Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The NC-170 Annual Meeting was held September 17–18, 2026, at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma, with virtual participation available for members unable to attend in person. The meeting was hosted by the Department of Design and Merchandising at Oklahoma State University.

Members shared updates on current research activities and opportunities for collaboration across participating institutions. Research discussed included smart wearable technologies and conductive textile systems; 3D-printed conductive materials; firefighter PPE, including fit, insulation, moisture management, contamination, and comfort; wearable sensing for pressure and temperature monitoring; gait-monitoring footwear; technologies for para-athletes; natural-fiber and sustainable protective products; thermal comfort and breathability; and occupational protection for industry and agricultural workers. Members also discussed opportunities to connect textile and PPE research with athlete engineering, kinesiology, and other interdisciplinary research areas.

A major focus of the meeting was planning for the next five-year NC-170 proposal. Members discussed the current level of active participation in the project, participating institutions, and opportunities to strengthen engagement and collaboration as the group moves into the next project period. The group also discussed research areas with strong potential for future collaborative funding, including wearable sensing technologies for firefighters and other occupational users.

Members participated in discussions to share current progress, identify future research opportunities, and continue development of the five-year proposal. These discussions provided an opportunity to consider how individual and collaborative research activities could align with the project's objectives and where participating institutions could contribute complementary expertise, facilities, and research capabilities.

The meeting also included discussion of active membership and project leadership. Members discussed the need to identify the next NC-170 Chair; however, a chair was not elected during the annual meeting. The position will be determined following the meeting through a poll of active NC-170 members.

The meeting included a tour of Oklahoma State University facilities and opportunities for informal discussion among members. The group also considered future engagement with PPE-related facilities and research laboratories as a means of strengthening collaboration and identifying new directions for NC-170 research.

Overall, the annual meeting provided an opportunity for members to share research progress, identify areas of common interest, strengthen connections across participating institutions, and begin shaping the research priorities and collaborative structure for the next five-year NC-170 project.

Activities

During the 2025–2026 reporting period, NC-170 researchers conducted collaborative and institution-specific investigations to advance personal protective technologies addressing current and emerging occupational and environmental hazards. Research activities focused on protective textile materials, wearable sensing technologies, thermal and physiological performance, contaminant exposure, and improvements in PPE sizing, fit, comfort, and usability for diverse worker populations.

Researchers at Washington State University investigated the development of conductive textile materials through side-by-side wet spinning of liquid-metal and cellulose-based fibers and the development of three-dimensional printed conductive fabrics. These activities examined material properties and fabrication methods that could support future applications in wearable sensing, energy storage, and protective systems.

Mississippi State University advanced research involving pressure- and temperature-sensing textiles, TRACK-SOCK wearable technologies, modular smart footwear, and natural-fiber-based protective products. Activities included prototype development, user evaluation, and investigation of factors influencing wearable-technology adoption. Researchers also examined cotton-based materials and sustainable approaches to developing high-performance products.

University of Georgia researchers investigated interactive tufted electronic textiles, auxetic knitted strain sensors, textile-based electronic interfaces, and wearable gait-sensing applications. Additional work explored the use of large language models and retrieval-augmented technologies to support training and knowledge transfer in advanced textile manufacturing.

Auburn University researchers continued investigating the performance, reliability, durability, and laundering characteristics of embroidered electrodes, wearable antennas, and other electronic textile components. This work addressed the practical challenges associated with incorporating electronic functions into textile products intended for repeated use.

Iowa State University researchers investigated firefighter exposure to contaminants generated by wood, plastics, lithium-ion batteries, and wildland-urban-interface fires. Activities included evaluating PPE contamination and decontamination, developing passive sampling approaches, examining glove fit and localized thermal resistance, and investigating protective systems for healthcare personnel and commercial fishing workers in cold and wet environments.

Oklahoma State University researchers investigated fiber-based multilayer protective textile systems intended to balance thermal and particulate protection with comfort and breathability. Activities included material development and evaluation relevant to industrial, agricultural, and other occupational environments.

North Carolina State University researchers continued human-subject and laboratory-based investigations addressing firefighter PPE form, fit, function, and thermal performance, with particular attention to female firefighters. This research contributed to the development of evidence-based approaches for improving protective garment design and accommodating differences in body shape and movement.

