NC_old1030: Sustainable Families, Firms and Communities in Times of Change

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[12/16/2016] [01/29/2018] [01/29/2018] [12/10/2018] [12/09/2019] [11/29/2020]

Date of Annual Report: 12/16/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/17/2016 - 10/19/2016
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2015 - 09/30/2016

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attached file for NC1030's 2016 annual report.

Minutes Attachment:

NC 1030 Annual Meeting Report 2016-For Submission to NIMSS Website.pdf

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 01/29/2018

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/10/2017 - 10/13/2017
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2016 - 09/30/2017

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attached file for NC1030's 2017 annual report.

Minutes Attachment:

NC 1030 Annual Meeting Report 2017-For Submission to NIMM Website (FINAL).docx

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 01/29/2018

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/10/2017 - 10/13/2017
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2016 - 09/30/2017

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

NC 1030 Annual Meeting Report 2017-For Submission to NIMM Website (FINAL).docx

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 12/10/2018

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/10/2018 - 10/12/2018
Period the Report Covers: 12/31/2017 - 12/01/2018

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attached file for NC1030's annual 2018 report.

Minutes Attachment:

NC1030 Multistate Annual Report_2017-2018.pdf

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 12/09/2019

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/10/2019 - 10/11/2019
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2018 - 09/30/2019

Participants

Zuiker, Virginia (University of Minnesota); Marshall, Maria I. (Purdue University); Jasper, Cynthia R. (University of Wisconsin); Masuo, Diane M. (University of Hawaii); Haynes, George W. (Montana State University); Valdivia Corinne, (University of Missouri); Lee, Yoon G. (Utah State University); Niehm, Linda (Iowa State University); Manikowske, Linda (North Dakota State University); LeHew, Melody L. A. (Kansas State University); Jorgensen, Jennifer Jonson (University of Nebraska-Lincoln); Sydnor, Sandra (Purdue University); Wiatt, Renee (Purdue University); Advisor: Wilcox, Michael D. (Purdue University)

Participants Attachment:

NC-1030 Full_Report_2018_19_Dec9.pdf

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

NC-1030MeetingMinutes.doc

Accomplishments

Accomplishments   We met virtually as a team every other month to strengthen collaborative relationships, and through this mechanism contributed to the development of the Small and Family Businesses Values Survey that Dr. Marshall was developing. Every other month, the NC1030 research team met virtually to discuss their research agenda. These meetings informed the research team of current and upcoming research projects.   A subcommittee was created last year with interested members to study the impact of technology on small family businesses. This committee met via video conference multiple times in 2018 and 2019 to determine if a manuscript could be developed from the 2016 Wave 4 data. The committee determined there was not enough data to work with the data set. This group collaborated with Dr. Marshall on the Small and Family Values Survey to develop a 10-item scale to be included in the on-line survey in April 2019. A plan is underway to use the data resulting from this survey to develop a manuscript related to technology and social media use by small businesses responding to the survey.    Another group of NC1030 research team members collaborated during the annual meeting with Marshall and Wiatt to identify the questions that are the focus of our research for this year.   Data analysis and manuscript development are underway with NC 1030 team members on an initial methods paper regarding family business sustainability in times of economic change. This work utilizes wave 4 findings from the National Family Business Panel Data (NFBPD). A second paper with NC 1030 team members is under development from the NFBPD wave 4 data regarding entrepreneurial and innovative strategies used by family-owned businesses in relation to conditions of economic change.  New research collaborations were initiated with NC 1030 team members concerning technology and social media use by small family-owned firms for business growth and sustainability. Panel data from NFBPD will allow for longitudinal research of family business survival over time, and in particular during recessionary periods. Findings from the three noted papers will provide valuable insight for researchers and family business assistance providers. The NFBPD will also provide preliminary data for a larger planned external grant on family business survival factors and also inform policy decisions.   NC1030 researchers from Hawaii, Nebraska, Utah and North Dakota, completed an article accepted for presentation at the USASBE Interdisciplinary & Experiential Entrepreneurship Education 2020 Conference. The competitive research paper addresses the role of owner and community involvement on business success in small family businesses. This presentation will reach a variety of audiences, which include entrepreneurship educators, researchers, program leaders, center directors, as well as policymakers.   Dr. George Haynes was invited to develop a critical review of the literature and state of the art for the Journal of Family and Economic Issues. Haynes is well respected in the field and this group is particularly well situated to contribute to the review because of the nature of NC1030’s focus. Working with the NC1030 research team, tasks were identified to develop an invited manuscript for the Journal of Family and Economic Issues as a critical review of the family business literature that has been published over the last decade.  Members from NC 1030 will collaborate in this effort.   Dr. Masuo and co-author James Tamayose completed an article scheduled for publication in the October issue of the Purdue Initiative for Family Firms Newsletter. The reviewed article, The Emotional Side of Succession Planning in Family Farm Businesses, raises awareness of the importance of considering the emotional aspects of succession planning, given the dynamic nature of business owners’ feeling about retiring and passing on their farm businesses, and the more complex nature of intergenerational land and business transfers that are inherent in farm businesses. Dr. Virginia Solis Zuiker, in collaboration with the University of Minnesota researchers Dr. Hye-Young Kim and Alanna Norton (graduate student) completed an article accepted for presentation at the 2019 American Collegiate Retailing Association conference. The competitive paper examines consumer motivations to attend farmers markets in Minnesota using the concept of embeddedness building on the works by Feagan and Morris (2009). This presentation reached a variety of audiences, which included educators and researchers from business schools, liberal arts, economics, human ecology, textiles, design, and apparel.   Data collection was completed in 2018 for a study of small quilt shops in North Dakota and Minnesota. Analysis of the data will continue in the coming year to understand how the entrepreneurial savvy of these business owners contributes to business success.  The findings of this study will advance knowledge and shape educational programming and may be disseminated via workshops, classroom instruction of apparel/ retail merchandising students, conference presentations, and journal publications.  Identification of a model will stimulate future research and identify effective outreach opportunities.  Sharing findings will help communities and family businesses increase resilience and achieve their goals.  Sharing knowledge with undergraduate students may encourage their own interest in pursuing entrepreneurial opportunities as an opportunity exists to work with a new Entrepreneurship Center created at NDSU.    Marshall and Valdivia collaborated in a proposal on Rural Small Businesses Recovery and Resilience to Natural Hazards focusing on Women and Minority-Owned Small Businesses that has been funded by AFRI USDA to conduct research for the next three years. Marshall and Valdivia collaborated in the development of a proposal for AFRI NIFA that was successful and will support research to understand the strategies of small minority and women businesses in recovering from disasters. The research integrates past findings from research on perceptions of risk and feelings of dread of extreme events impacting the livelihoods of families.   Maria Marshall and Renee Wiatt developed a survey titled The Small Business Values Survey for small business owners and collected data in April 2019. Three peer-reviewed publications were published. NC 1030 members worked at the annual meeting to identify research papers that they will collaborate on during 2019-2010.   Dr. Marshall continues to provide resources that include the Purdue Institute for Family Business (PIFB formerly PIFF) quarterly newsletter, and extension publications, research articles focused on four core areas: strategic planning, estate and financial planning, succession planning, and maintaining family bonds. Nine workshops were conducted that focused on succession planning in farm and non-farm family businesses. Extension educators from the Purdue Succession Planning Team were trained on conflict modes using the TKI assessment. A new signature program for Extension educators was developed titled: Family Business Management 101.

