SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: W102 : Integrated Methods of Parasite Control for Improved Livestock Production
- Period Covered: 10/01/2002 to 09/01/2003
- Date of Report: 12/23/2003
- Annual Meeting Dates: 09/27/2003 to 09/28/2003
Participants
Gasbarre, Louis - ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD; Klei, Thomas - Louisiana State University; Miller, James - Louisiana State University; Stromberg, Bert - University of Minnesota; Terrill, Tom - Fort Valley State Univeresity, guest.
The annual meeting was held in Beltsville, MD on September 27-28, 2003. The Chair was Jim Miller (LA) and the Secretary was Lou Gasbarre (USDA Beltsville). In addition, in attendance were Tom Klei (LA), Bert Stromberg (MN) and Tom Terril (guest, Fort Valley State Univesity). The main objective of the meeting was to discuss and lay the groundwork for the project renewal. It was emphasized that collaboration within the project and extension component to the project were very important. A draft document was prepared and a schedule of deadline dates for input was established. Station reports were presented. Suggested new members were Noelle Cockett (Utah State University), Joan Burke (USDA ARS Booneville, AR), David Horohov (University of Kentucky), Ken Turner (USDA ARS Beaver, WV), Tom Terril (Fort Valley State University, GA) and Stephan Wildeus (Virginia State University). The 2004 meeting will be held on July 28-29 following the AAVP in Philadelphia. Bert Stromberg was elected Member-At-Large.
[Minutes]
Accomplishments
Quebracho tannin containing supplement feed did not provide any beneficial effect for controlling Haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected and naturally challenged goats (VA).
Ponazuril was effective against Toxoplamsa gondii in vitro (VA).
Three of four Bacillus thuringiensis proteins were toxic to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. All four proteins were toxic to Caenorhabditis elegans (CA).
A new injectable formulation of eprinomectin effectively controled nematode infection in cattle throughout the grazing season (MN).
Vertical and horizontal transmission of Neospora caninum infection was demonstrated in cattle over a three year period (IL).
Oocysts of Neospora caninum produced by dogs that ingested infected calf tissues was 30-fold greater than the number of oocysts shed by dogs that ingested infected mice (IL).
The bradyzoite stage of Neospora caninum was induced to form in cell culture, and revealed evidence that encystment only occurs following invasion by organisms that have already begun bradyzoite differentiation (IL).
In efforts to clone and sequence genes thought to be involved with anthelmintic action and resistance, the beta subunit of the glutamate-gated chloride channel, and the full-length P-glycoprotein of C. nassatus (cyathostome) were both cloned and sequenced (GA).
The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on 15 sheep and 10 goat farms in Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, St. Croix, USVI, and Georgia using a larval development assay (DrenchRite.) showed that all farms demonstrated resistance to benzimidazoles, and about 1/3 of both sheep and goat farms demonstrated resistance to levamisole. Approximately 2/3 of sheep farms and 90% of goat farms demonstrated resistance to ivermectin (GA, LA).
FAMACHA validation demonstrated that this method was very effective in identifying anemia in both sheep and goats and subsequent need for anthelmintic treatment (GA, LA).
Moxidectin use on goat farms in Georgia demonstrated that on farms with a 2 to 3 year history of moxidectin use there was a high likelihood of resistance (GA).
A model for protective immunity against cyathostomes in horses suggests that immunity is express by increasing the number of hypobiotic L3 in the mucosa of young as compared to other groups. Total numbers of parasites were lowest in mature ponies indicating an acquired resistance occurs with age (LA).
Measurements on T cell cytiokine RNA levels from PBMC during the course of cyathostome infection in horses suggest that a Th-2 like response predominates (LA).
The fungus Duddingtonia flagrans continues to be effective against nematode larvae in sheep feces which reduces pasture infectivity and subsequent worm burden in tracer animals (LA).
QTL associated with resistance in Gulf Coast Native sheep were found on chromosomes 1 and 3 (LA).
Ponazuril was effective against Toxoplamsa gondii in vitro (VA).
