Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Station: University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus

Abner A. Rodriguez Carias Abner.rodriguez3@upr.edu; John Fernandez Van Cleve John.fernandez1@upr.edu

Preliminary research has shown that productive performance was different in the finishing of entire and castrated lambs fed in with total rations under heat stress conditions. The use of thermography represented a non-invasive tool to detect heat stress in rams, ewes, and lambs raised under tropical environments. Thermographic, tympanic and muzzle temperature to determine body temperature in creole ewes was influenced by the hour of the day and the color of the hair. The use of thermography as a tool to detect testicular temperature in growing rams showed that the thermographic temperature of the dorsal testicular area was similar to rectal temperature. Reproductive-related experiments have shown that raising rams under heat stress condition delayed it sexual maturity based on sperm concentration.

Targeted Objectives: 1, 3, 4. 

Station: AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, New Zealand

Karin Schütz, Karin.schutz@agresearch.co.nz

Primary research focuses on dairy cattle behavior and welfare, such as how dairy cows respond to summer and winter conditions, including exposure to muddy surfaces. Data were collected for development for a heat load index of sheep managed on pasture. Additionally, research efforts contributed to the development of a heat load index for grazing dairy cattle based on changes in respiration rate.

Targeted Objectives: 1, 3, 4. 

Station: Colorado State University

Caitlin Cadaret (caitlin.cadaret@colostate.edu); Lily Edwards-Callaway; lily.edwards-callaway@colostate.edu; Terry Engle; terry.engle@colostate.edu

Stress is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. The negative impact of stress on disease resistance and animal wellbeing in food producing animals has long been recognized. Through significant efforts of the W4173 group, the biochemical mechanisms indicative of the stress response are becoming better understood. Collaborative research over the past year has produced: 1) a review paper on the impacts of shade on cattle well-being in the beef supply chain; 2) better understanding of pain biomarkers in beef cattle, and 3) information on mechanism to better understand nutrient absorption and rumen fermentation to improve animal wellbeing and production efficiency.

Targeted Objectives: 1, 4. 

Station: University of Georgia

Chongxiao (Sean) Chen, sean.chen@uga.edu

Research focuses on turkey protozoan diseases. Extension services were provided to turkey producers in NC, WV, VA, and MO to improve the situation of protozoal challenges. Research updates were presented at the Food Animal Innovation Summit, International Scientific Forum, Poultry Science annual meeting, and seminars for producers. Twenty-two abstracts were published, and seven invited talks were given to producers at different seminars.  

Targeted Objectives: 1, 4. 

Station: University of Minnesota

Yuzhi Li yuzhili@umn.edu

Research focuses on evaluating and improving swine welfare in different housing systems, minimizing abnormal behaviors (e.g. tail biting and aggression), automated monitoring of swine behavior, and organic/alternative swine production. Collaborations between University of Minnesota and University of Nebraska – Lincoln (UNL) have been strengthened through a project funded by NIFA that investigates tail biting in growing-finishing pigs using computer vision (NUtrack). Additionally, alleviating heat stress in farrowing and lactating sows using solar energy was evaluated. Research results were disseminated to stakeholders through publications and presentations.      

Targeted Objectives: 1, 3, 4. 

Station: University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Jessica Petersen (Jessica.petersen@unl.edu); Dustin Yates (dustin.yates@unl.edu); Ty Schmidt (ty.schmidt@unl.edu)

In the past year, our team continues to work to identify, understand, and mitigate animal stress.  As a result of studies of maternal and heat stress in lambs, we have increased our understanding of the role of inflammation in stress as well as its targetability.  Means to supplement animals under stress are being identified to mitigate unwanted impacts. Fine tuning of digital monitoring systems has led to algorithms able to identify changes in animal behavior that could indicate illness prior to clinical signs. The system has been expanded to use in cattle and wildlife including cheetahs and has the possibility to be employed in production settings, the abattoir, and in wildlife management situations.  Studies of beta-agonist supplementation revealed transcriptomic evidence that they may mitigate the impact of heat stress and identified changes in mitochondrial function of cattle.  That work helps understand the means by which the supplements function to improving animal efficiency.  Our team continues to publish the results of our work as well as extension documents to provide outreach to our stakeholders. 