Publications

Publications   Armstrong, C. M., & LeHew, M. L. A. (2018). Shifting the Dominant Social Paradigm in the apparel industry: Acknowledging the pink elephant. In K. A. Miller-Spillman, A. Reilly, & P. Hunt-Hurst (eds.) The Meaning of Dress (4th edition). Carriere, D. M.I. Marshall, and J. Binkley. 2019. Response to Economic Shock: Impacts of Recession on Rural-Urban Suicides in the United States. Journal of Rural Health, 35(2):253-261. Fiore, A. M., Hurst, J. L., Niehm, L. S., Chung, T. L., Karpova, E., Sadachar, A., & Testa, D. S. (2018). Global and entrepreneurial perspectives for enhancing retailing education: Development of a hybrid graduate course focused on US and Indian small businesses. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 18(3), 11-25. Haynes, G. W., Danes, S., Schrank, H., & Lee, Y. (2019).  Survival and Success of Family-Owned Small Businesses after Hurricane Katrina: Impact of Disaster Assistance and Adaptive Capacity,  Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12245">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12245</a> Hiller Connell, K. Y., & LeHew, M. L. A. (2020). Fashion: An unrecognized contributor to climate change (Chapter 6). In E. Karpova and S. Marcketti (eds.) The Dangers of Fashion: Towards Ethical and Sustainable Solutions. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Johnson Jorgensen, J., & Ha, Y. (2019).  The Influence of Electronic Word-Of-Mouth via Social Networking Sites on the Socialization of College-Aged Consumers.  Journal of Interactive Advertising. Johnson Jorgensen, J., & Sorensen, K. (In Press).  Acceptance of Virtual Reality When Browsing for Apparel.  International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing. Li, W. and M.I. Marshall. Gender and Business Owner Satisfaction: The Case of Farm and Non-Farm Family Businesses in the Midwest. Accepted 2019. Journal of Family Business Management December 2018. Manikowske, L., Lee, J., & Park, K. (2019). Use of social media by small fashion retailers and their customer engagement. International Journal of Costume and Fashion, 19(1), 51-68. Son, J., Niehm, L.S., Russell, D., & Lee, J. (2019, April). Assessing the social media use and needs of small rural retailers: Implications for extension program support. Journal of Extension, 57(2), 2RIB2.            Sorensen, K., & Johnson Jorgensen, J. (2019).  Millennial Perceptions of Fast Fashion and Second-Hand Clothing: An Exploration of Clothing Preferences Using Q Methodology.  Social Sciences, 8(244), 1-13. Tang, R., Hurst, J., Niehm, L.S., Fiore, A.M., Dore, A., & Jablon-Roberts, S. (2019). Re-conceptualizing the hierarchical service quality model: The case of agritourism events. Journal of Event Management. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3727/152599519X15506259856435">https://doi.org/10.3727/152599519X15506259856435 </a> Torres, A.B., M.I. Marshall, and S. Sydnor. 2019. Does Social Capital Pay Off? The Case of Small Business Resilience after Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Crisis and Contingencies Management, 27(2): 168-181. Valdivia, C. and Yager, K. (2019). Adapting to Climate Change in the Andes: changing landscapes and livelihood strategies in the Altiplano. Chapter 41 In Cupples, J., M. Palomino-Schalscha and M. Prieto (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Latin American Development. Routledge International. Pp. 480-499. ISBN:1138060739. Yager, K., C. Valdivia, D. Slayback, E. Jimenez, R. I. Meneses, M. Brach, D. Romero, A. Romero, A. Palabral, A. Hubbard, P. Pacheco, A. Calle, A. Humber, G. Zeballos, O. Yana, D. Ulloa.  (2019). Socio-ecological dimensions of Andean pastoral landscape change: bridging traditional ecological knowledge and satellite image analysis in Sajama National Park, Bolivia. Regional Environmental Change. 19(5): 1353–1369 Zimbroff, A., & Johnson Jorgensen, J. (In Press).  A Subjective Assessment of Young Adult Attitudes toward Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.  International Journal of Entrepreneurship.   Peer Reviewed Extension Publications Masuo, D. & Tamayose, J. (2019). The Emotional Side of Succession Planning in Family Farm Businesses. Purdue Initiative for Family Firms Newsletter. October. (Objective 3) Wiatt, R. and M. Marshall. (2019). “Small Business Recovery Following a Natural Disaster?”. Purdue Agricultural Economics Report, June 2019, 14-15. <a href="https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/Documents/PAER%20June%202019_FINAL.pdf">https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/Documents/PAER%20June%202019_FINAL.pdf</a>. Wiatt, R. (2019). “Creating a Culture of Collaboration in Family Businesses”. Indiana Nursery & Landscape News, January/February 2019, 13-14. Available at: <a href="https://issuu.com/inlanews/docs/inla_janfeb2019_issuu?e=1826740/66793183">https://issuu.com/inlanews/docs/inla_janfeb2019_issuu?e=1826740/66793183</a>.   <a href="https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/fambiz/Pages/newsletters.aspx">Purdue Institute for Family Business</a> Quarterly Newsletter Articles <ol> <li>Sustainability: Some tips on protecting your business from a natural disasterby Holly Schrank, Anna Josephson, and Maria I. Marshall, 2018.</li> <li>More people, more problems? Governance in family business by Maria I. Marshall, 2018.</li> <li>All family businesses need some type of governance by Maria I. Marshall, 2019</li> <li>Power of attorney: Why do you need one? By Renee Wiatt, 2019.</li> <li>Does insurance aid in small business recovery following a natural disaster? By Renee Wiatt and Maria I. Marshall, 2019.</li> </ol>   Databases Marshall, M. I. and Wiatt, R. (2019). Small Business Values Survey [data file and codebook]. Purdue Institute for Family Business, Purdue University. Unpublished data.    