Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

2006 NCR-46 meeting. (January 26, 2006) Meeting called to order by Chair, Billy Fuller, at 8 am. In attendance: Billy Fuller (SD), Wade French (ND), Joe Spencer (IL), Bruce Eisley (OH), Ron Hammond(OH), Mark Sears (Canada), Christian Krupke (IN), Larry Bledsoe (IN), Bruce Hibbard (MO), Rick Hellmich (IA), Jon Tollefson (IA), Gerald Wilde (KS), Larry Buschman (KS), Randy Higgins (KS), Mark Boetel (ND), Dennis Calvin (PA), Brad McManus (ND), Pat Porter(TX), Steven Pueppke (Admin, MI), Lance Meinke (NE), Tom Sappington (IA), Eileen Cullen (WI), Elson Shields (NY), Mike Ellsbury (ND), David Onstad (IL), Charles Guse (IL). Preliminary Business Meeting: 1). Introductions & Announcements: 2). Local Arrangements: Mark Sears indicated that the registration fee would be US$80 ($50 for Thursday and $30 for Friday). 3). Approval of 2005 Minutes: 2005 minutes were approved. 4). Nominations committee: Christian Krupke nominated as 2007 Secretary, motion was seconded and approved. Wade French is Chair for 2007, Joe Spencer (2006 Secretary) will be 2008 Chair. 5). Time and Place Committee: Lance Meinke and Gerald Wilde proposed Dallas, TX. NC-205 is willing to meet there and enable a joint meeting. Potential dates: NC-205 prefers Week of Jan. 29th>Week of Feb. 2nd >Week of Jan. 22. 6). Old Business: a). Renewal Status: NCR-46 committee is up for renewal. Administrative Advisor, Dr. Steve Pueppke reminded NCR-46 members to sign up for the new project. b). Corn Rootworm Management Guide: Bruce Hibbard lead discussion of Guide which is listed as a formal objective; we will be held accountable for it. NCR-46 will discuss it in detail on 1/27/06. c). Regional Poncho Study: Billy presented 2 year multistate study comparing root injury and yield among treatments of Poncho (Clothianidin) and or Force (Tefluthrin). SD, IN, IA, MI, MN, OH and VA contributed to the data. Poncho gives a yield boost/enhancement above expected based on root injury. Boost was very evident w/ low or no pest pressure. Numerically, Poncho can be the lead product with respect to yield. Not yet conclusive. Lance added that there was no yield drag from Poncho and at low rate (250) it may provide some CRW control. The Issue of IRM for seed treatments was raised. Neonicitinoids + TG seed = a package. There is broad adoption of Neonicitinoids in NY, some counties are reaching ca. 100% coverage. Marketing may be trumping resistance management. State Reports 1). Distribution, abundance, and species composition: Iowa: Pop. Genetics of WCR and gene flow. Microsatellite panel compares gene frequencies across 10 Corn Belt sites. Pops are similar at neutral loci, despite distance between populations. Comparison of USDA-NGIRL colonies. Heterozygosity is similar, except for the Lab Reared, Non diapausing line which was down, also has reduced alleles (~5 vs. 7-8) compared to other lines. Normal diapausing lab colony is still field-like. Iowa: Intercontinental transport of WCR & the Europe spread study suggests there are WCR hotspots outside of the Eur. origin & spread areas. Multiple introductions in Europe. Canada: Rotation-resistant WCR is present. Indiana: Sweeps in soybean result in an Ind. county map for CRW. 2004 saw southern movement of WCR trouble, but in 2005, WCR slipped back to traditional pattern. Minor NCR presence. Iowa: Iowa is seeing more CRW in soybeans.. Extended diapause of NCR is common in E. Iowa. WCR are emerging in 1st year corn; the numbers are low for now. Sticky trap results indicate only low numbers of both NCR and WCR in soybean, not at trouble level. The Iowa scenario is like the 88 Illinois scenario. Minnesota: NCR distribution is changing. Expansion of CRW to north. Southeast MN is feeling NCR; cohort effect hypothesized: problems seen every other year with range expansion. Herbicide tolerant volunteer corn is present? CRW responses to volunteers may add to diapause troubles. Missouri: NCR are in continuous and rotated corn. Nebraska; There are more NCR in E. Nebraska. Many NCR in late-season soybean, studies needed into adult emergence in rotated corn. NCR are new in these areas. NCR distribution has changed since late 1990s. High WCR in some areas. New York: Shift to WCR from the past NCR predominance. Ohio: In NW OH there is weekly CRW trapping for 6 wks. Only 1 field above 5 beetles/trap threshold in NW state county, low numbers elsewhere. Rotation-resistant WCR are not a problem. Ohio: Most soybeans are sprayed for aphids. NCR pocket in NW OH, may be NCR diapause issue. Pennsylvania: PA = longer rotations with small grains. CRW population is WCR dominated. South Dakota: Study of simulated Roundup Ready corn; too early to report. North Dakota: NCR-WCR ratio is now 25:75. In C. and W. ND there are pockets of corn rotated with spring wheat with NCR damage. Wisconsin: Traps reveal WCR have risen since 2003. Uses 5 WCR/trap/day threshold. In 2005, five counties e threshold. High range is 5-13/trap/day. Presentation by Jeff Daniels of Bayer Crop Sciences: Gustafson/Bayer seed treatment products. 