Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Monday, January 25: State Reports 

1:00pm      Introductory Topics

• Welcome: Katelyn Kesheimer
• John Ruberson, NC Multistate Advisors update

1:15      State by state reports – conducted in alphabetical order – refer to submitted reports for more detail:

• AL: Katelyn Kesheimer – Slight increase (0.5%) of corn acreage, near record yields
• Insect pests: more and earlier caterpillar pests (lesser cornstalk borer, beetworm armyworm, CEW, FAW)
• DE: David Owens – Slugs in a few fields, less than last year, Excellent year for corn, Sentinel Bt plots: VIP corn looked great, at most with second instar larvae, Entomopathogenic nematode trials established in trials, Testing pyrethroid efficacy on corn earworm
• FL: Silvana Paula-Morales – Continuing to work on snails, especially for peanuts
• Participated in multi-state Bt sweet corn trial
• IL: Joe Spencer and Nick Seiter – Growing problems with NCRW and then WCRW, Problems due to significant resistance, Areas with Cry34/35Ab1 trait beginning to lose large amounts of efficacy, Few options for growers
• IN: Christian Krupke – AW in August and September; saw spikes in trap captures earlier, Saw some in double cropped soybeans along river and southern Indiana, Testing efficacy of insecticides for good efficacy and short pre-grazing interval, Seed corn maggot, Snow damaged beans were hit hard, Neonicotinoid did not seem to help, possibly due to poor plant health and translocation due to leaching in flooded soils
• IA: Aaron Gassman – WCRW populations have been steadily building since 2013/2014,
• Studying EPN fungi with CRW in corn, Cry34/35Ab1 resistance, short corn varieties for IRM and IPM varieties, EPN nematodes and CRW
• KY: Raul Villanueva – Tar spot, Leps lower, Yields higher than national average
• LA: Fangneng Huang – Crop consultants identified insects as number one issue for corn, Would like non-Bt options for corn refuges, Concern that Bt corn leads to Bt cotton issues, Found two plots with unexpected survival of CEW on VIP3A, Still very susceptible in diet bioassays
• MD: Kelly Hamby – High adoption of cover crops and no-till corn, Inconsistent pest issues across the state, Saw a small spike in FAW – no issues in wheat or corn, Genomic monitoring for CEW (Cry1Ab, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2)
• MI: Chris DiFonzo – Corn earworm on industrial hemp; looking at behavioral ecology
• MN: Bill Hutchinson, Bruce Potter, Ken Ostile - Corn rootworm populations were much higher, Still evaluating areawide suppression and trapping data, FAW wasn’t much of an issue except in weedy fields
• NE: Thomas Hunt, Lance Meinke, Julie Peterson, Ana Velez – Special Issue in Insects for corn rootworm management with many from NC-246, Large WBC flights compared to previous years, but peak flights at similar times, Project with Corteva to revisit all corn rootworm management; economic value for rootworm management and resistance management, Cardelonides may impact insecticide susceptibility for monarch caterpillars; combinations with fungicides may impact susceptibility
• Canada - Jocelyn Smith, Tracey Baute - Corn borer Cry1F resistance still being monitored for next three years, Western bean cutworm similar to last year for flights

