SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: W82 : Reducing the Potential for Environmental Contamination by Pesticides and Other Organic Chemicals
- Period Covered: 01/01/2003 to 12/01/2003
- Date of Report: 04/30/2004
- Annual Meeting Dates: 01/15/2004 to 01/16/2004
Participants
Clay, Sharon (Sharon_Clay@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University, SD; Farmer, Walter (wfarmer@ucr.edu) - University of California, Riverside, CA; Gan, Jay (jgan@ucr.edu) - University of California, Riverside, CA; Hirschi, Mike (mch@uiuc.edu) - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL; Koskinen, Bill (koskinen@umn.edu) - USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN; Lee, Linda lslee@purdue.edu) - Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN; Papiernik, Sharon (papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS, Morris, MN; Pignatello, Joe (joseph.pignatello@po.state.ct.us) - Conecticut Agricultural Experiment Atation, New Haven, CT; Radosovich, Mark (mrad@utk.edu) - University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN; Schmidt, Walter (schmidtw@ba.ars.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; Sommers, Lee (lee.sommers@colostate.edu) - Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO; Thompson, Michael (mlthomps@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Wommack, Eric (wommack@dbi.udel.edu) - University of Delaware, Newark, DE; Yates, Scott (syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA
The 2004 W-82 meeting was held January 15-16, 2004, at the George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California. The meeting was hosted by the Salinity Laboratory under the leadership of Sharon Papiernik, USDA-ARS, Morris Minnesota. Thirteen scientists and the group‘‘‘‘s administrative adviser, Lee Sommers, attended the meeting. The meeting was called to order with introductory comments by Chair Mark Radosevich, University of Tennessee. The meeting included presentations of research reports by all participants as well as a business meeting. Lee Sommers presented an administrative update concerning national trends in funding for agricultural and environmental research. The participants accepted letters of resignation from Charles Helling and Allan Felsot. The chair for the next W-82 meeting will be Michael Thompson, Iowa State Univ., and it will be hosted by Joe Pignatello at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station in New Haven, CT, October 14-16, 2004. A major goal of that meeting will be to write a new proposal for the next project period. At the Riverside meeting, Lee Sommers presented a time line for preparation, review, and approval of a new project, as well as advice on how to target the new proposal.
Accomplishments
OBJECTIVE 1: Characterize and quantify the basic chemical and biological processes controlling the behavior of pesticides, other organic chemicals, and microorganisms in soil, water, and air.
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY, Sharon Clay. (1) Sorption of tylosin to soil, sand, and swine manure. Tylosin fed to animals appears not to be metabolized or sorbed and is excreted in the same form as it is fed. There is a possibility of off-site movement of the chemical since runoff from soil was high, although this was not expected since sorption to soils similar to those used in the runoff study was quite high. (2) Comparison of atrazine and alachlor sorption, mineralization, and degradation potential in surface soils and aquifer sediments. Atrazine was not degraded in aquifer sample extracts, indicating long residence times for this herbicide once leached to the aquifer. Alachlor was degraded, but the major degradate, ESA, did not form in aquifer samples. This appears to indicate that ESA is leaching from the soil profile.
ARS-USDA GEORGE E. BROWN SALINITY LABORATORY, RIVERSIDE, CA, S. Yates and S. Papiernik, . Studies included: (1) Organic Matter Effects on Phase Partitioning of 1,3-Dichloropropene in Soil; (2) Effect of Formulation on the Behavior of 1,3-Dichloropropene in Soil; (3) Competitive Degradation between the Fumigants Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene in Unamended and Amended Soils; (4) Remediation of Methyl Iodide in Aqueous Solution and Soils Amended with Thiourea (5) Effects of Environmental Factors on 1,3-Dichloropropene Hydrolysis in Water and Soil; (6) Leaching Potential of Persistent Soil Fumigant Residues. Our work has indicated that several approaches, including application of fumigants with water, use of virtually impermeable surface tarps, application deep in soil, and construction of a highly reactive zone at the soil surface, can be effective in reducing atmospheric emissions of fumigants. We have also developed methodology to allow prediction of pathogen control prior to soil fumigation, in which a model is used to describe the fate and distribution of fumigant in soil, emissions into the atmosphere, and survival and destruction of common soil pathogens. These results will be useful in optimizing the fumigation process to minimize air contamination while maintaining uniform pest control.
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, Michael Thompson. Studies included: (1) Sampling handling and atrazine sorption by soils and reference clay; (2) Sorption of atrazine and surfactant by reference clay. Sorption of emulsified atrazine by soil materials and clays was considerably different from that of neat atrazine.
ARS-USDA, ST. PAUL, MN, W. Koskinen. Studies included: (1) Interactions of acidic herbicides bentazon and dicamba with organoclays; (2) Sorption of aged dicamba residues in soil. The objective of this work was to determine the sorption mechanism of the herbicides bentazon and dicamba on different organically modified clays. Hydrogen bonding between these herbicides and the monosubstituted amino group in octadecylammonium-exchanged organoclays reinforced the strength of the hydrophobic interactions, resulting in irreversibility of the sorption process. These results suggest that organoclays can be used to remove this type of pollutant from water or soils.
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, Raina M. Maier and Mark L. Brusseau. Studies included: (1) Saturated flow experiments using the lux reporter-fiber optic detection system; (2) Physical/chemical impacts on saturated flow transport under abiotic conditions.
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, NEW HAVEN, CT, Joe Pignatello, Yuefeng Lu, Don Zhu, and Michael Sander. Studies included: (1) History-Dependent Sorption Behavior; (2) pi ? pi Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions Between Aromatic Compounds and Conjugated Functional Groups on Soil Organic Matter. This study has presented the first evidence that pi-pi interactions are likely mechanisms in the sorption of aromatic compounds by soil organic matter
PURDUE UNIVERSITY, L.S. Lee, R.F. Turco, M. Bischoff, S. Sassman, S. Rao. Studies included: (1) Fate of Animal Hormones; (2) Fate of Pharmaceuticals; (3) Bioavailability of Sorbed Organic Chemicals; (4) Sorption of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs); (5) Sorption of Acidic Pesticides on Variable-Charge Soils; (6) Fate of Benomyl Degradation Products in Soil. Antibiotics used in animal production are excreted in the urine and feces, which are commonly applied to agricultural fields after an incubation period in a manure pond. Several of these antibiotics, e.g., chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, have been found to be quite persistent in soil and manure systems. Our studies on tetracylcines, tylosin, and carbadox show that these compounds are highly sorbed to soils, thus their most likely entry into water bodies will be through spills, surface runoff, erosion, preferential flow, and facilitated transport.
