, a pea bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries that would enable the isolation of genes for allelic diversity analysis of the Pisum germplasm collection. This HindIII BAC libraries of the pea, based on germplasm accession PI 269818, will be useful for the isolation of genes underlying disease resistance and other economic traits.

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Report Information

Participants

Ian Ray, (iaray@nmsu.edu), New Mexico State University;
Jinguo Hu (jinguo.hu@ars.usda.gov) UDSA-ARS/Pullman, WA;
Kim Hummer (Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS/Corvallis, Oregon;
Bob Zemetra (rzemetra@uidaho.edu) University of Idaho;
Meg Gollnick (mvigil@wsu.edu) Washington State University - for Stephen Jones;
Jack Martin (jmmartin@montana.edu) Montana State University;
John Cho (choj@hawaii.edu) University of Hawaii;
Francis Zee (francis.zee@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS/Hilo, HI;
Richard Lee (Richard.Lee@ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS/Riverside, CA;
Dan Parfitt (deparfitt@usdavic.edu) University of California at Davis

Brief Summary of Minutes

W6 Technical Advisory Committee Meeting Minutes
June 24, 2008 - Hilo, Hawaii

Meeting start time - June 24, 2008, 8:29am

Attendees: Ian Ray, Jinguo Hu, Kim Hummer, Bob Zemetra, Meg Gollnick (for Stephen Jones), Jack Martin, John Cho, Francis Zee, Richard Lee, Dan Parfitt

Current W6 Officers:

• Ian Ray, Chair
• Dan Parfitt, Vice Chair
• Stephen Jones, Secretary

Opening remarks and welcome by Ian Ray - Chair: Dan Parfitt will be taking Ian Ray's place as chair for the next W6 Technical Advisory meeting. John Cho will be retiring to 40% starting October 1, 2008.

W6 Administrative Advisor's Report: Good News, The Western Director's approved the budget for the full amount, $386, 245. Proposed budget for 2010 is $389,463 and 2011 is $399,425. The Hatch multi-state funds will go to the various research stations.

Project Status: We have requested a 1-year extension because of the RL status. This is out of sink with the CRIS-ARS renewal. This must be completed by January 15, 2009. Ralph suggests a deadline of November 1, 2008 to have it written and sent out for comments/edits.

Farm Bill Changes (Tree fruit and grapevine funding) - Clean Plant Bill independent from the germplasm system. Perhaps there will be collaborations from scientist to scientist but no other connection with NPGS. No one has up-to-date information regarding these changes. Ralph Cavalieri will look into this and report back to the W6 Advisory Committee. Dan Parfitt asked about how this connects with the PI Station and W6? Ralph stated that germplasm collection would be the connection. Dan Parfitt also asked about when the Specialty Crop Research Initiative RFP call (White Paper) would come out for this. Ralph stated that July 1 would be the RFP date and that this would have a 100% matching component (salaries, benefits, Commodity group funds could be used for the matching). The maximum amount for proposal funding will be $5 million. Ralph also stated that there is another RFP coming down the line regarding Biomass/Biofuel feedstock.

Action Item: Ian Ray states that we need to move to accept the revised meeting minutes of the 2007 W6 Technical Advisory meeting. Will do so after Dr. Gonsalves' welcome.

Welcome by Dennis Gonsalves, PBARC Center Director: Dennis Gonsalves welcomed the W6 committee and gave an update on the PBARC station. His projection is to have 35 scientists housed in the building. The second building will be built in the near future. Everything will be consolidated here at PBARC with the University of Hawaii scientists as collaborators. The goal is to have a closer link between scientists and an exchange of students etc. New construction started to include offices, screen house, and head house. The target date of completion is in January. PBARC has funds for this now, $1.5 million.

PBARC focus is on doing good for Hawaii. Pineapple research, fruit fly research is on going and stakeholder workshops have been held to discuss the goals of PBARC. PBARC will be recruiting two new scientists: 1) Crop Improvement using modern techniques - (ornamentals) biotech and molecular breeding. 2) Nematode - Plant Pathologist position. Hawaii grows 80% GMO papaya. GMO Taro is the next step. Micronesia Taro crop is being devastated at this time. Hawaiians are showing some resistance to GMO Taro.

Action Item: Bob Zemetra moves to accept the 2007 meeting minutes pending friendly amendments. Dan Parfitt seconded it.

Ian Ray thanked Francis Zee for hosting this year's meeting.

Action Item: Ian Ray stated that we will combine Resolutions and Elections later in the business meeting. Bob Zemetra self nominated himself to be Secretary. The chair will be Dan Parfitt, vice chair is Stephen Jones. Dan Parfitt moved to accept the elections and John Cho seconded it. Kim Hummer and Bob Zemetra volunteer to be the resolution committee.

Western Regional PI Report and Budget Request: Dr. Jinguo Hu introduced himself as the new RL for the Western Regional PI Station. The W6 project has an increase in funds to $386,245. This number is the average of 2009, 2010 and 2011 budgets. This will compensate staff salaries and summer timeslip students. Dan Parfitt asked about how they will address the budget pitfalls. He suggests comparing # of orders to other regional stations to justify budget. Kim Hummer suggests giving reports and discuss budget issues after we hear about other programs budget issues. Kim Hummer also asks if they will be refilling the Parlier position. Jinguo Hu states it is in the process and that they will fill this position eventually.

John Cho has comment for resolution committee regarding solar power for facilities, germplasm labs should become greener. Jinguo Hu states that WRPIS follows the established Environmental Management System (EMS) policy to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency and WSU pays most of WRPIS's utilities.

