Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

WERA 1014

Accomplishments Report

WERA 1014 Annual Meeting: Occurred on January 20, 2026, at Kennewick, WA

Objectives of WERA 1014

1. Conduct an annual review of current research, extension, and teaching activities in the western region specific to cultivated, irrigated forage systems and as integrated components of forage-livestock systems, compiled by state participants
2. Identify and prioritize emerging issues and work cooperatively to develop regional and national proposals to support research, outreach, and development of the next cohort of forage, livestock, and land management scientists and professionals
3. Identify and include in the project colleagues and stakeholders working with irrigated forages and forage-livestock systems in the western region, and mentor early-career colleagues for professional development and a culture of collaboration

Brief Summary of minutes of annual meeting taken by Gordon Jones: -Hayes Goosey was elected to Chair and Michael Rethwisch offered to serve as Secretary for 2026. Tentative plan is to meet in conjunction with Western Alfalfa & Forage Symposium in November/December 2026. Funding sources were discussed include: SARE, NAFA, NIFA.  Members agreed to continue conversation of collaboration opportunities and affirmed the value of cooperating on projects.

Members of WERA1014:

Ates, Serkan, Hannaway, David B., Bruegger, Retta, Cook, Jennifer, Creech, Earl, Jones, Gordon,

Pinnamaneni, Srinivasa Rao, Goosey, Hayes, Norberg, Oscar S., Solomon, Juan,

Acharya, Pramod.

Accomplishments

• Short-term Outcomes: Quantitative, measurable benefits of the research outputs as experienced by those who receive them. (i.e. dollars saved, reduction in disease incidence, increase in ADG)

• WERA 1014 members from Oregon and Washington partnered with the Oregon Forage and Grassland Council to host the Resilient Pasture & Forage Symposium in October 2025 to increase knowledge and producer compacity around irrigated and intensively managed pasture systems. A field tour, speakers, and a farmer panel engaged more than 135 attendees. Afterward, nearly all survey respondents (94%) reported learning something useful for their farm or work with many attendees commenting on gaining knowledge on the importance of protecting pasture root growth, the benefits of deep-rooted plants like plantain, chicory, and alfalfa, and optimizing grazing management techniques, but many attendees also commented on the human aspects of resilience. One attendee reported, “Kudos to the organizers of the Symposium. The focus on resilience for the farmers/ranchers, as well as for the land, was useful—it's easy to think I'm the only one struggling with failure and discouragement” and another wrote, “Really, I learned so much technically but more so, I learned that resilience begins with the farmer and to hear their stories helped me find more patience with my own setbacks.”
• Higher nitrogen and irrigation levels do not necessarily increase biomass, and nutritional quality of low desert Sudan grass
• Desert sudan grass can be slightly defcit irrigated without significant reduction in biomass yield
• Higher irrigation and fertilizer levels reduce water use efficiency (WUE) and Fertilizer use efficiency (NUE), respectively, increasing wastage of resources and reducing potential economic benefits
• Higher fertilizer and irrigation may enhance fertilizer erosion into drainage water and contaminate the ecosystem
• Higher fertilizer inputs can enhance sudangrass N uptake accumulating higher N in the tissue to a level of becoming toxic (hay) to livestock
• Identified optimal nitrogen and sulfur fertilization strategies to reduce nitrate accumulation in annual cereal forages while maintaining yield and forage quality.
• Delivered sulfur management recommendations that mitigate nitrate toxicity risk in drought-stressed systems.
• Evaluated insecticide efficacy and persistence for early-season adult alfalfa weevil control.
• Advanced grasshopper management strategies for pulse and forage crops through behavioral and feeding preference studies.
• Assessed dung beetle response to herd parasite management and implications for soil biological function.
• Investigated perennial forage systems for soil pH remediation following long-term nitrogen fertilization.
• Delivered more than 306 individualized forage management consultations addressing nitrate toxicity, prussic acid risk, forage testing interpretation, pasture renovation, species selection, and drought planning.
• Presented 25 seminar hours of instruction to 750 people at state, regional, national and international levels.
• Conducted multi-county drought-focused forage management workshops and regional research updates.
• Provided science-based evidence supporting compatibility of livestock grazing within utility-scale solar developments, informing land-use policy and public perception.
• Generated data supporting climate-smart livestock production through methane mitigation and enhanced nitrogen-use efficiency.
• Produced regulatory-relevant findings on hemp byproduct feeding, contributing to discussions on alternative feed approvals.
• Documented pasture diversification strategies that enhance productivity, resilience, and ecosystem services, including pollinator resources.

