Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

1. The meeting was called to order by Rebecca Krisher. 2. Comments from W-1171 administrators Dr. C.Y. Hu (W-1171 administrative advisor): Even though there was no numerical decrease in the funding amount for the National Research Initiative (NRI) last year, the real money (purchasing power) decreased. During the last 10 years the real money (purchasing power) has decreased by as much as 25%. The current push is to have more formula funds converted to NRI. It is proposed that formula funds be cut by 50% in the first year with the remaining 50% being cut in the second year. If enacted, this may enlarge the current USDA budget. However, directors of experiment stations nation-wide want formula funds increased by 100%. Theoretically, 25% of all formula funds should be spent on national projects, and accountability now is being examined more closely. This particular multi-state project (W1171) is highly productive in contrast to some projects that have had no progresses in the past 10- 20 years. Now and in the future, it is highly important to stress the impact statements in the annual progress reports. It is advisable to include the dollar amount saved by applying the research results, and use past tense. For multi-state projects, including W-1171, we need to have a collaborative impact. We need to strengthen our efforts in conducting collaborative projects. We are strong in our individual projects, but for a multi-state project collaborative impact/efforts are even more important. The W-1171 project was renewed in 2004, and it is scheduled to terminate on September 30, 2009. If a renewal is necessary and justified, the process must begin in mid-year 2007. Different stations may have to compete for renewal. The CREATE 21 idea was also briefly introduced. CREATE 21 is the acronym for Creating Research, Extension and Teaching Excellence in the 21st century. Potentially, a new institution may be created for studies of food, animal and natural resources, to be housed in the USDA. The new Director will be named by the president. It may be supported by competitive, intramural research and pork barrel funds. Dr. Mark Mirando (CSREES representative): An update on CSREES personnel and competitive programs was provided. It was specifically mentioned that 20% of all funds are saved for integrated projects. Awards are being made at higher budget amounts (up to $450,000). Proposals are welcomed from extension personnel. The integrative project proposals cant have objectives just for research, teaching, extension or education alone, but should combine objectives and goals for at least two of the four major areas. Last year, the NRI reproduction program funded one integrated proposal. Attention was drawn to proposals for conferences. To receive funding, conferences must be national in scope and have large attendance (100 people or more). The budgets for large conferences may be up to $10,000, whereas budgets for smaller conferences typically are funded at a level of $3,000 - 6,000. The funding rate for conference awards is about 90%. A question was raised by Jerry Yang regarding the status of a white paper on the use agricultural animals as models for biomedical research. Dr. Mirando commented that $1 billion may end up in the National Science Foundation. The funds may be in the form of pork barrel monies and NRI competitive programs. This is up to the decision by Congress who often listens to the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Sciences has high regards for NRI and will favor competitive programs, but other constituents may speak differently to Congress. 3. The minutes from the 2005 W-1171 Technical Committee Meeting were approved unanimously (moved by Tom Bunch and seconded by Cindy Tian). 4. New Members Update: Cindy Tian will contact Jianbo Yao (jianbo.yao@mail.wvu.edu), West Virginia University and John Gibbons (jgibbns@clemson.edu), Clemson University to invite them to join the project. 5. Election of a New Secretary for 2006: Curt Youngs was elected as secretary for the upcoming year, and Cindy Tian will assume the duties of chairperson and preside over the 2007 meeting. 6. Date and Location of 2007 meeting: The 2007 W-1171 annual meeting will be held in Kyoto, Japan, the evening before the IETS meeting. Cindy Tian will contact Jennifer Gavel to arrange for a meeting room and time. 7. Station reports: Due to time constraints, individual station reports by PIs were skipped so that more time could be allocated to discussion of collaborative projects among different stations. (It was felt that PIs were capable of reading the annual reports that were compiled prior to the meeting.) The attendees were divided into 4 different focus groups for discussion (stem cells, oocytes, embryo production, placental function). 8. Discussion of Joint Research Projects: Reports from each group were given on their plans for collaboration. Stem cell group: collaboration on adipose stem cell expression profiling; Oocyte group: a research proposal will be finalized and submitted to members of the group via e-mail after the meeting ; Embryo production group: continue with experiments devised at the 2005 meeting. Placental function group: collaborative experiments will be finalized after the meeting. 9. The meeting was adjourned.

The Arkansas Station demonstrated the use of sexed semen to produce embryos in vitro and evaluated survival after transfer to recipients. Fully mature oocytes may preferentially incorporate Y-bearing spermatozoa, but this does not exclude normal development after fertilization with X-bearing spermatozoa. Male embryos may develop at a higher rate after fertilization than females. The Colorado station confirmed that in vitro-produced bovine embryos cultured with phenazine ethosulfate in the CDM-1/CDM-2 system are much more normal with respect to lipid content than embryos produced without this compound. Cerulenin was not effective in decreasing lipid content of embryos. Fructose resulted in higher percentages of blastocysts per oocyte than glucose. A mini Percoll system was developed for isolating normal stallion sperm from small aliquots of frozen semen. Bovine embryos were vitrified efficaciously with PVA and Ficoll 70 as the only macromolecules in vitrifying media. The California station obtained results to further our understanding of the effects of environmental temperature stress during oocyte maturation and of porcine epididymal development, which affects sperm maturation. Although epididymal development may be affected by altering steroid levels, and both alpha and beta forms of the estrogen receptor and the androgen receptor are present during development, altering estrogen levels did not appear to affect receptor levels. Abnormal development of placentomes was observed already at Day 30 of gestation, which likely account for placental dysfunction in somatic cell nuclear transfer conceptuses. The Connecticut station compared the expression profiles of embryos from nuclear transfer, IVF and superovulation by DNA microarray; produced thousands of sexed bovine IVF embryos