Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Call to Order At 9:00 AM, Don Rutz, S-1006 Chair called the meeting to order. Research Project Summaries: Nancy Hinkle summarized data generated by Brad Mullens (University of California-Riverside) investigating the role of Z-9 tricosene in house flies from California, Georgia and Minnesota. Business Meeting Don Rutz asked Rick Roeder the procedure for writing the final report and the due date. Rick Roeder will determine if a 2006 annual report will be needed in addition to the final project report. The final report should consist of impact-type statements to summarize the outcomes from the studies conducted under this project. There are no page limits, but we should keep the report brief. Rick Meyer suggested that we provide a detailed listing of the M.S. and Ph.D. students that were supported under this project. Don Rutz added that the undergraduates should also be included. A listing of all research and extension publications and presentations should be included. Rick Roeder advised that publications and presentations be listed as an addendum. He stated that his secretary would ensure that the document fits into the format. Phil Kaufman suggested that we include the research and extension dollars that were acquired through this project. Roger Moon requested that all CRIS S-1005 and S-1006 reports be provided to Don Rutz and himself by the end of January 2007. He further requested that everyone provide summarized impact statements from their own reports to ensure that the researchers most important impacts be included. Rick Meyer suggested that everyone review his handout on writing an impact statement to ensure that their previous statements are impact statements and not research results. Don Rutz extended the group's thanks to Drs. Hogsette, Geden and Kaufman for hosting the conference. Meeting was adjourned at 10:00 AM.

ELEMENTS RELATED TO FOOD SAFELY: Campylobacteriosis is a leading food-borne diarrhoeal disease in developed countries, including the United States. Birds, primarily chickens and turkeys, are considered the primary reservoir of C. jejuni. Despite numerous studies on campylobacters, the ecology and transmission of C. jejuni and C. coli among poultry flocks and among farms are poorly understood. Our study showed that house flies likely play an important role in the ecology and dissemination of C. jejuni and C. coli. This work adds to the body of evidence supporting the role of insects (especially flies and beetles) as carriers and transmitters of disease agents among animals and between animals and humans. Fly control should continue to be an integral part of the biosecurity plan for every animal operation and is especially important during disease eradication efforts. Knowledge of how far PRRS virus-contaminated house flies can spread into the surrounding landscape allows pork producers to plan isolation distances to achieve desired levels of biosecurity, and will serve as a model for analysis of fly borne spread of enteric bacteria and other pathogens that threaten animal and public health. HOUSE FLY MANAGEMENT: Composting of poultry manure was shown to be effective in reducing the numbers of adult flies at poultry facilities when composted manure is turned weekly and moisture is added to the material immediately before turning, thereby keeping surface moisture too low for fly egg deposition and development. This research led to the development of a visual target for house flies that has potential for use as perimeter protection to intercept immigrating and emigrating flies. This approach has potential to protect residential communities from invasion by disease-carrying flies from farms and other breeding sources. The most effective products for outdoor fly populations were determined to be the Terminator jar trap and the QuickStrike bait strip. A novel deployment method for the QuickStrike product was developed that keeps flies in good condition for assessment of their carriage of disease organisms. Beauveria bassiana was proven to be an effective management tool against the house fly in poultry facilities. Now an integrated fly management program can include the full compliment of tools targeting all life stages of the house fly while preserving and protecting fly natural