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, Mark Radosevich. Studies included: (1) Atrazine biodegradation in soils, wetland sediments, and water; (2) Environmental fate of formaldehyde during decomposition of land applied engineered wood products.
Biological degradation is the primary dissipation pathway for most pesticides in the soil environment. For atrazine, biodegradation pathways are more diverse than that represented by current culture collections. These communities exhibit a clear adaptive response to atrazine exposure in relation to atrazine degradation rates.
ARS-USDA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LABORATORY, BELTSVILLE, MD. Hapeman, Cathleen; McConnell, Laura; Rice, Clifford; Walter F. Schmidt. New technologies to facilitate examination of pollutant degradation pathways in environmental matrices.
UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, Guangyao Sheng, John D. Mattice, Briggs W. Skulman, Yuan Chun, Yaning Yang, Ping Zhang. Studies included: (1) Adsorptivity of Aged Crop Residue-Derived Soil Chars for Pesticides; (2) Reduced Biodegradation of Pesticides in Soil Containing Crop Residue-Derived Chars. Chars arising from the burning of crop residues are potentially effective adsorbents for pesticides in agricultural soils. Wheat char aged in soil was highly effective in adsorbing diuron. As crop residues are frequently burned in the field, pesticides in agricultural soils may be highly immobilized due to the presence of chars.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, Kang Xia. Studies included: (1) Occurrence pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biosolids; (2) Photodegradation of endocrine disruptor, 4-nonylphenol, in biosolids-applied soil; (3) Removal of 4-NP from biosolids through composting; (4) Dynamics of soil microbial communities exposed to Pb and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) mixtures. A range of pharmaceuticals and personal care products were identified and detected in the biosolids at concentrations from ug kg-1 to mg kg-1. 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), a non-naturally occurring endocrine disruptor, is one of the most detected organic chemicals. Its level was detected at as high as 1400 mg kg-1. Sunlight plays an important role in degrading 4-nonylphenol in biosolids. Surface application of biosolids on wet soil on sunny days (rather than soil incorporation) could be effective in reducing biosolids-associated organic chemicals that can be degraded through photolysis reactions.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-RIVERSIDE, W.J. Farmer and J. Gan. Studies included: (1) Decontamination of Halogenated Pesticides; (2) Pesticide Chirality; (3) Bioavailability of Synthetic Pyrethroids; (4) Influence of Soil Microstructure on the Molecular Transport Dynamics of 1,2-Dichloroethane. We measured the reaction rate constants for the reaction between sodium tetrasulfide with 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl iodide, chloropicrin, alachlor, metolachlor, propachlor, and acetochlor. Analysis of reaction kinetics and initial products showed that the reaction was SN2-type nucleophilic substitution, in which sulfur dianions replace the halide in the pesticide molecule. The overall reactivity of tetrasulfide toward these halogenated fumigants was 3-1425 times as strong as for thiosulfate. Our preliminary observations suggest that polysulfides may effectively transform a great number of environmentally significant halogenated organic compounds, and this reaction may hold a great promise to be used for remediation or waste treatment.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-BERKELEY, G. Sposito, B. Toner, M. Villalobos. Identify mechanisms and products of atrazine degradation by manganese oxides. Manganese oxides are known to transform atrazine under laboratory conditions. Research during 2003 focused on the production and characterization of a biogenic manganese oxide with which to react atrazine. Our results for the Mn oxide produced by Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1 agree with the properties reported for freshly-precipitated, natural Mn oxides found in oxic/anoxic zones, providing further support for the predominance of biological Mn(II) oxidation in these environments.
OBJECTIVE 2: Integrate chemical and biological process information for use in models applicable across different spatial and temporal scales.
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII-MANOA, P. Ray. Studies included: (1) Simulation of contaminant transport from surface water to wells located on riverbanks during flood periods; (2) Assessment of the vulnerability of farmstead and rural domestic wells to agrichemical contamination; (3) Transport of pathogens and selected pharmaceutical compounds in Hawaiian Oxisols. Research results from this objective helps in the assessment of the quality of drinking water where mandatory testing of water quality is not needed. In addition, the validated models serve as tools to predict contamination at sensitive settings.
ARS-USDA GEORGE E. BROWN SALINITY LABORATORY, RIVERSIDE, CA, S. Yates and S. Papiernik. Simulating control of plant pathogens after soil fumigation was studied.
OBJECTIVE 3: Provide stakeholders with tools for developing strategies to ensure sustainable agriculture and to protect natural resource systems.
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII-MANOA, P. Ray. Studies included: (1) Chemical Leaching and Evaluation of Risk System (CLERS); (2) Demonstration of bromacil leaching under reduced application rates; (3) Leaching of Selected Chemicals in Various Hawaii Soils. Computerized software, graphical user interface, and data provide the stakeholders with a tool to assess the impact of land management practices on drinking water and ground water quality. Field evaluation of pineapple yield under less than the label rates of pesticides (especially bromacil) will reduce the potential for ground water contamination.
ARS-USDA GEORGE E. BROWN SALINITY LABORATORY, RIVERSIDE, CA, S. Yates and S. Papiernik. Studies included: (1) Effect of Application Variables on Emissions of Fumigants Applied via Subsurface Drip Irrigation; (2) Effect of Surface Tarp on Emissions and Distribution of Drip-Applied Fumigants.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-RIVERSIDE, W.J. Farmer and J. Gan. Pesticide Runoff from Nursery Sites and Mitigation - We directly work with stakeholders to help them meet water quality requirements and to comply with such regulations as TMDLs. Our clientele include commercial nurseries in southern California, the Regional Water Quality Control Boards, State regulatory agencies (Department of Pesticide Regulation and Department of Food and Agriculture), and county/city water quality managers. The research results may be used for implementing pesticide TMDLs, and improving water quality in impaired waterbodies in urban and suburban watersheds.
