SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Watson, Jack (jackwatson@psa.edu) - Penn State University; Schmidt, Walter (schmidtw@ba.ars.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD; Koskinen, Bill (koskinen@soils.umn.edu) - USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN; Knighton, Ray (rkinghton@reeusda.gov) USDA- CSREES, Washington, D.C.; Clay, Sharon (Sharon_clay@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University; Papiernik, Sharon  (spapiernik@ussl.ars.usda.gov) USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA; Farmer, Walt (wfarmer@citras.ucr.edu) - University of California, Riverside; Sheng, Guangyao (gsheng@uark.edu) - University of Arkansas; Williams, Clinton (cwilliams@uswcl.ars.ag.gov) - USDA-ARS, Phoenix, CA; Jawitz, Jim (jawitz@ufl.edu) - University of Florida; Thompson, Michael (mlthomps@iastate.edu) - Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station; Pignatello, Joe (joseph.pignatello@po.state.ct.us) - Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CN; Maier, Raina (rmaier@ag.arizona.edu) - University of Arizona; Sommers, Lee (lee.sommers@colostate.edu) - Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO

Members of W-82 conducted research addressing a diverse collection of biotic and abiotic processes that govern the fate and impact of organic pollutants including pesticides in soils, sediments and aquatic ecosystems. The results of this research have had significant practical impacts and have been used by agency personnel, regulators, legislators, growers, and educators. Work completed under Objectives 1 and 2 were used directly to improve management practices and stewardship of our natural resources (Objective 3). A further and significant benefit of this work includes the training and professional development of post-doctoral research associates, graduate and undergraduate students who will become the research and development workforce of the future.

The meeting was called to order at approximately 8 am on 9 Jan. with a welcome and introductory comments by Sharon Clay. A substitute secretary was selected to keep minutes as Mark Radosevich was unable to attend the meeting. At 8:15, Ray Knighton provided the group with updates and developments in CSREES followed by an administrative report by Lee Sommers. The W-82 website currently served through the USDA Salinity Lab in Riverside California will be moved to Western Regional Server and administered by Dr. Sheng at University of Arkansas. The Chair for the 2004 meeting will be Mark Radosevich, Uni. of Tennessee and the Secretary for 2004 meeting will be Mike Thompson, Iowa State University. The next meeting will be hosted by Sharon Papiernik, USDA Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA. A meeting to rewrite the new proposal for the next project period will be held at Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT on Oct. 15, 2004. Clinton Williams of the USDA Water Conservation Lab in Phoenix, AZ presented an overview of his research and was subsequently voted as the newest member of W-82.

Accomplishments

The members of W-82 represent a group of scientists with broad expertise in environmental chemistry, physics, biology, soil, atmospheric, and aquatic sciences whose combined efforts have made significant advancements toward understanding of the relationships between the distribution, transport, and persistence of organic chemicals in natural environments. These scientific studies are specifically directed towards predicting the potential exposure to hazardous chemicals; an essential part of the risk assessment equation. Other benefits of the research involve the development of more efficient and cost effective methods for reclaiming or remediation of contaminated soil, sediments, and ground water and minimizing chemical inputs to the atmosphere.

Research has focused on (1) expanding fundamental knowledge of the processes by which pesticides and other toxic organics interact in soil-water-air systems, (2) coupling and integrating these processes into useful predictive models describing the fate of chemicals in the environment, and (3) assessing various agronomic and management practices for either preventing pollution or improving remediation strategies.

W-82 produced results of practical utility ranging from optimizing bioactive zones for most efficient in situ bioremediation of soil and groundwater to minimizing worker exposure and off-site transport of fumigants to the atmosphere. Work completed under Objectives 1 and 2 were used directly to improve management practices and stewardship of our natural resources (Objective 3). State and federal agency personnel, growers, educators, extension personnel, and private consultants used the results generated by W-82 members to protect natural resources and implement sustainable management practices. Performance of the various research projects under the W-82 umbrella resulted in the training of numerous undergraduate and graduate students, as well as many post-doctoral fellows who will further advance our understanding pollutant behavior in the environment.

