SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Representatives from 11 stations were present at the Annual Meeting. E-mail addresses are provided in the minutes. 1. Kansas State University Jeff Stevenson 2. University of Nebraska  Rick Funston 3. USDA-MARC  Robert Cushman 4. South Dakota State University George Perry 5. University of Minnesota  Cliff Lamb and Karl Thielen (Graduate Student) 6. Iowa State University  Carolyn Komar 7. University of Missouri  Allen Garverick 8. University of Illinois  Darrel Kesler 9. University of Kentucky  Bill Silvia 10. Purdue University  Rebecca Krisher 11. University of Wisconsin  Paul Fricke 12. USDA Representative  Deb Hamernik 13. Department Head Advisor  Jim Kinder Not Present were 1. Michigan State University  Richard Pursley 2. The Ohio State University  Joe Ottobre 3. Administrative Advisor  Bill Ravlin (Bill Koshar joined us on a conference call)

Jeff Stevenson reported on the progress of the dairy collaborative project. There are still a few stations that need to get data to Jeff and a few that need to further define the data that Jeff has received. Jeff also presented his station report because of prior commitments to attend the NAAB meeting; he would not be available to present his report on Friday. Cliff Lamb reported on the progress of the Beef collaborative project. Data has been collected and summarized and was presented at the 2006 annual ASAS meeting. The manuscript is being prepared. Discussion turned to whether the group wanted to submit a new proposal to continue as a NC group. For the dairy side of the project, Milo Wiltbank has decided to leave the NC-1006 group and Allen Garverick will not be continuing in the group after the current proposal ends in 2007. A lengthy discussion occurred over the insensitivity of the last collaborative projects and the last rewrite. In performing collaborative projects there is a tremendous amount of graduate student labor that is committed, but graduate students cannot use these projects as their thesis work creating addition work for the student and the advisor. Expectations from the last rewrite varied from the different review groups, and a tremendous amount of detail was required for the collaborative projects. After a lengthy discussion on whether the group wanted to continue and the potential effect on funding to individual stations if NC-1006 did not continue, the group eventually decided to submit a new five-year project proposal (Cliff Lamb made a motion that NC-1006 submit a new five-year project/Rebecca Krisher seconded the motion/the motion passed unanimously). It was decided that we need 1 person to compile all the sections of the proposal. However, everyone will contribute a description of their collaborative projects to the proposal. Cliff Lamb and Paul Fricke volunteered to take the lead on the assembly of the proposal and Jeff Stevenson volunteered to write the justification. The next few hours were spent on developing 2 objectives. These objectives were agreed on 1) Elucidation of mechanisms effecting reproductive efficiency in cattle and 2) Development of reliable, efficient, and economical breeding protocols for cattle. It was decided by the group that instead of having 1 project that was replicated over several stations, several stations would team together to complete more specific projects for the proposed objectives. Deb Hamernik gave a report on USDA and changes that are occurring this year with NRI proposals. Jim Kinder gave a report over the submission and review process for the new NC-1006 proposal. Before adjourning for the evening the group decided to meet next year in St. Louis on September 6th and 7th at any hotel beside the current one. Allen Garverick volunteered to find a better hotel and to make the reservations for about 15 rooms. To facilitate station reports, Allen volunteered to bring a LCD projector next year. Friday, September 15: The group continued its meeting Friday morning with station reports. Station Reports need to be emailed to Paul Fricke by Friday September 22. The meeting was adjourned at 11:45 am. Name - Station - email address George Perry, South Dakota, george.perry@sdstate.edu Allen Garverick, Missouri, garverickh@missouri.edu Deb Hamernik, USDA-CSREES, dhamernik@csrees.usda.gov Rebecca Krisher, Indiana, rKrisher@purdue.edu Cliff Lamb, Minnesota, clamb@umn.edu Paul Fricke, Wisconsin, pmfricke@wisc.edu Bob Cushman, USDA-MARC, cushman@email.marc.usda.gov Jeff Stevenson, Kansas, jss@ksu.edu Bill Silvia, Kentucky, wsilvia@uky.edu Darrel Kesler, Illinois, djkesler@uiuc.edu Carolyn Komar, Iowa, ckomar@iastate.edu Jim Kinder, Ohio, kinder.15@osu.edu Rick Funston, Nebraska, rfunston2@unl.edu This group represents 5.95 FTEs of research, 1.85 FTEs of teaching, and 2.20 FTEs of extension.