Three of four Bacillus thuringiensis proteins were toxic to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. All four proteins were toxic to Caenorhabditis elegans (CA).
A new injectable formulation of eprinomectin effectively controled nematode infection in cattle throughout the grazing season (MN).
Vertical and horizontal transmission of Neospora caninum infection was demonstrated in cattle over a three year period (IL).
Oocysts of Neospora caninum produced by dogs that ingested infected calf tissues was 30-fold greater than the number of oocysts shed by dogs that ingested infected mice (IL).
The bradyzoite stage of Neospora caninum was induced to form in cell culture, and revealed evidence that encystment only occurs following invasion by organisms that have already begun bradyzoite differentiation (IL).
In efforts to clone and sequence genes thought to be involved with anthelmintic action and resistance, the beta subunit of the glutamate-gated chloride channel, and the full-length P-glycoprotein of C. nassatus (cyathostome) were both cloned and sequenced (GA).
The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on 15 sheep and 10 goat farms in Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, St. Croix, USVI, and Georgia using a larval development assay (DrenchRite.) showed that all farms demonstrated resistance to benzimidazoles, and about 1/3 of both sheep and goat farms demonstrated resistance to levamisole. Approximately 2/3 of sheep farms and 90% of goat farms demonstrated resistance to ivermectin (GA, LA).
FAMACHA validation demonstrated that this method was very effective in identifying anemia in both sheep and goats and subsequent need for anthelmintic treatment (GA, LA).
Moxidectin use on goat farms in Georgia demonstrated that on farms with a 2 to 3 year history of moxidectin use there was a high likelihood of resistance (GA).
A model for protective immunity against cyathostomes in horses suggests that immunity is express by increasing the number of hypobiotic L3 in the mucosa of young as compared to other groups. Total numbers of parasites were lowest in mature ponies indicating an acquired resistance occurs with age (LA).
Measurements on T cell cytiokine RNA levels from PBMC during the course of cyathostome infection in horses suggest that a Th-2 like response predominates (LA).
The fungus Duddingtonia flagrans continues to be effective against nematode larvae in sheep feces which reduces pasture infectivity and subsequent worm burden in tracer animals (LA).
QTL associated with resistance in Gulf Coast Native sheep were found on chromosomes 1 and 3 (LA).
Impacts
- FAMACHA is a tool that can be recommended to help reduce the number of anthelmintic treatments given to sheep and goats thus also reducing selection pressure for resistance, but without decreasing the effectiveness of overall nematode parasite control.
- Genetic markers may be useful in selection programs in sheep for resistance to nematode infection.
- A new formulation of eprinomectin may lead to the approval of a long acting compound that will help cattle producers control parasites over an entire grazing season.
- Ponazuril may be useful for controlling Toxoplasma gondii infections.
- Production of Neospora caninum bradyzoites in vitro allows study of factors that drive protozoal life cycles which may lead to efforts to development protozoal vaccines.
- Quebracho tannin containing supplement feed may not be useful for controlling Haemonchus contortus infection in goats.
- A better understanding of acquired response to cyathostome infection in horses will assist in the rational development of equine parasite control programs and future development of vaccines.
- Increased production of oocysts by dogs reverses previous observations of poor oocyst-production in Neospora caninum, which greatly increases the plausibility that dogs are important in the transmission of this parasite to cattle.
- Feeding Duddingtonia flagrans spores to grazing sheep may be useful for controlling nematode parasites.
Publications
Journal Articles:
Burke J.M. and Miller, J.E., 2002. Relative resistance of Dorper crossbred ewes to gastrointestinal nematode infection compared with St. Croix and Katahdin ewes in the southeastern United States. Vet Parasitol 109: 265-275.
Chapman, M.R., French, D.D. and Klei, T.R. 2002. Gastrointestinal helminths of ponies in Louisiana: a comparison of species currently prevalent with those present 20 years ago. J Parasitol 88: 1130-1134.