Targeted Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Station: Cornell University

Sabine Mann

Broadly, we investigate the effects of nutrient stress (deficiency of excess) on immune responses and inflammation of cattle in transition phases. We research the impact of storage and heat-treatment of colostrum on colostral immunologically active factors such as leukocytes, complement and microRNA components as well as oxidative stress. This work showed that heat treatment of colostrum significantly alters a number of immunologically active components and has the potential to influence the immunological potential of the newborn calf, for example by reducing live immune cells and complement. Also, we investigate the possible beneficial or detrimental effect of maintaining calcium homeostasis during an acute inflammation in postpartum cows.

Targeted Objective: 1.

Station (University/Organization): University of California, Davis

Cassandra Tucker, cbtucker@ucdavis.edu

Primary research focuses how cattle respond to inclement weather, hot and cold. Research efforts contributed to a model of thermal balance in dairy cattle that takes into account shade use and cattle behavior. Additionally, a literature review looking at how cattle lying behavior responds to a range of conditions, including summer and rainy weather was provided to stakeholders.

Targeted Objectives: 1, 3, 4.

Station: South Dakota State University

Zachary Smith

Research related to the nutrition and management of beef cattle (receiving, backgrounding, and finishing cattle) in the Northern Plains has been conducted to identify strategies to optimize labor and simplify management. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products have improved health outcomes and performance measures during the feedlot-receiving period. A series of experiments were undertaken to determine if use and method of delivery of a “Stress-Pack” containing added organic trace minerals and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture product have an influence on receiving period growth performance and hepatic Cu status in newly weaned beef steer calves. Results indicate that application of a stress-pack containing supplemental organic trace minerals and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product enhances hepatic Cu stores of newly weaned calves and might alter growth performance responses during the 7 weeks following weaning, but method of delivery is likely the most important aspect to consider.

Targeted Objectives: 1, 3, 4.

W4173, 2021-22 Publications

Peer-reviewed Scientific Publications

Barnes TB, Burrack RM, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2021. Sustained heat stress elevated corneal and body surface temperatures and altered circulating leukocytes and metabolic indicators in wether lambs supplemented with ractopamine or zilpaterol. Journal of Animal Science. 99:skab236. doi:10.1093/jas/skab236.

Cadaret CN, Yates DT. 2021. Homework questions designed to require higher-order cognitive skills in an undergraduate animal physiology course did not produce desirable difficulties, testing effects, or improvements in information retention. J. Anim. Sci. 99: skab246 doi:10.1093/jas/skab246

Cadaret CT, Posont RJ, Swanson RM, Beard JK, Gibbs RL, Barnes TL, Marks-Nelson ES, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2021. Intermittent maternofetal oxygenation during late gestation improved birthweight, neonatal growth, body symmetry, and muscle metabolism in intrauterine growth restricted lambs.  Journal of Animal Science. 100:skab358:.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab358.

Cadaret CN, Abebe MD, Barnes TL, Posont RJ, Yates DT. 2021. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin injections elevated salivary TNFα and corneal temperatures and induced dynamic changes in circulating leukocytes, inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic indicators in wether lambs. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.1093/jas/skab120

Capel M.B., Bach K.D., Mann S., McArt J.A.A. 2021. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate propylene glycol alone or in combination with dextrose as a treatment for hyperketonemia in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 104 (2): 2185-2194.

Chandler T.L., Westhoff T.A. Overton T.R. Lock A.L., Van Amburgh M.E., Sipka A.S., Mann S. 2022. LPS challenge following intravenous amino acid infusion in postpartum dairy cows: I. Production, metabolic, and hormonal response. Journal of Dairy Science 105 (5): 4593-4610.

Chandler T.L., Westhoff T.A., Sipka A.S., Overton T.R, Mann S. 2022. LPS challenge following intravenous amino acid infusion in postpartum dairy cows: II. Clinical and inflammatory response. Journal of Dairy Science105 (5): 4611-4623.