Accomplishments

Collaborative studies: Cooperative Dairy Project (Station participants: Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) Hypotheses 1. Noncycling dairy cows can be identified by heat-detection patches (Kamar), or 1 or 2 transrectal ultrasonographic ovarian exams. 2. Noncycling dairy cows have improved pregnancy rates after treatment with progesterone and GnRH. 3. Altering timing of AI relative to an Ovsynch-like protocol will maximize pregnancy rates in noncycling and cycling dairy cows. Objectives 1. To determine whether noncycling dairy cows: a. Can be identified accurately by use of a heat-detection patch (Kamar). b. Can be identified accurately by 1 (10 days before timed AI or TAI) or 2 (3 and 10 days before TAI) ultrasonographic exams. c. Pregnancy rates can be improved by insertion of an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR) in conjunction with an Presynch + Ovsynch ovulation-synchronization breeding protocol. d. Pregnancy rates can be improved by altering timing of AI to occur concurrent with GnRH or 24 h after GnRH injection. e. Pregnancy loss may be reduced by previous exposure to the CIDR or altered timing of TAI. 2. To ascertain whether pregnancy rates and pregnancy loss of cycling dairy cows are improved by altering timing of AI to occur concurrent with GnRH or 24 h after GnRH injection. Experimental Approach All cows will receive 2 injections of PGF2± 14 days apart, with the second injection given 14 days before initiating the Ovsynch protocol [first Presynch injections should begin between 30 and 40 days postpartum so first services (TAI) occur from 67-68 to 80-81days]. Noncycling cows. One-half of the noncycling cows verified by ultrasound ovarian exam on day 28 of the protocol (first injection of GnRH) will be treated for 7 days with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR) during the first 7 days of the Ovsynch protocol and one-half will serve as controls without the CIDR insert. Within each group of noncycling cows (CIDR vs. no CIDR), cows will be re-randomized to be inseminated: 1) concurrently with the injection of GnRH at 48 h after the PGF2± injection of Ovsynch; or 2) 24 h after the injection of GnRH (GnRH given at 48 h after PGF2± of Ovsynch). Thus, 4 treatments of noncycling cows will be formed: GnRH48 + TAI48 + CIDR; GnRH48 + TAI48 + No CIDR; GnRH48 + TAI72 + CIDR; and GnRH48 + TAI72 + No CIDR. Control cows. Control cycling cows will be treated with the Ovsynch protocol, but inseminated (as noncycling cows): 1) concurrently with the injection of GnRH at 48 h after the PGF2± injection of Ovsynch; or 2) 24 h after the injection of GnRH (GnRH given at 48 h after PGF2± of Ovsynch). Thus, 2 treatments of control cycling cows will be formed (GnRH48+TAI48 and GnRH48+TAI72). Results Kamar patches in place during 4 wk before the initiation of the Ovsynch protocol overestimated the proportion of cows, whose status was later verified by serum concentrations of progesterone, which have had previous estrous cycles (gold standard is based on 3 blood samples collected before the 2 Presynch injections and the first GnRH injection of Ovsynch). Ultrasound underestimated the proportion of cycling cows probably by classifying proestrous, estrous (not detected), and metestrous cows not having a CL as noncycling or anestrous cows. For control cows (those classified as cycling by ultrasound and serum progesterone), Kamars overestimated cycling activity by ultrasound and slightly underestimated cycling activity in cows verified by serum progesterone. Pregnancy rates at day 33, day 61, and pregnancy losses did not differ (P > 0.20) between cows classified as anestrous that received a CIDR insert compared with those anestrous cows that did not received a CIDR. Although pregnancy rates at days 33 and 61 were numerically greater for control cycling cows inseminated 24 h after GnRH, no differences were detected (P > 0.020). Further, timing of AI in anestrous cows did not seem to differ, but cows receiving a CIDR insert always had numerically better fertility. Cows classified as anestrous had reduced (P < 0.01) pregnancy rates at days 33 and 61 compared with cycling control cows. Pregnancy losses were numerically smaller in those cows previously treated with a CIDR insert, but did not differ from those losses detected in previously cycling control cows. Pregnancy rate at day 31 is shown when categorized by cycling status that was determined by serum progesterone. Accomplishments: 1. In lactating dairy cows whose estrous cycles were presynchronized before applying a TAI protocol (Ovsynch), delaying the PGF2a injection of Ovsynch by 24 h, had little effect on outcomes, but delaying by 48 h might reduce conception rates. 2. In lactating dairy cows, Kamar patches in place during 4 wk before initiating a TAI protocol (Ovsynch) overestimated previous estrual activity in cows subsequently classified as anestrus. Kamars overestimated previous estrual activity compared with 1 ultrasound exam conducted before the first GnRH injection of Ovsynch. Kamars slightly underestimated previous estrual activity in cows later classified as cycling. Fertility (pregnancy rate or pregnancy loss) was not improved significantly by addition of the CIDR insert to cows identified as anestrus. Cows previously identified as anestrus, however, had reduced pregnancy rates at days 33 and 61 (regardless of whether they received a CIDR insert) compared with control cows classified as cycling.

