Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual meeting of NCERA137 Soybean Diseases was held at the Sheraton-West Port Inn in St. Louis, MO on February 18 and 19, 2007 in conjunction with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers and the Soybean Breeders/Pathologist Workshop. A joint general session between NCERA137 and the Southern Soybean Disease Workers was held from 1:00 pm to 5:20 pm on Sunday, February 18. After a welcome and introductions, presentations were made by R.W. Schneider, J. Mo, A. Wrather, D.A. Smith and S. Isard. Paper presentations were followed by a joint social and dinner. The separate NCERA137 meeting was convened at 8:00 am on February 19. Chair Erick DeWolf, formerly of Pennsylvania State University and now of Kansas State University, was unable to attend the meeting so Past Chair Doug Jardine agreed to chair the 2007 meeting. The proposed agenda for the meeting included introductions followed by the business meeting and state reports concluding with discussion on the Soybean Pathology White Paper. Steve Slack, Administrative Advisor, provided a brief update. NCERA137 is good through September 20, 2009. The committee will need to start a rewrite next year and the rewrite needs to be completed by December 2008. The past year has been a busy year at the administrative (federal level) for a number of reasons and some of the actions taken this past year may have long term implications for both agriculture and universities. The redo of the Farm Bill may or may not get done this year. The time line right now is to complete the revisions this summer. The potential exists for a number of changes in the new Farm Bill including a bigger portion for biofuels and a continued emphasis on conservation; however, crop subsidies are under scrutiny. There is also discussion on the structure of how research, education and extension are handled and will be handled in the future. Changes may be coming out of the Executive Branch for Agricultural Experiment Stations and Hatch/McIntyre Stennis or REES agencies related to funding. Create 21 could put intramural and extramural components under one structure with single leadership or chief scientist. Impact would vary from state to state because all state Experiment Stations operate differently. How this will settle out is unknown- there is support for no change, support for changing the structure has strengthened and there is always room for unanticipated changes. Agricultural Experiment Station budgets may not change but if there is a major change in form then budget changes may follow. Tom Chase nominated Craig Grau for the position of secretary/chair elect. X.B. Yang seconded the nomination and Craig Grau was unanimously elected to serve as secretary in 2008 and chair in 2009. Discussion followed on meeting location, time and format for 2008. After suggestions ranging from another joint meeting with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers to meeting with the southern division of APS to meeting just as NCERA137, the majority of members favored meeting as a separate NCERA137 committee directly after the 2008 Soybean Breeders Meeting in St. Louis, MO (mid February). The meeting would focus on soybean research and problems in the North Central states and include ample time for discussion on results, techniques, etc. At this point the official business meeting was concluded and state reports initiated. State reports were presented by committee members from North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Ontario. Also, Arv Grybaukas presented a summary of soybean fungicide data that was submitted to him from trials throughout the US during the 2006 season. As a final topic of discussion Craig Grau presented the Soybean Pathology White Paper. Craig Grau and Anne Dorrance led discussion on the purpose of the white paper, suggestions for final changes in the white paper and ways to use the white paper to increase awareness of the importance of soybean diseases and the need for continued or additional financial support for soybean disease research. NCERA137 would like to thank members of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers for their assistance in making arrangements for this meeting.

