SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Basic Information
Additional Info

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Project No. and Title: NCR167 : Corn Breeding Research
Period Covered: 03/01/2004 to 02/01/2005
Date of Report: 02/23/2006
Annual Meeting Dates: 02/21/2005 to 02/22/2005

The followng individuals attended our annual meeting. In addition to the official representatives of the group we include industry representatives, guests, and graduate students:;; Arbelbide, Martin (arbe0006@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota; Barata, Clarissa (C.Barata@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University; Bernardo, Rex (bernardo@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota; Betran, Javier (javier-betran@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M University; Birru, Fufa (fufa.h.birru@monsanto.com) - Monsanto; Blanco, Mike (mblanco@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS/Iowa State University; Bohn, Martin (mbohn@uinc.edu) - University of Illinois; Bowser, Nicholas (nbowser@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; Brinkman, Mark (MJBrinkman@Dow.com) - Mycogen Seeds; Carena, Marcelo (Marcelo.Carena@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University; Carlone, Mario (MarioCarione@pioneer.com) Pioneer Hi-Bred; Coors, James (jgcoors@wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin; Davis, Georgia (davisge@missouri.edu) - University of Missouri; Edwards, Jode (jode@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS/Iowa State University; Flint-Garcia, Sherry (flint-garcias@missiouri.edu) - USDA-ARS/University of Missouri; Gardner, Candice (gardnerc@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS/Iowa State University; Golden, John (jcgolden@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS/Iowa State University; Hallauer, Arnel R. (hallauer@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; Jumbo, McDonald (Mcdonald.Jumbo@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University; Kelly, Scott (scott.kelly@syngenta.com) - Syngenta Seeds; Krakowsky, Matthew (mkrakowsky@tifton.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS; Lamkey, Kendall (krlamkey@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; Lee, Elizabeth (lizlee@uoguelph.ca) - University of Guelph; Lorenz, Aaron (lore0149@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; Mayberry, Ken (kamayberry@dow.com) - Mycogen Seeds; Medina, Martin (medi0052@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota; Melani, Marcelo (Marcelo.Melani@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University; Montgomery, Kevin - Golden Harvest; Olsen, Mike (michael.s.solsen@monsanto.com) - Monsanto; Osorno, Juan (Juan.Osorno@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University; Pollak, Linda (lmpollak@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS/Iowa State University; Pratt, Rich (pratt.3@osu.edu) - Ohio State University-OARDC; Russell, Ken (krussell3@unl.edu) - University of Nebraska; Scott, Paul (pscott@iastate.edu) - USDA-ARS; Sezegen, Bahadir (Bahadir.Sezegen@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University; Troyer, Forrest (atroyer@uiuc.edu) - University of Illinois/Pioneer Hi-Bred; Turnbull, Clint (cturnbul@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; Wardyn, Brandon (bmwardyn@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; Ziegler, Kenneth (kenzieg@system78.com) - Iowa State University.

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Legacy attachment file:

[Minutes]

Accomplishments

General accomplishments of the NCR167 multistate committee can be found on the NCR167 web site: (http://www.agron.iastate.edu/corn/NCR167/). However, I would like to focus on a few important accomplishments that each member brings to the group: 1) Multi-state efforts have re-directed public breeding efforts toward finding profitable alternatives to farmers. Low cost population hybrids that are competitive with commercial single-cross hybrids have been avaluated over 20 environments at North Dakota State University. 2) Transgenic maize containing a 40% increase in endosperm lysine was developed at Iowa State University (ISU). This has the potential to reduce the annual cost for livestock and pultry diets. Germplasm is the product of cooperative efforts on breeding at NCR167. Traditional efforts on performance and its relationship with protein and aminoacid levels are also being conducted. This emphasizes the importance that NCR167 gives to maize grain quality. 3) Food and safety was addressed by Texas A&M University by identifying aflatoxin resistant germplasm. The consequence is again saving costs for a better and healthy product. 4) Breeding for low-phosphorous and low-nitrogen content has reduced the environmental impact due to increased ethanol production (distillers grain) in South Dakota, a direct positive impact for South Dakota farmers due to breeding efforts at South Dakota State University. In addition, basic knowledge produced at the Ohio state University on phytic acid levels has provided a potential to reduce P contamination in waterways due to animal manure runoff. 5) There is evidence of public inbred lines being incorporated into private breeding programs, especially in short-season areas (University of Guelph, North and South Dakota State Universities). 6) Most members of the NCR167 group are directly or indirectly related to the USDA - Germplasm Enhancement Project (GEM) that intends to increase the genetic diversity available in hybrid maize. 7) Superior silage maize products developed at Univeristy of Wisconsin have increased the milk production per acre in the state. 8) NCR167 trials over 20 locations have provided a large amount of data for new experimental US inbred lines. 9) New races of northern corn leaf blight were discovered at the Ohio State University and the development of polygenic resistance is underway. 10) As a group we have trained over 50 maize breeding students. 11) The University of Illinois continued the longest selection program available in corn based on oear-to-row selection for grain oil and protein. 12) The University of Minnesota found a significant association of DNA markers with smut resistance what seems to be the first successful exploitation for gene discovery information in the crop. 13) We have continued to create synergism among members. This is allowing us to do things together that we cannot do apart. For instance, accomplishment #8 provides an opportunity to decrease GxE interaction on our top elite materials. PLANS FOR NEXT YEAR: 1) We are planning to restructure the governance of the NCR167 group with long-term as well as short-term positions. We also plan to enhance our cooperation by having more knowledge on the different ways state breeding programs are run and how we can applied new useful information. We recognize the importance of maintaining applied breeding research as well as proving biotechnologies that can be integrated in our breeding programs.