Chapman, M.R. French, D.D., Taylor, H.W., and Klei, T.R. 2002. One season of pasture exposure fails to induce a protective resistance to cyathostomes but increases numbers of hypobiotic third stage larvae. J Parasitol 88: 687-683.
Chrigwin, S.R., Porthouse, K.H., Nowling, J.M. and Klei, T.R. 2002. The filarial endosymbiont Wolbachia sp. is absent from Setaria equina. J Parasitol 88:1248-1250.
Dubey, J.P., Barr, B.C., Barta, J.R., Bjerkes, I., Bjvrkman, C., Blagburn, B.L., Bowman, D.D., Buxton, D., Ellis, J.T., Gottstein, B., Hemphill, A., Hill, D.E., Howe, D.K., Jenkins, M.C., Kobayashi, Y., Koudela, B., Marsh, A.E., Mattsson, J.G., McAllister, M.M., Modry, D., Omata, Y., Sibley, L.D., Speer, C.A., Trees, A.J., Uggla, A., Upton, S.J., Williams, D.J.L., and Lindsay, D.S., 2002. Redescription of Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper, Uggla, 1988 and its differentiation from related coccidia. Int J Parasitol 32: 929-946.
Dubey, J.P., Hill, D.E., Lindsay, D.S., Jenkins M.C., Uggala, A. and Speer, C.A., 2002. Neospora caninum and Hammondia heydorni are different organisms. Trends Parasitol 18: 66-69.
Duncan, J.L., Abbott, E.M., Arundel, J.H., Eysker, M., Klei, T.R., Krecek, R.C., Lyons, E.T., Reinemeyer, C., and Slocombe, J.O., 2002. World association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (WAAVP): second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of equine anthelmintics. Vet Parasitol 103: 1-18.
Gondim, L.F.P., Gao, L. and McAllister, M.M., 2002. Improved production of Neospora caninum oocysts, cyclical oral transmission between dogs and cattle, and in vitro isolation from oocysts. J Parasitol 88: 1159-63.
Huberet, J.D., Seahorn, T.L., Klei, T.R., Hosgod, G., and Moore R.M., 2002. Temporal effects of freezing on plasma nitric oxide concentrations in ponies. Can J Vet Res 67: 72-74.
Kaplan, R.M., 2002. Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses. Vet Res 33: 491-507.
Lindsay, D.S., Neiger, R., and Hildreth, M., 2002. Porcine enteritis associated with Eimeria spinosa Henry, 1931 infection. J Parasitol 88: 1262-1263.
Monahan, C.M. and Klei, T.R., 2002. The use of macrocyclic lactones to control parasites of horses. Chapter 8. Pp. 323-338, In Macrocyclic Lactones in Antiparasitic Therapy, (Ed. J. Vercruysse and R. S. Rew) CABI Publishing, New York, NY.
Mortensen, L.L., Williamson, L.H., Terrill, T.H., Kircher, R., Larsen, M. and Kaplan, R.M., 2003. Evaluation of prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats.. JAVMA 223: 495-500.
Notter, D.R., Andrew, S.A. and Zajac, A.M., 2003. Responses of hair sheep, wool sheep and hair X wool crossbreds to a single fixed dose of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus J Small Ruminant Res 47: 221-225.
Peqa, M.T., Miller, J.E., Fontenot, M.E., Gillespie, A. and Larsen, M., 2002. Evaluation of Duddingtonia flagrans in reducing infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus in feces of sheep. Vet Parasitol 103: 259-265.
Pietsch, G.S., Averbeck, G.A. and Stromberg, B.E., 2002. Aberrant Toxocara canis in a red fox. J Wildlife Dis 31: 219-220.
Stromberg, B.E., 2002. Teaching veterinary parasitology: the North American perspective. Vet Parasitol 108: 327-331.
Tunev, S.S., McAllister, M.M., Anderson-Sprecher, R.C. and Weiss, L.M., 2002. Neospora caninum in vitro: evidence that the destiny of a parasitophorous vacuole depends upon the phenotype of the progenitor zoite. JParasitol 88: 1095-1099.
