Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Chairperson Bob Zemetra; Vice Chairperson Ed Souza; Secretary David Hole This meeting was held as a subcomponent of the much larger Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council and PNW section-American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) meetings held January 18 to 20th, in San Diego California. An industry tour of Santa Fe tortilla factory on 18 January was organized by Robert Fessler of Horizon milling. On 19 January, the combined meetings were welcomed by Doug Morris and the WERA-081 Meeting was called to order by Russ Karow, Administrative advisor at 8:20 am. The draft renewal document for the project was discussed, edited slightly and it was moved, seconded and approved that the document be submitted as the renewal proposal for WERA-081. Bob Zemetra presided over officer elections for the upcoming year. David Hole was elected as the current Secretary and vice-chair for the upcoming year. Edward Souza is the current vice-chair and chair for the upcoming year. Deborah Jones was elected as Secretary for the upcoming year. Brief, verbal state reports were given as noted below. Idaho Ed Souza, Bob Zemetra, and Mary Guttieri summarized Idaho activities in wheat quality breeding and research. Discussion centered on future use of low phytate wheats for whole grain products and the interest in low free asparagine in wheat bran. Personnel changes were noted and it was noted that Ed Souza and Mary Guttieri will be leaving University of Idaho in the coming months. Ed will assume a position with the ARS in Ohio. The WERA-081 committee expressed appreciation for the commitment to PNW wheat quality by both Ed and Mary. Montana Western Plant Breeders has licensed new Clearfield wheat cultivars Oregon ORSS designation will be used for a super-soft release. Tubbs was reselected for greater resistance to stripe rust and the reselection will be released will be released as Tubbs06. ORH010920 which was tested last year in the quality council is in breeder seed increase. It is a SWWW which has footrot resistance. There are two HRW and four HWW cultivars in pre-breeder seed increase. Andrew Ross discussed extended quality profiles that are provided for elite lines in support of the OSU breeding program. Debra Jones, Gilliam County Grain Growers, gave an update on construction and operation of the Gilliam County quality lab. Utah David Hole gave a summary of his sabbatical year in New Zealand with Crop & Food research and evaluations performed there for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in hard white winter population. John Moffatt pointed out that Agripro/Coker was acquired by Syngenta. Following the state reports, a presentation was held to express appreciation to Louise Slade and Harry Levine for their support of the WERA-081 group. The plaque and citation, presented in abstentia by Kim Kidwell, was as follows: Dear Louise, I am terribly sorry about missing the opportunity to present this plague to you myself. I believe I can speak for everyone involved in the PNW Quality Council when saying that you have truly inspired all of us with you tremendous enthusiasm and pure brilliance. We all appreciate the patient teacher you have been as most of us make our best effort to keep up with you, while attempting to understand the amazing things that you are saying. Your passion for and commitment to understanding cereal chemistry has created opportunities for breeders worldwide to improve the baking quality of soft wheat. We are grateful for your efforts, we appreciate your wisdom, and we hope that you and Harry will continue to expand our horizons for many, many years to come. I am deeply honored to name this variety after you. My only hope is that Louise the cultivar will serve the farmers in the PNW with the grace and elegance that Louise the person has. With gratitude, Kim K. The WERA-081 meeting was adjourned in order to begin technical presentation for the PNW section of the American Association of Cereal Chemistry, followed by the PNW Wheat Quality Council roundtable, which continued on 20 January. Salt Lake City was tentatively selected as the site for next years WERA-081 meeting. Doug Engle is responsible for identifying necessary local arrangements.