Manuscripts Submitted/ In Review/Under Revision   Edobor, E.W. and M.I. Marshall. (submitted August 2019) Earth, Wind, Water, Fire, and Man: How Disasters Impact Firm Births in the United States. Natural Hazards. Figueroa-Armijos, M. and C. Valdivia (in review) “Entrepreneurship as a Sustainable Livelihood Strategy: The Role of Acculturation for Latinos in Rural Communities in the U.S.” Change and Development. Jorgensen, J. and Sorensen, K. (in review).  Negative e-WOM Resulting from Political Posts on Social Media: A Case Study of a Small Retailer’s Crisis. Johnson Jorgensen, J., and Sorensen, K. (In Review).  Visual Communication Strategies of Urban and Rural Boutiques on Social Networking Sites. Jorgensen, J., Masuo, D., Manikowske, L., and Lee, Y. (2019).  Owner and community involvement and business success in small family-owned businesses.  Competitive Research Paper submitted to United States Association of Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) Conference Marshall, M.I. and H. Schrank. (submitted April 2019) Sink or Swim? Impacts of Owner’s Post-Katrina Management Strategies on Small Business Survival and Recovery. JSBM. McDonald, T.M. and M.I. Marshall. (submitted Sept. 2019) The Effect of Adaptation and Mitigation for Small Businesses Impacted by Hurricane Katrina. IJDRR. Niehm, L.S., Hurst, J.L., Fiore, A.M., Son, J., and Sadachar, A. (in review).Where the rubber meets the road:  Small business operators’ innovative marketing strategies and their relationship to business success. Journal of Small Business Strategy. Under review. <h2>Norton, A., Kim, H-Y., and Zuiker, V. S. (submitted June 2019). Consumer embeddedness and motivations for farmers market patronage: A qualitative exploration in Minnesota, USA. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management</h2> Son, J. and Niehm, L.S. (in review) Social media and entrepreneurial marketing (EM) in changing rural environments. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Sorensen, K., & Johnson Jorgensen, J. (in review).  “Hey Alexa, Let’s Shop”: Millennials’ Acceptance of Voice-Activated Shopping. Valdivia, C., A. Morales, O. Rojas Perez and Lisa Y. Flores. (revising) Subjective Well-Being among Latina/o Immigrants in New Settlement Communities. Submitted to Journal of Latina/o Psychology. Valdivia, C., A. Payen, A., and L. Y. Flores. (in preparation/revising) Individual and contextual factors explaining Latino entrepreneurship in Rural Communities of the Midwest. Wiatt, R.D., Lee,Y., Marshall, M.I., and Zuiker, V. The Effect of Cash Flow Problems and Resource Intermingling on Business Recovery and Resilience after a Natural Disaster. Will submit to Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management at the end of October. Zimbroff, A., and Johnson Jorgensen, J. (in review).  An Assessment of Regional Entrepreneurship Ecosystems in Queensland, Australia Using a Mixed Methods Approach.   Refereed Presentations Carpenter, C., Dudensing, R., Loveridge, S., Niehm, L.S., and McKinney, S. (2018).  Community Opportunity Matching: Mining Big Data for Decision Making in Business Development. Research presentation at the Annual International Conference of the Community Development Society (CDS), July 22-25, 2018, Detroit, MI. Diddi, S., and LeHew, M. L. A. (2018, November). Establishing research action networks to address challenges in a changing marketplace. [Special Topic Session]. Proceedings of the International Textile and Apparel Association. Online publication pending. Fiore, A.M., Hurst, J.L., Niehm, L.S., Chung, Doreen (Telin), Sadachar, A., Pookulangara, S., Armstrong, C., and Testa, D. (2018). Addressing opportunities and challenges for retail entrepreneurship in the US and India: Innovative learning modules for a synchronous online graduate course. Research presentation at the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) Annual Conference, January 10-14, Hollywood, CA. Haynes, G.W., Lee, Y., Marshall, M., Niehm, L., and Musser, K. (2019). Community capital and small firm success after a natural disaster. Paper was presented at the 2019 American Council on Consumer Interests (ACCI) Annual Conference, Arlington, VA. (Objectives #1 & #2) Haynes, G.W., Lee, Y., Marshall, M., Niehm, L.S., and Musser, K. (2019). Community Capital and Small Firm Success after a Natural Disaster. Paper presented at the 2019 American Council on Consumer Interests Annual Conference. Arlington, VA, May 21-23, 2019. Jorgensen, J.J., Masuo, D., Manikowske, L., and Lee, Y. (2020). Owner and Community Involvement and Business Success in Small Family-Owned Businesses. USASBE 2020, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 3-7, 2020. Kim, H-Y., Norton, A., and Zuiker, V. S. (2019). Consumer embeddedness and motivations for farmers market patronage: A qualitative study. American Collegiate Retailing Association, Tucson, AZ, April 4-6, 2019. Niehm, L.S. and Thorsson, P. (2019) Is There a “Best” Amount of Planning? A Discussion and Research Review. (2019). Research presentation at the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) Annual Conference, Saint Petersburg, FL, January 24-27, 2019. Niehm, L.S., McKinney, S., Bakhshian, S., Hurst, J., Chung, T., Fiore, A.M., and Tang, L. (2018)Challenges, opportunities, and business needs in the changing retail environment: Assisting underserved retail entrepreneurs through business networks. (2018). Research presentation at the 75th Annual International Textiles & Apparel Association (ITAA) Conference Cleveland, Ohio, November 7-10, 2018.      