Action item: Bob Zemetra moves to approve the 2010 budget at $389,463, seconded by Jack Martin.

Germplasm Resources Program Report (PGRC): Kim Hummer discussed the Global Consortium of Genetic Research Conservation. Bill Gates has given 32 billion to the Global Crop Diversity Trust to help preserve genetic diversity research and collection. There has been a standard material transfer agreement devised - an exchange of material with the CG center within GRIN. There were originally 64 crops (annex crops) exchanged but now other genetic resources are footnoted. This applies to all genetic resources. This will be done via the internet when you place an order within the GRIN system. GRIN is considered the primo database in the world. They want to establish GRIN Global (all databases together), one common system for the world. GRIN Global will be more user friendly and there will be some exciting activities regarding database management. GRIN received a grant to work with European databases as well. GRIN GLOBAL will manage all data associated with accessions. International access to genetic resources is exciting news.
The Svalbart Gene Bank is now open, Kerry Fowler is overseeing the management of this operation.

Steve Smith, head of Pioneer is looking into Seed preservation and possibly reinstating a lobbyist for seed trade.

The PGOC is recruiting for a new director and have opened it up to international applications.

Annual report for the NCGR will be uploaded to the website and available to all.

• National Arid Land Plant Germplasm Resource Unit
  
• National Temperate Forage Legume Genetic Resources Unit
  
• National Small Grains Collection Report
  
• Clonal Repository Reports

Francis Zee reported on the Tropical Plant Genetic Resource Management Unit. There main focus is Ginger, Lychee, Blueberry and Papaya. Report will be available via the website.

Richard Lee, Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Date Palms. Report will be available via website.

Business Meeting:

• Business (Elections, Meeting site and time for 2009/2010)
  Discussion of a possible biennial meeting or teleconference meeting. Teleconference one year and original meeting the following year.
  
  
• Action item: Bob Zemetra moves to go to biennial meeting with the off year being a teleconference. The teleconference year agenda would include budget, National Program Reports and State Reports. Jack Martin seconded it. Dan Parfitt abstained. Ian Ray will speak with Ralph Cavalieri to make sure this is within the guidelines. Discussion ensues to have the back-up site for next year be Davis, CA. Jack Martin movies to have Davis as the back-up site and Bob Zemetra seconds it.

  
  2009 - Teleconference

  
  2010 - National Meeting
  
  

• Project Renewal: Jinguo Hu will compile the document and everyone will work on the objectives and send in publications. Discussion over content of document. Jinguo Hu will contact Ralph Cavalieri to ask questions about this.
  
  
  
• Resolutions:
  
  1. Be it resolved that the W6 Technical committee sincerely thanks Dr. Francis Zee and his staff at the Tropical Plant Genetic Resource Management Unit for hosting the 2008 W6 Technical committee meeting.
  
  2. The W6 technical committee is concerned with the flat level of federal base funding that has led to critically low operating funds for the W6 Plant Introduction Station and the clonal repositories in the western US. With current and multi-year projected funding levels the units are either below or will be below the minimal discretionary funding level per SY as set by ARS jeopardizing maintenance of these critical national treasures. Given the current situation with the International Treaties concerning germplasm and germplasm exchange, adequate funding of the germplasm system is imperative for maintenance of current collections to prevent loss of potentially critical germplasm to protect the food security of the United States.
  
  Be it resolved that the W6 Technical Committee advocates increasing the level of federal base funding of all units of the national plant germplasm system to ensure adequate funding to pursue its mission of collection, maintenance, documentation, distribution, and evaluation.
  
  
• New Business: None

To view individual state reports, click on the "Copy of Minutes" link below.

Also, to view a PowerPoint presentation from the Riverside,CA organization as well as reports from other years, go to: http://www.ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htm?docid=7240#

