Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual W-45 meeting, June 9-11, 2002 in Riverside, California focused on these actions and details:

New resources for research such as the farm bill and homeland security.
Encouraged having a collective impact report from this committee. Listed five websites for the impact reports.
Select several liaisons from W-45 to attend W-82 meeting and present W-45 projects.
Set next meeting date as May 29-31, 2003, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
Staci Simonich (Oregon) gave a presentation of her research. Invited Staci Simonich to join W-45
Report reviews and critique per usual.
Agreed to submit to the chair a brief impact statement.
Discussed and agreed to have new collaborations among W-45 members.

Research undertaken by members of W-45 is a collaborative and coordinated effort that addresses mechanisms and mitigation of agrochemical impacts on human and environmental health. W-45 members develop and validate analytical methods for residues in air, water, soil plants and animals, and identify biomarkers that indicate toxicological processes. The committee members examine factors that influence persistence and dissipation of agrochemicals such as volatility, photolysis, adsorption and metabolism in agricultural and natural ecosystems. W-45 scientists study adverse impacts of agrochemical exposures to cells, organisms and ecosystems including structure-fate relationships and the influence of formulation, application methods and climatic factors. The scientists associated with W-45 determine develop technologies that mitigate adverse human and environmental impacts. The work of the W-45 project serves to provide information on these processes in order to reduce risk to the public and the environment. This information is critically important for establishment of the safety of current pesticide uses.

Work planned for the next year will be a continuation of many of the projects described in section m and new collaborative thrusts described under the objectives of the W-45 project. Additional collaborative efforts include cooperative grants being written, cooperative research projects being initiated, and sharing of research approaches and analytical techniques among institutions.
On-going collaborations include: Oregon/UC-Davis on delayed neuropathy from pesticide exposure; ARS-Beltsville/ARS-Riverside on transport of agricultural pollutants; UC-Davis/Hawaii on organophosphate toxicity; Nevada/UC-Davis on pigeon exposure to and oxidative stress of agrochemicals; and collaborative participation of Gan, Aust, Hapeman, Papiernik and Lemley in an upcoming ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry Symposium.
Future collaborations include: Utah-Hawaii on bioremediation; UC-Riverside-Utah-Mississippi on runoff studies; Cornell-UC-Riverside-Oregon on information dissemination; Mississippi-New Mexico-ARS-Beltsville on pesticide fate; New Mexico/Hawaii on picloram affinity mechanism and assays; Oregon/UC-Davis/UC-Riverside on Turf studies.

1. Identify, develop, and/or validate trace residue analytical methods, immunological procedures, and biomarkers:

California Agricultural Experiment Station - Riverside
The human exposure potential of pesticide residues in an increasingly large number of media have been incorporated into the risk assessment process. Pesticide residues in food are at the foundation of public concern and regulatory significance even though they lack health impact under normal conditions of use. This study is expected to clarify the importance of rinsing produce during food preparation.

Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station
Imidacloprid, 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, is a systemic insecticide used worldwide. An enzyme immunoassay was developed for the analysis of imidacloprid. In this study, this immunoassay was examined for possible determination of imidacloprid in potato and coffee leaves to study dispersal and spread of imidacloprid resistance in insects such as Colorado potato beetle. A suitable procedure was to extract imidacloprid from the samples with aqueous methanol (70%), and determine imidacloprid concentrations with the immunoassay after a simple dilution of the extracts with phosphate-buffered saline.

USDA-ARS, Riverside
Obtaining a more complete understanding of the potential for plant uptake of DDT, DDE, and DDD isomers from soil may reduce the risk from exposure to these toxic chemicals. In these experiments, we determined that root crops may have the potential to accumulate DDE, DDD, and DDT isomers from contaminated soil.

