Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Annual Meeting was held on Zoom via Purdue University from June 5th-6th. The meeting consisted primarily of individual presentations about current research progress, followed by meetings to discuss the current business of the grant group and to explore potential collaborations. The group had a very lively and interactive discussion throughout the presentations, and several potential collaborations were identified.

Thursday June 5th (Eastern Time)

9:30 – 9:45 am: Welcome and introduction

9:45 – 10:15 am: David Gang (W5002 Administrative Advisor). Impact statement

10:15 – 10:30 am: Break

10:30 – 11:30 am: Research Session A

· 10:30 – 10:45 am Presenter 1: Jaume Amengual. Carotenoid biodistribution pathways

· 10:50 – 11:05 am Presenter 2: Janos Zempleni. Milk exosomes

· 11:10 – 11:25 am Presenter 3: Yanhong Liu. Bacillus subtilis supplementation on gut microbiota in weaned pigs

· 11: 30 - 11:45 am Presenter 4: Sathish Kumar Natarajan. Palmitoleate prevents LPS-inflammasome activity

11:50 – 2:00 pm: Lunch and Break

2:00 – 3:00 pm: Research Session B

· 2:00 – 2:15 am Presenter 5: Urszula Iwaniec. Chronic heavy alcohol consumption impairs the ability of demineralized allogenic bone matrix to support osteoinduction in alcohol-naïve rats

· 2:20 – 2:35 am Presenter 6: Pavel Somavat. Potential of US-adapted colored corn varieties for natural red food colorant extraction

· 2:40 – 2:55 am Presenter 7: Lavanya Reddivari. Interactions of polyphenols and polysaccharides in gut health

3:00 – 3:30 pm: Break

3:30 – 4:30 pm: Research Session C

· 3:30 – 3:45 am Presenter 8: Rich Bruno. Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Disease

· 3:50 – 4:05 am Presenter 9: Juan Andrade. Antiprotozoal effects of essential oils

· 4:10 – 4:25 am Presenter 10: Emily Ho. Diet, gut health and optimal health outcomes

4:30 – 4:45 pm: Adjourn Day One

Friday June 6th (Eastern Time)

9:15- 9:30 am: Welcome Day 2

9:30 – 10:30 am: Research Session D

· 9:30 – 9:45 am Presenter 11: Frank Duca. Prebiotics and probiotics in treating metabolic disease

· 9:50 – 10:05 am Presenter 12: Sun-Ok Lee. 3D-printed encapsulation of bioactive compound

· 10:10 – 10:25 am Presenter 13: Elad Tako. Concord Grape (Vitis labrusca ‘Concord’) Pomace Extract Impacts Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced inflammation In Ovo (Gallus gallus)

10:25 – 10:45 am: Break

10:45 – 11:45 am: Business Session

· Discucss Progress report

· Future meeting date

· Vote for incoming chair and secretary

· Breakout Rooms for Opportunities for Collaboration

12:00 pm Adjourn Meeting

Montana State University (Mike Giroux). Background: Our goal is to create and test increased amylose pasta, prepared from high and normal amylose durum wheat and/or chickpea flour. We have created increased amylose durum by selecting for mutations in individual seed starch synthesis genes. We have made pasta from high and intermediate amylose wheat. We are also measuring amylose content of different chickpea varieties and have found that they fall primarily into just two classes of amylose content. We next will be preparing pasta made from chickpeas blended with normal and high amylose durum semolina. The pastas nutritional content will be measured and we will then measure the degree to which the increased nutrition pastas can improve human health.Activities: Creation of high and intermediate amylose durum by identifying unique starch synthase alleles. Field testing of durum isolines varying in amylose content. Milling and pasta preparation from durum varying in amylose content. Screening chickpea varieties for amylose content and plan experimental approach. Outcomes. Developed low and high amylose durum that can be used as a breeding parent to select for increased amylose in durum. Screened chickpea varieties for amylose content. Measured the impact of variation in chickpea amylose on noodle texture.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln (Janos Zempleni). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, “exosomes”) play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Communication is achieved by the EV-dependent transfer of regulatory sEV cargo from sEV donor cells to adjacent or distant sEV recipient cells. The Zempleni laboratory at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has pioneered a new line of discovery by demonstrating that sEVs and their cargo do not originate exclusively in endogenous synthesis but may also be absorbed from milk (milk sEVs, MEVs). To date, 13 detrimental and beneficial effects of MEV depletion and supplementation, respectively, have been reported. The Zempleni laboratory leverages its leadership role in MEV research by studying the importance of MEVs for the health and development of infants, and by using genetically modified MEVs for delivering therapeutics to pathological, hard-to-reach tissues. The objectives of this project are to 1) maximize the accumulation of payloads in target cells while minimizing accumulation of payloads in off-target cells, and 2) implement PMEs and DMEs in patient care. The Zempleni lab developed a tremendous amount of data demonstrating success in DMEs delivered gene therapy to distinct tissues, regions of the brain, and cell types with great specificity.