• Outputs: Defined products of the project (reports, data, information, observations, publications, and patents.)
  • Norberg, S. 2026. 2025. Washington State Hay Growers Association and Washington State University Alfalfa Variety Trials Report. Northwest Hay Expo. Kennewick, WA. Jan. 15-16, 2025.
  • Acharya, A. Soil health considerations after harvesting summer silage crops. Progressive Forage. Issue 9, September 2025, Page 20–21. Available at https://www.progressivepublish.com/digital-edition/pf/2025/09/viewer/desktop/#page/24
  • Higher nitrogen and irrigation levels do not necessarily increase biomass, and nutritional quality of low desert Sudan grass
  • Desert sudan grass can be slightly defcit irrigated without significant reduction in biomass yield
  • Higher irrigation and fertilizer levels reduce water use efficiency (WUE) and Fertilizer use efficiency (NUE), respectively, increasing wastage of resources and reducing potential economic benefits
  • Higher fertilizer and irrigation may enhance fertilizer erosion into drainage water and contaminate the ecosystem
  • Higher fertilizer inputs can enhance sudangrass N uptake accumulating higher N in the tissue to a level of becoming toxic (hay) to livestock
  • Babu, A., and M. Rethwisch.   Bermudagrass mite: Pest status and management in the Imperial Valley.  University of California Cooperative Extension Imperial County Agricultural Briefs. 28(3): 61-65.
  • Bachie O., Montazar A. and B. Latack. 2024a. Applying high N fertilizer and irrigation may not yield high forage biomass in Sudan grass. Imperial Ag Briefs, 27 (4):44-47.
  • Bachie O., Latack B., and A. Montazar. 2024b. Sudan grass forage quality can be affected by fertilizer and irrigation water levels. Imperial Ag Briefs, 27 (5) : 60-63
  • Bachie O., Montazar A. 2025. Results from a research trial on the erodibility of soil-applied fertilizers in low desert Sudan grass production. Imperial Ag Briefs, 28 (4):78-83
  • Grettenberger, I., M. Rethwisch, and E. Rodbell.   New data on insecticide resistance in alfalfa weevil.  Progressive Crop Consultant.  March/April.   
  • Pastrana, A.M., A. Babu, and M. Rethwisch. 2025. Understanding sooty mold:  What farmers and PCAs need to know.   University of California Cooperative Extension Imperial County Agricultural Briefs. 28(2): 29-30.
  • Rethwisch, M.   New miticides vary in efficacy in controlling twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in alfalfa hay based on growth response.  The County Agent Magazine.  86 (3): 4-5  (October 2025)
  • Rethwisch, M.   New miticides vary in efficacy in controlling twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in alfalfa hay based on growth response.  P.36. In Proc. 110th National Association of County Agricultural Agents Annual Meeting/Professional Improvement Conferences, June 29 -July 2, 2025. Billings, MT.  289 pp.
  • Becker, W., Goosey, H.B., Becker, F. 2024-2025 Northeast Montana Alfalfa Variety Dryland Trials Comparing Conventional and Roundup Ready Technologies. MAES. (In press).
  • Goosey, H.B. Impact of selected insecticides against alfalfa weevil infesting alfalfa. Arthropod Management Tests.
  • Goosey, H.B., Wanner, K. Evaluating the Effectiveness and Persistence of Insecticides Targeting Adult Alfalfa Weevils in Early Crop Stages. National Alfalfa and Forage Alliance.
  • Goosey, H.B., Oppedisano, T., Miller, K., Kosto, A., D'Imperio, E. A., Sexton, G. M. Blister Beetles of Montana. Montana State University Extension MontGuide.
  • Goosey, H.B. Perennial Grass Forages. MSU Northwestern Agricultural Research Center Field Day Booklet.
  • Goosey, H.B. Sainfoin Variety Trial. MSU Central Agricultural Research Center Field Day Booklet.
  • Goosey, H.B., Rice, C. L., Bolt, C., Pondolfino, J. Bees and Bareground. Lives and Landscapes.
  • Goosey, H.B. Weevils pose an early threat. Hay and Forage Grower.
  • Goosey, H.B. Montana Researchers Look to Boost Forage Yields. High Plains Journal.
  • Goosey, H.B. Optimal nitrogen and sulfur rates for annual forage grasses. Northern Ag Network; Morning Ag Clips; MSU News Service; Terry Tribune.
• Activities: By individuals or teams to reveal new knowledge and understanding.
  • Research on P impact on Timothy yield and quality – Norberg
  • Evaluating agronomic performance and forage potential of cover crop-integrated silage systems - Acharya
  • Evaluation of non-bloating legumes in western US condition - Acharya
  • Phosphorus uptake potential of winter forages in dairy systems -  Acharya
  • Variety performance trial for hybrid rye and small grains - Acharya
  • Silage corn whole-plant and ear moisture relationships -  Acharya