3:00- 3:10     Break 

3:10-3:30pm 

Committee Business, Tom Sappington

• Honoring of Dr. Richard Hellmich as he retires from USDA-ARS

3:30 – 4:30 State Reports

• MO: Bruce Hibbard - Beneficial nematodes, microbiomes, metabolomics and diet work, Removal of Cry34/35Ab1 selection leads to susceptibility, Published 10 articles including a non-diapausing northern corn rootworm colony paper
• NC: Dominic Reisig – Working on developing predictive tools with NCSU and Clemson, Southern corn billbug management will be difficult for about 20,000 acres, Attempting to get more non-Bt corn adoption, Attempting to demonstrate cost-benefits of non-Bt corn plantings
• ND: Janet Knodel - Drought led to grasshopper issues; primarily field edges, Participated in corn rootworm trapping project with Iowa State
• SD: Billy Fuller – Extreme drought Untreated controls high in western CRW Brad McManus has done most of work 200 bu/a to 45bu/a because of drought  All fields good pressure for CRW (2, 2.5 UTC rating) Less than 1/3 northern CRW and mostly western CRW
• TN: Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes – Sebe Brown just started as new field crops entomologist, FAW resistance and targeted sequencing to improve over the bioassay methods
• TX: Pat Porter, Dalton Ludwick - EPN trials were established; some establishment; lost the site Mexican corn rootworm to Bruce Hibbard to increase Diabrotica knowledge, Corn rootworm pressure was really light this year, mostly due to heavy rainfall, FAW damage was minimal in row crops; primarily in pasture, Greg Sword and his lab is working on identifying some of the genetic populations, Participated in the Bt sweet corn trials
• VA: Sally Taylor – Good corn year, Few stink bugs, Investigating RIB percentage: 5% did not result in much mating between susceptible and resistant insects

Multi-state analysis of rootworm pressure and Bt technology pricing, Christian Krupke

• Rootworm pressure was initially very high when Krupke started, not so much now
• Partnering states: ND, SD, MN, IA, NE, IL, IN, MI, OH
• Scope: 2004 to now
• Looked at root injury versus pricing; declining injury while there’s an increasing price for Bt technology
• Pressures and trends differ across states
• Preliminary data to determine a CRW damage threshold using non-Bt plots
• Asking for Bt plot data corresponding to non-Bt data from same cooperators
• Goal is to create an online decision tool
• Discussion on the unavailability of non-Bt hybrids that are comparable to Bt hybrids with yields, etc.

Relaxed research agreements, Dominic Reisig and Aaron Gassmann

• Renewed discussion about the need to have a coordinated attempt to get relaxed research agreement
• Discussion on what relaxed research agreements mean

 5:00      Adjourn for day 

Tuesday, January 26 2021

8:00am

Welcome, announcements, Katelyn Kesheimer

• Discussion of the time/place committee to address the 2023 meeting

Discussion about the EPA memo of lepidopteran IRM framework, Kara Welch

• Meeting with ABSTC in February 2022
• Addressed questions regarding EPA’s proposed lepidopeteran IRM framework
• Addressed questions regarding EPA’s interpretation and response of feedback to the lepidopteran IRM framework
• ABSTC joins the conversation
  • Industry will work with state extension entomologists to determine UXI

Computer vision for detecting field-evolved lepidopteran resistance to Bt maize, Anders Huseth

• Discussed the physical labor and experience aspects of the Bt resistance monitoring network
• Developing an image analysis program to compare against human damage assessments
• Discussed difficulty in assessment and variability for damage between assessors
• Inter-observer variability also noted
• Discussed the intention to get larval instar determinations via digital image capture

Regional adult CRW trapping network, Ashley Dean, Erin Hodgson

• Started in 2021 due to 2021 NC-246 meeting
• 12 states, 5 Canadian provinces with university and industry collaborators
• Provided free sticky traps to improve coverage and got some basic information
• Focused on WCRW and NCRW
• Revamping efforts to see real-time data for 2022
• 619 locations
• Efforts to improve IPM and establishment of a website

Sweet corn (foliar Bts and Spear-Lep), Katelyn Kesheimer

• Bts and UTC were similarly effective
• Warrior II and Entrust did better that other treatments
• Some areas with control issues for insecticides
• Led to exploring Spear-Lep, no differences with it and UTC for damage or live larvae

 Asiatic garden beetle research in corn, Adrian Pekarcik

• Refresher on Asiatic garden beetle life cycle and introduction
• Large corn areas in fields experiencing death in Great Lakes
• Golf hole cup cutter for grub sampling, pitfall for localized movement, trap buckets (?) for longer movement
• Collaborating with Michigan State (DiFonzo)
• Host study: feeding on residue had greatest weight gain
• Evaluated grub habitat preference in fields and developed predictive tool based on soil percentage

NIFA Entomology Programs Update, Erica Kistner-Thomas, USDA-NIFA

• 80% of staff lost due to relocation
• New entomologist hired (Chris Phillips) and another expected
• Rubella Butswami is new Division Director and several other new hires
• Some funding increases for Enhanced and New Programs
• Top priority:
• Conference Grants back

