Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

NC140 Minutes 2-3 November 2022 – Executive Summary

NC140 member states (14 total) and persons (23 total) in attendance: AL (4), CA, IA (2), ID, KY, MA, MI, NJ, NM, NY (4), SC, UT, WA (3), WV

• Welcome, introductions, agenda review: Dr. Elena Coneva hosted the meeting at Auburn University and began with several administrators welcoming to the group. The agenda and the 2021 minutes were reviewed and approved with minor revision to the minutes. Introductions were made by all in attendance, including new members, visitors, and staff. The 2023 meeting will be held in Michigan, tentatively during the week of 6-10 November. The 2024 meeting will be held in New Mexico. Vermont and Georgia are possible future locations. An update of the NC-140 website also was provided, with discussion of archiving of public photos and trial data.
• Administrative Update: Carolyn Dill-Lawrence provided a brief administrative update. The project has been revised and renewed for a new 5-year period.
• Multistate trial updates: Trial coordinators provided updates on 5 current multistate trials as well as 2 trials being planned; there were no reports on 4 current trials and 3-4 future trials due to trial coordinator absences. There was discussion on the need for greater detail on trial site soils and climate due to influence on root growth, and on reporting and archiving of weather data for each trial site for potential later analysis.
• State reports: Each committee member provided an update on multistate trials and related research projects.

NC140 Minutes 2-3 November 2022  – Details

The meeting was called to order at 8:30 am by Dr. Elena Coneva, with welcoming statements by Auburn University administrators (College of Agriculture Associate Dean Arthur Appel and Horticulture Head Desmond Layne), followed by NC140 Administrative Advisor, Carolyn Lawrence-Dill.

Administrative business followed:

• The agenda and 2021 meeting minutes were approved (moved by E. Fallahi, seconded by J. Clements, with one revision, that the 2015 apple trial is no longer led by Wes Autio)
•  Guests were welcomed and new members were approved (Astrid Volder, UC-Davis; Jason Londo, NY; Suzanne Slack, IA)
•  Future meeting sites were discussed:
  • 2023: Michigan (Greg Lang and Todd Einhorn) will host and meet in conjunction with the SCRI Armillaria project annual meeting, tentatively the week of 6-10 November
  • 2024: New Mexico (host: Shengrui Yao), Georgia (host Dario Chavez), and Vermont (host: Terence Bradshaw) were nominated; results of a “straw poll” vote were:
  • 2024 – NM, 2025 – VT, 2026 - GA
• Dr. Lawrence-Dill provided an administrative report, noting “people feel they belong when they understand how things work and what the rules are.”
• Jon Clements provided the website report on behalf of co-website manager Win Cowgill. Brent Black requested that public slides on trials be archived on the website for group use. Lee Kalcsits noted that we need to address where is the NC140 project data if archived.

Trial Reports were provided as follows:

• 2010 sweet cherry – Greg Lang - the final paper is to be written this winter
• 2013 pear – Todd Einhorn - Rachel Elkins has completed and will be sending shortly
• 2014 Fuji, Honeycrisp apple – John Cline - no report
• 2015 Organic Apple rootstock trial – Terry Bradshaw – no report
• 2017 Peach Rootstock trial – Ioannis Minas - data being analyzed, needs some 2020/21 data (Jan 15, 2023 deadline or sooner), plans for 2023 spring JAPS paper with 6 years of data
• 2017 Tart Cherry rootstock trial – Greg Lang, data sets being analyzed for 5-year paper
• 2017 Sweet cherry systems X rootstock trial – G Lang, data sets being analyzed for 5-year paper
• 2019 Buckeye Gala Apple rootstock trial - Todd Einhorn - no report  
• 2022 Pear and Quince rootstock trial – Todd Einhorn – no report
• Discussion on responsibilities for accepting peach (and other) new trials, funding sources, labor and timeliness commitments (cooperators shouldn’t accept if they can’t keep up)
• Soon Li Teh – Noted that Phase 1 pear breeding selections are being tested in WA with Anjou, but still a few years away for considering any coordinated regional trials

Future Trials were discussed:

• 2022 Cider Apple rootstock trial - Greg Peck – no update
• 2023 Peach rootstock/training system – Ioannis Minas – 7 rootstocks, trees from SierraGold: 4 training systems: SSA, Bi-Axe U and V, Quad-Axe; 1 leader trees with Rootpac20, MP-29; 2 leader trees with Controller 6 and 8; 4 leader trees with Guardian and Krymsk 86; spacing will be proportional to leader number at 3 ft/leader; need to plan for target crop load per leader (not per TCSA or LCSA at maturity)
• future peach trial scions were discussed: Cresthaven (higher chill, cold hardy, “buttons” in warm locations) vs JulyPrince (lower chill, adequate cold hardiness)?
• 2024 Apricot rootstock trial – Kathryn Carter/OMAFRA/Greg Lang – no report
• 2024 Cherry rootstock trial – Kelsey Galimba/OSU (sweet cherry)  and Brent Black/USU (tart cherry) – interest expressed by Kalcsits for WA, Volder for CA, Hao for BC
• Gennaro noted 3 new apple rootstock releases: G.66 (CG.6006, M26 size), G.484 (CG.4004, M26 size), G.257 (CG.5257, between M26 and M7 size)
• discussion of potential future physiology-focused apple rootstock trials (e.g., water use, productivity) – would be very regional in objectives due to climatic characterizations
• Astrid Volder noted roots are very influenced by local climate and soils, so that needs to be taken that into account; potential for a new coordinated trial that would be excavated (e.g., by air spade and Bobcat) every year to examine season-by-season root development
• discussion of dwarfing mechanisms that may vary by species – root hydraulic conductivity, graft union transport, earlier terminal budset, GA metabolism, shift in CHO partitioning to reproductive growth
• Jason Londo noted that weather data should be reported and archived for each trial and site for potential later analysis – he will work on a template or protocol

State reports were presented. 

The meeting concluded at 11:30 am on 3 November, with expressions of appreciation to hosts Elena Coneva, her team, and Des O’Rourke, followed by a group lunch and an afternoon of orchard tours.

Accomplishments: 

Three new apple rootstocks were released from the USDA/Cornell breeding program.  CG5257 was named G.257, CG6006 was named G.606, and CG4004 was named G.484. They are all semi-dwarf rootstocks.  G.257 is especially well-suited to weak-growing cultivars like ‘Snapdragon’.  G.606 is well-suited to multi-axis trees.  G.484 is well-suited to growing conditions in Idaho.