Kansas State University advanced research on body measurement, anthropometric variability, and protective-apparel sizing. In collaboration with Colorado State University, researchers examined 22 paired measurements obtained from three-dimensional body scans of 245 participants to evaluate body asymmetry and its implications for apparel fit. The team also conducted methodological research on portable and mobile three-dimensional scanning technologies and disseminated findings concerning female firefighter turnout-gear sizing. Additional activities included investigation of racing-driver suit sizing and use, development of a racing-suit design prototype, and exploratory discussions regarding protective-workwear needs among Kansas agricultural workers.

Kansas State University also collaborated with North Carolina State University to plan research connecting anthropometric analysis and garment design with protective-clothing testing, thermal performance, comfort, and mobility. The collaboration supported development and submission of two external research proposals during the reporting period.

Cornell University researchers conducted firefighter interviews and applied user-centered design methods to identify functional limitations in existing turnout gear. The team redesigned selected PPE features to improve accessibility and work efficiency, including relocating pockets, adding internal pocket compartments, and developing floating pockets intended to remain accessible when firefighters wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) harnesses.

University of Maryland Eastern Shore researchers continued work associated with the International Center for PPE (ICPPE) initiative, including pesticide operator exposure assessment, risk mitigation, and international protective-clothing standards development. Activities supported the continued development and review of the ICPPE Risk Assessment and Mitigation Tool and contributions to ISO standards addressing protective clothing for pesticide operators.

Across participating institutions, researchers also engaged in scholarly dissemination, stakeholder consultation, student research mentoring, and collaborative proposal development to advance the project's objectives.

Milestones

Significant milestones achieved during the reporting period included advances in protective textile materials, wearable technologies, occupational exposure assessment, PPE fit research, and the translation of research findings to professional and stakeholder audiences.

Washington State University advanced fabrication and characterization of multifunctional conductive fibers and textile structures. Mississippi State University developed and evaluated wearable sensing and smart-footwear concepts, including user-centered research involving 30 athletes and active individuals and a separate analysis of 94 respondents concerning wearable-technology adoption.

University of Georgia researchers developed and reported interactive tufted electronic textile structures, knitted sensing technologies, and approaches to digital knitting training. Auburn University advanced evaluation of embroidered electronic components and their suitability for wearable applications.

Iowa State University progressed research addressing firefighter smoke contaminants, lithium-ion battery hazards, passive sampling technologies, glove sizing, thermal performance, and PPE-related exposure. Oklahoma State University advanced protective textile development and research relevant to thermal and particulate hazards.

North Carolina State University continued firefighter PPE fit and performance research, contributing evidence relevant to improving protective clothing for female firefighters and other underserved wearer populations.

Kansas State University and Colorado State University completed and published their collaborative body-asymmetry study and presented the findings at the October 2025 3DBODY.TECH conference. Kansas State also disseminated research on female firefighter turnout-gear sizing at the October 2025 International Manikin & Modelling Meeting. The team submitted two manuscripts addressing portable and mobile three-dimensional scanning validation and missing-data methods for apparel anthropometry. A racing-suit design prototype was developed for future refinement and evaluation.

Kansas State University and North Carolina State University completed collaborative planning that resulted in submission of an NSF EPSCoR Research Fellows proposal in April 2026 and a Department of Defense Defense Health Agency proposal in July 2026. Funding decisions remained pending at the close of the reporting period.

Cornell University completed a firefighter-informed redesign concept addressing turnout-gear functionality, including pocket accessibility when worn with SCBA equipment. The team also disseminated its research through scholarly and professional publications and university outreach.

The ICPPE Risk Assessment and Mitigation Tool was reviewed and approved as a model referenced by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Pesticide Registration Toolkit. International standards development also progressed, with ISO 27065 reaching the Final Draft International Standard ballot stage and ISO 18889 reaching the Draft International Standard ballot stage.

These milestones represent completed research, dissemination, prototype-development, and collaborative-planning accomplishments during the reporting period. Where technologies or designs remain under evaluation, improvements in protection or user performance have not yet been established.

Outputs

NC-170 research activities produced peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers and presentations, book chapters, professional publications, technical findings, prototype designs, research datasets, methodological analyses, educational resources, and collaborative funding proposals.

Materials and wearable-technology outputs included conductive cellulose/liquid-metal fibers, electronic textile structures, pressure- and temperature-sensing concepts, TRACK-SOCK development, modular smart-footwear concepts, interactive tufted textile interfaces, auxetic knitted strain sensors, and electronic textile electrode and antenna evaluations.