Objective 1: Characterize and quantify the basic chemical and biological processes controlling the behavior of pesticides, other organic chemical, and microorganisms in soil, water and air.
This objective included studies on the fate and transport of organic contaminants in soil, water, and air. Most efforts by W-82 members focused on this objective and included studies on the biodegradation/metabolism of pesticides and other organic pollutants, biostimulation of indigenous microbial communities for bioremediation of perchlorate and gas oxygenates such as MTBE, as well as other organic compounds. Considerable effort by W-82 members was also devoted to elucidate sorption mechanisms of pesticides and other aromatic compounds to improve predictive fate models, and selective abiotic and biotic transformations of chiral pollutants. Studies were also conducted to characterize the degradation, distribution, and emission of volatile pesticides and other organic compounds and to evaluate various methods to prevent emissions of these ozone-destructive compounds to the atmosphere. Specific projects addressing

Objective 1 that were active during 2002 are listed below in alphabetical order by state:
An integrated biological and physical/chemical approach to investigate the formation and behavior of bioactive zones for prediction and enhancement of efficient in situ bioremediation  University of Arizona

Determine the adsorptive properties of ashes arising from the burning of crop residues and bioavailability of ash-adsorbed pesticides to plants and microbes  University of Arkansas

Identify mechanisms and products of atrazine degradation by manganese oxides - UC Berkeley

Analysis of soil microbial communities associated with perchlorate biodegradation  UC Davis

Bioremediation of MTBE  UC Davis

Accelerated Degradation of Methyl Isothiocyanate in Soil. - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 

Effect of Propargyl Bromide and 1,3-Dichloropropene on Microbial Communities in an Organically Amended Soil. - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA

Accelerated Degradation of Methyl Iodide by Agrochemicals. - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA

Formation and Extraction of Fumigant Residues in Soils. - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA

Decontamination of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides. - UC-Riverside

Selective Transformation of Chiral Compounds. - UC-Riverside

N2, CO2, and 1,2-dichloroethane as molecular probes of soil microstructure. - UC-Riverside

Concentration-Dependent Kinetics of Pollutant Desorption from Soils. - Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

Application of the Dual-Mode Model for Predicting Competitive Sorption Equilibria and Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Estuarine Sediment Suspensions.2 - Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

Demonstration of the "Conditioning Effect" in Soil Organic Matter in Support of a Pore Deformation Mechanism for Sorption Hysteresis.3 - Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

Studies Of p-p Interactions Between Aromatic Compounds And Aromatic Functional Groups On Humic Substances. - Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

Microbial Community Responses to Atrazine Exposure and Nutrient Availability: Linking Degradation Capacity to Community Structure - University of Delaware and the Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station

Characterization of novel biochemical pathway for naphthalene metabolism by Rhodococcus opacus M213  University of Florida

Emissions and dispersion of 1,3-dichloropropene in Florida sandy soil in microplots affected by soil moisture, organic matter, and plastic film - University of Florida

Sorption of Acidic Pesticides on Variable-Charge Soils - Purdue University

Sorption of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). - Purdue University

Fate of Benomyl Degradation Products in Soil - Purdue University

Fate of Animal Pharmaceuticals and Hormones. - Purdue University

The Influence of surfactants used in commercial herbicide formulations on the sorption and fate of atrazine. - Iowa State University

31P NMR is used to investigate the environmental component(s) of organic and inorganic, soluble and insoluble, forms of phosphorous (P) responsible for contaminating surface and ground waters. USDA-ARS, Beltsville

Bioavailability assessment of soil-sorbed atrazine.  Michigan State University

Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Metabolizes Diverse s-Triazine Ring Compounds - University of Minnesota

Atrazine Chlorohydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. Strain ADP is a Metalloenzyme
Enzymatic degradation of chlorodiamino-s-triazine - University of Minnesota

Purification, substrate range, and metal center of AtzC: the N-isopropylammelide aminohydrolase involved in bacterial atrazine metabolism. - University of Minnesota

A Novel Psba1 Gene From A Naturally-Occurring Atrazine-Resistant Cyanobacterial Isolate. - University of Minnesota

Biodegradation of atrazine and related s-triazine compounds: from enzymes to field studies  A Review - University of Minnesota

Metsulfuron Methyl Sorption-Desorption In Field-Moist Soils - USDA-ARS, Minnesota

Sorption-desorption of isoxaflutole and diketonitrile degradate in soil and organoclays - USDA-ARS, Minnesota

Br-, 14NO3-, and 15NO3- movement and sorption to soil - South Dakota State University

Sorption/desorption of atrazine in Texas lake sediments

Objective 2: Integrate chemical and biological process information (from objective 1) for use in models applicable across difference spatial and temporal scales.