Multiple rootstock evaluation trials for apple, peach, cherry, and pear continue to be coordinated across North America, generating data and observations on performance under a wide variety of climates and soil types to better inform growers interested in adopting next generation rootstocks to improve or solve local production issues.  

Short-term Outcomes: 

• After 5 years the tart cherry and sweet cherry rootstock trials have revealed several rootstock genotypes (Cass, Clare, Lake) with an undesirable propensity for suckering with both sweet and tart cherries in certain soils, and one genotype (MxM14) with significantly lower cropping precocity with sweet cherry.
• First year laboratory freezing studies to begin characterizing cold hardiness examined 21 apple rootstock genotypes, primarily the Geneva rootstock series, but some industry standards like B.9 and M.9. Some genotypes elicit enhanced acclimation or reduced deacclimation, with clear differences in the timing of maximal cold hardiness as well as the loss of cold hardiness at the end of winter.  In general, the most cold hardy rootstocks were G.210, G.890, G.935, G.2034, G.814, G.87, G.257, G.213, G.202, G.214, G.41 while the most sensitive were M.9, G.11, CG.4004, CG.6589, CG.8189, B.9, G.222.
• First year laboratory freezing studies to begin characterizing cold hardiness examined 4 scion genotypes. Comparing field deacclimation response shows that scion genotypes tend to have greater deacclimation resistance than rootstocks. This suggests a potential for desynchronization between rootstock and scion for deacclimation and growth resumption. Field observations of differences in senescence between rootstocks and scions also point to differences in dormancy induction in early winter that could result in winter physiology differences.
• Cold hardiness analysis of ‘Red Haven’ peach bud samples on six peach rootstocks (Atlas, Bright’s Hybrid-5, Guardian®, Krymsk®86, Lovell, ControllerTM5 and Krymsk®1) at seven time points the fall/winter season revealed that Prunus hybrid rootstocks acclimate later in fall compared to peach seedling rootstocks (i.e., Guardian® and Lovell). However, among the Prunus hybrids, Krymsk®86 exhibited maximum mid-winter hardiness and delayed deacclimation in late winter. These studies are on-going.
• The apple rootstocks G.969, B.9, and M9T337 continues to demonstrate low bitter pit incidence with ‘Honeycrisp’ compared to other rootstocks. G.41, G.814, G.890, and G.5257 all continue to have higher than normal bitter pit incidence.

Outputs & Activities:

NC-140 trials on research farms and on commercial farms are valuable outreach tools because researchers can identify novel advantages as well as potential problems of new rootstocks that should be addressed with additional research before widespread adoption. These trials also provide growers opportunities to observe tree responses to new rootstocks firsthand. Results from NC-140 trials are used to develop rootstock recommendations for specific fruit varieties and growing location variables (e.g., soils, climate), as well as tree training and pruning recommendations for North American tree fruit production regions. The NC-140 cooperators are the primary source of information on rootstocks and training systems for deciduous tree fruit growers and associated industries in North American. Workshops for tree fruit growers were held by most cooperators in 2022 following the lifting of COVID social distancing regulations, addressing aspects of rootstock-influenced production such as cold hardiness, pruning and training, and orchard planting or replanting.  

In 2022, NC-140 cooperators disseminated results related to the project by publishing at least 39 refereed journal papers, 26 extension fact sheets and newsletters, 12 popular industry articles, and made at least 25 presentations to peer scientists at conference as well as more than 30 outreach presentations to stakeholders.

Milestones:

• Three new apple rootstocks were released from the USDA/Cornell breeding program.  CG5257 was named G.257, CG6006 was named G.606, and CG4004 was named G.484. They are all semi-dwarf rootstocks.  G.257 is especially well-suited to weak-growing cultivars like ‘Snapdragon’.  G.606 is well-suited to multi-axis trees.  G.484 is well-suited to growing conditions in Idaho.
• Approximately 2000 Pyrus seedlings have been created from various segregating populations for phenotyping as potential rootstocks. 380 seedlings from two populations were genotyped and improved genetic maps were constructed for genetic analysis of vigor-related traits. 600 seedlings were phenotyped for canopy architecture with remote sensing tools (LIDAR and RGB). 20 diverse breeding parents were screened for fire blight susceptibility 
• NC140-associated research is elucidating the effects of rootstock on fruit tree water relations, leaf function, and how these relate to tree vigor, nutrient uptake, and nutrient distribution to developing fruit. Rootstock effects on canopy growth and function were shown to be inherent to the rootstock genotype, independent of whether or not it is grafted to a scion.
• The initial five-year results of the organic apple rootstock trial were accepted for publication “Performance of ‘Modi®’ apple trees on several Geneva rootstocks managed organically: Five-year results from the 2015 NC-140 Organic Apple Rootstock Trial” (in press, Journal of the American Pomological Society).
• The initial five-year results of the vigor-limiting peach rootstock trial were published “Establishment performance of the 2017 NC-140 vigor-limiting peach rootstock trial across ten sites in North America” (Acta Horticulturae).
• The initial ten-year results of the sweet cherry rootstocks x training systems trial were published “Ten-year conclusions from the NC-140 sweet cherry canopy architecture-rootstock trials in North America” ((Acta Horticulturae).

Publications:

