Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

2025 Meeting Agenda and Items Discussed:

Date: January 18, 2025

Location: Chicago, IL. Marriott Magnificent Mile, Chicago C (5^th floor)

Time: 12:00-3:00 pm CST

In attendance: (existing members, interested, and graduate students of members)

Amelia Woolums, Andrea Lear, Brad White, Bradly Ramirez, Brennen Hunt, Cassidy Klima, Enrique Doster, Eric Cheng, Ethan Dudley, Fabiola Oyervides, Florencia Meyer, Grant Dewell, Haleigh Prosser, Hudson McAllister, James Averill, Kathe Bjork, Kushal Lamsal, Lee Pinnell, Marc Caldwell, Matthew Scott, Merrilee Thoresen, Nicolas Hacker, Paul Morley, Robert Valeris-Chacin, Santiago Cornejo, Tim Sullivan, Valeria Lugo Mesa, William Crosby

Time                                  Topic

12:00-12:15 pm                Introductions and welcoming new/interested members

12:15-12:40 pm                Meeting authorization and updates from Administrative Advisor Dr. James Averill

12:40-1:00 pm                   USDA-NIFA news, budget, and competitive programs updates from Drs. Kathe Bjork and Tim Sullivan

1:00-1:15 pm                     Updates and debriefing from 2024 Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium (August 7-8, 2024) from Drs. Amelia Woolums and Grant Dewell

1:15-2:30 pm                     Presentation of station reports from attending stations

2:30-3:00 pm                     Business meeting

      Items discussed

• Final annual station reports/activities for NIMSS – due March 18, 2025 (60 days following annual meeting)
• NC1192 project date ends September 30, 2026; renewal/project proposal for next five years due December 1, 2025
  • Writing committee headed by Drs. Matthew Scott, Robert Valeris-Chacin
• Future planning: CRWAD 2026, electronic discussion on new objectives for project renewal (2026-2031), new technical leadership

3:00 pm                                   Meeting adjourned

Objective 1: To elucidate pathways by which host characteristics, pathogen virulence mechanisms, and environmental impacts interact to produce BRD, and to develop strategies to mitigate detrimental factors and enhance protective mechanisms.

