SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Bryant, Tim - Clemson University, Dayton, Jacob - Tufts University, Deeb, Susanne - University of Georgia, Buntin, G. David - University of Georgia, Calixto Soares, Eduardo – University of Florida, Caprio, Michael A. - Mississippi State University, Coates, Brad - USDA-ARS, DiFonzo, Chris - Michigan State University, Fisher, Kelsey - Connecticut Experiment Station, Gassmann, Aaron - Iowa State University, Guedes Pereira, Eliseu J. - University of Florida, Hamby, Kelly - University of Maryland, Huang, Fangneng - Louisiana State University, Hutchison, Bill - University of Minnesota, Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis - University of Tennessee, Krupke, Christian - Purdue University, Ludwick, Dalton - USDA-ARS, McManus, Bradley - South Dakota State University, Owens, Avalon - Harvard University, Paula-Moraes, Silvana - University of Florida, Pekarcik, Adrian - USDA-ARS, Porter, Pat - Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Reay-Jones, Francis - Clemson University, Reisig, Dominic - North Carolina State University, Ruberson, John - University of Nebraska, Santiago Gonzalez, Jose - Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Sappington, Tom - USDA-ARS, Seiter, Nicholas - University of Illinois, Smith, Jocelyn - University of Guelph - Ontario, Canada, Spencer, Joseph - Illinois Natural History Survey, Sword, Gregory - Texas A&M University, Yang, Fei - University of Minnesota

NC246-2023-Annual-Report-Savannah-23Jan2024_SVPM-DCL.pdf

Accomplishments

Selected outputs:

A draft assemblage of the western corn rootworm genome was published (see Coates et al. 2023 under Research Publications), as well as a genome assembly of a Cry1Ac-resistant strain of corn earworm (Stahlke et al. 2022)

 14 peer-reviewed journal articles were published detailing pest susceptibility to Bt toxins in the field, the inheritance of resistance, and/or the identification of resistance mechanisms for western corn rootworm, European corn borer, corn earworm, western bean cutworm, and fall armyworm (see the following under Research Publications: Dively et al. 2023; Huang et al. 2023; Kenedy et al. 2023; Kerns et al. 2023; Lin et al. 2023; Pereira et al. 2023; Reinders et al. 2023; Reisig et al. 2023; Santiago-Gonzalez et al. 2023 (a and b); Silva et al. 2023; Smith et al. 2023; Tandy et al. 2023; Wen et al. 2023).

Peer-reviewed articles were published comparing the movement behavior of western bean cutworm on Bt and non-Bt corn (see Montezano et al. 2023 under Research Publications) and the impacts of seed blend refuges on corn earworm phenological development (Pezzini et al. 2023b).

Management recommendations, actionable information on the components of corn trait packages, and estimates of losses due to invertebrate pests were published in 6 multi-state Extension publications as a result of coordination among members of this multi-state committee.

 