Colorado In fall 2005, one line (CO00016) was advanced for potential release in 2006. CO00016 was developed from the cross CO940606/TAM107R-2 made in 1996. CO00016 is a white-chaffed, short semidwarf with excellent high temperature and drought stress tolerance. CO00016 is resistant to biotype 1 of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), susceptible to biotype 2 of RWA, susceptible to both leaf and stripe rust, and moderately susceptible to stem rust. In Colorado dryland variety trials, CO00016 has shown high yields and yield stability and average test weights. Across 21 dryland trial locations (2003-2005), CO00016 was the highest yielding entry, about 0.5 bu/a higher than Bond CL, 1.7 bu/a higher than Hatcher, 3.1 bu/a higher than Above, 4.1 bu/a higher than Avalanche, and 5.3 bu/a higher than Jagalene (the next five highest yielding entries). CO00016 has also shown very good milling and bread baking quality characteristics based on testing in the CSU Wheat Quality Lab and the USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Lab (Manhattan, KS). In 2005, we continued our research on development and implementation of wheat whole-grain NIR calibrations for use as routine screening criteria in the breeding program. Calibrations for test weight, SKCS kernel weight, and SKCS kernel diameter were developed using a group of samples collected in 2004. Each of these calibrations showed an R2 value for prediction over 70%. In 2006 we will use samples collected in 2005 to validate and expand the calibrations for potential use between harvest and planting in 2006. We are also working to develop whole grain calibrations for Farinograph absorption, development time, and stability and starch pasting properties from the RVA. In 2005, we also adopted rapid laboratory protocols for measurement of antioxidant properties of wheat grain. Protein content, PPO, total phenolic content, and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity were determined using a replicated set of common genotypes grown at four field environments. Samples were again collected from four field environments in 2005. The objective of these studies is to more clearly define the genetic and environmental effects for antioxidant properties and determine the association with other common measures of end-use quality. Idaho Cultivar Release. During the past year, we completed the release of Juniper hard red winter wheat. Juniper is a tall-stature wheat for rain-fed production. It has excellent emergence in deep seeded conditions and is resistant to stripe rust, dwarf bunt, and snow mold. Juniper is targeted as a replacement for Bonneville and is easier to thresh than Bonneville. Advanced Breeding Lines: We have a number of breeding lines in breeder seed production, and these are queued for release over the next two years. Two hard white winter wheats, IDO658 and IDO659, are rain-fed winter wheats targeted to replace the mid-stature hard red winter wheats Promontory and Utah 100. Two irrigated hard white winter wheats, IDO641 and IDO660, are targeted to complement Moreland and replace Declo hard red winter wheats in southern Idaho. Five irrigated soft white winter wheats are in breeder seed increase. Wire-cut Cookies: At the UI, we have begun using the wire-cut cookie test, AACC Method 10-54. We modified method to a bake time of 10 min. as this provides a useful range of moisture loss values (between 11.8% and 14.2% with better cultivars over 13%). We believe that the large size of our oven has enabled us to use the slightly shorter bake time. Using 12 pans, three people working together are able to bake approximately 60 flours in a workday. Two significant relationships with the SRC test were identified in the 2005 bakes. SRC water absorption was very highly negatively correlated with cookie diameter, and hardness force divided by cookie surface area was negatively correlated with sucrose SRC. The surprise for us in these results is not that the correlations and significant regressions were observed, but that the waxy wheats were consistent with regression models for the entire group of genotypes. Montana Approximately 2.1 million acres of spring wheat were seeded in 2005. Growing conditions were better than in the past several years, with spring wheat yield levels approaching a long-term average. McNeal maintained its position as the leading spring wheat variety for the eighth year, although acreage declined due to increased production of other varieties. The most prominent of these was Reeder. Objectives for the breeding program include high yield potential, resistance to the wheat stem sawfly, high protein, and good bread-making quality. Two new varieties were grown on several thousand acres for seed production. The first of these is Outlook, which is notable for high yield potential and resistance to the Russian wheat aphid. Outlook has grain protein percentage approximately 0.2% less than McNeal based on 40 location years of testing. Gluten strength of Outlook is average relative to other hard red spring wheat varieties, and lower than McNeal. A second new variety is named Choteau. Choteau has protein levels approximately 