Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting Call to order The meeting was called to order at 1:00 pm by Chair Emerson Shipe. The agenda was adjusted to allow Peter Bretting and Ann Marie Thro to drop in when they were between other sessions. Welcome Jerry Arkin, Administrative Advisor for S-9, informed the group of a recent move to create a National Crop Germplasm Committee, composed of personnel from USDA-ARS, CSREES, and the State Agricultural Experiment Station directors, to provide advocacy of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). He also updated the group on the review of NP301 in the USDA-ARS. Minutes and Committee Appointments Ken Quesenberry moved and Tom Isleib seconded that the minutes from the 2005 meeting in Knoxville, TN, (which had been circulated to members via email) be approved. The motion passed. Two committees were formed: 1. Officer nomination committee (Thomas Zimmerman, Ken Quesenberry, and Tom Isleib) and 2. Time and place committee for 2007 meeting (Don LaBonte and Tim Phillips). PGRCU Summary Gary Pederson gave a report on distribution of germplasm from Griffin over the past year, and a summary of activity there. He gave a hearty thumbs up for the Reigi weeder that they recently acquired. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center Francis Zee from Hilo, HI informed the group on the Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center. The first phase will completed by the end of 2006, with two more phases of development planned. In 1999 two new positions were added (plant pathologist and horticulturalist/plant physiologist). He reported that the research center is located on 33 acres of rocky (young lava) fields, with 200 inches of annual rainfall. Research is conducted on 13 tropical fruit crops. About 1000 accessions are housed there, with three scientists and eight technicians. Recent research has found that potassium chlorate (an ingredient in fireworks) triggers flowering in longan. Blueberry production is being evaluated in Hawaii as well. Lisa Keith, tropical fruit pathologist, reported on the 1993 outbreak of papaya ringspot virus. She said that transgenic work saved the industry, but anti-GMO sentiments are a problem. Peanut Curation Roy Pittman gave a report on peanut curation activity over the past year at Griffin. He mentioned work on tomato spotted wilt virus. Sorghum Curation John Erpelding, USDA-ARS-TARS (St. Croix and PR) discussed sorghum work that he has conducted. He said that bird problems necessitate bagging of seed heads. Grain mold under shade cloth production can be a problem, but some tolerant lines have been identified (but with high tannins). He said that the wild species collection is being regenerated. He reported on work in evaluating sorghum collections from Mali for Anthracnose resistance. Old Business The issue of the tobacco germplasm collection was discussed under old business. Committee Reports We discussed location of the meeting for 2007, and decided to meet in Charleston, SC on August 7-8, 2007. Dr. Richard Fery is the contact person there. Tim Phillips will serve as chair for the 2007 meeting. Ken Quesenberry moved and Fred Allen seconded that Tom Isleib be elected incoming secretary. Tom Isleib was elected by acclamation. New Business Tom Zimmerman moved that we extend an invitation to other regional curators in the S-9 area to be ex-officio members of the S-9 RTAC. The group strongly supported this, and unanimously recommended that we invite them to attend the meeting next year. Difficulties with distribution of cassava germplasm was mentioned, mainly regulation issues. Mari Marutani expressed thanks to Merrelyn Spinks, USDA-ARS IT specialist at Griffin, for the excellent contributions she makes to our RTAC in the form of the Excel spreadsheets of the material shipped to each state or area. It was recommended that we extend an invitation to Jennifer Nicholson, curator of tobacco germplasm at NCSU, to attend next years S-9 meeting. Peter Bretting and Ann Marie Thro discussed some issues from Washington, DC. The meeting was adjourned at 5:30 p.m.