Multi-state Efforts

  • A sentinel plot network coordinated by Galen Dively and Kelly Hamby (University of Maryland) since 2017 now includes sites in 26 U.S. states and 5 Canadian provinces (see publications, Dively et al. 2023). During the 2023 field season, NC246 member Kelsey Fisher observed elevated injury from European corn borer in sweet corn lines expressing several Bt proteins at one of these sentinel plot sites – possibly the first time this has been observed in the U.S.
  • Erin Hodgson and Ashley Dean (Iowa State University) and Tracey Baute (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs) coordinated a multi-state corn rootworm monitoring network (see Dean et al. 2023, “Selected Extension Materials”) across 10 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces.
  • Populations of fall armyworm and corn earworm from 8 states in the southern U.S. (AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, SC, TN, TX) were sent to Fangneng Huang to investigate susceptibility to Bt proteins (FAW) and conventional insecticides (FAW and CEW).
  • A USDA-NIFA grant through the Pest and Beneficial Species program area of the AFRI Foundational Program was awarded to Dalton Ludwick with co-PIs from Texas, Nebraska, Illinois, and South Dakota to examine non-target effects EPNs applied for corn rootworm control.
  • Julie Peterson (University of Nebraska) obtained funding from the Nebraska Corn board to support a multi-state, on-farm effort funded by Corteva on the application of entomopathogenic nematodes and the adoption of cover crops for rootworm management (other NC246 members involved in this project include Gassmann – IA, Spencer – IL, Seiter – IL)
  • Francis Reay-Jones (Clemson), Dominic Reisig (NCSU) and David Buntin (U. Georgia) have combined corn earworm efficacy data for selected Bt products over a 12-year period to examine trends in field efficacy and Bt resistance in corn earworm. Analysis is still on-going but field efficacy of older Cry1 Bt toxins has clearly declined over that time.
  • A survey of growers in North and South Carolina highlighted adoption of IPM and IRM practices in field corn (see publications, Bryant et al. 2024).
  • NC246 members Aaron Gassman (Iowa State University) and Dominic Reisig (North Carolina State University) reviewed the use of Bt crops in the United States (see publications, Gassmann and Reisig 2023)
  • Christian Krupke (Purdue University) completed analysis and manuscript submission summarizing historical trends in Bt-RW corn planting and root damage. Data/contributors from NC246 include: Christina DiFonzo, Aaron J. Gassmann, Erin W. Hodgson, Bryan Jensen, Janet J. Knodel, Bradley McManus, Lance J. Meinke, Andrew Michel, Bruce Potter, Nicholas J. Seiter, Jocelyn L. Smith, Joseph L. Spencer, Kelley J. Tilmon, Robert J. Wright.
  • Juan Jurat-Fuentes (University of Tennessee) produced insecticidal proteins to facilitate research on resistance, including monitoring of field-evolved resistance. This material was distributed to NC246 members for use in their research: Dominic Reisig (North Carolina State University), Brad Coates (USDA-ARS Iowa), Julie Peterson (University of Nebraska), Jocelyn Smith (University of Guelph), Fei Yang (University of Minnesota).
  • Kelley Tilmon (Ohio State) and Chris DiFonzo (Michigan State) completed a joint multiyear project on Asiatic garden beetle biology and management in Michigan and Ohio
  • Dominic Reisig (North Carolina State) compiled data from 27 U.S. states and Ontario, Canada to estimate total invertebrate losses in corn for 2023 (see Reisig et al. 2024 under “Selected Extension Publications”).
  • Kelly Hamby and Galen Dively (University of Maryland) are working to coordinate real-time sharing of corn earworm trap captures as well as archive historical data in the Southern IPM Center’s database (EDDMaps/AgPestMonitor).

 

Impacts

  • Multi-state and international cooperation facilitated by this group continues to be instrumental in coordinating efforts to characterize and document resistance to corn hybrids with transgenic insect control traits – perhaps the most important insect control tools used by U.S. corn farmers. Committee members have documented field evolved resistance to Bt traits in western and northern corn rootworm, corn earworm, European corn borer, fall armyworm, and other insect pests. Extension efforts by committee members have translated these findings into practical management recommendations for farmers and other stakeholders.
  • Members of this committee have developed regional integrated pest management recommendations for farmers to deal with emergent corn pests such as stink bugs in the southeastern U.S., Asiatic garden beetle in the Great Lakes region of northern Ohio and southern Michigan, and slugs in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.
  • Multi-state pest monitoring efforts for corn rootworm and developing efforts for corn earworm moths provide actionable management information to U.S. corn farmers.