2. Characterize abiotic and biotic reaction mechanisms, transformation rates, and fate in agricultural and natural ecosystems:

Cornell (New York) Agricultural Experiment Station
An adaptation of a new pesticide wastewater treatment technology, ion exchange membrane anodic Fenton treatment (membrane AFT), was developed and tested on carbaryl, a commonly used insecticide. The purpose of the work was to find a way to make a laboratory method even more useful for work in the field. Field work requires a system that can use flow-through technology and the use of a membrane in this electrochemical cell is much preferred to the previous salt bridge. We found that carbaryl degradation with membrane AFT fits the mathematical model that we had developed for AFT, making our optimization of the membrane AFT reliable and effective. We made many adjustments to the system and were able to show that our new system has a higher efficiency as well as being more convenient. We also found that we could use the new membrane 100 times and found no decrease in its ability to degrade carbaryl. Because of its effectiveness and convenience, the use of an ion exchange membrane as a substitute for the salt-bridge used in the previous AFT system has brought the AFT technology a major step closer to practical application.

Indiana (Purdue University) Agricultural Experiment Station
Benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate] is a popular fungicide that has been used by farmers and gardeners for many years. The makers of benomyl have recently experienced legal battles as farmers claim that the fungicide caused crop damage with the most recent proposed cause being N,N‘-dibutylurea (DBU), which can result from benomyl breakdown during its production and storage. Our research focused on DBU persistence after application into soil and the potential for DBU formation from precursors in soil. We conclude if DBU is found soils it is most likely from application of DBU-containing benomyl formulations and not from DBU production in soils. Also DBU inadvertently applied to soils through benomyl formulations is unlikely to persist.

Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station
The overall goal of this project is to develop laboratory and field data that can be used to calibrate and validate turfgrass scenarios that can be used in the regulatory models PRZM3 and EXAMS2. This years research focused on collecting runoff data from small plots with simulated rainfall for the insecticide imidacloprid. This data is needed to conduct further exposure modeling. Imidacloprid is a pesticide often used to control insect pests on residential lawns and golf courses. To investigate its potential to be transported into non-target aquatic systems by rainfall events, imidacloprid was applied as Merit 0.5G and 75WP to 12 plots planted with bermudagrass set on a 5% slope. The maximum concentration of imidacloprid detected in runoff water was 0.49 mg litre-1 and occurred during the first runoff event.

3. Determine adverse impacts from agrochemical exposure to cells, organisms, and ecosystems.

California Agricultural Experiment Station - Davis -
a. This year we have begun a project integrating the bovine red blood cell standard project and the project to standardize clinical cholinesterase (ChE) measurements in California. We are in the process of sending diluted RBC ghost samples to every clinical laboratory in California and to ourselves and comparing the results. Preliminary findings indicate that many of the laboratories are performing satisfactorily with this standard Following this set of tests we will send them blood samples. The first time we did this with blood samples only two of nine participating laboratories generated satisfactory results (see last years report) casting doubt upon their required monitoring ofr workers handling pesticides. This year we propose to track down the difficulties by working with clinical laboratories that have passed the first RBC ghost phase.
b. The second ChE project is a collaboration with the Department of Defense laboratory that monitors blood ChEs from approximately 25,000 individuals using the accurate but slow and insensitive delta pH test. Two of the objectives are to generate a conversion factor for the slow pH and faster and more sensitive Ellman test and to use the results to produce a much needed normal range of human ChE values.

Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station
Cyanide and arsenic based pesticides interfere with normal mitochondrial function in the cell that can lead to the generation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species and deplete cellular energy, ATP levels. While these effects can be acutely lethal when these compounds are ingested in large quantities, the biological impact of either acute or sub-chronic ingestion of these compounds in sub-lethal amounts is unclear. Using the homing pigeon model we developed for testing the biological impact of exposure to environmental contaminants, we tested the effect of exposure to cyanide through drinking water. We found that exposure of the homing pigeons to cyanide, in the drinking, water resulted in: a decrease in tissue ATP levels similar to that seen in the mallard duck and a dose-dependent increase in flight time for the birds, suggesting a dose-dependent biological impact. Most recently, we have constructed of our own homing pigeon facility that will allow us to breed, house and train our own homing pigeons for our studies.