Niehm, L.S., McKinney, S., Carpenter, C., Dudensing, R., and Loveridge, S. (2019). Using Big Data for Rural Decision Making and Economic Development: Opportunity Matching for Small Businesses and Communities. Research presentation at the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) Annual Conference, Saint Petersburg, FL, January 24-27, 2019. Patwary, S. and LeHew, M. L. A. (2019, July). Dissemination of textile and apparel environmental information on facebook. Poster presented at Sustainability in Fashion: Regent’s University and ITAA Joint Conference, London, UK Patwary, S. U., and LeHew, M. L. A. (2018, November). Consumers’ knowledge gain of environmental sustainability issues pertaining to textile and apparel industry through social networking site engagement. [Abstract]. Proceedings of the International Textile and Apparel Association. Online publication pending. Rodriguez-Alcalá, M., S. Jeanetta and C. Valdivia. (2019). A Growing and Underreported Trend —A Growing Population — Hispanic Farmers in the Midwest.  C-FARE Fall Webinar Series. September 24. Washington, DC. (invited) Saha, K. and LeHew, M. L. A. (2019, July). A shift from fossil fuel to renewable energy in the fashion industry: A potential sustainability solutions? Poster presented at the Sustainability in Fashion: Regent’s University and ITAA Joint Conference, London, UK Tan, H. and Niehm, L.S. (2018).  Latino Bi-Cultural Entrepreneurs’ Business Integration in Iowa Communities. Research presentation for the 13th Annual Cambio de Colores Conference, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, June 6-8, 2018. Tan, H. and Niehm, L.S. Latino retail entrepreneurs' contributions to community and economic development in Iowa: A community leader perspective. (2018). Research presentation at the 75th Annual International Textiles & Apparel Association (ITAA) Conference Cleveland, Ohio, November 7-10, 2018.      Valdivia, C., K. Yager, S. Rojas, A. Romero and K. Bedregal. (2019). Sayañas, Peatlands, and the Sajama National Park: Climate Change Adaptation in the Bolivian Andes. Session 1G. Governing Mountain Commons: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability in Contexts of Change. In Defense of the Commons: Challenges, Innovation and Action. 17th Global Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons. July 1-5, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima Peru. Valdivia, C., S. Rojas, K. Yager, and B. Bekee. (2019). Landscapes, Livelihoods and Resilience in the Context of Climate Change in the Bolivian Altiplano. Presented in track Session: Strategies to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change in Latin America. Annual Conference of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. July 23, Atlanta, GA. Wiatt, R., M.I. Marshall and R. Musselman. “Management and Ownership Transfer: The Case of Mid-Western Family Businesses”. Selected Paper Presented at: 2019 Small Business Institute Conference, Spring 2019. Conference Proceedings, 43(1), 52-68. Available at: <a href="http://smallbusinessinstitute.biz/resources/Documents/Proceedings/2019%20SBI%20Conference%20FinalProceedings%202-11-2019%20v1%5B59759%5D.pdf">http://smallbusinessinstitute.biz/resources/Documents/Proceedings/2019%20SBI%20Conference%20FinalProceedings%202-11-2019%20v1%5B59759%5D.pdf</a>. Wiatt, R.D., and M.I. Marshall. “Culture of Collaboration and Profit in Family Businesses”. 2019. AAEA Meeting, Atlanta, GA. July 2019.   Outreach Presentations <ol> <li>Marshall: January 10, 2019: From Conflict to Resolution, Green Expo, Indianapolis, IN</li> <li>Marshall: January 11, 2019: From Conflict to Resolution (Spanish), Green Expo, Indianapolis, IN</li> <li>Wiatt: January 24, 2019: Power of Attorney and Building Your Team, Succession Planning Workshop, Hancock County, Greenfield, IN</li> <li>Marshall and R. Wiatt: February 12, 2019: Succession Planning and Empowerment of the Next Generation, Horticultural Congress, Indianapolis, IN</li> <li>Marshall: February 20, 2019: Starting Your Own Ag Related Business, Women in Ag Conference, Plymouth, IN</li> <li>Wiatt: March 4, 2019: Power of Attorney and Building Your Team, Succession Planning Workshop, Benton County, Fowler, IN</li> <li>Wiatt: March 13, 2019: Contingency Planning and Getting the Best Resolution Out of Conflict, Annie’s Project, Purdue Extension – Jasper County, Wolcott, Indiana</li> <li>Wiatt and M. Marshall: May 15, 2019: Using the Thomas Kilmann Method to Reach a Resolution in Conflict, Succession Planning Team Annual Retreat, West Lafayette IN</li> <li>Wiatt: August 6, 2019: Succession Planning for Farm and Family Businesses, Copacol Cooperative Group from South Brazil, Exelencia Copacol Series, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN</li> </ol>   Abstracts of Journal Articles from collaborative work with NC1030 members.   The impact of business ownership motives and goals on success in immigrant-owned family businesses. Abstract. While the long-term economic and cultural contributions made by immigrants throughout the American history have been well documented, few empirical studies have provided information on how more recent immigrant family business owners are successful in the United States. Two large groups of immigrant small-business owners are Mexican and Korean immigrants. Mexican and Korean immigrant business owners in the U.S. might have different business ownership motives and goals that influence their business success. Employing data from the 2003–2005 National Minority Business Owners Surveys (NMBOS), this study explored the effect of business ownership motives and family goals on business success and family life satisfaction among immigrant Mexican and Korean business owners. The findings of this study indicate that Mexican immigrant family business owners reported higher levels of family life satisfaction as compared to Korean family business owners, while most of the business ownership motives are quite similar. Implications of research findings for immigrant family business researchers, practitioners, and policy makers are discussed along with future research agenda.