Chen, C., D. White, B Marshall, W.K. Kim. 2021. Role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chicken embryo osteogenesis, adipogenesis, myogenesis, and vitamin D3 metabolism. Front. Physiol. Sec. Avian Physiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.637629

Davis, M, T. E. Engle, C. Cadaret, C. Cramer, L. Bigler, J. Wagner, L. Edwards-Callaway. 2022. Characterizing heat mitigation strategies utilized by beef processors in the United States. Translational Animal Science. 6: 1-8. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab231.

Edwards-Callaway, L. N., C. Cramer, C. Cadaret, E. Bigler, T. Engle, J. Wagner, and D. Clark. 2021. Review: Impacts of shade on cattle well-being in the beef supply chain. J. Anim. Sci. 99: 1-21. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa375.

Gibbs RL, Yates DT. 2021. The Price of Surviving on Adrenaline: Developmental Programming Responses to Chronic Fetal Hypercatecholaminemia Contribute to Poor Muscle Growth Capacity and Metabolic Dysfunction in IUGR-born Offspring. Front. Anim. Sci. 2:769334 doi:10.3389/fanim.2021.769334

Gubbels, E. R., J. J. Block, R. R. Salverson, A. A. Harty, W. C. Rusche, C. L. Wright, K. M. Cammack, Z. K. Smith, J. K. Grubbs, K. R. Underwood, J. F. Legako, K. C. Olson, and A. D. Blair. 2021. Influence of Maternal Carbohydrate Source (Concentrate-Based vs. Forage-Based) on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Progeny. Foods 10(9):2056.

Guimaraes, O., J. J. Wagner, J. W. Spears, V. L. N. Brandao, and T. E. Engle. 2022. Trace mineral source influences digestion, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal copper, zinc, and manganese distribution in steres fed a diet suitable for lactating dairy cows. Animal. 16: 1-9. doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100500.

Guimaraes, O., S. Jalali, J. J. Wagner, J. W. Spears, T. E. Engle. 2021. Trace mineral source impacts rumen trace mineral metabolism and fiber digestion in steers fed a medium-quality grass hay diet. J. Anim. Sci. 99: 1-7. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab220.

Hamilton, T. G., W. C. Rusche, C. L. Wright, J. A. Walker, and Z. K. Smith. 2021. Evaluation of a Low-Moisture, Molasses-Based Block Containing Organic Sources of Trace Minerals and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Culture during the Feedlot Receiving Phase on Growth Performance, Efficiency of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, and Liver Trace Mineral Status in Newly Weaned Steer Calves. Ruminants 1(2)doi: 10.3390/ruminants1020011.

Herrera NJ, Bland NA, Ribeiro FA, Henriott ML, Hofferber EM, Meier J, Petersen JL, Iverson NM, Calkins CR. 2021. Oxidative stress and postmortem meat quality in crossbred lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 99:skab156. doi:10.1093/jas/skab156.

Hicks ZM, Yates DT. 2021. Going Up Inflame: Reviewing the Underexplored Role of Inflammatory Programming in Stress-Induced Intrauterine Growth Restricted Livestock. Front. Anim. Sci. 2:761421. doi:10.3389/fanim.2021.761421

Hilbrands, A. M., L. Johnston, R. Cox, F. Forcella, R. Gesch, and Y. Z. Li. 2021. Effects of increasing dietary inclusion of camelina cake on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Transl. Anim. Sci. 2021(5): 1-10. doi:10.1093/tas/txab140.

Kerwin A., Burhans W.S., Mann S., Nydam D.V., Tetreault M., Overton T.R. 2022. Transition cow nutrition and management strategies of large dairy herds in the Northeastern US: Part I – herd description and performance characteristics. Journal of Dairy Science 105 (6): 5327-5348.

Kerwin A., Burhans W.S., Mann S., Nydam D.V., Wall-Villez, S., Schoenberg K., Smith K, Overton T.R. 2022. Transition cow nutrition and management strategies of large dairy herds in the Northeastern US: Part II – associations of energy and inflammation-related analytes with health, milk yield and reproduction. Journal of Dairy Science 105 (6): 5349-5369.