Books and Book Chapters

• none

Refereed Journal Articles

• Anthony, B.M., Chaparro, J.M., Sterle, D.G., Prenni, J.E. and Minas, I.S.* 2021. Metabolic signatures of the true physiological impact of canopy light environment on peach fruit quality. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 191, p.104630.
• Anthony, B.M. and Minas, I.S.* 2021. Optimizing Peach Tree Canopy Architecture for Efficient Light Use, Increased Productivity and Improved Fruit Quality. Agronomy, 11(10), p.1961.
• Anthony, B.M., Minas, I.S.* 2022. Redefining the impact of preharvest factors on peach fruit quality development and metabolism: A review. Scientia Horticulturae 297, 110919.
• Anthony B., Musacchi S., 2021. Dwarfing mechanisms and rootstock-scion relationships in apple. Italus Hortus Vol. 28 (2021), Pages 22-36. DOI: 10.26353/j.itahort/2021.2.2236.
• Anthony, B.M., Sterle, D.G., Chaparro, J.M., Prenni, J.E. and Minas, I.S.* 2022. Controlling for maturity reveals the direct impact of canopy position on internal fruit quality in peach. Acta Horticulturae 1346, 799-806.
• Anthony, B.M., Sterle, D.G., Minas, I.S.*, 2023. Robust non-destructive individual cultivar models allow for accurate peach fruit quality and maturity assessment following customization in phenotypically similar cultivars. Postharvest Biology and Technology 195, 112148.
• Biasuz EC, Kalcsits LA. 2022. Apple rootstocks affect functional leaf traits with consequential effects on carbon isotope composition and vegetative vigour. AoB Plants. Aug;14(4).
• Bradshaw, T., W. Autio, S. Blatt, J. Clements, T. Einhorn, R. Elkins, E. Fallahi, P. Francscatto, J. Lordan, I. Minas, G. Peck, T. Robinson, and S. Yao. 2023. Performance of ‘Modi®’ apple trees on several Geneva rootstocks managed organically: Five-year results from the 2015 NC-140 Organic Apple Rootstock Trial (in press, Journal of the American Pomological Society, January 2023).
• Carra, B., Francescatto, P., Kovaleski, A.P., Sander, G.F., Pasa, M.S., Racsko, J. and Robinson, T.L. 2022. Early flower bud development and plant growth regulators to improve return bloom of pears. Acta Hortic. 1342, 351-358 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1342.50 
• Cline J. A., W. Autio, J. Clements, W. Cowgill, R. Crassweller, T. Einhorn, E. Fallahi, P. Francescatto, E. Hoover, G. Lang, J. Lordan, R. Moran, M. Muehlbauer, S. Musacchi, M. Stasiak, R. Parra Quezada, T. Robinson, S. Serra, S. Sherif, R. Wiepz, J. Zandstra (2021). Early Performance of 'Honeycrisp' Apple Trees on Several Size-Controlling Rootstocks in the 2014 NC-140 Rootstock Trial. Journal of the American Pomological Society 75: (4).
• Demirsoy, H., L. Demirsoy, and G.A. Lang. 2022. Research on spring frost damage in cherries. Horticultural Science (Prague). https://doi.org/10.17221/91/2021-HORTSCI
• Fazio, G. and T.L. Robinson. 2022. Time analysis of rootstock mediated nutrient transport in Honeycrisp. Acta Hortic.1333, 405-412
• Fazio, G., Aldwinckle, H.S. and Robinson, T.L. 2022. Selection of apple rootstock breeding families for Phytophthora crown rot resistance. Acta Hortic. 1346, 717-722 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.90
• Fazio, G. and Robinson, T.L. 2022. Apple rootstocks can modulate the chilling requirements of grafted scions. Acta Hortic. 1346, 723-728 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.91
• Francescatto, P., Carra, B., Fontanella Sander, G. and Robinson, T.L. 2022. Ethylene evolution of flowers of different apple cultivars varies in timing and intensity. Acta Hortic. 1342, 23-30 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1342.4
• Gonzalez, L., Francescatto, P., Lordan, J. and Robinson, T.L. (2022). Rate and timing of metamitron affect thinning efficacy of ‘Gala’ apple trees under American northeast conditions. Acta Hortic. 1344, 55-64 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1344.9 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1344.9
• Islam, M., Liu, J., Das, P., Singh, A., & Sherif, S. (2022). Rootstock effects on bitter pit incidence in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples are associated with changes in fruit’s cell wall chemical properties. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13.
• Kalcsits, L., Valverdi, N. and Reid, M. (2022). Timing of water limitations affect source to sink differences in δ13 C composition in apple. Acta Hortic. 1335, 437-444 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1335.54.
• Kim, J., J.C. Melgar, K. Adhikari, and D.J. Chavez. 2022. Comparing Bagged Organic Peach to Regular Organic Peach in the Southeastern United States through Consumer Responses. HortScience (accepted).
• Knapp-Wilson, J., R. Bohn-Reckziegel, A. Bucksch, and D.J. Chavez. 2021. 3D phenotyping of peach tree canopy architecture using terrestrial laser scanning. J. Earth and Space Science Open Archive. https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10508842.1
• Lang, G.A. 2022. Cherry orchard planting systems and rootstocks in the age of precision and technology. Italus Hortus 29:38-54. doi: 10.26353/j.itahort/2022.1.C3
• Lang, G.A., Blatt, S., Neilsen, D., Robinson, T.L. and Xu, H. 2022. Ten-year conclusions from the NC-140 sweet cherry canopy architecture-rootstock trials in North America. Acta Hortic. 1346, 661-668 DOI: 10.17660/ Acta Hortic. 2022. 1346.83 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.83
• Manganaris, G.A., Minas, I.S., Cirilli, M., Torres, R., Bassi, D., Costa, G. 2022. Peach for the future: A specialty crop revisited. Scientia Horticulturae 305, 111390.
• Miller, S.T., Sterle, D., Minas, I.S. and Stewart, J.E. 2021. Exploring fungicides and sealants for management of Cytospora plurivora infections in western Colorado peach production systems. Crop Protection, 146, p.105654.
• Minas, I.S.*, Anthony, B.M., Pieper, J., Sterle, D.G. 2023. Large-scale and accurate nondestructive visual to near infrared spectroscopy-based assessment of the effect of rootstock on peach fruit internal quality. European Journal of Agronomy, in press. 
• Minas, I.S.*, Blanco-Cipollone, F., Sterle, D. 2021. Non-destructive assessment of the effect of crop load and canopy position on peach fruit internal quality and harvest maturity using visible and near infrared spectroscopy. Food Chemistry Food Chemistry 335, 127626. 
• Minas, I.S., Reighard, G.L., Black, B., Cline, J.A., Chavez, D.J., Coneva, E., Lang, G.A., Parker, M., Robinson, T.L., Schupp, J., Francescato, P., Lordan, J., Beckman, T., Shane, W.W., Pieper, J.R., Sterle, D.G., Bakker, C., Clark, B., Ouellette, D., Swain, A. and Winzeler, H.E. 2022). Establishment performance of the 2017 NC-140 vigor-limiting peach rootstock trial across ten sites in North America. Acta Hortic. 1346, 669-676  https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.84
• Musacchi S., Iglesias I. and Neri D. (2021). Training Systems and Sustainable Orchard Management for European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the Mediterranean Area: A Review. Agronomy 11(9):1765 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11091765. LicenseCC BY 4.0.
• Pathania, S., R.A. Itle, C.R. Chávez, L.F. Lema, V. Caballero-Serrano, J.C. Carrasco, D.J. Chavez. 2022. Fruit Characterization of Prunus serotina subsp. capuli. Horticulturae 8(9):838. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8090838.
• Pieper, J.R., Anthony, B.M., Sterle, D.G., Minas, I.S.* 2022. Rootstock vigor and fruit position in the canopy influence peach internal quality. Acta Horticulturae 1346, 807-812.
• Robinson T. and G. Fazio. 2022. Rootstock affects fruit nutrient profile and bitter pit incidence of apple. Acta Hortic. 1333, 373-378
• Robinson, T.L., Lordan, J. and Francescatto, P. 2022. Irrigation of apples in a humid climate in wet and dry years. Acta Hortic. 1335, 477-482 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1335.59
• Robinson, T.L. 2022. The physiological basis of orchard system performance with respect to light interception and light conversion efficiency. Acta Hortic. 1346, 207-218 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.27
• Robinson, T.L. and Fazio, G. 2022. Rootstock evaluation should not only measure yield efficiency but also potential yield and crop value at the optimum projected spacing. Acta Hortic. 1346, 775-782 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.99
• Sterle, D.G., Minas, I.S.* 2022. Peach floral bud cold hardiness of eleven cultivars in western Colorado. Acta Horticulturae 1346, 169-174.
• Tanner, J.D., Chen, K.Y., Jenderek, M.M., Wallner, S.J. and Minas, I.S.* 2021. Determining the effect of pretreatments on freeze resistance and survival of cryopreserved temperate fruit tree dormant buds. Cryobiology 101, 87-94.
• Reighard, G.L. (2022). Thirty-three years evaluating rootstocks for peach in the NC-140: what have we learned. Acta Hortic. 1346, 655-660 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.82 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.82
• Wong, C., C. Oliveira-Hofman, B.R. Blaauw, D. Chavez, G. Jagdale, R.F. Mizell, III, D. Shapiro-Ilan. Using the Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, to Control Peachtree Borer (Synanthedon exitiosa): Optimization of Application Rates and Secondary Benefits in Control of Root-Feeding Weevils. Agronomy 2022, 12, 2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112689
• Xu, H., S. Blatt, and D. Ediger. 2022. Tools for climate resilience in tree fruit I: Large-dwarfing
• rootstocks can alleviate sunburn damage in ‘Buckeye Gala’ apple. Canadian Journal of Plant Science.  https://doi.org/10.1139/CJPS-2022-0080