0.5% higher than McNeal, and is resistant to the wheat stem sawfly. Gluten strength of Choteau is similar to other hard red spring wheat varieties, and weaker than McNeal. There were 2.05 million acres of winter wheat harvested in Montana in 2005. Average yield was 45 bu/a for a total production of 92.25 million bushels. Leading varieties were Rampart (23% of acreage) followed by Neeley (12%), Tiber (12%), Morgan (7%), Rocky (7%), and Vanguard (6%). In 2005, we completed a set of studies designed to address the yield effects of a starch biosynthetic transgene upon maize yield. Our results indicate that increasing the activity of the rate limiting step in seed starch biosynthesis does not increase agronomic yield under most Montana growing conditions. Our current studies in this area have found that under favorable growing conditions, yield increases are associated with increased flag leaf photosynthetic rates. We also completed a study designed to measure the effects of puroindoline expression upon pilot scale milling quality. This study involved using the Miag Multomat mill to generate mill yield curves for a hard red spring wheat control variety and three transgenic lines having varying levels of added puroindoline expression. The results indicate that increasing puroindolines modifies mill yield curves substantially. Super-soft genotypes that had puroindoline levels above those found in common soft wheats had improved milling performance relative to the soft and hard wheat genotypes. Hard spring wheat Bobwhite has puroindoline genotype pina-D1b/pinb-D1a (pina null). It was transformed with the wild type pina sequence (pina-D1a). Bobwhite and three transgenic isolines were grown in replicated trials with and without irrigation during 2005. The transgenic isolines had soft grain. Grain from these trials was used to mill straight grade and whole wheat flour for Bobwhite and the three transgenic lines. Bread was baked from the straight grade and whole wheat flours. The transgenic lines had lower flour yield than Bobwhite. One of the transgenic lines had loaf volume equal to or better than Bobwhite for both straight grade and whole wheat flours, while the other two had lower loaf volume than Bobwhite. These results show that transgenic expression of the wild type pina-D1a sequence can compliment the pina-D1b allele (pina null allele), and that a soft wheat could produce loaf volume equal to hard wheat when protein quantity and quality are similar. Oregon Wheat Varieties: A new soft white common wheat variety, ORSS-1757, was released from the OSU program. Experimental line OR2010239 and varieties ORCF-101 and ORSS-1757 were tested by the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council and varieties ORCF-101 and ORSS-1757 were also tested for quality in the US Wheat sponsored Overseas Varietal Analysis Initiative. Wheat Quality Research: The OSU Wheat Quality Program investigated the effects of wheat kernel composition in noodle making and other wheat-based end-products. The program also processed high-throughput screening of hard and soft early generation wheat nurseries (approximately 1500 head row samples) and tested functionality of grain from the Oregon Winter Elite Yield Trials (OWEYT) (336 samples). First year data from the OWEYT grain indicated a strong redistribution of ranks of relative quality for genotypes when made into wire-cut cookies as compared to the standard sugar-snap type. Second year data was not entirely confirmatory of this outcome. However, new high-quality Oregon variety ORSS-1757 topped the rankings for wire-cut cookie diameter and was 5th most tender of 40 soft white winter elite breeders lines and varieties. Investigations commenced on the influences of genotype and processing on the formation and relevance of glutenin macropolymer in noodle applications. This investigation follows from work done in breadmaking by other research groups and permits a new perspective for derivation of new quality screening tests and is cutting edge for research into wheat-flour noodles. Work continues to quantify relative contributions of protein and starch to noodle texture at varying flour protein contents and relevant samples varying in starch characteristics have been collected, milled and fractionated for reconstitution studies. The project also compiled and published the 2005 version of Oregon Preferred Wheat Variety Lists for soft white winter wheat. Using data derived from graduate studies in the breeding program investigating interactions between nitrogen management, water stress and protein content and composition we have also commenced an international collaboration to investigate the use of Fourier transformations to analyze Mixograph data. This will be applied to provide more information form this widely used and standard dough rheology test method. Innovative analyses of chromatographic data on wheat proteins pioneered last year are being applied to Argentinian wheats in another international collaboration. To maintain the practical relevance of the overall project Dr Ross and Dr Peterson traveled to Asia in January 2005 to meet with Asian buyers and users of U.S. wheats.