Leonel, F., L. M. Moreira, D. Zanetti, and T. E. Engle. 2021. Investigation of the strength of copper and zinc bonds with other constituents of ruminant feedstuffs. R. Bras. Zootec. 50: 1-11. Revista, Br. Zoo. doi: 10.37496/rbz5020190227.

Li, Y. Z., A. D. Hernandez, S. Major, and R. Carr. 2022. Occurrence of intestinal parasites and its impact on growth performance and carcass traits of pigs raised under near-organic conditions. Frontiers in Vet. Sci. 9: 911561. Doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.911561.     

Li, Y. Z., W. F. Lazarus, C. Reese, A. Hilbrands, R. Cox, F. Forcella, R. W. Gesch, and L. Johnston. 2021. Integrating camelina into organic pig production – Impact on growth performance of pigs, costs and returns. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems (5): Article 759721. Doi.10.3389/fsufs.2021.75921.

Li, Y. Z., S. Q. Cui, S. K. Baidoo, and L. J. Johnston. 2021. Evaluation of sow caliper for body condition measurement of gestating sows. J. Swine Health and Production 29(5): 245-252.

Lou, M., B. Ventura, J. Deen, and Y. Z. Li. 2021. Surgical castration changes struggle behavior and vocalizations in male piglets. J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2021.1916938. 

Lozinski, B., B. Frederick, Y. Z. Li, M. Saqui-Salces, G. Shurson, E. Urriola, M. Wilson, and L. Johnston. 2022. Effects of water quality on growth performance and health of nursery pigs. Transl. Anim. Sci. 6(1): txac002. doi:10.1093/tas/txac002.

Martin, M. S., M. D. Kleinhenz, L. N. Edwards-Callaway, T. E. Engle, O Guimaraes, D. W. Schafer, S. R. Montgomery, A. K. Curtis, M. M. Weeder, D. R. Jacobs, and J. F. Coetzee. 2022. The effect of breed, sex, and oral meloxicam administration on pain biomarkers following hot-iron branding in Hereford and Angus calves. Translational Animal Science. 100: 1-11. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac038.

Most MS, Yates DT. 2021. Inflammatory mediation of heat stress-induced growth deficits in livestock and its potential role as a target for nutritional interventions: A review. Animals 11:3539. doi: 10.3390/ani11123539.

Neave H, Schütz KE, Dalley D. 2022. Behavior of dairy cows managed outdoors in winter: Effects of weather and paddock soil conditions, Journal of Dairy Science (accepted).

Pinnell, L. J., A. A. Reyes, C. A. Wolfe, J. L. Metcalf, R. J. Delmore, K. E. Belk, and T. E. Engle. 2022. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes drive differing microbial diversity and community composition among micro-environments in the bovine rumen. Frontiers in Veterinary Science (In press).

Pokoo-Aikins, A., J. Timmons, B. Min, W. Lee, S. Mwangi, C. M. McDonough, and C. Chen. 2022. Effects of Feeding Varying Levels of DL-Methionine on Live Performance and Yield of Broiler Chickens. Poultry 1: 40–53. https://doi.org/10.3390/ poultry1010005.

Pokoo-Aikins, A., J. Timmons, B. Min, W. Lee, S. Mwangi, C. Chen. 2021. Effects of Feeding Varying Levels of DL-Methionine on Live Performance and Yield of Broiler Chickens. Animals 11 (10); 2839. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fani11102839

Posont RJ, Most MS, Cadaret CN, Marks-Nelson E, Beede KA, Limesand SW, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2022. Primary myoblasts from intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep exhibit intrinsic dysfunction of proliferation and differentiation that coincides with enrichment of inflammatory cytokine signaling pathways.  Journal of Animal Science (In Press).