Phytophthora Root Rot: Phytophthora root rot remains one of the most serious diseases of soybeans in the United States. The North Central Soybean Research Programs grant Limiting Losses to Phytophthora sojae in the North Central Region, a multi-state research and education effort lead by Dr. Anne Dorrance of The Ohio State University, is in its final year. The group is planning a June meeting to compile the various components of the project and prepare publications on several aspects of the research. Since the correct mapping of the Rps8 gene for Phytophthora resistance, The Ohio State group has characterized and identified the loci associated with resistance to Phytophthora sojae in plant introductions. A new method of quantifying partial resistance in soybean to Phytophthora root rot using WinRhizo root analysis software and hardware was developed at North Dakota State University. Measuring root length of three week old seedlings can quantify and differentiate between high and low partial resistance. Nebraska continues to find more fields with biotypes of Phytophthora that are aggressive against most marketed resistance genes. Soybean Cyst Nematode: SCN continues to be a major production problem for growers throughout much of the United States. Projects focusing on SCN work including identifying sources of resistance, incorporating resistance into soybean cultivars and germplasm, evaluating effects of crop rotation and crops on SCN, determining losses due to SCN and identifying prevalent HG types are components of soybean research programs in many states. Soybean Rust: Soybean rust was found late in the season in more northern states including Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. There is a real need to maintain grower awareness of this disease and to be prepared to manage the disease if it should occur earlier in the season in north central states. Minnesota and South Dakota have continued to submit Section 18 requests for additional fungicides for soybean rust with other states using their submission as a template. Anne Dorrance, The Ohio State University, is leading the effort to revise the national extension publication, Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust. The pocket guide is also being revised. Most states are involved in the USDA/CSREES/RMA/NCSRP soybean rust sentinel plot program. Sentinel plots in all soybean producing states were monitored throughout the growing season and results posted on the national web site www.sbrusa.net . Many committee members conducted soybean rust fungicide trials and fungicide application technology trials. Sudden Death Syndrome: Although SDS was not as widespread nor damaging as it is in some years, it was a problem in certain areas during the 2006 season. SDS was confirmed in Nebraska for the first time at locations in eastern Nebraska. A Minnesota survey confirmed SDS in 19 counties. Wisconsin confirmed SDS in nine counties in 2006. Charcoal Rot: For many of the states west of the Mississippi River the 2006 season was unusually hot and dry. Charcoal rot was a serious problem in Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska and was reported in South Dakota as well. Trials rating breeding lines for resistance to charcoal rot were conducted in a number of states. Foliage Diseases: Incidence and severity of foliage diseases such as Septoria brown spot, frogeye leaf spot, downy mildew, bacterial blight and bacterial blight varied depending on weather conditions in a given region. Ohio reported widespread and damaging levels of frogeye leaf spot. The disease was particularly severe on 3 or 4 branded cultivars that wee widely planted on approximately 500,000 acres. Yield losses ranged from 10 to 35%. Soybean Viruses: Soybean viruses continue to be of concern in states throughout the North Central Region. Surveys for incidence and severity of soybean viruses were conducted in some states. Sclerotinia White Mold: In states in which Sclerotinia white mold is a problem work continues on increasing the level of resistance to the pathogen in soybean, in determining if a novel antifungal synthetic peptide expressed in soybean will confer resistance to the pathogen and on other means of managing this disease.