• Molecular epidemiological assessment of beef cattle management systems: how markets and vaccines influence health and disease(TX: Sarah Capik, Matthew Scott, Paul Morley, Lee Pinnell; MS: Kelsey Harvey, Brandi Karisch, Amelia Woolums).
  • Beef cattle production systems continue to face challenges with BRD, partly due to limited vertical integration and a lack of understanding about how early-life management influences disease risk in later production stages. Two key management decisions with significant potential to affect BRD risk – preweaning vaccination and marketing strategy – remain poorly understood in terms of their long-term effects. Specifically, the ways these decisions influence host immunity and the host-pathogen relationship as cattle transition through production phases are unclear. We hypothesize that management practices aimed at reducing BRD risk affect host immune responses, cellular activity, and the composition of microbial communities. To test this, we will employ a time-course, multi-omics approach to analyze 1) whole blood transcriptomes and 2) microbial DNA and RNA from the upper respiratory tract of cattle.
  • At the second timepoint (T2), 26 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between VAX and NOVAX groups, and 12 DEGs were identified between BRD and NO BRD cattle. At the third timepoint (T3), there were 47 DEGs between VAX and NOVAX and 10 DEGs between BRD and NO BRD. At the fourth timepoint (T4), 32 DEGs were found between VAX and NOVAX, while 51 DEGs were identified between BRD and NO BRD. Over time, VAX cattle showed increased expression of genes associated with cellular response to stress, neutrophil degranulation, and antigen processing and presentation compared to NOVAX cattle. Cattle that later developed BRD during the backgrounding phase exhibited elevated expression of genes involved in oxygenation, cellular metabolism, and cytokine signaling compared to those that remained healthy. Timepoint comparisons, adjusted for VAX and BRD effects, revealed 10,397 DEGs across all timepoints. These DEGs were enriched for pathways linked to both innate and adaptive immune responses and interleukin signaling.
  • At the fourth timepoint (T4), 3, 4, and 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for marketing strategy, vaccination, and BRD during backgrounding, respectively. Genes associated with later BRD development were enriched for pathways related to oxygenation and lipid metabolism (both decreased in BRD) as well as cellular scavenging and leukocyte migration (both increased in BRD). At the fifth timepoint (T5), 834, 56, and 364 DEGs were identified for marketing strategy, vaccination, and BRD, respectively. Vaccination-related genes were enriched for extracellular matrix organization, neutrophil degranulation, antimicrobial peptides, interleukin signaling, and scavenging by class A receptors (all increased in the NOVAC group). Marketing-related genes were enriched for neutrophil degranulation, interleukin signaling, type I and II interferon signaling, cellular response to stress, and cornified envelope formation and keratinization (all increased in the AUC group). BRD-related genes were enriched for cytokine signaling, interferon signaling, interleukin signaling, neutrophil degranulation, and phagocytosis (all increased in BRD cases). At the sixth timepoint, 135, 17, and 3 DEGs were identified for marketing strategy, vaccination, and BRD, respectively. Marketing-related genes at this timepoint were enriched for cell tight junction formation, cornified envelope formation, keratinization, and interleukin signaling (all increased in the AUC group).
  • The development of methodology to simultaneously extract and evaluate microbial DNA and RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs has been successful. RNA from these samples were considered degraded, therefore only DNA was sequenced with the anticipation of RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs acquired from Year 3 cattle to be utilized for molecular assessment. DNA sequencing is finished, with bioinformatic processing and analyses underway. Final reporting is expected by fall 2025.
• Influence of tulathromycin metaphylaxis on the whole blood transcriptome of high-risk stocker cattle(TX: Matthew Scott, Robert Valeris-Chacin, Paul Morley; MS: Amelia Woolums, Brandi Karisch).
  • The elusive nature of BRD in terms diagnosis and prediction has made mass antimicrobial administration at facility entry, or metaphylaxis, a standard practice in beef cattle production. While effective in reducing herd-level BRD morbidity and mortality, its efficacy varies widely across populations and may contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and refractory respiratory disease. Limited molecular research has explored the impact of these antimicrobials on microbial populations and host responses, leaving therapeutic discrepancies poorly understood. To address this, we conducted a randomized control trial with high-risk commercial heifer calves, comparing tulathromycin metaphylaxis (META) to a negative control (NOMETA) while evaluating host blood transcriptomes over time in relation to naturally occurring BRD.
  • At arrival, comparisons between healthy cattle and those treated once or two or more times revealed 1 and 4 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Comparing at-arrival samples to those collected at the first BRD treatment identified 3,882 DEGs. Analyses of healthy cattle versus those treated during the first or second week of the study identified 1,715 and 767 DEGs, respectively. Additionally, 44 DEGs were observed when comparing first versus subsequent treatments. Comparing treatments during the first versus second week revealed 1,518 DEGs. Common functional enrichments across these analyses included increased neutrophil degranulation, reduced biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), and diminished immune system regulation in BRD-affected cattle.
• Targeted transcriptome analysis of cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (TN: Andrea Lear; AU: Thomas Passler).
  • The purpose of this study was to use transcriptome analysis to investigate the long-term immune status of adult PI cattle and offer insight into the potential mechanistic establishment of persistent BVDV infection.
  • Significant findings: Transcriptome changes indicated chronic upregulation of interferon-gamma (IFNG) with an unexpected expression of related genes, indicating a chronic pro-inflammatory state in PI cattle compared to healthy controls.
• Identification of pathogen profiles and loci associated with enhanced resistance to bovine respiratory disease (WSU: Holly Neibergs; TAMU: Christopher Seabury).
  • Bacteriology and virology are being used to identify pathogen profiles from mid-nasal and deep pharyngeal swabs and Illumina BovineHD BeadChips will be used for genotyping. Genome-wide association results will be compared with previous results in pre-weaned dairy calves in California and New Mexico. Sample collection is complete, bacteriology and virology samples are submitted for diagnostic testing and DNA extraction and genotyping of a custom panel is also complete.
  • Additionally, eight other dairies have been evaluated for BRD and genotyped and have been analyzed. In Washington and Idaho, approximately 4500 pre-weaned calves were genotyped and about 5200 post-weaned calves were genotyped and analyzed for loci associated with BRD. In Georgia, over 15,000 calves were genotyped and analyzed for loci associated with BRD. A gene set enrichment analysis is currently being completed.
• Experimental infection and viral pathogenesis of H5N1 in jersey cattle (AU: Manuel Chamorro, MSU: Florencia Meyer, UGA: Daniel Perez, Roberto Palomares)
  • This study was developed as a collaboration with Dr. Daniel Perez’s lab and the Animal Health Research Center (UGA-AHRC). In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have crossed the species barrier into multiple species, including dairy cattle, causing a significant decrease in milk production and rapid spread across multiple U.S. states in 2024. Previous studies have demonstrated that Holstein cows are susceptible to H5N1 infection. To investigate whether Jersey cows are susceptible to H5N1 infection and their potential as an experimental model, we inoculated three Jersey lactating cows intranasally and intramammarily with a human H5N1 influenza virus. Following inoculation, milk production rapidly decreased, and milk samples exhibited a colostrum-like yellow appearance. Milk production remained low for at least seven days. All three cows experienced high fever peaks within one day of inoculation. Infection was confirmed by high levels of viral RNA detected for several days in external and internal swabs of infected teats, and milk samples. On days 5, 6, and 7 post-infection, cows #2, #3, and #4, respectively, were euthanized for extensive tissue collection. vRNA levels were high and comparable between mammary tissues. We also collected tissues from the respiratory tract. vRNA was detected in the nasal cavity (ethmoid) of all three cows, and in the trachea of cows #2 and #4. Very low levels of vRNA were detected in the accessory lung of cows #3 and #4. All other tissues tested negative for vRNA. The low levels of vRNA detected in the respiratory tract suggest inefficient viral replication in this tissue. Conversely, the higher vRNA levels found in the mammary gland tissues confirm the tissue tropism of H5N1 for the mammary gland. These findings confirm that Jersey cows are susceptible to H5N1 infection and establish them as a valuable experimental model for studying disease pathogenesis and developing effective vaccines.