  • Acharya, P. Managing pests, soil fertility, and soil health in alfalfa fields. Forage School, Bingham Ag Services, Blackfoot, ID, Dec 3, 2025. [33 participants]
  • Adjesiwor, A. and Acharya, P. Mixing different alfalfa fall dormancy varieties. UI Snake River Weed Management Tour & Field Day, Kimberly, ID, June 25, 2025. [64 participants]
  • Acharya, P. Introducing new UI forage specialist. UI Snake River Weed Management Tour & Field Day, Kimberly, ID, June 25, 2025. [64 participants]
  • Acharya, P. University of Idaho Forage Research Program. Idaho Hay and Forage Conference, Idaho Falls, Idaho, Feb 27, 2025. [85 participants]
  • Designed and implemented replicated field experiments integrating agronomy, entomology, soil science, and livestock systems.
  • Conducted interdisciplinary research across forage fertility, pest ecology, and soil biological function.
  • Led multi-state university–industry collaboration targeting alfalfa weevil control.
  • Mentored graduate students conducting forage and soil health research.
  • Delivered statewide Extension programming and direct producer consultation.
  • Coordinated wildfire and drought resource dissemination.
  • Designed and implemented replicated field experiments integrating agronomy, entomology, soil science, and livestock systems.
  • Conducted interdisciplinary research across forage fertility, pest ecology, and soil biological function.
  • Led multi-state university–industry collaboration targeting alfalfa weevil control.
  • Mentored graduate students conducting forage and soil health research.
  • Delivered statewide Extension programming and direct producer consultation.
  • Coordinated wildfire and drought resource dissemination.
  • Organized WCRC-GV Field Day along with colleagues (Dr Earl Creech USU attended) (July 12, 2025),
  • which successfully informed over 35 stakeholders about the opportunities on different alfalfa mixes and new novel forage crops like cicer milk vetch and sainfoin
• Milestones: Key intermediate achievements linked to the project.
  • Pasture Calendar (Co-PD) for train the trainer for NRCS and others who work with producers on pastures. 2024 National Agricultural County Agents Association – Western Region Publications Award
  • In Idaho, agronomists and researchers are placing greater emphasis on advancing management practices in dairy forage production systems to enhance on-farm productivity, promote soil health, safeguard water quality, improve resilience to weather extremes, and support long-term food system sustainability. As such, some of the research initiatives include cover cropping in silage corn systems, phosphorus drawdown using winter forages, and alternative forages performance trials, among others.
  • Grower benefit from the knowledge and adjustment of their resource input, reducing resource wastage and ecological pollution for fertilizer run-off and leaching in sudangrass production
  • Knowledge increase for growers/pest control advisors regarding insect control products and related efficacy comparisons in alfalfa
  • Granulate Cutworm Insecticide Efficacy – Pyrethroid class insecticides did not provide as much early reduction potential new insecticides (active ingredient = Isocyloseram)
  • Alfalfa regrowth was not correlated with granulate cutworm numbers, as only active ingredient that result in alfalfa regrowth at 7 days post treatment was chlorotraniliprole (active ingredient in both Besiege and Vantacor)
  • Currently (and apparently very outdated) treatment threshold for treating granulate cutworm is not applicable.  Current research indicates it should be less than 1.0/sq. foot following bale removal.
  • Alfalfa weevil numbers were higher in pyrethroid insecticide treated plots than in untreated plots, thought due to reduction of ladybird beetles by the pyrethroid insecticide application.
  • Insecticide data indicated that insecticide resistance to pyrethroid insecticides existed at site in spite of no known previous applications.
  • Steward efficacy for alfalfa weevil control is declining (lower than in previous years).
  • Designed and implemented replicated field experiments integrating agronomy, entomology, soil science, and livestock systems.
  • Conducted interdisciplinary research across forage fertility, pest ecology, and soil biological function.
  • Led multi-state university–industry collaboration targeting alfalfa weevil control.
  • Mentored graduate students conducting forage and soil health research.
  • Delivered statewide Extension programming and direct producer consultation.
  • Coordinated wildfire and drought resource dissemination.