Thesis

• Johnson, Sam. 2022. Opportunities for optimal apple production management in arid conditions. M.S. Thesis. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8456, DOI: 10.26076/22a9-cff6

Poster Presentations

• Coneva, E. 2022. Assessment of MP-29 rootstock for potted peach production. SR ASHS annual conference, New Orleans, LA.
• Coneva, E. 2022. Size-Controlling apple rootstocks for high density production in Alabama. SR ASHS annual conference, New Orleans, LA
• Coneva, E. 2022. Assessment of Armillaria root rot resistant rootstock ‘MP-29’ for sustainable peach production in Alabama. ISHS Peach Symposium, Naoussa, Greece. 
• Coneva, E. 2022. Effect of size-controlling ‘MP-29’ rootstock on ‘JulyPrince’ and ‘Bounty’ peaches. ASHS annual conference, Chicago, IL.
• Farcuh, M., Rana, T.†. Impact of preharvest plant growth regulators and reflective groundcovers on ‘Honeycrisp’ skin coloration and fruit maturity. In 31st International Horticultural Congress (IHC2022), Symposium S16: International Symposium on Innovative Perennial Crop Management, Angers, France, Aug 14 – 20, 2022.
• Farcuh, M., Weber, D. Maturity at harvest and its effects on fruit quality of ‘Gala’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple cultivars grown in the Mid-Atlantic during the 2021 season. Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, Hershey, PA, USA, Jan 31 – Feb 3, 2022.
• Soon Li Teh & Kate Evans. Streamlined SNP analysis method to sort breeding families resulting from pollen contamination. American Society for Horticultural Sciences Annual Meeting. July 30-August 3, 2022.

Technical Reports/Commercial Industry Reports

• None.