Impacts

Publications

Multi-state Extension Publications

Other Selected Extension Materials

  • Buntin, G. D. (2023). Insect control for field corn: Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2023, Commercial Edition, University of Georgia Special Bulletin 28: Vol 1: pp 51-59
  • Colgrove, A., A. Decker, S. Das, K. Estes, T. Ford, E. Macecha, D. Plewa, G.P. Fontes, N. Seiter, and J. Spencer. 2023 Applied Research Results Field Crop Disease and Insect Management: Evaluations of insect and disease control tactics for corn, soybean, and wheat, Statewide surveys of corn and soybean pests. Illinois Extension. 84 p. Submitted 15 December 2023. Available online: February 2024 at https://go.illinois.edu/2023PestPathogenARB.
  • Cramer, M., and Hamby, K. 2023. Optimizing early season pest management for Maryland field corn. University of Maryland Agronomy News: November 2023 14(8): 3-6.
  • Cramer, M., and Hamby, K. 2023. Wet cool spring may increase slug damage. University of Maryland Agronomy News: May 2023 14(2): 7.
  • Gassmann, A. and Brenizer, B.   2022 Iowa evaluation of insecticides and plant-incorporated protectants.  Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology.
  • Gassmann, A. and Brenizer, B.   Evaluation of experimental and registered soil-applied insecticides for management of larval corn rootworm.  Central Iowa Research and Demonstration Farm Progress Report, Iowa State University.
  • Gassmann, A. and Brenizer, B.   Evaluation of RNA interference (RNAi) and Bt traits for management of larval corn rootworm in northeastern Iowa.  Northeast Iowa Research and Demonstration Farm Progress Report, Iowa State University.
  • Gerber, C., C. Krupke, et al. 2023. Purdue University Extension. Corn and Soybean field guide, includes pest descriptions, damage, and thresholds. 13,628 copies sold in 2023.
  • Hanson, A., Macrae, I., Potter, B., Koch, R., Yang, F., 2023. Updated resource for grasshopper management. MN Crop News, https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/08/updated-resource-for-grasshopper.html
  • Hanson, A., B. Potter, K. Ostlie, B. Hutchison, A. Peltier, & R. Miller. 2023. Reducing 2023 Bt corn acreage to cut production costs? Implications for ECB. MN Crop News, https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/03/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2023.html
  • Heiniger, R., and D. Reisig. 2024. Chapter 3. Crop production management- corn. In. Organic Commodities Production Guide. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Raleigh, NC.
  • Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, M.A. Boetel and A. Chirumamilla. 2023. 2024 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide E1143 (revised). NDSU Ext., Fargo, ND.
  • Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, A. Friskop and S. Markell. 2023. IPM Basics Integrated Pest Management in North Dakota Agriculture PP863 (revised). NDSU Ext., Fargo, ND. (*Supported by USDA NIFA CCPM EIP)
  • Ni, X., Mailhot, D. J., Toews, M. D., & Buntin, G. D. (2023). Insect screening results: multiple insect resistance in 64 commercial corn hybrids, 2023.: In: D. J. Mailhot, D. Dunn, and G. Ware. D. Buntin, X. Ni, and M. Toews (eds.), Georgia 2023 Corn, Sorghum, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests. Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, Annual Publication, pp. 29-32. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Griffin, GA. 2023. (ARIS #410204). Retrieved from https://swvt.uga.edu/
  • Peterson J & R Wright. July 27, 2023. “Watch for Aphids in Corn.” Nebraska Extension CropWatch: http://cropwatch.unl.edu.
  • Peterson J, R Wright, J Bradshaw & T Hunt. July 12, 2023. “Scouting and Treatment Recommendations for Western Bean Cutworm.” Nebraska Extension CropWatch: http://cropwatch.unl.edu.
  • Peterson J, R Wright, J Bradshaw & J McMechan. June 29, 2023. “Degree-days for Prediction of Western Bean Cutworm Flight.” Nebraska Extension CropWatch: http://cropwatch.unl.edu.
  • Potter, B., Grafstrom, D., Macrae, I., Miller, R., Yang, F., 2023. Remember to scout armyworms. MN Crop News, June. https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/06/remember-to-scout-armyworms.html
  • Preza Fontes, G., A. Hager, S. Mideros, N. Seiter. Illinois Corn Management 2023. https://go.illinois.edu/cornmanagement
  • Reay-Jones, F.P.F., and T. Bryant. 2023. Identification and management strategies for cutworms as pests in field corn. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1161.
  • Reisig, D. D. and A. S. Huseth. 2023. Insect control in field corn. 2023 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, N.C. State University, Raleigh, N.C. pp. 76-79.
  • Reisig, D., and E. Goldsworthy. 2023. Efficacy of selected in-furrow insecticides against southern corn billbug in corn, 2021. Arthropod Manag. Tests. Doi: 10.1093/amt/tsad072
  • Reisig, D., and E. Goldsworthy. 2023. Efficacy of in-furrow insecticides against insect brown stink bugs in corn, 2020 & 2022. Arthropod Manag. Tests. Doi: 10.1093/amt/tsad073
  • Roth, R., Harris, G., Sintim, H., Porter, W., Mallard, J., Prostko, E., Buntin, D, Kemerait, R. & Smith, A. (2023). 2023 Georgia Corn Production Guide, 84 pages; Insect control pages 30-44. https://grains.caes.uga.edu/
  • Villanueva, R. T. ID-139: A Comprehensive Guide to Corn Management in Kentucky: Insect Pests of Field Corn (pages 74-85). 2023. 107 pp.
  • Villegas, J., T. Towles, A. Ashbrook, J.A. David, R. Diaz, B. Fitzpatrick, B. Gueltig, K. Healy, F. Huang, T. Johnson, N. Lord, T. Reagan, M. Stout, T. Smith, Q. Sun, and B. Wilson. 2023. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 1838. Pp 226
  • Yang, F., Potter, B., 2023. Northern corn rootworm and extended diapause problems increase in areas of Minnesota. MN Crop News, https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/07/northern-corn-rootworm-and-extended.html