• Grants, Contracts & Other Resources
• Alfalfa Variety Trials. Washington Hay Growers Association $20,400. P.I.: Norberg, S. 03/24-5/25 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, $ $ 20,400).

• Maximizing the Value of Cover Crops in the Pacific Northwest, PNNL, Burrows, E., C. Kruger, A. Esser, S. Norberg, D. Collins. 2026. 1/2026-12/2027. $200,000. (2, 3, 5, $43,628)

• Phenotypic Response of the Soil Microbiome to Environmental Perturbations, Subcontract of DOE Grant Received by PNNL (Mod. 7) PI. Hofmockel, K., Norberg. $70,011.
• Timothy Yield and Quality as Influenced by Phosphorus and Potassium, Washington State Hay Growers Assoc. (3rd Year) P.I.: Norberg, S. Fransen. $4,000. 1/24-4/25
• Jones, G. B., Kaur, N., Dorman, S. "Assessing the Extent of Pyrethroid Resistance in Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Across Oregon," 2025-2027. Agricultural Research Foundation, Oregon State University. $15,000
• Montana Department of Agriculture, Managing Grasshoppers Damaging Pea, Lentil and Chickpea Crops in Montana $328,857
• Pheasants Forever Dung Beetles, Soil Health, and Parasite Management $110,157
• National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Sustainability of Beef Production Systems $149,280
• National Alfalfa & Forage Alliance Controlling Adult Alfalfa Weevils $50,000 (multi-state collaboration)
• National Alfalfa & Forage Alliance Alfalfa-Grass Mixtures and Heat Stress $79,048 (2026–2027)
• General Mills Regenerative Agriculture Montana Alfalfa Production Guide $25,000 Montana Fertilizer Advisory Committee Sulfur & soil pH remediation projects
• Industry seed donations for variety trials
  $2,000
• USDA-NIFA-AFRI - Strategies for sustaining the productivity of alfalfa under water limited environments of Intermountain West. Budget-$936,013 2024-2027 CSU-USU-TAMU
• Collaborative Grants
• Picasso, V., Ates, S. et al. 2022-2026 USDA SAS Grant-Fostering Resilience and Ecosystem Services in Landscapes by Integrating Diverse Perennial Circular Systems (RESILIENCE CAP)
• Ates S. et al. 2021-2023. USDA Western SARE (Professional + Producer Grant) Overseeding novel forages in Oregon as a model for enhancing perennial grass pastures in the Pacific Northwest.
• Ates S., et al. 2023-2025 USDA-NRCS-OR-CIG- The Techno-Economic and Agriculture Advantages of High Clearance Solar project, Role
• Ates S., et al. 2024-2026 WSARE Farmer/rancher-Establishing a Silvopasture Site for Long-term Research, Education, and Livelihood
• Melatophoulos A., Ates, S., National Honey Board- Establishment of birdsfoot trefoil and vetch in existing pasture stands in Western Oregon
• Ates S., et al USDA WSARE Research and Education- Unlocking the Potential of Phytochemicals for Improved Sustainability and Animal Health in Pastured Dairy Systems