Extension Fact Sheet Publications

• Agnello, A.M., B. Brown, J. Carroll, L. Cheng, K. Cox, P.D. Curtis, A. Dunn, M. Helms and T. Robinson. 2022. Pest management guidelines for commercial tree-fruit production 2021, p. 306. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
• Ahmed, Z. ‡, Farcuh, M.* Sep 2022. Spots on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: what are they and how to differentiate them? University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 13(6): 1-2. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/spots-honeycrisp-apples-what-are-they-and-how-differentiate-them
• Basu, P. ‡, Farcuh, M.* Apr 2022. Using plant growth regulators to improve apple return bloom. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 13(1): 3. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/using-plant-growth-regulators-improve-apple-return-bloom
• Claffey,S.‡, Farcuh, M.* Sep 2022. All about apple rootstocks. University of Maryland Extension Factsheet FS-2022-0638. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/all-about-apple-rootstocks-fs-20220638
• Coneva, E. 2022. Evaluation of Size-Controlling, Pest Resistant Peach Rootstocks for Alabama. ACES Blog: https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/crop-production/evaluation-of-size-controlling-pest-resistant-peach-rootstocks-for-alabama/
• Coneva, E. 2022. Peach Growth Stages and Critical Temperatures. https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/crop-production/peach-growth-stages-critical-temperatures/
• Coneva, E. 2022. Assessment of Disease Resistant, Size -Controlling ‘MP-29’ Rootstock for Sustainable Peach Production in Alabama. https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/crop-production/assessment-of-disease-resistant-size-controlling-mp-29-rootstock-for-sustainable-peach-production-in-alabama/
• Farcuh, M. Oct 2022. Portainjertos de manzanas y su importancia en la producción frutal. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: “Extensión en Español”.
• Kahlke, C. C. Watkins, M. Miranda Sazo, T. Robinson, L. Cheng. 2022. Sample August 19th-23rd for Passive Model for Honeycrisp Bitter Pit Prediction! Lake Ontario Fruit Program Announcements. Aug. 18, 2022
• Lakso, A.N., T.L. Robinson, L. Gonzalez, and M. Miranda Sazo. 2022. Practical Implications of Early- and Mid-Summer Water Stress on Tree Growth, Cropping, and Physiology. Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 12, July 14, 2022.
• Miranda Sazo, M., C. Kahlke, M. Basedow, E. Tee, L. Cheng, and T. Robinson. 2022. ‘Honeycrisp’ Fruit Collection for Peel Sap Starts in Early July. Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 11, June 30, 2022.
• Muehlbauer, M. 2022. Apple Variety and Rootstock Selection. Proceedings of the 67th New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show. p. 167-168.
• Muehlbauer, M., Magron, R., Cowgill, W. 2022. NC-140 Fuji and Honeycrisp Apple Rootstock Trials in New Jersey: 2021 Growing Season. Horticultural News Vol. 102. P 6-13.
• Robinson, T. and M. Miranda Sazo. 2022. Intentional ‘delay’ of dormant pruning cut decision for ‘Honeycrisp’ and other important biennial cultivars (Fuji). Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 3, Feb. 24, 2022.
• Robinson, T. and L. Gonzalez. 2022. Predicted Green Tip Date for WNY in 2022. Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 5, March 24, 2022.
• Robinson, T., L. Cheng and M. Miranda Saxo. 2022. Managing Pruning and Fertilization of Honeycrisp to Balance Growth, Cropping and Fruit Quality. Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 5, March 24, 2022.
• Robinson, T., L. Cheng and M. Miranda Sazo. 2022, Nitrogen, Potassium, and Calcium Recommendations for ‘Honeycrisp’ are Different than for Most Other Cultivars. Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 7, April 21, 2022.
• Robinson, T. and M. Miranda Sazo. 2022. Now is the Time to Start Thinking How to Promote the Formation of ‘Honeycrisp’ Flower Buds in 2023 Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 8, May 14, 2022.
• Robinson, T., and M. Miranda Sazo. 2022.  Rescue Thinning Recommendations for Western NY in 2022. Lake Ontario Fruit Program Announcements. June 3, 2022
• Robinson, T.L., M. Miranda Sazo and C. Kahlke. 2022. The Use of Plant Growth Regulators Near Harvest. Lake Ontario Fruit Program Announcements. Aug. 18, 2022
• Robinson, T., Y. Jiang, L. Gonzalez, M. Miranda Sazo, and C. Kahlke. 2022. Scientists, extension educators, and ag-tech innovators are working together to fine-tune and validate the adoption of digital technologies for precision crop load management.  Lake Ontario Fruit Newsletter-Fruit Notes. Vol 22 Issue 14, Sept. 12, 2022
• Sherif, S.M. (2022). Rootstock effects on tree growth and yield of Honeycrisp apple under Virginia state climatic conditions. SPES-398NP
• Sterle DG, Minas IS* (2022). Cold hardiness assessment of peach flower buds using differential thermal analysis (DTA) in western Colorado (dormant season 2021-22). CSU Pomology web page, 13 updates. https://agsci.colostate.edu/minas/wpcontent/uploads/sites/60/2022/03/Peach-floral-bud-cold-hardiness-update-13-3_10_2022-1.pdf
• Viloria, Z., R. Villanueva, and R. Bessin. 2021. Insecticide Efficacy Against Ambrosia Beetles Using Apple Bolts in Kentucky. 2021 Fruit and Vegetable Crops Research Report. University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agricultural Experiment Station publication PR-798:10-13. http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/PR/PR798/PR798.pdf
• Vinson, E., E. Coneva. 2022. Peach Insect and Disease Management Chart.  https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/farming/peach-insect-and-disease-management-chart/
• Wolfe, D., D. Becker, and G. Travis. 2021. Rootstock Effects on Apple Tree Growth and Yield. 2021 Fruit and Vegetable Crops Research Report. University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agricultural Experiment Station publication PR-798:6-10. http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/PR/PR798/PR798.pdf 

Popular Industry Articles

• Farcuh, M.*, Weber.D. Feb 2022. Characterizing the effect of different harvest maturities and storage temperatures on fruit quality, ripening patterns, and chilling injury development of commercially important apple cultivars grown in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Pennsylvania Fruit News 102(1): 35-39.
• Fazio, G., J.C. Bettoni, L. Carvalho Costa, O.P. Hurtado-Gonzales, M. Al Rwahnih, A. Steinberger, A. Nedrow, G.M. Volk, S. Adams, R. Adams, T. Robinson. 2022. Virus Studies in the Geneva® Apple Rootstock Breeding Program. Fruit Quarterly 30:(2):4-6.
• Gonzalez, L., A. Huber, R. Gao, L. Cheng, A.D. Stroock, A.N. Lakso and T.L. Robinson. 2022. Managing water stress to maximize fruit size of apple.  Fruit Quarterly 30:(3):4-7.
• Hillmann, L., L. Gonzalez Nieto, T. Kon, S. Musacchi, T. Robinson, S. Serra, and T. Einhorn. 2022. A Modified Apple Fruit Set Prediction Model to Guide Repeat Thinner Applications. Fruit Quarterly 30:(2):4-6.
• Lang, G.A. 2022. The tree fruit whisperer. American Fruit Grower 142(12):10. https://www.growingproduce.com/fruits/stone-fruit/bidding-a-fond-farewell-to-our-very-own-tree-fruit-whisperer/
• Lang, G.A. 2022. Digital precision means more peaches from the orchard. American Fruit Grower 142(10):14. https://www.growingproduce.com/fruits/stone-fruit/why-digital-precision-means-more-peaches-from-the-orchard/
• Lang, G.A. 2022. What you need to know about sweet cherry irrigation and nutrition. American Fruit Grower 142(5):18. https://www.growingproduce.com/fruits/what-you-need-to-know-about-sweet-cherry-irrigation-and-nutrition/
• Lang, G.A. 2022. Designing precision-ready peach orchards. American Fruit Grower 142(3):28-29. https://www.growingproduce.com/fruits/precision-ready-peach-orchards-growing-into-a-thing-of-beauty/
• Robinson, T.L., M. Miranda Sazo, C. Kahlke, and M. Wiltberger. 2022. A Cornell Vision for Modern Processing Orchards for Improved Production and Profitability in NY State. Fruit Quarterly 30:(1):4-9.
• Robinson, T.L. and G. Fazio. 2022. Rootstock Choice Affects Yield per Acre, Fruit Nutrient Profile, Bitter Pit Incidence and Crop Value. Fruit Quarterly 30:(1):24-28.
• Robinson T.L., L. Gonzalez, L. Cheng, Y. Jiang, G. Peck, B. Arnoldson, M. Gomez, M. Guerra, Mario Miranda Sazo, C. Kahlke, T. Einhorn, A. Wallis, S. Musacchi, S. Serra, K. Lewis, T. Schmidt, P. Heinemann, L. He, T. Kon, S. Sherif, J. Clements, and C. Layer. 2022. Studies in Precision Crop Load Management of Apple. Fruit Quarterly 30:(4):4-7.
• Sherif, S. 2022. 2021- New Rootstocks, Cultivars, and Training Systems for Virginia. Virginia Fruit. (May 2021).