Objective 2: To develop and validate methodologies for accurate BRD diagnosis, objective risk assessment, and surveillance to detect new trends in BRD occurrence.

• Respiratory disease in calves postweaning exposed to an in-utero BVDV infection (TN: Andrea Lear, Marc Caldwell; WSU: Korakrit Poonsuk).
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term immunologic impacts of in-utero BVDV infection in weaned calves.
  • Significant findings: Incomplete study, at the stage of final data analysis. Calves infected with BVDV at 200 days of gestation demonstrated decreased trends of pro-inflammatory cytokines when infected with Mannheimia hemolytica (MH), compared to controls. Data supports evidence of prolonged dysregulation of the immune response in calves transiently infected with BVDV, past the neonatal phase. Development of a saliva-based MH antibody titer using samples from this study is ongoing.

Objective 3: To develop and validate management practices and responsibly applied therapeutic and preventative interventions, such as vaccines, antimicrobials, and immunomodulators, to minimize the impact of BRD on cattle, producers, and society.

• Evaluation of the effects of postweaning commingling and transport on bovine respiratory coronavirus shedding in dairy calves (MS: Florencia Meyer, Amelia Woolums; TX: Matthew Scott, Paul Morley, in collaboration with Noelle Noyes at the lead institution University of Minnesota).
  • This project seeks to evaluate the impact of postweaning commingling and/or truck transport on bovine respiratory coronavirus shedding in dairy calves over 7 days post weaning. Host immune gene expression, cortisol production, and proinflammatory cytokine production will be assessed before and after commingling and/or transport. The rationale is that disease is often worse in animals that have been transported and co-mingled, but it is not known which of these experiences contributes more to disease. Data that defines differences between transport and co-mingling are surprisingly rare. This research will separate the effects of co-mingling and transport on susceptibility of calves to infection by bovine coronavirus, and it will also incorporate assessment of host responses to assess the impact of individual animal stress and immunosuppression on virus shedding.
• Transcriptomic profile of respiratory mucosa and lymphoid tissue in dairy calves challenged with BVDV and BHV1 after vaccination and trace minerals injection (UGA: Roberto Palomares, TX: Matthew Scott).
  • Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major disease complex affecting the cattle industry globally, with viral agents like BVDV, BRSV, BHV1, and BPI3V commonly involved. These infections often lead to immunosuppression, increasing susceptibility to other pathogens and worsening disease severity. Strategies to control BRD include multivalent vaccines, biosecurity measures, and early clinical diagnosis, although vaccination results are variable, particularly due to interference from maternally transferred antibodies. Intranasal vaccination appears to be effective in overcoming this interference and stimulating a mucosal immune response. Additionally, injectable trace minerals (ITM) have shown benefits when used with BRD vaccination. However, little is understood regarding the influence these tactics have on immunomodulation and cellular mobilization within bovine lymphoid tissue is largely unknown. The objective is to assess the transcriptomic profile of central and peripheral lymphoid tissue in dairy calves challenged with BVDV + BHV1 following vaccination and trace mineral injection (TMI).
  • From splenic tissue samples, one gene co-expression module (“yellow”) was positively associated with vaccination in splenic tissue; this module possessed genes related to cellular filament organization and development, Notch signaling, and collagen biosynthesis. Another module (“purple”) was negatively associated with trace minerals administration, related to the regulation of T-cell activation, antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II, complement regulation, interferon-γ signaling, and neutrophil degranulation. Several splenic modules were associated with clinical illness scores over time, depicting a predicted protein-protein interaction complex centered around ubiquitin C.
  • Bioinformatic work encompassing gene expression patterns from additional lymphoid tissues (tonsils, buffy coat) is currently underway, with expected reporting by spring 2025.
• Integrated transcriptome and multi-tissue mineral analyses of stocker cattle fed complexed or inorganic trace mineral supplement(MS: Kelsey Harvey, Brandi Karisch, Amelia Woolums; TX: Matthew Scott).
  • Trace element supplementation is a common nutritional practice in post-weaned beef cattle production, supplying dietary minerals necessary for growth and immunological function. Specific trace elements, such as copper and zinc, work together to promote T-cell-dependent immune function and humoral antibody production. While several strategies to manage bovine respiratory disease (BRD) exist in post-weaned beef production systems, the nutritional supplementation of trace minerals continues to be one of the most common. However, most supplemental strategies utilize a “one-size-fits-all” approach with respect to trace minerals, and their utility remains highly variable in terms of controlling rates of BRD. Here, we sought to evaluate the effects of three different supplemental strategies on liver and serum mineral concentrations of high-risk beef cattle, further incorporating the analyses of blood transcriptomes to assess changes in the immune and metabolic system over time.
  • This study evaluated the effects of three supplementation programs on liver and serum trace element levels and blood gene expression in high-risk beef steers over 60 days. Fifty-six steers were randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) sulfate-sourced Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), (2) amino acid-complexed Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC), or (3) AAC plus trace mineral and vitamin drench (COMBO). Trace element concentrations in serum and liver biopsies were measured at d0, d28, and d60 in cattle without BRD (n = 9 INR; n = 6 AAC; n = 10 COMBO). Generalized linear mixed models and Spearman’s rank correlations were used to analyze differences and associations between mineral concentrations (p < 0.05). Whole blood RNA from healthy steers (n = 4 per group) was collected at d0, d13, d28, d45, and d60 for transcriptomic analysis using glmmSeq (FDR < 0.05), edgeR (FDR < 0.10), and Trendy (p < 0.10). Across all groups, Cu and Co concentrations in serum and liver increased over time, with COMBO showing significantly higher liver Cu levels (487.985 μg/g) compared to AAC (392.043 μg/g) at d60 (p = 0.013). Serum and liver Cu (ρ = 0.579, p = 6.59 × 10⁻⁸) and Co (ρ = 0.466, p = 2.80 × 10⁻⁵) concentrations were positively correlated. Minimal differences in gene expression were observed between AAC and COMBO (n = 2 DEGs) or INR and COMBO (n = 0 DEGs). However, 107 DEGs were identified between AAC and INR (d13-d60), with AAC showing upregulation in pathways related to carbohydrate and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism, antigen presentation, ATPase activity, and B- and T-cell activation, while pathways for osteoclast differentiation and neutrophil degranulation were downregulated.
  • Further work is ongoing to evaluate the interactions between BRD acquisition and type of as-fed trace element supplement enrollment influence host gene expression, centered around inflammatory cytokine response and resolution.
• Intranasal BRSV Vaccine Efficacy: a study on the trivalent modified live virus vaccine (KSU: David Renter; SDSU: Chris Chase; Clinvet: Stephanie Perkins-Oines, Norish Senevirathne, Greta Krafus, Karim Abdelsalam; Merck: Brent Meyer).
  • This study evaluated the efficacy of a modified live, intranasal trivalent vaccine in neonatal calves, demonstrating reduced lung lesion scores, an improved immune response, and weight gain post-BRSV challenge following vaccine use.
• Comparative Effectiveness of Macrolide Antibiotics for BRD Treatment (KSU: David Renter, Lucaas Horton; Five Rivers: Isaac Hardee; Boehringer Ingelheim: Nathan Meyer).
  • A randomized trial on 978 feedlot steers demonstrated no significant differences in primary health outcomes (retreatment, removal, mortality) across three macrolide antibiotics. This suggests similar effectiveness among the treatments for first-time BRD cases.
• Effect of intranasal minerals administration on bovine respiratory microbiome after stress (MSU: Florencia Meyer; UGA: Roberto Palomares).
  • This study was performed to determine if applying a mineral formulation (Cu, Zn and Mg) to the upper respiratory mucosa provides benefits boosting the immune function and suppressing growth of opportunistic bacteria in calves submitted to 8-hour transportation. We performed a metagenomic analysis of nasal swab samples and evaluated the evenness, richness and relative abundance of bacteria phyla, genera, and species. We are currently working on the statistical analysis of the data.
• Effect of intranasal administration of minerals (Cu, Zn & Mg) on health status, nasal microbiome, and immune response of calves challenged with Bovine herpes virus 1 (AU: Manuel Chamorro; MSU: Florencia Meyer; UGA: Roberto Palomares).
  • This study is a continuation of the previously described study (“Effect of intranasal minerals administration on bovine respiratory microbiome after stress”). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of a mineral solution (Cu, Zn & Mg) administered intranasally to calves before and after experimental infection with BHV1 on health status, bacterial growth, microbiome changes of the upper respiratory tract. We have performed a metagenomic analysis of nasal swab samples and evaluated the evenness, richness and relative abundance of bacteria phyla, genera, and species. We are currently working on the statistical analysis of the data.