Impacts

  1. Our collaborative research has the potential to increase reproductive efficiency in dairy and beef cattle, which will prevent lost income associated with reproductive losses for the producer and increase profitability. Improved procedures for estrous synchronization in beef heifers and lactating dairy cows will increase farm income by increasing milk production, through reduced days open and genetic improvement (widespread use of artificial insemination). The increase in milk production is conservatively valued at $100/cow.
  2. Reports have indicated that the use of artificial insemination in the beef industry remains low (between 5 and 8% of producers) because of factors such as labor, time, and convenience. We have developed two short (less than 10 days) estrous synchronization systems that can be utilized by producers with 60 to 90 % pregnancy rates. One of those systems (CO-Synch+CIDR) is a fixed-time AI system that requires no detection of estrus, thus providing a protocol that reduces time associated with detection of estrus in beef herds.
  3. Developing methods to enhance response of follicles to fixed-time AI protocols is critical to enhancing overall pregnancy rates to those protocols. Therefore, the potential for the use of hCG in heifer estrous synchronization protocols could enhance fertility to heifers exposed to fixed-time AI and result in a greater proportion of AI sired calves. In addition, improvement in fertility will generate more interest by beef producers to utilize fixed-time AI estrous synchronization systems, thus enhancing the overall use of AI.
  4. Methods of concentrating the calving season and developing more uniform calf crops enhance the income generated for calves and also increase marketing opportunities of those calves. Therefore, altering the calving season through estrous synchronization of bull breeding herds has the potential to impact 90% of beef producers that do not utilize AI to alter their calving distribution.
  5. Synchronization of the return estrus in non-pregnant cows has application in herds that utilize a second AI. Concentrating the percentage of non-pregnant cows returning to estrus within a short window reduce the time associated with daily estrus detection. Therefore, we have demonstrated that cows can be effectively resynchronized with a CIDR and inseminated within a short window of time after CIDR removal.
  6. Applying an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert for 7 d beginning at 6 to 8 days after insemination or injecting hCG once during the same period resulted in an 4.5 to 5.3 percentage improvement in pregnancy rate. In other words, for every 100 cows inseminated, 4 to 5 more cows would become pregnant each week, if treated as described. When a cow that produces 100 pounds of milk per day (valued from $12/lb) and fails to conceive, an opportunity is lost for a minimum of 3 to 7 weeks. That loss is valued at $4 per day. Therefore, improving pregnancy rates would reduce lost income of $81 to 196 per cow. For a 100-cow dairy, this loss would range from $8,100 to 19,600 per year.
  7. Improvement of in vitro embryo production techniques could improve reproductive efficiency in cattle by accelerating genetic progress on females vs. males. When combined with genetic selection of males using artificial insemination, increases in milk production per cow could increase dairy farm profitability.
  8. These data suggest that a once-used CIDR may be used for resynchronization without compromising the conception rate. This would permit producers to increase AI calve production by roughly 25% and reduce the number of clean-up bulls needed allowing for increased profits and improved quality of life. Using a conservative published estimate of the greater value of AI calves, resynchronization could increase profits of a 100-cow herd by at least $3,350.
  9. Results from current and ongoing research have been used to make recommendations to over 1,200 stakeholders and their consultants in Wisconsin and throughout the U.S. regarding implementation of systematic synchronization and resynchronization systems for lactating dairy cows as well as timing and methods for pregnancy diagnosis. Data generated in these projects has been published in scientific journals and included in numerous extension proceedings.
  10. PPAR has been detected in ovarian tissue from cattle and activation of PPAR in late stage luteal tissue inhibited progesterone production. PPARgamma is activated by factors in an animals diet (fatty acids) and environment (phytoestrogens). Therefore, this transcription factor may mediate the influence of nutrition on ovarian gene expression, affecting female fertility.
  11. Genistein, a phytoestrogen found in various cattle feedstuffs, can alter the expression of enzymes involved in steroidogenesis. This may be one mechanism by which feeds high in phytoestrogens cause reproductive problems such as irregular estrus, cystic ovaries, and decreased conception rates.
  12. There may be regional specificity within the pituitary regarding the differentiation and transformation of mammotrophs as the animal ages to control PRL and growth hormone secretion. These findings indicate coordinated development of somatomammotrophes with animal growth. Interruption of this relationship may delay growth and decrease production efficiency.
  13. Completion of the cooperative proposal will define optimum breeding time relative to GnRH injection and the ability to identify anestrus during the postpartum period with heat detection devices.
  14. Insemination of cows that have not seen a preovulatory rise in estradiol may have decreased pregnancy rates as a result of improper uterine environment at time of insemination.