New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station
The noxious weed yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) can be controlled effectively at the seedling stage by foliar application of the auxinic herbicides picloram or clopyralid. Although resistance to these herbicides is rare, a yellow starthistle biotype resistant to picloram and cross-resistant to clopyralid was recently observed in a pasture near Dayton, WA that had been subjected to intensive picloram selective pressure. The conclusion that resistance is conferred by a recessive gene is consistent with the observation that no other picloram﷓resistant yellow starthistle populations have been identified in the area since picloram selection pressure was abated. Interestingly, resistance to auxinic herbicides is still a rare occurrence even with the long history of auxinic herbicide use. The frequency of the resistance mutation is thought to be as low as 10-30. However, if herbicide pressure is maintained, R yellow starthistle could gain a distinct competitive advantage over S particularly with regard to progeny of mixed populations where R progeny would predominate and thus, the relative frequency of R in a population would increase.

4. Develop technologies that mitigate adverse human and environmental impacts.

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station
Wild salmonid populations in the Hood River Watershed have been declining. Because of the population declines, steelhead in the Hood River Watershed were listed in 1998 as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The causes of steelhead population declines are unknown but pesticides have been identified as one potential stressor. Results of a pilot study conducted by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) in the spring of 1999 suggest that the use of azinphos-methyl on pome fruit in the Hood River Valley may result in residue levels in surface water that exceed water quality standards. Azinphos-methyl (Guthion) is used in pome fruit (primarily apples and pears) production in the Hood River Basin from late May through August primarily for codling moth control. In 2000, an environmental monitoring study was conducted to improve our understanding of the relationship between azinphos-methyl use practices and surface water residue levels in selected Hood River Basin tributaries.

USDA-ARS, Beltsville
Runoff from agriculture has long been identified as a major concern to water quality degradation. Previous studies indicated that runoff volume, soil loss, pesticide loads and toxicity from cultivation practices utilizing plastic mulch were greater than those observed from management practices with vegetative mulches. However, use of plastic mulch for vegetable and other row crop production is widely accepted as it has desirable qualities such as weed control, soil warming, and cleaner crops as compared to bare soil. Other experiments have implicated copper hydroxide associated with soil particles as a causative factor in the observed toxicity with plastic mulch; thus controlling soil loss should decrease toxicity and reduce the negative impacts of runoff on surrounding ecosystems. The objective of this project was to modify the currently-accepted plastic mulch system by planting cereal rye vegetative buffer strips in the furrows between the plastic covered rows. Runoff, soil and pesticide loads, and harvest yields from this modified system were compared to the traditional plastic system with bare soil between the rows. Results from a two-year study indicated a greater than two-fold decrease in runoff volume and ten-fold decrease in soil loss from the buffer strip plots. Pesticide loads were significantly less and runoff toxicity was reduced. No statistically significant differences in harvest yields were observed.

Utah Agricultural Experiment Station
Wood-rotting fungi are being recognized for their ability to degrade a wide variety of environmental pollutants. Their ability to degrade chemicals is related to their ability to degrade lignin in wood. Wood-rotting fungi are classified as white-, brown- and soft-rot fungi depending on their relative ability to degrade lignin and cellulose. White-rot fungi are more efficient in degrading lignin leaving relatively more cellulose, which is white. Just the reverse is the case for brown-rot fungi. Soft-rot fungi are thought not to be able to degrade phenolic lignins. We have proposed soft-rot, and perhaps brown-rot fungi, may not be able to degrade some chemicals, or only be able to partially degrade some chemicals leaving potentially toxic residues. After investigation we do not recommend the use of soft-rot fungi for the biodegradation of phenols or chemicals which phenols may be intermediates of metabolism.