Can volunteer to be a panel review member at https://prs.nifa.usda.gov/prs/volunteerPrep.do

11:15 - 12:00      Break

12:00 – 3:15 Afternoon Sessions

ABSTC and NC246 Discussion

Performance of VIP3A Seed Blend Refuge vs. Block Refuge in Producing H. zea adults, Joni Blount, David Buntin, Suhas Vyavhare, and Pat Porter

• Funded by ABSTC
• Conducted in Texas and Georgia
• Emergence cages and screen bags
• Emergence was impacted between sites and years
• Texas appears to be main source of variation
• Blend issues not related to the infestation pressure
• Estimates on the number of moths from non-Bt refuge

Summarized results of the 2020-2021 sentinel sweet corn monitoring project and plans for 2022, Galen Dively

• Reviewed the results of the 2021 growing season
• Collaborators across the United States and Canada
• Cry1Ab largely ineffective for most sites
• Cry2Ab less effective than before
• VIP3A phenotypic frequency increasing and something to keep an eye on
• Study will occur again in 2022

Genetics and ecology of Spodoptera frugiperda in an interbreeding region, Silvana Paula-Moraes

• Isotropic analysis
• Trapping in multiple crops
• Year-round occurrence of S. frugiperda in Florida; peaks in summer and fall
• Rice strain increases substantially
• Hosts vary between strains
• Corn strain feeds on mixed diet or C4 most of the year – hybrids discussed
• Rice strain tends to feed on C3 host throughout year – hybrids discussed

Revisiting fall armyworm populations and strains in the US, Ashley Tessnow

• Outlined historical understanding of C- and R-strains
• Genetic differentiation between strains
• Hybrids exist between strains
• Though sampling was done in corn and sorghum, a strong mixture (~60/40) of strains
• Strains separating by nightly flight periods

• Majority of R-strain fly earlier in the night
• Majority of C-strain fly later in the night
• Ongoing project in Sword lab to determine strain composition in the field

FAW Discussion 

• Questions regarding pyrethroid efficacy
• Questions about relationship between outbreaks and El Nino and La Nina

3:00     Final business items.

Nominations Committee Report

• San Antonio, TX from January 23 (arrival) to January 26 afternoon (departure)

• Ludwick and Porter agree to serve as co-organizers for event
• Will need strong indication of attendance ASAP to avoid financial burden falling to Porter and Ludwick
• Nick Seiter (nominated by Julie Peterson) has agreed to serve in Secretary role going forward

3:15      Adjourn 

Individual state reports received from 17 states (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Tennessee, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Texas, Wisconsin) were used to compile the list of accomplishments for the reporting period from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. These accomplishments reflect work on a diverse array of arthropod management issues that are directly relevant to corn growers, consultants, and other stakeholders in the corn production enterprise and rural environments.

 Selected outputs

Handy Bt Trait table. This trait table is maintained by member Chris Difonzo and updated with inputs from other members of the project. The purpose of the table is to provide corn growers with a way to match trade names of products with insect pest traits and efficacy.  The table was updated in 2021 with current information.

Selected Extension Materials

Collectively, our group has presented at hundreds of venues, to thousands of stakeholders and clientele and created numerous extension publications.  The list we have curated is a selection of the many outputs members of our project have individually and collaboratively produced.

•  Beauzay, P.B., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Scout for spider mites in soybeans, dry beans and corn. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #13 (July 22, 2021). Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Adult corn rootworms emerging. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #14 (July 29, 2021).
• Brown, K., S. Brown, J.A. David, R. Diaz, B. Fitzpatrick, K. Healy, F. Huang, N. Lord, T. Reagan, D. Ring, M. Stout, T. Smith, Q. Sun, T. Towles, and B. Wilson. 2021. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 1838. pp 238.
• Bryant, T., and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2021. Corn earworm as a pest of field corn. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1117. (peer-reviewed Extension publication)
• Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer trapping network. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #10 (July 1, 2021).
• Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Scout for European corn borer. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #11 (July 8, 2021).

• Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer increasing. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 15, 2021). Beauzay, P.B., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Red-headed flea beetle in soybeans and corn. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 15, 2021).
• Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer decreasing. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #13 (July 22, 2021).
• Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer continues to decline. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #14 (July 29, 2021). Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Adult corn rootworms trap update. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #15 (August 5, 2021).
• Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer continues to decline. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #15 (August 5, 2021).
• Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Corn rootworm trap update. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #16 (August 12, 2021).
• Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer low. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #16 (August 12, 2021).
• Cluever, J., J. A. Peterson, R. J. Wright, and J. D. Bradshaw. 2021. Degree-days for Prediction of Western Bean Cutworm Flight. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/degree-days-prediction-western-bean-cutworm-flight
• Cramer, M.E., and Hamby, K.A. 2021. Optimizing early season insect pest management in field corn. Maryland Grain Producers and Utilization Board 2021 Report
• DiFonzo, C. and P. Porter. 2021. Handy Bt Trait Table for US Corn Production. https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html. 3,180 downloads in 2021.
• Hamby, K. 2021. Measuring insect pressure in Maryland field corn. CMREC Upper Marlboro Roots in Research
• Kleczewski, N., N. Seiter, K. Estes, J. Spencer, K. Ames, & A. Decker. 2020 Applied Research Results: Field Crop Disease and Insect Management. Evaluations of insect and disease control tactics for corn, soybean, and wheat. Statewide surveys of corn and soybean pests. Department of Crop Sciences. 99 p. https://uofi.app.box.com/file/766382032490?v=2020PestPathogenARB
• Knodel, J.J., P.B. Beauzay, and V. Calles-Torrez. 2021 (in press). Dry, Hot Weather Impacts Corn Insect Pests in 2021. Corn Talk.
• Owens, D. and J. Deidesheimer. 2022. Insect Management in Corn. Delaware AgWeek. Virtual Agronomy Session. 11 January 2022.
• Owens, D. and J. Deidesheimer. 2022. Insect and Mite Research Updates. Delaware AgWeek. Hybrid Fruit and Vegetable Session. 11 January 2022.
• Owens, D. 2021. Ear Insect Protection in Sweet Corn. MidAtlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention. Virtual.

• Peterson, J. A., R. J. Wright, J. D. Bradshaw, and T. E. Hunt. 2021. Scouting and Treatment
• Peltier, A., B. Potter, E. Burkness & W.D. Hutchison. 2021. European corn borer survey - 2017-2021: Northwest Minnesota. MN Crop News, UMN Extension. 
• Recommendations for Western Bean Cutworm. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scouting-and-treatment-recommendations-western-bean-cutworm
• Peterson, J. A., A. J. McMechan, L. J. Meinke, and J. D. Bradshaw. 2021. How have the cold February temperatures affected insect overwintering in Nebraska? IANR Cropwatch Newsletter 26 February 2021. 
• Porter, P. and H. Davis. 2021. Revision of Managing Insect and Mite Pests of Texas Corn, ENTO-PU_135. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. https://agrilifelearn.tamu.edu/s/product/managing-insect-and-mite-pests-of-texas-corn/01t4x000002dp4tAAA .
• Porter, P. And E. Shields. 2021. Research Results Using Persistent Entomopathogenic Nematodes For Corn Rootworm Control 2021. 37:07, 333 views. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bk9--8cfC8&list=PLLBc-PrZSLQcTYEnRjFJjW9HoH24_Gvj6&index=2&t=596s
• Porter, P. And C. DiFonzo. 2021. When Good Bts Go Bad. 41:06, 147 views. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXKcGTEiOPs&list=PLLBc-PrZSLQcTYEnRjFJjW9HoH24_Gvj6&index=3&t=1288s .
• Potter, B., K. Ostlie, W.D. Hutchison, A. Peltier & A. Hanson. 2021. Reducing Bt-trait acres in 2021 Minnesota corn production? Implications for European corn borer, January 12th. MN Crop News, UMN Extension. https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2021/01/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2021.html
• Reisig, D.D. Corn Agent Training. July-August, 2021. Corn insect pest management: focus on corn earworm. Ramseur, NC. 6 Trainings; 50 Attendees.
• Seiter, N. 2021. Managing insect pests. University of Illinois Agronomy Handbook. https://go.illinois.edu/agronomyhandbook
• Towles, T. B., S. Brown, and F. Huang. 2021. The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea): A pest of Louisiana row crops. LSU AgCenter publ. 3777.
• Wright, R. J. 2021. Managing Stalk Borers in Corn. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/common-stalk-borer-scouting
• Wright, R. J., and J. McMechan. 2021. Avoiding Injury from Seed Corn Maggot. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/avoiding-injury-seed-corn-maggot
• Wright, R. J., and J. McMechan. 2021. Grasshopper Return – It’s Time to Scout Field Borders. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/grasshopper-management
• Wright, R. J., and J. A. Peterson. 2021. Scout Now for Corn Rootworm Beetles to Assess Potential Risk of Future Damage. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/scout-now-corn-rootworm-beetles-assess-potential-risk-future-damage
• Wright, R. J., K. Koch, and J. McMechan. 2021. Scout Emerging Corn for Insects; Don’t Assume Protection. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scout-emerging-corn-insects-dont-assume-protection
• Wright, R. J., W. Ohnesorg, and J. McMechan. 2021. Insect Management, pp. 313-357, in 2021 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska, EC 130, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.

