Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

October 25, 2006 The fifth meeting of the Soybean Rust Working group was held at the University of Floridas North Florida Research and Education Center in Quincy, FL on October 25-26. October 24th was a travel day, and a welcoming fish fry was thrown at the Quincy Station. On October 25th, the committee chair, John Rupe, opened the meeting at 8:00 am and began with individual state reports summarizing research and extension activities on soybean rust. State reports were presented by individuals from University of Florida, University of Georgia, Texas A&M University, University of Arkansas, Virginia Tech, University of Delaware, University of Kentucky, University of Missouri, Kansas State University, University of Nebraska, Iowa State University, Ohio State University, Cornell University, Penn State University, University of Minnesota, South Dakota State University, North Dakota State University, Michigan State University, Auburn University, and a combined report for western states (Idaho, Colorado, Washington, and Oregon). Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska) and Don Hershman (Univ. KY) led a discussion on the sentinel plots used to monitor for soybean rust in the 2006 season. They indicated that the two main goals of the sentinel plot system were surveillance and tracking, and some of the benefits of the sentinel plot system were: " First soybean rust find in several states were in sentinel plots " According to a USDA-ERS report, the sentinel plots saved growers between $11  299 million. " Enhanced the communication among plant pathologists " Improved the relationship of Land Grant Universities with stakeholders Some of the issues discussed about the sentinel plot program were: use of producer fields, mobile scouting, funding, further integration of new points with PIPE, movement of spores, number of plots necessary, distribution of plots, usefulness of plots, grower interest, value to modelers, public relations, use of ecozones to distribute plots, coordination with neighboring states, and handling of samples. Sue Tolin, Virginia Tech, presented information about the Legume Virus PIPE for the 2007 season. She explained that the purpose of the Legume Virus PIPE is to establish a baseline of viruses present in Phaseolus bean and soybean. The outputs of the program would provide information for RMA on the most significant risks, would link increased incidence of virus to vector emergence, and would provide a link of virus expertise to NPDN labs. Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and soybean mosaic virus (SMV) would be surveyed in this program. A discussion followed about the use of the PIPE program for the viruses, where the interest is coming from, and on the use of the existing infrastructure of the PIPE to support other programs. Julie Golod, Penn State Univ., provided an update on the rust monitoring efforts in Mexico and their partnership with the PIPE. She explained that Mexico is currently monitoring 40 sites weekly and using ELISA as confirmation. This information will hopefully be implemented into the PIPE. Training sessions with Mexico have occurred, and red/green areas of Mexico may be seen on the soybean rust map in 2007 or sooner. The soybean rust monitoring protocols are being translated into Spanish, and if Mexico does participate in the PIPE, our state commentaries may also need to be translated. Business Meeting The business meeting was called to order at 1:00 pm by John Rupe. The minutes of the 2005 meeting were made available for review. XB Yang (IA St. Univ.) made a motion to approve the minutes, and Doug Jardine (Kansas St. Univ.) seconded the motion. The motion to approve the minutes was passed. Steve Slack (Ohio St. Univ. / NCERA 208 Administrative Advisor) updated the group on the history of NCERA 208 and the various committee name and number changes. The current committee (NCERA 208) has been approved for 5 years beginning October 1, 2006. Steve also informed the group that the NCRA (North Central Regional Association of Agriculture Experiment Station Directors) has a quarterly newsletter available on the world wide web at: http://www.wisc.edu/ncra/newsletter.htm. Steve also gave an update on Create 21, which is a project of the Board on Agriculture Assembly of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges. The project is working to reach a consensus about how the partnership between the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Americas land-grant and related universities should be updated to Create Research, Extension, and Teaching Excellence for the 21st Century. The project has a website available at: http://www.create-21.org/. Next year the secretary, Carl Bradley, will chair the committee. Ed Sikora (Auburn) was elected the committees secretary by unanimous vote. It was the general consensus of the group to have the next NCERA 208 meeting tied with the APS Soybean Rust Symposium in 2007. The symposium was held in November in both 2005 and 2006. The group thanked Jim Marois and the University of Florida for doing a wonderful job of hosting the meeting. Thanks were also expressed to David Wright and the North Central Soybean Research Program for providing support for the excellent meals during the meetings. Marty Draper (USDA-CSREES) talked to the group about impact writing for multi-state committees. He explained the differences between ouputs and impacts and using the logic model to arrive at ways to get short-term, medium-term, and long-term impacts. The components of an impact statement should contain the issue, the actions that have been done, the benefits, who did the work, and the contact information. There was some discussion that Carol Pilcher (Iowa St. Univ.) would be good to talk to the group about a way to measure impact. Other multi-state committees have developed impact bulletins; it was suggested that NCERA 208 try to do something similar. The PIPE steering committee may be able to get support to conduct a survey. From 3:00 to 5:00, there was a tour of the research plots at the Quincy station. This allowed the group to see first-hand the efficacy of fungicides as well as view rust symptoms with a hand lens and dissecting microscopes. October 26, 2006 John Rupe opened up the meeting at 8:00 am. Scott Isard (Penn St. Univ.) presented some of the research being conducted on the deposition of soybean rust spores and the PIPE program. A PIPE steering committee of approximately 25 stakeholders was developed to guide the program. Don Hershman (Univ. of Kentucky) is the chair of the committee. The 2007 PIPE will likely be expanded to dry bean pests and viruses, Lepidoptera pests of sweet corn, Fusarium head blight (scab) of barley and wheat, and diseases and insect pests of citrus. Jim VanKirk (Southern Reg. IPM Center) updated the group on funding for the PIPE in 2007. There are two scenarios for funding in 2007 with support either coming from RMA only or RMA and Congress. Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. Univ.) updated the group on the fungicide guide. The original guide had 159,344 copies distributed, and it will be updated over the winter. The deadline for chapters in the revised version is January 15, 2007. Layla Sconyers (Univ. GA) discussed the 2007 sentinel plot protocol and the issue of using Roundup (glyphosate) for control of soybean rust. The protocol for 2007 will be similar to the 2006 protocol, but she is accepting suggestions for changes. United States Congressman Allen Boyd updated the group on appropriations and was thankful for the groups efforts. There was a discussion on if fungicide applications should stop at the R5 growth stage. Questions were raised if soybean plants go through the reproductive stages faster in the northern U.S. compared to the southern U.S. There are also fungicide label issues on how late the fungicides can be applied. Jim Marois (Univ. FL) updated the group on the Florida Invasive Pests Project. With this project, researchers have access to resources in Florida. This project will help with the soybean rust research efforts. The meeting was adjourned at noon.

The objectives of NCERA 208 are to: 1. develop and implement a coordinated soybean rust survey and monitoring system based on identifying overwintering inoculum sources and the host range of this pathogen; 2. identify and evaluate the best disease management strategies for soybean rust in the U.S. including host resistance, fungicide application, cultural measures, and predictive models based on sound epidemiological research; 3. provide forums for meetings to exchange and share research data among the land grant participants and with industry and commodity groups; and 4. develop educational materials for identification and management of soybean rust in the U.S. Accomplishments for Objective 1. Sentinel plots. Over 730 sentinel plots were monitored for soybean rust in 35 states in 2006. These plots included established plots, overwintering plots, and mobile sites; soybean, kudzu, and other legume crops were monitored. In several cases, the first find of soybean rust in a state was in the sentinel plots. Information from these findings was uploaded onto the USDA PIPE (Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education) website (http://www.sbrusa.net/) where the movement of soybean rust could be monitored and the data could be used to develop and evaluate epidemiological models. Specialists wrote commentaries for their state on a regular basis that helped growers and consultants make scouting and fungicide application decisions. A total of 107,375 visits and 2,091,668 hits were recorded for the USDA PIPE website from January to October, 2006. Spore trapping. Most states participated in the Syngenta-sponsored spore trapping system. Glass microscope slides from the traps were sent to Dr. John Rupes (Univ. Ark.) laboratory on a regular basis, where they were evaluated for soybean rust-like spores. When a soybean rust-like spore was found, the state specialist was notified immediately. This helped the state specialist identify areas where scouting efforts for soybean rust could be intensified. Additionally, spores were collected in other states using passive traps and rainwater filtering traps (USDA-ARS, Univ. MN, Univ. IL, Univ. FL, Penn St., Univ. WI); PCR was used to confirm the presence of P. pachyrhizi in these collections. Host range. A host range study conducted in Fort Detrick, MD identified 28 new hosts under controlled inoculated conditions (USDA, Univ. IL). Additionally, 105 species were planted in a Florida field for evaluation