Posont RJ, Cadaret CN, Beard JK, Swanson RM, Gibbs RM, Marks-Nelson ES, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2021. Maternofetal inflammation induced for two weeks in late gestation reduced birthweight and impaired neonatal growth and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 99:skab102. doi:10.1093/jas/skab102

Rodríguez, A.A. y J. Fernández Van Cleve. 2021. Análisis descriptivo del efecto de la duración de la época de empadronamiento sobre la eficiencia reproductiva y productiva de ovinos criados en estrés por calor. J. Agric. Univ. P.R. 105 (1):99-105.

Reith RR, Sieck RL, Grijalva PC, Swanson R, Fuller AM ɫ, Diaz DE, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JL. 2022. Transcriptome analyses indicate that heat stress-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle is partially moderated by zilpaterol supplementation in beef cattle.  Journal of Animal Science. 100(3):skac109. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac019.

Rusche, W. C., E. J. Blom, A. DiConstanzo, G. E. Erickson, W. W. Gentry, Z. K. Smith, A. J. VanDerWal, T. M. Winders, and J. P. Cassady. 2021. Heat stress mitigation strategies used by midwestern cattle feeders. Applied Animal Science 37(5):614-625. doi: https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2021-02187.

Schmidt, T. B., J. M. Lancaster, E. Psota, B. E. Mote, L. E. Hulbert, A. Holliday, R. Woiwode, and L. C. Perez. 2022. Evaluation of a novel computer vision-based livestock monitoring system to identify and track specific behaviors of individual nursery pigs within a group-housed environment. Translational Anim. Sci. (In Press).

Sharma, M.K., D. White, C. Chen, W.K. Kim, P. Adhikari. 2021. Effects of the housing environment and laying hen strain on tibia and femur bone properties of different laying phases of Hy-Line hens. Poult. Sci. 100 (3):100933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.030. 

Sieck RL, Treffer LK, Fuller AM , PointeViana M, Khalimonchuk O, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JL. 2022. Beta-adrenergic agonists alter oxidative phosphorylation in primary myoblasts.  Journal of Animal Science. 100(8):skac208. doi: 10.1093/jas/skac208

Smerchek, D. T., and Z. K. F. Smith. 2021. The Influence of Bedding Application in Feedlot Cattle: A Review. . Am J Anim Vet Sci 16(1):62-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2021.62.70

Thorndyke, M. P., O. Guimaraes, M. J. Kistner, J. J. Wagner, and T. E. Engle. 2021. Influence of molybdenum in drinking water or feed on copper metabolism in cattle – A Review. Biol. Trace Element Res. 13: 1-9. doi.org/10.3390/ani11072083.

Tillquist, N. M., M. P. Thorndyke, T. A. Thomas, S. J. Coleman, and T. E. Engle. 2022. Impact of cell culture and copper dose on copper trafficking genes in bovine liver. Biol. Trace Element Res. doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02829-5.

Tucker CB, Jensen MB, de Passillé AM, Hänninen L, Rushen J. 2021. Invited review: Lying time and the welfare of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 104: 20-46.

Wagner, J. J. and T. E. Engle. 2021. Water consumption, drinking behavior, and the effects of water quality in beef cattle. Appl. Anim. Sci. 37:418 - 435. doi.org/10.15232/aas.2021-02136

White, D., R. Adhikari, J. Wang, C. Chen, Jea Hwan Lee, W.K. Kim. 2021. Effects of dietary protein, energy and ß-mannanase on laying performance, egg quality, and ileal amino acid digestibility in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 100 (9): 1013212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101312.

Xu W., Mann S., Curone G., Kenéz Á. 2021. Heat treatment of bovine colostrum: Effects on colostrum metabolome and serum metabolome of calves. Animal 15 (4): 100180.

Yamada, M., C. Chen, T. Sugiyama, W.K. Kim. 2021. Effect of Age on bone structure parameters in laying hens. Animals 11: 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani110205702021

Zhu, Y., J. Johnston, M. Reese, E. Buchanan, J. Tallaksen, A. Hilbrands, and Y. Z. Li. 2021. Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress. J. Anim. Sci. 99(3): skab066. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab066.