Wei, J-Z,, Hale, K., Cartal, L, Platzer, E.G., Wong, C., Fang, S-C., and Aroian, R.V., 2003. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes. Proc Nat Acad Sci 100: 2760-2765.
Abstracts:
Crawford, K., and Kaplan, R.M. The effects of diatomaceous earth on the hatchability and larval development of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Summer Undergraduate Research Program, Research Presentations, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, July 29 31, 2002.
Crawford, K., and Kaplan, R.M. The effects of diatomaceous earth on the hatchability and larval development of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. 2002 Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students, New Orleans, LA, November 13 - 16, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M., Mortensen, L.L., Williamson , L.H., Terrill, T.H., Kircher, R., and Larsen, M. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in the southern United States. Novel Approaches III Conference, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2-5, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M., Klei, T.R., Lyons, E.T., French, D.D., Lester, G.D., and Courtney, C.H. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on horse farms in the southern United States. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, Nashville, TN, July 13-16, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M., Mortensen, L.L., Williamson, L.H., Terrill, T.H., Kircher, R. and Larsen, M. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, Nashville, TN, July 13-16, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M. Impact of intensive anthelmintic treatment regimens of equine helminth programs. Kentucky Association of Equine Practitioners, Lexington, KY, June 10, 2003.
Kaplan, R.M., Howell, S.B., Mortensen, L.L., Williamson, L.H., Terrill, T.H. and Larsen, M. Comparison of fecal egg count reduction test and DrenchRite) larval development assay for detection of anthelmintic resistance on goat farms. American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, 48th Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, July 18-21, 2003.
Kaplan, R.M., Klei, T.R., Lyons, E.T., Lester, G.D., French, D.D., Tolliver, S.C., Courtney, C.H. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on horse farms in the southern United States, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Larsen, M., Terrill, T.H., Samples, O., Husted, S., Miller, J.E., Kaplan, R.M. and Gelaye, S. Potential of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to control nematodes in goats in southeastern United States: a dose-titration and dose-timing study, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
McCanless, A., Miner, J. and Kaplan, R.M. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes of horses in Georgia. Veterinary Research Day, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, March 11-12, 2002.
Miller, J.E., Cockett, N.E., Walling, G.A., Shay, T.L., McGraw, R.A., Bishop, S.A.and Haley, C.S., 2002. Segregation of resistance to nematode infection in F2 lambs of Suffolk x Gulf Coast Native sheep and associated QTL. Proc 3rd Inter Conf Novel Approaches to the Control of Helminth Parasites of Livestock: 9.
Miller, J.E., Cockett, N.E., Walling, G.A., Shay, T.L., McGraw, R.A., Bishop, S.A. and Haley, C.S., 2002. Segregation of resistance to nematode infection in F2 lambs of Suffolk x Gulf Coast Native sheep and associated QTL. Proc 28th Inter Conf for Anim Genet: 160-161.
Mitchell, S.M., Zajac, A.M., Davis, W.L. and Lindsay, D.S. Activity of ponazuril against Toxoplasma gondii in African Green Monkey kidney cells. Annual Meeting Southeastern Soc Parasitol, 2002.
Shay, T.L., Miller, J.E., McGraw, R.A., Walling, G.A., Bishop, S.C., Haley, C.S. and Cockett, N.E., 2002. Characterization of OTL associated with resistance to nematode infection in sheep. Proc 28th Inter Conf for Anim Genet: 174.
Stuedmann, J.A., Kaplan, R.M., Franzluebbers, A.J., and Seman, D.H. Integrated crop/cattle production systems present unique opportunities for gastrointestinal parasite control and enhanced cattle performance, Sod Based Cropping Systems Conference, Quincy, FL, February 20-21, 2003.
Tandon, R. and Kaplan, R.M. In vitro larval development assay (DrenchRite) for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in horses. Veterinary Research Day, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, March 11-12, 2002.