Protective-performance research produced findings and publications addressing firefighter smoke contaminants, lithium-ion battery emissions, PPE contamination and exposure, passive sampling technologies, glove fit and thermal resistance, protective materials for healthcare workers, and protective apparel for extreme environments.

Research on PPE sizing and fit generated anthropometric analyses, garment-fit findings, prototype concepts, and information relevant to improving the design of protective clothing for women and other populations whose needs may not be adequately addressed by conventional sizing systems.

Kansas State University's additional outputs included a published body-asymmetry study based on 245 participants, conference presentations on body measurement and female firefighter PPE fit, two submitted methodological manuscripts, a racing-suit design prototype, and two collaborative external funding proposals. The body-asymmetry findings identified individual and localized differences that may be overlooked when garment-development decisions rely solely on population-level averages. Research on portable and mobile scanning also identified differences in measurement accuracy across body regions and populations.

Cornell University's outputs included redesigned firefighter turnout-gear features informed by firefighter interviews, a professional article in Fire Engineering, a conference proceeding addressing gender-specific turnout-gear fit challenges, and a manuscript submitted for review examining how body proportions influence fit and function in female firefighter turnout gear. The research also received university media coverage.

International and professional outputs included the ICPPE Risk Assessment and Mitigation Tool, contributions to ISO protective-clothing standards, and the edited Handbook of Occupational Personal Protective Equipment: Textile-Based PPE, along with associated book chapters.

Project members disseminated findings through professional and scientific meetings, including the FIERO PPE Symposium, AATCC Textile Discovery Summit, International Manikin & Modelling Meeting, 3DBODY.TECH conference, International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference, and other national and international venues.

Short-Term Outcomes

Research activities provided measurable evidence, new information, and resources that can support stakeholder decisions regarding protective clothing, wearable technologies, and occupational safety.

At Mississippi State University, 30 athletes and active individuals participated in wearable-technology research, providing user-centered information relevant to the continued development of smart footwear and sensing systems. A separate analysis involving 94 respondents identified considerations affecting wearable-technology adoption, including comfort, usability, accuracy, cost, and privacy.

Kansas State University's collaborative body-asymmetry study analyzed 22 paired measurements from three-dimensional scans of 245 participants. Although the study did not identify statistically significant average left-right differences across the measurement pairs, it documented individual variations relevant to garment measurement and fit. These findings provide evidence for considering localized asymmetry in protective-apparel design rather than assuming that average body symmetry adequately represents all users.

Kansas State's evaluation of portable and mobile three-dimensional scanning research also identified areas where measurement accuracy varies by body region, scanning procedure, and population. These findings provide guidance for researchers and apparel developers selecting measurement technologies for sizing and fit applications.

Cornell University's interviews with firefighters directly informed redesigned turnout-gear features addressing accessibility and functional use. The resulting concepts respond to wearer-identified concerns regarding pocket placement and interference from SCBA harness straps. Although the designs provide tangible evidence of stakeholder input being incorporated into product development, improvements in work efficiency, thermal comfort, or protective performance have not yet been quantitatively demonstrated.

Firefighter PPE research across participating institutions generated information relevant to garment sizing, thermal performance, contamination, and exposure-reduction practices. Dissemination through firefighter-focused publications and professional events made these findings accessible to stakeholders involved in PPE selection, design, and use.

The ICPPE Risk Assessment and Mitigation Tool achieved an identifiable pathway for broader application through its recognition within the FAO Pesticide Registration Toolkit. Progress in international standards development also provided research-based information for the continued improvement of pesticide protective-clothing requirements.

Across the project, short-term benefits included expanded access to research findings, increased stakeholder participation in design and evaluation, development of new prototype concepts, and additional research and training resources. Longer-term reductions in exposure, injury, costs, or heat stress have not yet been established for all technologies and should be evaluated as research progresses.

Linkages

NC-170 activities demonstrated significant internal collaboration among participating institutions and engagement with external academic, professional, industry, and occupational stakeholder groups.

Internal and multistate linkages included collaboration among Washington State University, Oklahoma State University, the University of California, Davis, and Texas Christian University on protective textile materials and related research. Mississippi State University collaborated with researchers associated with wearable technologies and protective textile performance, while Iowa State University worked with the University of Minnesota on firefighter glove sizing and anthropometric research.