The complete accomplishments section for the 2006 S-009 annual report is located at the S-009 website (www.ars-grin.gov/ars/SoAtlantic/Griffin/pgrcu/s9.html). A summary of the accomplishments from the Griffin location and S-009 cooperators is listed below. USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit: The germplasm collection at Griffin, Georgia has increased to 85,483 accessions of 246 genera and 1,473 species. In 2005, a total of 16,846 seed, tissue culture, and clonal accessions were distributed to researchers and educators in 592 orders to users in 44 states and 38 foreign countries. In the last year, 92% of the collection is backed up at the National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation, Ft. Collins, CO and 85% of the accessions are available for use by the research community. Cowpea regeneration was conducted by Graves Gillaspie, PGRCU, with 30 lines increased in the winter, 185 lines increased in Griffin, and 51 lines increased in Puerto Rico. Digital images of flowers (482 images), seeds (538 lines), and some leaves and pods were taken on regeneration plants and other lines in the cowpea core collection. One hundred forty one peanut accessions which include the mini core collection, known botanical varieties and near relatives of cultivated peanut were assessed for genetic diversity and identification to botanical variety by 35 SSR markers. Seed increases were obtained for 695 cultivated peanut accessions and 75 accessions of cultivated peanuts were processed through quarantine to be available for researchers. Regeneration of the entire bahiagrass collection (178 accessions) was initiated at Byron, GA, by Melanie Harrison-Dunn, PGRCU, with seed harvested from 106 accessions. A total of 69 accessions of minor grasses were transplanted to the field with seed successfully harvested from 53 accessions. A total of 841 images were entered in GRIN for 77 bamboo accessions, herbarium specimens for 143 accessions, photographs of 413 accessions, and whole plant images of 131 clonally maintained Cynodon accessions. A total 227 misc. legumes, new crops, and other misc. crops were regenerated by Brad Morris, PGRCU. Seed was harvested from an additional 25 accessions planted in 2004 that required two years to produce seed. A total of 48 self-pollinated annual clover accessions were regenerated in the greenhouse, and 38 annual clover accessions were regenerated in the field. Regeneration of sorghum accessions in St. Croix and Puerto Rico continued in coordination with the sorghum curator, John Erpelding. Over 1,480 accessions were sent to St. Croix for regeneration in 2005 and seed from regenerations of over 1,455 of those accessions has been sent to Griffin. Cleve Frank, ARS, at Lubbock, TX conducted a photoperiod sensitivity evaluation of over 8,500 sorghum accessions maintained only at Ft. Collins. A total of 2,121 sorghum accessions were identified as insensitive to photoperiod and seed were sent to Griffin to become part of the active collection. Bob Jarret, PGRCU, characterized 800 accessions of the Capsicum annuum (chile pepper) germplasm collection grown in the field and greenhouse via digital images and descriptors and uploaded the information onto the GRIN database. Seed lots from the Capsicum core collection were assayed for infection with pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) with about 15-20% of the accessions found to be infected. This information prompted a screening of the entire Capsicum collection for this virus. Molecular evaluations to determine phylogenetic relationships and/or genetic diversity present within plant genetic resource collections were conducted on 141 accessions from the peanut mini-core collection and wild relatives of peanut, 94 accessions from the pepper collection, and 26 accessions from the Crotalaria collection. A novel strain of alfalfa mosaic virus was detected in Crotalaria germplasm. In the last year, germination tests were conducted on over 8,690 accessions. Since 2002, germination tests have been conducted on 38.7% of the entire collection. Over 3,300 accessions were sent to Ft. Collins for new back up samples or replacement of other back up samples. Currently, almost 59% (over 49,800 accessions) of the collection has at least one sample in -18 C storage. Alabama: Sunn hemp, sericea lespedeza, clovers and Vicia species are being evaluated. Sunn hemp germplasm is being used for development of cultivars that can be used as fodder and as cover crops. The Texas collection of upland cotton (G. hirsutum) is being evaluated for resistance to reniform nematode, and tolerance or resistance to heat and drought stress. Florida: In the last year, 532 accessions of various plant species were distributed to scientists and other users in Florida. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) resistant germplasm was used to separate an unknown and novel virus from PRSV-W in mixed field infections. Hibiscus germplasm was used to augment the living Malvaceae collection at the University of South Florida Botanical Garden. Over 300 P. notatum and P. nicorae, P. quadrifarium and P. guaraniticum are under evaluation. An adult education horticulture program at Falkenburg Jaio has grown out over 400 pepper accessions from S9 for evaluation for flavor and heat. Hybrid cherry seed from Australia was cleared through quarantine and received. Cucurbita and Citrullus PI material is being utilized as sources of resistance to several potyviruses, phytophthora blight, and powdery mildew for introgression into squash and watermelon. A 2003 TSTAR grant was obtained to evaluate the morphological, agronomic, and chemical characteristics of Desmodium incanum accessions. Cymbopogon and Capsicum germplasm was used in research on herbs and plant material that have historical use for health related purposes. Four peanut accessions in a nitrogen fixation experiment. The University of Florida Peanut Breeding Program has 733 active breeding lines with at least one PI as a direct parent. Three new cultivars were released in 2006 and two of them trace their parentage to at least one PI. Georgia: A total of 554 plant accessions were distributed to University scientists, USDA scientists, consultants, seed companies, gardeners, and numerous individuals. The most requested crops were cultivated and wild peanut, cowpeas, warm season grasses, bamboo and various legumes. The University of Georgia has maintained a strong emphasis on plant breeding and continues to expand its advanced molecular biology programs. UGA currently has active cultivar development programs in soybean, peanut, small grains, cotton, turfgrasses, forages, blueberries, pecans, fruits, vegetables, and numerous ornamental crops that frequently utilize the plant genetic resource collections. In addition, research programs in crop science, horticulture, plant pathology, entomology and other disciplines utilize the genetic resources of the S-9 unit in both basic and applied research projects designed to address the needs of Georgia agriculture. Guam: During 2005-2006, the main activity of the project was to collect germplasm of hot peppers (Capsicum annuum and C. frutescens) for the field trials. Nearly 100 lines were obtained from commercial seed companies, Asian Vegetable Research Development Center, USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, and local collection. These hot pepper accessions will be evaluated in the 2006 field trial for general screening of tropical climate adaptation in Guam, marketable yield and fruit pungency. Three large-fruited heat tolerant tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) were studied for their total soluble sugar content and dry matter (%). USDA-NRCS, Pacific Island Area obtained eight accessions of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis for future cover crop studies. Hawaii: Germplasm requested in the last year includes gourds, eggplant, grasses, various legumes, peanuts, pearl millet, cowpea, and okra. Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) selections were evaluated for nut and kernel quality. Longan (Dimocarpus longan) trees are being evaluated for nutrient management and nutrient content of fruits. Rambutan (Nephelium lappacium) studies are underway to characterize the flowering pattern of rambutan cultivars grown on the eastern coast of the Island of Hawaii. Kentucky: Research is conducted on red, white, and kura clover breeding. Two new red clover cultivars were released (Kenton and Kenway). Other studies are conducted on sweet sorghum breeding and seed production. Desmodium species are being evaluated as reservoirs of viruses of soybean. Evaluations are underway on the winter hardiness of some of the warm season grasses in the S9 collection. Louisiana: Accessions of sweetpotato were obtained to screen germplasm for iron and zinc uptake potential. Initial results show about a two-fold variation among accessions in their ability to uptake these micronutrients. Additional germplasm was requested for on-going work towards developing resistance to various sweetpotato viruses. Germplasm requests for Ipomoea species were requested for varied systematic work. The Vigna collection is routinely assessed for resistance reactions to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola. The sorghum (Saccharum) collection is being used to make crosses to improve sugarcane. Work on legumes is focused on identifying other sources of isoflavones other than soybean. North Carolina: Faculty in the Crop Science and Horticultural Science Departments at