Multi-State Efforts

1. Activities
1. Entomopathogenic nematodes to control pests of corn were disseminated by Elson Shields (Cornell). Entomopathogenic nematodes were provided to interested parties in Delaware, Illinois, Texas, and other states. Previous data indicate prolonged suppression of western corn rootworm in New York and new trials are being established to evaluate efficacy in other areas.
2. Bt sweet corn monitoring trials were conducted in most states with NC-246 representatives. These trials were coordinated and facilitated by Galen Dively (University of Maryland).Data previously collected through these trials documented field-evolved resistance by Helicoverpa zea to Cry1Ab. Current monitoring shows a marginal, yet increasing survivorship of this pest to VIP3A.
3. Corteva has launched the Corteva Future CRW Management Program. Trials will be conducted  in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska. The goal of this program is to evaluate innovative approaches to corn rootworm management and trapping.
4. Iowa State (Hodgson and Deans) organized the corn rootworm trapping network that stemmed from the 2021 NC-246 meeting. Participants were from 12 U.S. states and Canada. Data collected enabled local producers to understand corn rootworm activity in their region.
5. Tracye Baute (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) organized the Great Lakes and Maritime Pest Monitoring Network. Participants were from three U.S. states and Canada. Due to this meeting, there may be new participants from Ohio State (Tillmon and Michel).
6. Christian Krupke (Purdue) led a multi-state analysis of rootworm pressure and Bt technology pricing. States that contributed data included North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. This analysis revealed a decline in root injury while there has been an increasing cost associated with the Bt technology.
7. Pat Porter (Texas A&M) and David Buntin (University of Georgia) evaluated Bt resistance monitoring techniques with field corn for Helicoverpa zea. Funding was provided by ABSTC. Sites in Texas and Georgia were used to compare efficacy of bagging ears to adult emergence traps as a result of discussions on previous independent trials. The main outcome was that each has its own benefits, but the mesh bag over the corn ear method was less labor intensive.
8. Adult Mexican corn rootworm collected by Dalton Ludwick (Texas A&M) were provided to Bruce Hibbard (USDA-ARS) to initiate laboratory colonies. The expected benefits include enhanced understanding of the species and potential control measures.
2. Possible collaborative activities resulting from 2022 NC-246 meeting
1. During discussion of efforts by NC-246 members, Pat Porter (Texas A&M) revealed there are corn hybrids in Texas exhibiting strong resistance to fall armyworm. Craig Abel (USDA-ARS) will now work to include those lines in his research.
2. Kelley Tillmon and Andy Michel expressed interest in participating in the Great Lakes and Maritime Pest Monitoring Network.