of their susceptibility to soybean rust (USDA, Univ. IL, Univ. FL). Accomplishments for Objective 2. Host resistance. Screening and breeding for resistance to soybean rust is an on-going effort, but some progress has already been made. A select set of Plant Introduction (PI) lines were sent to numerous cooperators in the South and Paraguay (USDA-ARS, Univ. IL, Auburn, Univ. FL, Univ. GA, LSU); a few of these appear to have high levels of resistance. A set of over 2,700 Chinese germplasm accessions were screened for resistance at two China locations and in a greenhouse at Georgia (Mich. St. Univ., Univ. GA); some of these accessions showed high levels of resistance in both field and greenhouse conditions. A set of Glycine tomentella (wild perennial soybean) showed a high level of resistance or immunity to soybean rust under inoculated conditions in a greenhouse at Florida (USDA-ARS, Univ. IL, Univ. FL). Other public soybean breeding programs are also involved in the effort to breed for resistance to soybean rust. Fungicide efficacy research. Fungicide efficacy trials were conducted by several groups (USDA, Univ. FL, Univ. IL, Auburn, LSU, Univ. GA) in areas where soybean rust appeared domestically (GA, AL, FL, LA) and internationally (Paraguay, South Africa, Zimbabwe). Several other states conducted foliar fungicide trials in the absence of soybean rust, and were able to determine efficacy on other diseases and make general plant health observations. Due to presence of other pests in the U.S. soybean production region, many states conducted research that evaluated tank-mixing of fungicides with other crop protection chemicals, such as insecticides and herbicides. Fungicide application technology research. Many states evaluated different application technologies for improved canopy penetration and coverage. In these trials, different spray tips, calibration settings, and application systems were evaluated. Pathogen biology / epidemiology. Several research projects designed to understand the movement, deposition, spread, and effect of microclimate on soybean rust spores are on-going (Penn St., Univ. FL, Univ. GA, LSU). Predictive models. Predictive models conducted by multiple research teams (Penn St., ZedX Inc., IA St. Univ., NC St. Univ.) were integrated to develop simulations that were interpreted by a team of meteorologists. These interpretations were made available to researchers, extension specialists, and administrators on the restricted access PIPE web site. The predictive models will continue to be refined and validated. Field diagnosis tool. A hand-held, field-friendly tool for in-field soybean rust diagnosis is being developed (OH St. Univ., USDA, U.S. Navy). Because soybean rust is difficult to detect early in the infection process, this tool would allow for a quick diagnosis that could lead to more timely fungicide applications, if needed. Yield loss research. Understanding the effects of soybean rust on soybean yield is important to the entire U.S. agriculture industry. Research is being conducted (Univ. KY, LSU) to understand the effect of defoliation, caused by natural soybean rust and/or by manual defoliation, on soybean yield. This information will be used to build a yield loss prediction tool that will have several uses including helping growers make fungicide application decisions. Extension specialists in individual states conducted grower education meetings on soybean rust and refresher courses for First Detectors. Accomplishments for Objective 3. The NCERA 208 annual meeting held at Quincy, FL in October 2006 allowed individuals from USDA and Land Grant Universities to exchange and share research data. Soybean rust symptoms, its effect on soybeans, and the effect of different management practices on the disease were all observed firsthand by members of NCERA 208 and guests at this meeting. Members of NCERA 208 were vitally important in developing and participating in the 2nd American Phytopathological Society Soybean Rust Symposium held at St. Louis, MO in November 2006. Industry, Land Grant and Public Universities, USDA, International Organizations, and Commodity Groups were all represented and were able to exchange ideas and discuss research data presented at this meeting. Accomplishments for Objective 4. To date, over 150,000 copies of Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust, developed largely by members of NCERA 208, have been distributed, and a revision is being developed. Another multi-state publication, Soybean Rust Management in the Mid-Atlantic Region, was developed by several members of NCERA 208 (GA, NC, SC, VA). Working with members of NCERA 208, the North Central IPM Center developed two CD-ROMs, Soybean Rust: Scout Before You Spray and Using the Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education to Address On-Farm Management Issues. In addition, many specialists have developed soybean rust educational materials (including websites, bulletins, and circulars) for their individual state. NCERA 208 has been vitally important in providing input that has been used to develop and shape the PIPE (Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education), which is the primary tool used by the entire U.S. agriculture industry to track the movement of soybean rust and help make management decisions.