NC State University conduct research on strawberry, blueberry, brambles, tree crops, ornamentals, maize, soybean, peanut, cotton, tobacco, small grains, turfgrasses, sweet potato, cucurbits, and other crops. Priorities have concentrated on incorporating disease and insect resistance, abiotic stress resistance, and quality factors into improved breeding lines and cultivars. Plant introductions are critical components of plant improvement programs. Germplasm collections are maintained for the U.S. Nicotiana cultivated and species collection, Arachis species, South American maize germplasm, and many accessions of soybean, blueberries, sweet potato and other crop species. A total of 4,094 accessions were distributed for research use in North Carolina in 2002-2005. A total of 4,871 accessions were filled by the curator of the United States Nicotiana Germplasm Collection held at North Carolina State University in 2000-2005. Cultivars, parental lines, and germplasm of cucumbers, maize, oat, peanut, soybean, sweetpotato, and tomato were released. Puerto Rico: Eighteen quenepa (Melicoccus bijugatus) cultivars, 14 guava accessions, and six banana clones are being evaluated. Yields of Estela tanier (Xanthosoma spp.) and Florida White were compared under humid upland conditions of Puerto Rico. Twelve Mayagüezano type mango clones and sweet cherry pepper (Capsicum chinense) accessions are being evaluated at Lajas. Mandarin orange cultivars and orange cultivars are being evaluated using different rootstocks. Fresh market tomato germplasm (eight cultivars) was evaluated at Juana Díaz. Open pollinated maize populations were selected for superior horticultural traits, including yield and insect resistance, in a recurrent selection breeding program. Sorghum and pigeonpea germplasm is being evaluated at Isabela and Mayaguez. Genetic improvement of three ornamental crops, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Leandra krugii and ornamental Musa sp., is being done at Lajas. South Carolina: A total of 2,950 germplasm accessions were distributed to individuals in South Carolina in 2005. These accessions included Citrullus spp. (watermelon), Capsicum (pepper), Vigna (cowpea), Ipomoea spp. (sweetpotato), Praecitrullus, Curcurbita, Zoysia (warm season grass), Hibiscus, and Miscanthus (warm season grass). Two-hundred eight soybean plant introductions (PIs) in maturity groups VI, VII, and VIII were obtained to evaluate for resistance to Asian soybean rust disease (ASR), Phakopsora pachyrhizi, in a field environment and identify resistant PIs. Twenty-four elite soybean breeding lines from the soybean breeding program were tested in a greenhouse to determine their suitability as hosts for reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. Tennessee: The following projects are being conducted at the University of Tennessee in which novel or exotic germplasm lines are being utilized in research projects. Recombinant inbred lines (RIL) are being developed from a cross between a prolific rooting line and a high leaflet orienting cultivar to develop near-isogenic lines that have leaflet orientation and prolific rooting trait combinations and compare their water-use relative to seed yield. Four new cross hybridizations have being initiated to expand diversity for applied variety development. Several populations are being grown by soybean breeders in different parts of the U.S. to select adapted lines for local conditions for potential new cultivars. Research is underway to incorporate genes from exotic maize germplasm into adapted U.S. maize germplasm. Currently 891 experimental hybrids from this project are in yield trials and 377 nursery rows are grown for inbreeding and selection. Three accessions of teosente were obtained from NCRPIS at Ames, Iowa and crossed with adapted corn. Virginia: Several accessions from the USDA plant germplasm collection were used for studies of systematics and genetic diversity at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. Vegetable soybean cultivars have been released through Virginia State University. Transformation experiments were conducted on a set of diverse eggplant cultivars to determine efficiency of transformation at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. Watermelon accessions were studied to determine their suitability for making watermelon rind pickle. Pepper germplasm was requested to use in classroom exercises to teach elementary school students about seed germination and seedling growth. These activities document the distribution and utilization of plant genetic resources, a primary objective of the regional project, the study of genetic relationships among crop plants and their wild relatives, and the release of new cultivars of crop plants, the cornerstone of agriculture.