enemies resulting in maintenance of fly populations below maximally accepted levels in poultry facilities. Poultry producers can better anticipate the effects of different cleanout methods on insect populations associated with their caged-layer barns. County public health authorities now have a tool for setting and enforcing house fly nuisance thresholds for rural communities. The routine use of boric acid and Quickstrike baits during the flock cycle maintained reduced fly populations when insecticides were applied prior to repopulating the poultry house. Methods were developed that improved fly management and found certain practices compromised the biosecurity effort to reduce pathogens on the farm. Management is essential to reduce fly dispersal and the potential spread of pathogens. New technologies of manure handling were found to alter the environment where house flies breed which should reduce the impact these flies have in poultry production operating costs and reduce environmental fly nuisance concerns. Two new insecticides (imidacloprid and spinosad) tested for house fly control in caged-layer poultry operations were determined to be a promising addition to the integrated control of this pest since there recently have been limited products available. Results from these studies will be used to help poultry producers determine how these products and tools will fit in with their fly pest management program. DARKLING BEETLE/LESSER MEALWORM MANAGEMENT: In-house composting offers many potential advantages to handling broiler house litter. Among the advantages would be reduction from tonnage applied to pasture area, thus, preventing run-off of phosphorus and other chemicals in the litter. Even though it appears in the preliminary data that no beetle control occurred, using the equipment to thoroughly mix insecticides and perhaps some biological agents like fungus pathogens into the litter as the wind-rows are being turned could be advantageous. Entomopathogenic nematodes offer a method of lesser mealworm management in poultry facilities. The insecticidal and non-insecticidal lesser mealworm management options developed in this study are extremely cost-effective and can be easily incorporated into existing poultry production systems. OUTPUTS: Refereed Publications: 83 Book Chapters: 5 Published Abstracts and Proceedings: 15 Extension Publications: 37 Students Trained: 34 ACTIVITIES: Media interviews and Trade Journal Articles: 12 Presentations: 124 Leveraged Grants: 6 In the past five years, the Georgia Extension Veterinary Entomologist has trained over 1,500 pest control operators in pest fly identification, biology, and control, including members of the U.S. military, regional Canadian associations, and PCOs from 9 states. Each year the extension veterinary entomologist educates over 100 poultry producers, 80 beef producers, and 25 dairymen on fly control and new products available. In the past five years, articles carried in national magazines have reached over 3 million readers while articles carried in newspapers such as the Atlanta Journal-Constitution (print and on-line readership over 3.5 million) have reached even wider audiences. MILESTONES: Not applicable to this termination report.

Ambourn, A., J. Juzwik and R. D. Moon. 2005. Seasonal dispersal of the oak wilt fungus by Colopterus truncatus and Carpophilus sayi in Minnesota. Plant Disease 89: 1067-1076. Beckendorf, Richard, Stephen A. Klotz, Nancy Hinkle, and William Bartholomew. 2002. "Nasal myiasis in an intensive care unit linked to hospital-wide mouse infestation." Archives of Internal Medicine 162: 638-640. Bonneau, K. R. J. B. Topol, A. C. Gerry, B. A. Mullens, R. K. Velten, and N. J. MacLachlan. 2002. "Variation in the NS3/NS3A Gene of Bluetongue Viruses Contained in Culicoides sonorensis Collected from a Single Site in Southern California." Virus Research 84: 59-65. Boohene, C. K., C. J. Geden and J. J. Becnel. 2002. Effect of Nosema muscidifuracis (Nosematidae: Microsporidia) on development of Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different temperatures. Biol. Control 26: 1-7. Boohene, C. K., C. J. Geden, and J. J. Becnel. 2003. Evaluation of remediation methods for Nosema disease in Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Environ. Entomol. 