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY, Sharon Clay. (1) Sorption of tylosin to soil, sand, and swine manure. Tylosin fed to animals appears not to be metabolized or sorbed and is excreted in the same form as it is fed. There is a possibility of off-site movement of the chemical since runoff from soil was high, although this was not expected since sorption to soils similar to those used in the runoff study was quite high. (2) Comparison of atrazine and alachlor sorption, mineralization, and degradation potential in surface soils and aquifer sediments. Atrazine was not degraded in aquifer sample extracts, indicating long residence times for this herbicide once leached to the aquifer. Alachlor was degraded, but the major degradate, ESA, did not form in aquifer samples. This appears to indicate that ESA is leaching from the soil profile.
ARS-USDA GEORGE E. BROWN SALINITY LABORATORY, RIVERSIDE, CA, S. Yates and S. Papiernik, . Studies included: (1) Organic Matter Effects on Phase Partitioning of 1,3-Dichloropropene in Soil; (2) Effect of Formulation on the Behavior of 1,3-Dichloropropene in Soil; (3) Competitive Degradation between the Fumigants Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene in Unamended and Amended Soils; (4) Remediation of Methyl Iodide in Aqueous Solution and Soils Amended with Thiourea (5) Effects of Environmental Factors on 1,3-Dichloropropene Hydrolysis in Water and Soil; (6) Leaching Potential of Persistent Soil Fumigant Residues. Our work has indicated that several approaches, including application of fumigants with water, use of virtually impermeable surface tarps, application deep in soil, and construction of a highly reactive zone at the soil surface, can be effective in reducing atmospheric emissions of fumigants. We have also developed methodology to allow prediction of pathogen control prior to soil fumigation, in which a model is used to describe the fate and distribution of fumigant in soil, emissions into the atmosphere, and survival and destruction of common soil pathogens. These results will be useful in optimizing the fumigation process to minimize air contamination while maintaining uniform pest control.
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, Michael Thompson. Studies included: (1) Sampling handling and atrazine sorption by soils and reference clay; (2) Sorption of atrazine and surfactant by reference clay. Sorption of emulsified atrazine by soil materials and clays was considerably different from that of neat atrazine.
ARS-USDA, ST. PAUL, MN, W. Koskinen. Studies included: (1) Interactions of acidic herbicides bentazon and dicamba with organoclays; (2) Sorption of aged dicamba residues in soil. The objective of this work was to determine the sorption mechanism of the herbicides bentazon and dicamba on different organically modified clays. Hydrogen bonding between these herbicides and the monosubstituted amino group in octadecylammonium-exchanged organoclays reinforced the strength of the hydrophobic interactions, resulting in irreversibility of the sorption process. These results suggest that organoclays can be used to remove this type of pollutant from water or soils.
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, Raina M. Maier and Mark L. Brusseau. Studies included: (1) Saturated flow experiments using the lux reporter-fiber optic detection system; (2) Physical/chemical impacts on saturated flow transport under abiotic conditions.
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, NEW HAVEN, CT, Joe Pignatello, Yuefeng Lu, Don Zhu, and Michael Sander. Studies included: (1) History-Dependent Sorption Behavior; (2) pi ? pi Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions Between Aromatic Compounds and Conjugated Functional Groups on Soil Organic Matter. This study has presented the first evidence that pi-pi interactions are likely mechanisms in the sorption of aromatic compounds by soil organic matter
PURDUE UNIVERSITY, L.S. Lee, R.F. Turco, M. Bischoff, S. Sassman, S. Rao. Studies included: (1) Fate of Animal Hormones; (2) Fate of Pharmaceuticals; (3) Bioavailability of Sorbed Organic Chemicals; (4) Sorption of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs); (5) Sorption of Acidic Pesticides on Variable-Charge Soils; (6) Fate of Benomyl Degradation Products in Soil. Antibiotics used in animal production are excreted in the urine and feces, which are commonly applied to agricultural fields after an incubation period in a manure pond. Several of these antibiotics, e.g., chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, have been found to be quite persistent in soil and manure systems. Our studies on tetracylcines, tylosin, and carbadox show that these compounds are highly sorbed to soils, thus their most likely entry into water bodies will be through spills, surface runoff, erosion, preferential flow, and facilitated transport.
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, Mark Radosevich. Studies included: (1) Atrazine biodegradation in soils, wetland sediments, and water; (2) Environmental fate of formaldehyde during decomposition of land applied engineered wood products.
Biological degradation is the primary dissipation pathway for most pesticides in the soil environment. For atrazine, biodegradation pathways are more diverse than that represented by current culture collections. These communities exhibit a clear adaptive response to atrazine exposure in relation to atrazine degradation rates.
ARS-USDA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LABORATORY, BELTSVILLE, MD. Hapeman, Cathleen; McConnell, Laura; Rice, Clifford; Walter F. Schmidt. New technologies to facilitate examination of pollutant degradation pathways in environmental matrices.
UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, Guangyao Sheng, John D. Mattice, Briggs W. Skulman, Yuan Chun, Yaning Yang, Ping Zhang. Studies included: (1) Adsorptivity of Aged Crop Residue-Derived Soil Chars for Pesticides; (2) Reduced Biodegradation of Pesticides in Soil Containing Crop Residue-Derived Chars. Chars arising from the burning of crop residues are potentially effective adsorbents for pesticides in agricultural soils. Wheat char aged in soil was highly effective in adsorbing diuron. As crop residues are frequently burned in the field, pesticides in agricultural soils may be highly immobilized due to the presence of chars.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, Kang Xia. Studies included: (1) Occurrence pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biosolids; (2) Photodegradation of endocrine disruptor, 4-nonylphenol, in biosolids-applied soil; (3) Removal of 4-NP from biosolids through composting; (4) Dynamics of soil microbial communities exposed to Pb and 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) mixtures. A range of pharmaceuticals and personal care products were identified and detected in the biosolids at concentrations from ug kg-1 to mg kg-1. 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), a non-naturally occurring endocrine disruptor, is one of the most detected organic chemicals. Its level was detected at as high as 1400 mg kg-1. Sunlight plays an important role in degrading 4-nonylphenol in biosolids. Surface application of biosolids on wet soil on sunny days (rather than soil incorporation) could be effective in reducing biosolids-associated organic chemicals that can be degraded through photolysis reactions.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-RIVERSIDE, W.J. Farmer and J. Gan. Studies included: (1) Decontamination of Halogenated Pesticides; (2) Pesticide Chirality; (3) Bioavailability of Synthetic Pyrethroids; (4) Influence of Soil Microstructure on the Molecular Transport Dynamics of 1,2-Dichloroethane. We measured the reaction rate constants for the reaction between sodium tetrasulfide with 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl iodide, chloropicrin, alachlor, metolachlor, propachlor, and acetochlor. Analysis of reaction kinetics and initial products showed that the reaction was SN2-type nucleophilic substitution, in which sulfur dianions replace the halide in the pesticide molecule. The overall reactivity of tetrasulfide toward these halogenated fumigants was 3-1425 times as strong as for thiosulfate. Our preliminary observations suggest that polysulfides may effectively transform a great number of environmentally significant halogenated organic compounds, and this reaction may hold a great promise to be used for remediation or waste treatment.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-BERKELEY, G. Sposito, B. Toner, M. Villalobos. Identify mechanisms and products of atrazine degradation by manganese oxides. Manganese oxides are known to transform atrazine under laboratory conditions. Research during 2003 focused on the production and characterization of a biogenic manganese oxide with which to react atrazine. Our results for the Mn oxide produced by Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1 agree with the properties reported for freshly-precipitated, natural Mn oxides found in oxic/anoxic zones, providing further support for the predominance of biological Mn(II) oxidation in these environments.
OBJECTIVE 2: Integrate chemical and biological process information for use in models applicable across different spatial and temporal scales.
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII-MANOA, P. Ray. Studies included: (1) Simulation of contaminant transport from surface water to wells located on riverbanks during flood periods; (2) Assessment of the vulnerability of farmstead and rural domestic wells to agrichemical contamination; (3) Transport of pathogens and selected pharmaceutical compounds in Hawaiian Oxisols. Research results from this objective helps in the assessment of the quality of drinking water where mandatory testing of water quality is not needed. In addition, the validated models serve as tools to predict contamination at sensitive settings.
ARS-USDA GEORGE E. BROWN SALINITY LABORATORY, RIVERSIDE, CA, S. Yates and S. Papiernik. Simulating control of plant pathogens after soil fumigation was studied.
OBJECTIVE 3: Provide stakeholders with tools for developing strategies to ensure sustainable agriculture and to protect natural resource systems.
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII-MANOA, P. Ray. Studies included: (1) Chemical Leaching and Evaluation of Risk System (CLERS); (2) Demonstration of bromacil leaching under reduced application rates; (3) Leaching of Selected Chemicals in Various Hawaii Soils. Computerized software, graphical user interface, and data provide the stakeholders with a tool to assess the impact of land management practices on drinking water and ground water quality. Field evaluation of pineapple yield under less than the label rates of pesticides (especially bromacil) will reduce the potential for ground water contamination.
ARS-USDA GEORGE E. BROWN SALINITY LABORATORY, RIVERSIDE, CA, S. Yates and S. Papiernik. Studies included: (1) Effect of Application Variables on Emissions of Fumigants Applied via Subsurface Drip Irrigation; (2) Effect of Surface Tarp on Emissions and Distribution of Drip-Applied Fumigants.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-RIVERSIDE, W.J. Farmer and J. Gan. Pesticide Runoff from Nursery Sites and Mitigation - We directly work with stakeholders to help them meet water quality requirements and to comply with such regulations as TMDLs. Our clientele include commercial nurseries in southern California, the Regional Water Quality Control Boards, State regulatory agencies (Department of Pesticide Regulation and Department of Food and Agriculture), and county/city water quality managers. The research results may be used for implementing pesticide TMDLs, and improving water quality in impaired waterbodies in urban and suburban watersheds.
Impacts
- We have developed methodology to allow prediction of pathogen control prior to soil fumigation, in which a model is used to describe the fate and distribution of fumigant in soil, emissions into the atmosphere, and survival and destruction of common soil pathogens.
- Antibiotics used in animal production are excreted in the urine and feces, which are commonly applied to agricultural fields after an incubation period in a manure pond. Our studies on tetracylcines, tylosin, and carbadox show that these compounds are highly sorbed to soils, thus their most likely entry into water bodies will be through spills, surface runoff, erosion, preferential flow, and facilitated transport.
- Wheat char arising from the burning of crop residues in soil was highly effective in adsorbing diuron. As crop residues are frequently burned in the field, pesticides in agricultural soils may be highly immobilized due to the presence of chars.
- A non-naturally occurring endocrine disruptor, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP),is one of the most detected organic chemicals in biosolids. Because sunlight plays an important role in degrading 4-NP in biosolids, surface application rather than soil incorporation of biosolids on wet soil on sunny days could be effective in reducing biosolids-associated organic chemicals that can be degraded through photolysis reactions.
- Our work has indicated that several approaches, including application of fumigants with water, use of virtually impermeable surface tarps, application deep in soil, and construction of a highly reactive zone at the soil surface, can be effective in reducing atmospheric emissions of fumigants
Publications
Allaire, S.A., S. R. Yates, F. Ernst, and S. K. Papiernik. Gas-phase sorption-desorption of propargyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene on plastic materials. J. Environ. Qual. 32:1915-1921.
Aochi, Y. O., W. J. Farmer and R. C. Graham. 2003. N2, CO2, and 1,2-dichloroethane as molecular probes of soil microstructure. Geoderma 114: 369-388.