Accomplishments

1. Endophytes are microbes that reside in internal tissues of plants without causing observable negative effects. It has been documented that Neotyphodium fungi may confer certain benefits to the grasses including increased resistance to pests and diseases and to some environmental stresses such as drought, mineral stress and soil aluminum or acidity. In the last few years, commercial endophytic turf grasses have bred and become widely available. Temperate grass collections at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS) are important sources of Neotyphodium endophyte strains for the commercial development of new grass-endophyte associations by public and private sector scientists in the U.S. and abroad. WRPIS Research Entomologist, Dr. Stephen Clement, demonstrated that, through a 3-year research project, diverse endophyte strains have been preserved in regenerated seed of multiple tall fescue accessions stored for prolonged periods of time in the WRPIS seed bank. The potential impact of this research is expanded development of new grass cultivars harboring Neotyphodium strains that do not produce alkaloid toxins that adversely affect grazing cattle and sheep but still produce the necessary metabolites for insect resistance and other ecological benefits.<p><br /> <br /> 2. Safflower is a member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae) and is grown as an oil crop. Safflower oil is used for cooking and in salad dressings and margarine. Safflower seedcake, the byproduct after oil expressing, is a premium livestock feed for its high protein content. Safflower seeds are also marketed directed as birdseed. Since safflower has fairly high drought resistance and salt tolerance, the cultivation of safflower is widespread in dry areas of the southwestern United States, such as in California and Arizona. In many semi-arid regions a winter annual broadleaf is needed in a rotation system with wheat. WRPIS Research Agronomist, Dr. Richard Johnson, released three winter hardy safflower lines that could address that need. Fall planted safflower develops earlier has higher yield potential than spring planted safflower. Winter-hardy safflower varieties derived from the three newly released germplasm lines should offer farmers a number of benefits such as the option of fall plantings, winter ground cover, rotation with other crops like wheat, better weed control, improved water-use efficiency, and higher seed yields than spring-planted safflower crops.<p><br /> <br /> 3. High rubber content is found in the fleshy root of the perennial Russian dandelion, Taraxacum kok-sagyz, native to Kazakhstan. WRPIS Horticultural Curator, Dr. Barbara Hellier, participated in a successful collection trip in 2008 to Kazakhstan and brought in seed and root pieces from about 20 populations. These will be used in research and breeding programs to fulfill the federal mandate for the development of a domestic source of natural rubber.<p><br /> <br /> 4. Legume production, particularly of dry pea, has increased dramatically in the northern tier states of North Dakota and Montana. Fusarium root rot is a devastating disease of both vegetable and dry pea production in the USA, especially in summer rainfall areas. WRPIS Research Geneticist, Dr. Clarice Coyne, together with others released to the public three new pea germplasms (W6 26740, W6 26743 and W6 26745) with improved agronomic qualities and high levels of resistance to Fusarium root rot for immediate use by breeders for cultivar improvement.<p><br /> <br /> 5. Pathogens in germplasm constitute a threat to germplasm health, whereas symbionts constitute opportunities to augment germplasm value. Our results for taxonomy and nomenclature of Alternaria and Cladosporium greatly advanced basic understanding of these exceedingly numerous, cosmopolitan and ubiquitous seed-associated pathogens and saprophytes. Correctly identifying these microorganisms will form the base for developing proper strategies in germplasm management. <br />