Scientific Oral Presentations

• Anthony BM, Sterle D, Chaparro J, Prenni J, Minas IS. Primary and secondary metabolism crosstalk during peach fruit quality development. Oral Presentation at ISHS X International Peach Symposium, Naoussa, Greece, June 2022.
• Anthony B, Sterle D, Chaparro J, Prenni J, Minas IS. Comprehensive physiological and metabolomic analysis to identify metabolic signatures of the impact of canopy position on peach fruit quality. Oral
• Presentation at ISHS XII International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock & Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems, Wenatchee, WA, July 2021.
• Anthony BM, Chaparro JM, Prenni JE, Minas IS. Variable carbon supply conditions promote early metabolic priming responses related to peach fruit quality development. Oral Presentation at Annual ASHS Conference, Denver, CO, August 2021.
• Coneva, E. 2022. Researching Innovative Technologies for Improved Sustainability and Resilience of Alabama Fruit Industry. Seminar Series of the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University.
• Minas IS, Anthony BM, Sterle D, Pieper J, Pott J. Unravelling the true impact of orchard factors on peach fruit quality development using accurate, rapid and high-throughput non-destructive sensors. Oral
• Presentation at ISHS International Symposium on Integrative Approaches to Product Quality in Fruits and Vegetables, 31st International Horticultural Congress, Angers, France, August 2022. 
• Minas IS, Sterle D, Anthony B, Heuberger A, Prenni J. Dissecting peach cold hardiness eco-physiology and metabolism. Oral Presentation at ISHS International Symposium on Adaptation of Horticultural Plants to Abiotic Stresses, 31st International Horticultural Congress, Angers, France, August 2022.
• Minas IS, Anthony B, Pott J, Sterle D, Pieper J. Large-scale orchard sensing of the genetic and horticultural impact on peach fruit quality. Oral Presentation at ISHS X International Peach Symposium, Naoussa, Greece, June 2022.
• Minas IS, Annual Report 2017 NC-140 Semi-Dwarf Peach Rootstock Trial, Invited Talk at IFTA 2022 Meeting, Hersey, PA, February 2022.
• Minas IS, Revealing the True Impact of Orchard and Preharvest Factors on Peach Fruit Quality Development and Postharvest Performance. ASHS Webinar, January 2021.
• Minas IS, Revealing the True Impact of Preharvest Factors on Peach Fruit Quality Development & Metabolism. Keynote speaker at ISHS Peach Webinar in the frame of 2022 International Peach Conference, June 2021.
• Minas IS, Unravelling the true impact of orchard factors on peach fruit quality development using accurate & rapid non-destructive sensors. Invited Talk at Planned Oral Session at Annual ASHS Conference, Denver, CO, August 2021.
• Minas IS, Orchard & Environmental Factors Affecting Peach Productivity & Harvest Quality, Great Lakes EXPO, Grand Rapids, MI, December 2021.
• Minas IS, Sterle D, Heuberger A, Prenni J. Dissecting peach cold hardiness eco-physiology and metabolism. Oral Presentation at ISHS XII International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock & Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems, Wenatchee, WA, July 2021.
• Minas IS, Reighard GL, Black B, Cline JA, Chavez DJ, Coneva E, Lang G, Parker M, Robinson T, Schupp J, Francescato P, Lordan J, Beckman T, Shane W, Sterle D, Pieper J, Bakker C, Clark B, Ouellette D, Swain A, Winzeler HE. Establishment performance of the 2017 NC-140 semi-dwarf peach rootstock trial across 10 sites in North America. Oral Presentation at ISHS XII International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock & Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems, Wenatchee, WA, July 2021.
• Newberger D, Vivanco J, Minas IS. Using soil disruption followed by cover crops and rootstocks to alleviate peach replant disease. Poster Presentation at ISHS X International Peach Symposium, Naoussa, Greece, June 2022.
• Pieper J, Anthony BM, Chaparro J, Sterle D, Prenni J, Minas IS. The impact of size controlling rootstocks on peach fruit metabolome and internal quality in differing training systems. Oral Presentation at ISHS X International Peach Symposium, Naoussa, Greece, June 2022.
• Pieper J, Anthony B, Sterle D, Minas IS. Rootstock vigor and fruit position in the canopy influence peach internal quality. Oral Presentation at ISHS XII International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock & Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems, Wenatchee, WA, July 2021.
• Pieper J, Anthony B, Chaparro J, Sterle D, Prenni J, Minas IS. Rootstock vigor and fruit position in the canopy influence peach internal quality. Oral Presentation at at Annual ASHS Conference, Denver, CO, August 2021.
• Reighard, G.L., D. Ouellette and I. Minas.  2022. Field Testing Prunus Rootstocks in South Carolina for Peach Tree Short Life and Armillaria Tolerance.  XXXI ISHS HortCongress, Angers, France. August 17, 2022.
• Reighard, G.L., I. Minas and D. Ouellette.  2022. Field performance of Peach Rootstock Cultivars in South Carolina.  10th International ISHS Peach Symposium, Naoussas Greece. May 30, 2022.
• Reighard, G.L. and D. R. Ouellette. 2022. Performance of Geneva and Vineland apple rootstocks in South Carolina. SR-ASHS Conference. New Orleans, LA. Feb. 11, 2022.
• Sterle D, Minas IS. Exploration of environmental and weather variables for peach floral bud cold hardiness prediction in western Colorado. Oral Presentation at ISHS X International Peach Symposium, Naoussa, Greece, June 2022.
• Sterle D, Minas IS. Peach floral bud cold hardiness characterization of multiple genotypes using differential thermal analysis. Oral Presentation at ISHS XII International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock & Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems, Wenatchee, WA, July 2021.