California Agricultural Experiment Station - Davis
Arrieta D, Ramirez A, DePeters E, Bosworth D and Wilson B W, Bovine Red Blood Cell Ghost Cholinesterase as a Monitoring Standard (In preparation)
Billitti, J.E., B.C. Faulkner and B.W. Wilson Absence of acute testicular toxicity of MTBE and breakdown products in mice (In preparation)
Oliveira G H, Ph.D., Henderson JD, and Wilson BW. Cholinesterase Measurements with an Automated Kit (Submitted) Werner, I.; Deanovic, L. A.; Hinton, D. E.; Henderson, J. D.; de Oliveira, G. H.; Wilson, B. W.; Krueger, W.; Wallender, W. W.; Oliver, M. N.; Zalom, F. G. Toxicity of stormwater runoff after dormant spray application of diazinon and esfenvalerate (Asana) in a French prune orchard, Glenn County, California, USA. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2002), 68(1), 29-36. Hamm, J. T.; Wilson, B. W.; Hinton, D. E. Increasing uptake and bioactivation with development positively modulate diazinon toxicity in early life stage medaka (Oryzias latipes). Toxicological Sciences (2001), 61(2), 304-313. Wilson, B.W. Acetylcholinesterases in Hayes Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Krieger R.I. Editor, Academic Press pp 967-981.

Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station
Peer-reviewed
Hue, N.V.; Campbell, S.; Li, Q.X.; Lee, C.R.; Fong, J. 2002. Reducing salinity and organic contaminants in the Pear Harbor dredged material using soil amendments and plant. J. Environ. Cleanup Costs, Technol. and Techniq. Submitted. Lorenz, S.; Wu, L.; Li, Q.X. Survey of organochlorine contaminants in soils and fish from Marshall Islands. Sci. Total Environ. Submitted.
Campbell, S.; Ogoshi, R.; Uehara, G.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Trace analysis of explosives in soil: Pressurized fluid extraction and gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr. A. Submitted. Keum, Y.-S.; Kim, J.-H; Li, Q.X. 2002. Effects of sensitizers and quenchers on photolysis of phloxine B in aqueous solutions. Pest Manag. Sci. Submitted. Campbell, S.; Paquin, D.; Awaya, J.D.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Remediation of benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene contaminated soil with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa). Int. J. Phytoremed. In press. Paquin, D.; Ogoshi, R.; Campbell, S.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Bench scale phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated marine sediment with tropical plants. Int. J. Phytoremed. Submitted.
Zhu, Y.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Movement of bromacil and hexazinone in soils of Hawaiian pineapple fields. Chemosphere. Submitted. Kim, H. J.; Liu, S.-Z.; Keum, Y.S.; Hwang, E.C.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the insecticide imidacloprid. In: Environmental Fate and Effects of Pesticides; J.R. Coats and H. Yamamoto (Eds.). ACS Symposium Series xx, Washington, DC. In press. Keum, Y.-S.; Kim, J.-H.; Kim, Y.-W.; Kim, K.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Photodegradation of diafenthiuron in water. Pest Manag. Sci. 58(5):496-502. Lodevico, R.G.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Analysis of total imidacloprid residues in coffee by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Lett. 35(2):315-326. Alcantara-Licudine, J.P.; McQuate, G.T.; Cunningham, R.T.; Liquido, N.J.; Li, Q.X. 2002. Efficacy and residue of phloxine B and uranine for the suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly in coffee fields. Pest Manag. Sci. 58:38-44. Chiu, Y.-W.; Li, Q.X.; Karu, A.E. 2001. Selective binding of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by a monoclonal antibody: analysis by kinetic exclusion fluorescence immunoassay. Anal. Chem. 73(22):5477-5484.
Miao, X.-S.; Balazs, G.H.; Murakawa, S.K.K.; Li, Q.X. 2001. Congener specific profile and toxicity assessment of PCBs in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Hawaiian Islands. Sci. Total Environ. 281(1-3):247-253. Miao, X.-S.; Swenson, C.; Woodward, L.; Li, Q.X. 2001. Metals in marine species from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 42(11):1049-1054.
Abstracts
Denery, J.R.; Li, Q.X. Pressurized fluid extraction of marine bioproducts. Fourth Asia-Pacific Marine Biotechnology Conference (APMBC). April 22-26, 2002. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Marion, K.; Turn, S.; Nip, W.-K.; Li, Q.X.; Denery, J.R. Long term stability of carotenoid various commercial formulations. APMBC. April 22-26, 2002. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
Li, Q.X.; Karu, A.E.; Kim, H.-J. Immunoanalysis for environmental applications: New objectives and new ways to achieve them. Conference of the Korean Society of Pesticide Science. April 11-12, 2002. Muju, Korea.
Li, Q.X. Immunoassays for pesticide analysis. China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China. December 24-25, 2001.