Publications

Babcock, C., X. Chen, P.W. Crous, F.M. Dugan, B. Goates, and P.N. Green. 2007. Plant germplasm centers and microbial culture collections: a user's guide to key genetic resources for plant pathology. Plant Disease 91: 476-484.<br /> <br /> Bragg, D.E, K. Tetrick and P. Murphy. 2007. Cereal Leaf Beetle Management with Seed Treatment Insecticides.. In:D.Bragg and J.D. Francesco (Eds.). Proc. PNWIMC 2007, 66, pp 55-56. PNWIMC, Portland OR. PNWIMC/OSU.<br /> <br /> Bragg, D.E. K. Tetrick and P. Murphy. 2007. Wire Worm Management in Spring Wheat - Bayer.. In: D. Bragg and J.D. Francesco (Eds.). Proc. PNWIMC 2007 , 66, pp 27-28. PNWIMC, Portland OR.<br /> <br /> Bragg, D.E. K. Tetrick and P. Murphy. 2007. Preliminary Research on Cereal Leaf Beetle Economic Thresholds.. In: D. Bragg and J.D. Francesco (Eds.), Proc. PNWIMC 2007, 66, pp 56-57. PNWIMC, Portland OR.<br /> <br /> Bragg, D.E. K. Tetrick and P. Murphy. 2007. Wire Worm Management in Spring Wheat-Valent. In: D. Bragg andJ.D. Francesco (Eds.), Proc. PMWIMC 2007 , 66, pp 25-26. PNWIMC, Portland OR. <br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., Elberson, L.R., Waldron, B.L. and Quisenberry, S.S. Variable performance of bird cherry-oat aphid on Neotyphodium-infected tall fescue from Tunsia. Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses (A.J. Popay, E.R. Thom, eds.), pp. 337-340). New Zealand Grassland Association, Dunedin. 2007. (Proceedings Chapter). <br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., Elberson, L.R. and Kynaston, M. High Neotyphodium infection frequencies in tillers and seed of infected tall fescue plants. Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses (A.J. Popay, E.R. Thom, eds.), pp. 49-52. New Zealand Grassland Association, Dunedin. 2007. (Proceedings Chapter).<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., Hellier, B.C., Elberson, L.R., Staska, R.T. and Evans, M.A. Flies (Diptera: Muscidae, Calliphoridae) are efficient pollinators of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) in field cages. J. Econ. Entomol. 100:131-135. 2007.<br /> <br /> Clement, S.L., Hellier, B.C., Elberson, L.R., Bradley, V. and Johnson, R.C. Insect pollination in the regeneration of germplasm at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. pp. 62-63. Proc. 9th International Pollination Symposium on Plant-Pollinator Relationships - Diversity in Action. (Gardner, C.A.C. et al., eds.). Iowa State University, Ames, IA. 2007. (invited talk). <br /> <br /> Coyne C.J., M.T. McClendon, J. Walling, G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan, S. Murray, K. Meksem, D.A Lightfoot, J. L. Shultz, K.E. Keller R.R Martin., D.A Inglis., P.N. Rajesh, K.E. McPhee, N.F. Weeden, M.A. Grusak, C.-M. Li and E.W. Storlie. 2007. Construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome library for pea (Pisum sativum L.). Genome 50:871-875.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Diseases and disease management in seed garlic: problems and prospects. Americas Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 1: 47-51. <br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Agonomycetes, pp. 214-215 in: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th ed., vol. 1, McGraw-Hill, New York.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Blastomycetes, pp. 154-155 in: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th ed., vol. 3, McGraw-Hill, New York.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Coelomycetes, pp. 363-364, in: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th ed., vol. 4, McGraw-Hill, New York.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M. 2007. Hyphomycetes, pp. 780-782, in: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 10th ed., vol. 8, McGraw-Hill, New York.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., and B.G. Rector. 2007. Mycoflora of seed of common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) in Washington State. Pacific Northwest Fungi 2(6): 1-10. doi: 10.2509/pnwf.2007.002.006.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., and D.A. Glawe. 2007. Powdery Mildews on Weeds in the Pacific Northwest: A Miscellany of New Records. Pacific Northwest Fungi 2(1):1-7. doi: 10.2509/pnwf.2007.002.001.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., and G. Newcombe. 2007. New records for powdery mildews and Taphrina species in Idaho and Washington. Pacific Northwest Fungi 2(8): 1-5, doi:10.2509/pnwf.2007.002.008.<br /> <br /> Dugan, F.M., B.C. Hellier and S.L. Lupien. 2007. Pathogenic fungi in garlic seed cloves from the United States and China, and efficacy of fungicides against pathogens in garlic germplasm in Washington State. Journal of Phytopathology 155: 437-45.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L. 2007. User-friendly gis: helpful tools for crop development. In: Janick, J. and A. Whipkey (eds.). Issues in New Crops and New Uses-Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium Creating Markets for Economic Development of New Crops and New Uses. 2007. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA p. 19-22.<br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., Bell, A.B. 2007. Alternatives to Honeybees for Pollinating Clover (Trifolium L.) Germplasm Accessions. In: Proceedings 9th International Pollination Symposium on Plant-Pollinator Relationships - Diversity in Action. p. 64-65. <br /> <br /> Greene, S.L., Minoura, T., Steiner, J.J., Pentecost, C.G. 2007. Webgrms: prototype software for web-based mapping of biological collections. Biodiversity and Conservation Journal 16:2611-2625.<br /> <br /> Han, Y., Zhang, G., Sledge, M.K., Greene, S.L., Coyne, C.J., Monteros, M. 2007. Evaluation of genetic diversity, population structure and identification of a Medicago truncatula core collection using SSR markers. Abstract 278-3. Agronomy Abstracts. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. <br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C. T.J. Kisha, and M.A. Evans. 2007. Characterizing Safflower Germplasm with AFLP Molecular Markers. Crop Sci. 47: 1728-1736.<br /> <br /> Johnson, R.C., B. C. Hellier, T. J. Kisha. Collection, conservation, and seed zones for Tapertip onion (Allium acuminatum Hook.). In Jeff Norcini (ed) Proceedings, Native Wildflower Seed Production Research Symposium, 19-20 July 2007, Leu Gardens, Orlando, Florida (In press)<br /> <br /> Johnson, RC, AA. Hopkins, and MA Evans. 2007. Carbon isotope discrimination and forage production of tall fescue in contrasting environments. Accepted by Crop Science 11/20/2007.<br /> <br /> Johnson, RC, and Dajue Li. 2007. Fall growth, selection, water relations and membrane leakage in winter safflower. Submitted to Crop Science 12/21/2007.<br /> <br /> Johnson, RC, and Dajue Li. Registration of WSRC01, WSRC02, and WSRC03 winter hardy safflower germplasm. Accepted in Crop Science 12/2007.<br /> <br /> Johnston, W.J., R.C. Johnson, C.T. Golob, M.C. Nelson, K. Paré, and K.L. Dobson. 2007. Development of Kentucky bluegrass for non-burn seed production. P. 57-60 In Proceedings of the Sixth International Herbage Seed Conference, Gjennestad, Norway, 18-20 June 2007.<br /> <br /> Mimura M, C.J. Coyne MW Bambuck and TA Lumpkin. 2007. SSR diversity of vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Crop Evolution and Genetic Resources 54:497-508.<br /> <br /> Redden R.J., B.J. Furman, H.D. Upadhyaya, R.P.S. Pundir, C.L.L. Gowda, C.J. Coyne and D. Enneking. 2007. Biodiversity Management in Chickpea, p. 355-368. In: R. Redden, W. Chen, B. Sharma, Y. Yadav (eds.). Chickpea Breeding and Management. CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, UK. <br /> <br /> Redden B., N. Maxted, B. Furman, C. Coyne. 2007. Lens Biodiversity, p. 11-22. In: S.S. Yadav, D. McNeil, P.C.Stevenson (eds). Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times. Springer, New York.<br /> <br /> Sharma, H., Gowda, C., Stevenson, P,C., Ridsdill-Smith, T.J., Clement, S.L, Ranga Rao, G., Romies, J., Miles, M., and El-Bouhssini, M. Host plant resistance and insect pest management in chickpea. pp. 527-544. In: Yadav, S.S., Redden, B., Chen, W. and Sharma, B. (eds.). Chickpea Breeding and Management. CAB International, UK. 2007. (Book Chapter).<br /> <br /> Tadych, M., M. Bergen, F.M. Dugan and J.F. White, Jr. 2007. The potential role of water in spread of conidia of the Neotyphodium endophyte of Poa ampla. Mycological Research 111: 466-472.<br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. During the past year, we have increased the number of accessions of the assigned plant species in our collection. Three successful collection trips to four countries by the WRPIS scientists brought back approximately 2,000 accessions of edible legume, grasses and potential industrial plants. As of August 2, 2008, the total holdings reached 79,014 accessions belonging to 2,700 plant species.
2. The plant research community continued to show significant interest in using WRPIS germplasm in the past year. We shipped out a total of 21,532 seed packets to 564 requesters worldwide, with 12592(58%) packets in the USA and 8940(42%) packets to foreign countries. Grasses were the most requested group (9488 packets) followed by beans, peas and alfalfa (between 1000 to 2000 packets for each crop).
3. Phenotypic data and molecular genotype data add value to the accessions in the collection and promote the use of the germplasm. In FY 2008, we contributed to the GRIN database 35,763 observation records for 151 descriptors of 21 crops. Six percent of these data points were from our collaborators.
4. We completed seed increase for 2833 accessions from a broad range of plant species. A small proportion of our bean collection had low germination percentage due to many years in the storage or poor seed quality of the original seed sources. Through testing various medium reported in the literature, we have identified one promising medium which substantially improved the germination percentage.
5. Our molecular lab genotyped the pea core collection with microsatellite markers at 20 loci, analyzed the population structure of 96 bulked Indian ricegrass field samples with AFLP markers and assessed the population diversity of the Taper-tip onion collection. We also completed an AFLP analysis of eight populations of smooth brome and initiated the development of procedures to identify duplicate accession in the cool-season grass collection.
6. WRPIS Research Agronomist, Dr. Richard Johnson selected 55 promising populations of blue wildrye grass collected in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington as the genetic resources of key native species for revegetation on public lands.
7. WRPIS Plant Pathologist, Dr. Frank Dugan, in collaboration with others, delineated phylogenetic relationships within seed-associated pathogens, the Alternaria infectoria complex; clarified nomenclature for 750+ species in the genus Cladosporium. Two of Dr. Dugan&lsquo;s books were on the APS Press&lsquo; top best sellers lists ("Identification of the Fungi: An Illustrated Introduction with Keys, Glossary, and Guide to Literature" was number 9 and "Fungi in the Ancient World" was number 2).
8. WRPIS Entomologist, Dr. Stephen Clement, completed a study on the inheritance of pea weevil resistance in interspecific crosses. The project increased our knowledge of the pea weevil resistance and will generate useful breeding material for pea improvement.