Outreach Oral Presentations

• Black, Wedegaertner and Safre, 2022. Technology for managing orchard variability. Utah State Horticulture Association Summer Farm Tour 5 July (45 participants).
• Farcuh, M. Indices de madurez en manzana/ Apple Maturity testing. Oral presentation and hands-on demonstration. Spanish Session, Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, Hershey, PA, USA. Feb 2, 2022
• Farcuh, M. Evaluation of ten apple rootstocks grown under Maryland environmental conditions. UME Virtual Fruit Meeting, MD, USA. Virtual. March 1, 2022.
• Farcuh, M. Assessing apple rootstock effects on ‘Buckeye Gala’ tree and fruit characteristics. Central Maryland Vegetable Growers Meeting, Upperco, MD, USA. Jan 27, 2022.
• González, L., R. Gao, A. Huber, L. Cheng, A.D. Stroock, A. Lakso and T. Robinson. 2022. Water stress to manage irrigation to maximize fruit size and crop value. NY Fruit Conference, Jan. 28, 2022. (250 people).
• González, L. and T. Robinson. 2022.  The use of ground cover materials to increase fruit color on Honeycrisp, NY-1, NY-2, and Evercrisp. NY Fruit Conference, Jan. 28, 2022. (250 people).
• Gonzalez, L., Asin L., Francescatto, P., and Robinson, T.L. (2022). Evaluation of chemical fruit thinning efficiency using Metamitron and ACC on apple trees. IFTA 2022 Feb. 14, 2022 (250 people)
• Gonzalez L., Miranda M., Cheng, L. and Robinson, T.L. (2022). NAA and Apogee to Control Bitter Pit in ‘Honeycrisp’. NEPGR 2022 Mar 8, 2022 (35 people)
• Gonzalez L., Miranda M., and Robinson, T.L. (2022). Programs of fruit thinning in different cultivar in 2021. NEPGR 2022 Mar 8, 2022 (35 people)
• Gonzalez L., Miranda M., and Robinson, T.L. (2022). Bloom Thinning ‘Gala’ and ‘Honeycrisp’. NEPGR 2022 Mar 8, 2022 (35 people)
• González, L., A. Huber, R. Gao, L. Cheng, A.D. Stroock, A.N. Lakso and T.L. Robinson. 2022. Using micro-tensiometers to manage water stress for maximizing ‘Gala’ apple fruit size and crop value. Abstracts of the ASHS Annual Meeting in Chicago IL. Aug. 2, 2022 (50 people)
• Gonzalez, L., and Robinson, T.L. 2022. Effect of different reflective ground covers on light reflection and on the coloring of apples at harvest. ISHS International Horticulture Congress, France Aug. 17, 2022 (75 people)
• González L., Huber A., Gao R., Cheng, L., Stroock, A D., Lakso, A.L. and Robinson, T.L. 2023. Using micro-tensiometers to manage water stress to maximize fruit size of apple orchards. ISHS International Horticulture Congress, France Aug. 17, 2022 (75 people)
• Miranda Sazo, M., L. Cheng and T.L. Robinson. 2022. Nutrient uptake and accumulation of ‘Honeycrisp’ trees as affected by four rootstocks from establishment (2017) to maturity (2021). Abstracts of the ASHS Annual Meeting in Chicago IL.  Aug. 1, 2022 (50 people) MFGA Annual Summer Meeting - Stop 7: NC-140 regional rootstock research project, with Jon Clements, Extension Educator, UMass Amherst. At the UMass Orchard, Belchertown, MA. 14-July, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpxTmlEdd3A
• Muehlbauer, M. 2022. Beginning Farmer Training Session- new Orchards New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show. Apple Variety and Rootstock Selection. (Virtual)
• Muehlbauer, M. 2022. Rutgers Homesteading Academy. Tree Fruit Production and Orchard Tour at the Rutgers University Snyder Research Farm.
• Muehlbauer, M. 2022. Rutgers Beginning Farmer Training Program. Tree Fruit Production and Orchard Tour at the Rutgers University Snyder Research Farm.
• Parker, M.L. January 2022. North Carolina Peach Growers Society. Zoom Delivered. Commercial grower audience. Attendance 50.
• Parker, M.L. February 2022. Western District Apple School, Zoom Delivered. Commercial grower audience. Attendance 110.
• Parker, M.L. July 2022. Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station Apple Field Day. Attendance 125.
• Reighard, G., M. Parker, E. Coneva. 2022. Performance of semi-dwarfing peach rootstocks for high density plantings in the Southeastern states. Southeastern Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Savannah, GA.
• Robinson, T.L. 2022.  Precision crop load management with an emphasis on improving fruit quality, color development, and storability.  NY Fruit Conference, Jan. 28, 2022. (250 people).
• Robinson, T.L. 2022.  The importance of diffuse light scattering and tree shape for fruit coloring.  NY Fruit Conference, Jan. 28, 2022. (250 people).
• Robinson, T.L. 2022. Precision crop load management of Honeycrisp.  New England Fruit Extension Webinar, Feb. 22, 2022. (100 people)
• Robinson, T.L. 2022. Crop load management in 2022. Cornell Cooperative Extension Webinar March 18, 2022. (200 people)
• Robinson, T.L. 2022. How to use the carbohydrate thinning model and the fruit growth rate model. Cornell Cooperative Extension Webinar March 18, 2022. (200 people)
• Robinson, T. and G. Fazio. 2022. The role of rootstock on fruit nutrient profile and bitter pit incidence of apple. Abstracts of the ASHS Annual Meeting in Chicago IL. July 31, 2022 (60 people)
• Robinson T.L., L. Gonzalez, L. Cheng, Y. Jiang, G. Peck, B. Arnoldson, M. Gomez, M. Guerra, Mario Miranda Sazo, C. Kahlke, T. Einhorn, A. Wallis, S. Musacchi, S. Serra, K. Lewis, T. Schmidt, P. Heinemann, L. He, T. Kon, S. Sherif, J. Clements, and C. Layer. 2023. Studies in precision crop load management of apple. ISHS International Horticulture Congress, France Aug. 17, 2022 (75 people)
• Sherif, S.M. (2022). Rootstocks and plant growth regulators for apple. Presented 5X: Winchester Regional Commercial Tree Fruit School, Rappahannock-Madison Area Fruit School, Central Virginia Commercial Tree Fruit Production School, Roanoke-Botetourt Orchard Fruit School and Carroll - Patrick Fruit Growers School.

Videos and Webinars.

• None.