• Publications
• Journals
  • M. Santosa, T. Potter, F. Pierobon, D. GÖreka, P.A. Meyer, C. Kruger, S. Norberg, D. Collins, J. Male. 2025. Unlocking the biofuel power of cover crop in Washington State: Enhancing potential through hydrothermal liquefaction. Biomass and Bioenergy 203: 108311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108311
  • Acharya, P., Ghimire, R., Aryal, D. R., Marsalis, M. A., Idowu, O. J. 2025. Land use-driven shifts in labile carbon fractions regulated total profile sequestration of soil organic and inorganic carbon in arid environments. International Soil and Water Conservation Research [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.12.001]
  • Acharya, P., Ogunleye, A., Marsalis, M. A., Bell, J. M., Ghimire, R. 2025. Enhancing forage production and quality under resource-limited conditions by alfalfa–bermudagrass interseeding. Agronomy Journal, 117, e70174 [https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70174]
  • Bista, P., Shakya, S., Acharya, P., Ghimire, R., 2025. Evaluating machine learning models for greenhouse gas emissions prediction in diversified semi-arid cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America, 89, e70057 [https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.70057]
  • Stephenson, G. O., Hannaway, D. B., Bohle, M. G., Brewer, L. J., Hammond, E., Parsons, C., Schreder, P. T., Fery, M. A., Duggan, S. J., Jones, G. B. 2025. Managing small-acreage horse farms in Central and Eastern Oregon. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Extension Bulletin #1620.
  • Jones, G. B., Duggan, S. J., Fery, M. A., Hannaway, D. B. (2024). Horse Owner's Guide to Buying Hay. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Extension Bulletin #1249.
  • Clark, M., Smith, K., Goosey, H.B., Kansman, J., Oppedisano, T. Observed behavioral responses of grasshopper pests (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to food sources under stressful conditions. Journal of Ethology. (Submitted).
  • Cholula, U., Andrade, M. A., & Solomon, J. K. Q. (2026). Effects of deficit irrigation on yield and nutritive value of alfalfa varieties in northern Nevada's semi-arid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 324, 110140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110140
  • Solomon, J. K.Q., Opoku, A., & Ogunleye, A. M. (2025). Nitrogen fertilizer requirements of silage maize and sorghum–sudangrass grown after 4 years of alfalfa production in a semi‐arid environment. Grassland Research, 4(3), 194–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/glr2.70018
  • Irawan, A., Hasan, D., Cruickshank J., Estill, C.T., Ates, S., Trevisi, E., Ranches, J., Dolan, B. and Bionaz, M. (2025) Spent hemp biomass as a feed ingredient for beef steers: effects on performance, blood parameters, behavior, cannabinoid residues, and consumer exposure levels. Animal https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2025.101715
  • Akyuz, S., Aydemir, S.K., Ates, S. (2025) Assessment of Seed Viability Before and After Storage in Forage Pea (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense) Using Field and Laboratory Methods, Plants MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14182872
  • Dazaea, A., Higgins, C. W., Rosati, A., Graham, M., & Ates, S. (2025). The Effect of Establishment Method and Shade Zones within Solar Arrays on Pasture Production in Agrivoltaics Production System. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, 1637340. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1637340
  • Ford, H., Klopfenstein, J., Ates, S., Busato, S., Trevisi, E., Bionaz, M. (2025) Feeding chicory-plantain silage and Se-yeast does not improve Strep. Uberis-induced subclinical mastitis in lactating sheep Dairy, 6(4), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/dairy6040040
  • Aydemir, S.K., Devlet, A., Ates, S. (2025) Exploring Potential of Quinoa as a Forage Crop in Dryland Farming: Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Application Timing. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, 11(2), e70062. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70062
  • Irawan, A., Nosal, D. G., Muchiri, R. N., van Breemen, R. B., Ates, S., Cruickshank, J., ... & Bionaz, M. (2025). Cannabinoid Distribution and Clearance in Feeding Spent Hemp Biomass to Dairy Cows and the Potential Exposure to Δ9-THC by Consuming Milk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 73(22), 13934-13948. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5103953
  • Irawan, A., Buffington, H., Ates, S., and Bionaz, M. (2025) Use of industrial hemp byproducts in ruminants: A review of the nutritional profile, animal response, constraints, and global regulatory environment, Journal of Cannabis Research 7, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-025-00279-7
  • Ates, S., Seeno, E., MacAdam, J.W. Moot, D.J. (2025) Exploring Clover-Based Nurse Cropping for Birdsfoot Trefoil Establishment and Yield. Grass and Forage Science. e12710 https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12710
  • Stewart, W. C., Scasta, J. D., Maierle, C., Ates, S., Burke, J. M., & Campbell, B. J. (2025). Vegetation management utilizing sheep grazing within utility-scale solar: Agro-ecological insights and existing knowledge gaps in the United States. Small Ruminant Research, 107439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107439
  • Krueger, A., Cruickshank J., Ates, S., Trevisi E., Bionaz, M. (2025) Welfare status in dairy cows during confined and grazing periods in the Pacific Northwest using blood parameters and visual assessments. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2025.2451942