Impact Statements

Expected Outcomes and Impacts By working collaboratively with the NC1030 research team, it is anticipated that more research productivity will be accomplished that will inform professionals and policy makers working with family business owners and small business owners. Findings from the Farmer’s Market patronage presentation suggest that both social and spatial embeddedness values influenced Farmer’s Market patronage, which was similar to Feagan and Morris (2009) study in Canada. Additionally, money and convenience were also important factors in determining the frequency of visiting a Farmer’s Market as a market to shop. Four research topics were pursued and accomplished during this period. The first research topic used data from the 2003-2005 National Minority Business Owners Surveys (NMBOS). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of business-ownership motives and family goals on business success and family life satisfaction among immigrant Mexican and Korean business owners. The findings of this study indicate that Mexican immigrant family business owners reported higher levels of family life satisfaction as compared to Korean family business owners while most of the business-ownership motives were quite similar. This study concludes that business motives, family tension, satisfaction with community support, and owners’ human capital and business characteristics were important predictors of being successful business owners among Mexican and Korean immigrant business owners. The publication from this study can be found in Management Issue – Problemy Zarzqdzania during this period. The second research topic examined the relationship between community capital and small firm success after Hurricane Katrina. The main research question was “to what extent does individual community capital and aggregate community capital influence small firm success after a natural disaster”. The results indicate that the effects of both individual and aggregate community capital were statistically significant in predicting firm success after a natural disaster. Specifically, the individual community capital (familiarity of neighbors, friends, and emotional attachment to the community) was positively associated with the perceived business success among the owners. The findings suggest that as firm owners perceived their community strong, they had higher levels of perceived business success. The results also show that business owners’ racial background, sole business ownerships, and older businesses decreased the level of perceived firm success, whereas business size increased the levels of perceived success. The findings were presented at the 2019 American Council on Consumer Interests (ACCI) Annual Conference. The third research topic utilized data from the fourth wave of data collected for the National Family Business Survey (NFBS). Data for the NFBS was originally collected in 1997, 2000, and 2007, National Family Business Panel. The fourth wave of data collected in 2016 was the final round of a longitudinal study that followed a cohort of family businesses that continued to operate over a 20-year period. Using the data from the 2016 NFBS, we attempted to examine how the level of owner involvement in the community (high involvement versus low involvement) and community involvement in local businesses (high involvement versus low involvement) influenced perceived business success and goal achievement in long-standing family businesses. The findings suggest that the more a family business is involved in the community, the greater perceived success the business has achieved. When seeking a profit, business owners also tend to be more involved in the community than owners not seeking a profit. This paper is titled, “Owner and Community Involvement and Business Success in Small Family-Owned Business,” has been accepted for presentation in the Competitive Research Papers Track at the 2020 Annual Meeting of the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) which will be taking place January in New Orleans, Louisiana. The fourth research topic used data from the 2013 and 2015 Small Business Survival and Demise after a Natural Disaster Project (SBSD). The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of cash flow problems and financial intermingling between the family and the business systems on small business recovery and resilience after a natural disaster. The results of the probit regression show that cash flow problems before the disaster and financial intermingling between the business and the family have no influence on small business survival in the short-run. However, cash flow problems and financial intermingling do have an effect on small business resilience after Hurricane Katrina. Business and owner conditions pre-Katrina had an influence on business survival whereas owner characteristics affected business resilience. We completed the manuscript and plan to submit this paper to Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management at the end of October. Based on the research completed with NC-1030 members, it has been determined that family businesses that are more involved with their communities tend to foster highly-involved communities that reciprocate support and resources. Results from this study also help guide entrepreneurship education, as it has been determined that strategies for being socially responsible to the community are important for entrepreneurs and the communities in which they serve. Data collection was completed in 2018 for a study of small quilt shops in North Dakota and Minnesota. Analysis of the data will continue in the coming year to understand how the entrepreneurial savvy of these business owners contributes to business success. The findings of this study will advance knowledge and shape educational programming and may be disseminated via workshops, classroom instruction of apparel/ retail merchandising