Research Publications

Ángel-Salazar JS, Echeverri-Rubiano C, Rodríguez-Chalarca J, López-Gerena J, Dos Santos RF, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Revynthi AM, Vargas G. Development of a bioassay method to test activity of cry insecticidal proteins against Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) sugarcane stem borers. PLoS One. 2023 Oct 18;18(10):e0292992. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292992

Blanco, C. A., G. Hernandez, K. Conover, G. P. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, M. Portilla, C. A. Abel, W. P. Williams, and W. D. Hutchison. 2023. Severe defoliation of vegetative maize plants does not reduce grain yield: Further implications with action thresholds. Southwestern Entomologist. 48:791-803

Bryant, T., J. K. Greene, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2023. Within-field spatial patterns of Euschistus servus and Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in field corn. Environmental Entomology. 52: 709-721

Bryant, T., J. K. Greene, D. Reisig, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2023. Within-field spatial patterns of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and spatial associations with stink bugs and their injury in field corn. Journal of Economic Entomology. 116: 1649-1661.

Bryant, T., J. K. Greene, D. Reisig, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2024. Grower perceptions and adoption of IPM and non-Bt refuge in field corn: a survey in North and South Carolina. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 15(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad030

Coates, B. S., K. O. Walden, D. Lata, N. N. Vellichirammal, R. F. Mitchell, M. N. Anderson, R. McKay, M. D. Lorenzen, N. Grubs, Y. Wang, J. Han, J. L. Xuan, P. Willadsen, H. Wang, B. W.  French, R. Bansal, S. Sedky, D. Souza, D. Bunn, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, B. D. Siegfried, T. W. Sappington, H. M. Robertson, 2023. A draft Diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome: insights into control and host plant adaptation by a major maize pest insect. BMC Genomics (2023) 24:19.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08990-y

Dang TM, AM Velez, A Valencia-Jimenez, JD Reinders, EE Stricklin, MW Carroll, CD Pilcher, JT Krumm, GP Head, L J Meinke.  2023. Characterization of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility to foliar insecticides in northeastern Nebraska.  J. Econ. Entomol.  https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad067

Dillard, D., D. D. Reisig, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2023. Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in-season and overwintering pupation response to soil type. Environmental Entomology. 52: 67-73

Dillard, D., D. Reisig, H. Schug, and H. Burrack. 2023. Moisture and soil type are primary drivers of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupation. Environ. Entomol. 52: 847-852. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvad074

Dively GP, TP Kuhar, SV Taylor, H Doughty, K Holmstrom, DO Gilrein, BA Nault, J Ingerson-Mahar, A Huseth, D Reisig, S Fleischer, D Owens, K Tilmon, F Reay-Jones, P Porter, J Smith, J Saguez, J Wells, C Congdon, H Byker, B Jensen, C DiFonzo, WD Hutchison, E Burkness, R Wright, M Crossley, H Darby, T Bilbo, N Seiter, C Krupke, C Abel, BS Coates, B McManus, B Fuller, J Bradshaw, JA Peterson, D Buntin, S Paula-Moraes, K Kesheimer, W Crow, J Gore, F Huang, DC Ludwick, A Raudenbush, S Jimenez, Y Carriére, T Elkner & K Hamby. 2023. Extended sentinel monitoring of Helicoverpa zea resistance to Cry and Vip3Aa toxins in Bt sweet corn: Assessing changes in phenotypic and allele frequencies of resistance. Insects, 14(7): 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070577

Gassmann, A. J.  2023.  Fitness costs of resistance and their potential application for insect resistance management.  pp. 465 - 492 In Onstad, D. W. and Knolhoff, L. M. (eds.).  Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics and Predictions.  3rd edition.  Elsevier, London

Gassmann, A. J. and Reisig, D. D.  2023.  Management of insect pests with Bt crops in the United States.  Annual Review of Entomology 68:31-49

Haber, A. I., Bekelja, K., Huseth, A. S., Buntin, G. D., Musser, F., Ramirez Bonilla, J. P., . . . Weber, D. C. (2023). Spotted cucumber beetle/southern corn rootworm: profile of a polyphagous native pest. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 14(1). doi:10.1093/jipm/pmad016

Hodgson, E., A. Dean, A. Huseth, & W.D. Hutchison. 2023. Advances and challenges in monitoring insect pests of major field crops in the United States, 43pp. In: M. Fountain & T. Pope (Eds.). Advances in monitoring of native and invasive insect pests of crops, Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, Cambridge, UK (ISBN: 978 1 80146 107 8; www.bdspublishing.com).