• Abstracts and Proceedings
• Norberg, S., Llewellyn, S. Fransen. 2025, FERTILIZING IRRIGATED TIMOTHY (PHLEUM PRATENSE) WITH NITROGEN IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, Western Region NACCA PIC. Invited International Proceedings.

• Norberg, S., Llewellyn, S. Fransen, J. Harrison & J.P. Driver. 2025. Quality of Alfalfa Hay As Influenced by Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization. Western Crop Science Meeting, American Society of Agronomy. Invited International Proceedings.

• Norberg, S., Llewellyn, S. Fransen, J. Harrison & J.P. Driver. 2025. Quality of Alfalfa Hay As Influenced by Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization. National Association of County Agriculture Agents. Invited International Proceedings.

• Norberg, S., Llewellyn, S. Fransen, J. Harrison & J.P. Driver. 2025. Quality of Alfalfa Hay As Influenced by Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization. Western Nutrient Management Conference. Invited International Proceedings. Poster Presentation.
• Ghimire, R., Sapkota, S., Frene, J., Bista, P., Acharya, P., Singh, A. 2025. More carbon per drop: decoding soil carbon for climate resilience in water-limited areas. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting 2025, New Orleans, LA. https://agu.confex.com/agu/agu25/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/1944253
• Acharya, P., Ogunleye, A., Marsalis, M. A., Bell, J. M., Ghimire, R. 2025. Interseeding alfalfa in bermudagrass improved forage production and nutritional composition under resource-limited conditions. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. [https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2025am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/165932]
• Cholula, U., Andrade-Rodriguez, M. A., Solomon, J.K.Q., Ramireddy, M., & Khushi, K. (2025). Alfalfa yield recovery after reestablishment of full irrigation following three years of deficit irrigation. In: 2025 ASABE Annual International Meeting. ASABE.
• Khushi, K., Andrade-Rodriguez, M. A., Cholula, U., Solomon, J.K.Q., Nguyen, T., O'Shaughnessy, S. A., Evett, S. R., Zhang, J., & Quintero, D. (2025). Calibration of CROPGRO-Perennial Forage Model for alfalfa cultivated in Northern Nevada. In: 2025 ASABE Annual International Meeting. ASABE.
• Opoku, A., & Solomon, J. K. Q. (2025). Forage productivity of teff in a double cropping system following winter annual small grains forage production [Abstract]. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2025am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/168654
• Opoku, A., & Solomon, J. K. Q. (2025). Seeding rate, nitrogen rate, and harvest schedule influence on winter annual small grains forage productivity in a semi-arid environment [Abstract]. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2025am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/168656
• At ASA annual meeting Salt Lake City UT (Nov 9-12, 2025) presented on 1. Alternate furrow
• irrigation as a deficit strategy to improve alfalfa water productivity. 2.Performance of novel
• silage corn hybrids in Western Colorado
• At AFGC meeting Ashville NC (Jan 13-15 2026, Presented on 1. Impact of deficit irrigation on improved alfalfa cultivars 2. Challenges of establishing cicer milk vetch in Western Colorado
• Extension Publications
  • Solomon, J. K. Q., Opoku, A., Huber, S., & McCuin, G. L. (2025). Forage production performance of winter small grains in Western Nevada. UNR Extension, Factsheet, FS-25-04.
  • Kirschten, H. Ates, S. (2025) Agrivoltaics for Cattle: Can Renewable Energy and Grazing Coexist? Oregon Cattlemen’s Association Magazine, March 2025.