and conducted a large ET trial in China and obtained high pregnancy rates. The Illinois station developed a method to decrease polyspermy in swine during in vitro fertilization using a microchannel culture system, which provides a culture environment that more closely mimics the in vivo environment. Mammary-specific transgenic over-expression of IGF-I significantly increased milk IGF-I and IGFBP content, and provides a method to manipulate lactation persistency in swine. Adult stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue in swine and successfully differentiated them into fat-producing mature adipocytes after transplantation in vivo. The Indiana station further elucidated the mechanisms of meiosis and cytoplasmic maturation in porcine oocytes. Glucose metabolism is critical for both the initiation of nuclear maturation, and is also reflective of developmental potential. Five proteins that are differentially present in oocytes of low and high developmental potential were isolated and identified, possibly reflecting mechanisms involved in the acquisition of developmental competence. Efforts to identify differentially expressed genes in oocytes of low and high quality were initiated. This research will allow scientists to develop markers of oocyte quality that can be used to identify oocytes before embryo transfer that will be more likely to result in healthy offspring. The Iowa station demonstrated that a 250 mg dose of rbST was inadequate to enhance superovulatory response in Jersey cows. The Louisiana station continued effort to save germplasm from deceased bulls. Epididymal sperm harvested from testes of deceased males were found to be viable following both immediately after collection as well as following freezing and thawing. In collaboration with Illinois established that adding a small amount of progesterone to the in vitro culture medium can increase the number and the quality of cattle embryos produced from standard in vitro fertilization. Documented that long-term, continuous culture of cattle fibroblasts enhances the chances of aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes). The Maryland station determined the mRNA and protein expression patterns of the transcription factor NANOG during preimplantation development. NANOG mRNA and protein expression was initiated at 8-cell stage. The NANOG mRNA expression is downregulated in trophectoderm of goat blastocysts, and protein appears to be sequestered and degraded in a process involving nucleolar localization. Goat and bovine NANOG mRNA was detected, and the full open reading frame (ORF) was sequenced. The sequence (AY786437) was updated from the initial partial ORF submitted to GenBank. A fusion construct consisting of the bovine NANOG promoter and GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene has been demonstrated to be functional. The expression patterns of key components in pathways known to be involved in embryonic stem cell maintenance were identified in bovine blastocysts and ICM outgrowths. This knowledge will aid in the derivation and characterization of ruminant embryonic stem cell lines. The Oregon station demonstrated that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a potent reversible inhibitor of bovine endodermal cell migration on vitronectin in vitro. It is likely bovine endodermal cells use the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor to bind vitronectin during migration from the inner cell mass. The timely appearance of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, of either endodermal or trophectodermal origin, may provide the signal for completion of the extra-embryonic endoderm. The North Carolina station identified gene expression differences between porcine placentae differing in efficiency, identified differences between placentas from in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos in vascular morphometry as well as gene expression, and confirmed conservation of genomic imprinting in swine placenta for over 10 known imprinted genes. A somatic cell nuclear transfer method was developed for swine that can generate both transgenic and non-transgenic offspring at high efficiencies. mRNAs associated with the resumption of meiosis in mammalian oocytes (cattle and mice) were identified. Bovine oocytes were prevented from undergoing meiotic maturation by blocking expression of a novel mRNA associated with meiosis. Demonstrated that COC held in meiotic arrest can be used in subsequent in vitro fertilization procedures without detrimental effects on oocyte developmental capacity. The Utah station demonstrated that a linear arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide can block fertilization and that the amino acids surrounding the RGD sequence have an impact on the biological activity of the RGD receptor. Identified 2 proteins containing a RGD tripeptide sequence whose expressions differs between oocyte adsorbed and nonadsorbed proteins. Generated a list of sperm ligands that apparently interact with oocyte receptors, as well as a list of oocyte receptor proteins that apparently interact with sperm ligands. Learned that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein inhibited oocyte activation, while tyrosine kinase activator sodium orthovanadate induced oocyte activation. The specific Src family kinase inhibitor PP1 inhibited oocyte activation, whereas an antibody directed against focal adhesion kinase, a mediator of integrin associated pathways, blocked oocyte activation. Wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of PI3-kinase had no effect on oocyte activation. These data indicate the involvement of tyrosine kinases, specifically one or more Src family kinases and focal adhesion kinase. Learned that eExposure of bovine oocytes to nicotine, at levels of 4, 6 or 10 mM, during oocyte maturation increased the incidence of aneuploidy, and exposure of oocytes to 10 mM nicotine inhibited the percentage of oocytes that extruded the first polar body. Immunoflurencence staining revealed irregular anaphase I and telophase I spindles after oocyte exposure to nicotine at levels of 1.2 mM or higher. Demonstrated that oocytes derived from cows have a greater capacity to reprogram donor cell DNA following nuclear transfer as compared with heifer oocytes (based on in vitro development to the 2-cell stage and to the compacted morula/blastocyst stages). Nuclear transfer embryos derived from cow oocytes resulted in significantly higher rates of pregnancy establishment than embryos derived from heifer oocytes as well as higher pregnancy retention to 90 and 180 days of gestation and to term. Following delivery more nuclear transfer calves derived from cow oocytes tended to be healthy and normal than those derived from heifer oocytes. Observed that exposure of donor cell nuclei to oocyte cytoplasm for more than 2.5 hours prior to activation resulted in abnormal chromatin morphology, and reduced development to compacted morula/blastocyst stages in vitro; however following transfer of embryos to recipients there was no difference in pregnancy rates throughout gestation. Found that removal