Impullitti, A.E., and C.R. Grau. 2006. Population dynamics of Phialophora gregata in stem residue of a resistant and a susceptible soybean cultivar. Plant Dis. 90:759-764. Hobbs, H.A., Hill, C.B., Grau, C.R., Koval, N.C., Wang, Y., Pedersen, W.L., Domier, L.L., and Hartman, G.L. 2006. Green stem disorder of soybean. Plant Dis. 90:513-518 Diers, B.W., Kopisch-Obuch, F.J., Hoffman, G.L., Hartman, W.L., Pedersen, W.L., Grau, C.R., and Wang, D. 2006. Registration of AxN-1-55 soybean germplasm with partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot. Crop Sci. 46:1403. Donald, P.A., Pierson, P.E., S. K. St. Martin, P. R. Sellers, G.R. Noel, A. E. MacGuidwin, J. Faghihi, V.R. Ferris, C. R. Grau, D.J. Jardine, H. Melakeberhan, T.L. Niblack, W.C. Stienstra, G.L. Tylka, T. A. Wheeler, and D.S. Wysong. 2006. Assessing Heterodera glycines-resistant and susceptible cultivar yield response. J. Nematol. 38:76-82. Peltier, A.J., and C.R. Grau. 2006. The role of light in the soybean / Sclerotinia sclerotiorum interaction. Phytopathology 96:S174. Grau, C.R., and Koval, N.C. 2006. Potential for soybean stem canker resurgence in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:104-107. Koval, N., Grau, C., and Cullen, E. 2006. Understanding virus potential in commercial soybean fields. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:115-121. Grau, C.R., and Jensen, B. 2006. Field tests on improving soybean health. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:127-129. Jensen, B., and Grau, C.R. 2006. Tracking soybean rust: sentinel plots and spore trapping. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:178. Ziems, A.D., Giesler, L.J., Graef, George L., Redinbaugh, Margaret G., Vacha, Jean L., Berry, Sue Ann, Madden, Larry and Dorrance, Anne. E. 2006. Response of Soybean cultivars to Bean pod mottle virus Infection. Plant Disease. 91: (In Press). Giesler, L.J. and Ziems, A.D. 2006. Incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus in Nebraska soybean fields. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0424-01-HM. Giesler, L.J. and Gustafson, T.C. 2006. Efficacy of fungicides applied through chemigation to soybean, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC092. Giesler, L.J. and Ziems, A.D. 2006. Effect of seed treatment fungicides on soybean stand, vigor and yield, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:ST002. Ziems, A.D., Giesler, L.J. and Wilsong, J.A. 2006. Use of genetic tolerance, resistance and seed treatment fungicides to manage Phytophthora stem and root rot in Nebraska soybean fields. Phytopathology 96:S130. Watson, S.R. and Giesler, L.J. 2006. In field diagnostics with the University of Nebraska-Lincoln mobile plant diagnostic laboratory. Phytopathology 96:S121. Barnes, C.W., L.J. Szabo, J.J. Johnson, K.Ngueyen, C. Floyd, and J.E. Kurle. Detection of Phakopsora pachyrhizi DNA in rain using qPCR and a portable rain collector. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. 29 July-3 August. Quebec City, Quebec, CA. Chen, S.Y., Kurle, J.E., Stetina, S., Miller, D., Nelson, G., Klossner, L.D., Hansen, N. Interactions Among Iron-deficiency Chlorosis, Soybean Cyst Nematode, and Root Rot in Minnesota Soybean Fields. (Submitted to Agronomy Journal). Impullitti, A.E., and Malvick. D.K. 2007. Evaluation of PCR to study colonization of legumes by Phialophora gregata. Phytopathology (in-press). Impullitti, A.E., and Malvick. D.K. 2006. Detection of the soybean pathogens Phialophora gregata and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines in soil using PCR. Phytopathology 96:S52. Jia, H. and Kurle, J.E. Resistance and partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in early maturity group soybean plant introductions (Submitted to Euphytica). Krupa, S., Bowersox, V., Claybrooke, R., Barnes, C., Szabo, L., Harlin, K., and Kurle, J.E. 2006. Introduction of soybean rust spores into the Midwestern United States  A Case Study. Plant Disease. 90: 1254-1259. Kurle, J.E. , S. Lewandowski, and D. K. Malvick. Occurrence and Distribution of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in Minnesota. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. 29 July-3 August. Quebec City, Quebec, CA. Malvick, D. and Impullitti, I. 2007. Detection and Quantification of the fungus Phialophora gregata in Plant and Soil Samples with a Quantitative, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay. Plant Dis. (In-press). Malvick, D. 2006. Sudden Death Syndrome in Minnesota Soybean Fields in 2006, an Expanding Problem. November 2006. MN Crop eNews. (www.extension.umn.edu/cropenews/2006/06MNCN28.htm) Malvick, D. 2006. Preparing for Soybean Rust in Minnesota. June 2006. November 2006. MN Crop eNews. (www.extension.umn.edu/cropenews/2006/06MNCN28.htm) Wang,D., Kurle, J., and Percich, J. Tillage Management to Improve Soil Physical Conditions for Crop Growth. 