Ben-Hur, M., J. Letey, W. J. Farmer, C. F. Williams, and S. D. Nelson. 2003. Soluble and solid organic matter effects on atrazine adsorption in cultivated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 67:1140-1146.
Berglöf, T, W. C. Koskinen, M. J. Duffy, K. A. Norberg, and H. Kylin. 2003. Metsulfuron sorption-desorption in field-moist soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:3598-3603.
Carrizosa, M. J., M. C. Hermosin, W. C. Koskinen, and J. Cornejo. 2003. Organosmectites to reduce leaching losses of acidic herbicides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:511-517.
Chun, Y., G. Sheng and S.A. Boyd. 2003. Sorptive characteristics of tetraalkylammonium-exchanged smectite clays. Clays Clay Miner. 51:415-420.
Clay, S.A., and W. C. Koskinen. 2003. Effect of variability of soil properties as a function of depth on pesticide sorption-desorption. p. 102-116. In E.A. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot (eds.) Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies: Purpose, Design and Interpretation. ACS Symp. Ser. 842. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Clay, S.A. 2003. Pesticide contamination, surface water. Pg 654-657. In: Stewart, B.A. and Howell, T., eds. Encyclopedia of Water Science. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Clay, S.A., D.E. Clay, and T.B. Moorman. 2003. Comparison of two herbicides sorption, mineralization and degradation potential in surface and aquifer sediments. p. 199-212. In: Gan, J.J., P.C. Zhu, S.D. Aust, and A.T. Lemley (eds) Pesticide decontamination and detoxification. ACS Symposium Series 863.
DeSutter, T., S.A. Clay, and D.E. Clay. 2003. Sorption and desorption of atrazine from six aggregate/particle size fractions of two soil. Weed Sci. 51:456-462.
Dorn, J.G., R.J. Frye, and R.M. Maier. 2003. The effect of temperature, pH and initial cell number on luxCDABE and nah gene expression during naphthalene/salicylate catabolism in the bioreporter organism Pseudomonas putida RB1353. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2209-2216.
Dungan, R., J. Gan, and S.R. Yates. 2003. Accelerated degradation of methyl isothiocyanate in soil. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 142: 299-310.
Gan, J., Y. Zhu, C. Wilen, D. Crowley, and D. Pittenger. 2003. Effects of planting covers on herbicide persistence in landscape soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:2775-2779.
Goel, A., Kuang, Z., McConnell, L.L., Torrents, A., Meritt, D., Tobash, S. 2003. Temporal trends in wet-deposition of pesticides to the Choptank River watershed, Chesapeake Bay. Am. Chem. Soc. Paper No. 80.
Guo, M., S. K. Papiernik, W. Zheng, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Formation and extraction of fumigant residues in soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:1844-1849.
Guo, M., S. R. Yates, W. Zheng, and S. K. Papiernik. 2003. Leaching potential of persistent soil fumigant residues. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:5181-5185.
Hapeman, C.J., McConnell, L.L., Rice, C.P., Sadeghi, A.M., Schmidt, W.F., McCarty, G.W., Starr, J.L., Rice, P.J., Angier, J.T., Harman-Fetcho, J.A. 2003. Current USDA-ARS research on understanding agrochemical fate and transport to prevent and mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Pest. Manag. Sci. 59:681-690.
Hyun, S., L.S. Lee and P.S.C. Rao. 2003. Significance of Anion Exchange in Pentachlorophenol Sorption by Variable-Charge Soils. J. Environ. Qual. 32:966-976.
Jayasundera, S., Schmidt, W.F., Hapeman C.J. and Torrents A. 2003.. Examination of molecular interaction sites of acetanilides with organic matter surrogates using NMR techniques. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:3829-3835.
Johnson, E.L., Schmidt,W.F., Emche,S.D. , Mossoba, M.M. and. Musser, S.M. 2003. Kaempferol Gluco-Rhamnoside, A new Flavonol from E.C. Var. Ipadu. Biochem. System. Ecol. 4:54-67.
Johnson, G.R., Z. Zhang, and M.L. Brusseau. 2003. Characterizing and quantifying the impact of immiscible-liquid dissolution and non-linear, rate-limited sorption/desorption on low-concentration elution tailing. Water Resour. Res. 39:6-1 to 6-8.
Keller, H., K. Xia, and A. Bhandari. 2003. Occurrence and transformation of estrogenic nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their metabolites in three northeast Kansas wastewater treatment plants. Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 7:203-213.
Khrimian, A., Margaryan, A.K., Schmidt, W.F. 2003. An Improved Synthesis of Ethyl cis-5-Iodo-trans-2-methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, a Potent Attractant for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Tetrahedron J. 59:5475-5480.
Kim, J. -H., S. K. Papiernik, W. J. Farmer, J. Gan, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Effect of formulation on the behavior of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. J. Environ. Qual. 32:2223-2229.
Kim, J.H., J. Gan, W.J. Farmer, S.R. Yates, S.K. Papiernik, and R. Dungan. 2003. Organic matter effects on phase partition of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:165-169.
Konwick, B. K. Xia, and M. Black. 2003. Potential for Toxic Effects of Biosolid Application to Ceriodaphnia dubia. p. 814-817. In Kathryn Hatcher (ed.) Proc. 2003 Georgia Water Res. Conf. Athens, GA, April 23-24.
Koskinen, W.C., D.J. Mulla, R.S. Olivier, Jr., B.R. Khakural, and P.C. Robert. 2003. Spatial variability of herbicide sorption on soil. p. 88-101. In E.A. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot (eds.) Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies: Purpose, Design and Interpretation. ACS Symp. Ser. 842. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Koskinen, W.C., J.A. Anhalt, O. Sakaliene, P.J. Rice, T.B. Moorman, and E.L. Arthur. 2003. Sorption-desorption of two "aged" sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicide metabolites in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:3604-3608.
Lee, L.S. , T. Strock, A. Sarmah and P. S. C. Rao. 2003. Sorption and dissipation of testosterone, estrogens, and their primary transformation products in soils and sediment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:4098-4105.
