• Basic Information
• Additional Info

Basic Information

• Project No. and Title: S1000 : Animal Manure and Waste Utilization, Treatment and Nuisance Avoidance for a Sustainable Agriculture (S275)
• Period Covered: 10/01/2004 to 09/01/2005
• Date of Report: 02/10/2005
• Annual Meeting Dates: 01/05/2005 to 01/07/2005

Participants

Also included within attached minutes as Appendix B

Accomplishments

Impacts

1. Utilization of poultry litter by feeding cattle on pasture avoids applying excessive amounts to the soil.
2. Ammonia emissions from a shallow injection of urea-ammonium-nitrate fertilizer amounts to 2% of the total N applied. A corn canopy can be either a source, or a sink for atmospheric ammonia depending on the amount of absorbed ammonia.
3. Milk parlor wastewater can be treated and reused properly via integrating an innovative bioreactor with the existing anaerobic lagoon wastewater treatment system.
4. Trickling nitrification biofilters achieved a 90% nitrification efficiency from a 4000 sow operations effluent. When put in-line with greenhouse tomato production, yields were 1010 lb/day.
5. Nutrient recovery from swine wastewater by growing duckweed demonstrated duckweed growth of 29 g/m2/day.
6. Anaerobic treatment of dairy manure at a low inoculum to substrate ratio can provide added benefits in terms of reducing off-site migration of P after land application and when low runoff volumes are generated.
7. Anaerobic digestion did not significantly alter the nature of predominant inorganic P solid phases in dairy manure.
8. Fixed-film anaerobic digestion provides reduced residence times for flushed dairy manure wastewater. Harnessing solar energy to grow algal biomass or aquatic macrophytes on the digested effluent allows for recovery of nutrients.
9. The pollutional parameters (COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and solids) stratified within the sludge layers in aged lagoons become concentrated greater in the lower sludge depths.
10. The environmental benefits of methane digester technology include: 1) reduced odors and emissions, 2) the nutrient properties of the digested manure are enhanced, and 3) reduced reliance on fossil fuels as an energy source.
11. Intermittent aeration (IA) provides an alternative for N removal from anaerobically pretreated animal wastewaters. Findings of dominant microorganisms and optimal conditions in the IA process allow for fundamental understanding of the process.
12. Thermochemical conversion of swine manure solids to a crude oil product was brought closer to commercial reality. All that stands between the laboratory scale and farm implementation are materials-handling issues.
13. Reduced cost of composting animal manures can occur through documenting kinetics of the process. Low airflow, regardless of composting system configuration, is the main factor to minimize energy usage.
14. Farmers can reduce the volume and weights of material to be hauled by 50 to 80 % based on equivalent nitrogen values of the stabilized compost as compared to unamended, uncomposted dairy manure removed from the barn.
15. Composting dairy manure/amendment mix with C/N above 40 reduces nitrogen losses significantly.
16. Using black soldier flies to digest manure and also produces a valuable animal feed and can reduce swine manure odor shows additional benefits.
17. Air emission data from conventional housing (slatted floor) and alternative housing (deep-bedded) farrowing facilities has provided swine producers with information for decision-making purposes on the type of facilities to build.
18. Ammonia emissions from open lot and hybrid (freestall and openlot) dairies provide vital information on relative magnitude of ammonia emissions from various sources on a dairy during warm and cold temperatures.
19. The Odor From Feedlots-Setback Estimation Tool is a useful tool for government agencies determining setback distances for new or expanding livestock and poultry facilities.
20. Reducing diet crude protein and including NH3-binding agents in diets for grow/finish pigs can be effective in reducing N content of excretions and NH3 emissions.
21. Temperature control, urine-feces segregation, and acidification of swine manure are strategies with the potential to reduce or slow NH4+-N and NH3 volatilization.
22. Early results of a particulate impaction curtain for reduction of dust emission from poultry layer houses (5 months) gave dust removal efficiency of 33% to 49%.
23. Composted dairy manure requires less odor management than aged manure, as aeration during composting results in destruction of odorous compounds (95-100%).
24. The development of mathematical models now allows for more accurate estimates of P needs and P excretion of growing-finishing pigs.
25. Feeding pigs a low nutrient excretion diet with reduced crude protein and phosphorus, supplemental synthetic amino acids, low phytate corn and phytase sustained productive pig growth and carcass characteristics, while reducing nutrient excretion and ammonia emissions.
26. The second generation of phytase products derived from E. coli are twice as efficacious as current commercial products for ducks.
27. Cattle bedding treated with oxides of alkaline earth metals demonstrated 5-6 log reductions of E.coli and other enteric bacteria.
28. A 17% protein diet was sufficient for cows producing 38 kg/d of milk, thereby reducing N excretion without affecting milk production.

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