Studies addressing this objective developed and validated fate and transport models for volatile pesticides, contaminant transport from surface waters to wells, contaminant transport in ground water aquifers, pathogens in soils, and vulnerability of domestic wells to agricultural contamination. Specific projects addressing this objective are listed below.

Predicting Pesticide Volatilization from Soils. - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory

Simulation of contaminant transport in macroporous media using dual-permeability approach for flow, depth variant sorption and domains specific degradation.  University of Hawaii

Simulation of contaminant transport from surface water to wells located on riverbanks during flood periods - University of Hawaii

Post-audit study of ethylenedibromide (EDB) and dibromochloropronane (DBCP) transport in the Pearl Harbor Aquifer System - University of Hawaii

Transport of pathogens and selected pharmaceutical compounds in Hawaiian Oxisols.  University of Hawaii

Assessment of the vulnerability of farmstead and rural domestic wells to agrichemical contamination - University of Hawaii


Objective 3: Provide stakeholders with tools for developing strategies to ensure sustainable agriculture and to protect natural resource systems.

Studies addressing this objective are specifically designed to provide end-users with user-friendly resources and management tools to ensure an environmentally sustainable agriculture, and for remediation/reclamation of impacted sites. Projects in this category addressed a range of topics from drip-irrigation applied fumigants, remediation of fumigant-contaminated soils with thiosulfate, and development of chemical risk assessment models. Specific projects are listed below.

Assessing Emissions of Fumigants Applied via Drip Irrigation. - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory

Remediation of Fumigant Compounds in the Root Zone by Subsurface Application of Ammonium Thiosulfate. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory

Pesticide Runoff from Nursery Sites and Mitigation.  UC Riverside

In-situ flushing techniques for the remediation of aquifers contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids  University of Florida

Chemical Leaching and Evaluation of Risk System (CLERS) - University of Hawaii

Impacts

  1. Elevated levels of phosphorous from over-fertilized soils have been correlated to Pfisteria outbreaks toxic to fish and possibly people in the Chesapeake Bay. 31P NMR was used to correctly ascertain chemical forms of P, and environmental kinetics of P inputs from agricultural processes to Chesapeake Bay. This knowledge can be used to minimize nutrient inputs to the Bay and reduce the potential for eutrophication and toxic algal blooms that adversely impact aquatic life and possibly humans.
  2. Pesticide bioavailability has been determined to improve risk management associated with pesticide use in agriculture and to maintain the quality of our soils and waters. This knowledge is also needed to gain perspective on the concept of environmentally acceptable endpoints which may be used as justification to consider altering the regulations regarding acceptable levels of synthetic chemicals in soils.
  3. Vadose zone and saturated zone transport models were used to simulate and validate the transport of land-applied chemicals to drinking water and to assess potential for contamination of farmstead and rural domestic wells from agricultural chemicals. Results aided in the assessment of the quality of drinking water where mandatory testing of water quality was not mandated by law. In addition, the validated models will serve as tools to predict contamination in other sensitive settings.
  4. We are working directly with stakeholders at nursery sites to assess pesticide runoff and develop management tools for meeting water quality requirements and complying with such regulations as TMDLs. Our clientele include commercial nurseries in southern California, the Regional Water Quality Control Boards, State regulatory agencies, and county/city water quality managers. The research results may be used for setting water quality standards and implementation of pesticide TMDLs.
  5. Studies have shown that biostimulation of native organisms has promise as a technology for cleaning up MTBE and perchlorate in groundwater and surface soils. Quantitative molecular genetic methods can link densities of specific microbial populations involved in biodegradation to rates of bioremediation, environmental factors, and management practices. Such techniques will be useful in evaluating the impacts of different bioremediation methods on the actual catalysts of these technologies.