University of Hawaii (Kacie Ho). Background: Various foods contain both beneficial nutrients and bioactive compounds but may also contain potentially toxic contaminants as well. Our lab investigates both the beneficial and potentially hazardous compounds in food. Additionally, we study encapsulation techniques (e.g. nanoparticles and emulsions) and how these food structures can help to improve nutrient retention, stability, and bioavailability. Activities: Over the past year, we continued work with quantifying nutrients and toxicants in different edible seaweeds and have initiated a project to investigate the microbiological and chemical safety of seaweed grown from different aquaculture facilities. A new graduate student was hired to start work on this and also to investigate the effects of different cooking methods on the retention and bioaccessibility of nutrients and toxicants in seaweed. Another graduate student was hired to investigate the effects of pre-harvest processing on nutrient and carotenoid content in hydroponically grown microgreens. Outcomes: Preliminary findings indicate that certain cooking methods may help to reduce toxic metal content, however, bioaccessibility needs to be assessed as cooking appears to enhance the extractability of various compounds. Preliminary findings have also suggested that treating radish seeds with an ultrasonication pre-treatment enhances germination and potentially anthocyanin content (a beneficial antioxidant pigment).

University of Arizona (Frank Duca). Consumers want to improve health and lose weight, and the agricultural community wants to maximize the production of crops that are in need. We aim to study which specific plant-based flours are most beneficial for metabolic health. The project examined different dietary fibers for weight loss. We found that oligofructose and beta-glucan, but not resistant starch, wheat dextrin, and pectin, led to reductions in body weight gain and adiposity over time in high-fat diet fed mice. This was associated with improved glucose tolerance in mice supplemented with beta-glucan or oligofructose. Interestingly, our

metabolic cage data demonstrated that oligofructose reduced food intake, while beta-glucan increased energy expenditure. Lastly, we found that while all fibers supplemented increased production of short-chain fatty acids, only oligofructose and beta-glucan supplementation led to increased butyrate production in mice. This work highlights the need to better understand how different fibers impact host physiology.

University of California Davis (Yanhong Liu). The current project focuses on Escherichia coli (E. coli) diarrhea, one of the most common diseases in pre-weaning and post-weaning pigs which need antibiotic treatment. The post-weaning mortality ratio is 6-10%, but sometimes may rise to 20%. Our research is mainly focusing on dietary technologies (i.e., organic acid derivatives, functional amino acids, pre- and pro-biotics, phytogenics etc.) that we judge to offer the greatest and most immediate potential value to the swine industry. The outcome of this research will advance basic and applied information about nutritional/health intervention to keep pigs healthy and subsequently may increase profitability for pork producers by providing alternative ingredients to antibiotics traditionally used in feed.

University of California Davis (Peng Ji). Background: In the U.S., many infants receive formula as a supplement or as their primary source of nutrients in early infancy. Considering the low bioavailability of supplemental iron, most infant formulas are fortified with abundant iron that is 20 – 60 folds higher than that in human milk. Iron plays a crucial role in modulating gut microorganisms and the virulence of bacterial pathogens. There is a gap in our knowledge as to how excess iron intake modulates gut health, microbiota, and risk of infections in infants, particularly those born preterm or small for gestational age. Activities: Research in Peng Ji’s laboratory in the Department of Nutrition at UC Davis uses piglets as a preclinical model to investigate the effects of early-life iron imbalance on gut microbiome and host resilience to infections. In addition, their recent research evaluated the prebiotic effects of chicory-derived inulin and its role in regulating trace mineral absorption and gut microbiota in the neonatal gut. Outcomes: Their research showed that inulin supplements not only significantly shifted the enterotype of gut microbiota but also reduced iron and other trace mineral bioavailability possibly due to shortened intestinal transit time and increased stool frequency. Excess iron intake through fortified formula or oral iron drops also changed the composition profile of gut microbiota which is characterized by a lower abundance of lactobacilli (beneficial commensals) and a higher abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a heightened risk of enteric infection.