Indiana (Purdue University) Agricultural Experiment Station
Lee, L.S., R.F. Turco, S. Sassman, and M. Bischoff. Investigating the Fate of Benomyl Degradation Products in Soils. Amer. Soc. Agronomy, Charlotte, NC, October 22-26, 2001.

Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station
Peer-reviewed
Armbrust, K.L. and H. Peeler. (2002). Effects of Formulation on the Runoff of Imidacloprid from Turf by Simulated Rainfall. Pest Management Science 58:702-706.
Abstracts
Armbrust, K.L. (2002). An Integrated Science Approach to Investigate Suburban Watersheds. Presented before the 61st Annual Meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology, Atlanta, GA. March 6-8, 2001.
Overmeyer, J.L., R. Noblet, and K.L. Armbrust. (2001). Utilization of Black Fly Larvae for Toxicity Evaluations of Insecticides Entering Suburban Watersheds. Presented at the Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America (ESA), San Diego, CA. December 9-12, 2001.
Armbrust, K.L. (2001). Runoff of Imidacloprid from Turf by Simulated Rainfall. Presented before the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Baltimore, MD. November 1115, 2001.
Overmyer, J., R. Noblet and K. Armbrust. (2001). Black Fly Larvae (Diptera:Simuliidae): Toxicity Evaluations of Insecticides Entering Suburban Watersheds. Carolinas SETAC regional meeting, Clemson, SC. May 18-19, 2001.
Cheplick, M and K.L. Armbrust. (2001). Calibration of Computer Model Scenarios (PRZM/EXAMS) for Pesticide Runoff and Leaching in Turfgrass Environments. IXth International Turfgrass Research Conference. Toronto, Canada. July 15-21, 2001.

New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station
Refereed:
Valenzuela-Valenzuela, J. M., N. K. Lownds and T. M. Sterling. 2002. Ethylene plays no role in clopyralid action in yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. (in press).
Valenzuela-Valenzuela, J. M., N. K. Lownds and T. M. Sterling. 2001. Clopyralid uptake, translocation, metabolism and ethylene induction in picloram-resistant yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 71:11-19.
Sterling, T. M., N. K. Lownds and L. W. Murray. 2001. Similar competitive ability between Centaurea solstitialis accessions resistant or susceptible to picloram. Weed Sci. 49:42-47.