Huang, F., Y. Niu, T. Silva, S. Brown, T. Towles, D. Kerns, J.L. Jurat-Fuentes, G.P. Head, M. Carroll, W. Walker, and S. Lin. 2023. An extended investigation of unexpected Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) survival and ear injury on a transgenic maize hybrid expressing Cry1A/Cry2A/Vip3A toxins. Toxins.15, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070474

Kaçar, G., A.M. Butrón Gomez, D. Kontogiannatos, P. Han; M. Fernanda, G.V. Peñaflor; P. Gema Farinós, Fangneng Huang, W.D. Hutchison, B.H.S. Souza, R.A. Malvar, A. Kourti, R. Ramirez-Romero, J.L. Smith, A.S. Koca, M. Pineda & Khalid Haddi. 2023. Recent trends in management strategies for two major maize borers: Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Pest Science. (Invited Review). 96: 879–901. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10340-023-01595-8

Kar, S., K. Nagasubramanian, D. Elango, M. E. Carroll, C. A. Abel, A. Nair, D. S. Mueller, M. E. O’Neal, A. K. Singh, S. Sarkar, B. Ganapathysubramanian, and A. Singh. 2023. Self-supervised learning improves classification of agriculturally important insect pests in plants. The Plant Phenome Journal. 2023;6:e20079 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppj2.20079.

Kaur, H., C. DiFonzo, M. Chilvers, K. Cassida, and M. Singh.  2023. Hybrid insect protection and fungicide application for managing ear rots and mycotoxins in silage corn.  Agronomy Journal. http://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21342

Kenis, M, G. Benelli A. Biondi, P.A. Calatayud, R. Day, N. Desneux, R.D. Harrison, D. Kriticos D, I. Rwomushana, J. van den Berg, F. Verheggen, Y.J. Zhang, L.K. Agboyi, R.B. Ahissou, M.N. Ba, J. Bernal, A. de Freitas Bueno, Y. Carrière, G.A. Carvalho, X.X. Chen, L. Cicero, H. du Plessis, R. Early, P. Fallet, K.K.M. Fiaboe, D.M. Firake, G. Goergen, A.T. Groot, R.N.G. Guedes, A. Gupta, G. Hu, F. Huang, L.R. Jaber, E.A. Malo, C.B. McCarthy, R.L. Meagher Jr., S. Mohamed, D. Mota Sanchez, R.N. Nagoshi, N. Nègre, S. Niassy, N. Ota, C. Nyamukondiwa, C. Omoto, S. Reddy Palli, E. Pavela, R. Ramirez-Romero, J.C. Rojas, S. Subramanian, B.E. Tabashnik, W.T. Tay, E.G. Virla, S. Wang, T. Williams, L.S. Zang, L. Zhang, and K. Wu. 2023. Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Entomol. Gen. 43:187 – 241

Kennedy, H., Kerns, D.L., Head, G.P. and Yang, F., 2023. Cross‐resistance and redundant killing of Vip3Aa resistant populations of Helicoverpa zea on purified Bt proteins and pyramided Bt crops. Pest Manag. Sci. 79(12): 5173-5179

Kerns DD, Yang F, Kerns DL, Stewart SD, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Reduced toxin binding associated with resistance to Vip3Aa in the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea). Appl Environ Microbiol. 2023 Nov 28:e0164423. doi: 10.1128/aem.01644-23. Epub ahead of print

Lawton, D. et al. 2022. Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient. PNAS 119 (37) e2203230119

Li, N., Bullock, D., Butts-Wilmsmeyer, C, Gentry, L., Goodwin, G., Han, J., Kleczweski, N, Martin, N., Paulausky, P., Pistorius, P, Seiter, N., Schroeder, N., Margenot, A.J. 2023. Distinct soil health indicators are associated with on-farm variation in maize yield and tile drain nitrate losses. Soil Science Society of America Journal 87: 1332-1347

Lin, S., G. Head, P. Price, Y. Niu, and F. Huang. 2023. Relative fitness of susceptible and Cry1A.105/Cry2A2b2-single/dual-gene resistant Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on non-Bt diet and a diet containing a low concentration of two Bt proteins. Insect Science (2023) 30, 398–410. DOI:10.1111/1744-7917.13087.