Impacts

Training of over 50 graduate students has covered most of the industry high demand for applied corn breeders. This is one of the most important impacts of the group due to the education provided by each member of the group. DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred International has been the major provider of scholarships and fellowships. At least $250,000 invested in corn breeding training as a result of the projects activities in a sinergystic way. The term was from May 2004 to August 2005. Students graduated from NDSU have been employed mostly by Monsanto.
The development of corn hybrids less susceptible to aflatoxin has contributed to save growers millions of dollars and improve food and feed safety. The USDA has awarded this project $29,259 from April 2004 to March 2005.
The development of very early maturing corn lines from genetically broad-based germplasm sources has aided in the movement of corn to the US northern Corn Belt saving growers millions of dollars in drying costs and increasing the genetic diversity on farm. The North Dakota SBARE and Corn Growers Utilization has awarded $39,000 from February 2004 to January 2005. Also, royalties have been generated form early maturing products from at least two members.
Profitable low-cost alternatives have been developed. Growers and small seed companies now have the option to incorporate this products in their products and/or fields. The USDA awarded $55,000 in operating funds to develop population hybrids in 2001. Also, the NCR-SARE has provided $37,000 to examine the economic and agronomic potential of open-pollinated corn varieties in 2002-2003. As a consequence, non-gov. organizations such as the MFAI have received $500,000 in 2004 when approaching their senators on this idea. This idea has generated interstate efforts, funds, and a profitable alternative to the farmer.
The group has incorporated basic science in order to apply it and make it useful (e.g. pest resistance QTLs). No funding has been reported.
High lysine maize has not only demonstrated to save millions of dollars in feed but also has the potential to improved human nutrition through genetically engineered maize containing foreign proteins that can enhance the nutritional value of the crop significantly. This has been direclty funded by USDA-CSREES ($22,000) from September 2004 to August 2005. In addition, it was indirectly funded by a major grant awarded by the USDA-DOE Biomass R$D Initiative on $1,999,724 from September 2004 to August 2007.
Breeding for low phosphorous (Phytic acid) and for low nitrogen has addressed the need for a sustainable corn production with minimal effect on the environment especially with the current emphasis on icreasing ethanol production. No funds reported
Unique germplasm has develop high-quality silage inbred lines for increased milk production per acre. No funds reported.
Most members of the group have contributed to increase the genetic diversity of the corn crop by not only participating in the GEM program but also adapting and improving elite exotic germplasm sources to their breeding programs. These important breeding efforts are still not recognized for funding.
Five new inbred lines and seven elite improved populations from Iowa, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Canada (Ottawa), and Delaware were released by members of this group.