USDA  Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit Barkley, N.A., M.L. Newman, M.L. Wang, M.W. Hotchkiss, and G.A. Pederson. 2005. Do not be bamboozled by bamboo: A molecular study of the USDA temperate bamboo collection. American Bamboo Soc. National Meeting Abstracts. Barkley, N.A., R.E. Dean, R.N. Pittman, M.L. Wang, C.C. Holbrook, and G.A. Pederson. 2006. Genetic diversity of the peanut mini core. American Peanut Research and Education Society abstracts, Savannah, GA. Brenner, D.M., T. Ayala Silva, B.C. Hellier, K.E. Hummer, M.M. Jenderek, L.F. Marek, J.B. Morris, R.L. Nelson, K.R. Reitsma, L.D. Robertson, S.M. Stieve, E.W. Stover, and M.P. Widrlechner. 2005. Genetic resources of Omega-3 fatty acid crops. In: Annual meeting abstracts [CDROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Gillaspie, A.G., Jr. 2006. New method for screening cowpea germ plasm for resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus. Plant Disease 90:611-614. Gorbet, D.W., B.L. Tillman, A.K. Culbreath, J.W. Todd, and R.N. Pittman. 2005. Relationship of resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt to Yield and Grade Factors. Proceedings American Peanut Research and Education Society 37:25. Gremillion, S.K., A.K. Culbreath, J.W. Todd, D.W. Gorbet, and R. Pittman. 2005. Durability of Leaf Spot Resistance in Advanced Peanut Breeding Lines in North and South America. Proceedings American Peanut Research and Education Society 37:36. Kays, S.E., J.B. Morris, and Y. Kim. 2006. Total and soluble dietary fiber variation in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (Guar). Journal of Food Quality 29:383-392. Morris, J.B. 2005. Regeneration of ten Trifolium species endemic to the central African continent. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 144:30-33. Morris, J.B., and B.M. Cunfer. 2006. Evaluation of subterranean clover germplasm for resistance to powdery mildew, 2000, 2002. Biological and Cultural Tests Online 21:1-2. Morris, J.B., and J.T. Walker. 2005. Velvetbean genotypes reduce nematodes. In: Annual meeting abstracts [CDROM]. 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Barkley, M.L. Newman, W. Kim, P. Raymer, and G.A. Pederson. 2006. Characterization of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) germplasm by transferred SSRs from wheat, maize and sorghum. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53:779-791. Wang, M.L., J.A. Mosjidis, J.B. Morris, R.E. Dean, T.M. Jenkins, and G.A. Pederson. 2006. Molecular genetic characterization of Crotolaria germplasm: Potential new crop for nematode control and nitrogen fixation. Plant and Animal Genome XIV, San Diego, CA. P138. Wang, M.L., J.A. Mosjidis, J.B. Morris, R.E. Dean, T.M. Jenkins, and G.A. Pederson. 2006. Genetic diversity of Crotalaria germplasm assessed through phylogenetic analysis of EST-SSR markers. Genome 49:707-715. Wang, M.L., M.L. Newman, Z. Chen, N.L. Barkley, R. Dean, and G.A. Pederson. 2005. Cynodon dactylon: A very dynamic species with extensive variation. II. Genetic variation. In: Annual meeting abstracts [CDROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Alabama Ji, Xiuhong, Ikhlas Khan, Jorge A. Mosjidis, Hui Wang and Peter Livant. 2005. Variability for the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Crotalaria juncea L. Pharmazie 60:620-622. Wehtje, Glenn and Jorge A. Mosjidis. 2005. Weed control in sericea lespedeza with Imazethapyr. Weed Technology 19:749-752. Shaik,S.A., T.H. Terrill, J.E. Miller, B. Kouakou, G. Kannan, R.M. Kaplan, J.M. Burke and J.A. Mosjidis. 2005. Anthelmintic effects of feeding sericea lespedeza hay to goats infected with Haemonchus contortus. Proceedings of the XX International Grassland Congress. Dublin, Ireland, June 26-July 1, 2005. Mosjidis, J. A., T.H. Terrill, and J.E. Miller. 2005. Method for the control of animal intestinal parasites. US Provisional Patent Application #60/642,253. Date Filed: 1/07/2005, Auburn University Technology Disclosure (AU#05-013) Mosjidis, Jorge A., and Kimberly A. Klingler. 2005. Genetic diversity in the core subset of the USA red clover germplasm. Annual Meeting Abstracts. Salt Lake City, UT. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. CD-ROM. Lange, K.C., Olcott, D.D., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., Burke, J.M. 2005. Effect of the condensed tannin containing forage, sericea lespedeza, fed as hay on natural and experimental challenge infection in lambs. 4th International workshop: Novel Approaches to the Control of Helminth Parasites of Livestock, 10 - 12 January, 2005 University Cultural Center, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Shaik,S.A., T.H. Terrill, J.E. Miller, B. Kouakou, G. Kannan, R.M. Kaplan, J.M. Burke and J.A. Mosjidis. 2005. Effects of feeding sericea lespedeza hay to goats infected with Haemonchus contortus. 4th International workshop: Novel Approaches to the Control of Helminth Parasites of Livestock,10-12 January, 2005, University Cultural Center, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México. Shaik,S. A., T. H. Terrill, B. Kouakou, G. Kannan, J. E. Miller, R. M. Kaplan, J. M. Burke, and J. A. Mosjidis. 2005. 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