Publications

Neilson, J.W., S.A. Pierce, and R.M. Maier. 1999. Factors Influencing the Expression of luxCDABE and NAH7 Genes in Pseudomonas putida RB1353 (NAH7, pUTK9). Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65:3473-3482.

Yolcubal, I., J.J. Piatt, S.A. Pierce, M.L. Brusseau, and R.M. Maier. 2000. Fiber optic detection of in-situ lux reporter gene activity in porous media: system design and performance. Analytica Chimica Acta, 422:121-130.

Neilson, J.W. and R.M. Maier. 2001. Biological techniques for measuring organic and metal contaminants in environmental samples. Chapter in: Humic Substances and Chemical Contaminants (C.E. Clapp, M.H.B. Hayes, N. Senesi, P.R. Bloom, and P.M. Jardine, eds.) Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 255-273.

Sandrin, S.K., F.L. Jordan, R.M. Maier, and Mark L. Brusseau. 2001. Biodegradation during contaminant transport in porous media: 4. Impact of microbal lag and bacterial cell growth. J. Contam. Hydrol. 50:225-242.

Yolcubal, I., S.A. Pierce, R.M. Maier, and M.L. Brusseau. 2002. Biodegradation during contaminant transport in porous media: V. The influence of growth and cell elution on microbial distribution. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1824-1830.

Yang, Y and G. Sheng. 2002. Sorptive characteristics of particulate matter in soils from crop residue burns. 2002 Annual Meetings, Soil Science Society of America, Indianapolis, IN.

Zhang, S. and G. Sheng. 2002. Partition-limited plant uptake of pesticides from water. 2002 Annual Meetings, Soil Science Society of America, Indianapolis, IN.

Zhang, P., G. Sheng and D.C. Wolf. 2002. Reduced biodegradation of benzonitrile in soil containing particulate matter from crop residue burns. 2002 Annual Meetings, Soil Science Society of America, Indianapolis, IN.

Skulman, B.W., Y. Yang, J.D. Mattice and G. Sheng. 2002. Effect of rice ash on Command efficacy to barnyardgrass. Arkansas Crop Protection Association, Fayetteville, AR.

Sheng, G., C.T. Johnston, B.J. Teppen and S.A. Boyd. 2002. Adsorption of dinitrophenol herbicides from water by montmorillonites. Clays Clay Miner. 50:25-34.

Li, H., G. Sheng, W. Sheng and O. Xu. 2002. Uptake of trifluralin and lindane from water by ryegrass. Chemosphere 48:335-341.

Johnston, C.T., G. Sheng, B.J. Teppen, S.A. Boyd and M.F.D. Olievera. 2002. Spectroscopic study of dinitrolphenol herbicide sorption on smectite. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:5067-5074.

Toner, B. and G Sposito (2001). Contaminant Transformation by a Biogenic Manganese Oxide. Nanoparticles Session, Fall Meeting, American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, December 9-13, 2001. (Eos Trans. AGU, 82(47) Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V32A-0960, 2001.).

Villalobos M., J. Bargar and G. Sposito (2001). Characterization of the Biogenic Mn-Oxide Produced by Pseudomonas putida Strain MnB1. Nanoparticles Session, Fall Meeting, American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, December 9-13, 2001. (Eos Trans. AGU, 82(47) Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V31B-12, 2001).

Toner, B and G Sposito (2002). Reductive Dissolution of Biogenic Manganese Oxides. Gordon Research Conference on Environmental Bioinorganic Chemistry, Andover, NH, June 16-21,2002.

Garrido, F., M. Ghodrati and M. Chendorain. 1999. Small-scale measurement of soil water content using a fiber optic sensor. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63:1505.

Garrido, F., M. Ghodrati, M. Chendorain, C.G. Campbell. 1999. Small-scale variability in solute transport processes in a homogeneous clay loam soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63:1513.

Dubbin, W.E., G. Sposito, and M. Zavarin. 2000. X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of Cu-glyphosate adsorbed by microcrystalline gibbsite. Soil Sci. 165:699.

Garrido. F., M. Ghodrati, and C.G. Campbell. 2000. A method for in situ field calibration of fiber optic miniprobes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64:836.

Ghodrati, M., F. Garrido, C.G. Campbell, and M. Chendorain. 2000. A multiplexed fiber optic mini-probe system for measuring convective dispersive solute transport in soil. J. Environ. Qual. 29:540.

