Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

S1025 committee chair, Larry Jacobson, opened meeting at 1:30pm on June 7, 2006. He reported that S-1025 project has been approved by the Experiment Station directors a month ago. This is a five year (February 1, 2006 to September 30, 2011) new Hatch Multi-State project that replaces NC-189 and SC-291. Information about this project and the list of official members are on the web at http://www.nimss.umd.edu/homepages/home.cfm?trackID=4694. Typically each state/station has one designated or official representative but others individuals from that institution or state can and are encouraged to participate on the project. If you would are interested, please ask your states experiment stations representative to have your name added to the participation list in Appendix E. After introductions by each of the individuals in attendance, Wendy Powers, chair-elect, updated the group from last years (October 2005) committee meeting in Raleigh, North Carolina. Eight tasks were identified by the committee for action during the coming year. One of these eight tasks (critical issues list for assembling a competitive grant-writing team) was selected as the activity for the coming year. In Lieu of the absence of our new Administrative Advisor, Ron Lacewell and CSREES representatives Richard (Dick) Hegg or Ray Knighton, Dr. Jacobson informed the group that annual reports for the first year of this five year project are due in 60 days (August 6, 2006). Participants need to submit their state/station reports to S1025 Secretary Lingjuan Wang by June 30, 2006 using the designated form, so she has time to assemble them into a combined annual project report that will be uploaded to the project website. In response to a question about the functions of this committee, Larry Jacobson addressed that this and other multi-state committees generally plans and coordinates an annual meeting, reports air quality research through the National Information Management and Support System (NIMSS) annually and helps direct and guide research and extension projects by encouraging collaborations among members from different states. There was also discussion about how to draw interests from other disciplines and other research groups to this project. Incentives are needed for participation on the committee that will make this project multi-dimensional (multi-state as well as multi-discipline). Meeting attendees also gave brief (5 -10) minutes updates of their air quality activities from their state and/or organization The task of annual development of critical issues list for assembling a competitive grant-writing team was selected in last years committee meeting as top priority for the coming year. Larry Jacobson has led the effort to complete this task. The products of the effort are at least two proposals from the committee members that will be submitted to USDA NRI this year for funding. The group also discussed and identified the following two tasks for coming year: 1. evaluating/ peer-reviewing QAPP for the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) under EPA Air Consent Agreement 2. Assistance in three ASABE air quality related standards that are in the process of development: a. Standard for Air Quality Terminology b. Standard for Olfactometer Analyses c. Standard for Intensity Measurement of Odor Volunteers were asked to contact Al Heber at Purdue University for task #1, and Dick Nicolai at South Dakota State University will provide leadership in task 2 Ken Casey located at the Texas Agricultural Experimental Station in Amarillo, TX was selected as incoming Secretary of the committee. Next years meeting for S1025 will tentatively be held at the Omni Interlocken Resort in Broomfield, Colorado during the 4th International Conference on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operation (http://www.asabe.org/meetings/airwaste2007/index.htm) on September 15-19, 2007.

Activities for the reporting period focused on the following objectives: 1. Determine gaseous emission rates/factors of livestock facilities for representative housing types, manure-handling practices, and seasonal and regional differences typically encountered by the U.S. industry; 2. Quantify the efficacy of selected methods for aerial emissions abatement through dietary manipulation and manure management; 3. Provide research-based information that can be used for establishment of realistic guidelines on gaseous emissions from livestock operations; and 4. Educate industry stakeholders on means to minimize adverse impacts on environmental and natural resources while maintaining or improving their production efficiency. Specific accomplishments for the reporting period included: " Established a field research-based, foundational database on NH3, H2S, PM and odor emissions for poultry, swine, and dairy operations (MN, IA, IN, NC, TX, IL, NY); " Conducted a series of studies to evaluate the efficacies of various emission mitigation strategies for housing or lagoon/earthen basin emission. The strategies include vertical biofilter (SD and MN), windbreak shelterbelts (SD), vegetative buffers (DE), scrubber (NC), dietary manipulation (PA, IA), wetland filtration