Li, H., L.S. Lee and D. G. Schulze. 2003. Role of Soil Manganese in the Oxidation of Aromatic Amines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:2686-2793.
Li, H., G. Sheng, B.J. Teppen, C.T. Johnston, and S.A. Boyd. 2003. Sorption and desorption of pesticides by clay minerals and humic acid-clay complexes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:122-131.
Li, R., Schmidt, W. F., Rankin, S., Walzem, R. L., Boyle-Roden, E., 2003. Solubilization of acylglycerol in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. J. Ag. Food Chem. 51:477-482.
Lu, J., L. Wu, and J. Gan. 2003. Determination of polyacrylamide in soil waters by size exclusion chromatography. J. Environ. Qual. 32:1922-1926.
Mulla, D.J., P. Gowda, W.C. Koskinen, B.R. Khakural, and P.C. Robert. 2003. Modeling the effect of precision agriculture on pesticide losses to surface waters. p. 304-317. In E.A. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot (eds.) Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies: Purpose, Design and Interpretation. ACS Symp. Ser. 842. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Neilson, J.W. and R.M. Maier. 2001. Biological techniques for measuring organic and metal contaminants in environmental samples. In Humic Substances and Chemical Contaminants (C.E. Clapp, M.H.B. Hayes, N. Senesi, P.R. Bloom, and P.M. Jardine, eds.) Soil Sc. Soc. Am., Madison, WI. p. 255-273.
Neilson, J.W., S.A. Pierce, and R.M. Maier. 1999. Factors Influencing the Expression of luxCDABE and NAH7 Genes in Pseudomonas putida RB1353 (NAH7, pUTK9). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3473-3482.
Papiernik, S. K., F. F. Ernst, R. S. Dungan, W. Zheng, M. Guo, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Remediation of halogenated fumigant compounds in the root zone by subsurface application of ammonium thiosulfate. In J. Gan, P. Zhu, S. D. Aust, and A. T. Lemley (eds.) Pesticide Decontamination and Detoxification. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Pu, X., L.S. Lee and G.P. Carlson. 2003. Bioavailability of pentachlorophenol from soils of varying characteristics using a rat model. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 66:2001-2013.
Ray, C. 2003. Pesticides in Domestic Wells. Monogr. Ser. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI.
Ray, C., G. Melin, and R. Linsky (eds), 2003. Riverbank Filtration: Improving Source Water Quality, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrech, The Netherlands.
Rice, P.J., Hapeman, C.J., Harman-Fetcho, J.A., Heighten, L., McConnell, L.L., Sadeghi, A.M. 2003. Environmental fate and ecological impacts of copper hydroxide. Am. Chem. Soc. AGRO, Paper No. 74.
Sandrin, S.K., F.L. Jordan, R.M. Maier, and Mark L. Brusseau. 2001. Biodegradation during contaminant transport in porous media: 4. Impact of microbal lag and bacterial cell growth. J. Contam. Hydrol. 50:225-242.
Schmitz-Afonso, I., Loyo-Rosales, J.E., de la Paz Avilés, M., Rattner, B.A., and Rice, C.P. 2003. Determination of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates in biota by liquid chromatography with detection by tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. J. Chromatog. A. 1010/1:25-35.
Skylberg, U., L. Qian, C. Frech, K. Xia, and W. Bleam. 2003. Distribution of mercury, methyl mercury and organic sulphur species in soil, soil solution and stream of a boreal forest catchment. Biogeochemistry 64:53-76.
Villalobos, M., B. Toner, J. Bargar, and G. Sposito. 2003. Characterization of the manganese oxide produced by Pseudomonas putida Strain MnB1. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67:2649.
Wijnja, H., Pignatello, J.J. and Malekani, K. (2004). Formation of p-p complexes between phenanthrene and model p-acceptor humic subunits. J. Environ. Qual. 33:265-276.
Xia, K., and G. D. Pillar. 2003. Anthropogenic organic chemicals in biosolids from selected wastewater treatment plants in Georgia and South Carolina. p. 806-809. In Kathryn Hatcher (ed.) Proc. 2003 Georgia Water Res. Conf. Athens, GA, April 23-24.
Xia, K., and G. Perizyski. 2003. Competitive sorption between oxalate and phosphate in soil: an environmental chemistry laboratory using ion chromatography. J. Chem. Edu. 80:71-74.
Xu, J.M., J. Gan, S.K. Papiernik, J.O. Becker, and S.R. Yates. 2003. Incorporation of fumigants into soil organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37: 1288-1291.
Yang, Y. and G. Sheng. 2003. Enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:3635-3639.
Yang, Y. and G. Sheng. 2003. Pesticide adsorptivity of aged particulate matter arising from crop residue burns. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:5047-5051.
Yates, S., D. Wang, S.K. Papiernik, and J. Gan. 2002. Predicting pesticide volatilization from soils. Environmetrics 13:569-578.
Yates, S.R, J. Gan, and S.K. Papiernik. 2003. Environmental fate of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 177:45-122.
Yolcubal, I., J.G. Dorn, R.M. Maier, and M.L. Brusseau. 2003. The influence of substrate and electron acceptor availability on bioactive zone dynamics in porous media. J. Cont. Hydrol. 66:219-237.
Yolcubal, I., J.J. Piatt, S.A. Pierce, M.L. Brusseau, and R.M. Maier. 2000. Fiber optic detection of in-situ lux reporter gene activity in porous media: system design and performance. Anal. Chim. Acta 422:121-130.
Yolcubal, I., S.A. Pierce, R.M. Maier, and M.L. Brusseau. 2002. Biodegradation during contaminant transport in porous media: V. The influence of growth and cell elution on microbial distribution. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1824-1830.
Zheng, W., S. K. Papiernik, M. Guo, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Accelerated degradation of methyl iodide by agrochemicals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:673-679.
Zheng, W., S. K. Papiernik, M. Guo, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Competitive degradation between the fumigants chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene in unamended and amended soils. J. Environ. Qual. 32:1735-1742.
Aochi, Y. O., W. J. Farmer and R. C. Graham. 2003. N2, CO2, and 1,2-dichloroethane as molecular probes of soil microstructure. Geoderma 114: 369-388.