32:1146-1153. Calibeo-Hayes, D., S. S. Denning, S. M. Stringham, J. S. Guy, L. G. Smith, and D. W. Watson. 2003. Mechanical transmission of turkey coronavirus by domestic house flies (Musca domestica L.) Avian Dis. 47: 149-153. Calibeo-Hayes, D., S. S. Denning, S. M. Stringham, and D. W. Watson. 2005. Lesser mealworm (Panzer) Coleoptera: Tenebronidae) emergence after mechanical incorporation of poultry litter into field soils. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 229-235 Carillo, M. A., G. E. Heimpel, R. D. Moon, C. A. Cannon and W. D. Hutchison. 2005. Cold hardiness of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of pyralid moths. J. Ins. Physiol. 51: 759-768. Carlson, D. A., F. Mramba, B. D. Sutton, U. R. Bernier, C. J. Geden, and K. Mori. 2005. Sex pheromone of the tsetse species, Glossina austeni: isolation and identification of natural hydrocarbons, and bioassay of synthesized compounds. Med. Vet. Entomol. 19: 470-479. Carlson, D. A., J. A. Hogsette, D. L. Kline, C. J. Geden, and R. K. VanderMeer. 2006. Prevention of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from entering simulated aircraft with commercial air curtain units. J. Econ. Entomol. 99: 182-193. Carlson, D. A., U. R. Bernier, and C. J. Geden. 2006. Distinctive hydrocarbons of four parasitoids, Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Arch. Insect Biochem. (in press). Deacutis, J.M., C.A. Leichter, A.C. Gerry, D.A. Rutz,. W.D. Watson, C.J. Geden, and J.G. Scott. 2007. Susceptibility of field-collected houseflies to spinosad before and after a season of use. Pest. Management Sci. (submitted). Dee SA, Schurrer JA, Moon RD, Fano E, Trincado C, and Pijoan C. 2004. Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under field conditions during a putative increase in the fly population. J. Swine Health and Prod.12: 242-245. Erickson, M.C., M. Islam, C. Sheppard, J. Liao, and M.P. Doyle. 2004. "Reduction of Escherichia coli 0157:47 and Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidus in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly." J. Food Protection 67: 685-690. Ferreira de Almeida, C. J. Geden and A. Pires do Prado. 2002. Influence of feeding treatment, host density, temperature and cool storage on attack rates of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Environ. Entomol. 31: 732-738. Ferriera de Almeida, C. J. Geden, C. K. Boohene, J. J. Becnel, and A. Pires do Prado. 2002. Microsporidiosis of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 97: 527-530. Ferreira de Almeida, M., A. Pires do Prado and C. J. Geden. 2002. The influence of temperature on development time and longevity of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and effects of nutrition and emergence order on longevity. Environ. Entomol. 31: 375-380. Geden, C. J. 2002. Effect of habitat depth on host location by five species of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), in three types of substrates. Environ. Entomol. 31: 411-417. Geden, C. J., M. A. Ferreira de Almeida and A. Pires do Prado. 2003. Effects of Nosema disease on fitness of the parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Environ. Entomol. 32:1139-1145. Geden, C. J. and D. C. Steinkraus. 2003. Evaluation of three formulations of Beauveria bassiana for control of lesser mealworm and hide beetle in Georgia poultry houses. J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 1602-1608. Geden, C. J. 2005. Methods for monitoring outdoor populations of house flies, Musca domestica. J. Vector Ecol. 30: 244-250. Geden, C. J. 2006. Biological Control of Pests in Livestock Production. (Book chapter). In: Hansen. L. and T. Steenberg, editors. Implementation of biocontrol in practice in temperate regions - present and near future. Geden, C. J. 2006. Visual targets for capture and management of house flies, Musca domestica. J. Vector Ecol. 31: 152-157. Geden, C. J. and J. A. Hogsette. 2006. Suppression of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Florida poultry houses by sustained releases of Muscidifurax raptorellus and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Environ. Entomol. 35: 75-82. Geden, C. J., R. D. Moon, and J. F. Butler. 2006. Host ranges of six solitary filth fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) from Florida, Eurasia, Morocco and Brazil. Environ. Entomol. 