system for reducing swine odor (PA), surface aeration system/the aerator module (MN), dairy manure additive (DoL) for decreasing odor emission (MN), water sprinkler systems in reducing dust concentrations in commercial cattle feedlots (KS and TX). The effectiveness of charged water spray in reducing dust concentration is being investigated (KS); " Demonstrated that ammonia emissions can be reduced by 15% from broilers as a result of a specific diet strategy (IA, and MD); " Discovered that pH in a manure fermenter had a profound impact on the biological gas (hydrogen) production and was completely stalled when pH reached 4.0. To maintain a high rate of gas generation, the pH value in the fermenter liquid should be controlled above 5.0 (MN); " Revealed the impact of the belt slippage and dirty shutter on reduction of ventilation rate  30-60% reduction. (MN); " Revealed that proportionally more gas (H2S and NH3) and odor is emitted through the pit airstreams (by pit fans) than through the wall airstreams (by wall fans) (MN); " Conducted and completed performance evaluation of broiler chicken watering systems. Project results demonstrated that holding a nipple actuator open for one-minute resulted in significantly greater water flow rate than that seen when waterer is actuated with a more realistic bird pecking periodic impact and that watering systems that provided more water during the one-minute hold did not necessarily provide more water during bird pecking water flow. (PA). " Identified a process-based farm emissions model to estimate air ammonia emissions from a typically-designed NY dairy farm. The model will be run using several different operating conditions for an 800-milking cow central NY dairy farm. Input information specific to NY include monthly weather conditions (temperature and precipitation), herd management practice, manure storage design, and spreading methods. Results of this modeling effort will be compared to both literature results and future anticipated field ammonia sampling at this same sample farm (NY); " Modeled hydrogen sulfide emissions with two dispersion models and using a rank order comparison of data (not matched in space and time). Results showed the dispersion models (AERMOD in particular) may be useful in predicting maximum downwind concentrations over a period of time (MN); " A furnace which uses poultry manure as a fuel to heat broiler houses is being tested. Use of litter is intended to provide an alternate use of manure as opposed to land application. It is also a renewable biomass fuel which could offset significant consumption and combustion of propane and natural gas (fossil fuels) (AR); " Conducted a pilot-project bench-top laboratory study using a microtunnel apparatus to determine emission rates from a sample of 100 ml of fresh swine manure placed in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask at four different airflow rates. Findings indicate that even though gas (NH3 and H2S) concentration decreased with increasing airflow rate, the emission rate remained constant. In using SPME fibers, little collection of VOC was observed (MN); " Ambient background air hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations were collected at seven pork production facilities located in southern Minnesota using four Single Point Monitors (SPM) at each site. Background H2S concentrations are typically well below 17 ppb. Higher background concentrations are likely caused by farms within 0.5 mile or 1 mile at the maximum, although some background concentrations were low despite having a relatively large farm in close proximity while other sites recorded higher background concentrations in directions with no nearby farms (MN); " Developed a non-steady-state flux chamber instrumentation system that can quantify gas emissions using a photoacoustic muli-gas analyzer from naturally-ventilated dairy facilities. A steady-state flux chamber system was also developed for laboratory use with multiple chambers for direct comparison of gas emissions among up to five treatments plus one control; " Planned several ongoing projects on air emission monitoring and mitigation (AR), dietary study (MI), full-scale digester evaluation (MI), robust and low-cost instrument packages for measuring NH3 concentrations and fan airflow rates (NC); " Published the results of ammonia emissions from commercial broiler and layer houses, comparison of ammonia emissions from turkey brooder and grow-out houses when mechanical ventilation was in use (PA). A horse stabling design book, authored by IA, KS, and PA agricultural engineers and an Oklahoma horse specialist, was published through MidWest Plan Service that contained updated design information on ventilation and heating systems in addition to other facility topics. A second horse facilities book was submitted for publication through Blackwell for 2006 release; " Educated/trained industry, scholars and stakeholders on the findings to date of the above accomplishments through state, regional, and national meetings with each of the above audiences. Methods of information dissemination included workshop and conference settings, fact sheets and web-based delivery methods (All participants).