Abstracts:
Branum, K. S., H. H. Ratnayaka, A. D. Vallotton, and T. M. Sterling. 2002. Temperature response of picloram-resistant yellow starthistle (Centaurea soltitialis L.). Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 55: (in press).
Vallotton, A. D. and T. M. Sterling. 2002. Variation in swainsonine content among extraction methods and between locoweed genera. Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 55: (in press).
Molin, W. T., H. H. Ratnayaka, and T. M. Sterling. 2002. Effects of spurred anoda interference on yield and photosynthesis in cotton. WSSA Abstracts 41: 71.
Ratnayaka, H. H., T. M. Sterling, and W. T. Molin. 2002. Antioxidative responses in cotton and spurred anoda under interference and drought. WSSA Abstracts 41: 71.
Sterling, T. M., I. Ray, A. D. Vallotton, and R. P. Sabba. 2002. Recessive inheritance of picloram resistance in yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). WSSA Abstracts 41: 11.
Ratnayaka, H. H., W. T. Molin, and T. M. Sterling. 2001. Oxidative stress tolerance in cotton and spurred anoda under competition and drought. Amer. Soc. Botany Abstracts 2001:75.
Hernandez-Rios, I. and T. M. Sterling. 2001. Antioxidant response in prometryn-tolerant and -susceptible cotton varieties. Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 54:28.
Molin, W. T., H. H. Ratnayaka, and T. M. Sterling. 2001. Spurred anoda competition in wide row and ultra narrow row cotton. Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 54:48.
Ratnayaka, H., W. T. Molin and T. M. Sterling. 2001. Interaction between competition and oxidative stress tolerance in cotton and spurred anoda. Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 54:52.
Vallotton, A. D., R. P. Sabba, I. Ray and T. M. Sterling. 2001. Inheritance of picloram resistance in yellow starthistle. Proc. Western Soc. Weed Sci. 54:27.

New York (Cornell University) Agricultural Experiment Station
D.A. Saltmiras and A.T. Lemley. 2002. Atrazine degradation by anodic Fenton Treatment. Wat. Res., revised and resubmitted.
A.T. Lemley, A. Hedge, S.K. Obendorf, S. Hong, J. Kim, T. Muss, and C. Varner. 2002. Selected pesticide residues in house dust from farmers homes in central New York State. Bull. Environ. Contam. and Tox., in press.
Q. Wang and A.T. Lemley. 2002. Oxidation of diazinon by anodic Fenton treatment. Wat. Res., in press.
Q. Wang and A.T. Lemley. 2002. Oxidation of carbaryl in aqueous solution by membrane anodic Fenton treatment, J. Ag. Food Chem., 50:2331-2337.
Q. Wang and A.T. Lemley. 2001. Kinetic model and optimization of 2,4-D degradation by anodic Fenton treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35:4509-4514.

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station
Peer-reviewed
Runes, H. B., J. J. Jenkins, and P. J. Bottomley. 2001. Atrazine degradation by bioaugmented sediment from constructed wetlands. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol 57:427-432.
Presentations at national meetings:
Buchwalter, D. B., D. D. Judd, J. J. Jenkins, L. R. Curtis. 2001. Respiratory Strategy as an Important Determinant of Differential Chlorpyrifos Uptake in Aquatic Insects. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, November 11-15, 2001.
Moran, P. W., J. J. Jenkins, P. C. Jepson. 2001. The Susceptibility of Riparian Soil Invertebrates to the Herbicide Trichlopyr. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, November 11-15, 2001.
Sandahl, J. F., J. J. Jenkins. 2001. Benchmark Concentration Approach to AchE Inhibition in Pacific Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, November 11-15, 2001.
Reports:
Jenkins, J. J. 2002. Environmental Monitoring of Chlorpyrifos and Azinphos-methyl Dissolved Residues in Hood River Tributaries. Report to the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.
Jenkins, J. J. 2002. Environmental Monitoring of Pesticide Drift at the Coos-Curry Electric Co-Op Inc. Elk River Substation
Extension Publications:
Thomson, P., W. Parrott, and J. J. Jenkins.2000. Crop Profile for Dry Beans in Oregon. USDA Office of Pesticide Management Policy and Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles
Jenkins, J. J. and E. P. Foster. 2002. Hood River Watershed: Water Quality & Pesticides Fact Sheet-February 2002. Oregon State University Extension Service and Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.