of cumulus cells and centrifugation of maturing bovine oocytes affected the pattern of spindle microtubule distribution and division of chromosomes. The USDA Station (ARS Biotechnology and Germplasm Lab ) adapted the small amplified RNA-SAGE technique, which enables reliable analysis of as little as 50 ng total RNA, for use in porcine conceptus transcriptome studies. Utilization of SAR-SAGE enables a 33-fold reduction in the number of embryos needed to establish gene expression profiles in day 6 in vivo- and in vitro-derived embryos. Characterized mesoderm-related changes (via brachyury expression) in the embryonic disc of elongating (ovoid, tubular, and filamentous stages) porcine embryos and demonstrated that the progression of trophectoderm elongation and embryonic disc differentiation in the pig conceptus are independent of each other as is the case for other ungulates. To facilitate rapid and more extensive cellular analyses of boar sperm before and after storage and cryopreservation, we developed different techniques using dual staining flow cytometric to measure 1) formation of reactive oxygen species using two different fluorescent probes, 2) mitochondrial inner membrane charge potential, and 3) the physiological effect of the respiration inhibitor, menadione. Stable and long-lived bovine trophectoderm cell lines from NT, IVP, parthenogenetic, and in vivo embryos were characterized by 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrophotometric analysis. New stable endoderm and trophoblast cell lines from in vivo-derived porcine embryos were established. The endoderm cell lines have been characterized thoroughly. The Virginia station learned that the post-thaw morphological evaluation of sperm samples revealed a decrease in the percentages of normal spermatozoa in the 3 wk-PI samples in comparison with the Pre-insult samples for Bulls I and Bull III. The percentage of vacuolated spermatozoa increased significantly for Bull II. There was no apparent change in abnormal sperm populations for Bull IV. The cleavage and blastocyst formation rates and embryo development scores were affected by the interaction of bull by sample collection time. For Bulls I and III (severe responders) the scrotal insulation effects persisted from the time of cleavage through blastocyst formation. In the second study zygotes were cultured and subpopulations were removed from culture at Day 4 and 8 and subjected to either the TUNEL or caspase assay. The apoptotic index and caspase intensity were recorded and no differences in the apoptotic index were found in embryos generated from the semen samples for Bull I. The apoptotic index for Bull III for the 3 wk-PI embryos (34.9%) was significantly lower than the activity for the Control (43.2%) and 2 wk-PI embryos (41.4 %). On Day 8 caspase intensity increased significantly for both Bull I (217 ± 147) and Bull III (229 ± 98) for the 3 wk-PI embryo groups compared to the equivalent embryo groups for Bull II (98 ± 115) and Bull IV (90 ± 111). The Wisconsin station showed that in vitro produced cattle embryos transferred to surrogate dams can be recovered by usual flushing techniques up to day 14. Recovered embryos can be examined or otherwise evaluated and then retransferred for term gestation to new surrogate dams. Further we have shown that embryos resulting from flow cytometry sorted semen were compromised in developmental potential.

REFEREED ARTICLES/BOOK CHAPTERS: ARKANSAS: Burke, J.M., C.F. Rosenkrans, R.W. Rorie, C. Golden and J.K. Apple. 2006. Reproductive responses of ram lambs under short-term exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. Small Rum Res (in press). Post, N.M., D.L. Kreider and R.W. Rorie. 2005. Timed insemination in beef heifers after synchronization of estrus with controlled intravaginal drug releasing (CIDR) device and mesengesterol acetate (MGA). Prof. Anim. Sci 21:107-113. Post, N.M., D.L. Kreider, R.W. Rorie and T.D. Lester. 2005. Timed AI in postpartum beef cows using melengestrol acetate, PGF2alpha and GnRH. Prof. Anim. Sci 21:17-21. CALIFORNIA: At-Taras, E.E., A.J. Conley, T. Berger, and J.F. Roser. 2006. Reducing estrogen synthesis does not affect gonadotropin secretion in the developing boar. Biology Reproduction(in press). Batchelder, C.A., K. Hoffert, M. Bertolini, A.L. Moyer, J.B. Mason, S.G. Petkov, T.R. Famula and G.B. Anderson. 2006. Effect of the nuclear-donor cell lineage, type, and cell donor on development of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in cattle. Cloning and Stem Cells (in press). Hoffert, K.A, C.A. Batchelder, M. Bertolini, A.L. Moyer, T.R. Famula, D.L. Anderson, and G.B. Anderson. 2006. Measures of maternal-fetal interaction in day-30 bovine pregnancies derived from nuclear transfer. Cloning and Stem Cells (in press). Khalil,M.B.; K. Chakrabandhu, H. Xu, W. Weerachatyanukul, M. Buhr, T. Berger, E. Carmona, N. Vuong, P. Kumarathasan, , P. T.T. Wong, D. Carrier, and N. Tanphaichitr. 2006. Sperm capacitation induces an increase in lipid rafts having zona pellucida binding ability and containing sulfogalactosylglycerolipid. Developmental Biology (in press). COLORADO: Eldridge-Panuska, W.D., V. Caracciolo di Brienza, G.E. Seidel, Jr., E.L. Squires and E.M. Carnevale. 2005. Establishment of pregnancies after serial dilution or direct transfer by vitrified equine embryos. Theriogenology 63:1308-1319. Lindsey, A.C., D.D. Varner, G.E. Seidel, Jr., J.E. Bruemmer and E.L. Squires. 2005. Hysteroscopic or rectally guided, deep-uterine insemination of mares with spermatozoa stored at 18 h at either 5°C or 15°C prior to flow-cytometric sorting. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 85:125-130. Preis, K.A., G.E. Seidel, Jr. and D.K. Gardner. 2005. Metabolic markers of developmental competence for in vitro-matured mouse oocytes. Reproduction 130:475-483. CONNECTICUT: Chang C.C., Y.H. Ma, S. Jacobs, X.C. Tian, X. Yang, and T.Rasmussen. 2005. Histone macroH2A1 expression dynamics during material to embryonic transition. Dev Biol 278:367-380. Chaubal S.A., J.A. Molina, C.A. Ohlrichs, L.B. Ferre, D.C. Faber, P.E.J. Bols, J. Riesen, X.C. Tian, and X.Yang. 2006. Different transvaginal ovum pick-up techniques in cows to optimize oocyte retrieval and embryo production over a fixed period of time. Theriogenology (in press). Curchoe, C., S.Q. Zhang, L. Yang, Y.F. Bin, X.Q. Zhang, D.Y. Feng, and X.C. Tian. 2005. Promoter-specific expression of the imprinted IGF2 gene in cattle. Biol Reprod 73:1275-1281. Du, F., P. Shen, J. Xu, L. Sung, B.-S. Jeong, J. Riesen, W.T.K. Cheng, S.-N. Lee, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2006. Phytohemagglutinin-cell agglutination agent and embryo vitrification improves the efficiency of somatic cloning in cattle (Bos Taurus). Theriogenology (in press). Enright. B.P., L.Y. Sung, C.C. Chang, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2005. Methylation and acetylation characteristics of cloned bovine embryos from donor cells treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Biol Reprod 72:944-948. Nedambale T.L., X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2006. Effects of culture media on the development of in vitro-derived bovine embryos, and of 2-mercaptoethanol on post-vitrification survival. Anim Reprod Sci (in press). Smith, S.L., R.E. Everts, X.C. Tian, F. Du, L.