35: 405-412. Geden, C. J., R. D. Moon, and J. F. Butler. 2006. Host attacks and progeny production by six species of solitary fly parasitoids on pupae of house fly, horn fly, stable fly, black dump fly and a flesh fly. Environ. Entomol. (in press). Geden, C. J. and P. E. Kaufman. 2007. Development of Spalangia cameroni and Muscidifurax raptor on live house fly pupae and pupae killed by heat shock, irradiation, and cold. Environ. Entomol. 36: 34-39. Geden C. J., V. Lietze, and D.G. Boucias. 2007. Seasonal prevalence and transmission of salivary gland hyperplasia virus of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae). Environ. Entomol. (submitted). Gerry, A. C., T. M. Nawaey, P. B. Sanghrajka, J. Wisniewska, and P. Hullinger. Comparison of a Horse and a Carbon Dioxide-Baited Suction Trap for Collecting Hematophagous Diptera in Southern California with a Discussion of Relevance to West Nile Virus Epidemiology. J. Med. Entomol.. Submitted. Hamm, R. L., P. E. Kaufman, C. Reasor, J. G. Scott and D. A. Rutz. 2006. Resistance to cyfluthrin and tetrachlorvinphos in the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus, collected from the eastern United States. Pest. Manag. Sci. 62:673-677. Hinton, J. L and R. D. Moon. 2003. Arthropod populations in high-rise, caged-layer houses following three manure cleanout treatments. J. Econ. Entomol, 96: 1352-1361. Hoebeke, E.R., P.E. Kaufman, C.S. Glenister and S.M. Stringham. 2003. New Neartic Record for Epitranus clavatus F. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105: 1062-1063. Kaufman, P. E., S. J. Long and D. A. Rutz. 2001. Impact of exposure length and pupal source on Muscidifurax raptorellus and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitism in a New York Poultry Facility. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 998-1003. Kaufman, P.E., D. A. Rutz and S. Frisch. 2001. Sticky Traps for Large Scale House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Trapping in New York Poultry Facilities. J. Agric. Urban Entomol. 18: 43-49. Kaufman, P. E., S. J. Long, D. A. Rutz, and J. K. Waldron. 2001. Parasitism Rates of Muscidifurax raptorellus and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) after Individual and Paired Releases in New York Poultry Facilities. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 593-598. Kaufman, P. E., S. J. Long, D. A. Rutz, and C. S. Glenister. 2001. Larval Production from Field-Collected Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Following Three Starvation Periods. J. Med. Entomol.38: 278-281. Kaufman, P.E., M. Burgess, D.A. Rutz, and C.S. Glenister. 2002. Population Dynamics of Manure Inhabiting Arthropods Under an IPM Program in New York Poultry Facilities  3 case studies. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 10: 90-103. Kaufman, P. E., D. A. Rutz and J. K. Waldron. 2002. Seasonal variations in Carcinops pumilio dispersal and potential for suppression of dispersal behavior. J. Med. Entomol. 39: 106-111. Kaufman, P. E. and D. A. Rutz. 2002 Susceptibility of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) exposed to five commercial insecticides on painted plywood. Pest Manag. Sci. 58: 174-178. Kaufman, P.E., C. Reasor, J.K. Waldron and D.A. Rutz. 2005. Suppression of the Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Using Soil Incorporation of Poultry Manure. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1739-1743. Kaufman, P.E., C. Reasor, J.K. Waldron, and D. A. Rutz. 2005. Evaluation of a Barrier to Inhibit Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Dermestidae Movement up Support Posts in High-Rise, Caged-Layer Poultry Facilities. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1744-1749. Kaufman, P.E., C. Reasor, D.A, Rutz, J. K. Ketzis and J.J. Arends. 2005. Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana Applications Against Adult House Flies, Musca domestica, in Commercial Caged-Layer Poultry Facilities in New York State. Biol. Control. 33: 360-367. Lietze, V., C. J. Geden, P. Blackburn, and D G. Boucias 2007. Effects of MdSGHV infection on the reproductive behavior of the house fly, Musca domestic. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.(submitted) Marquez, J. G., R. D. Moon and E. S. Krafsur. 