Tandon, R. and Kaplan, R.M. In vitro larval development assay (DrenchRite) for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in horses. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, Nashville, TN, July 13-16, 2002.
Tandon, R., and Kaplan, R.M. Cloning, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the glutamate gated chloride channel (GluCl) gene in Cylicocyclus nassatus, American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, 48th Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, July 18-21, 2003.
Tandon, R., and Kaplan, R.M. Steps in characterization of allelic variation of an ivermectin sensitive GluCl gene in C. nassatus, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Larsen, M., and Kaplan, R.M. Biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes using nematode-trapping fungi: sheep and goat studies from the Southeastern US. Novel Approaches III Conference, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2-5, 2002.
Terrill, T.H., Kaplan, R.M., Larsen, M., and Miller, J.E. Emerging issues in the control of nematode parasites in goats: anthelmintic resistance and biological control using nematophagous fungi. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, Quebec City, Canada, July 21-25, 2002. (abstract published in: J. Animal Science, vol 80, Supplement 1 p. 144).
Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Kaplan, R.M., Larsen, M., Kircher, R.A., Samples, O.M. and Gelaye, S. Epidemiology of goat gastrointestinal nematodes in Georgia, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Watkins, A.D., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Larsen, M. and Kaplan, R.M. Effectiveness of copper-oxide wire particles on the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Wildeus, S., Miller, J.E. and Collins, J.R., 2003. Gastrointestinal parasitism in pasture and pen-reared lambs of three hair sheep breeds in the southeastern U.S. Ann Meet So Sect Amer Soc Anim Sci: No. 89.
Zajac A.M., Wildeus S. and Turner K. Effect of dietary Quebracho on experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Vet Parasitol July, 2002, Nashville TN.
Burke J.M. and Miller, J.E., 2002. Relative resistance of Dorper crossbred ewes to gastrointestinal nematode infection compared with St. Croix and Katahdin ewes in the southeastern United States. Vet Parasitol 109: 265-275.
Chapman, M.R., French, D.D. and Klei, T.R. 2002. Gastrointestinal helminths of ponies in Louisiana: a comparison of species currently prevalent with those present 20 years ago. J Parasitol 88: 1130-1134.
Chapman, M.R. French, D.D., Taylor, H.W., and Klei, T.R. 2002. One season of pasture exposure fails to induce a protective resistance to cyathostomes but increases numbers of hypobiotic third stage larvae. J Parasitol 88: 687-683.
Chrigwin, S.R., Porthouse, K.H., Nowling, J.M. and Klei, T.R. 2002. The filarial endosymbiont Wolbachia sp. is absent from Setaria equina. J Parasitol 88:1248-1250.
Dubey, J.P., Barr, B.C., Barta, J.R., Bjerkes, I., Bjvrkman, C., Blagburn, B.L., Bowman, D.D., Buxton, D., Ellis, J.T., Gottstein, B., Hemphill, A., Hill, D.E., Howe, D.K., Jenkins, M.C., Kobayashi, Y., Koudela, B., Marsh, A.E., Mattsson, J.G., McAllister, M.M., Modry, D., Omata, Y., Sibley, L.D., Speer, C.A., Trees, A.J., Uggla, A., Upton, S.J., Williams, D.J.L., and Lindsay, D.S., 2002. Redescription of Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper, Uggla, 1988 and its differentiation from related coccidia. Int J Parasitol 32: 929-946.
Dubey, J.P., Hill, D.E., Lindsay, D.S., Jenkins M.C., Uggala, A. and Speer, C.A., 2002. Neospora caninum and Hammondia heydorni are different organisms. Trends Parasitol 18: 66-69.
Duncan, J.L., Abbott, E.M., Arundel, J.H., Eysker, M., Klei, T.R., Krecek, R.C., Lyons, E.T., Reinemeyer, C., and Slocombe, J.O., 2002. World association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (WAAVP): second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of equine anthelmintics. Vet Parasitol 103: 1-18.