Martin-Neto, L., D.G. Traghetta, C.M.P. Vaz, S. Crestana, and G. Sposito. 2000. On the interaction mechanisms of atrazine and hydroxyatrazine with humic substances. J. Environ. Qual. 30:520.

Nasser, A., G. Sposito, and M.A. Cheney. 2000. Mechanochemical degradation of 2, 4-D adsorbed on synthetic birnessite. Colloids Surf. A 163:117.

Sposito, G. 2001. Methods of quantum field theory in the statistical physics of subsurface solute transport. Transport Porous Media 42:181.

Sposito, G. 2001. Topological Groundwater Hydrodynamics. Advan. Water. Resour. 24:793.

Garrido, F., M. Ghodrati, C.G. Campbell, M. Chendorain. 2001. Detailed characterization of solute transport in a heterogeneous field soil. J. Environ. Qual. 30:578.

Struyk, Z. and G. Sposito. 2001. Redox properties of standard humic acids. Geoderma 102:329.

Costello, A; Auman, A.; Macalady J; Scow K; Lidstrom M. Estimation of methanotroph abundance in a freshwater lake sediment. Environ. Micro 4:443-450.

Macalady JL, McMillan AM, Dickens AF, Tyler SC, Scow KM. (2002) Population dynamics of type I and II methanotrophic bacteria in rice soils. Environ Microbiol. 4: 148-57.

Gray, J.R., G. Lacrampe-Couloume, D. Gandhi, K. M. Scow, R. D. Wilson, D. M. MacKay, and B. Sherwood Lollar 2002. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:1931-1938.

Schwartz, E, S.V. Trinh, K.M. Scow, KM. 2002. Impact of methylene chloride on
microorganisms and phenanthrene mineralization in soil. J. Environ. Qual. 31:144-149.

Schmidt, S.K., and K.M. Scow. 2002. Use of bioreactors and microcosms to assess the biodegradation potential of soil, 1049-1056. In: Hurst, C. (ed) Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd Edition. American Society of Microbiology Press, Washington, DC.

Wilson, R.D., D.M. Mackay, and K.M. Scow. 2001. In situ MTBE biodegradation supported by diffusive oxygen release. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:190-199.

Naas, C., R. Wilson, D. Mackay, and K.M. Scow. 2002. Investigation of spatial distribution of native aerobic MTBE degrading microorganisms: preliminary results. Contam. Soil, Sediment and Water (Juy/August): 76-79.

Papiernik, S. K., J. Gan, and S. R. Yates. 2002. Processes governing transport of organic solutes. p. 1451-1479 In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

Jin, Y., M. V. Yates, and S. R. Yates. 2002. Microbial transport. p. 1481-1509 In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

Yates, S. R. and A. W. Warrick. 2002. Geostatistics. p. 81-118 In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

Yates, S. R., D. Wang, S. K. Papiernik, and J. Gan. 2002. Predicting pesticide volatilization from soils. Environmentrics 13:569-578.

Papiernik. S. K., F. F. Ernst, and S. R. Yates. 2002. An apparatus for measuring the gas permeability of films. J. Environ. Qual. 31:358-361.

Papiernik, S. K. and S. R. Yates. 2002. Effect of environmental conditions of the permeability of high density polyethylene film to fumigant vapors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:1833-1838.
Papiernik, S. K., J. Gan, and S. R. Yates. 2002. Characterization of propargyl bromide transformation in soil. Pest Manag. Sci. 58:1055-1062.

Braida, W., White, J. C., Zhao, D., Ferrandino, F. J., and Pignatello, J. J. (2002). Concentration-Dependent Kinetics of Pollutant Desorption from Soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21, 2573-2580.
Zhao, D., Hunter, M., Pignatello, J. J., and White, J. C. (2002). Application of the Dual-Mode Model for Predicting Competitive Sorption Equilibria and Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Estuarine Sediment Suspensions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 21, 2276-2282.

Lu, Y., and Pignatello, J. J. (2002). Demonstration of the "Conditioning Effect" in Soil Organic Matter in Support of a Pore Deformation Mechanism for Sorption Hysteresis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 4553-4561.