Publications

• Arends, B., D.D. Reisig, S. Gundry, A.S. Huseth, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, J. Greene, and G.G. Kennedy. 2021. Soybean and maize abundance dominate effectiveness of natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton in the southeastern USA. Scientific Reports. 11: 17601. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97123-8.
• Arends, B., D. D. Reisig, S. Gundry, A. S. Huseth, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, J. Greene and G. G. Kennedy. 2021. Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize. Sci. Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97123-8 
• Arends, B., D. Reisig, S. Gundry, J. Greene, G. Kennedy, F. Reay-Jones, and A. Huseth. Submitted 2021. Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding incidence and survival on Bt maize in relation to maize in the landscape. Pest Manage. Sci.
• Bryant, T. B., A. Babu, and D. D. Reisig. 2021. Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), damage to seedling corn and impact on grain yield. J. Insect Sci. 22: 1. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab012
• Carmona, G., L. M. Delserone, J. N. Duarte Campos, T. Ferriera de Almeida, D. Ozorio, J. Betancurt Cardona, R. Wright, and A. J. McMechan. 2021. Does cover crop management impact arthropods in the subsequent corn and soybean crops in the USA? A systematic review. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 114(2): 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa049
• Carmona, G., E. Robinson, A. T. Rosa, C. A. Proctor, and A. J. McMechan. 2021. Cover crop planting date and termination dates influence arthropod activity in the following corn. Journal of Economic Entomology: Accepted.
• Cheng, Y., T. W. Sappington, L. Luo, L. Zhang, and X. Jiang. 2021. Starvation on first or second day of adulthood reverses larval-stage decision to migrate in beet webworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ. Entomol. 50: 523-531.
• Childers, A., S. M. Geib, S. Sim., M. Poelchau, B. S. Coates, T. J. Simmonds, E. D. Scully, T. P. L. Smith, C. P. Childers, R. Corpuz, K. Hackett, and B. Scheffler. 2021. The USDA-ARS Ag100Pest Initiative: High quality genome assemblies for agricultural pest arthropod research.  Insect 12(7), 626 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070626
• Coates, B. S., E. Deleury, A. J. Gassmann, B. E. Hibbard, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, J. Petzold-Maxwell, B. W. French, T. W. Sappington, B. D. Siegfried, and T. Guillemaud. 2021. Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots. BMC Genomics 22(1): 639. (DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07932-4).
• Coates, B. S., E. Deleury , A. J. Gassmann, B. E. Hibbard, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, Petzold-Maxwell, B. W. French, T. W. Sappington, B. D. Siegfried and T. Guillemaud. 2021. Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots. BMC Genomics 22:639. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07932-4

• Darlington, M., J. D. Reinders, A. Sethi, A. L. Lu, P. Ramaseshadri, J. R. Fischer, C. J. Boeckman, J. S. Petrick, J. M. Roper, K. Narva, and A. M. Vélez. 2022. RNAi for western corn rootworm management: lessons learned, challenges, and future directions. Insects 13(1): 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010057
• Dimase, M., S. Brown, G.P. Head, P.A. Price, W. Walker, W. Yu, and F. Huang. 2021.  Performance of Bt-susceptible and -heterozygous dual-gene resistant genotypes of  Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in seed blends of non-Bt and  pyramided Bt maize. Ins. Sci. 28, 1147–1158.  
• Dively, G.P., T.P. Kuhar, S. Taylor, H.B. Doughty, K. Holmstrom, D. Gilrein, B.A. Nault, J. Ingerson-Mahar, J. Whalen, D. Reisig, Daniel L. Frank, S.J. Fleischer, D. Owens, C. Welty, F. Reay-Jones, P. Porter, J. Smith, J. Saquez, S. Murray, A.Wallingford, H. Byker, B. Jensen, E. Burkness, W.D. Hutchison, & K.A. Hamby. 2021. Sweet corn sentinel monitoring for Lepidopteran field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins. J. Econ. Entomol. 114(1): 307–319.
• Dorman, S.J., K. A. Hopperstad, B. J. Reich, S. Majumder, G. Kennedy, D. D. Reisig, J. K. Greene, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, G. Collins, J. S. Bacheler, and A. S. Huseth. Landscape-level variation in Bt crops predict Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance in cotton agroecosystems. Pest Management Science. 77: 5454-5462.