University of California Davis (Allison Ehrlich). Consumers want to make informed decisions on selecting foods that promote gut health. We want to address what components of a diet promote a healthy gut immune system. Assessed how diets rich in aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands change the gut microbiome and gut immune system by using novel transgenic mice, germ free facilities, and single cell RNA seq. A diet rich in AhR ligands changes the gut microbiome to change immune cells in the gut that are involved in maintaining health. Currently, researchers in the field of dietary and microbiome aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling are impacted, but there is future impact potential for consumers.

Oregon State University (David Dallas). (Background) Our lab examines the digestion of milk protein and the release of bioactive peptides in infants and adults. (Activities) One of the major issues I addressed in the past year was optimizing the processing of human donor milk to improve the retention of bioactive milk proteins while maintaining milk microbiological safety. This issue is particularly important for preterm infants who are fed mostly donor milk, which is typically Holder pasteurized, which ensures safety, but denatures many key bioactive proteins, which decreases the benefits of human milk for infant health and development. We found that alternative processing techniques high pressure processing and UV-C irradiation allowed sufficient microbial reduction while improving retention of these bioactives. These results can lead to follow-on studies in preterm infants and eventually to practice changes by milk banks, changing how preterm infants are fed and improving their long-term health outcomes.

Oregon State University (Emily Ho). Decline nutritional status may be a critical determinant of healthy aging and susceptibility to infection or other stresses. Currently over 75% of the US population does not consume the recommended intake for fruits and vegetables. There is critical need to understand determinants of individual

response to bioactive foods compounds to establish evidenced based guidelines and improve the health of consumers. We have completed several human intervention trials with zinc, cruciferous vegetables, and almonds to understand the relationship among microbiome, metabolism and health biomarkers. We also developed innovative methods for data integration and identification of plant vs host metabolites using machine learning methods.

Kansas State University (Brian Lindshield). Iron deficiency anemia is a serious public health problem worldwide. Rice and maize are the staple foods that can be fortified with iron to combat deficiency anemia, but it is challenging to achieve high iron bioavailability and good organoleptic properties. We used the INFOGEST in vitro digestion model paired with the Caco-2 model to assess iron bioavailability of common fortificants. Both of these methodologies are well established but have not been paired together for iron bioavailability since INFOGEST is a newer standardized protocol. The iron bioavailability of ferric pyrophosphate and ferric orthophosphate was improved with high molar ratio (1:0.3:5.5) citric acid and trisodium citrate. Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate had significantly higher bioavailability than ferrous sulfate, but not ferrous fumarate. The combination of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and ferrous sulfate at low weight ratio was the most promising combination. These results will be of interest to nutritionists, food aid producers, food aid policy makers, food aid distributors, international agriculture development officers to allow more evidence-based iron fortification decisions to be made for rice, maize and other food products.

Purdue University (Lavanya Reddivari). (Background) Consumption of plant foods that contain flavonoids reduces the risk of IBD. Gut bacteria contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids by converting them into active metabolites, and flavonoid gut bacterial metabolism depends on the gut bacterial composition, flavonoid type, and associated food matrix. (Activities) We developed polyphenol and polysaccharide complexes to improve the stability and bioactivity of polyphenols and reduce fiber intolerance under dysbiotic microbial environments. Microbial dysbiosis is associated with several gut-related disorders that are prevalent in Western countries. The goal is to develop food-based intervention strategies to improve gut health, especially to reduce inflammation and improve barrier function through modulation of microbiota. We optimized the parameters in terms of polyphenol and polysaccharide selection and complexation. Presented the data to the intended audience through conferences, articles, and presentations.