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles: Bonde, M. R., Nester, S. E., Austin, C. N., Stone, C. L., Frederick, R. D., Hartman, G. L., and Miles, M. R. 2006. Evaluation of virulence of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. mebomiae isolates. Plant Dis. 90:708-716. Del Ponte, E. M., Godoy, C. V., Li, X., and Yang, X. B. 2006. Predicting severity of Asian soybean rust epidemics with empirical rainfall models. Phytopathology 96:797-803. Harmon, C. L., Harmon, P. F., Mueller, T. A., Marois, J. J., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi telia on kudzu in the United States. Plant Dis. 90:380. Hershman, D. E., Bachi, P. R., Harmon, C. L., Harmon, P. F., Palm, M. E., McKemy, J. M., Zeller, K. A., and Levy, L. 2006. First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) in Kentucky. Plant Dis. 90:834. Hyten, D. L., Hartman, G. L., Nelson, R. L., Frederick, R. D., Concibido, V. C, and Cregan, P. B. 2007. Map location of the Rpp1 locus that confers resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soybean rust) in soybean. Crop Sci. (in press). Isard, S. A., DeWolf, E. D., and Russo, J. M. 2006. The establishment of a national pest information platform for extension and education. Plant Health Progress (on-line) doi: 10.1094/PHP-2006-0915-01-RV. Isard, S. A., Dufault, N. S., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L. , Russo, J. M., DeWolf, E. D., and Morel, W. 2006. The effect of solar irradiance on the mortality of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores. Plant Dis. 90:941-945. Isakeit, T., M.E. Miller, R. SaldaHa, L.W. Barnes, J.M. McKemy, M.E. Palm, K.A. Zeller, R. DeVries-Paterson, and L. Levy. 2006. First report of rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean and kudzu in Texas. Plant Dis. 90:971. Koenning, S. R., Moore, A. D., Creswell, T. C., Abad, G. Z., Palm, M. E., McKemy, J. M., Hernandez, J. R., Levy, L., and DeVries-Paterson, R. 2006. First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in North Carolina. Plant Dis. 90:973. Krupa, S., Bowersox, V., Claybrooke, R., Barnes, C., Szabo, L., Harlin, K., and Kurle, J.E. 2006. Introduction of soybean rust spores into theMidwestern United States  A Case Study. Plant Dis. 90:1254-1259. Lynch, T. N., Marois, J. J., Wright, D. L., Harmon, P. F., Harmon, C. L., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Phaseolus spp. in the United States. Plant Dis. 90:970. Miles, M. R., Frederick, R. D., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Health Progress (on-line) doi 10.1094/PHP-2006-0104-01-RS. Miles, M. R., Pastor-Corrales, M. A., Hartman, G. L., and Frederick, R. D. 2006. Differential response of common bean cultivars to Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Dis. (in press). Mullen, J. M., Sikora, E. J., McKemy, J. M., Palm, M. E., Levy, L., and Devries-Paterson, R. 2006. First report of Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean in Alabama. Plant Dis. 90:112. Pan, Z., Yang, X. B., Pivonia, S., Xue, L., Pasken, R., and Roads, J. 2006. Long-term prediction of soybean rust entry into the continental United States. Plant Dis. 90:840-846. Patzoldt, M. E., Tyagi, R. K., Hymowitz, T., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Frederick, R. D. 2006. Soybean rust resistance derived from Glycine tomentella in amphiploid hybrid lines. Crop Sci. (in press). Pivonia, S., and Yang, X. B. 2006. Relating epidemic progress from a general disease model to seasonal appearance time of rusts in the United States: Implications for soybean rust. Phytopathology 96:400-407. Rupe, J. and Sconyers, L. 2006. Asian soybean rust. American Phytopathological Society Disease Lesson. To be published on-line in Plant Health Instructor. Sconyers, L. E., Kemerait, R. C., Jr., Brock, J. H., Gitaitis, R. D., Sanders, F. H., Phillips, D. V., and Jost, P. H. 2006. First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust, on Florida beggarweed in the United States. Plant Dis. 90:972. Sikora, E. J. and M. Delaney. 2006. Kudzu in the City: Detection of Asian Soybean Rust on Kudzu in Urban Environments in Alabama during the winter of 2006. Soybean Rust Symposium, St. Louis, MO. (abstract) Wrather, J. A. and Koenning, S. R. 2006. Estimates of disease effects on soybean yields in the United States 2003-2005. J. Nematology 38:173-180. Abstracts, Edited Scientific Reports, and Proceedings: Bandyopadhyay, R., Paul, C., Twizeyimana, M., Adeleke, R., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Identification and development of resistance to soybean rust in Nigeria. Phytopathology 96S (in press) (abstract). Barnes, C.W., L.J. Szabo, J.J. Johnson, Kim Ngueyen, C. Floyd, and J.E. Kurle. Detection of Phakopsora pachyrhizi DNA in rain using qPCR and a portable rain collector. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. 