2001. "Genetic differentiation among populations of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) breeding in a multiple-barn, egg-layer facility in central Minnesota." J. Med. Entomol. 38: 218-222. McElroy, S., A.L. Szalanski, T. McKay, A.J. Bermudez, C.B. Owens, and C.D. Steelman. 2005. "Molecular assay for the detection of Cochlosoma anatis in house flies and turkey specimens by polymerase chain reaction." Veterinary Parasitology 127: 165-168. Moon, R. D., J. L. Hinton, S. D. O'Rourke and D. R. Schmidt. 2001. "Nutritional value of fresh and composted poultry manure for house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae." J. Econ. Entomol. 94:1308-1317. Moon, R. D. 2002. Chapt. 14. Muscid flies (Muscidae). Pp. 279-302 in: Mullen, G. and L. Durden (eds.), Medical and Veterinary Entomology., Academic Press,NY. 720 pp. Mullens, B. A., N. C. Hinkle, C. A. Szijj and D. R. Kuney. 2001. "Managing manure and conserving predators helps control flies in caged-layer poultry systems." California Agriculture 55(5): 26-30. Mullens, B.A., C.E. Szijj and N.C. Hinkle. 2002. "Oviposition and development of Fannia spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) on poultry manure of low moisture levels." Environ. Entomol. 31(4): 588-593. Mullens, B.A., R.K. Velten, N.C. Hinkle, D.R. Kuney, and C.E. Szijj. 2004. "Acaricide Resistance in Northern Fowl Mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) Populations on Caged Layer Operations in Southern California." Poultry Science 83: 365-374. Mullens, B.A., D.R. Kuney, N.C. Hinkle, and C.E. Szijj. 2004. "Producer Attitudes and Control Practices for Northern Fowl Mites in Southern California." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13(3): 488-492. Mullens, B. A. and A. C. Gerry. 2006. Life history and seasonal abundance of canyon flies (Fannia Benjamini Complex) (Diptera: Muscidae) in Southern California. J. Med. Entomol. 43(2): 192-199. Otake, S., S. A. Dee, K. D. Rossow, R. D. Moon & C. Pijoan. 2002. "Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by mosquitoes, Aedes vexans (Meigen)." Can. J. Vet. Res. 66: 191-195. Otake S, Dee SA, Moon RD, Rossow KD, Trincado C, and Pijoan C. 2003. Evaluation of mosquitoes, Aedes vexans, as biological vectors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Can J Vet Res. 67: 265-270. Otake S, Dee SA, Moon RD, Rossow KD, Trincado C, Farnham M, and Pijoan C. 2003. Survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in houseflies. Can J Vet Res: 67: 198-203. Otake S, Dee SA, Rossow KD, Moon RD, Trincado C, and Pijoan C. 2003. Transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by houseflies (Musca domestica). Vet. Rec. 152: 73-76. Otake S., S. A. Dee, R. D. Moon, K. D. Rossow, Trincado C, and Pijoan C. 2004. Studies on the carriage and transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by individual houseflies (Musca domestica). Vet. Record 154: 80-85. Owens, C.B., A.L. Szalanski, T. McKay, and C.D. Steelman. Molecular surveillance of Campylobacter sp. and E. coli O157:H7 carried by filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) associated with turkey production facilities. J. Med. Entomol. (submitted). Perotti, M. A. and T. J. Lysyk. 2003. Novel growth media for rearing larval horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 40: 22-29. Quinn, B. U. R. Bernier, C. J. Geden, J. A. Hogsette, and D. A. Carlson. 2007. Analysis of extracted components in blackstrap molasses. J. Chromat., Series A. (in press). Rinkevich, F.D., R.L. Hamm, C.J. Geden and J.G. Scott. 2007. Dynamics of insecticide resistance alleles in two different climates over an entire field season. Proceedings, National Academy of Science (submitted) Rochon, K., T. J. Lysyk, and L. B. Selinger. 2004. Persistence of Escherichia coli in immature house and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in relation to larval growth and survival. J. Med. Entomol. 41: 1082-1089. Rochon, K., T. J. Lysyk, and L. B. Selinger. 2005. Retention of Escherichia coli by house fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae)during pupal metamorphosis and eclosion. J. Med. Entomol. In Press. Schurrer, J. A., S. A. Dee, R. D. Moon, M. P. Murtaugh, C. P Finnegan, J. Deen, S. B. Kleiboeker and C. B. J. Pijoan. 