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Report Information

Participants

Committee members present:

;
Ralph Cavalieri - Administrative Advisor, Washington State Univ.;
Dan Parfitt - California - new chair,;
Mark Brick - Colorado;
Ian Ray - New Mexico - previous chair;
Shawn Muhlenbacher - Oregon;
Jack Martin - Montana ;
Bonnie Furman - Alaska

;

Committee members absent:

;
Robin Groose - Wyoming;
Stephen Jones - Washington - vice chair;
Kevin Jensen - Utah;
John Cho - Hawaii;
Dennis Ray - Arizona

;

Guests:

;
Anne Marie Thro - CSREES, Washington DC;
Peter Bretting - NPS, NPGS, Washington DC;
Andrew Hammond - USDA, ARS Western Region;
Jinguo Hu - W6;
Dave Stout - W6;
Steve Clement - W6;
Frank Dugan - W6;
Vicki Bradley - W6;
Harold Bockelman - National Small grains collection;
Kim Hummer - NCGR, Corvallis;
Joseph Postman - NCGR Corvallis;
Francis Zee - NCGR, Hilo;
Malli Aradhya - NCGR, Davis;
Richard Lee - NCGR, Riverside;

Brief Summary of Minutes

W-6 Regional TAC meeting - June 19th, 2009
Meeting started at 8:25 am

The meeting was conducted as a telephone/video conference. Some conferees used video connections, organized through the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station and the rest of the participants were connected by phone.


Review of 2008 minutes

Motion to approve minutes with minor modifications - Ian Ray
Seconded - Bob Zemetra

Minutes were approved by unanimous vote

Motion - Bob Zemetra nomination to be Secretary - Shawn Muhlenbacher
Seconded - Ian Ray

Motion approved by unanimous vote

Resolution committee

Kim Hummer and Shawn Muhlenbacher

- Organization resolution
- National Clean Plant Network
- Resolution 2 was successful
- Resolution 3 repeat? Advocate increasing base funding for all NPGS stations

Directors Report and Budget - Ralph Cavalieri

Hope experiment on teleconference works due to western state budget issues this year.

Status of W-6 project - new project submitted and accepted June 16th. Duration of the new project is from October 1, 2009 to September 30, 2014.

Need to file annual report within 60 days (Dan, Bob and Jinguo). Need to emphasize impact in report.

Budget request ($395,660) that was approved last year was approved by Western State Agriculture Experiment Directors at level requested.

Report from National Program - Peter Bretting, Ann Marie Thro, Andrew Hammond

Highlights from submitted report:

Personnel changes,
- Allan Brown going to NCSU so Parlier position open but search is occurring
- Palmer Alaska position is filled (see report)
- Davis position in open but advertised
- Parlier position search has closed

Site developments
- System shipped 10,000 accessions to Norway storage unit
- Starting to transform GRIN to GRIN-Global through collaborative funding, will reach half way point in process this month


Budget
- FY09 budget restored cuts from Bush administration, additional funds to some stations from stimulus funds to improve existing structures, some is going to Riverside
- FY10 budget submitted to Congress, mark-up by House last week showed a small increase for ARS (3 million dollars).
- Budgets for western regional sites were increased due to internal budget reallocation (Davis and Pullman). Funds came from other ARS projects to germplasm programs.