29 July-3 August. Quebec City, Quebec, CA (abstract). Buck, J. W. and Mueller, D. S. 2006. Effect of light exposure on germination and germ tube growth of urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Puccinia triticina. North Central APS Meeting (abstract). Clements, G., and S. Kumudini. 2006. Use of vegetation index to determine potential yield loss: A risk management tool for Asian soybean rust. Abstract submitted to 2006 ASA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN (abstract). Hartman, G. L. 2006. Soybean rust research in the United States, p. 19-23, Mercosoja 2006. Proceedings of the 3rd Mercosur Soybean Congress, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. Hershman, D. E. 2006. SBR Monitoring and Forecasting. In: Proc. American Seed Trade Assoc. 36th Annual Soybean Seed Research Conference, Chicago, IL. Hershman, D. E. and L. J. Giesler. 2006. Overview of the Asian Soybean Rust Sentinel Network for 2005. On-line: http://www.apsnet.org/meetings/div/so06abs.asp Jost, P. H., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E., and Clark, J. E. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides for control Asian soybean rust in Appling Co., Georgia, 2005. F&N Tests 61:FC071. Kemerait, R. C., Jost, P. H., Kichler, J. M., and Sconyers, L. E. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides for control of Asian soybean rust in Macon County, Georgia, 2005. F&N Tests 61:FC073. Kemerait, R. C., Jost, P. H., and Sconyers, L. E. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides for control of Asian soybean rust in Lang Farm (Trial 1), Georgia, 2005. F&N Tests 61:FC074. Kemerait, R. C., Jost, P. H., and Sconyers, L. E. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides for control of Asian soybean rust in Lang Farm (Trial 2), Georgia, 2005. F&N Tests 61:FC075. Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E., Jost, P. H., and Mills, W. A. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides for control of Asian soybean rust in Attapulgus, Georgia, 2005. F&N Tests 61:FC072. Kemerait, R. C., Jr., Sconyers, L. E., Jost, P. H., Kichler, J., and Clark, J. 2006. Management of Asian soybean rust with fungicides in Georgia. Southern Division APS Meeting (abstract). Kumudini, S., C.V. Godoy, J. Board, and J. Omielan. 2006. Developing a Yield Loss prediction Model for Asian Soybean Rust - A Crop Physiology Approach. Epidemiology section. 2006 National Soybean Rust Symposium, St. Louis, MO. (abstract) Kumudini, S., C.V. Godoy, J. Board, and J. Omielan. 2006. Asian soybean rust: The role of defoliation injury in yield loss. Abstract submitted to 2006 ASA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN. (abstract) Lawrence, K. S., D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora and S. P. Nightengale. 2006. Evaluation of Absolute, Folicur and Stratego on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication Lawrence, K. S., E. J. Sikora D. P. Delaney, and R. M. Durbin. 2006. Evaluation of Punch, Charisma, Folicur and Manzate on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Levy, C. 2006. Control of soybean rust in a determinate cultivar at the Rattray Arnold Research Station, Zimbabwe, 2004-05. F&N Tests 61:FC003. Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., van Rij, N. C., Tweer, S., du Preez, E. D., and Lawrence, K. F. 2006. Evaluations of fungicides for control of soybean rust in the cultivar Prima 2000 near Cedara, South Africa, 2004-05. F&N Tests 61:FC002. Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Morel, W. 2006. Evaluations of fungicides for the control of soybean rust at Bella Vista, Paraguay, 2004-05. F&N Tests 61:FC007. Mueller, T. A., Morel, W., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Effect of timing of fungicide applicatgions on development of soybean rust. Phytopathology (in press) (abstract). Omielan, J., S. Kumudini, C. V. Godoy. 2006. Development of a yield loss prediction model for Asian Soybean Rust. Abstract submitted to 2006 ASA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN. (abstract) Paul, C., Bandyopadhyay, R., Twizeyimana, M., Hill, C. B., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Potential of detached soybean leaves for evaluation of rust resistance. Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Soybean. Lincoln, NE. Rupe, J. C., Wiglesworth, M. D., Smith, S., and Wickizer, S. 2006. Asian soybean rust: Syngenta spore trap project. Southern Division of The American Phytopathological Society (abstract). Sikora, E. J. D. P. Delaney, K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada and R. Durbin. 2006. Evaluation of Ballad for control of foliar diseases of soybeans, 2005. 2005 Soybean Research Report 29, pg.12. Sikora, E. J., K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada, D. P. Delaney and M. Pegues. 