USDA-ARS, Beltsville
Peer reviewed:
Pierpoint, A.C., Hapeman, C.J., Torrents, A. A linear free energy study of ring-substituted aniline ozonation for developing treatment of aniline-based pesticide wastes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 3827-3832.
Rice, P.J., McConnell, L.L., Heighton ,L.P., Sadeghi, A.M., Isensee, A.R., Abdul-Baki, A.A., Hapeman, C.J. Off-site movement of agrochemicals and soil in runoff from fresh-market vegetable production: comparing the environmental impact of polyethylene mulch versus vegetative mulch. J. Environ. Qual. 2001, 30, 1808-1821.
Rice, P.J., McConnell, L.L., Heighton ,L.P., Sadeghi, A.M., Isensee, A.R., Abdul-Baki, A.A., Harman-Fetcho, J., Hapeman, C.J. Transport of Copper in Runoff from Fresh-Market Vegetable Production Using Polyethylene Mulch or a Vegetative Mulch. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2002, 21, 24-30.
Schmidt, W.F., Bilboulian, S., Rice, C.P., Fettinger, J.C., McConnell, L.L., Hapeman, C.J. Thermodynamic, Spectroscopic and Computational Evidence for the Irreversible Conversion of b- to a -Endosulfan. J. Ag. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 5372-5376.
Jayasundera, S., Schmidt, W.F., Hapeman, C.J., Torrents, A. Mechanistic information on molecular interactions of acetamide pesticides with organic matter surrogates: Application of 1H and 13C-NMR relaxation parameters. Environ. Sci. Technol. (in review).
Pierpoint, A.C., Hapeman, C.J., Torrents, A. Ozone treatment of soil contaminated with aniline, trifluralin and other contaminants. Chemosphere (in review).
Abstracts
Harman-Fetcho, J.A., Rice, P.J., Herbert, R., Teasdale, J.R., Sadeghi, A.M., Hapeman, C.J. Developing a Better Agricultural Management Practice for Plastic Mulch Vegetable Production Systems. Proceedings of the 21st Annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Baltimore, MD 2001; p 268.
Hapeman, C. J. Schmidt, W.F. Bilboulian, S. Rice, C. P. Fettinger, J. McConnell, L.L. Molecular Influences on the Atmospheric Partitioning of Endosulfan Isomers . Proceedings of the 21st Annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Baltimore, MD 2001; p 142.
Rice, P.J., Hapeman, C.J., McConnell, L.L., Sadeghi, A.M., Isensee, A.R., Heighton, L.P. Harman-Fetcho, J.A., Wauchope, R.D. Measuring and modeling the transport of pesticides and soil in runoff from fresh-market vegetable production. Proceedings of the 220th National meeting of the American Chemical Society; American Chemical Society: San Diego, CA 2001; p 9.