Gondim, L.F.P., Gao, L. and McAllister, M.M., 2002. Improved production of Neospora caninum oocysts, cyclical oral transmission between dogs and cattle, and in vitro isolation from oocysts. J Parasitol 88: 1159-63.
Huberet, J.D., Seahorn, T.L., Klei, T.R., Hosgod, G., and Moore R.M., 2002. Temporal effects of freezing on plasma nitric oxide concentrations in ponies. Can J Vet Res 67: 72-74.
Kaplan, R.M., 2002. Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses. Vet Res 33: 491-507.
Lindsay, D.S., Neiger, R., and Hildreth, M., 2002. Porcine enteritis associated with Eimeria spinosa Henry, 1931 infection. J Parasitol 88: 1262-1263.
Monahan, C.M. and Klei, T.R., 2002. The use of macrocyclic lactones to control parasites of horses. Chapter 8. Pp. 323-338, In Macrocyclic Lactones in Antiparasitic Therapy, (Ed. J. Vercruysse and R. S. Rew) CABI Publishing, New York, NY.
Mortensen, L.L., Williamson, L.H., Terrill, T.H., Kircher, R., Larsen, M. and Kaplan, R.M., 2003. Evaluation of prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats.. JAVMA 223: 495-500.
Notter, D.R., Andrew, S.A. and Zajac, A.M., 2003. Responses of hair sheep, wool sheep and hair X wool crossbreds to a single fixed dose of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus J Small Ruminant Res 47: 221-225.
Peqa, M.T., Miller, J.E., Fontenot, M.E., Gillespie, A. and Larsen, M., 2002. Evaluation of Duddingtonia flagrans in reducing infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus in feces of sheep. Vet Parasitol 103: 259-265.
Pietsch, G.S., Averbeck, G.A. and Stromberg, B.E., 2002. Aberrant Toxocara canis in a red fox. J Wildlife Dis 31: 219-220.
Stromberg, B.E., 2002. Teaching veterinary parasitology: the North American perspective. Vet Parasitol 108: 327-331.
Tunev, S.S., McAllister, M.M., Anderson-Sprecher, R.C. and Weiss, L.M., 2002. Neospora caninum in vitro: evidence that the destiny of a parasitophorous vacuole depends upon the phenotype of the progenitor zoite. JParasitol 88: 1095-1099.
Wei, J-Z,, Hale, K., Cartal, L, Platzer, E.G., Wong, C., Fang, S-C., and Aroian, R.V., 2003. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes. Proc Nat Acad Sci 100: 2760-2765.
Abstracts:
Crawford, K., and Kaplan, R.M. The effects of diatomaceous earth on the hatchability and larval development of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Summer Undergraduate Research Program, Research Presentations, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, July 29 31, 2002.
Crawford, K., and Kaplan, R.M. The effects of diatomaceous earth on the hatchability and larval development of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. 2002 Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students, New Orleans, LA, November 13 - 16, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M., Mortensen, L.L., Williamson , L.H., Terrill, T.H., Kircher, R., and Larsen, M. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in the southern United States. Novel Approaches III Conference, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2-5, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M., Klei, T.R., Lyons, E.T., French, D.D., Lester, G.D., and Courtney, C.H. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on horse farms in the southern United States. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, Nashville, TN, July 13-16, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M., Mortensen, L.L., Williamson, L.H., Terrill, T.H., Kircher, R. and Larsen, M. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, Nashville, TN, July 13-16, 2002.
Kaplan, R.M. Impact of intensive anthelmintic treatment regimens of equine helminth programs. Kentucky Association of Equine Practitioners, Lexington, KY, June 10, 2003.
Kaplan, R.M., Howell, S.B., Mortensen, L.L., Williamson, L.H., Terrill, T.H. and Larsen, M. Comparison of fecal egg count reduction test and DrenchRite) larval development assay for detection of anthelmintic resistance on goat farms. American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, 48th Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, July 18-21, 2003.