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (Jaume Amengual). Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death globally. Our laboratory studies the protective effects of plant carotenoids in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Carotenoids are colorful pigments found in most fruits and vegetables. These molecules have antioxidant properties, but more importantly, some carotenoids such as beta-carotene are also the precursors of vitamin A. One of our studies provided the first that neurosporaxanthin, a fungal carotenoid, is highly bioavailable and functions as a provitamin A compound in mammals. We also uncovered the unexpected cardiometabolic benefits of finasteride, a clinically-approved drug widely used to treat prostate hyperplasia and alopecia in men. Using mouse models and clinical data, we demonstrated that finasteride ameliorates plasma lipids and delays the development of atherosclerosis, the main cause of death worldwide. Importantly, this paper was the most downloaded paper in 2024 in the jounal’s platform, highlighting the impact it had in our society.

University of Missouri Columbia (Pavel Somavat). Synthetic food colorants have been reported to be harmful to humans by directly modulating the physiologically relevant targets or may cause attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD), headaches, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity. However, large-scale definitive studies validating these harmful effects do not exist. The FD&C Red 40 dye constitutes about 40% of all the synthetic food colorants used in the US. However, due to the associated concerns, the State of California has banned the use of FD&C Red 3 dye as well as six other potentially harmful food dyes including the FD&C Red 40 from the state’s public schools. Some of these dyes have been reported to be carcinogens and cause neurobehavioral problems in children. More recently, FDC revoked the use of FD&C Red 3 dye from food and drugs due to its potential association with cancer in mice. The consumption of phytonutrients present in fruits and vegetables is positively correlated with potential health benefits. Colored corn varieties contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds and can be economically exploited to

generate value-added products with diverse applications in the food industry. We have made significant progress in our research work associated with the breeding and adaptation of the colored corn varieties in the Midwest and in identifying the novel applications of corn derived phytochemicals including natural red food colorants. Our work has clearly demonstrated that colored corn varieties can be utilized for the economic extraction of anthocyanin-based natural red colorants which can supplant petroleum-based synthetic food dyes including FD&C Red 40 and Red 3.

University of Arkansas (Sun-Ok Lee). Given the global prevalence of obesity and the critical role of gut microbiota in metabolic health, there is a pressing need to investigate how berry-derived bioactive compounds can be leveraged to modulate the microbial composition and promote an anti-obesogenic effect. While berry phenolics are well-known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the health effects of berry volatiles remain largely unexplored. The study addresses how gut microbiota composition in overweight/obesity is modulated by bioactive compounds in berries. The project conducted an in vitro fecal fermentation study using samples from normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals, investigating the effects of phenolics and volatile extracts from black raspberries, blueberries, and blackberries on gut microbial composition. The results provided evidence for the potential of berry bioactive compounds (polyphenols and volatiles) to influence gut microbiota composition.

University of Rhode Island (Brietta Oaks). (Background) 10.4% of babies were born prematurely in 2023, leading to an increased risk of infant mortality. Expecting parents, healthcare providers, and public health officials are key stakeholders who have an interest in seeing a reduction in preterm birth prevalence. Expecting parents are concerned about the health of their growing fetus, healthcare providers want healthy pregnancies and deliveries for their patients, and public health officials in the U.S. are interested in reducing preterm birth rates so that the U.S. has a healthier population. (Activities) We enrolled 30 pregnant women in our study which included: surveys on dietary intake and food security; saliva collection to measure cortisol, a key stress hormone associated with preterm birth; and a blood draw to measure lead concentration, vitamin D concentration, and fatty acid status. Recruitment activities targeted low- and moderate-income areas of Rhode Island and involved both graduate and undergraduate research assistants. To complete the study, we worked with Quest Diagnostics for the blood draw and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) prenatal clinics. (Outcomes) In our preliminary data analysis, we found that lead exposure is not a concern for our study population. All pregnant women in our study had less than or equal to 1 µg/dL of lead concentration in their blood, which is below the 3.5 µg/dL lead concentration cutoff that is used to designate a health concern. However, we did find a widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Approximately 40% of participants identified as vitamin D deficient (≤ 20 ng/mL), with an additional 43% classified as vitamin D insufficient (20-29 ng/mL). This means that only 17% of the pregnant women in our study had a sufficient vitamin D concentration (greater or equal to 30 ng/mL).