  15. Total pounds of calf weaned influences profitability for the cow-calf producer. We have validated a polymorphism in the Osteopontin gene as a genetic marker for birth weight and weaning weight in the USMARC Twinning population and examined its association with reproductive phenotypes (ovulation rate and twinning). Results show that the favorable allele increases birth weight and weaning weight in singletons without negatively affecting reproduction and could increase calf survival. In offspring homozygous for the positive allele, increasing weaning weight by 23 lbs could increase profits per cow substantially.
  16. Improved procedures for estrous synchronization in heifers and lactating dairy cows will increase farm income by increasing milk production, through reduced days open and genetic improvement (widespread use of artificial insemination). The increase in milk production is conservatively valued at $100/cow.

Publications

Minnesota: Journal Articles Lamb, G.C., J.E. Larson, T.W. Geary, J.S. Stevenson, S.K. Johnson, M.L. Day, R. P. Ansotegui, D. J. Kesler, J.M. DeJarnette, and D. Landblom. 2004. Synchronization of estrus and artificial insemination in replacement beef heifers using GnRH, PGF2a and progesterone. J. Anim. Sci. (In press). Santos, N.R., G.C. Lamb, H.B. Roman, R.O. Gilbert. Postpartum endometrial cytology in beef cows. Theriogenology (In press). Larson, J. E., G. C. Lamb, J. S. Stevenson, S. K. Johnson, M. L. Day, T. W. Geary, D. J. Kesler, J. M. DeJarnette, F. N. Schrick, A. DiCostanzo, and J. D. Arseneau. 2006. Synchronization of estrus in suckled beef cows for detected estrus and artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2alpha, and progesterone. J. Anim. Sci. 84:332-342. Conference Proceedings Lamb, G.C. 2005. A case for fall calving. 2005 MN Cow/Calf Day Report 21-27. Lamb, G.C. 2005. The nutritional needs of the first calf heifer. 66th Minnesota Nutrition Conference Proceedings 245-254. Lamb, G.C. 2005. How to Get Cows Pregnant for the Purebred and Commercial Sectors of the Beef Industry  Using GnRH and CIDRs. 37th Beef Improvement Federation Annual Conference Proceedings 11-23. Lamb, G.C. 2005. Donor and recipient factors affecting an embryo transfer program. 2005 American Embryo Transfer Association and Canadian Embryo Transfer Association Joint Convention Proceedings 76-83. Lamb, G.C., J.E. Larson, G. Marquenzini, J Vasconcelos. 2005. Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates in an IVF Embryo Transfer Program. 2005 American Embryo Transfer Association and Canadian Embryo Transfer Association Joint Convention Proceedings 31-36. Lamb, G.C. and J.E. Larson. 2005. Review of Estrous Synchronization Systems:CIDR. 3rd Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, Reno, NV pp 83-94. Lamb, G.C. and J.E. Larson. 2005. Review of Estrous Synchronization Systems - CIDR. 4th Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, Lexington, KY pp 92-104. Lamb, G.C. and J.E. Larson. 2005. Review of Estrous Synchronization Systems - CIDR. 5th Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, College Station, TX pp 95-105. Lamb, G.C. 2005. Factors affecting and embryo transfer program. 3rd Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, Reno, NV pp 223-232. Lamb, G.C. 2005. Factors affecting and embryo transfer program. 4th Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, Lexington, KY pp 257-267. Lamb, G.C. 2005. Ultrasound  early pregnancy diagnosis and fetal sexing. 3rd Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, Reno, NV pp 253-262. Lamb, G.C. 2005. Ultrasound  early pregnancy diagnosis and fetal sexing. 4th Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle, Reno, NV pp 268-278. Abstracts Santos, N.R., G. C Lamb, H. B. Roman, R. O. Gilbert. 2005. Postpartum endometrial cytology in beef cows. Society for Theriogenology (Abstract). Carriquiry, M., W. J. Weber, C. R. Dahlen, G. C. Lamb, and B. A. Crooker. 2005. Effects of bST and dietary fat in early lactation on lactational performance of Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl. 1):179. Dilorenzo, N., C.R. Dahlen, A. DiCostanzo, and G.C. Lamb. Feedlot performance response by steers to oral doses of polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis or Fusobacterium necrophorum. J. Anim. Sci 83 (Suppl. 1):369. Thielen, K. N., J. E. Larson, B. J. Lovaas, D. J. Kesler, J. S. Stevenson, T. T. Martson and G. C. Lamb. 2006. Influence of CIDR insert after a fixed-time AI on pregnancy rates and return to estrus of nonpregnant cows. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1):432. Lamb, G. C., C. R. Dahlen, K. A. Vonnahme, G. R. Hansen, J. D. Arseneau, G. A. Perry, J. Clement, and J. D. Arthington. 2006. Effects of estrous synchronization with a CIDR prior to the breeding season in bull-breeding herds on pregnancy rates. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1):433. Wheaton, J.E. and G.C. Lamb. 2006. Induction of cyclicity in postpartum anestrous beef cows using progesterone, GnRH and estradiol cypionate (ECP). J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1):48. Carriquiry, M., C. R. Dahlen, W. J. Weber, G. C. Lamb, and B. A. Crooker. 2006. Bovine somatotropin and dietary fat enriched with omega-3 fatty acids in dairy cows: III. Postpartum ovarian activity. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1):346. Kansas: Journal Articles Blevins, C. A., J. E. Shirley, and J. S. Stevenson. Milking frequency, estradiol cypionate, and somatotropin influence lactation and reproduction in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89: In press. Stevenson, J. S., M. A. Portaluppi, D. E. Tenhouse, A. Lloyd, D. R. Eborn, S. Kacuba, and J. M. DeJarnette. Post-AI Interventions: Conception rates, pregnancy survival, and ovarian responses to GnRH, hCG, and progesterone. J. Dairy Sci. 89: In press. Stevenson, J.S., J.R. Pursley, H.A. Garverick, P.M. Fricke. D.J. Kesler, J.S. Ottobre, and M.C. Wiltbank. 2006. Treatment of cycling and noncycling lactating dairy cows with progesterone during Ovsynch. J. Dairy Sci. 89:2567-2578. Larson, J.E., G.C. Lamb, J.S. Stevenson, S.K. Johnson, M.K. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. DeJarnette, F.N. Schrick, A. DiConstanzo, and J.D. Arseneau. 2006. Synchronization of estrus in suckled beef cows for detected estrus and artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2", and progesterone. J. Anim. Sci. 84:332-342. Abstracts: Stevenson, J. S., M.A. Portaluppi, and D.E. Tenhouse. 2006. Delaying injection of prostaglandin F2"alpha in an Ovsynch protocol. J. Dairy. Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):149 (Abstr.). Stevenson, J. S., D.E. Tenhouse, M.A. Portaluppi, and A. Lloyd. 2006. Post-AI interventions in lactating dairy cattle. I. Ovarian responses to GnRH, hCG, and exogenous progesterone (CIDR). J. Dairy. Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):47 (Abstr.). Stevenson, J. S., D.E. Tenhouse, M.A. Portaluppi, D.R.Eborn, S. Kacuba, and J.M. DeJarnette. 2006. Post-AI interventions in lactating dairy cattle II. Conception rates and pregnancy survival in response to GnRH, hCG, and exogenous progesterone (CIDR). J. Dairy. Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):48 (Abstr.). Portaluppi, M.A., J.S. Stevenson, and D.E. Tenhouse. 2006. Timed AI conception rates after variations of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cattle. J. Dairy. Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):435 (Abstr.). Dobbins, C.A., D.E. Tenhouse, D.R.Eborn, K.R. Harmoney, S.K. Johnson, and J.S. Stevenson,. 2006. Conception rates after altered timing of AI associated with the CO-synch + CIDR protocol. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):50 (Abstr.). Thielen, K.N., J.E. Larson, B.J. Lovaas, D.J. Kesler, J.S. Stevenson, T.T. Marston, and G.C. Lamb. 2006. Influence of a CIDR insert after a fixed-time AI on pregnancy rates and return to estrus of nonpregnant cows. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):432 (Abstr.). Purdue: Journal Articles Herrick, J.R., Behboodi, E., Memili, E., Blash, S., Echelard, Y., Krisher, R.L. (2006) Metabolism, protein content and in vitro embryonic development of goat cumulus-oocyte complexes matured with physiological concentrations of glucose and L-lactate. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 73:256-266. Published Online: 25 Oct 2005. Herrick, J.R., Brad, A.M., Krisher, R.L. (2006) Chemical Manipulation of Glucose Metabolism in Porcine Oocytes: Effects on Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Maturation In Vitro. Reprod. 131: 289-298. Abstracts Krisher, R.L. (2005) Inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway results in meiotic arrest in porcine oocytes that can be overcome by the addition of pathway cofactors and end products. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:293 (abstr. 287). Tubman, L., Peter, A., Krisher, R.L. (2005) Effect of energy substrates on metabolism and meiosis of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:301 (abstr. 301). Paczkowski, M., Terry, D., Krisher, R. (2005) Differential Protein Expression of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes Derived from Gilts and Sows. Biology of Reproduction Suppl. Biol. Reprod. Special Issue abstr. 526:197. Tubman, L., Peter, A., Krisher, R.L. (2006) Pentose phosphate pathway activity controls nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18:279 (abst 344). Paczkowski, M., Terry, D., Bidwell, C., Krisher, R. (2006) Differential Gene and Protein Expression in Gilt and Sow Derived Oocytes. Proceedings, Midwestern ASAS. Krisher, R., Wulster-Radcliffe, M., Spurlock, M., Sturek, M. (2006) The Ossabaw Pig as a Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Experimental Biology; abst. 490.3. Krisher, R., Auer, A., Clark, K., Emsweller, K., Rogers, S., Thomas, K., Chatiza, F., Bartels, P. (2007) In vitro production of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) embryos. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. Accepted. Illinois: Journal Articles Larson, J.E., G.C. Lamb, J.S. Stevenson, S.K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. DeJarnette, F.N. Schrick, A. DiCostanzo, and J.D. Arseneau. 2006. Synchronization of estrus in suckled beef cows for detected estrus and artificial insemination and time artificial insemination using gonadogropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2", and progesterone. J. Anim. Sci. 84:332-342. Stevenson, J.S., J.R. Pursley, H.A. Garverick, P.M. Fricke, D.J. Kesler, J.S. Ottobre, and M.C. Wiltbank. 2006. Treatment of cycling and noncycling lactating dairy cows with progesterone during ovsynch. J. Dairy Sci. 89:2567-2578. Wisconsin: Journal Articles Silva del Río, N., S. Stewart, P. Rapnicki, Y. M. Chang, and P. M. Fricke. An observational analysis of twin births, calf sex ratio, and calf mortality in Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. (In press). Caraviello, D. Z., K. A. Weigel, P. M. Fricke, M. C. Wiltbank, M. J. Florent, N. B. Cook, K. V. Nordlund, N. R. Zwald, and C. M. Rawson. Survey of management practices related to the reproductive performance of dairy cattle on large commercial farms in the United States. J. Dairy Sci. (In press). Chang, Y. M., O. González-Recio, K. A. Weigel, and P. M. Fricke. Genetic analysis of pregnancy rate with unknown voluntary waiting period in U.S. Holsteins using a threshold model. J. Dairy Sci. (In press). Caraviello, D. Z., K. A. Weigel, M. Craven, D. Gianola, N. B. Cook, K. V. Nordlund, P. M. Fricke, and M. C. Wiltbank. Analysis of the reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows on large dairy farms using machine learning algorithms. J. Dairy Sci. (In press). Caraviello, D. Z., K. A. Weigel, M. Craven, D. Gianola, N. Cook, K. Nordlund, P.M. Fricke, and M.C. Wiltbank. Predicting reproductive performance in Holstein cows using machine learning methods. J. Dairy Sci. (In press). Sterry, R. A., M. L. Welle, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Treatment with GnRH after first timed AI improves fertility in noncycling lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. (In press). Roberts, A. J., M. J. Al-Hassan, P. M. Fricke, and S. E. Echternkamp. 2006. Large variation in steroid concentrations and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins exists among individual small antral follicles collected from within cows at various stages of estrous cycle. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2714-2724. Rivera, H., R. A. Sterry, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Presynchronization with GnRH does not improve fertility to synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 89:3810-3816. Silva del Río, N., B. W. Kirkpatrick, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Observed frequency of monozygotic twinning in Holstein dairy cattle. Theriogenology 66:1292-1299. Stevenson, J. S., J. R. Pursley, P. M. Fricke, H. A. Garverick, D. J. Kesler, J. S. Ottobre, and M. C. Wiltbank. 2006. Treatment of cycling and noncycling lactating dairy cows with progesterone during Ovsynch. J. Dairy Sci. 89:25672578. Sterry, R. A., M. L. Welle, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Effect of interval from timed AI to initiation of resynchronization of ovulation on fertility of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:2099-2109. Wilson, R. D., P. M. Fricke, M. L. Leibfried-Rutledge, J.J. Rutledge, C. M. Syverson Penfield, and K. A. Weigel. 2006. In vitro production of bovine embryos using sex-sorted sperm. Theriogenology 65:1007-1015. Refereed Abstracts Sterry, R. A., P. Jardon, B. Ryzebol, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Effect of timing of the second GnRH injection of a timed AI protocol on fertility of lactating Holstein cows after first postpartum and Resynch AI services. J. Dairy Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):49. Silva, E. B. P., R. A. Sterry, D. Kolb, N. Mathialagan, M. F. McGrath, J. M. Ballam, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis in Holstein cows using transrectal ultrasonography based on a serum pregnancy associated glycoprotein (PAG) ELISA. J. Dairy Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):204. Silva, E. P. B., R. A. Sterry, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Assessment of a practical method for identifying anovular dairy cows synchronized for first postpartum timed artificial insemination. J. Dairy Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):205. Fricke, P. M. 2006. Invited: ADSA Southern Section Symposium - Practical and Applied Approaches to Managing Dairy Businessis in the Future: Future Challenges for Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):271. Watters, R. D., M. C. Wiltbank, P. M. Fricke, J. N. Guenther, A. E. Kulick, and R. R. Grummer. 