students, conference presentations, and journal publications. Identification of a model will stimulate future research and identify effective outreach opportunities. Sharing findings will help communities and family businesses increase resilience and achieve their goals. Sharing knowledge with undergraduate students may encourage their own interest in pursuing entrepreneurial opportunities as an opportunity exists to work with a new Entrepreneurship Center created at NDSU. The findings from the first research about Mexican and Korean immigrants can inform researchers and practitioners (i.e., educators, family professionals, and consultants), as well as government policy makers, on the factors associated with being a successful immigrant business owner from the perspective of entry motivation, family life satisfaction, and business success. Based on this study, the more successful immigrant family business owners become, in both business and family dynamics, the larger their collective economic and social contribution to businesses, community, and society can be expected. The findings from the research about Katrina and small business success can provide insights for business consultants, community or organizational leaders, and policy makers to recognize the association between community capital, community leadership, and community unity to business success in the coastal area. This study supports the importance of community strength and its impact on business success after a natural disaster. It is also important for business owners to be aware that communities without businesses” or “businesses without communities” don’t exist. The Katrina study informs policy by suggesting that perceptions of strong community and communities pulling together positively impact the perceived success of small business owners. Community Capital and Small Firm Success after a Natural Disaster. Using data from the 2013 Small Business Survival and Demise after a Natural Disaster (SBSD) project, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between community capital and small firm success after Hurricane Katrina. Specifically, this study examined to what extent individual and aggregate community capitals influence small firm success after a natural disaster. The two main research questions are: 1) Did individual’s (owner’s) community capital affect small firm success after Hurricane Katrina? 2) Did aggregate community capital influence small firm success after Hurricane Katrina? Firm success was measured by the level of perceived success by firm owners. This research shows that perceptions of strong community and communities pulling together positively impacted firm perceived success. In regards to research from the fourth wave (2016), since our sample focused on long-standing family businesses, it became clear that success is tied to the level of business owners’ community involvement. This study supports that business owners’ involvement in the community helps to build social capital and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Family business owners in this study stated that they were willing to help other businesses in their community. Based on the findings of this study, it is clear how important future research on understanding community involvement on business success is. The findings of this research can be used by business and entrepreneurship professionals, as the interactions and relationships between a community and its family businesses can be crucial in growing and sustaining a family business. The findings from the study using the 2013 and 2015 Small Business Survival and Demise after a Natural Disaster Project (SBSD) shows that cash flow problems and financial intermingling have differing effects on recovery and resilience in small businesses following a natural disaster. Recovery is a short-term state measured by a business operating (versus being closed). This research makes a contribution to the literature by examining how the influences of cash flow problems and financial intermingling have different effects on short-term recovery and long-term sustainability after a natural disaster. While financial intermingling is not advised for any business venture, this research specifically supports the impact of financial intermingling after a natural disaster. If businesses are expected to be prepared and able to support their business during a period of recovery and resiliency without financial intermingling, they can be expected to be more successful and sustainable in the long-run. Grants Submitted/ In Review/ Awarded USDA-NIFA-AFRI: Rural Small Business Recovery and Resilience to Natural Hazards: A Focus on Women and Minority Owned Small Businesses, (6/2019-5/2022), $499,999.84, PI and Project Director, Co-PIs: B. Katare (Purdue) and C. Valdivia (University of Missouri). North Central Extension Risk Management Education.: Farming Together: Enhancing Your Worth as a Farm Business Partner. (2019-2020). $41,628. Nees, J., Heckaman, K., Schroeder, D., Held, N., Mason, L., and Wiatt, R.

Date of Annual Report: 11/29/2020

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/01/2020 - 10/02/2020
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2019 - 10/01/2020

Participants

Masuo, Diane M. (University of Hawaii); Niehm, Linda (Iowa State University); LeHew, Melody L. A. (Kansas State University); Zuiker, Virginia (University of Minnesota); Valdivia Corinne, (University of Missouri); Haynes, George W. (Montana State University); Manikowske, Linda (North Dakota State University); Jorgensen, Jennifer Johnson (University of Nebraska-Lincoln); Marshall, Maria I. (Purdue University); Lee, Yoon G. (Utah State University); Jasper, Cynthia R. (University of Wisconsin). Also attending Renee Wiatt and Sandra Sydnor, Purdue University.
Also present on October 1 were Dr. Michael D. Wilcox (Purdue University) advisor to NC1030 and NIFA Representatives Drs. Robbin Shoemaker and Brent Elrod.