Objective 4: To determine how attributes of cattle production systems including epidemiologic, societal, and economic forces contribute to BRD, and to develop ways to promote changes in those systems to reduce the occurrence of BRD and improve cattle health, welfare, productivity and antimicrobial stewardship.

• Impact of management decisions during the cow-calf, backgrounding, and feedlot phases of beef production on BRD morbidity and mortality risks (TX: Matthew Scott, Sarah Capik; KS: Brad White, Bob Larson, David Amrine; MS: Kelsey Harvey, Brandi Karisch, Amelia Woolums).
  • Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) leads to economic losses, compromises animal welfare, and reduces the sustainability of beef production. While antimicrobials remain the most reliable method for managing BRD, there is growing interest in non-antimicrobial strategies to mitigate its risk. Although risk factors for BRD are well-documented, gaps remain in understanding how specific management practices influence its occurrence. This study aims to: 1) assess the impact of administering two vaccinations during preweaning on preweaning performance as well as BRD-related morbidity and mortality during backgrounding; 2) evaluate how marketing decisions affect BRD morbidity, mortality, and performance by comparing calves sent directly to a backgrounding operation with those routed through auction markets and order buyers; and 3) investigate the relationship between management practices at the pen and yard levels and health outcomes during the feedlot phase. Additionally, we will examine the effects of preweaning and marketing practices on inflammatory mediators to determine their potential as predictors of health and performance during backgrounding.
  • Data collection for Specific Aims 1 and 2 are complete. Preliminary results demonstrate no deleterious effect of viral vaccination on performance outcomes during the cow-calf phase, numerical increase in haptoglobin concentrations between weaning and arrival to TX backgrounding (specifically in those animals having entered a commercial salebarn system), and heterogeneity of morbidity levels between all three years of this study. Statistical analysis is underway with expected reporting by spring 2025.
• Castration Technique Research Supported by Cross-Institutional Effort (KSU: Tyler Blackwood, Dale Blasi, A. J. Tarpoff; TAMU: Mike Kleinhenz).
  • Examined the performance impacts of different castration methods in feedlot cattle, with findings published in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports. This study provides evidence to improve common feedlot practices in partnership with animal health experts.