University of Connecticut (Christopher N. Blesso). (Background) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is one of the most common liver diseases. Over 75% of individuals with NAFLD are obese, but lean individuals can also develop NAFLD and have limited therapeutic options. Dietary sphingomyelin has been shown to inhibit the absorption of NASH-promoting dietary lipids. The objective of this project is to investigate the effects of dietary sphingomyelin from chicken egg yolk (egg sphingomyelin) on liver injury and lipid metabolism in mouse models of lean and obese NASH. The major objective of this project aligns with one of the primary objectives of the W5002 Multi-State project, which is to “Determine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of nutrients and dietary bioactive compounds towards improved health.” (Activities) The project investigated the effects of dietary sphingomyelin from chicken egg yolk on liver injury and lipid metabolism in mouse models of lean and obese NASH. Mice were fed diets to induce obese NASH (i.e., NASH with obesity) and lean NASH (i.e., NASH without obesity), with and without added dietary egg sphingomyelin. Serum/plasma and livers were collected to assess liver injury markers, gene expression, and lipid profiles. (Outcomes) The addition of egg sphingomyelin in the diet decreased markers of liver injury in mouse models of both lean NASH and obese NASH with changes in 

inflammatory pathways and lipid metabolism pathways of the liver. Manuscript preparation is ongoing.We will continue our analysis to better understand the molecular mechanism of the effects on the disease processes.

University of Maine (Dorothy Klimis-Zacas). (Background) Wounds occur in over 15 million people with approximately $60 billion spent annually on wound care. Deficient vascularization is a significant factor that promotes chronic and non-healing wounds, ultimately resulting in amputation. Currently, most clinical wound treatments are antibiotics for infection control. Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, ischemic limbs, and pressure ulcers lack treatments that promote wound healing and improve tissue remodeling. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective, cost-efficient, natural sources-derived therapies that have no deleterious side effects. (Activities) We initiated and completed pre-clinical studies with animal models, to determine the role of this non-fidelity biomedical prototype on the speed of wound closure, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, collagen formation and inflammation related to wound healing as well as gene expression of several proteins responsible for inflammation, angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. The pre-clinical study was completed, and data are presently analyzed. (Outcomes) Results from the pre-clinical studies in testing the wild blueberry extract hydrogel product on wounds of animal models documented that this product at specific concentrations significantly induced faster wound closure by 25% over the control and over the most commonly used commercial wound care product and significantly increased re-epithelialization, collagen formation and vascularization compared to control and the commercial product. Additionally, upregulation of genes associated with vascularization and collagen formation was observed with the wild blueberry extract hydrogel product.

The Ohio State University (Richard Bruno). The tea plant is rich in polyphenols. While tea leaves processed for the manufacture of green tea retain their bioactive catechins, these catechins are lost during the manufacture of black tea. Unfortunately, Americans prefer the flavor of black tea over green tea, limiting their potential to realize the health benefits attributed to catechins. Likewise, approximately one-third of Americans have suboptimal vitamin C status. This potentially heightens their risk for advanced liver disorders occurring in obesity such as MASLD. MASLD affects 100 million Americans, and is expected to increase in its prevalence in association with the ongoing obesity epidemic. We are performing secondary analyses of a clinical trial investigating green tea polyphenols on cardiometabolic health in persons with metabolic syndrome. Data suggest that persons having a higher propensity to bioconvert green tea catechins to valerolactones by gut microbiota achieve greater bioefficacy to restore gut barrier functions that are linked to cardiometabolic health. Further, in a transgenic mouse model that is unable to synthesize vitamin C, i.e., gulonolactone oxidase-knockout mice (Gulo-KO), we are examining the extent to which vitamin C status is a critical determinant of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Data suggest that poor vitamin C status potentiates liver injury in MASLD, specifically hepatocellular ballooning. We provided novel methodology using LC-MS to analyze plasma valerolactones following the ingestion of green tea catechins. These methods were critical for advancing a precision nutrition strategy by identify persons having microbial populations capable of bioconverting catechins into a metabolite that is not only more absorbable, but correlated with improved cardiometabolic health. Additionally, this project contributed to the training of two graduate students and two undergraduate students. Research assistants gained knowledge in microbiota analysis, linking shifts in the microbiome to the health-promoting benefits of catechins on cardiometabolic health. They also gained fundamental and hands-on training in HPLC and LC-MS to analyze catechins and their microbial-derived metabolites as well as vitamin C in liver tissue to understand the mechanistic benefit of these bioactive food components to support cardiometabolic health.

Ali, A., C. Wan, M. Lin, S. Flint-Garcia, B. Vardhanabhuti and P. Somavat (2024). "Microencapsulation of highly concentrated polyphenolic compounds from purple corn pericarp by spray-drying with various biomacromolecules." Int J Biol Macromol 272(Pt 2): 132938.