Colordao Butler, J.D., Haley, S.D., and Seabourn, B.W. 2005. Efficiency of selection for wheat kernel characteristics using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. Clayshulte, S.R., Haley, S.D., Chapman, P.L., Seabourn, B.W., and Chung, O.K. 2005. Nursery location clustering based on Hard Winter Wheat Regional quality evaluations. Proc. Intl. Wheat Qual. Conf., Manhattan, May 22-25 2005. Haley, S.D., Quick, J.S., Johnson, J.J., Peairs, F.B., Stromberger, J.A., Clayshulte, S.R., Clifford, B.L., Rudolph, J.B., Seabourn, B.W., Chung, O.K., Jin, Y., and Kolmer, J. 2005. Registration of 'Hatcher' wheat. Crop Sci. 45:2654-2655. Stromberger, J.A., Stushnoff, C., Butler, J.D., Clifford, B.L., and Haley, S.D. 2005. Genotype and environment effects and quality trait associations with antioxidant properties of wheat grain. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. Idaho Guttieri, M.J., R. McLean, J.C. Stark, and E. Souza. 2005. Managing irrigation and nitrogen fertility of hard spring wheats for optimum bread and noodle quality. Crop Sci. 45:2049-2059. McLean, R., K.M. OBrien, L.E. Talbert, P. Bruckner, D.K. Habernicht, M.J. Guttieri, and E.J. Souza. 2005. Environmental influences on flour quality for sheeted noodles of Idaho 377s hard white wheat. Cereal Chem. 82:559-564. Souza, E.J., B.J. Goates, G. Fuentes-Davila, and J.A. Udall. 2005. Registration of ID)602 spring wheat germplasm. Crop Sci. 45:428-429. Souza, E.J., M.J. Guttieri, and J.A. Udall. 2005. Registration of IDO580 spring wheat germplasm. Crop Sci. 45:429-430. Souza, E.J., N.A. Bosque-Pérez, M.J. Guttieri, D.J. Schotzko, S.O. Guy, B. Brown, and R. Zemetra. 2005. Registration of Jerome wheat. Crop Sci. 45:1161-1162. Montana Hansen, K. A., J. M. Martin, S. P. Lanning, and L. E. Talbert. 2005. Correlation of genotype performance for agronomic and physiological traits in space-planted versus densely-seeded conditions. Crop Sci. 45:1023-1028. Hogg, A. C., B. Beecher, J. M. Martin, F. Meyer, L. Talbert, S. Lanning, and M. J. Giroux. 2005. Hard wheat milling and bread baking traits affected by the seed-specific over-expression of puroindolines. Crop Sci. 45:871-878. McLean, R., K. M. OBrien, L. E. Talbert, P. Bruckner, D. K. Habernicht, M. J. Gutteiri, and E. J. Souza. 2005. Environmental influences on flour quality for sheeted noodles in Idaho 377s hard white wheat. Cereal Chem. 82:559-564. Oregon Ohm J.B., Ross A.S., Ong Y.L., Peterson C.J. 2005. Relationship of flour proteins with noodle color parameters in white winter wheats. Poster Proceedings of the 2005 meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. AACC Press, St Paul MN. ISBN 1891127497 Ohm J., Ross A.S., Peterson C.J., Engle D.A., Morris C.F. 2005. Relationships of cookie diameter with wheat and flour characteristics in club and soft wheats. Poster Proceedings of the 2005 meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. AACC Press, St Paul MN. ISBN 1891127497 Ohm J., Ross A.S., Peterson C.J., Engle D.A., Morris C.F. 2005. Relationships of quality characteristics with size exclusion HPLC chromatogram of wheat protein extracts in soft white winter wheats. Poster Proceedings of the 2005 meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. AACC Press, St Paul MN. ISBN 1891127497 Ross A.S., Hatcher D.W. 2005. Guidelines for the laboratory manufacture of Asian wheat-flour noodles. Cereal Foods World. 50 (6): 296-304 A. S. Ross, J. B. Ohm, and T. Simpson. 2005. 2005 Preferred Wheat Varieties Lists for Oregon: Soft White Winter and White Club Wheats. Multiple publications and http://www.owgl.org Ross A.S. 2005. Selecting for Quality II. The importance of market feedback. Oregon Wheat, 57: 10-12.