Objective 5: To promote dialogue and exchange among scientists, veterinarians, allied industry professionals and cattle producers to advance BRD research initiatives, to implement outreach, to disseminate research results, and to facilitate the translation of research findings to practical field applications.

• Organization of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium (BRDS) 2024:
  • The quinquennial symposium was held in conjunction with the Academy of Veterinary Consultants (AVC) Summer 2024 meeting. Investigators part of the organizing committee include Sharif Aly, Terry Lehenbauer, and Sarah Depenbrock (UCD), Paul Morley (TAMU), John Richeson (WTAMU), Natalia Cernicchiaro (KSU), Amelia Woolums (MSU), Grant Dewell (ISU), and Roger Saltman (Zoetis). The symposium features presentations by scientists and veterinary consultants working with BRD, with open-forum discussion between the audience and the speakers' sessions. A scientific poster session for researchers working on BRD was additionally held at the conference. Approximately 300 attendees were present at the 2024 BRDS. More information can be found at www.brdsymposium.org.
• Producer Outreach and Education and Public Engagement (KSU, SDSU, industry partners):
  • Conducted 34 cattle producer meetings across Kansas, covering Beef Quality Assurance certification, cattle health, and husbandry practices. This included direct engagement with producers to share best practices for cattle health and BRD management.
  • Published 15 articles in popular press outlets to make research findings accessible to a wider audience, promoting industry-wide improvements in cattle health and sustainable management practices.

Objective 6: To assess the economic impact of BRD across different sectors of cattle industry.

• Assessment of the economic impact of late-day pulmonary disease in feedlot cattle (KS: Brad White, Bob Larson; TX: Matthew Scott; MS: Amelia Woolums).
  • In addition to other collaborators from Colorado State University, Kansas State University, Rowan University, and several participating industry partners, this project aims to characterize the economic impact of late-day pulmonary disease in commercial feedlot operations.
  • This work is currently ongoing. Econometric models will incorporate contextual information about specific cattle groups, cost of potential interventions, expected efficacy of interventions, error frequency, type, and cost. Economic estimates will guide decision makers in determining the optimum course of action for each pen to mitigate the impacts of LDPD.

External Funding and Support

1. USDA-NIFA #2019-67015-29845
2. USDA-NIFA #2023-67015-39711
3. USDA Hatch Multistate Research Funding/MS Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Special Research Initiative
4. USDA-NIFA #2020-67016-31469

Peer-reviewed scientific publications:

1. Adkins M, Moisa S, Beever J, Lear A. Targeted Transcriptome Analysis of Beef Cattle Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Genes (Basel). 2024 Nov 22;15(12):1500. doi: 10.3390/genes15121500. PMID: 39766767; PMCID: PMC11675442
2. Blackwood, T., Spore, T., Kleinhenz, M. D., Hollenbeck, W. R., Blasi, Dale A., Tarpoff, A. J. 2024. Comparing the Performance of Cattle Castrated Using Different Techniques Upon Arrival at the Feedlot. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 10: Iss. 1. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8558
3. DeBord, Z. L., Duncan, Z. M., Pflughoeft, M. G., Suhr, K. J., Ellis, W. C., Hollenbeck, W. R.,
4. Horton, L.M., Hardee, I., Meyer, N.F., Renter, D.G. 2024. A randomized trial comparing the effects of tulathromycin, tildipirosin and gamithromycin used as first treatment for clinical bovine respiratory disease in commercial feedlot steers. Bov Pract. Jun 21;58(2):43-50. doi: 10.21423/bpj20249022 
5. Laporte, A., Tarpoff, A.J., Larson, R., Shane, D. 2023. Report: Structured landscape analysis of cow calf record keeping and data management software. NCBA BQA Research Report https://krex.k-state.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/3926d883-3f50-4b81-b9b6-64a6f66b1b42/content
6. Martínez DA, Chamorro MF, Passler T, Huber L, Falkenberg S, Walz PH, Thoresen M, Raithel G, Silvis S, Dimitrov KM, Stocker R, Woolums AR. Intranasal booster vaccination of beef steers reduces clinical signs following experimental coinfection with BRSV and BHV-1 without reducing shedding of BRD-associated bacteria. Am J Vet Res. 2024. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.23.11.0266. PMID: 38422620.
7. Montgomery, S. P., Spore, T. J., Titgemeyer, E. C., Blasi, D. A., Tarpoff, A. J. 2023. Effect of shade and limit feeding in growing beef heifers during periods of heat stress. TAS-2024-1750.
8. Perkins-Oines, S., Senevirathne, N.D., Krafsur, G.M., Abdelsalam, K., Renter, D.G., Meyer, B., Chase, C.C.L. 2024. The Detection of Vaccine Virus and Protection of a Modified Live, Intranasal, Trivalent Vaccine in Neonatal, Colostrum-Fed Calves with an Experimental Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Challenge. Pathogens. June 19;13(6):517. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13060517
9. Scott MA, Harvey KM, Karisch BB, Woolums AR, Tracy RM, Russell JR, Engel CL. Integrated blood transcriptome and multi-tissue trace mineral analyses of healthy stocker cattle fed complexed or inorganic trace mineral supplement. Animals (Basel). 2024. Jul 26;14(15):2186. doi: 10.3390/ani14152186. PMID: 39123712
10. Scott MA, Valeris-Chacin R, Thompson AC, Woolums AR, Karisch BB. Comprehensive timecourse gene expression evaluation of high-risk beef cattle to establish immunological characteristics associated with undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease. Front Immunol. 2024. Sep 13;15:1412766:doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412766. PMID: 39346910
11. Shea J Mackey, Reinaldo F Cooke, Autumn T Pickett, Bruno I Cappellozza, Kelsey M Harvey, Brandi B Karisch, Supplementing a Bacillus-based probiotic to high-risk stocker cattle, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, 2024, skae209, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae209
12. Hoyos-Jaramillo A, Palomares R.A, Bittar J.H.J, Hurley D.J., Saliki J. T, Stanley S., Gutiérrez A., Urdaneta J., Hamrick B., Miller K., Rodríguez A., Graham J. & Rizzo R. Effects of injectable trace minerals (Se, Zn, Cu, and Mn) administration on the immune response elicited by primary intranasal modified-live virus vaccination in dairy calves. Veterinary Research Communications. Doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10630-7. Accepted for publication Dec 2024.
13. Hoyos-Jaramillo, A., Palomares, R. A., Bittar, J. H. J., Hurley, D. J., Rodríguez, A., González-Altamiranda, E. A., Fenley, M. Circulating T cell subpopulations in dairy calves infected with Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 and Bovine herpes virus 1 following modified-live virus booster vaccination: Effects of the administration route and trace mineral supplementation. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 110871. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110871. Accepted for publication, Dec 2024.
14. Caceres, C. J., Gay, L. C., Faccin, F. C., Regmi, D., Palomares, R., & Perez, D. R. (2024). Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Resilience in Milk after Thermal Inactivation. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 30(11). doi:10.3201/eid3011.240772.
15. Li, Y., Palomares, R. A., Liu, M., Xu, J., Koo, C., Granberry, F., . . . Wang, Q. (2024). Isolation and Characterization of Contemporary Bovine Coronavirus Strains. Viruses, 16(6), 965. doi:10.3390/v16060965

Scientific abstract presentations in national/international conferences:

1. Capik S, Larson R, White B, Amrine D, Karisch B, Harvey K, Parish J, Woolums A, McAllister H, Gouvea V, Scott M. 2023 update on the impact of management decisions on BRD morbidity, mortality, and performance in beef calves. Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago IL. January 20-23, 2024. #P106.
2. Hardee, D.V., Renter, D.G., Bryant, L.B. Clinical outcomes of feedlot calves with antibiotic resistant and non-resistant respiratory disease bacteria. Abstract #170. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, January 20-23, 2024, Chicago, Illinois.
3. Horton, V., Hanthorn, C., Thackrah, A., Renter, D.G., Cernicchiaro, N. Fostering antimicrobial stewardship: a survey of veterinary perspectives on bovine respiratory disease risk and metaphylaxis use in U.S. feedlots. Academy of Veterinary Consultants Summer Meeting, August 9, 2024, Denver, Colorado.
4. Horton, V., Hanthorn, C., Thackrah, A., Renter, D.G., Cernicchiaro, N. Understanding bovine respiratory disease (BRD) metaphylaxis practice across U.S. feedlots: a survey of veterinary consultants’ perspectives (Poster). Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, August 7, 2024, Denver, Colorado. Student Award Winner.
5. McAllister HM, Capik SF, Ramirez BI, Harvey KM, Morley PS, Valeris-Chacin R, Karisch BB, Woolums AR, Thompson AC, Scott MA. 2024. The impact of preweaning vaccination on gene expression in cattle that remain healthy or develop BRD during the backgrounding phase. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium (BRDS) 2024. Denver, CO.
6. McAllister HM, Capik SF, Ramirez BR, Harvey KM, Morley PS, Valeris-Chacin R, Karisch BB, Woolums AR, Thompson AC, Scott MA. 2024. How does preweaning vaccination impact host gene expression in beef cattle that remain healthy or develop bovine respiratory disease later in life? 2024 Texas & Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association Convention & Exposition. Fort Worth, TX.
7. McAllister HR, Capik SF, Larson R, White B, Amrine D, Karisch BB, Harvey HM, Parish J, Woolums AR, Gouvea V, Thompson AC, Scott MA. 2025. How does vaccination and marketing impact bovine respiratory disease and inflammatory mediator production in beef calves? Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD). Chicago, IL.
8. McAllister HR, Capik SF, Ramirez BI, Harvey KM, Valeris-Chacin R, Karisch BB, Woolums AR, Scott MA. 2024. How does preweaning vaccination impact gene expression in cattle that remain healthy or develop BRD later in life? Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Columbus, OH.
9. McAllister HR, Capik SF, Woolums AR, Karisch BB, Harvey KM, Scott MA. 2024. Effect of vaccination and marketing strategies on gene expression patterns in beef cattle via time course RNA-seq. 2024 VMBS Trainee Research Symposium and Banquet. College Station, TX.
10. McAtee, T., Renter, D.G., Bryant, L.K., Booker, C.W., Hunsaker, B.D., McMullen, C.A., Fenton, R.K., Raaphorst, H.S. Treating BRD: Comparing 3 BRD treatment options in feedlot calves that received tulathromycin metaphylaxis on-arrival. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, August 7, 2024, Denver, Colorado.
11. Prosser HM, Ramirez BI, Valeris-Chacin R, Crosby WB, Morley PS, Woolums AR, Karisch BB, Scott MA. 2024. Transcriptome analysis of high-risk stocker cattle associates consistent inflammation-related pathways with BRD. 2024 VMBS Trainee Research Symposium and Banquet. College Station, TX.
12. Prosser HM, Ramirez BI, Valeris-Chacin R, Crosby WB, Woolums AR, Karisch BB, Baker EC, Scott MA. 2024. Analysis of high-risk stocker cattle transcriptome associates clinical BRD with consistent inflammation-related pathways. Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Columbus, OH.
13. Ramirez B, McAllister H, Capik S, Valeris-Chacin R, Harvey K, Karisch B, Woolums A, Morley PS, Pinnell L, Scott M. Update on the molecular epidemiological assessment of beef cattle management systems. Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago IL. January 20-23, 2024. #P166.
14. Ramirez B, McAllister H, Capik S, Valeris-Chacin R, Harvey K, Woolums A, Karisch B, Scott M. Longitudinal blood RNA-Seq analysis of cattle to determine the impact of vaccination and marketing on clinical BRD. Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago IL. January 20-23, 2024. #P131.
15. Ramirez BI, McAllister HM, Capik SF, Valeris-Chacin R, Harvey KM, Woolums AR, Karisch BB, Scott MA. 2024. Longitudinal analyses of influence on vaccination, marketing, and bovine respiratory disease outcome influences on gene expression and microbial composition in beef cattle. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium (BRDS) 2024. Denver, CO.
16. Ramirez BI, McAllister HR, Capik SF, Valeris-Chacin R, Harvey HM, Woolums AR, Karisch BB, Pinnell LJ, Morley PS, Scott MA. 2025. Multiomic investigation in beef cattle characterizes management-associated immune modulation in context of respiratory disease. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD). Chicago, IL.
17. Ramirez BI, McAllister HR, Capik SF, Valeris-Chacin R, Harvey KM, Woolums AR, Karisch BB, Scott MA. 2024. Longitudinal study on the influence of vaccination, marketing, and BRD outcomes on gene expression in beef cattle. Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Columbus, OH.
18. Renter, D.G. Cattle health in the sustainability framework. Board of Directors meeting at the 2024 Annual Conference – National Institute for Animal Agriculture, Kansas City, Missouri, April 2024.
19. Renter, D.G. Impacts of Bovine Respiratory Disease on Sustainability. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium 2024: Challenging paradigms, Denver, Colorado, August 2024.
20. Scott MA, Palomares RA, Linson MK, Altamiranda EG, Hoyos-Jaramillo A, Bittar JH, Rodriguez A, Urdaneta J, Granberry F. 2024. Network analysis of splenic gene expression of cattle co-infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 and bovine herpes virus 1 following vaccination and trace mineral administration. Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Columbus, OH.
21. Scott MA, Palomares RA, Linson MK, Altamiranda EG, Hoyos-Jaramillo A, Bittar JH, Rodriguez J, Granberry F. 2025. Gene network analysis of cattle co-infected with BVDV-2 and BHV-1 following vaccination and mineral treatment. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD). Chicago, IL.
22. L. Herrick, J.N. Kiser, V. Kelson, E. Suarez, H.L. Neibergs. 2024. Genomic regions associated with bovine respiratory disease in Holstein calves. International Plant and Animal Genome, San Diego, California.
23. L. Neibergs. 2024. Opportunities for understanding bovine disease mechanisms through genetic studies. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, Denver, CO
24. Prim JG, Chamorro MF, Meyer F, Passler T, Falkenberg S, Stockler J, Rush J, Palomares RA. Effect of administration of intranasal mineral administration on immune and clinical outcomes of dairy calves challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD). Jan 2025.
25. Cargnin Faccin F, L. Gay C, Regmi D, Rajao DS, Palomares RA, Perez DR. Experimental infection and viral pathogenesis of H5N1 in Jersey cattle. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD). Jan 2025