2006. Effect of dry period duration on reproductive measures during the subsequent lactation in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):271. Jordan, E. R., J. S. Stevenson, P. M. Fricke, and M. Overton. 2006. Invited: ADSA Production Division, Dairy Reproduction Terminology Workshop. J. Dairy Sci. 89(Suppl. 1):382. Fricke, P. M., R. A. Sterry, and E. P. B. Silva. 2006. Invited: Systematic Synchronization and Resynchronization Systems for Managing Reproduction in Lactating Dairy Cows. Midwest Branch ADSA Meetings, Des Moines, IA, Abstract 279, p. 88-89. Sterry, R. A., E. P. B. Silva, D. Kolb, M. L. Welle, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Administration of GnRH 5 days after first timed artificial insemination improves fertility in anovular lactating dairy cows. Midwest Branch ADSA Meetings, Des Moines, IA, Abstract 209, p. 66. Sterry, R. A., M. L. Welle, and P. M. Fricke. 2005. Effect of GnRH or CIDR inserts administered early after first timed insemination on fertility of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88(Suppl. 1):87. Conference Proceedings Fricke, P. M. 2006. Synch Programs and Ultrasound  Are We Getting in There Too Early? Proc. Am. Assoc. Bovine Pract., September 23, St. Paul, MN. Sterry, R. A., M. L. Welle, and P. M. Fricke. 2006. Post-Breeding Treatments to Improve Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows, Proc. Am. Assoc. Bovine Pract., September 23, St. Paul, MN. Watters, R., P. M. Fricke, M. C. Wiltbank, P. Clark, and R. R. Grummer. 2006. Impact of dry period length. Proc. Four-State Nutrition and Management Conference, June 14, Dubuque, IA. MWPS-4SD19, pp. 49-54. Fricke, P. M. 2006. When to Preg Check and Why. Proc. Four-State Nutrition and Management Conference, June 14, Dubuque, IA. MWPS-4SD19, pp. 55-64. Fricke, P. M. 2006. Reproduction research update. University of Minnesota School of Veterinary Medicine Spring Dairy Conference May 16, St. Paul, MN. Iowa: Journal Articles Bridges, P. J., Komar, C. M., and Fortune, J. E. (2006) Gonadotropin-induced expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and secretion of prostaglandins E and F2± in bovine preovulatory follicles are regulated by the progesterone receptor. Endocrinology. In press. Banerjee, J., Long, M. J. and Komar, C. M. (2006) Effects of LH on PPAR³ in the rat ovary before and after the gonadotropin surge. Reproduction. 131:93-101. Abstracts Luense, L. J., Hopkins, S. M., and Komar, C. M. (2006) Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ³ (PPAR³) expression in the bovine ovary and its role in luteal progesterone production. Biology of Reproduction. (Suppl 1) 39th meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction. Omaha, Nebraska. #67. Komar, C. M. and Long, M. J. (2006) The role of FSH in the initiation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR³) expression in the neonatal rat ovary. The Endocrine Societys 88thAnnual Meeting, Boston, MA. Abstract # P1-386. Journal Articles Stevenson JS, Pursley JR, Garverick HA, Fricke PM, Kesler DJ, Ottobre JS, Wiltbank MC. Treatment of cycling and noncycling lactating dairy cows with progesterone during Ovsynch. 2006. J Dairy Sci. 897:2567-78. South Dakota: Journal Articles MacNeil, M. D., T. W. Geary, G. A. Perry, A. J. Roberts, and L. J. Alexander. 2006. Genetic partitioning of variation in ovulatory follicle size and probability of pregnancy. Journal of Animal Science 84:1646-1650. Abstracts Perry, G. A., and B. L. Perry. 2006. Influence of preovulatory concentrations of estradiol on interval to ovulation and uterine pH. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):149 Abstr. 201 Nelson, J. R., B. L. Perry, and G. A. Perry. 2006. Effects of standing estrus and concentrations of estradiol on uterine pH. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):451 Abstr. 637 Engel, C. L., H. H. Patterson, B. L. Perry, and G. A. Perry. 2006. Evaluation of reproduction and blood metabolites in heifers fed dried distillers grains plus solubles or soybean hulls during late gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):126 Abstr. W163 Engel, C. L., H. H. Patterson, and G. A. Perry. 2006. Evaluation of dried distillers grains plus solubles compared to soybean hulls as a feedstuff for heifers during the last trimester of gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):351 Abstr. 