Brief Summary of Minutes

This year the NC1030 Annual Meeting was virtual, and took place October 1 and 2. All the state representatives were present, along with NC1030 advisor and NIFA representatives. On October 1, day one (2 - 4:30pm) there were introductions by NC1030 co-chairs Marshall and Valdivia, and a brief report of activities during 2019, which included the annual NC1030 meeting October 10-11, 2019 hosted by Dr. Virginia Solis Zuiker, University of Minnesota representative in Minneapolis, virtual research meetings every other month, and to develop the research objectives next five-year proposal that starts 2021. Advisor M. Wilcox, and NIFA reps B. Elron and R. Shoemaker, provided comments, and information about the changes at NIFA, and the funding opportunities for this year.

Drs. LeHew and Manikowske, leaders of the proposal writing team, shared the progress with the five-year proposal. The committee went over the Issues and Justification section for the new proposal submitted on September 15, 2020. Discussion centered around the use of the term Small and Medium Enterprises vs family business. Time was spent developing the objectives for the new project. The discussion concentrated on the supporting evidence from of the literature and on-going research, and settled on the following objectives:

Objective 1: Identify and measure the sources of major change and disruption and the structural barriers that impact the family/household, the business or the community.

Objective 2: Identify and measure transformative responses to the positive and negative impacts of change and disruption on the family/household, the business, or the community.

Objective 3: Determine and inform policy or practice related to the wellbeing of the family, the business, or the community.

On October 2, the Business Meeting and group discussions on-going research took place.

Business Meeting: Drs. Marshall and Valdivia will continue as co-chairs until 2021. Dr. Manikowske continues in charge of the minutes. State representative presented brief reports, especially focusing on joint activities undertaken this year. The next Annual Meeting will take place in Logan Utah on October 6-9, 2021, if travel is safe. There were no changes to the Policy guidelines. Each representative shared a brief of activities being carried out jointly. The group agreed to write a letter in support of Dr. Jorgensen’s contributions to NC1030, and about the value of her program at University of Nebraska, as it is in danger of being cut.

After the business meeting, the members met in two working groups to coordinate activities for on the on-going research projects. The research sub-groups met virtually often to work on the proposal and specific research projects listed below.

Accomplishments

Several groups were formed at the annual meeting in Minnesota. An NC1030 research team submitted an invited manuscript to the Journal of Family and Economic Issues as a critical review of the family business literature that has been published over the last decade. The paper was accepted for publication in October. Three additional subgroups were created to work on manuscripts.  One group met many times via video conference. Their work resulted in a paper presentation at USASBE in January 2020, as well as a publication in Sustainability (open-access journal). This paper utilized data from the 2016 Wave 4 study reporting on the impact of involvement of business owners and their communities on business success. Another group interested in the impact of technology use and small family business is working on a paper using data collected in 2019 from the Small Business Values Study sent out from Purdue. A third group is focusing on the factors that impact FB-BRAG (family business balance, resolve, adaptability, growth). These include gender, ethnicity/race, and an interaction effect of gender & race, along with other factors, such as being a copreneur business, location, earnings of the business, and other capital/asset variables.  A similar analysis will be conducted with subjective wellbeing, and business processes (networks), potentially significant for minority businesses (Latino/a and African American) in rural, where race and ethnicity shape social capital. The research activities undertaken this year are listed under the three objectives. Note that in some research straddles more than one objective. Objective 1:  Identify and measure the sources of change and disruption that impact the family/household, the family firm or the community. A first research topic utilized data from the fourth wave of data collected for the National Family Business Survey (NFBS). Data for the NFBS was originally collected in 1997, 2000, and 2007 and involved telephone interviews from a National Family Business Panel to collect survey data. The fourth wave of data collected in 2016, the final round of a longitudinal study, followed a cohort of family businesses that continued to operate over a 20-year period. The longevity of this sample allowed for the enhanced detection of patterns over time and the ability to determine factors contributing to long-term business success. The publication from this study, “The Reciprocal Involvement of Family Business Owners and Communities in Business Success”, was published in Sustainability. Using the fourth wave of the National Family Business Study (NFBS) this group also worked on a conference paper titled “Owner and Community Involvement and Business Success in Small Family-Owned Business.” The findings were presented in a competitive research paper at the 2020 United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) Annual Conference. Another research project led by Dr. LeHew will identify key barriers to regional fiber farmers and identify of best practices and essential infrastructure needed to grow and expand a regenerative and circular fiber agriculture supply chain. The project has been delayed due to COVID-19. Objective 2: Identify and measure responses to the positive and negative impacts of change and disruption on the family/household, the family business, or the community. The 2013 Small Business Survival and Demise (SBSD) study after a Natural Disaster Project, focus on how small businesses were impacted by Hurricane Katrina. The main purpose of the research group was to examine how cash flow problems in small firms influence business recovery and resilience after a natural disaster. This study also examined the effect intermingling between business and family finances has on small businesses after non-normative disruption. The publication from this study “The Effect of Cash Flow Problems and Resource Intermingling on Small Business Recovery and Resilience after a Natural Disaster, is in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues during this period. Drs. M. Marshall, B. Katare and C. Valdivia developed a COVID Household/Small Business Survey. This is a joint collaboration between members from Purdue University and the University of Missouri to learn about the adjustments strategies on households and businesses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Qualtrics survey was applied to a representative sample of households and businesses, to learn about the impact of COVID-19 on their livelihoods, wellbeing, and the adjustment strategies of businesses. A manuscript focused on small business adjustment strategies is in preparation. Objective 3: Determine and inform policy or practice related to family firms. George Haynes led a review of the Contributions of Family Business Literature in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues (JFEI). The review article published in JFEI focused on research from 2010 to 2019. The JFEI articles utilize theories and conceptual frameworks from several social science fields to help readers understand the importance of including both the family and business in any discussion of family businesses. The literature review addresses four family business topical areas: (1) household and business economics, (2) business continuity and succession, (3) managerial and adoption strategies, and (4) values and goals. These JFEI articles have focused on differentiating family businesses from other types of businesses; explaining the unique interface between the family and the business; and identifying the characteristics (i.e., demographics, adjustment strategies, continuity, capitals, and values and goals) for family business survival and success. In the future, family business researchers have the opportunity to better understand the impact of community resources and climate; more carefully assess the challenges of women, minorities, and immigrants; understand the role of cultural capital; and explore the impact of innovation during rapidly changing times, such as those created by the pandemic.         Short term outcomes: The review for the Journal of Family and Economic Business summarizes previous research and suggests innovative ideas for future research on family businesses. The literature review will be value resource for aspiring researchers.