Non-Refereed Publications

1. Calves get their best foot forward at branding. High Plains Journal. May 2024
2. Don’t Stress: Here’s how to handle the heat. Progressive Cattlemen. June 2024
3. Handling the Heat. Angus Journal. July 2024
4. Its Fair Season: Keeping animals cool at county shows. Salina Post. June 2024
5. Kansas Ranchers Prepare Cattle for Arctic Weather. KSNT 27 News. January 2024
6. Keep ‘Em Cool” Bovine Veterinarian. July 2024
7. Kstate coach shares wisdom with livestock producers. High Plains Journal. August 2024
8. Managing Hypothermia in Newborn Calves’ Successful Farming. January 2024
9. Online tool monitors animal comfort index in extreme heat. Brownfield Ag News. July 2024
10. Reduce Summer Stress for Cattle Success. Feedlot Magazine. Pg 6. June 2024
11. Research Roundup- Heat Mitigation Strategies in Feedyards. Angus Beef Bulletin June 2024 
12. Simple changes make the difference in cooling off cattle. Drovers. June 2024
13. The meat in your freezer is not secretly dangerous, Kansas cattle experts say. KWCH News. June 2024
14. The Value of a Cull. Kansas Stockman. May/June 2024
15. Weaning Strategies for calves: insights from K-States Dr. A.J. Tarpoff. Oklahoma Farm Report. October 2024

Extension, Education, and Outreach

1. Event: Calving School, Location: St. John, KS, Attendees: 85, Date: 1/4/2024
2. Event: Calving School, Location: Holton, KS, Attendees: 124, Date: 1/11/2024
3. Event: Calving School, Location: Howard, KS, Attendees: 60, Date: 1/18/2024
4. Event: Calving School, Location: Sublette, KS, Attendees: 55, Date: 1/25/2024
5. Event: BQA, Location: Basehor, KS, Attendees: 70, Date: 2/3/2024
6. Event: KSRE Update (Vet Med Meet and Greet), Location: Manhattan, KS, Attendees: 150, Date: 2/7/2024
7. Event: BQA (OKAN Conference), Location: Coffeyville, KS, Attendees: 100, Date: 2/9/2024
8. Event: Beef Quality Audit (Dairy Days), Location: Seneca, KS, Attendees: 35, Date: 2/12/2024
9. Event: Understanding the Beef Production Chain, Location: Washington, KS, Attendees: 12, Date: 2/15/2024
10. Event: BQA, Location: LaCrosse, KS, Attendees: 80, Date: 2/20/2024
11. Event: BQA, Location: St. Francis, KS, Attendees: 30, Date: 2/22/2024
12. Event: Improving Cattle Health from a Veterinarians Perspective, Location: Fairview, IL, Attendees: 55, Date: 3/6/2024
13. Event: Improving Cattle Health from a Veterinarians Perspective, Location: Wellman, IA, Attendees: 155, Date: 3/6/2024
14. Event: Improving Cattle Health from a Veterinarians Perspective, Location: Ashton, IL, Attendees: 80, Date: 3/7/2024
15. Event: Improving Cattle Health from a Veterinarians Perspective, Location: Welton, IA, Attendees: 30, Date: 3/7/2024
16. Event: Health considerations prior to going to grass, Location: Stockton, KS, Attendees: 20, Date: 3/12/2024
17. Event: BQA, Location: Junction City, KS, Attendees: 82, Date: 3/18/2024
18. Event: Ag Career Day, Location: Randolph, KS, Attendees: 50, Date: 3/20/2024
19. Event: PAC Summit. Quality Audit, Location: Scott City, KS, Attendees: 110, Date: 4/3/2024
20. Event: Serving Up Science. Beef Production, Location: Manhattan, KS, Attendees: 80, Date: 4/10/2024
21. Event: BQA (Neosho Valley Feeders), Location: Parsons, KS, Attendees: 8, Date: 4/18/2024
22. Event: BQA, Location: Manhattan, KS, Attendees: 71, Date: 4/23/2024
23. Event: Current Issues in Animal Ag- HPAI Update, Location: Zoom, Attendees: 19, Date: 5/1/2024
24. Event: BQA, Location: Council Grove, KS, Attendees: 6, Date: 5/17/2024
25. Event: BQA, Location: Lincoln, NE, Attendees: 11, Date: 6/5/2024
26. Event: Feedlot Environment, Location: Iowa Farm Tour, Attendees: 140, Date: 6/5/2024
27. Event: HPAI Update, Location: Eureka, KS, Attendees: 20, Date: 6/22/2024
28. Event: Cattle U. BQA, Location: Manhattan, KS, Attendees: 300, Date: 6/25/2024
29. Event: Serving Up Science: Beef Production, Location: Manhattan, KS, Attendees: 65, Date: 6/26/2024
30. Event: Calving School. Translated to Spanish for Alta Technicians, Location: Ulysses, KS, Attendees: 37, Date: 6/27/2024
31. Event: Effects of current technologies on cattle management. CAB Feeding Quality Forum, Location: Dodge City, KS, Attendees: 273, Date: 8/21/2024
32. Event: BQA, Location: Montezuma, KS, Attendees: 60, Date: 8/21/2024
33. Event: BQA, Location: Oswego, KS, Attendees: 10, Date: 8/27/2024
34. Event: BQA, National Hereford Convention, Location: Kansas City, MO, Attendees: 60, Date: 10/24/2024