Kansas State University and North Carolina State University strengthened their collaboration by connecting body measurement, sizing, and prototype-development expertise with laboratory testing and thermal-performance evaluation capabilities. Their joint proposal-development activities addressed female firefighter protective ensembles and predictive modeling for individuals wearing protective equipment. Kansas State also collaborated with Colorado State University on body-asymmetry research.

External linkages included firefighters and firefighter organizations, PPE manufacturers and industry representatives, international standards committees, agricultural safety specialists, healthcare and occupational safety stakeholders, and research communities involved in wearable technologies and advanced textile manufacturing.

Cornell University's direct engagement with firefighters provided a mechanism for incorporating end-user experience into protective garment redesign. Kansas State University initiated discussions with agricultural Extension and safety colleagues regarding protective-workwear needs among ranch and rangeland workers, extending the project's potential stakeholder engagement to additional occupational populations.

The ICPPE initiative maintained international linkages through engagement with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and organizations participating in the development of protective-clothing standards. Additional dissemination and engagement occurred through scientific and professional associations, conferences, workshops, and industry-focused publications.

These collaborations support the exchange of technical expertise, access to specialized research capabilities, identification of stakeholder priorities, and development of research that addresses practical PPE needs across occupational settings.

Plans for the Coming Year

During the next reporting period, NC-170 members plan to continue developing and evaluating protective textile materials, wearable sensing technologies, and PPE systems addressing thermal, chemical, particulate, and physiological hazards. Planned activities include further research on conductive fibers and smart textiles; wearable sensing and footwear technologies; firefighter contamination, exposure assessment, and glove performance; protective materials for healthcare, industrial, and agricultural applications; and continued work on international PPE standards and risk-assessment tools. Researchers will also continue developing collaborative proposals, disseminating findings, and engaging industry and occupational stakeholders to identify research priorities.

Additional priorities include advancing user-centered PPE sizing and fit research for underserved populations. Kansas State University and North Carolina State University plan to pursue opportunities to evaluate how body shape, garment fit, mobility, and thermal performance interact in protective ensembles, subject to funding and research capacity. Kansas State will continue exploring racing-driver protective

Grants, Contracts, and Other Resources

NC-170 members reported approximately $9.64 million in specifically identified active or received funding associated with research represented during the October 1, 2025–September 30, 2026 reporting period. Because several projects extend across multiple years, this amount represents reported project awards rather than expenditures during the current reporting year.

Additional support was reported for the University of Maryland Eastern Shore/ICPPE initiative and the North Carolina State University/Florida State University firefighter PPE project, but award amounts were not provided.

Kansas State University additionally reported two collaborative external funding proposals submitted with North Carolina State University, requesting a combined $1,321,255. Both proposals remained pending at the end of the reporting period and are therefore listed separately from awarded funding. Cornell University did not report additional grants, contracts, or financial resources.

Awarded Grants and Other Resources

Additional Collaborative Grant Proposals Submitted – Funding Pending

The two Kansas State University proposals build on NC-170 collaborations focused on protective apparel sizing, anthropometric analysis, thermal performance, and the evaluation of protective ensembles. The proposed research would integrate Kansas State University's expertise in body measurement and garment development with North Carolina State University's protective clothing testing capabilities.

Funding Summary

Total specifically reported awarded funding: approximately $9,642,974.

Total additional funding requested through pending collaborative proposals: $1,321,255.

The awarded-funding total reflects amounts reported by participating institutions and has not been adjusted for overlapping project periods, collaborative awards, or the portion of each award directly attributable to NC-170 activities. It should not be interpreted as funding newly awarded during 2025–2026. Pending proposals are reported separately and are not included in the awarded-funding total.

NC-170 Publications

Reporting Period: October 1, 2025–September 30, 2026

Alam, S. M. R., Momotaz, F., & Gillen, Z. M. (2026). Designing wearable EMG-integrated assistive sportswear for athletes with spinal cord injury: A critical review and conceptual framework. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. Under review.

Alam, S. M. R., Momotaz, F., & Lee, J. (2026). Sustainable adaptive smart apparel for diabetes and mobility disability: Integrating modular design, discreet urine management, and wearable health monitoring. The Journal of the Textile Institute. Under review.

Alcala-Medel, J., Li, Y., Eike, R., Michaelson, D., Momotaz, F., & Mashud, A. K. M. Durability study of e-textile metasurface transmission line for wearable network applications. Textile Research Journal. Under review.