Publications

Dreissigacker, S., P. Zhang, M.L. Warburton, M. van Ginkel, D.A. Hoisington, M. Bohn, A.E. Melchinger. 2004. SSR and Pedigree Analyses of Genetic Diversity Among CIMMYT Wheat lines Targeted to Different Mega-Environments" Crop Sci. 44:381-388. Papst C., M. Bohn, H.F. Utz, A.E. Melchinger, D. Klein, J. Eder. 2004. QTL mapping for European corn borer resistance (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb.), agronomic and forage quality traits of testcross progenies in early-maturing European maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108: 1545-1554. Reif, J. C., X. C. Xia, A. E. Melchinger, M. L. Warburton, D. A. Hoisington, D. Beck, M. Bohn, and M. Frisch. 2004. Genetic diversity determined within and among CIMMYT Maize populations of tropical, subtropical, and temperate germplasm by SSR markers. Crop Sci. 44:326-334. Carena, M.J. and P. Glogoza. 2004. Resistance of maize to the corn leaf aphid: A Review. Maydica 49(4): 241-254. This manuscript was accepted and recognized by reviewers and editor for the quality. Carena, M.J. 2005. Maize commercial hybrids compared to improved population hybrids for grain yield and agronomic performance. Euphytica 141(3): 201-208. Hyrkas, A. and M.J. Carena. 2005. Response to long-term selection in early maturing maize synthetic varieties. Euphytica 143(1-2):43-49. M.P. Scott, S. Bhatnagar, and J. Betrán. 2004. Tryptophan and Methionine Levels in Quality Protein Maize Breeding Germplasm. Maydica 49:303-312 McNaughton, K.E., J. Letarte, E.A. Lee, and F.J. Tardif. 2005. Several mutations in als confer herbicide resistance in redroot pigwees (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii). Weed Sci. 53:17-22. Lee, E. A, A. Ahmadzadeh, and M. Tollenaar. 2005. Quantitative genetic analysis of the physiological processes underlying maize grain yield. Crop Sci. 45:981-987. Arbelbide, M., and R. Bernardo. 2004. Random mating before selfing in maize BC1 populations. Crop Sci. 44: 401-404. Yu, J., and R. Bernardo. 2004. Changes in genetic variances during advanced cycle breeding in maize. Crop Sci. 44: 405-410. Taller, J.M., and R. Bernardo. 2004. Diverse adapted populations for improving northern maize inbreds. Crop Sci. 44:1444-1449. Yu, J., and R. Bernardo. 2004. Metabolic control analysis as a mechanism that conserves genetic variance during advanced cycle breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108: 1614-1619. Bernardo, R. 2004. What proportion of declared QTL in plants are false? Theor. Appl. Genet. 109: 419-424. Parisseaux, B., and R. Bernardo. 2004. In silico mapping of quantitative trait loci in maize. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109: 508-514. Gordon, S., M. Bartsch, I. Matthies, H. Gevers, P.E. Lipps and R.C. Pratt. 2004. Linkage of molecular markers to Cercospora zeae-maydis resistance QTL in Maize. Crop Science 44:628-636. Shukla, S., T. VanToai and R.C. Pratt. 2004. Molecular genetics of the maize low phytic acid (lpa1-1) mutant. Jour. Agric. Agric. Food Chem. 52:4565-4570. Hakiza, J.J., P.E. Lipps, S. St. Martin, and R.C. Pratt. 2004. Heritability and number of genes controlling partial resistance in maize inbred H99. Maydica 49: 173-182. Pratt, R.C. 2004. An historical examination of the development and adoption of hybrid corn: a case study in Ohio. Maydica 49: 155-172. Willmot, D., B. E. Hibbard, L. L. Darrah, L. Pollak, K. Montgomery, R. C. Pratt, J. Hawk, T. Weldekidan, C. Abel, and J. Foster. 2004. Effect of environment on resistance to the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize. Jour. Econ. Ent.: 97:1745-1751. Pratt, R.C., L. Pollak, and K. Montgomery. 2005. Registration of maize germplasm line GEMS--0002. Crop Science 45: 2130-31. Coors, J.G. 2004. Breeding: Recurrent selection and gain from selection. The Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science, Marcel Dekker, Inc. (www.dekker.com). Butruille, D.V., H.D. Silva, S.M. Kaeppler, J.G. Coors. 2004. Genetic structure and generation means analysis of three populations derived from the Golden Glow maize population. Crop Sci. 44:1527-1534. Frey, T.J, J.G. Coors, R.D. Shaver, J.G. Lauer, P.J. Flannery, and D.T. Eilert. 2004. Selection for silage quality in the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic and related maize populations. Crop Sci. 44:1200-1208. Coors, J.G., D.T Eilert, and P.J. Flannery. 2004. Release of inbred line W605S for developing silage hybrids. Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF, P05228US). Coors, J.G., D.T Eilert, and P.J. Flannery. 2004. Release of Wisconsin Quality Synthetic Cycle 3 (WQS C3). Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF, P05177US). Coors, J.G., D.T Eilert, and P.J. Flannery. 2005. Release of Wisconsin Grazing Composite Cycle 2 (WGRCOMP C2). Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF, P05229US). Coors, J.G., D.T Eilert, and P.J. Flannery. 2005. Release of W701BC A multiple-eared inbred line of corn for production of baby corn. Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF, P05295US).

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