Handbook, Technical Bulletins, Theses, Dissertations and Circulars Dixon, Phillip. 2005. A design manual for the treatment of nitrate in dairy cow drinking water. Master of Engineering, Cornell University. Lefers, R. M. 1977.A design and analysis for a vertical bed biofilter and biofilter moisture control system. M.S. Thesis, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD. Wheeler, E., B. Koenig, J. Harmon, P. Murhpy and D. Freeman. 2005. Horse Facilities Handbook. MidWest Plan Service, Ames, IA. 232 pp. Journal Articles and Abstracts Angel R., W. Powers, S. Zamzow, and T. Applegate. 2006. Dietary modifications to reduce nitrogen consumption and excretion in broilers. Poultry Sci. Clanton, C. J., K. A. Janni, D. R. Schmidt, and M. I. Endres. 2005. Dolomitic Limestone Bedding Effects on Dairy Manure Characteristics. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 21(4):697-706. E. M. Govere, M Tonegawa, M.A. Bruns. E.F. Wheeler, P.H. Heinemann, K.E. Kephart and J. Dec. 2005. Deodorization of swine manure using minced horseradish roots and peroxides. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53:4880-4889. Gates, R.S., H. Xin, K.D. Casey, Y. Liang, E. F. Wheeler. 2005. Method for Measuring Ammonia Emission from Poultry Houses. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 4(3):622-634. Goodrich, P., D. Schmidt, and D. Haubenschild. 2005. Anaerobic digestion for energy and pollution control. Agr. Engng. Intl. Volume No. Manuscript EE 03 001. Vol. VII. Website: cigr-ejournal.tamu.edu. Guo H., L.D. Jacobson, D.R. Schmidt, R.E. Nicolai, J. Zhu, K.A. Janni. 2005. Development of OFFSET Model for Determination of Odour Annoyance Free Setback Distance from Animal Production Sites, Part II: Model Development and Evaluations. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 48(6): 2269-2276. Hoff, S.J., D.S. Bundy, M.A. Huebner, B.C. Zelle, L. D. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, J.Q. Ni, Y.Zhang, J.A. Koziel, D.B. Beasley. 2006. Emissions of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Odor Before, During and After Slurry Removal from a Deep-Pit Swine Finisher. Journal of Air & Waste Management Association. 56: 581-590. Jacobson, L.D., H.Guo, D.R. Schmidt, R.E. Nicolai, J. Zhu, K.A. Janni. 2005. Development of OFFSET Model for Determination of Odour Annoyance Free Setback Distance from Animal Production Sites, Part I: Review and Experiment. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 48(6): 2259-2268. Jerez, S.B, Y. Zhang, J. McClure, L. Jacobson, A. Heber, S. Hoff, J. Koziel, and D. Beasley. 2006. Comparison of measured total suspended particulate matter concentration using tapered element oscillating microbalance and a TSP sampler. Journal of Air & Waste Management Association. 56: 261-270. Liang, Y., H. Xin, E.F. Wheeler, R. S. Gates, H. Li, J.S. Zajaczkowski, P. Topper, K.D. Casey, B.R. Behrends, D.J. Burnham and F.J. Zajaczkowski. 2005. Ammonia emissions from U.S. laying hen houses in Iowa and Pennsylvania. Transactions of ASAE 48(5):1927-1941. Liang, Y, H. Xin H. Li, R.S. Gates, E.F. Wheeler and K.D. Casey. 2005. Effect of measurement interval on estimation of ammonia emission rates for layer houses. Transactions of ASAE: 49(1): 183-186. M. Haan, J. Russell, J. Davis, D. Morrical, D. Strohbehn, and W. Powers. 2006. Effect of grazing management on cattle distribution patterns. J. Anim. Sci. 84:. (Abstr.) M. Haan, J. Russell, D. Morrical, D. Strohbehn, W. Powers, J. Lawrence, and J. Kovar. 2006. Effects of grazing management on pasture characteristics affecting sediment and nutrient loads in surface waters. J. Anim. Sci.84:W64. (Abstr.) Powers, W., R. Angel, S. Zamzow, and T. Applegate. 2006. Reducing broiler air emissions through diet. Poultry Sci. Sabeh, N.C., E.F. Wheeler, D.M. Beyer and P.H. Heinemann. 2005. Environmental control strategies in Agaricus bisporus production rooms and their effects on mushroom quality. Mushroom News 53(1):6-12. Wang, L., D.B. Parker, C. B. Parnell, R.E. Lacey, and B.W. Shaw. 2006. Comparison of CALPUFF and ISCST3 Models for Determination of Odor Emission Rates. Journal of Atmospheric Environment. 40(2006):4663-4669. Wu, W., W. Powers, R. Angel, C.E.Hale III, and T. Applegate. 2006. Effect of diet on air emissions from laying hens of different ages. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Zhang, Z., J. Zhu, and K. J. Park. 2006. A Bench-Scale Aeration Study Using Batch Reactors on Swine Manure Stabilization to Control Odour in Post Treatment Storage. Water Research 40(1): 162-174. Conference Proceedings Angel, R., W. Powers, S. Bastyr, W. Wu, and T. Applegate. 