Ben-Hur, M., J. Letey, W. J. Farmer, C. F. Williams, and S. D. Nelson. 2003. Soluble and solid organic matter effects on atrazine adsorption in cultivated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 67:1140-1146.
Berglöf, T, W. C. Koskinen, M. J. Duffy, K. A. Norberg, and H. Kylin. 2003. Metsulfuron sorption-desorption in field-moist soils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:3598-3603.
Carrizosa, M. J., M. C. Hermosin, W. C. Koskinen, and J. Cornejo. 2003. Organosmectites to reduce leaching losses of acidic herbicides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:511-517.
Chun, Y., G. Sheng and S.A. Boyd. 2003. Sorptive characteristics of tetraalkylammonium-exchanged smectite clays. Clays Clay Miner. 51:415-420.
Clay, S.A., and W. C. Koskinen. 2003. Effect of variability of soil properties as a function of depth on pesticide sorption-desorption. p. 102-116. In E.A. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot (eds.) Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies: Purpose, Design and Interpretation. ACS Symp. Ser. 842. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Clay, S.A. 2003. Pesticide contamination, surface water. Pg 654-657. In: Stewart, B.A. and Howell, T., eds. Encyclopedia of Water Science. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Clay, S.A., D.E. Clay, and T.B. Moorman. 2003. Comparison of two herbicides sorption, mineralization and degradation potential in surface and aquifer sediments. p. 199-212. In: Gan, J.J., P.C. Zhu, S.D. Aust, and A.T. Lemley (eds) Pesticide decontamination and detoxification. ACS Symposium Series 863.
DeSutter, T., S.A. Clay, and D.E. Clay. 2003. Sorption and desorption of atrazine from six aggregate/particle size fractions of two soil. Weed Sci. 51:456-462.
Dorn, J.G., R.J. Frye, and R.M. Maier. 2003. The effect of temperature, pH and initial cell number on luxCDABE and nah gene expression during naphthalene/salicylate catabolism in the bioreporter organism Pseudomonas putida RB1353. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2209-2216.
Dungan, R., J. Gan, and S.R. Yates. 2003. Accelerated degradation of methyl isothiocyanate in soil. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 142: 299-310.
Gan, J., Y. Zhu, C. Wilen, D. Crowley, and D. Pittenger. 2003. Effects of planting covers on herbicide persistence in landscape soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:2775-2779.
Goel, A., Kuang, Z., McConnell, L.L., Torrents, A., Meritt, D., Tobash, S. 2003. Temporal trends in wet-deposition of pesticides to the Choptank River watershed, Chesapeake Bay. Am. Chem. Soc. Paper No. 80.
Guo, M., S. K. Papiernik, W. Zheng, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Formation and extraction of fumigant residues in soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:1844-1849.
Guo, M., S. R. Yates, W. Zheng, and S. K. Papiernik. 2003. Leaching potential of persistent soil fumigant residues. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:5181-5185.
Hapeman, C.J., McConnell, L.L., Rice, C.P., Sadeghi, A.M., Schmidt, W.F., McCarty, G.W., Starr, J.L., Rice, P.J., Angier, J.T., Harman-Fetcho, J.A. 2003. Current USDA-ARS research on understanding agrochemical fate and transport to prevent and mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Pest. Manag. Sci. 59:681-690.
Hyun, S., L.S. Lee and P.S.C. Rao. 2003. Significance of Anion Exchange in Pentachlorophenol Sorption by Variable-Charge Soils. J. Environ. Qual. 32:966-976.
Jayasundera, S., Schmidt, W.F., Hapeman C.J. and Torrents A. 2003.. Examination of molecular interaction sites of acetanilides with organic matter surrogates using NMR techniques. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:3829-3835.
Johnson, E.L., Schmidt,W.F., Emche,S.D. , Mossoba, M.M. and. Musser, S.M. 2003. Kaempferol Gluco-Rhamnoside, A new Flavonol from E.C. Var. Ipadu. Biochem. System. Ecol. 4:54-67.
Johnson, G.R., Z. Zhang, and M.L. Brusseau. 2003. Characterizing and quantifying the impact of immiscible-liquid dissolution and non-linear, rate-limited sorption/desorption on low-concentration elution tailing. Water Resour. Res. 39:6-1 to 6-8.
Keller, H., K. Xia, and A. Bhandari. 2003. Occurrence and transformation of estrogenic nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their metabolites in three northeast Kansas wastewater treatment plants. Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 7:203-213.
Khrimian, A., Margaryan, A.K., Schmidt, W.F. 2003. An Improved Synthesis of Ethyl cis-5-Iodo-trans-2-methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, a Potent Attractant for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Tetrahedron J. 59:5475-5480.
Kim, J. -H., S. K. Papiernik, W. J. Farmer, J. Gan, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Effect of formulation on the behavior of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. J. Environ. Qual. 32:2223-2229.
Kim, J.H., J. Gan, W.J. Farmer, S.R. Yates, S.K. Papiernik, and R. Dungan. 2003. Organic matter effects on phase partition of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:165-169.
Konwick, B. K. Xia, and M. Black. 2003. Potential for Toxic Effects of Biosolid Application to Ceriodaphnia dubia. p. 814-817. In Kathryn Hatcher (ed.) Proc. 2003 Georgia Water Res. Conf. Athens, GA, April 23-24.
Koskinen, W.C., D.J. Mulla, R.S. Olivier, Jr., B.R. Khakural, and P.C. Robert. 2003. Spatial variability of herbicide sorption on soil. p. 88-101. In E.A. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot (eds.) Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies: Purpose, Design and Interpretation. ACS Symp. Ser. 842. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Koskinen, W.C., J.A. Anhalt, O. Sakaliene, P.J. Rice, T.B. Moorman, and E.L. Arthur. 2003. Sorption-desorption of two "aged" sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicide metabolites in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:3604-3608.
Lee, L.S. , T. Strock, A. Sarmah and P. S. C. Rao. 2003. Sorption and dissipation of testosterone, estrogens, and their primary transformation products in soils and sediment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:4098-4105.