Stamper, D.M., M. Radosevich, K.B. Hallberg, S. J. Traina, and O. H. Tuovinen. 2002. Ralstonia basilensis M91-3, a denitrifying soil bacterium capable of using s-triazines as nitrogen sources. Can. J. Microbiol./Rev. Can. Microbiol. 48(12): 1089-1098.

Dean, S.M., Y. Jin, D.K. Cha, S.V. Wilson, and M. Radosevich. 2001. Phenanthrene degradation in soils co-inoculated with phenanthrene-degrading and biosurfactant-producing bacteria. J. Environ. Qual. 30:1126-1133.

Braida, W., Lu, Y., Ravikovitch, P. I., Neimark, A. V., and Xing, B. (2002). Sorption Hysteresis of Benzene in Charcoal Particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. in press (web version available).

Brooks, M.C., Annable, M.D., Rao, P.S.C., Hatfield, K., Jawitz, J.W., Wise, W.R., Wood., A.L. and Enfield, C.G., 2002. Controlled release, blind tests of DNAPL characterization using partitioning tracers. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 59, pp. 187-210.
Jawitz, J.W., Annable, M.D., Clark II, C.J., and Puranik, S., 2002. Inline gas chromatographic tracer analysis: An alternative to conventional sampling and laboratory analysis for partitioning tracer tests. Instrumentation Science & Technology, 30(4) pp. 427-438.

Jawitz, J.W., Annable, M. D., Rao, P. S. C., and Rhue, R. D., 2001. Evaluation of remediation performance and cost for field-scale single-phase microemulsion (SPME) flushing. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 36(8) pp. 1437-1450.
Ramakrishnan, V. 2002. Community changes and revival of indigenous microorganisms following co-solvent flushing. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida.

Ray, C. (editor). 2002. Riverbank Filtration: Understanding Contaminant Biogeochemistry and Pathogen Removal, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 253 pages.
Ray, C., D. Soong, G.S. Roadcap, and Y. Lian, 2002, Dynamics of flow and chemical transport at bank filtration sites, J. Hydrology, 266: 235-258.

Ray, C., T. Grischek, J. Schubert, J. Wang, and T. Speth. 2002. A perspective of riverbank filtration, J. AWWA, 94(4): 149-160.

Ray, C. 2002. Preferential transport of bromacil in Hawaii Oxisols, 17th World Congress on Soil Science, August 14-21, 2002, Bangkok, Thailand, 10 pages.

Ray, C. and M. Rungvetvuthivitaya. 2002. Modeling Nitrate Transport from Long-Term Use of Treated Effluent on a Golf Course Overlying a Deep Aquifer System, Integrated Trans-Boundary Water Management, July 23-26, 2002, Traverse City, Michigan, 8 pages.

Ray, C. 2002. Use of riverbank filtration as an alternative to direct intake systems during plant expansion, Advances in Civil Engineering 2002, January 3-5, 2002, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 8 pages.

Hyun. S., L.S. Lee, P.S.C. Rao. 2002. Electrostatic Sorption of Acidic Organic Chemicals by Variable-Charge Soils as a Function of Chemical and Soil Charge Properties. Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

Lee, JS, L.S. Lee, P.S.C. Rao, L. Nies. 2002. Laboratory Assessment of Soil Flushing of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids with Ethyl Lactate and Limonene Solutions, Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

Lee, L.S. 2002. Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals and Implications. Invited to be presented at the Bouyoucos Conference "Molecular Level Processes on Availability of Chemical Species to Plants and Microbes in Soil", Sani Halkidiki, Greece, June 23-28, 2002.
Lee, L.S., P.S.C. Rao. 2002. Sorption and Transport of Hormonally Active Agents in Soils. Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

Oliveira, M., A.K. Sarmah, L.S. Lee, P.S.C. Rao. 2002. Fate of Tylosin in Aqueous Manure-Soil Systems, Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

Oliveira, M., Prates, Santanna, Sans, L.S. Lee. 2002. Behavior of Imazaquin and Flazasulfuron in Brazilian soils. - Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

Pu, XZ, Y.J. Zhao, L.S. Lee, A.P. Schwab, G.P. Carlson. 2002. Bioavailablity of Pentachlorophenol from Different Types of Soils, 41st Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology, March 18-22, 2002, The Toxicologist-Supplement of Toxicological Sciences. Vol. 66(1-S):138.