-Y. Sung, S. Rodrigues-Zas, B.-S. Jeong, J.P. Renard, H.A. Lewin, and X. Yang. 2005. Global gene expression profiles of cloned blastocysts reveal significant nuclear reprogramming. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 102:17582-17587. Sung, L.-Y., F. Du, J. Xu, W. Chang, T.L Nedambale, J. Zhang. S. Jiang, X.C. Tian, and X. Yang. 2005. The effect of albumin and sodium citrate on the development of in vitro produced bovine embryos under different oxygen tension. Reprod Nutr Dev 44:551-64. Suteevun, T., R. Parnpai, S.L. Smith, C.-C. Chang, S. Muenthaisong, and X.C. Tian. 2006. Epigenetic characteristics of cloned and in vitro fertilized swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos. J Anim Sci (in press) Suteevan, T., S. Smith, S. Muentaisong, X. Yang, R. Parnpai, and X.C. Tian. 2006. Temporal expression of chromatin remodeling genes in single swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cloned and in vitro fertilized embryos. Theriogenology (in press). Tian, X.C., C. Kubota, K. Sakashita, Y. Izaike, R. Okano, N. Tabara, C. Curchoe, L. Jacob, Y. Zhang, S. Smith, C. Bormann, S. Andrew, and X. Yang. 2005. Meat and milk compositions of bovine clones compared with matched controls. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 6261-6266. Vasques, L.R., R. Stabellini, F. Xue, X.C. Tian, M. Soukoyan, and L.V. Pereira. 2006. Xist repression in the absence of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3B. J DNA Research (in press). Wang, L., E. Duan, L.-Y. Sung, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2005. Generation and characterization of pluripotent putative stem cells from cloned bovine embryos. Biol Reprod 73:149-155. Yang, L., P. Chavatte-Palmer, C. Kubota, M. O'Neill, M. Taneja, T. Hoagland, J.-P. Renard, X. Yang X, and X.C. Tian. 2005. Expression of imprinted genes is aberrant in deceased newborn cloned calves and relatively normal in surviving adult clones. Mol Reprod Dev 71:431-438. ILLINOIS: Clark, S.G., D.J. Beebe, and M.B. Wheeler. 2005. Reduction of polyspermic penetration using novel microfluidic technology during in vitro fertilization. Lab on a Chip 5:1229-1232. Hartke, J.L., M.H. Monaco, M.B. Wheeler, and S.M. Donovan. 2005. Effect of a short-term fast on intestinal disaccharidase activity and villus morphology in piglets suckling insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) transgenic sows. J. Animal Sci. 83:2404-2413. Monaco, M.H., D.E. Gronlund, G.T. Bleck, W.L. Hurley, M.B. Wheeler, and S.M. Donovan. 2005. Mammary specific transgenic over-expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increases pig milk IGF-I and IGF binding proteins, with no effect on milk composition or yield. Transgenic Research 14:761-777. Reeder, A.L., M.O. Ruiz, A. Pessier, L.E. Brown, J.M. Levengood, C.A. Phillips, M.B. Wheeler, R.E. Warner, and V.R. Beasley. 2005. Intersexuality and the cricket frog decline: Historic and geographic trends. Environ Health Perspect 113:261-265. Zeringue, H.C., M.B. Wheeler, and D.J. Beebe. 2005. A microfluidic method for removal of the zona pellucida from mammalian embryos. Lab on a Chip, 5:108-110. INDIANA: Herrick, J.R., E. Behboodi, E. Memili, S. Blash, Y. Echelard, and R.L. Krisher. 2006. Metabolism, protein content and in vitro embryonic development of goat cumulus-oocyte complexes matured with physiological concentrations of glucose and L-lactate. Molecular Reproduction and Development 73:256-266. (Published Online: 25 Oct 2005.) Herrick, J.R., A.M. Brad, and R.L. Krisher. 2006. Chemical manipulation of glucose metabolism in porcine oocytes: Effects on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in vitro. Reproduction (in press). IOWA: Godke, R.A. and C. R. Youngs. 2005. Biotechnology: Embryo Technology for Cattle. W. Pond (ed). Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, NY. pp.136-138. (reviewed book chapter) Youngs, C.R. and R.A. Godke. 2006. Biotechnology: Cattle Embryo Transfer Technology. In (D.R. Heldman, A. Bridges, D. Hoover, and M.B. Wheeler, Eds.) Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY (in press). LOUISIANA: Behboodi, E., S. L. Ayres, E. Memili, B.C. Reggio, M. O'Coin, L. H. Chen, A. Landry, H. M. Meade, R. A. Godke and Y. Echelard. 2005. Health and reproductive profiles of transfected somatic cell nuclear transfer derived goats producing malaria antigen. Cloning & Stem Cells 7(2):107-108. Godke, R.A. and C. R. Youngs. 2005. Biotechnology: Embryo Technology for Cattle. W. Pond (ed). Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, NY. pp.136-138. (reviewed book chapter) Landry, A.M., D.J. Landry, L.R. Gentry, H.L. Green, B. Reggio, K.L. Koonce, Y. Echlard and R.A. Godke. 2005. Endocrine profiles and growth patterns of goats produced by nuclear transfer. Cloning & Stem Cells 7(4):214-225. Luster, S.M., M. Murakami, S.P. Leibo, R.S. Denniston Y. Echelard, and R.A. Godke. 2006. Pregnancies resulting from nuclear transfer embryos derived from vitrified bovine oocytes. Cryobiology (in press). Murakami, M., T.R. Davidson, C.E. Ferguson, Y. Echelard and R. A. Godke. 2006. Use of the amniotic cavity of the developing chick embryo for culturing bovine 8-cell embryos derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer. Molec. Reprod. Develop. (in press). Murakami, M., C.E. Ferguson, O. Perez, A. Boediono, D. Paccamonti, K. Bondioli and R. A. Godke. 2006. Transfer of inner cell mass cells derived from bovine nuclear transfer embryos into the trophoblast of bovine in vitro-produced embryos. Cloning & Stem Cells (in press). Nel-Themaat, L., G.D. Harding, J.E. Chandler, J.F. Chenevert, P. Damiani, J.M. Fernandez, P.E. Humes, C.E. Pope and R.A. Godke. 2006. Quality and freezability of first and second ejaculates collected from endangered Gulf Coast native rams. Anim. Reprod. Sci. (in press). Poleo, G.A., R. A. Godke and T.R. Tiersch. 2005. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection using cryopreserved, fixed and freeze-dried sperm in eggs of Nile tilapia. Marine Biotechnol. 7(2): 104-111. Sansinena, M., D. Hylan, K. Hebert, R.S. Denniston and R.A. Godke. 2005. Benteng (Bos Javanicus) embryos and pregnancies produced by interspecies nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 63(4):1081-1091. Wirtu G, A. Cole, C.E. Pope, C.R. Short, R. A. Godke and B.L Dresser. 2005. Handling eland antelope (Taurotragus oryx) for reproductive technology procedures without inducing general anesthesia: Roles of behavioral training and hydraulic chute. J. Zoo Wildlife Med. 36(1):1-11. MARYLAND: Betts, D.H., Perault, S.D., Petrik, J., Lin, L., Favetta, L.A., Keefer, C.L., King, W.A. (2005). Telomere length analysis in goat clones and their offspring. Molecular Reproduction and Development 72(4):461-470. Lazaris, A., R. Keyston, and C.L. Keefer. 2006. Transgenesis using nuclear transfer in goats. In: (P. Verma and A. Trounson , Eds.) Methods In Molecular Biology (in press). NORTH CAROLINA: Farin, P.W., J.A. Piedrahita, and C.E. Farin. 