2006. Dietary modifications to reduce air emissions from broiler chickens. Proceedings of the ESA Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. June 5-8, Potomac, MD. Ecological Society of America, Washington, D.C. Almuhanna, E.A., R.G. Maghirang, J.P. Murphy, and L.E. Erickson. 2006. Effectiveness of electrostatic-charged water spray in reducing dust concentration. ASABE Paper No. MC-06-2102. MidCentral Conference of the ASABE. Casey, K.D., R.S. Gates, A. Singh, A.J. Pescatore, E.F. Wheeler, H. Xin and Y. Liang. 2005. The effect of litter management on ammonia emissions from U.S. broiler chicken houses. In Proceedings Air and Waste Management Association 98th Annual Conference & Exhibition: Exploring Innovative Solutions. Paper No. 615. A&WMA. Pittsburgh, PA. 8 pp on CD. Clanton, C. J., D. R. Schmidt, B. C. Martinez, S. M. Hanni, and M. D. Tokah. 2006. Measuring Gas Emissions form Manure SamplesA Laboratory Pilot Study. Poster session. Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Bolger Conference Center. Potomac, MD. June 5-8. Costello, T. A., M. Lopez and L. A. Roe. 2005. Combustion of Poultry Litter for Space Heating. Presented at the 2005 ASAE Annual Meeting, Tampa, Florida, July 20, 2005.Goodrich, P. R., 2005. Future dairy manure management. Invited luncheon presentation at the Elite Producer Conference in Las Vegas NV. November 7-9. Farm Journal Media, Philadelphia PA. E.F. Wheeler, N.K. Diehl, J. L. Zajaczkowski, D. Brown. 2005. Horse Riding Arena Dust Measurements. Proceedings of the Seventh International Livestock Environment Symposium. Beijing, China. ASAE. St. Joseph, MI. pp. 171-178 Gates, R.S., K.D. Casey, A.J. Pescatore, E.F. Wheeler and H. Xin. 2005. Assessing annual U.S. broiler chicken house emissions. In Proceedings Air and Waste Management Association 98th Annual Conference & Exhibition: Exploring Innovative Solutions. Paper No.1292. A&WMA. Pittsburgh, PA. 8 pp on CD. Gates, R.S., H. Xin, E.F. Wheeler. 2005. Reducing Ammonia Emissions from Poultry Houses by Enhanced Manure and Diet Management. Final Report for US Department of Agriculture, Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems (IFAFS), Washington, DC. (bibliography of project publications) 7 pp. Gay, S.W., E.F. Wheeler, J.L. Zajaczkowski and P.A. Topper. 2005. Ammonia emissions from U.S. tom turkey grow out and brooder houses under cold weather mechanical ventilation. ASAE Annual International Meeting Paper No. 05-4034. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. 16 pp. Goodrich, P. R., D. Nelson, R. Huelskamp, D. Haubenschild, M. Drewitz, P. Burns, D. Schmidt, R. V. Morey. 2005. Comparison of fuel cell and a genset utilizing biogas. In Proceedings of the Manure management Symposium. San Antonio, TX January 5-7, 2005. Goodrich, P. R., R. V. Morey, D. Schmidt, P. Burns, M. Drewitz, D. Haubenschild, A. Bilek, D. Nelson, R. Huelskamp. 2005. Hydrogen and electrons from manure. Presented at the Water Environment Federation/US Environmental Protection Agency Regional Symposium-Innovative Uses of Agricultural Animal Manure, Biosolids and Paper Mill Residuals: Recycling of Non-Hazardous Organic Residuals to Products and Energy June 29 - July 1, 2005. Chicago, IL USA. Goodrich, P., D. Schmidt, and D. Haubenschild. 2006 Fuel cell operation on renewable biogs produce from livestock biomass. Presented at Fuel Cell 2006-Conference and exhibits on advancements in application and Technology, June 6-7 2006, Raleigh NC. Janni, K.A. L. D. Jacobson, R. E. Nicolai, B. Hetchler, and V. J. Johnson . 2005. Airflow reduction of large belt-driven exhaust ventilation fans with shutters and loose belts. IN: Proc. Seventh Int. Livestock Env. Sym., ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. pp. 245-251. Liang, Y., H. Xin, L. Hong, E.F. Wheeler, R.S. Gates. 2005. Effect of measurement intervals on estimation of annual emission rates from layer houses. ASAE Annual International Meeting Paper No. 05-0405. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. 5 pp. Liu, Z., L. Wang, D.B. Beasley. 2006. A review of emission models of ammonia released from broiler houses. ASABE Paper No.064101. Presented at the 2006 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual International Meeting, Portland, OR. Liu, Z., L. Wang, D.B. Beasley, E. Oviedo, R. Munilla, G.R. Baughman and C.M. Williams. 2006. Effect of litter moisture content on ammonia emissions from broiler operations. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. June5-8, 2006. Potomac, MD. Malone, G.W. 2005. Neighbor-relations and vegetative environmental buffer research update. Delmarva Poultry Industry Grower and Live Production Mtgs., Salisbury, MD. Malone, G.W. 2005. Planting trees around poultry farms to improve neighbor-relations. Somerset County Commission Mtg., Princess Anne, MD. Malone, G.W. 2005. The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms. Delaware Non-Point Sources Mtg., Lewis, DE Malone, G.W. 2005. Emission abatement strategies: Ammonia issues and regulations for poultry operations. Georgetown, DE. Malone, G.W. 2005. Design and implementation of vegetative environmental buffers for poultry farms. Maryland Natural Resource and Conservation Service. Salisbury, MD Malone, G.W. 2005. Vegetative environmental buffers. North Atlantic Poultry Health and Management Conf. Windsor Lock, CT. Malone, G.W. 2005. Emission abatement strategies. WV Poultry Growers Mtg. Moorefield, WV. Malone, G.W. 2005. Vegetative environmental buffers for poultry farms to improve neighbor relations. MD Dept. of Ag. Farming and Land Use Forum. Annapolis, MD. Malone, G.W. 2005. Planting trees around poultry farms to improve neighbor relations. Mountaire Farms Grower Workshop. Delmar, DE. Malone, G.W. 2005. Vegetative environmental buffers for poultry farms. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Mtg. Annapolis, MD. Malone, G.W. 2005. The benefits of planting trees around poultry farms. Texas Broiler Sym., Nacogdoches, TX. Malone, G.W. 2005. Planting trees around poultry farms. KY Poultry Federation Mtg. Princeton, KY. Malone, G.W. 2006. Design and implementation of vegetative environmental buffers for poultry farms. Virginia Natural Resource and Conservation Service. Salisbury, MD Mc Daniel, K. J., D. R. Schmidt, B. C. Martinez, and C. J. Clanton. 2006. Measuring Gas and Odor Emissions from Swine and Dairy Manure Using a Microtunnel. Proceedings of the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Bolger Conference Center. Potomac, MD. June 5-8. Nicolai, R.E., R.S. Lefers, S.H. Pohl. 2005. Configuration of a Vertical Biofilter. In Livestock Environment VII: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium, ed. Richard R. Stowell. Beijing, China. Powers, W., S. Bastyr, R. Angel, and T. Applegate, and B. Kerr. 2006. Effects of reduced crude protein diets on gaseous emissions and swine performance. Proceedings of the ESA Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. June 5-8, Potomac, MD. Ecological Society of America, Washington, D.C. Razote, E.B., R.G. Maghirang, J.P. Murphy, B.W. Auvermann, J.P. Harner, T. Pjesky, and W.L. Hargrove. 2005. Surface amendments for controlling dust emissions from cattle feedlots. ASAE Paper No 05-4008. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. Schmidt, D. R. and C. J. Clanton. 2005. Appendix to National Pork Board background H2S analysis for seven sites in Minnesota for data collected during 2002Data Analysis. Final Report. September 21, 2005. Topper, P.A. and E.F. Wheeler. 2005. Evaluation of Five Chicken Drinker Designs for Water Flow Rate During Finger Flow and Simulated Bird Flow. Final Report for Chore Time Corporation. The Pennsylvania State University, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University Park, PA. 41 pp. Vandevender, K. 2006. Arkansas swine odor survey. Workshop on Air Quality State of the Science, June 4-8, Potomac, MD. Van Wicklen, G. An assessment of the production benefits of planting trees around poultry farms. International Poultry Scientific Forum, Atlanta, GA. Wang, L., Z. Liu, D.B. Beasley, R. Munilla, G.R. Baughman, and E. Oviedo. 2006. Measuring ammonia emissions from broiler litter. ASABE Paper No.064189. Presented at the 2006 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual International Meeting, Portland, OR. Wheeler, E. F. 2005 (updated annually). Horse facility resources. Agricultural and Biological Engineering Fact Sheet G-106, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 2 pp. Wheeler, E.F., P.A. Topper, R.E. Graves and M.A. Bruns. 2005. Odor reduction in swine wastewater constructed wetland. ASAE Annual International Meeting Paper No. 05-4065. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. 25 pp. Wu, W., W. Powers, R. Angel, C. E. Hale III, and T. Applegate. 2006. Effect of diet on air emissions from laying hens of different ages. Proceedings of the ESA Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. June 5-8, Potomac, MD. Ecological Society of America, Washington, D.C.