219 Daniel, J. A., G. A. Perry, and A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2006. Impact of exogenous ghrelin administration on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):205 Abstr. T141 Lamb, G. C., C. R. Dahlen, K. A. Vonnahme, G. R. Hansen, J. D. Arseneau, G. A. Perry, J. Clement, and J. D. Arthington.Effects of estrous synchronization with a CIDR prior to the breeding season in bull-breeding herds on pregnancy rates. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):433 Abstr. 580 Conference Proceedings Pruitt, R. J., J. A. Clapper, W. B. Epperson, and G. A. Perry. 2006. Corn germ as a source of supplemental fat for cows in late gestation. . Proceedings of the Western Section American Society of Animal Science. Logan, Utah, June 20-22 2006 56:409-412. Smith, M. F., G. A. Perry, J. A. Atkins, D. C. Busch, and D. J. Patterson. 2005. Physiological principals underlying synchronization of estrus. Proceedings of the Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Workshop. St. Joseph, Missouri, August 30-31, 2006 pp. 9-32. Perry, G. A. 2005. Factors that influence fertility in natural and synchronized breeding programs. Proceedings of the Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Workshop. St. Joseph, Missouri, August 30-31, 2006 pp. 145-162. USDA MARC: Journal Articles Allan MF, Thallman RM, Cushman RA, Echternkamp SE, White SN, Kuehn LA, Casas E, Smith TPL. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in SPP1 with growth traits and twinning in a population selected for twinning rate. (In press, J Anim Sci). Cushman RA, Allan MF, Jones SA, Rupp GP, Echternkamp SE. Localization of Period 1 mRNA in the ruminant oocyte and investigations of its role in ovarian function. (In press, Anim Reprod Sci). Abstracts Echternkamp SE, Cushman RA, Allan MF. Relationship of circulating progesterone concentrations to ovulation rate and fertility in cattle selected for twin ovulations. Biol Reprod 2006; (Special Issue):301. Cushman RA, Allan MF, Clopton DT, Echternkamp SE, Cupp AS. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling blocks primordial follicle activation in bovine ovarian cortical cultures. Biol Reprod 2006; (Special Issue):325. Echternkamp SE, Cushman RA, Allan MF, Gregory KE. Effects of ovulation rate and fetal number on fertility in twin-producing cattle. J Anim Sci 2006; 84(Suppl 1):209. Cushman RA, Allan MF, Jones SA, Rupp GP, Echternkamp SE. Localization of Period 1 mRNA in the ruminant oocyte and investigations of its role in ovarian function. J Aim Sci 2006; 84 (Suppl 1):641. Bennett GL, Allan MF, Cushman RA, Echternkamp SE. Observed and predicted numbers of single, twin, and triplet births in a cattle population selected for increased twinning. J Anim Sci 2006; 84(Suppl 1):135. Cushman R, Allan M, Christenson R, Echternkamp S. Comparison of pregnancy rate, luteal characteristics, and luteal function between unilateral and bilateral double ovulations. J Anim Sci 2006; (Midwest Animal Science Abstracts):301. Echternkamp SE, Green JA, Vonnahme KA, Cushman RA, Allan M. Relationship between pregnancy associated glycoproteins in maternal blood and fetal number and status in pregnant cows. J Anim Sci 2006; (Midwest Animal Science Abstracts):300. Kentucky: Journal Articles Kasimanickam, R., R.L. Nebel, I.D. Peeler, W.J. Silvia, K.T. Wolf, A.J. McAllister, B.G. Cassell. 2006. Breed differences in competitive indices of Holstein and Jersey bulls and their association with sperm DNA fragmentation index and plasma membrane integrity. Theriogenology 66:1307-1315. Hatler, T.B., S.H. Hayes, L.H. Anderson and W.J. Silvia. 2006. Effect of a single injection of progesterone on ovarian follicular cysts in lactating dairy cows. The Veterinary Journal 172: 329-333. Nebraska: Publications: Journal Articles Stalker, L.A., D.C. Adams, T.J. Klopfenstein, D.M. Feuz, and R.N. Funston . 2006. Effects of pre- and postpartum nutrition on reproduction in spring calving cows and calf feedlot performance. J. Anim Sci. 84:2582 Martin, J.L., K.A. Vonnahme, D.C. Adams, G.P. Lardy, and R.N. Funston. 2006. Effects of dam nutrition on growth and reproductive performance of heifer calves. J. Anim. Sci. (submitted) Abstracts Harris, H.L., A.S. Cupp, A.J. Roberts, and R.N. Funston. 2006. Utilization of soybeans or corn milling co-products in beef heifer development diets. J. Anim. Sci. (submitted) Martin J., A. Cupp, R. Rasby, and R. Funston. 2006. Utilization of dried distillers grains for developing beef heifers. Midwest Sec.ASAS Abst. 311 Martin, J.L., K.A. Vonnahme, D.C. Adams, G.P. Lardy, and R.N. Funston. 2006. Effects of dam nutrition on growth and reproductive performance of heifer calves. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci.57:280 Martin, J.L., R.N. Funston, D.T. Clopton, H.L Harris, and A.S. Cupp. 2006. Vascular endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) 120 but not VEGF164 expression is increased in granulose cells of bovine dominant follicles due to nutrition. Biol. Reprod. (Suppl.1):148
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