18th World Congress of Soil Science. July 9-15, 2006. Philadelphia, PA. Tyler, B.M., Tripathy, S., Zhang, X., Dehal, P., Jiang, R.H.Y., Aerts, A., Arredondo, F.D., Baxter, L., Bensasson, D., Beynon, J.L., Chapman, J., Damasceno, C.M.B., Dorrance, A.E., Dou, D., Dickerman, A., Dubchak, I.L., Garbelotto, M., Gijzen, M., Gorgon, S.G., Govers, F., Grunwald, N.J., Huang, W., Ivors, K.L., Jones, R.W., Kamoun, S., Krampis, K., Lamour, K.H., Lee, M., McDonald, W.H., Medina, M., Miejer, H.G.G., Nordber, E.K., Maclean, D.J., Ospina-Giraldo, M.D., Morris, P.F., Phuntumart, V., Putnam, N.H., Rash, S., Rose, J.K.C., Sakihama, Y., Salamov, A.A., Savidor, A., Schuering, C.F., Smith, B.M., Sobral, B.W.S. Terry, A., Torto-Alalibo, Win, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Grigoriev, I.V., Rokhsar, D.S., and Boore, J.L. 2006. Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Science 313:1261-1266. Hoitink, H.A.J., Madden, L.V. and Dorrance, A.E. 2006. Systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma spp.: Interactions between the host, the pathogen, the biocontrol agent, and soil organic matter quality. Phytopathology 96:186-189. Gordon, S.G., St.Martin, S.K., and Dorrance, A.E. 2006. Rps8 Maps to a resistance gene rich region on soybean molecular linkage group F. Crop Sci. 46:168-173. Berry, S.A., Mills, D.R., and Dorrance, A.E. 2006. Evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for control of Phytophthora root and stem rot in soybeans in Ohio, 2006. PDMR ST001 Mills, D.R., Dorrance, A.E., Davis, M., and Davlin, J. 2006. Evaluation of soybean fungicides for yield response and Septoria brown spot in Ohio, 2006. PDMR FC089 McSpadden Gardener, B.B., Kroon van Diest, C., and J. Beuerlein 2006. Evaluation of biological seed treatments containing phlD+ strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens on soybeans grown in Ohio, 2005. Biological and Cultural Tests 21:FC045 McSpadden Gardener, B.B., Benitez, M.S., Camp, A. and Zumpetta, C. 2006. Evaluation of a seed treatment containing a phlD+ strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens on organic soybeans, 2005. Biological and Cultural Tests 21:FC046 Bradley, C. A. and Li, S. 2006. First report of northern stem canker of soybean caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in North Dakota. Plant Disease 90:687. Bolton MD, Thomma BPHJ and Nelson, BD. 2006 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Molecular Plant Pathology 7 (1) 1-16: Helms, T.C., Nelson, B. D., Goos, R. J., and Chang, K. C. 2006. Registration of 'ProSoy' soybean. Crop Sci. 46:470-471. Helms, T.C., B.D. Nelson, and R.J. Goos. 2006. Registration of 'Pembina' soybean. Crop Sci. 46:469-470. Bradley, C. A., Chesrown, C. D., and Helms, T. C. 2006. Efficacy of fungicide seed treatments on soybean in North Dakota. Phytopathology 96:S173. Nelson, B., and Phan, N. 2006. Evaluation of partial resistance in soybean to Phytophthora sojae using WinRhizo root analysis software. Phytopathology 96: S83. Nelson, B., and Mallik, I. 2006. Growth of Phytophthora sojae on media amended with metalaxyl and mefenoxam. Phytopathology 96: S 174. Mueller, T. A., Bradley, C. A., Chesrown, C. D., Kemerait, R. C., Wright, D. L., Marios, J. J., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide timing for the control of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the United States. 2nd National Soybean Rust Symposium, St. Louis, MO, online at: www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/2006/posters/53.asp Bradley, C. A. and Chesrown, C. D. 2006. Seed treatment and planting date effects on stand, root disease, and yield of soybean in North Dakota, 2005. F&N Tests 61:ST013. Bradley, C. A. and Chesrown, C. D. 2006. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of Septoria brown spot on soybean in North Dakota, 2005. F&N Tests 61:FC006. Bent, A. F., Hoffman, T. K., Schmidt, J. C., Hartman, G. L., Hoffman, D. D., Xue, P., and Tucker, M. L. 2006. Disease- and performance-related traits of ethylene-insensitive soybean. Crop Science 46:893-901. Bonde, M. R., Nester, S. E., Austin, C. N., Stone, C. L., Frederick, R. D., Hartman, G. L., and Miles, M. R. 2006. Evaluation of virulence of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae isolates. Plant Disease 90:708-716. Farias Neto, A. F., Hartman, G. L., Pedersen, W. L., Li, S., Bollero, G. A., and Diers, B. W. 2006. Irrigation and inoculation treatments that increase the severity of soybean sudden death syndrome in the field. Crop