Funding Leveraging

• Bradshaw, T. 2021-2023. Next Generation Support for Northeast Tree Fruit IPM Working Group. Northeast IPM Center. Apr 2021-Mar 2023. $19,760
• Bradshaw, T. 2019-2022. New England Cider Apple Program: Optimizing Production for High-Value Markets. Northeast SARE Research and Demonstration Grants Program. $229,867.
• Bradshaw, T. 2020-2025. Evaluating systems components for orchard and vineyard crops in Vermont. Vermont Agriculture Experiment Station Hatch Grants Program. $63,942.
• Chavez, D.J. 2022. Training systems trial in peach. GA Commodity Commission for Peaches. Funding: $4,000.00
• Chavez, D.J., T.G. Beckman, and J.X. Chaparro. 2022. Development of peach and nectarine cultivars for Georgia. Cultivar Development Research Program – UGARF – University of Georgia. Funding: $72,244.00
• Chavez, D.J. 2022. P-22 Seed Orchard Establishment. Georgia Seed Development Program to Enhance Plant Breeding. Total Funding: $64,948.00.
• Coneva, E. 2022. Assessment of Size-Controlling, Pest Resistant Rootstock MP-29 for Increased Efficiency of Peach Production in Alabama. USDA-NIFA-ADAI SCBG.
• Evans, K. 2022-2025. Pear rootstock breeding. Fresh and Processed Pear Committee Research. $303,018.
• Evans, K. 2019-2022. Pear rootstock breeding. Fresh and Processed Pear Committee Research. $321,643.
• Farcuh, M. 2022-2024. Evaluating apple rootstock performance in high-density plantings under Maryland conditions. MDA-USDA-SCBGP. $30,011. 
• Fraisse, C. et all. 2022. Innovative decision support tools for sustainable blueberry and peach production systems in the southeastern USA. USDA Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP). Requested $7,880,900.
• Gasic, K., et al., D.J. Chavez. 2020-2024. Solutions to the Armillaria Root Rot Affecting the U.S. Stone Fruit Industry. USDA-SCRI. Total Funding: $4,972.730.00. UGA Funding: $223,243.00
• Lang, G.A. and W. Shane. 2021-23. Orchard Innovations to Sustain Michigan Peach/Nectarine Industry Profitability. USDA-MDARD-SCBGP $90,526.
• Lang, G.A. and T. Einhorn. 2020-22. Implementation of Precision Decision Support Systems to Protect and Optimize Michigan Tree Fruit Production. USDA-MDARD-SCBGP $99,119.
• Lang, G.A. 2022. Tart and Sweet Cherry Orchard Systems That Optimize Labor Efficiency, Production Consistency, and Fruit Quality. Michigan Cherry Committee. $9,632.
• Lang, G.A. 2022. Optimizing Planar Sweet Cherry Orchard Technologies and Efficiencies. International Fruit Tree Association. $8,500.
• Lang, G.A. and W. Shane. 2022. Advanced Peach/Nectarine Rootstocks and Orchard Systems. International Fruit Tree Association. $6,000.
• Lang, G.A. 2022. Optimizing Future Stone Fruit Production Systems. Michigan State Horticultural Society. $10,362.
• Lang, G.A. 2022. Orchard Canopy Environmental Sensors and Bird Protection Resources. Michigan Tree Fruit Commission. $19,080
• Lavely, E., G. Lang, and T. Einhorn. 2022-23. Demonstrating Tree Fruit Planar Training System Innovations That Facilitate Labor Efficiencies and New Orchard Technologies  Project GREEEN $48,185.
• Minas, I., R. Marini, J .Cline, G. Lang, and T. Einhorn. 2022. NC-140 Rootstock Research Trial Coordinators. International Fruit Tree Association.  $15,000
• Minas, I. (PI), Grant, ‘Sustainable peach orchard soil microbiome management to control replant disease’ USDA/NIFA/Western SARE (2020): $350,000 (PI). awarded: Mar, 2020, start: Sep 1, 2020, end: Aug 31, 2023).
• Minas, I. (PI), Grant, ‘Peach cold hardiness monitoring and management for improved grower frost control’ Specialty Block Grants, Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) (2020): $61,236 (PI). awarded: May, 2020, start: Jan 1, 2021, end: November 1, 2022).
• Minas, I. (PI), Grant, ‘New training systems and rootstocks to maximize Colorado cherry orchards productivity and fruit quality potential’ Specialty Block Grants, Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) (2020): $53,539 (PI). awarded: May, 2020, start: Jan 1, 2021, end: November 1, 2022).
• Minas, I. (PI), Grant, ‘Developing accurate non-destructive technology using Vis-NIRS to assess peach fruit maturity, internal quality and storage related disorders’ Specialty Block Grants, Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) (2021): $90,832 (PI). awarded: May, 2021, start: Jan 1, 2022, end: November 1, 2023).
• Minas, I. (PI), Grant, ‘Web-based peach cold hardiness prediction tool for grower frost control informed decision-making’ Specialty Block Grants, Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) (2021): $96,854 (PI). awarded: May, 2022, start: Jan 1, 2023, end: November 1, 2024).
• Minas, I. (PI), 2022-2024, ‘XLSOR: Accurate and Non-Destructive Sensor of Fruit Internal Quality and Maturity’ Fuel 2022 - Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade (COEDIT) (2022): $185,000 (PI).  
• Muehlbauer, M. 2022. Evaluation of the Impact of Rootstocks on the Yield and Vigor of Seven-year-old Honeycrisp Trees and Newly Planted Porters Perfection. New Jersey State Horticultural Society. $5,650
• Parker, M.L. NC Legislature/Special Bill funding for apple research - $6,000.
• Reighard, G.  2022.  Guardian® rootstock seed sales revenue.  South Carolina Foundation Seed.  $272,000.
• Robinson, T. 2022. Orchard management systems and rootstocks for improved yield and fruit quality – Sponsored by NY Apple Research and Development Program ($50,000).
• Robinson, T. 2022. Designer apple rootstocks – Sponsored by NY Farm Viability Institute. ($90,000).
• Robinson, T. 2022. Designer apple rootstocks for NY – Federal Formula Funds ($30,000)
• Warmund, M. and M. Kwasniewski. 2020-2022. Optimizing Cultivars and Processing for Hard Cider and Apple wines. MO Dept. of Agriculture $33,398.
• Warmund, M. Industry Gift for Tree Fruit Rootstock Research: $2,000.
• Xu, H. 2021-24. Effect of rootstock genotype on the efficacy of clean technologies for combatting apple replant disease. J-002642. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.