Publications

Publications Wiatt, R.D., Lee, Y.G., Marshall, M.I., and Zuiker, V.S. (2020). The effect of cash flow problems and resource intermingling on small business recovery and resilience after a natural disaster.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09710-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09710-y</a>. (Objective 1) Jorgensen, J., Masuo, D., Manikowske, L., and Lee, Y. (2020).  The reciprocal involvement of family business owners and communities in business success.  Sustainability, 12(10), 4048,  <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104048">https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104048</a>  [Objectives 2/3] Haynes, G., Marshall, M., Lee, Y., Zuiker, V.S. Jasper, Sydnor, S., Valdivia, C., Masuo, D., Niehm, L., and Wiatt, R. (2020). Family business research:  Reviewing the past, contemplating the future. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09732-6 (Objectives 1/3) Manuscripts in Preparation Johnson Jorgensen, J., Zuiker, V., Manikowske, L., and LeHew, M. (in preparation).  Impact of Communication Technologies on Small Business Success.  Journal of Small Business Strategy. Niehm, L.S., Lee, Y., Masuo, D., and Shin, E. (in preparation) The Survival of Family-Owned Business in Rural and Small Communities: Entrepreneurial and Innovative Responses to Recessionary Disruption. (Preparing for submission to JFEI, 2020). Katare, B., M. Marshall, and C. Valdivia (in preparation) Bend or Break? Small Business Survival and the CARES Act during the COVID-19 Shock (Preparing for submission to Journal of Business Venturing). Extension Publications Wiatt, R. and M.I. Marshall. (2020). “Why ALL Businesses Need a Plan”. Indiana Onsite Wastewater Professionals Association Newsletter, Spring Edition, pp.12-13. Available at: <a href="https://issuu.com/iowpanews/docs/iowpa_spring2020_issuu?fr=sNTEwMzI5MDk4NA">https://issuu.com/iowpanews/docs/iowpa_spring2020_issuu?fr=sNTEwMzI5MDk4NA</a>. Wiatt, R. and M.I. Marshall. (2020). “Defining your Dreams”. Vegetable Crops Hotline, 669. Available at: <a href="https://vegcropshotline.org/article/defining-your-dreams/">https://vegcropshotline.org/article/defining-your-dreams/</a>. Sydnor, S., Wiatt, R., Day, J. and Marshall, M. I. (2020) Bouncing Back Better: From Resilience to Regeneration. In Purdue Institute for Family Business <a href="applewebdata://FD8B20DA-81A0-432E-8960-74B057B1CF6B/purdue.ag/fambiz">(PIFB)</a>, <a href="https://ag.purdue.edu/agecon/fambiz/Documents/2020_PIFB_Summer_Newsletter.pdf">PIFB Quarterly Newsletter: 2020 Summer Edition (Special Research Edition</a>). Refereed Presentations Jorgensen, J., Masuo, D., Manikowske, L., and Lee, Y. (2020).  Owner and community involvement and business success in small family-owned businesses.  Presentation at the United States Association of Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE) Conference, New Orleans, LA – Objective 2/3 Sydnor, S. and Marshall, M. (2020). Mindfulness, Socioemotional Wealth, and Family Firm Performance. Paper presented at the February, Small Business Institute Annual Conference 2020, New Orleans, LA. Wiatt, R. and M.I. Marshall. “Love of Work or Love and Work? Workaholism among Small Business Owners”. Selected Paper Presented at: 2020 Small Business Institute Conference, February 2020. Conference Proceedings, 105-120. Available at: <a href="http://smallbusinessinstitute.biz/2020-Conference-Proceedings">http://smallbusinessinstitute.biz/2020-Conference-Proceedings</a>.

Impact Statements

Identifying the types of entrepreneurial strategies and practices that enabled family-owned businesses to succeed and sustain the 2007 to 2009 recession provides important implications for business owners/managers, business consultants, and policy makers. The findings are particularly important to rural communities that depend on the success and sustainability of family businesses for access to goods and services, for employment, and as drivers of the local economy. The results of this study can also be of value to entrepreneurship education programs in developing a curriculum that meets the needs of the growing number of young entrepreneurs. It is important to identify the entrepreneurial characteristics and strategies that increase the opportunities for family businesses to succeed.