New Administration priorities
- Nutrition
- Specialty crops
- Global food security
- Climate change
- Livestock diseases and plant pathogens
- Change in CREES to National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA)

National Programs
- Review cycle
- Next review cycle starts 2011

National Plant Germplasm Coordinating Committee
- Key issue, emphasize importance of germplasm system - targeting Ag Experiment Stations - Lee Somers rep from Western Region, Dan Upchurch - New Mexico
- Meets annually, last year in Fort Collins, CO and will be meeting in Beltsville MD this June

International Germplasm Exchange
- FAO International Treaty still in Senate review (submitted last year), might hold hearings this summer or fall. Signed by Bush 2002
- International exchange and benefits regime on biodiversity, writing of agreement has started. U.S. is not part of the program
- Key for businesses dealing with germplasm is that there be a set of accepted rules for utilization of germplasm that they can follow and not run afoul of rule variability from country to country

Report from CREES Ann Marie Thro

Highlights of Powerpoint presentation:

News from REE Mission Area
- New undersecretary - Rajiv Shah
- New REEO - Catherine Parks (Forest Service)
News from CSREES
- New institute - no new director yet (presidential appointment)  starts Oct. 1, 2009
- New grant program AFRI

President's budget no increase in Hatch or AFRI, Research areas that were increasing or stable include: organic (increasing), biomass (increasing), specialty crops (stable)

Increases for small businesses (sustainable agriculture)
Education - Challenge grants

W-6 Hatch funds showed increase in 2007 but major increase due to no earmarks that year

Important to communicate work especially with this administration
- CRIS reports
- Important to code for genetic resources and plant breeding KA 202 plus additional codes to fully describe work

Cite Hatch funds when citing support, not just citing Agricultural Experiment Station

Discussion occurred on how to cite Hatch and problems with grants.gov.

Area Director Pacific West Area ARS Andrew Hammond

- Partnership between ARS and Experiment Stations
- ARS redirected some funds to Pullman $250,000 and $90,000 to Davis
- Closing date on Davis position - July 6th

Break - 9:50

Harold Bockelman - Aberdeen

- 135,000 samples in collection - still growing
- Distributed 56,000 samples - 703 requests June 2008 to June 2009
- Increase in number of requests from non-researchers
- 30% go to researchers outside of U.S.
- Contributed large samples to Norway seed vault (18,000 samples)
- Effort to respond to UG99 stem rust - coordinating large Kenya screening nursery
- Working on GRIN-Global - funding from Global Crop Diversity Trust

Kim Hummer - Corvallis

Highlights of submitted report:

- Record number of requests over the last four years
- Increased 150% this year
- Increase in number of requests from non-researchers
- At limit of ability to handle requests
- Number of accessions are increasing (ex. 150 new hop accessions)
- Funding and staffing are increasingly challenging (flat line of funding = reduced staffing)
- Accomplishments (check first page of report)
- Received two SCRI grants
- Joseph Postman - National Clean Plant Network - new program to preserve small fruit and grape germplasm (20 million dollars - 5 million per year, first year funded but remaining 3 years may be lost)
- Excellent outreach events

Malli Aradhya - Davis report

Highlights of submitted report:

- Dozen genera in collection
- Grape phenotyping and genotyping 1300
- Germplasm collection on walnut and other species
- Genotyping walnut collection - develop juvenile selection method (SNP's)
- Uploaded large amount of data into GRIN
- Work on olive, genotyping and established a new block of olive germplasm
- Screening of wild walnut germplasm for disease resistance
- Molecular fingerprinting Prunus species (dozen micro-satellites)
- Field days held on fig, pomegranate and persimmons
- The Research Leader position has been vacant since April 2008 and Dr. Daniel Kluepfel (RL of the Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, ARS Davis, CA) has been serving as acting RL/Curator since April 2008. The RL position has been advertized as a category 1 scientist position with a closing date of July 6, 2009.
- The management responsibility for Parlier was added to Davis in October 2008
- The recruitment for the Parlier curator is underway
- Funding for the Davis program has been static. A $90,000 increase was approved in 2009 to support the new research leader.
- Facilities are currently full (greenhouse, screen house and field)
- New security system has been installed
- All field collections are now under irrigation
- Accession increase shown on pages 4 and 5
- Has put an emphasis on phenotyping

Francis Zee - Hilo report

Highlights of submitted report:

- Work has been progressing at the station
- PBARC site is progressing, adding 3 new scientists (pathologist, entomologist and molecular geneticist)
- In process of regenerating collection (program nearing 20 years)
- Cacoa and Avocado collections being established, avocado using root stocks and will serve as a back-up for Miami
- Working on developing cooperative agreement with China
- Medicinal herbal collection potentially available from China
- SCRI grant with Corvallis and UH on Ohelo berry

Bonnie Furman - Alaska report

Highlights of submitted report:

- Seed collection not well organized and had poor germination (40% non-viable) with 20% possibly had dormancy issues
- Issues with seed handling have been corrected - 85 accessions now available
- Clonal collections in better shape (rhubarb)
- Low number of requests

Jinguo Hu - W-6 Pullman

Highlights of submitted report:

- As of May 29, 2009, there were 80,914 accessions comprising 797 genera, 3,642 species (3,970 taxa) in the WRPIS collection
- Distributions increased to a record high number of 28,592 seed packets (17,740 accessions) to 730 requesters in 983 seed orders. Among them, 17,433 (61%) packets were sent to addresses in the USA and 11,159 (39%) packets to foreign countries
- 30,194 observation data points of 161 descriptors of 21 crops on 5,457 accessions were entered into GRIN in 2008. Ninety-eight percent of the data came from personnel at our station and the remaining two percent came from our cooperators
- Three international collection trips were conducted and 1,136 new inventories were acquired
- 852 seed inventories were shipped to the NCGRP, Ford Collins, Colorado and 2,343 inventories were sent to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Longyearbyen, Svalbard for secured backup