Mendesil, E., T. Tefera, C.A. Blanco, S.V. Paula-Moraes, F. Huang, D.M. Viteri, and W.D. Hutchison. 2023. The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Africa and Asia: Responding to the food security challenge, with priorities for integrated pest management research. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 130:1175–1206 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-023-00777-x.

Montezano DG, TE Hunt, PM Colombo da Luz, K Karnik, SD Kachman, AM Vélez & JA Peterson. 2023. Movement of Striacosta albicosta (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on transgenic Bt and non-Bt maize. Insects, 14(6): 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14060524.

Mueller, D., A. Sisson, B. Eide, T. W. Allen, C. A. Bradley, T. R. Faske, A. Friskop, K. Lawrence, F. Musser, D. Reisig, A. Tenuta, and K. A. Wise. 2023. Field crop yield loss calculator for disease and invertebrate pests: an online tool from the Crop Protection Network. PhytoFrontiers. doi: 10.1094/PHYTOFR-08-23-0109-A

Nagoshi R, T Ashley, Y Carriere, J Bradshaw, K Harrington, G Sword & R Meagher. 2023. Using genetic comparisons of populations from Arizona, Mexico, and Texas to investigate fall armyworm migration in the American southwest. Plos One 18(11): e0289060. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289060

Onstad, D. W. and Gassmann, A. J.  2023.  Concepts and complexities of population genetics.  pp. 95 - 134 In Onstad, D. W. and Knolhoff, L. M. (eds.).  Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics and Predictions.  3rd edition.  Elsevier, London

Pereira AE, MP Huynh, KJ Paddock, RW Geisert, VC Torrez, JJ Knodel, DJ Moellenbeck, JD Reinders, LJ. Meinke, SK Schneider, TA Coudron, KS Shelby, BE Hibbard. 2023.  Susceptibility of northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence) populations to Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 proteins in seedling and diet overlay toxicity assays.  J Econ Entomol. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad221

Pezzini, D. J. Delborne, and D. Reisig. 2023a. How can policy makers and researchers develop effective Insect Resistance Management guidelines? A quantitative and qualitative study of Brazilian farmers’ perspectives and attitudes. Plants, People, Planet. 5: 722-735. doi: 10.1002/ppp3.10352

Pezzini, D. T., D. Reisig, D. Buntin, A. I. Pozo-Valdivia, F. Gould, S. Paula-Moraes, F. Reay-Jones. 2023b. Impact of seed blend and structured maize refuge on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) potential phenological resistance development parameters in pupae and adults. Pest Mgt. Sci. 79: 3493-3503. doi: 10.1002/ps.7529

Prabu S, Jing D, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Wang Z, He K. Hemocyte response to treatment of susceptible and resistant Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) larvae with Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 17;13:1022445

Quan, Y., C. E. Mason, K. He, Z. Wang, and H. Wei. 2022. Impact of heat waves on egg survival and biological performance across life stages in the Asian corn borer. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 171: 129-137

Reinders JD, WJ Moar, GP Head, S Hassan, LJ Meinke.  2023. Effects of SmartStax® and SmartStax® PRO maize on western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) larval feeding injury and adult life history parameters. PLoS ONE 18(7): e0288372. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288372

Reisig, D., G. D. Buntin, J. K. Greene, S. V. Paula-Moraes, F. Reay-Jones, P. Roberts, R. Smith, and S. V. Taylor. 2023. Magnitude and extent of Helicoverpa zea resistance levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the southeastern USA. Insects. 14. 262. doi: 10.3390/insects14030262

Resende, E.S.g, Beuzelin, J.M., Dunkley, V.E., Paula-Moraes, S.V, Seal, D.R., Nuessly, G.S. 2023. Exploring lethal and sublethal effects of conventional insecticides and insect growth regulators on a picture-winged fly (Diptera: Ulidiidae) pest of sweet corn. Crop Protection, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2023.106304

Santiago-González, J.C., Kerns, D.L. and Yang, F., 2023a. Resistance Allele Frequency of Helicoverpa zea to Vip3Aa Bacillus thuringiensis Protein in the Southeastern US. Insects. 14(2): 161

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