2). Behavior and ecology: Illinois: No movement rate differences (ca. 6.1 m/d) between males in a 20% structured refuge vs. 20% seed blend. South Dakota: Brookings lab: Block refuge study using Cry3Bb1 + Isoline for NCR. Refuge populations peaked before smaller peak in TG corn. Iowasee above. Kansas: No CRW feeding differences on YGRW vs. isoline; adults do not distinguish between varieties. Missouri: Neonate movement & host experience changes search. Larvae may not move to TG, or die attempting it. Host plant detection possible if C3 vs. C4 plants are used for larval feeding. Nebraska: See Abstract on resistant vs. susceptible CRW flight, also for larval movement, hatch, emergence, and OP-resistant/susceptible populations. High infestations have greater movement. Some larvae moved to end of sampling grid out to 1.5 m. John Foster work (described by Hibbard): 99% of WCR neonates die on 6-day-old YGRW corn, but if infested on previously infested roots, more larvae survive. 21% survive when introduced on damaged roots. 3). Biology: Rearing. Missouri: Selection with MON863 colonies. After 3 gen. of selection, Bt. colonies have no emergence reduction compared to isoline (in GH); are also normal sized. Less exposed colonies show reduced size on Bt. Same trend for larval weight. 4a). Management: transgenics: Texas: Are strip refuges better only when resistance is low, and blocks when resistance is higher? Indiana: Monsanto Refuge study. Three designs: block refuge (80-20), strip refuge plot, no-refuge, three reps in 2004 & 2005. No evidence that the refuges fill in first. Pops in transgenic not different from refuge. Emerging females were weighed & dissected. Delayed emergence in transgenic corn. A little overlap exists between female populations in the transgenic corn and refuge. Direct competition for mates between females in these populations? Female WCR from the YGRW areas were heavier than YGRW males, refuge males, and refuge females. Higher WCR populations found at edge of transgenic cornfields, lower in center of transgenic corn. Outside fields contribute to transgenic cornfield pops. No refuge differences due to edge effect. Kansas: Non-target papers (on CD). Minnesota: Appropriate timing for weed removal in transgenic corn? Remove grass out of system before it gets big. Grass extends CRW emergence curves. Eliminating Glyphosate-tolerant volunteer corn is an issue in Roundup Ready soybeans. Nebraska: Paper w/ Caprio and Model for Methylparathion resistance history are in press at JEE. Siegfried papers on mechanisms of resistance, genes related to BT receptors in larvae, cadherin genes, also coming out. New York: Corn pollen moves miles, with 6-9 h longevity with UV exposure; may remain aloft 10-noon, drops at 8pm. Movement window of most concern is that day between silk availability and local pollen shed; a window when long distance pollen can fall on silks. North Dakota: McManus thesis work is a study on non-target effects of transgenics using ladybugs. 4b). Management: sampling. North Dakota: Consistency scales & industry. Iowa uses 0.25 on 1-3 for consistency scale. Wisconsin uses 0.5 or 0.25 as a criterion; Illinois uses 0.5. Iowa: Screening Serbian varieties for HPR, also native commercial varieties for tolerance. Minnesota: Seed-treatments and transgenics examined for yield response. Root injury relationship to yield is improved if root length is included in damage assessment. Missouri; Native resistance program testing and mapping genes for HPR, screen native resistance and move it into other germplasm. 4c). Management: Resistance: The motion from the NC-205/NCR-46 joint meeting: Motion: The NC-205 committee informs the US-EPA that the committee believes that the scientific evidence is inadequate to make recommendations related to the use of insecticides on Bt refuge corn. Specifically, there is a need to: (a) develop a consistent theory on the effects of treating the refuge with insecticides; (b) understand present and changing insecticide use patterns in high insecticide use areas; (c) parameterize models for irrigated and non-irrigated corn in high insecticide use areas, including collecting and using new behavioral data on corn borers. Floor Discussion: Deals more with NC-205 interests; should we join? Ken Ostlie Joining could affect NCR-46 SAP participation. Randy Higgins Informal communication from the group/individuals suggested. Floor Discussion: Should NCR-46 add points or devise our own motion? Sugar Cane Borer (SCB) resistance to Cry1Ab was also noted. Tollefson: An issue for NC-205 to lead. Meeting adjourned at. 5:00 p.m. 2006 NCR-46 Meeting. (January 27, 2006): Called to order by Chair at 8 am. In attendance: Billy Fuller, Wade French, Joe Spencer, Bruce Eisley, Ron Hammond, Mark Sears, Christian Krupke, Larry Bledsoe, Bruce Hibbard, Jon Tollefson, Gerald Wilde, Randy Higgins, Mark Boetel, Dennis Calvin, Brad McManus, Pat Porter, Lance Meinke, Tom Sappington, Eileen Cullen, Elson Shields, Mike Ellsbury, David Onstad, Charles Guse. 4c). Management: Resistance: Spraying Refuges (continued). Elson Shields motioned that NCR-46 should join the NC-205 motion. The motion was seconded by Jon Tollefson. The motion passed without dissent. Pat Porter suggested that the NCR-46 role in this motion be to ask NC-205 to consult with us regarding the issue of sprayed refuge; Wade French, as the 2007 Chair, will contact NC-205. Floor Discusson: The issue of a motion regarding SCB borer was brought to the floor. Should NCR-46 defer to NC-205. Elson Shields proposed an NCR-46 motion to support the NC205 motion: The NCR-46 committee fully supports the efforts of the NC-205 to address the IRM and management concerns for sugar cane borer. Bruce Hibbard seconded motion, it passed unianimously. 