Richard Lee- Riverside

Highlights of submitted report:

- Powerpoint presentation (similar to written report)
- Adding a support technician, and a new administrative assistant
- Collection of collections
- 1,100 accessions - most diverse collection in the world
- Protected collection in screen house - 425 accessions
- Date palm collection, Brawley site coming to end of its usefulness
- 564 distributions in 2008, lower than 2007 but 2009 already above 2008 numbers
- Adding information to GRIN
- Doing survey for HLB - Murraya paniculata plant carries disease (greening disease) spread by cyllid

Discussion on how to address number of non-research and foreign requests overloading the system. Ideas included limiting number of requests, adding a handling charge, though some people who do make requests cover some of the shipping costs. The NPGS can't, by rule, assess a charge on filling germplasm request. So is it a question concerning the balance of research verses service? Rate of shipment could be slowed or prioritized?

W-6 Budget

Proposed FY 11 funding increase (about $9,600), is this feasible with the current budget situation?
Will federal funds be increased as proposed in budget for FY-11?

Motion to approve FY 11 W-6 budget request - S. Mulhenbacher
Second - Ian Ray
Vote - unanimous

State Reports

California - Dan Parfitt
(See start report for specific information)
162 requesters - similar to previous years
Responses - about 15%
See report - Concerns about funding to maintain clonal collections

Colorado - Mark Brick
(See start report for specific information)
- 724 accessions - 29 individuals slight decrease over previous year

Hawaii - John Cho - no report, he has retired and has requested that the Experiment Station Director appoint a new representative.

Idaho - Bob Zemetra
(See start report for specific information)
- 7,487 accessions were requested covering 57 genera and 109 species an increase in accessions, genera and species over the previous year
- Requests came from 31 individuals with 14 being from the public sector and 17 from the private sector
- The species with the largest request was Triticum aestivum
- The most requested crop species mirrored the predominant crops in the state, barley, wheat, sugarbeets, dry beans and potatoes

Montana - Jack Martin
(See start report for specific information)
- 969 accessions/13 individuals  9 associated with Montana State University/ARS
- Mostly wheat and oats
- Wheat for vernalization gene research
- Oat core collection - looking at resistance to sawfly in oats
- Wheat isolines for puroindoline gene research
- Corn - for disease research, foliar diseases and transgenics

New Mexico - Ian Ray
(See start report for specific information)
- 216 accessions - 11 individuals (70% associated with breeding companies)
- Primary requests peanuts and cotton
- Chili pepper research - disease resistance and extended shelf life
- Biofuel crops - amaranth
- Seeds of Change company - organic ag market
- See report

Oregon - Shawn Muhlenbacher
(See start report for specific information)
- Material requests are from plant breeders
- White mold in beans, anthrocyanin production in tomatoes  J. Myers
- Hazelnut program has released a few cultivars and pollenizers (resistance to Eastern Filbert blight)
- See report

Utah - Kevin Jensen
- See report (not present)

Washington - Stephen Jones
- See report (not present)
- 155 orders  received 27 responses (20%)
- 19 of the responses from WSU

Wyoming - Robin Groose
- No report

Old Business

Future Meeting Locations:
- Geneva, New York August 16th - August 23th, 2010
- Motion to accept the invitation by NE Region PI station to host a joint meeting of the 4 regional projects - moved by S. Muhlenbacher
- Second - B. Zemetra
- Discussion - can we have a teleconference from Geneva for the Western Region meeting? For the members that cannot attend the meeting in person?
- Resolution passed unanimously
-
-- 2011 meeting in Pullman, WA in July, 2011
- Motion by Bob Zemetra
- Second  Mark Brick
- Passed unanimously

Resolutions -

1st resolution - The W-6 Technical Committee thanks Jinguo Hu, and the W-6 staff, including Jannis Bacani, Gwen Pentecost, and Dave Tibbals for organizing, coordinating and providing technical-support for the first W-6 annual meeting as a video/teleconference.

Move to accept the first resolution - R. Zemetra
Seconded - S. Mulhenbacher
Passed unanimously

2nd resolution - Be it resolved that the W6 Technical Committee advocates increasing the level of federal base funding of all units of the National Plant Germplasm system to ensure adequate funding to pursue its obligations of distribution and maintenance of plant germplasm.

Moved - Ian Ray
Seconded - Jack Martin
Passed unanimously

3rd resolution - Whereas clonal germplasm conservation is a critical component of the U.S. National Clean Plant Network, and pathogen tested germplasm enhances the security and productivity of U.S. nurseries and fruit producers, the W-6 Technical Advisory Committee encourages continued funding for this important multi-agency USDA program which benefits our National Plant Germplasm System as well as its stakeholders

Moved - Ian Ray
Seconded - R. Zemetra
Passed unanimously

Discussion centered on whether the Clean Plant Networks activities fell within the purview of the W-6 Technical Committee. Dr. Parfitt had significant reservations concerning this point, noting that the Clean Plant Network is not part of the National Plant Germplasm System and is funded through several channels, separate from NPGS.

New Business - none

- Ian Ray suggested that it would be useful to survey the meeting participants on their observations re: the video/teleconference.
- Dave Stout will prepare a template for solicitation for information from germplasm program users.