2006. Errors in development of fetuses and placentas from in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Theriogenology (in press). Miles J.R., C.E. Farin, K.F. Rodriguez, J.E. Alexander, and P.W. Farin. 2005. Effects of embryo culture on angiogenesis and morphometry of bovine placentas during early gestation. Biol Reprod 73:663-671. Mir, B., G. Zaunbrecher, G.S. Archer, T. Friend, and J.A. Piedrahita. 2005. Progeny of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) clones are phenotypically similar to non-cloned pigs. Cloning and Stem Cells 7:119-125. OREGON: Singleton, C. and A.R. Menino, Jr. 2005. Effects of inhibitors of integrin binding on cellular outgrowth from the bovine inner cell mass. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Animal 40:29-37. UTAH: Li, G-P., Y. Liu, T.D. Bunch, K.L. White, and K.I. Aston. 2005. Asymmetric division of spindle microtubules and microfilaments during bovine meiosis from metaphase I to metaphase III. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 71:220-226. Li, G-P., Y. Liu, K.L. White, and T.D. Bunch. 2005. Cytogentic analysis of diploidy in cloned bovine embryos using an improved air-dry karyotyping method. Theriogenology. 63:2434-2444. Meerdo, L.N., Reed, W.A., and K.L. White. 2005. Telomere to centromere ratio of bovine clones, embryos, gametes, fetal cells, and adult cells. Cloning and Stem Cells. 7:61-72. Wang, S., K.E. Panter, W. Gaffield, R.C. Evans and T.D. Bunch. 2005. Effects of steroidal glycoalkaloids from potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) on in vitro bovine embryo development. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 85:243-250. USDA-ARS (Beltsville): Blomberg, L.A., and K.A. Zuelke. 2005. Expression analysis of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) gene in developing porcine conceptuses. Mol Reprod Dev 72(4):419-29. de A. Camargo, L.S., A.M. Powell, V.R. Do Vale Filho, and R.J. Wall. 2005. Comparison of gene expression in individual preimplantation bovine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization or somatic cell nuclear transfer. Journal of Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17:487-469. Guthrie, H.D., R.J. Wall, V.G. Pursel, J.A. Foster-Frey, D.M. Donovan, H.D. Dawson, G.R. Welch, and W.G. Garrett. 2005. Follicular expression of a human 2-cell leukaemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) transgene does not decrease atresia or increase ovulation rate in swine. Reprod. Fert. Dev. 17: 457-466. Guthrie, H.D. and G.R. Welch. 2005. Impact of extender and cryopreservation on membrane and morphological integrity in boar sperm. Theriogenology 63:396-410. Guthrie, H.D. and G.R. Welch. 2005. Effects of hypothermic liquid storage and cryopreservation on basal and induced membrane phospholipid disorder and acrosome exocytosis in boar spermatozoa. Reprod. Fert. Dev. 17:467-477. Talbot, N.C., T.J. Caperna, A.M. Powell, A.D. Ealy, L.A. Blomberg, and W.M. Garrett. 2005. Isolation and characterization of a bovine visceral endoderm cell line derived from a parthenogenetic blastocyst. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Animal 41:130-141. Wall, R.J., A.M. Powell, M.J. Paape, D.E. Kerr, D.D.Bannerman, V.G. Pursel, K.D. Wells, N.C. Talbot, and H.W. Hawk. 2005. Genetically enhanced cows resist intramammary staphylococcus aureus infection. Nature Biotechnology 23(4):445-451. VIRGINIA: Walters, A.H., W.E. Eyestone, R.G. Saacke, R.E. Pearson, and F.C. Gwazdauskas. 2005. Bovine embryo development after IVF with spermatozoa having abnormal morphology. Theriogenology 63: 1925-1937. Walters, A.H., R.G. Saacke, R.E. Pearson, and F.C. Gwazdauskas. 2005. The incidence of apoptosis after IVF with morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. Theriogenology 64: 1404-1421. WISCONSIN: Block, J. R.M. Rivera, M. Drost, F.D. Jousan, C.R. Looney, F.T. Silvestre, F.F. Paula-Lopes, O.M. Ocon, H. Rosson, T.R. Bilby, R.L. Monson, J.J. Rutledge and P.J. Hansen. 2005. Effects of bovine somatotropin and timed embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in non-lactating cattle. Vet. Record 156:175-176. Fischer-Brown, A., A. Crooks, S. Leonard, R. Monson, D. Northey, and J.J. Rutledge. 2005. Parturition following transfer of embryos produced in two media under two oxygen concentrations. Animal Reproduction Science 87(3-4):215-228. Franco, M., J. Block, F.D. Jousan, L.A. de Castro e Paula, A.M. Brad, J.M. Franco, R.L. Grisel, R.L. Monson, J.J. Rutledge and P.J. Hansen. 2006. Effect of transfer of one or two in vitro-produced embryos and post-transfer administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone on pregnancy rates of heat-stressed dairy cattle. Theriogenology (in press). Wheeler, M.B., J.J. Rutledge, A. Fischer-Brown, T. VanEtten, S. Malusky and D.J. Beebe. 2005. Application of sexed semen technology to in vitro embryo production in cattle. Theriogenology 65: 219-227. Zeringue, H.C., J.J. Rutledge and D.J. Beebe. 2005. Early mammalian embryo development depends on cumulus removal technique. Lab Chip 586-590. B. BOOKS, INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA, NON-REFEREED BOOK CHAPTERS, PROCEEDINGS FROM SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS, AND THESES/DISSERTATIONS COLORADO: Coutinho da Silva, M.A. 2005. Effects of Milk Proteins on Intracellular Ca2+ Concentration and Binding of Stallion Sperm to Zonae Pellucidae. Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Lindbloom, S. 2005. Roles of EGF-Like Growth Factors and Phosphodiesterases in Initiation of Oocyte Maturation in the Equine Follicle. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2005. Mapping and sequencing the bovine genome  implications for the beef industry. Proc. 2005 Colorado Nutrition Round Table, pp. 1-9. Seidel, G.E., Jr., E.M. Carnevale, E.L. Squires, J.F. Hasler and R.J. Mapletoft. 2005. New approaches to cryopreservation: Vitrification of bovine and equine embryos. Proc. VI Simposio Internacional Reproduccion Animal, Cordoba, Argentina, pp. 327-342. Walker, D.J. 2005. A Simple Efficacious Method for Vitrifying Bovine Embryos. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. CONNECTICUT: Bormann, C. 2005. Optimization of Parthenogenetic Development of Bovine and Porcine Oocytes Activated With a Triple Activation Regimen. PhD Dissertation, University of Connecticut. Chaubal, C. 2005. Optimization of Ovum Pick-Up in Cattle. PhD Dissertation, University of Connecticut. Chang, C.-C. 2005. The Generation of a Haploid Genome from Somatic Cell and Growing Oocytes. PhD Dissertation, University of Connecticut. Tian XC. 2005. The role of epigenetic modification in somatic cell cloning. Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Reproductive Technology Symposium, Bankok, Thailand, Nov 3-7, 2005, pp. ILLINOIS: Malusky, S.A., and M.B. Wheeler. 2005. Impact of biotechnology on animal production. VI Simposio Internacional de Reproduction Animal 6:23-51. Wheeler, M.B. J.J. Rutledge, A. Fischer-Brown, S.A. Malusky, and D.J. Beebe. 