Science 46:2547-2554. Ferro, C. R., Hill, C. B., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Evaluation of soybean cultivars with the Rps1k gene for partial resistance or field tolerance to Phytophthora sojae. Crop Science 46:2427-2436. Gao, X., Jackson, T. A., Hartman, G. L., and Niblack, T. L. 2006. Interactions between soybean cyst nematode and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines based on greenhouse factorial experiments. Phytopathology 96:1409-1415. Harmon, C. L., Harmon, P. F., Mueller, T. A., Marois, J. J., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi telia on kudzu in the United States. Plant Disease 90:380. Hill, C. B., Hartman, G. L., Esgar, R., and Hobbs, H. A. 2006. Field evaluation of green stem disorder in soybean cultivars. Crop Science 46:879-885. Hill, C. B., Li, Y., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. A single dominant gene for resistance to the soybean aphid in the soybean cultivar Dowling. Crop Science 46:1601-1605. Hill, C. B., Li, Y., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Soybean aphid resistance in soybean Jackson is controlled by a single dominant gene. Crop Science 46:1606-1608. Hobbs, H. A., Hill, C. B., Grau, C. R., Koval, N. C., Wang, Y., Pedersen, W. L., Domier, L. L., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Green stem disorder of soybean. Plant Disease 90:513-518. Isard, S. A., Dufault, N. S., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., Russo, J. M., De Wolf, E. D., and Morel, W. 2006. The effect of solar irradiance on the mortality of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores. Plant Disease 90:941-945. Lozovaya, V.V., A.V. Lygin, O.V. Zernova, S. Li, J.M. Widholm, and G.L. Hartman. 2006. Lignin degradation by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Plant Disease 90:77-82. Lynch, T. N., Marois, J. J., Wright, D. L., Harmon, P. F., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Phaseolus spp. in the United States. Plant Disease 90:970. Miles, M. R., Frederick, R. D., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Health Progress:(Online). Available at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/php/ research/2006/germplasm/. Wang, Y., H.A. Hobbs, C.R. Bowen, R.L. Bernard, C.B. Hill, J.S. Haudenshield, L.L. Domier, and G.L. Hartman. 2006. Evaluation of soybean cultivars, 'Williams' isogenic lines, and other selected soybean lines for resistance to two Soybean mosaic virus strains. Crop Science 46:2649-2653. Hartman, G. L. 2006. Soybean rust research in the United States. Pages 19-22 in: Mercosoja 2006. Proceedings of the 3rd Mercosur Soyean Congress, held from June 27-30, 2006, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. (Proceedings) Hill, C. B., Hartman, G. L., Li, Y., Diers, B. W., and Carlson, S. 2006. Soybean genes for resistance to Aphis glycines. Patent Application No. 20060015964. (Patent) Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Levy, C. 2006. Control of soybean rust in a determinate cultivar at the Rattray Arnold Research Station, Zimbabwe, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC003. (Report) Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Levy, C. 2006. Control of soybean rust in an indeterminate cultivar at the Gwebi Variety Testing Center, Zimbabwe, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC004. (Report) Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., van Rij, N. C., Tweer, S., du Preez, E. D., and Lawrance, K. F. 2006. Evaluations of fungicides for control of soybean rust in the cultivar 'Prima 2000' near Cedara, South Africa, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC002. (Report) Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Morel, W. 2006. Evaluations of fungicides for the control of soybean rust at Bella Vista, Paraguay, 2004-2005 Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC007. (Report) Sconyers, L. E., Kemerait, R. C., Brock, J. Phillips, D. V., Jost, P. H., Sikora, E. J., Gutierrez-Estrada, A., Mueller, J. D., Marois, J. J., Wright, D. L., and Harmon, C. L. 2006. Asian Soybean Rust Development in 2005: A perspective from the Southeastern United States. APSnet Feature Story. Online publication: http://apsnet.org/online/feature/sbr/ Mullen, J. M., E. J. Sikora, J. M. McKemy, M. E. Palm, L. Levy and R. Devries-Paterson. 2006. First Report of Asian Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Soybeans in Alabama. Plant Disease 90:112. Sikora, E. J. D. P. Delaney, K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada and R. Durbin. 