Angima, G., Y. Qu, S. H. Park and D. C. Dallas (2024). "Prebiotic Strategies to Manage Lactose Intolerance Symptoms." Nutrients 16(7).

Armah, A., C. Jackson, N. Kolba, P. R. Gracey, V. Shukla, O. I. Padilla-Zakour, T. Warkentin and E. Tako (2024). "Effects of Pea (Pisum sativum) Prebiotics on Intestinal Iron-Related Proteins and Microbial Populations In Vivo (Gallus gallus)." Nutrients 16(12).

Beaver, L. M., M. Prati, K. E. Gilman, T. Luo, N. F. Shay, A. J. Branscum, R. T. Turner and U. T. Iwaniec (2023). "Diet composition influences the effect of high fat diets on bone in growing male mice." Bone 176: 116888.

Bentil, H. J., S. Adu-Afarwuah, E. L. Prado, C. D. Arnold, P. D. Hastings, A. E. Guyer, M. O. Mensah, A. Manu, X. Tan, E. Adjetey, B. Amponsah, M. E. Demuyakor, K. G. Dewey and B. M. Oaks (2024). "Sustained effects of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements provided during the first 1000 days on child growth at 9-11 y in a randomized controlled trial in Ghana." Am J Clin Nutr 119(2): 425-432.

Bentil, H. J., E. M. Daang, A. E. Guyer, H. Yuan, S. Adu-Afarwuah, B. Amponsah, A. Manu, M. O. Mensah, M. E. Demuyakor, C. D. Arnold, B. M. Oaks, E. Prado and P. D. Hastings (2024). "Assessing Children's Autonomic Nervous System Activity During Structured Tasks: A Feasibility and Reliability Study in Ghana." Dev Psychobiol 66(6): e22535.

Bouranis, J. A., L. M. Beaver, C. P. Wong, J. Choi, S. Hamer, E. W. Davis, K. S. Brown, D. Jiang, T. J. Sharpton, J. F. Stevens and E. Ho (2024). "Sulforaphane and Sulforaphane-Nitrile Metabolism in Humans Following Broccoli Sprout Consumption: Inter-individual Variation, Association with Gut Microbiome Composition, and Differential Bioactivity." Mol Nutr Food Res 68(4): e2300286.

Bouranis, J. A., Y. Ren, L. M. Beaver, J. Choi, C. P. Wong, L. He, M. G. Traber, J. Kelly, S. L. Booth, J. F. Stevens, X. Z. Fern and E. Ho (2024). "Identification of biological signatures of cruciferous vegetable consumption utilizing machine learning-based global untargeted stable isotope traced metabolomics." Front Nutr 11: 1390223.

Bouranis, J. A., C. P. Wong, L. M. Beaver, S. L. Uesugi, E. M. Papenhausen, J. Choi, E. W. Davis, 2nd, A. N. Da Silva, N. Kalengamaliro, R. Chaudhary, J. Kharofa, V. Takiar, T. J. Herzog, W. Barrett and E. Ho (2023). "Sulforaphane Bioavailability in Healthy Subjects Fed a Single Serving of Fresh Broccoli Microgreens." Foods 12(20).

Bruno, R. S. and K. Zamary (2024). "Reemergence from the pandemic, annual awards, and editorial office updates: from the desk of the Editor-in-Chief, Nutrition Research." Nutr Res 123: 131-136.

Cao, S., J. T. Pierson, A. H. Bond, S. Zhang, A. Gold, H. Zhang, K. M. Zamary, P. Moats, M. D. Teegarden, D. G. Peterson, X. Mo, J. Zhu and R. S. Bruno (2024). "Intestinal-level anti-inflammatory bioactivities of whole wheat: Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled, crossover dietary trial in adults with prediabetes." Nutr Res 131: 83-95.

Cardona, C. J., Y. Kim, W. Chowanadisai and M. R. Montgomery (2024). "Considerations for Using Neuroblastoma Cell Lines to Examine the Roles of Iron and Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration." Cells 13(18).

Carrara, J. E., L. Reddivari and W. P. Heller (2024). "Inoculation of black turtle beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with mycorrhizal fungi increases the nutritional quality of seeds." Plant Environ Interact 5(1): e10128.