2005. Application of novel in-vitro culture techniques and sexed semen technology in cattle VI Simposiom Internacional de Reproduction Animal 6:297-314. IOWA: Jahnke, Marianna Moreira. 2005. Strategies to Increase the Number of FSH-Receptive Follicles at the Initiation of Superovulation in Cattle. M.S. Thesis, Iowa State University, 60 pages. Youngs, C.R. and R.A. Godke. 2005. Early Stage Mammalian Embryos. IETS Autotutorial Training CD. International Embryo Transfer Society. Savoy, IL. (In press). LOUISIANA: Godke , R.A. and K.R. Bondioli. 2005. Transvaginal oocyte aspiration and in vitro fertilization in beef cattle. Taurus 15:60-61. Godke , R.A. and K.R. Bondioli. 2005. Transvaginal oocyte aspiration and in vitro fertilization in beef cattle. Proc 4th World Italian Beef Cattle Congress. pp. 41-51. Landry, A.M. 2005. Recontruction of Nuclear Transfer Embryos in Goats and Cattle. PhD Dissertation. Louisiana State University. . Shin, J. 2005. The Effect of Age and Sex on the Growth Pattern of Bovine Cell Lines. MS Thesis, Louisiana State University. Youngs, C.R. and R.A. Godke. 2005. Early Stage Mammalian Embryos. IETS Autotutorial Training CD. International Embryo Transfer Society. Savoy, IL. (In press). USDA- ARS (Beltsville): Bannerman, D.D. and R.J. Wall. 2005. A novel strategy for the prevention of staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in dairy cows. Information Systems for Biotechnology (IBS) News Report. Donovan, D.M., D.E. Kerr, and R.J. Wall. 2005. Engineering disease resistant cattle. Transgenic Research (in press). Kerr, D.E., D.D. Bannerman, M.J. Paape,and R.J. Wall. 2005. Can we engineer genetic resistance to mastitis? Mastitis Council Meeting Proceedings. NMC 2005 Regional Meeting Proceedings, Burlington, VT, pp. 31-36. New & Views commentary by Pascal Rainard, Tackling mastitis in dairy cows. Nature Biotechnology 23:430432, April 4, 2005. Zuelke, K.A., J. McDougal, L.A. Blomberg, and E.L. Long. 2005. Molecular aspects of sperm oviduct interactions in poultry. British Andrology Society Annual Meeting, Sheffield, UK. November 15-19, 2006. UTAH: White, K.L., G.L. Woods, D.K. Vanderwall, G. Li, and T.D. Bunch. 2005. Cloning the Equine. In Epigenetic Risks of Cloning., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. pp 59 - 70. C. ABSTRACTS ARKANSAS: Elkins, D.A. and R.W. Rorie. 2006. Effect of social status of dairy heifers on expression of estrus and subsequent fertility. ASAS, Southern Section. (in press). Post, N.M., D.L. Kreider, R.W. Rorie and T.D. Lester. 2005. Effects of supplemental progesterone in a timed insemination protocol in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl 2):12. CALIFORNIA: Ducummon, C.C. and T. Berger. 2005 The GTPases Rho, Rac, and CDC42 are present in porcine sperm and at least one plays a role in mediating the zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction. Biol. Reprod. (Special Issue) Pearl, C., T. Berger, and J.F. Roser. 2005 Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, And androgen receptor in the boar epididymis throughout development and after aromatase inhibition. Biol. Reprod. (Special Issue): 215. Ramesh, R., T.Berger, E. At-Taras, C. Pearl, A.Conley, and J.F. Roser. 2005 Ontogeny of estrogen and androgen receptor expression in porcine Sertoli cells: effects of reducing local testicular estrogen synthesis using an aromatase inhibitor. Biol. Reprod. (Special Issue): 221. COLORDAO: Barcelo-Fimbres, M. and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2005. Effects of glucose on fructose and metabolic regulators (DNP, PES, Cerulenin) on bovine embryo development and lipid accumulation. Biol. Reprod. (Special Issue), p. 149. Campos-Chillon, L., T. Suh, E. Carnevale and G. Seidel, Jr. 2005. Effect of meiotic arrest by roscovitine and subsequent IVM time on developmental competence of immature bovine oocytes. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:271 (abstr. #241). Coutinho da Silva, M.A., G.E. Seidel, Jr., J.K. Graham, E.L. Squires and E.M. Carnevale. 2005. Effects of milk proteins and extracellular calcium concentration on the intracellular calcium concentration of stallion sperm. Theriogenology 64:802 De La Torre-Sanchez, J., D. Gardner, K. Preis and G. Seidel, Jr. 2005. Regulation of glucose metabolism to decrease lipid content of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:218 (abstr. #135). Horvath, G., L. Solti and G. Seidel. 2005. Vitrification of bovine oocytes treated with cholesterol-loaded methyl-$-cyclodextrin. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:193-194 (abstr. #87). Kutvolgyi, G., T. Suh, E. Carnevale and G. Seidel, Jr. 2005. Use of pentoxifylline and hyaluronic acid for stallion sperm separation. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:310 (abstr. #319). Kutvolgyi, G., T. Suh, E. Carnevale and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2005. Morphologic evaluations after using pentoxifylline and hyaluronic acid for stallion sperm separation. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 40:407. Preis, K., G. Seidel, Jr. and D. Gardner. 2005. Markers of oocyte competence during in vitro maturation. Reproduction Abstr. Series 32:48. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2005. Maintaining the mammalian embryo in vitro. Proc. Reproductive Science and Medicine Symposium, University of Saskatchewan, p. 5. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2005. Transgenic vertebrates -- the long road to practical application. Transgenic Res. 14:341. Suh, T.K. and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2005. Activation of protein kinase C and subsequent inhibition of protein phosphorylation improve embryonic development of bovine oocytes after ICSI. Biol. Reprod. (Special Issue), pp. 156-157. Suh, T.K., G.E. Seidel, Jr. and S. Purcell. 2005. Effect of protein kinase C activation followed by kinase inhibition on embryonic development of in vivo-derived equine oocytes after ICSI. Proc. Havemeyer Symposium, p. 19. Walker, D. and G. Seidel. 2005. Vitrification of bovine embryos without animal-derived products. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:153 (abstr. #6). Zhang, M., K.H. Lu and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2005. Blastocyst development of male and female bovine embryos produced by IVF with flow cytometrically-sorted sperm. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:306-307 (abstr. #312). CONNECTICUT: Chang, W.C., J. Xu, S. Jiang X.C. Tian, X. Yang, and F.L. Du. 2005. Effect of pre-equilibration procedure on the development potential of vitrified oocytes after IVF in cattle. Reprod Fert Dev 17: 190-191. Chaubal, S., S. Bartolotta, M. Belski, G. Cimmino, H. Claus, C. Megyola, M. Orefice, B. Henderson, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2005. Genetic influence on follicular development in cattle Reprod Fert Dev 17:251-252. Curchoe, C., S. Zhang, Y. Bin, L. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2005. Promoter-specific expression of the imprinted Igf2 gene in cattle Reprod Fert Dev 17: 259-260. Everts, R.E., P. Chavatte-Palmer, A.A. Razzak, I. Hue, S .Rodriguez-Zas, X.C. Tian, X. Yang, J.-P. Renard, and H.A. Lewin. 