Motion to adjourn
Moved - M. Brick
Seconded - S. Mulhenbacher
Passed unanimously

Meeting adjourned at 3:40 pm

To view the complete state reports submitted for this meeting: Go to the W-006 Homepage at: http://nimss.umd.edu/homepages/attachs.cfm?trackID=11296

Accomplishments

1. The first winter hardy safflower lines were released by WRPIS Research Agronomist, Dr. Richard Johnson. These are potentially useful in many semi-arid regions as a winter annual broadleaf, which is critically needed in wheat rotations. We demonstrated the winter safflower production yield advantage at several dryland locations. The observed yield advantage of fall sowing winter type safflower were 66%, 48% and 83% over the spring sowing safflower in Pendleton OR, Pullman, WA and Central Ferry, WA, respectively. Most of the yield increase came from the development of additional seeds/head in fall sown winter types.<br /> <br /> 2. Working with scientists from the USDA-ARS, Washington State University, and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in India, WRPIS Research entomologist Stephen Clement developed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with an insect-resistant wild chickpea accession and an insect susceptible accession from the WRPIS chickpea collection. Preliminary experimental data revealed that beet armyworm larval fed on selected RIL showed significant differences in body weights and mortality. In 2008, we completed this three-year, USAID funded research project and the developed insect-resistant chickpea germplasm and the RIL population were transferred to ICRISAT for expanded evaluation throughout India and other countries.<br /> <br /> 3. Ascochyta blight is a devastating disease and causes heavy yield losses of chickpea crops. The common practice of controlling this disease is by foliar fungicide applications that may not prove cost-effective. In collaboration with researchers in Washington State University and the ARS Grain Legume Genetics Research Unit, Pullman, WA, WRPIS Research Plant Pathologist, Frank Dugan, demonstrated biological control of Ascochyta blight of chickpea can be achieved by the application of a common, soil- and leaf-inhabiting fungus to post-harvest debris of the previous season. This biological control method offers an environmental-friendly approach for mitigating Ascochyta blight damage.<br /> <br /> 4. Identification and documentation of pathogens are important for the development of concomitant disease management strategies. WRPIS Research Plant Pathologist, Frank Dugan, in collaboration with university and other ARS researchers, demonstrated that powdery mildew pathogens infecting legumes in the Northwest belong to at least three species, not just one species as formerly assumed. This finding has strong implications for breeding for resistance to powdery mildew disease since resistant genes to each of the three pathogen species may be required to achieve high levels of resistance.<br /> <br /> 5. WRPIS Research Geneticist, Jinguo Hu, in collaboration with our cool season food legume curator Clare Coyne and Professor Bill Pan at Washington State University, identified several faba bean accessions with high levels of winter hardiness. The initial experiment was a field experiment at two sites (Pullman and Central Ferry, WA). Hardy accessions survived through a harsh winter and have the potential to be developed into an alternative winter cover crop for the northwest wheat production region.<br />

Publications

Impact Statements

1. 1. During 2009, WRPIS scientists successfully acquired 1,136 new accessions of various species for our collection. As of August 2, 2009, the total holdings reached 80,860 accessions belonging to 3,642 species (3,970 taxa) in 797 genera. These genetic resources are needed to ensure the continued availability of genetic resources for crop improvement through breeding as well as in plant genomics research
2. 2. A record high of 28,592 seed packets (17,740 accessions) were distributed to 730 requesters in 983 seed orders last year. Among them, 17,433 (61%) packets were sent to addresses in the USA and 11,159 (39%) packets to foreign countries, indicating significant use of our germplasm in the global plant research community.
3. 3. We contributed 30,194 observation records for 161 descriptors of 21 priority crops to the Genetic Resources Information Network (GRIN) database in FY 2009. Ninety-eight percent of the data came from personnel at our station and the remaining two percent came from our cooperators. These data added value to the accessions in the collection and will promote the use of the germplasm.
4. 4. We completed seed regeneration or increase for 1,136 accessions from a broad range of plant species. We resumed testing and eradicating different viruses in our food legume crops. This included testing for Bean Common Mosaic Virus in beans and Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in other cool season food legumes. These steps continue to maintain the health of our collection and to supply our customers with clean seed samples.
5. 5. The WRPIS molecular lab assessed genetic diversity and relationships among 29 Brachypodium accessions maintained in Pullman by using DNA markers. Brachypodium has emerged as a model plant for grass functional genomics. WRPIS has shipped a total of 1,247 seed packets B. distachyon to 124 research groups in 19 countries. Functional genes discovered in this model plant will have immediate applications to the genetic improvement of food (wheat) and energy (switchgrass) crops.
6. 6. WRPIS Research Agronomist, Dr. Richard Johnson, demonstrated that winter type safflowers have better yield potential over spring type safflowers in three experimental locations. The observed yield advantages of fall sowing winter type safflower were 66%, 48% and 83% over the spring sowing safflower in Pendleton OR, Pullman, WA and Central Ferry, WA, respectively.
7. 7. WRPIS Plant Pathologist, Dr. Frank Dugan, documented viruses present in the NPGS garlic collection, and identified resistance to a bulb rot disease of garlic. Further collaboration resulted in overturning the conventional wisdom regarding powdery mildew infection of cool season legumes by documentation of two new powdery mildew pathogens in lentil, pea, and chickpea in the Palouse region (Pacific Northwest). These species were not previously documented on these hosts, or were not known in the region.
8. 8. WRPIS Entomologist, Dr. Stephen Clement, identified chickpea germplasm with a high level of resistance to pod borer and transferred the germplasm to breeders for new chickpea cultivar development in the U.S. and India. Incorporating the genes conferring insect resistance into one or more cultivars would reduce the amount of toxic insecticides used in chickpea production.

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