Chan, J. P., J. Tanprasertsuk, E. J. Johnson, P. Dey, R. S. Bruno, M. A. Johnson, L. W. Poon, A. Davey, J. L. Woodard and M. J. Kuchan (2024). "Associations between Brain Alpha-Tocopherol Stereoisomer Profile and Hallmarks of Brain Aging in Centenarians." Antioxidants (Basel) 13(8).

Cheng, J., N. Kolba and E. Tako (2024). "The effect of dietary zinc and zinc physiological status on the composition of the gut microbiome in vivo." Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64(18): 6432-6451.

Dashner-Titus, E. J., J. R. Schilz, S. A. Alvarez, C. P. Wong, K. Simmons, E. Ho and L. G. Hudson (2023). "Zinc supplementation alters tissue distribution of arsenic in Mus musculus." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 478: 116709.

Goodus, M. T., A. N. Alfredo, K. E. Carson, P. Dey, N. Pukos, J. M. Schwab, P. G. Popovich, J. Gao, X. Mo, R. S. Bruno and D. M. McTigue (2024). "Spinal cord injury-induced metabolic impairment and steatohepatitis develops in non-obese rats and is exacerbated by premorbid obesity." Exp Neurol 379: 114847.

Haas, J., B. J. Kim, Z. Atamer, C. Wu and D. C. Dallas (2025). "Effects of high-temperature, short-time pasteurization on milk and whey during commercial whey protein concentrate production." J Dairy Sci 108(1): 257-271.

Hernando, V., L. Suárez, G. Gutiérrez, J. C. López, R. Navarro-Soler, A. Cabello, J. Sanz, I. Suarez-García, M. T. Fernández, J. E. Losa, J. L. Pérez, L. Ramos-Ruperto, M. J. Pérez-Elías, W. Aayuni, M. Cuesta, G. González, A. Izquierdo, L. Viloria, I. López, E. Martínez, D. Castrillejo, M. G. Jaume Amengual, M. A. Belmonte, A. Arraiza, J. de la Torre, E. Miqueleiz, H. Marcos, M. Ruiz-Algueró, T. Villegas, L. Simón and A. Diaz (2024). "Vaccination trends in people with HIV infection participanting in the hospital-based survey of patients infected with HIV, 2006-2021." Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 42(7): 339-346.

Howard, E. J., R. K. Meyer, S. N. Weninger, T. Martinez, H. R. Wachsmuth, M. Pignitter, A. Auñon-Lopez, A. Kangath, K. Duszka, H. Gu, G. Schiro, D. Laubtiz and F. A. Duca (2024). "Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Fibers on Metabolic Homeostasis in High-Fat Diet Mice via Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites." J Nutr 154(7): 2014-2028.

Huang, Z., Z. Cai, J. Zhang, Y. Gu, J. Wang, J. Yang, G. Lv, C. Yang, Y. Zhang, C. Ji and S. Jiang (2023). "Integrating proteomics and metabolomics to elucidate the molecular network regulating of inosine monophosphate-specific deposition in Jingyuan chicken." Poult Sci 102(12): 103118.

Jamieson, P. E., E. B. Smart, J. A. Bouranis, J. Choi, R. E. Danczak, C. P. Wong, I. L. Paraiso, C. S. Maier, E. Ho, T. J. Sharpton, T. O. Metz, R. Bradley and J. F. Stevens (2024). "Gut enterotype-dependent modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolism in response to xanthohumol supplementation in healthy adults." Gut Microbes 16(1): 2315633.

Jandova, J., G. Schiro, F. A. Duca, D. Laubitz and G. T. Wondrak (2024). "Exposure to chlorinated drinking water alters the murine fecal microbiota." Sci Total Environ 914: 169933.

Jang, H., H. Woo, O. Corvino, H. Kang, M. B. Kim, J. Y. Lee and Y. K. Park (2024). "Dietary sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) consumption did not attenuate atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice." Food Funct 15(12): 6684-6691.

Kalea, A. Z. and D. Klimis-Zacas (2024). "Editorial: unravelling the trifecta: obesity, cancer, and DNA damage." Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 27(4): 323-324.

Kang, H., Y. K. Park, J. Y. Lee and M. Bae (2024). "Roles of Histone Deacetylase 4 in the Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes." Diabetes Metab J 48(3): 340-353.

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