Kaplan, R.M., Klei, T.R., Lyons, E.T., Lester, G.D., French, D.D., Tolliver, S.C., Courtney, C.H. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on horse farms in the southern United States, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Larsen, M., Terrill, T.H., Samples, O., Husted, S., Miller, J.E., Kaplan, R.M. and Gelaye, S. Potential of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to control nematodes in goats in southeastern United States: a dose-titration and dose-timing study, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
McCanless, A., Miner, J. and Kaplan, R.M. Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes of horses in Georgia. Veterinary Research Day, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, March 11-12, 2002.
Miller, J.E., Cockett, N.E., Walling, G.A., Shay, T.L., McGraw, R.A., Bishop, S.A.and Haley, C.S., 2002. Segregation of resistance to nematode infection in F2 lambs of Suffolk x Gulf Coast Native sheep and associated QTL. Proc 3rd Inter Conf Novel Approaches to the Control of Helminth Parasites of Livestock: 9.
Miller, J.E., Cockett, N.E., Walling, G.A., Shay, T.L., McGraw, R.A., Bishop, S.A. and Haley, C.S., 2002. Segregation of resistance to nematode infection in F2 lambs of Suffolk x Gulf Coast Native sheep and associated QTL. Proc 28th Inter Conf for Anim Genet: 160-161.
Mitchell, S.M., Zajac, A.M., Davis, W.L. and Lindsay, D.S. Activity of ponazuril against Toxoplasma gondii in African Green Monkey kidney cells. Annual Meeting Southeastern Soc Parasitol, 2002.
Shay, T.L., Miller, J.E., McGraw, R.A., Walling, G.A., Bishop, S.C., Haley, C.S. and Cockett, N.E., 2002. Characterization of OTL associated with resistance to nematode infection in sheep. Proc 28th Inter Conf for Anim Genet: 174.
Stuedmann, J.A., Kaplan, R.M., Franzluebbers, A.J., and Seman, D.H. Integrated crop/cattle production systems present unique opportunities for gastrointestinal parasite control and enhanced cattle performance, Sod Based Cropping Systems Conference, Quincy, FL, February 20-21, 2003.
Tandon, R. and Kaplan, R.M. In vitro larval development assay (DrenchRite) for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in horses. Veterinary Research Day, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, March 11-12, 2002.
Tandon, R. and Kaplan, R.M. In vitro larval development assay (DrenchRite) for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in horses. 47th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, Nashville, TN, July 13-16, 2002.
Tandon, R., and Kaplan, R.M. Cloning, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the glutamate gated chloride channel (GluCl) gene in Cylicocyclus nassatus, American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, 48th Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, July 18-21, 2003.
Tandon, R., and Kaplan, R.M. Steps in characterization of allelic variation of an ivermectin sensitive GluCl gene in C. nassatus, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Larsen, M., and Kaplan, R.M. Biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes using nematode-trapping fungi: sheep and goat studies from the Southeastern US. Novel Approaches III Conference, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, July 2-5, 2002.
Terrill, T.H., Kaplan, R.M., Larsen, M., and Miller, J.E. Emerging issues in the control of nematode parasites in goats: anthelmintic resistance and biological control using nematophagous fungi. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, Quebec City, Canada, July 21-25, 2002. (abstract published in: J. Animal Science, vol 80, Supplement 1 p. 144).
Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Kaplan, R.M., Larsen, M., Kircher, R.A., Samples, O.M. and Gelaye, S. Epidemiology of goat gastrointestinal nematodes in Georgia, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Watkins, A.D., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Larsen, M. and Kaplan, R.M. Effectiveness of copper-oxide wire particles on the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 19th International Conference, New Orleans, LA, August 10-14, 2003.
Wildeus, S., Miller, J.E. and Collins, J.R., 2003. Gastrointestinal parasitism in pasture and pen-reared lambs of three hair sheep breeds in the southeastern U.S. Ann Meet So Sect Amer Soc Anim Sci: No. 89.
Zajac A.M., Wildeus S. and Turner K. Effect of dietary Quebracho on experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Vet Parasitol July, 2002, Nashville TN.