Li, H., L.S. Lee and D. G. Schulze. 2003. Role of Soil Manganese in the Oxidation of Aromatic Amines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:2686-2793.
Li, H., G. Sheng, B.J. Teppen, C.T. Johnston, and S.A. Boyd. 2003. Sorption and desorption of pesticides by clay minerals and humic acid-clay complexes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:122-131.
Li, R., Schmidt, W. F., Rankin, S., Walzem, R. L., Boyle-Roden, E., 2003. Solubilization of acylglycerol in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. J. Ag. Food Chem. 51:477-482.
Lu, J., L. Wu, and J. Gan. 2003. Determination of polyacrylamide in soil waters by size exclusion chromatography. J. Environ. Qual. 32:1922-1926.
Mulla, D.J., P. Gowda, W.C. Koskinen, B.R. Khakural, and P.C. Robert. 2003. Modeling the effect of precision agriculture on pesticide losses to surface waters. p. 304-317. In E.A. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot (eds.) Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies: Purpose, Design and Interpretation. ACS Symp. Ser. 842. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Neilson, J.W. and R.M. Maier. 2001. Biological techniques for measuring organic and metal contaminants in environmental samples. In Humic Substances and Chemical Contaminants (C.E. Clapp, M.H.B. Hayes, N. Senesi, P.R. Bloom, and P.M. Jardine, eds.) Soil Sc. Soc. Am., Madison, WI. p. 255-273.
Neilson, J.W., S.A. Pierce, and R.M. Maier. 1999. Factors Influencing the Expression of luxCDABE and NAH7 Genes in Pseudomonas putida RB1353 (NAH7, pUTK9). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3473-3482.
Papiernik, S. K., F. F. Ernst, R. S. Dungan, W. Zheng, M. Guo, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Remediation of halogenated fumigant compounds in the root zone by subsurface application of ammonium thiosulfate. In J. Gan, P. Zhu, S. D. Aust, and A. T. Lemley (eds.) Pesticide Decontamination and Detoxification. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
Pu, X., L.S. Lee and G.P. Carlson. 2003. Bioavailability of pentachlorophenol from soils of varying characteristics using a rat model. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 66:2001-2013.
Ray, C. 2003. Pesticides in Domestic Wells. Monogr. Ser. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI.
Ray, C., G. Melin, and R. Linsky (eds), 2003. Riverbank Filtration: Improving Source Water Quality, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrech, The Netherlands.
Rice, P.J., Hapeman, C.J., Harman-Fetcho, J.A., Heighten, L., McConnell, L.L., Sadeghi, A.M. 2003. Environmental fate and ecological impacts of copper hydroxide. Am. Chem. Soc. AGRO, Paper No. 74.
Sandrin, S.K., F.L. Jordan, R.M. Maier, and Mark L. Brusseau. 2001. Biodegradation during contaminant transport in porous media: 4. Impact of microbal lag and bacterial cell growth. J. Contam. Hydrol. 50:225-242.
Schmitz-Afonso, I., Loyo-Rosales, J.E., de la Paz Avilés, M., Rattner, B.A., and Rice, C.P. 2003. Determination of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates in biota by liquid chromatography with detection by tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. J. Chromatog. A. 1010/1:25-35.
Skylberg, U., L. Qian, C. Frech, K. Xia, and W. Bleam. 2003. Distribution of mercury, methyl mercury and organic sulphur species in soil, soil solution and stream of a boreal forest catchment. Biogeochemistry 64:53-76.
Villalobos, M., B. Toner, J. Bargar, and G. Sposito. 2003. Characterization of the manganese oxide produced by Pseudomonas putida Strain MnB1. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67:2649.
Wijnja, H., Pignatello, J.J. and Malekani, K. (2004). Formation of p-p complexes between phenanthrene and model p-acceptor humic subunits. J. Environ. Qual. 33:265-276.
Xia, K., and G. D. Pillar. 2003. Anthropogenic organic chemicals in biosolids from selected wastewater treatment plants in Georgia and South Carolina. p. 806-809. In Kathryn Hatcher (ed.) Proc. 2003 Georgia Water Res. Conf. Athens, GA, April 23-24.
Xia, K., and G. Perizyski. 2003. Competitive sorption between oxalate and phosphate in soil: an environmental chemistry laboratory using ion chromatography. J. Chem. Edu. 80:71-74.
Xu, J.M., J. Gan, S.K. Papiernik, J.O. Becker, and S.R. Yates. 2003. Incorporation of fumigants into soil organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37: 1288-1291.
Yang, Y. and G. Sheng. 2003. Enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:3635-3639.
Yang, Y. and G. Sheng. 2003. Pesticide adsorptivity of aged particulate matter arising from crop residue burns. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:5047-5051.
Yates, S., D. Wang, S.K. Papiernik, and J. Gan. 2002. Predicting pesticide volatilization from soils. Environmetrics 13:569-578.
Yates, S.R, J. Gan, and S.K. Papiernik. 2003. Environmental fate of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 177:45-122.
Yolcubal, I., J.G. Dorn, R.M. Maier, and M.L. Brusseau. 2003. The influence of substrate and electron acceptor availability on bioactive zone dynamics in porous media. J. Cont. Hydrol. 66:219-237.
Yolcubal, I., J.J. Piatt, S.A. Pierce, M.L. Brusseau, and R.M. Maier. 2000. Fiber optic detection of in-situ lux reporter gene activity in porous media: system design and performance. Anal. Chim. Acta 422:121-130.
Yolcubal, I., S.A. Pierce, R.M. Maier, and M.L. Brusseau. 2002. Biodegradation during contaminant transport in porous media: V. The influence of growth and cell elution on microbial distribution. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1824-1830.
Zheng, W., S. K. Papiernik, M. Guo, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Accelerated degradation of methyl iodide by agrochemicals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:673-679.
Zheng, W., S. K. Papiernik, M. Guo, and S. R. Yates. 2003. Competitive degradation between the fumigants chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene in unamended and amended soils. J. Environ. Qual. 32:1735-1742.