USDA-ARS, Riverside
Peer-reviewed:
Papiernik, S. K., S. R. Yates, and J. Gan. 2001. An approach for estimating the permeability of agricultural films. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35:1240-1246.
Yates, S. R., D. Wang, S. K. Papiernik, and J. Gan. 2001. Predicting pesticide volatilization from soils. Environmentrics J. Accepted March 26, 2001.
Papiernik. S. K., F. F. Ernst, and S. R. Yates. 2002. An apparatus for measuring the gas permeability of films. J. Environ. Qual. 31:358-361.
Ibekwe, A. M., S. K. Papiernik, J. Gan, S. R. Yates, D. E. Crowley, and C. -H. Yang. 2001. Microcosm enrichment of 1,3-dichloropropene-degrading soil microbial communities in a compost-amended soil. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91:668-676.
Ibekwe, A. M., S. K. Papiernik, J. Gan, S. R. Yates, C. -H. Yang, and D. C. Crowley. 2001. Impact of fumigants on soil microbial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:3245-3257.
Wang, Q., J. Gan, S. K. Papiernik, and S. R. Yates. 2001. Isomeric effects on thiosulfate transformation and detoxification of 1,3-dichloropropene. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20:960-964.
Ma, Q., J. Gan, J. O. Becker, S. K. Papiernik, and S. R. Yates. 2001. Evaluation of propargyl bromide for control of barnyardgrass and Fusarium oxysporum in three soils. Pest Manag. Sci. 57:781-786.
Ma, Q., J. Gan, S. K. Papiernik, J. O. Becker, and S. R. Yates. 2001. Degradation of soil fumigants as affected by initial concentration and temperature. J. Environ. Qual. 30:1278-1286.
Papiernik, S. K. and S. R. Yates. 2002. Effect of environmental conditions of the permeability of high density polyethylene film to fumigant vapors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:1833-1838.
Ibekwe, A. M., A. C. Kennedy, P. S. Frohne, S. K. Papiernik, C. -H. Yang, and D. E. Crowley. 2001. Microbial diversity along a transect of agronomic zones. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 39:183-191.
Papiernik, S. K., J. Gan, and S. R. Yates. 2002. Characterization of propargyl bromide transformation in soil. Pest Manag. Sci. Accepted May, 2002.
Papiernik, S. K., C. M. Grieve, and S. R. Yates. 2002. Salinity effects on herbicide phytotoxicity to selected weed species. Weed Sci. Under revision.
Abstracts:
Papiernik, S. K., J. Gan, and S. R. Yates. Environmental fate of propargyl bromide, a potential alternative to methyl bromide. 221st American Chemical Society National Meeting Abstracts. 2001.
Gan, J., Q. Wang, S. K. Papiernik, and S. R. Yates. Inhibition of adsorption on chemical transformation of pesticides in soil. 221st ACS National Meeting Abstracts. 2001.
Yates, S. R., S. K. Papiernik, and J. Gan. Predicting pesticide volatilization from bare soil surfaces. 221st American Chemical Society National Meeting Abstracts. 2001.
Papiernik, S. K., C. M. Grieve, J. Gan, F. F. Ernst, and S. R. Yates. Herbicide-salinity interaction effects on phytotoxicity. Program and Abstracts, Sustained Management of Irrigated Land for Salinity and Toxic Element Control. p. 67. 2001.
Papiernik, S. K., S. R. Yates, and J. Gan. Assessing the permeability of agricultural films. 222nd Amercian Chemical Society National Meeting Abstracts. 2001.

Utah Agricultural Experiment Station
Welch, K.D., C.A. Reilly, and S.D. Aust (2002) The role of cysteine residues in the oxidation of ferritin, Free Rad. Biol. Med. (Submitted).
Welch, K.D., T.Z. Davis, M.E. Van Eden, and S.D. Aust (2002) Deleterious iron-mediated oxidation of biomolecules, Free Rad. Biol. Med. (In press).
Welch, K.D., T.Z. Davis, and S.D. Aust (2002) Iron autoxidation and free radical generation: Effects of buffers, ligands, and chelators, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 397, 360-369.
Reading, N.S., K.D. Welch, and S.D. Aust (2001) Free-radical reactions of wood-degrading fungi, in Current Knowledge of Wood Deteriorating Mechanisms and its Impact on Biotechnology and Wood Preservatives, ACS Symposium Series. (In press).
Van Eden, M.E. and S.D. Aust (2001) The consequences of hydroxyl radical formation to the stoichiometry and kinetics of ferrous iron oxidation by human apoferritin, Free Rad. Biol. Med. 31, 1007-1017.
Welch, K.D., M.E. Van Eden, and S.D. Aust (2001) Modification of ferritin during iron loading, Free. Rad. Biol. Med. 31, 999-1006.
Reading, N.S. and S.D. Aust (2001) Role of disulfide bonds in the stability of recombinant manganese peroxidase, Biochemistry 40, 8161-8168.
Reading, N.S., M.D. Cameron, and S.D. Aust (2002) Fungi - For Biotechnology in Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology (Bitton, G., Ed.), pp. 1383-1394, John Wiley & Sons, New York.