Rao, P.S.C. and L.S. Lee. 2001. Investigations of Sorption and Transport of Hormones and Animal Pharmaceuticals: Initial Laboratory Results. EPA Workshop on Effective Risk Management of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Sept. 18-19, Cincinnati, OH.

Strock, T., R. Hultgren, L.S. Lee, P.S.C. Rao. 2002. Assessing the Mobility of Carbadox and Metabolites Through Soils: Batch Partitioning and Column Studies. Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

Xu, T., L.S. Lee, P.S.C. Rao, C. Enfield, L, Nies. 2002. In-situ Oxygen Sensors for Use in Biotreatment of Fuel Oxygenates in Groundwater. Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002

Reeves, J.B. III, Jayasundera, S., Schmidt, W.F., and Dao, T., What does 31P NMR tell us about dairy manures? Soil Society Society of America, Indianapolis, IN, October 29, 2002.

Clay, S.A. 2002. Banding of pesticides. In: Pimentel, D. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, NY. Pg. 47-49.

Liu, Z., S.A. Clay, and D.E. Clay. 2002. Spatial variability of atrazine and alachlor efficay and mineralization in an eastern South Dakota field. Weed Sci. 50:662-671.

Cheng, H. H., and W. C. Koskinen. 2002. Interactions of minerals-organic matter-living organisms on the fate of allelochemicals and xenobiotics in soil: A methodological evaluation. p. 135-145. In A. Violante, P. M. Huang, J.-M. Bollag, and L. Gianfreda (eds.) Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health: Ecological Significance of the Interactions Among Clay Minerals, Organic Matter and Soil Biota. Developments in Soil Science Vol. 28B, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Bresnahan, G. A., A. G. Dexter, W. C. Koskinen, and W. E. Lueschen. 2002. Influence of soil pH sorption interactions on imazamox carryover in fresh and aged soil. Weed Res. 42:45-51.

Gan, J., Q. Wang, S. R. Yates, W. C. Koskinen, and W. A Jury. 2002. Dechlorination of chloroacetanilde herbicides by thiosulfate salts. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 82:5189-5194.

Cox, L., W. C. Koskinen, M. C. Hermosin, J. Cornejo, and E. L. Arthur. 2002. Sorption of two new sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides and their metabolites on organic and inorganic exchanged smectites. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 82:553-560.

Koskinen, W. C., P. J. Rice, J. A. Anhalt, O. Sakaliene, T. B. Moorman, and E. L. Arthur. 2002. Sorption-desorption of aged sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:5368-5372.

Koskinen, W. C. 2002. Extraction of pesticides and other toxic organic chemicals from soil. Am. Chem. Soc., Great Lakes Regional Meeting. p. 55.

Spokas, K., D. Wong, and W. C. Koskinen. 2002. Improved accuracy of distribution coefficient determination of volatile organic compounds through headspace gc methodology. Am. Chem. Soc., Great Lakes Regional Meeting. p. 79.

Koskinen, W. C., B. L. Barber, and L. J. Marek. 2002. LC-MS analysis of isoxaflutole in soil. Proc. Pittsburgh Conf. Anal. Chem. Appl. Spec p. 1512P.

Graff, C. D.,W. C. Koskinen, J. A. Anderson, T. R. Halbach, and R. H. Dowdy. 2002. Using Geostatistics to Understand the Spatial Distribution of Soil Properties and the Field Dissipation of Herbicides. Abstr. Intern. Conf. Precision Agric. p.149.

Wang, D, K. Spokas, and W. C. Koskinen. 2002. Improved determination of soil partitioning of agricultural fumigants. Agron. Abstracts.

Carrizosa, M. J., P. J. Rice, W. C. Koskinen, and M. C. Hermosin. Sorption-desorption of isoxaflutole and a diketonitrile degradate on organoclays. Agron. Abstr.

Cruz-Guzman, M. R. Celis, M. C. Hermosin, J. Cornejo,a nd W. C. Koskinen. 2002. Hg(II) and Pb(II) retention of the model association of soil colloids. Abstr. Midwest Environ. Chem. Workshop, P6.
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