4d). Management: Seed Treatments. Minnesota: Scouting & thresholds for seed treatments, plus technology fees should be included in revamped thresholds. South Dakota: Multistate proposal for NCR and thresholds is needed. Texas: Pat Porter: Irrigation costs are very significant; cost of water should be incorporated into IPM thinking. New York: 80% of corn in NY is getting a seed treatment at high or low ratefuture resistance troubles? South Dakota: Dealing with secondary insect pests is a new committee objectivethis is a new area of concern. White grubs discussed with respect to seed treatments. Indiana: Industry is experimenting with more precise application methods to overcome some smartbox pulsation issues. Iowa: IA report includes wireworm, white grubs trials on PDF. Grape colaspis on seedcorn (larval injury to roots) is a secondary pest issue. Should soil insecticides be used or is it possible to manage GC in soybean. Nothing definitive; corn tolerates GC grazing well. Plant height effects are evident if droughty conditions are present. Seed treatment and insecticide have effects, but not on yield. Adult sprays in soybean also hit BLB, Aphid, & etc. E. Iowa faces NCR problems, GC and potential WCR. Other student project: Herculex and black cutworm larvae: antibiotic or antixenosis effects. Cutworm larvae can get better after exposure. Affects on virus susceptibility involved. Nebraska; Corn colaspis is in Nebraska w/o problems. Illinois: More GC in soy/aerial samples. 4e). Management: Effects of Soybean aphid treatments on CRW IPM recommendations. Floor discussion about extension response to grower questions about efficacy of adult WCR control in soybean (inc. WCR killed as part of SBA management). Illinois: No IL threshold for WCR in soybean. Michigan: Aphid sprays are likely ineffective against WCR. Nebraska: NE also uses pyrethroids, but low residual effects. 5). Final Business Meeting. a) Meeting Minutes: To be submitted 60 d from meeting end. b) Committee Reports:Time and Place. Lance MeinkeCommittee recommends holding the 2007 meeting in Dallas on either Week of 29th Jan, 5th Feb, 22nd Jan. Motion proposed to accept Dallas with time tbd. Pat Porter will investigate. Elson Shields seconded the motion that passed unanimously. c) Management Guide: Chair Reminded group to keep impacts of our committee in mind as they are important for the use of administrators. Transitioned into management guide discussion. Ken Ostlie--We need to collect CRW distribution data. Lance Meinke--Commented that the second half needs improved flow. Lance Meinke-- Need to look closely at how it is pitched. NC-IPM Enhancement Program could be used to fund publication. Consensus that members should provide comments on the current revised guide to Lance, Bruce and Ken by 2/10/06. Lance MeinkeOutline will be revisited before group meets at NCB-ESA. Mark SearsCanadian perspective should be included. Randy HigginsAdministrative perspective: Including Canada is positive. Use sales to quantify publication impact. Meeting adjourned at 11:42 am.

Despite CRW impacts on U.S. corn production and a dynamic market for CRW management tools, no comprehensive source is available for information on CRW biology and management. The complexity of CRW management has increased significantly since the last academic review of corn rootworm biology in 1991: "Management of diabroticite rootworms in corn" (Levine and Olumi-Sadeghi 1991). Top concerns among today's pest management practitioners (e.g., rootworm-protected transgenic (Bt) corn hybrids, IRM, seed treatments, and resistance to crop rotation) were unknown in 1991. Recognizing the need, the membership of the North Central Region Corn Rootworm Technical Committee (NCR046) developed an up-to-date guide to CRW biology and management. In addition to being a IPM-based source for management information, the "Corn Rootworm Management Guide" will be a reference about CRW biology, ecology, adaptations, and insect resistance management in the context of current management options. As the group with responsibility for regional coordination of corn rootworm research, development of research and educational materials that promote sustainable and economically viable CRW management is a goal of NCR046 activities. A proposal for NC-IPM Center Enhancement Grant funds to support publication of the "Corn Rootworm Management Guide" was submitted by a writing subcommittee of NCR046 in early 2006. Publication of the "Corn Rootworm Management Guide" is one of our projected accomplishments for this year, if Enhancement grant funds can be secured. If the proposal is not funded, several other funding options remain available. There is great support for a "Corn Rootworm Management Guide" from industry, academia, and our grower constituents; NCR046 is committed to publishing the Guide as soon as is possible. Developing a finalized management guide text and submitting a proposal to support the publication are a significant accomplishment for NCR046.