Boisvert, R., & Wu, Y. (Faculty Mentor). (2025, November 19–22). Enhanced racing simulation: Training for real-world motorsports conditions through novel suit design. International Textile and Apparel Association Design Exhibition, St. Louis, MO.

Choi, S., Mohan, R. B., Kim, H. J. H., Ha, J., & Jo, J. (2026). PileUp: A tufting approach to soft, tactile, and volumetric e-textile interfaces. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, 1–14.

Chowdhury, I. Z., Sayak, N., Islam, M. M., & Mandal, S. (2026). Oil and gas industry workers' protective textiles and clothing. In Handbook on Occupational Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Textile-Based PPE (pp. 37–90). De Gruyter.

Depping, A., Eike, R., Michaelson, D., & Li, Y. (2025). Design and reliability of transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS) embroidered electrodes. AATCC Journal of Research, 12(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444251342865

Grosskopf, C., Bërdëllima, A., Wiemann, C., Kuster, C. J., Best, M. G., Shaw, A., & Martin, S. (2026). The ICPPE initiative: Developing a new global operator exposure model for handheld spray application of pesticides. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 21, 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-026-01606-7

Hossain, M. J., Etemadzadeh, M., Wu, Y., Rumi, M. J. U., Zhang, M., Li, R., & Song, G. (2026). Multilayer firefighter PPE as a reservoir for PAH contaminants after controlled pine-polystyrene smoke exposure. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Article 143017.

Hsiao, H., Li, R., Zhang, M., & Song, G. (2026). Firefighter gloves sizing: Coverage, practicality, and effectiveness. Applied Ergonomics, 132, 104696.

Huang, Y., & Liu, H. (2026). Blood and body fluid protective materials. In Handbook of Occupational Personal Protective Equipment: Textile-Based PPE (p. 21).

Huang, Y., Liu, W., & Liu, H. (2026). Multifunctional cellulose/liquid metal conductive fibers with integrated mechanical, thermal, and conductive properties for smart wearables. Carbohydrate Polymers, 124959.

Islam, M. M., Mandal, S., Schnitzler, E., Habeeb, A. M., Agnew, R. J., Petrova, A., & Boorady, L. M. (2026). Characterizing smoke contaminants on wildland firefighters' protective clothing from wood combustion. Fire Technology, 62, 161.

Islam, M. T., Rumi, M. J. U., Hossain, M. J., Etemadzadeh, M., Wu, Y., Zhang, M., Li, R., & Song, G. (2026). Comparative evaluation of passive sampling materials under controlled fire smoke exposure: Uptake of PAHs and battery-derived metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Under review.

Knisely-Medina, A., Balegar Mohan, R., & Jo, J. (2026). LLM-based support for digital knitting machine training. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 1–14.

Knisely-Medina, A., & Jo, J. (2026). Apparel pattern modification guidance of competing LLMs: ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini. Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 1–16.

Li, R., & Song, G. (2026). The invisible threat: A new look at fire smoke, PPE contamination, and the future of firefighter health. Fire Engineering PP Supplement.

Mandal, S., Liu, H., & Sun, G. (Eds.). (2026). Handbook of Occupational Personal Protective Equipment: Textile-Based PPE. De Gruyter.

Mohan, R. B., & Jo, J. (2026). Strain-sensing auxetic knit with embedded elastomeric optical fibers. Textile Intersections Conference 2026, Design Research Society. In press.

Momotaz, F., Li, R., & Song, G. Thermal performance of personal cooling systems in personal protective equipment (PPE): Insights from manikin-based testing. Textile Research Journal. Under review.

Morgan, N., Fisher, P., Kennedy, M., Kluxen, F. M., Martin, S., Shaw, A., Wend, K., & Wiemann, C. (2026). The ICPPE initiative: Development of default dermal absorption values for use in conjunction with a new global operator exposure model for pesticides. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 21, 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-026-01601-y

Nandi, S., Chowdhury, I. Z., Islam, M. M., & Mandal, S. (2026). Wildland firefighters' protective textile and clothing. In Handbook on Occupational Personal Protective Equipment – Textile-Based PPE (pp. 159–184). De Gruyter.

Nandi, S., Chowdhury, I. Z., Talukder, A., Islam, M. M., Tushar, S. I., Sharma, S., & Mandal, S. (2026). Next generation thermal management and insulation with functional nanotextiles. In Functional Nanotextiles: Processing, Properties, and Applications (pp. 195–230). Elsevier.