2006. Evaluation of Ballad for control of foliar diseases of soybeans, 2005. 2005 Soybean Research Report 29, pg.12. Lawrence, K. S., D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora and S. P. Nightengale. 2006. Evaluation of Absolute, Folicur and Stratego on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. 2005 Soybean Research Report 29, pg. 10. Lawrence, K. S., D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora and S. P. Nightengale. 2006. Evaluation of Punch, Charisma, Folicur and Manzate on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. 2005 Soybean Research Report 29, pg. 11. Sikora, E. J., K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada, D. P. Delaney and M. Pegues. 2006. Evaluation of Ballad for control of foliar diseases of soybeans, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication # Sikora, E. J., K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada, D. P. Delaney and M. Pegues. 2006. Evaluation of fungicide spray programs for Asian soybean rust in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication # Lawrence, K. S., E. J. Sikora D. P. Delaney, and R. M. Durbin. 2006. Evaluation of Punch, Charisma, Folicur and Manzate on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication # Lawrence, K. S., D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora and S. P. Nightengale. 2006. Evaluation of Absolute, Folicur and Stratego on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication # Sikora, E. J., A. Gutiérrez-estrada, D. Delaney, J. Mullen and J. Jacobi. 2006. Proceedings of the Illinois Crop Protection Technology Conference. Urbana, Illinois. Sikora, E. J. and M. Delaney. Kudzu in the City: Detection of Asian Soybean Rust on Kudzu in Urban Environments in Alabama during the winter of 2006. Soybean Rust Symposium, St. Louis, MO. S. Chaudhary, T. R. Anderson, S.J. Park and K. Yu. 2006. Comparison of screening methods for resistance to Fusarium root rot in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plant Pathology: J. Phytopathology 154, 303-308 Winter, S.M.J., Shelp, B.J., Anderson, T.R., Welacky, T. W. and Rajcan, I. 2006. QTL associated with horizontal resistance to soybean cyst nematode in Glycine sojae PI464925B. Theor Appl Genet DOI 10.1007/s00122-006-0446-4. K. Thickett, J. VanDerWal, L. Lovett-Doust and T.R. Anderson. 2007. A method for screening soybean seedlings for resistance to northern stem canker caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora. Can J. Plant Science. (Accepted) Thomas, R., Fang, A., Peterson, C. A., Anderson, T.R. and Bernards, M.A. 2007. Soybean root suberin. Anatomical distribution, chemical composition, and relationship to partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann). Plant Physiology. (Accepted) Del Ponte, E.M., Godoy, C. V., Li, X. and Yang, X. B. 2006. Predicting Severity of Asian Soybean Rust Epidemics with Empirical Rainfall Models. Phytopathology 96:797-803. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0797 Pivonia, S. and Yang, X.B. 2006. Relating Epidemic Progress from a General Disease Model to Seasonal Appearance Time of Rusts in the United States: Implications for Soybean Rust. Phytopathology 96:400-407. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0400 Pan, Z., Yang, X. B., Pivonia, S., Xue, L. and Pasken, R. and Roads, J. 2006. Long-Term Prediction of Soybean Rust Entry into the Continental United States. Plant Dis. 90:840-846. DOI: 10.1094/PD-90-0840 Yang, X.B., 2006. Framework development in plant disease risk assessment and its application. European Journal of Plant Pathology (2006) 115:2534, DOI 10.1007/s10658-005-4513-5 Mueller, E. E., and Grau, C. R. 2007. Seasonal progression, symptom development, and yield effects of Alfalfa mosaic virus epidemics on soybean in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 91:266-272. Gao, H., Narayanan, N., Ellison, L., and Bhattacharyya M.K. (2005) Two classes of highly similar coiled coil-nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat genes isolated from the Rps1-k locus encode Phytophthora resistance in soybean. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 18:1035-1045. Sandhu, D., Schallock K. G., Rivera-Velez, N. , P. Lundeen, P., S. Cianzio, S., and M. K. Bhattacharyya (2005) Soybean Phytophthora resistance gene Rps8 maps closely to the Rps3 region. J. Heredity, 96:536-541.