2005. Retention of ingested porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in house flies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 66: 1517-1525. Schurrer, J. A., S. A. Dee, R. D. Moon, K. D. Rossow, C. Mahlum, E. Mondaca, S. Otake, E. Fano, J. E. Collins and C. Pijoan. 2004. Spatial dispersal of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-contaminated flies after contact with experimentally infected pigs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 65: 1284-1292. Schurrer, J. A., S. A. Dee, R. D. Moon, J. Deen and C. B. J. Pijoan. 2006. Evaluation of three intervention strategies for insect control on a commercial swine farm. J. Swine Health Prod. 14: 76-81. Strother, K. O. and C. D. Steelman. 2001. Spatial analysis of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Broiler Production Facilities. Environ. Entomol. 30: 556-561. Strother, K. O., C. D. Steelman and E. E. Gbur. 2005. Reservoir Competence of the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), for Campylobacter. J. Med. Entomol. 42: 42-47. Szalanski, A.L., C.B. Owens, T. McKay, and C.D. Steelman. 2004. Detection of Campylobacter sp., and E. coli O157:H7 in filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) by polymerase chain reaction. Med Vet. Entomol. 18:241-246. Szalanski, A.L., T.W. Palmer, T. McKay, and C.D. Steelman. 2004. Infectivity of Steinernema spp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) to adult litter beetles, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 14: 81-84. Tang, Juliet D., M.A. Caprio, D.C. Sheppard and D.M. Gaydon. 2002. Genetics and fitness costs of cyromazine resistance in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 95(6): 1251-1260. Taylor, D. B., R. D. Moon, G. Gibson and A. Szalanski. 2006. Genetic and morphological comparisons of New and Old World populations of Spalangia species (Hymenoptera: Ptermalidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99: 799-808. Tomberlin, J.K., W.K. Reeves and D.C. Sheppard. 2001. First record of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Georgia, USA. FL Entomol. 84: 300-301. Tomberlin, J.K. and D.C. Sheppard. 2001. Lekking behavior of the black soldier fly, (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). FL. Entomol. 84: 729-730. Tomberlin, J.K., D.C. Sheppard and J.A. Joyce. 2002. Selected life history traits of black soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) reared on three artificial diets. Ann. Entomol. Sco. Am. 95: 379-386. Tomberlin, J.K. and D.C. Sheppard. 2002. Factors influencing mating and oviposition of black soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a colony. J. Entomol. Sci. 37: 345-352. Tomberlin, J.K., D.C. Sheppard and J.A. Joyce. 2002. Susceptibility of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae and adults to four insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 95: 598-602. Tomberlin, J.K., D.C. Sheppard and J.A. Joyce. 2002. Selected life history traits of black soldier flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a colony. J. Entomol. Sci. 37: 345-352. Watson, D. W., P. Kaufman, D. A. Rutz, and C. S. Glenister. 2001. Impact of the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer on the establishment of the predaceous beetle, Carcinops pumilio Erichson for the control of house fly, Musca domestica in caged layer poultry houses. Biol. Cont. 20: 8-15. Watson, D. W., S. S. Denning. L. Zurek, S. M. Stringham and J. Elliott. 2003. Effects of lime hydrate on the growth and development of darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus. Intl. J. Poult. Sci. 2: 91-96. Webster, A.B., S.A. Thompson, N.C. Hinkle, and W.C. Merka. 2006. In-house composting of layer manure in a high-rise tunnel ventilated commercial layer house over an entire production cycle. J.App. Poult. Res. 15: 447-456. Zurek, L., S. S. Denning, C. Schal, and D. W. Watson. 2001. Vector potential of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. J. Med. Entomol. 38: 333-335. Zurek, L., D. W. Watson, S. B. Krasnoff and C. Schal. 2002. Effect of the entomopathogenic fungus, Entomophthora muscae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), on sex pheromone and other cuticular hydrocarbons of the house fly, Musca domestica. J. Invertbr. Pathol. 80: 171-176. More publications in attachment.