Nguyen, K. P., & Park, H. (2025). Gender-specific fit challenges in firefighter turnout gear: A proportional analysis. International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.31274/itaa.21864

Nguyen, K. P., & Park, H. (2026). How body proportions influence fit and function in female firefighter turnout gear. Applied Ergonomics. Submitted and under review.

Park, H., Lin, A., Do, H., & Nguyen, K. P. (2025). PPE reimagined: Design challenges, field realities, and new directions. Fire Engineering. https://digital.fireengineering.com/fireengineering/library/page/january_2026/67/

Park, K., Tacheny, M., Li, R., Zhang, M., Song, G., & Griffin, L. (2026). Evaluation of sizing system structure and reliability in firefighting gloves. Applied Ergonomics, 134, 104722.

Purandare, S., Li, R., Xiang, C., & Song, G. (2025). Novel core-shell nanostructure of ε-Poly-L-lysine and polyamide-6 polymers for reusable and durable antimicrobial function. Polymers, 17(23), 3195. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17233195

Rumi, M. J. U., Hossain, M. J., Wu, Y., Etemadzadeh, M., Zhang, M., Kingston, T. A., Li, R., & Song, G. (2026). An emerging risk: Hazardous ultrafine particles and their metal-PAH enriched emissions from lithium-ion battery fires. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 507, 141681.

Rumi, M. J. U., Wu, Y., Hossain, M. J., Etemadzadeh, M., Zhang, M., Kingston, T. A., Li, R., & Song, G. (2026). Wildland-urban interface co-combustion of biomass, synthetic polymeric materials, and lithium-ion batteries generates a new class of ultrafine soot-metal-PAH hybrid particles. Frontiers in Public Health, 14, 1768652.

Rumi, M. J. U., Wu, Y., Zhang, M., Li, R., & Song, G. (2025). Invisible hazards of ultrafine particles (UFPs) from wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire smoke as emerging public health risks: A critical review. Science of the Total Environment, 1003, 180656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180656

Shaw, A., van der Valk, H., Sanvido, O., Grosskopf, C., & Kuster, C. J. (2026). The ICPPE initiative: Development of a new global pesticide operator risk assessment and mitigation tool. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 21, 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-026-01603-w

Wang, Y., Liu, H., & Wang, X. (2026). Protective garments for food processing workers. In Handbook of Occupational Personal Protective Equipment: Textile-Based PPE (p. 143).

Weible, L., Zhang, M., Li, R., & Song, G. (2026). Protective textiles in extreme environments: A narrative review of material requirements, testing, standards, and glove performance in cold, wet commercial fishing. Textile Research Journal. In press.

Wu, Y., & Graciano, C. (2025, October). Investigating the market: Sizing and fit limitations in firefighting PPE for female firefighters. Proceedings of the 13th International Manikin & Modelling Meeting (I3M): The Clothing and Textile Sciences Research Meeting. https://doi.org/10.52750/825607

Wu, Y., Li, R., Zhang, M., Shi, J., Zhou, F., Etemadzadeh, M., Hossain, M. J., Rumi, M. J. U., & Song, G. (2026). Characterization of smoke emissions from wood and plastic combustion under controlled conditions. Fire, 9(3), 117.

Wu, Y., Morris, K., Liu, X., Boisvert, R., & Wu, H. (2025, December). Analyzing body asymmetry using 3D scans and machine learning: Insights from demographic patterns and dominant hand bias. 3DBODY.TECH Journal, 2, Article 30. https://doi.org/10.15221/25.30

Wu, Y., Morris, K., Liu, X., Boisvert, R., & Wu, H. (2025, October 21–22). Analyzing body asymmetry using 3D scans and machine learning: Insights from demographic patterns and dominant hand bias. 3DBODY.TECH 2025: 16th International Conference and Expo on 3D/4D Body Scanning, Data and Processing Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland.

Wu, Y., Zhang, M., Li, R., & Song, G. (2026). Understanding and mitigating contaminant exposure in firefighting: Comprehensive review of firefighter PPE on contamination, health risks, and decontamination methods. Occupational Health, 1(1), 12.

Zhou, F., Zhang, M., Li, R., Wu, Y., Yang, J., Yu, S., Jannesair, A., & Song, G. (2025). Machine learning models for predicting localized thermal resistance of firefighting gloves: A comparative study. Textile Research Journal. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/00405175251376696