2005. Global gene-expression profiling of cattle placentomes collected from term pregnancies derived by artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and nuclear transfer. Proc. Plant and Animal Genome annual meeting. Everts, R.E., A. Razzak, P. Chavatte-Palmer, I. Hue, C.A. Green, R. Oliveira, S. Rodriguez-Zas, X.C. Tian, X. Yang, J.-P. Renard, and H.A. Lewin. 2006. Global gene expression profiling distinguishes placentomes derived by artificial insemination from those pregnancies derived by either in vitro fertilization or nuclear transfer. Proc. Plant and Animal Genome annual meeting. Jiang, L., R.S. Prather, P. Jobst, D. Ayares, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2006. Expression of growth-related imprinted genes in decreased newborn and surviving cloned piglets. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. (in press). Kim, C., Y. Ma, C.-C. Chang, X. Yang, T. Rasmussen, and X.C. Tian. 2006. The typical pattern of histone macroH2A1 in preimplantation bovine embryos following activation and in vitro fertilization. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. (in press). Lonergan, P., A.C.O. Evans. E. Boland, D. Rizos, L.-Y. Sung, F. Du, S. Chaubal, S. Fair, E. Scraggs, P. Duffy, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2005. Pregnancy and fetal characteristics after transfer of vitrified in vivo and cloned bovine embryos Reprod Fert Dev 17:173-174. Smith, S.L., L.-Y. Sung, R. Page, B. Henderson, F. Du, R. Everts, T. Nedambale, S. Rodriguez-Zas, J.-P. Renard , H. Lewin, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2006. Global gene expression profiling of single bovine embryos reveals significant effects of in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture on gene expression. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. (in press). Sung, L.-Y., F. Du, B.S. Jeong, C.C. Chang, J. Xu, X.C. Tian, and X. Yang. 2005. Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) is not essential for bovine somatic nuclear reprogramming Reprod Fert Dev 17:183-184. ILLINOIS: Davidson, T.R., C.E. Ferguson, J. Lynn, T. Chapman, K. Hebert, M.B. Wheeler, K. Bondioli, and R\.A. Godke. 2005. Evaluation Of apoptosis in bovine embryos by fluorescent labeling of caspases-3 And -7. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17:217-218. Donovan, S.M., J.L. Hartke, M.H. Monaco, and M.B. Wheeler. 2005. Insulin-like growth factor-I and piglet intestinal development in biomedical models and transgenics. Swine in Biomedical Research Conference, Chicago, IL January 27-29, 2005. Ferguson, C.E., T.R. Davidson, M.R.B. Mello, A.S. Lima, D.J. Kesler, M.B. Wheeler, and R.A. Godke. 2005. Evidence of a direct effect of P4 on IVF-derived bovine 8-cell embryos. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17:219. Fischer-Brown, A., G. Barquero, S. Clark, C. Ferguson, F. Ireland, N. Jensen, S. Lane, B. Lindsey, P. Lopes, R. Monson, D. Northey, A. Reeder, J. Rutledge, M. Wheeler, and D. Kesler. 2005. Twin vs. single transfer of IVP Holstein heifer embryos to beef recipients. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17:230. Hartke, J., M. Monaco, R. McCusker, M. Wheeler, and S. Donovan. 2005. Small intestinal IGF-I binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -5 and IGF receptors in piglets suckling IGF-I transgenic sows. Journal of Dairy Science 88 (Suppl. 1): W102, 282. Lima, A.S., C.E. Ferguson, and M.B. Wheeler. 2005. Embryo development in microdrops and microchannnels: Comparison of NCSU23 sequential and non-sequential culture medium. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17:274-275. Mello, M.R.B., C.E. Ferguson, A.S. Lima, and M.B. Wheeler. 2005. In Vitro development of bovine embryos cultured in KSOM, CR1AA or KSOM/CR1aa. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17:221-222. Monaco, M., M. Wheeler, and S. Donovan. 2005. Transgenic over-expression of IGF-I modulates the synthesis and secretion of pig milk IGFBP-2 and -5 in the early and post-lactation periods. Journal of Dairy Science 88 (Suppl. 1): W101, 282. Sendemir-Urkmez, A., C. Kearney, S. Malusky, M.B. Wheeler, and R. Jamison. 2005. Osteoblastic differentiation of porcine derived mesenchymal stem cells on 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Proc. Swine in Biomedical Research Conference, January 27 - 29, 2005, Chicago, IL., p 12, Abtract BE2. INDIANA: Krisher, R.L.. 2005. Inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway results in meiotic arrest in porcine oocytes that can be overcome by the addition of pathway cofactors and end products. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:293 (abstr. 287). Krisher, R., M. Wulster-Radcliffe, M. Spurlock, and M. Sturek. 2006. The Ossabaw pig as a model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Experimental Biology (in press). Paczkowski, M., D. Terry, and R. Krisher. 2005. Differential protein expression of in vitro matured porcine oocytes derived from gilts and sows. Biol. Reprod. Special Issue 2005 abstr. 526, p. 197. Paczkowski, M., D. Terry, C. Bidwell, and R. Krisher. 2006. Differential gene and protein expression in gilt and sow derived oocytes. J. Anim. Sci (Suppl. ):(in press) Tubman, L., A. Peter, and R.L. Krisher. 2005. Effect of energy substrates on metabolism and meiosis of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17:301 (abstr. 301). Tubman, L., A. Peter, and R.L. Krisher. 2006. Pentose phosphate pathway activity controls nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes. Reproduction, Fertility and Development (in press). LOUISIANA: Davidson, T.R., C.E. Ferguson, J. Lynn, T. Chapman, K. Hebert, M.B. Wheeler, K. Bondioli and R.A. Godke. 2005. Evaluation of apoptosis in bovine embryos by fluorescent labeling of caspases-3 and -7. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 17:217-218. Ferguson, C.E., T.R. Davidson, M.R.B. Mello, A.S. Lima, D.J. Kesler, M.B. Wheeler and R.A. Godke. 2005. Evidence of a direct effect of P4 on IVF-derived bovine 8-cell embryos. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 17:219. Ferrer, M.S., S.K. Lyle, B.E. Eilts, R. Godke and D.L. Paccamonti. 2005. Post-mating endometritis after hysteroscopic insemination in the mare. Proc. Soc for Theriogenology (In press). Giraldo, A.M., J. W. Lynn, E.C. Pope, R. A. Godke and K. R. Bondioli. 2005. Lifespan and chromosomal stability of bovine and porcine fetal fibroblast cells cultured in vitro. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 17:167. Giraldo, A.M., J.A. Jenkins, J.W. Lynn, R.A. Godke and K.R. Bondioli. 2006. Histone phosphorylation patterns and chromosomal stability of cultured bovine fibroblasts. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. (in press) Guerrero, C.A., S.P. Leibo, K.R. Bondioli and R.A. Godke. 2006. Effect of cryoprotective agent addition and removal at 4°C on motility and plasma membrane integrity of bovine caudal epididymal spermatozoa. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. (in press). Landry, A.M., H. DiMaggio, W. Burnside, L. Sarradet, J. Saenz, D.J. Landry, L.R. Gentry, K. Bondioli and R.A. Godke. 