Zhu, Y., R. Cox, L. Johnston, C. Reese, F. Forcella, R. W. Gesch, and Y. Z. Li. 2021. Effects of increasing inclusion of camelina press cake in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs on pork quality. Appl. Anim. Sci. 37: 357-366. doi:10.15232/aas.2021-02161.

Abstracts and Presentations

Buckhaus, E. M., and Z. K. Smith. 2021. Effect of Corn Silage Inclusion Rate on Live Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Net Energy Utilization and Beef Production Per Hectare in Feedlot Finishing Steers. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_1):25-26. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab054.045

Buckhaus, E. M., and Z. K. Smith. 2021. Effect of Coated and Non-coated Steroidal Implants on Growth Performance, Dietary Net Energy Utilization and Carcass Traits of Feedlot Finishing Steers. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_1):36-37. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab054.064

Buckhaus, E. M., and Z. K. Smith. 2021. Effect of Corn Silage Inclusion Rate on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Dry Matter, Organic Matter, and Crude Protein in Finishing Steers. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_1):213-213. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab054.350

Buckhaus, E. M., W. C. Rusche, and Z. K. Smith. 2021. Effect of replacement of dry-rolled corn with un-processed rye on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy utilization, and carcass traits of finishing heifers. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_3):458-459. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab235.813

Chang, A.S., J. Fernández Van Cleve y A.A. Rodríguez. 2021. Crecimiento y determinación de la madurez sexual de carneros criollos en condiciones de estrés por calor. Congreso Anual Sociedad Puertorriqueña de Ciencias Agrícolas (virtual)

Chang, A.S., J. Fernández Van Cleve y A.A. Rodríguez. 2021. Growth and determination of sexual maturity in criollo ram crosses in a humid tropical climate. Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science Meeting (virtual)

Hamilton, T., J. Walker, W. C. Rusche, and Z. K. Smith. 2021. Effects of Harvest Maturity And/or Kernel Processing on Corn Silage Processing Score and Particle Size of Corn Silage. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_1):11-12. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab054.019

Hernández Ramos P and A. A. Rodríguez. 2022. Tympanic and muzzle temperature as noninvasive methods to determine heat stress in sheep with white and dark hair at two hours a day. Memories Latinamerican Association of Specialists in Small Ruminant and South American Camelids.

Johnson, B. J., and Z. K. Smith. 2021. Managing Beef Cattle Growth Amidst a Global Pandemic: Lessons Learned from 2020 and Strategies for the Future. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_1):38-38. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab054.066

McDaniel, Z. S., Z. K. Smith, C. Wright, M. Gonda, H. Wickremasinghe, and G. Djira. 2021. The Effects of Weather, Body Weight, and Dry Matter Intake on Total Daily Water Intake in Beef Steers. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_3):49-50. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab235.088

Smith, Z. K., P. R. R. Broadway, K. Underwood, W. C. Rusche, J. Walker, N. C. B. Sanchez, J. A. Carroll, D. Lafleur, and J. Hergenreder. 2021. Evaluation of Bacillus Subtilis PB6 Probiotic (CLOSTAT® 500) on Feedlot Phase Growth Performance, Efficiency of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, and Fecal and Subiliac Lymph Node Salmonella Prevalence. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_1):119-120. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab054.198

Smith, Z. K., and M. Wilken. 2021. Evaluation of Replacement of Dietary Corn with Corn Bran Plus Condensed Distillers Solubles on Growth Performance and Carcass Trait Responses in Finishing Beef Steers. J Anim Sci 99(Supplement_1):125-125. doi: 10.1093/jas/skab054.208

Smith, Z. K. 2021. Forages in the feedlot.  U of M Nutrition Conference, Mankato, MN.

Smith Z. K., and W. C. Rusche. 2022. Research Update from South Dakota State University. Proceedings: Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference 2022.

Ureña, K.M., L. C. Solórzano, J. Fernández Van Cleve y A. A. Rodríguez. 2021. Non-Invasive Methods to determine Body and Testicular Temperature in Growing Rams raised under Heat Stress Conditions. Memories XXI Sheep Production International Congress. Mexican Association of technicians Specialist in Sheep Production (virtual).