2006. Evaluation of Ballad for control of foliar diseases of soybeans, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication Sikora, E. J., K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada, D. P. Delaney and M. Pegues. 2006. Evaluation of fungicide spray programs for Asian soybean rust in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication Sconyers, L. E., Kemerait, R. C., Brock, J., Phillips, D. V., Jost, P. H., Sikora, E. J., Gutierrez-Estrada, A., Mueller, J. D., Marois, J. J., Wright, D. L., and Harmon, C. L. 2006. Asian soybean rust development in 2005: A perspective from the southeastern United States. APSnet Feature Article. Online publication: http://apsnet.org/online/feature/sbr/ Sconyers, L. E., Kemerait, R. C., Jr., Jost, P. H., and Phillips, D. V. 2006. Sentinel plot and commercial field monitoring of Asian soybean rust in Georgia in 2005. Southern Division APS Meeting. (abstract) Van de Mortel, M., Rucknor, J. C., Godoy, C. V, Abdelnoor, R. V., Almeida, A. M. R., Nettleton, D. S., Whitham, S. A., and Baum, T. J. Molecular characterization of the Asian soybean rust disease. Soybean Molecular Biology Meeting, Lincoln, NE (abstract). Extension: Bradley, C. 2006. Foliar fungicides for soybean. North Dakota State University Crop and Pest Report, Issue 9, pg 6. Bradley, C. 2006. Soybean rust update. North Dakota State University Crop and Pest Report, Issue 9, pg 7. Dunphy, J., Holshouser, D., Howle, D., Jost, P., Kemerait, R., Koenning, S., Mueller, J., Phipps, P., Rideout, S., Sconyers, L., Stromberg, E., Wiatrak, P., and Wood, A. 2006. Soybean Rust Management in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Clemson University Extension Service, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension, South Carolina Department of Agriculture, South Carolina Soybean Board, Virginia Cooperative Extension, University of Georgia Extension. Dunphy, J., and S. Koenning. 2006. Recommendations for managing soybean rust in 2006. Clemson University Extension Service, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension, South Carolina Department of Agriculture, South Carolina Soybean Board, Virginia Cooperative Extension, and the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. PP 21-22. Grau, C., and Jensen, B. 2006. Soybean rust update. Wisconsin Crop Manager. http://ipcm.wisc.edu/wcm/disease.html Grau, C., and Jensen, B. 2006. Soybean rust in Mexico: an update. Wisconsin Crop Manager. http://ipcm.wisc.edu/wcm/disease.html Hershman, D.. 2006 KY Soybean Rust Spray Decision Aid. On-line pub: www2.sbrusa.net/sbr/uploads/KY/2006%20KY%20Fungicide%20SBR%20Aid.pdf Hershman, D., A. Dorrance, and M. Draper. 2006 Soybean Rust Fungicide Use Guidelines. On-line Pub: www.sbrusa.net (click on Tactics-USA). A. Draper, and D. E. Hershman, eds. Ohio State University Ext. Bull. SR-2005. Jost, P. H., Clark, J., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E., and Montgomery, B. 2006. Controlling Asiatic soybean rust with variable rate fungicide applications. 2005 Soybean Research-Extension Report for Georgia. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/2005rer/index.htm Jost, P. H., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E. 2006. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Soybean Newsletter. 3 March 2006. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/. Jost, P. H., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E. 2006. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Soybean Newsletter. 13 April 2006. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/. Jost, P. H., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E. 2006. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Soybean Newsletter. 16 May 2006. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/. Jost, P. H., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E. 2006. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Soybean Newsletter. 15 June 2006. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/. Jost, P. H., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E. 2006. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Soybean Newsletter. 18 July 2006. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/. Jost, P. H., Kemerait, R. C., Sconyers, L. E. 2006. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Soybean Newsletter. 18 September 2006. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/. Kemerait, R.C., Jost, P. H., Sconyers, L. E., Kichler, J., and Clark, J. 2006. Assessment of select fungicides for management of Asian soybean rust. 2005 Soybean Research-Extension Report for Georgia. Online publication: http://www.griffin.peachnet.edu/caes/soybeans/2005rer/index.htm Kemerait, R., S. Koenning, J. Dunphy, J. Mueller, and P. Phipps. 2006. Spray decisions based on rust movements. 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