2005. The effect of hCG on circulating progesterone in goats at the end of the breeding season. Southern Section, Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 45:13. Landry, A.M., M. Murakami, R.S. Denniston, J.L. Williams, Y. Echelard, and R.A. Godke. 2005. Development of bovine aggregate embryos constructed from nuclear transfer embryos and electrofused IVF-derived embryos. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 17:228. McAllister, J., S. Bushnell, M. Purpera, M. Sansinena, A. Landry, B. Olcott, E. Loetz, R.S. Denniston, K. Bondioli and R. A. Godke. 2006. Freezing embryos form Angora goats for the USDA Animal Germplasm Cryobank. J. Anim. Sci. (in press). Moisan, A.E., E.L.Chamberlain, S.P. Leibo, B.L. Dresser, K. Bondioli and R.A. Godke. 2005. Blastocyst formation from vitrified bovine oocytes, zygotes and 2-cell embryos. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 17:196. Moisan, A.E., S.P. Leibo, J.W. Lynn, M.C. Gómez, C. E. Pope, K Bondioli, L. Dresser, R. A. Godke. 2006. Blastocyst development from felid oocytes injected with dehydrated spermatozoa. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. (in press). Nel-Themaat, L., M.C. Gomez, A. Cole, G. Wirtu, K.R. Bondioli, B.L. Dresser and R.A. Godke and C.E. Pope. 2005. Somatic cell isolation from semen by percoll gradients. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 17: 314-315. Roberts, J.L., R.P. DelVecchio, G.T. Gentry, Jr., D. Sanders, P.E. Humes and R.A. Godke. 2005. Effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) and monensin supplementation on puberty and pregnancy rates in crossbred beef heifers. Southern Section, Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 45:12. Sansinena, M., J. Lynn, R. Denniston and R. Godke. 2005. Ooplasmic transfer after interspecies nuclear transfer: Presence of foreign mitochondria, pattern of migration, and effect on embryo development. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 17:182. Taylor, P.J., S.A. Taylor, M. Sansinena and R.A. Godke. 2006. Using a novel coaxial microinjection system and embryo vitrification to produce llama (Lama glama) pregnancies: A preliminary study. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. (in press). MARYLAND: He, S., D. Pant, S. Bischoff, W. Gavin, D. Melican, and C.L. Keefer. 2005. Expression of pluripotency-determining factors Oct-4 and Nanog in preimplantation goat embryos. Reprod. Fert. Dev 17:203 (abst. 105). Pant, D., and C.L. Keefer. 2006. Gene expression in cultures of inner cell masses isolated from in vitro produced and in vivo derived bovine blastocysts. Reprod. Fert. Dev. (in press). NORTH CAROLINA: Farin, C.E., J.R. Sommer, K.F. Rodriguez, R.M. Petters, and J.E. Alexander. 2006. Functional analysis using short-interfering (si)RNA of TRAM-6, a novel transcript associated with oocyte maturation in cattle. Reprod Fert Dev (in press). Piedrahita, J.A. , S. Bischoff, J.L. Estrada, B.A. Freking, D. Nonneman, A.C. Martin, B. Mir, G. Rohrer, and S. Tsai. 2006. Use of porcine parthenotes and gene expression profiling using microarrays for identification of imprinted genes. Reprod Fert Dev (abstract in press). USDA-ARS (Beltsville): Blomberg, L.A., T.S. Sonstegard, C.P. Van Tassell, and K.A. Zuelke. 2005. Transitions in the gene expression profiles (transcriptome) during elongation of the porcine conceptus trophectoderm. Reprod. Fertil. Devel. Blomberg, L.A., J.R. Miles, N.C. Talbot, W. Garrett, and K.A. Zuelke. 2006. Unique expression patterns of differentiation, growth and cell structure factors in the elongating porcine conceptus. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18(2):259-260. Guthrie, H.D. and G.R. Welch. 2005. New assays for reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial membrane potential in fresh and cryopreserved boar spermatozoa. 7th International Conference on Pig Reproduction June 12-16, 2005, Kerkade, The Netherlands. Guthrie, H. D., J.A. Long, G.R. Welch, and N.E. Grimm. 2006. Treatment of boar sperm with respiration inhibitor menadione: effects on motility, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP), and ATP content. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18(2):259-260. Miles, J. R., L.A. Blomberg, B.A. Freking, and K.A. Zuelke. 2006. Lines of pigs selected for component traits of litter size exhibit differential gene regulation at the onset of embryo (trophoectoderm) elongation. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18(2):259-260. UTAH: Aston, K., H. Johnson,, K.L. White, and Q.Winger. 2005. AP-2g Transcription factor during bovine embryo development and placenta formation. 38rd Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Quebec City, Quebec. Biol. Reprod. Aston, K., G-P. Li, B. Hicks, B. Sessions, B. Patel. D. Hammon. T. Bunch, and K. White. 2005. The developmental competence of bovine nuclear transfer embryos derived from cow versus heifer cytoplasts. USU Graduate Student Symposium, Utah State University, Logan UT. April 13, 2005, 8. Li, G.P., T.D. Bunch, K.L. White, B.R. Sessions, K.I. Aston, and B.J. Pate. 2005. Parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer embryo development of bovine oocytes denuded and centrifuged at different times during maturation. Mole. Biol. Cell 16:527. Pate, B.J., K.L. White, D.B. DeWald, L.F. Rickords, G. Li, K.I. Aston, B.R. Sessions, and T.D. Bunch. 2005. Involvement of tyrosine kinases, specifically Src family kinases, focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and agonist-induced PLC in the activation and development of bovine oocytes. American Society for Cell Biology., San Francisco. December 10 - 14. Pate, B.J., K.L. White, D. Chen, P. Desai, K.I. Aston, B.R. Sessions, and B. C. Weimer. 2005. A novel approach to identify bovine sperm membrane proteins that interact with receptors on the vitelline membrane of bovine oocytes. Mole. Biol. Cell 16:519. Sessions, B.R., Aston, K.I., Davis, A.P., Pate, B.J. and K. L. White. 2005. Effects of amino acid substitutions in and around the Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD) sequence on fertilization and parthenogenetic development in mature bovine oocytes. Mole. Biol. Cell 16:2549. VIRGINIA: Walters, A.H., R.G. Saacke, R.E. Pearson, and F.C. Gwazdauskas. 2005. The incidence of programmed cell death after in vitro fertilization (IVF) with morphologically abnormal bovine spermatozoa. J. Dairy Sci. 88: (Suppl. 1) 137. Walters, A.H., R.G. Saacke, R.E. Pearson, and F.C. Gwazdauskas, F. C. Assessment of pronuclear formation following IVF with bovine spermatozoa having abnormal morphology after thermal D. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS (SEMI-TECHNICAL/LAY PUBLICATIONS): ARKANSAS: Influence of social hierarchy on the expression of estrus and subsequent fertility of dairy heifers. Ark. Anim. Aci., Res. Series 535: 67-68. LOUISIANA: Roberts, J.L., R.P. Del Vecchio, G.T. Gentry Jr., D. Sanders, P.E. Humes and R.A. Godke. 2005. Priming effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) and monensin on puberty and subsequent reproductive performance in crossbred beef heifers. LSU AgCenter Beef Cattle Rep. 33:54-58.