• Deguenon, J. M., A. Dhammi, L. Ponnusamy, N. V. Travanty, G. Cave, R. Lawrie, D. Mott, R. M. Roe, D. Reisig, R. Kurtz. 2021. Bacterial microbiota of field-collected Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from transgenic Bt and non-Bt cotton. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040878
• Fleischer, S., W.D. Hutchison & S.E. Naranjo. 2021. Sustainable Management of Insect Resistant Crops, pp. 111-125, In: A. Ricroch et al. (Eds.), Plant Biotechnology, 2nd Edition. Springer, 400 pp.
• Gilreath, R.T. D.L. Kerns, F. Huang, and F. Yang. 2021. No positive cross-resistance to Cry1  and Cry2 proteins favors pyramiding strategy for management of Vip3Aa resistance in  Spodoptera frugiperda. Pest Manag. Sci. 77: 1963–1970.  
• Guo, J., I. Oyediran, M.E. Rice, S. Brown, M. Dimase, S. Lin, W. Walker, W. Yu, Y. Niu, and F.  Huang. 2021. Seed blends of pyramided Cry/Vip maize reduce Helicoverpa zea populations  from refuge ears. J. Pest Sci. 94: 959–968.  
• Huang, F. 2021. Resistance of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), to  transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F corn in the Americas: lessons and implications for  Bt corn IRM in China. Ins. Sci. 28: 574–589. 
• Huang, F. 2021. Dominance and fitness costs of insect resistance to genetically modified  Bacillus thuringiensis crops. GM Crops & Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food  Chain. 12(1):192-211. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1852065. 
• Hurley, T.M., P.D. Mitchell, and H. Sun. 2022. Insect Resistance Management: Adoption and Compliance. D.W. Onstad, ed. Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics, and Prediction, 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
• Ingber, D. A., J. H. McDonald, C. E. Mason, L. Flexner. 2021. Oviposition preferences, Bt susceptibilities, and tissue feeding of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) host strains. Pest Management Science 77: 4091-4099. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6434
• Krishnan, N., Y. Zhang, M. E. Aust, R. L. Hellmich II, J. R. Coats, and S. P. Bradbury. 2021. Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) life-stage risks from foliar and seed-treatment insecticides. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 40(6):1761-1777. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5016
• Kurneth, H. D., S. M. Bogdanowicz, J. B. Searle, R. G. Harrison, G. M. Kozak, B. S. Coates, and E. B. Dopman. 2021. Consequences of coupled reproductive barriers for the build-up of genomic differentiation: Reproductive barrier and coupling in corn borers. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458401
• Lata, D., B. S. Coates, K. K. O. Walden, H. M. Robertson, and N. J. Miller. 2021. Genome size evolution in the beetle genus Diabrotica. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.04.458993
• Lawrie, R. D., R. D. Mitchell III, J. M. Deguenon, L. Ponnusamy, D. Reisig, A. Del Pozo-Valdivia, R. W. Kurtz, and R. M. Roe. Characterization of long non-coding RNAs in the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, and their possible role in Cry1Ac- resistance. Insects. doi: 10.3390/insects13010012
• Liu, S., T. W. Sappington, B. S. Coates, and B. C. Bonning. 2021. Nudivirus sequences identified from the southern and western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Viruses 13(2), 69 https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020269
• Meinke, L. J., D. Souza, B. D. Siegfried. 2021. The use of insecticides to manage the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte: history, field-evolved resistance, and associated mechanisms. Insects 12, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12020112
• Mitchell, P.D., and D.W. Onstad. 2022. Valuing Insect Resistance in an Uncertain Future.  D.W. Onstad, ed. Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics, and Prediction, 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
• Mullins, A., S. Bradbury, T. W. Sappington, and J. Adelman. 2021. Oviposition response of monarch butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) to imidacloprid-treated milkweed. Environ. Entomol. 50(3): 541-549. (doi: 10.1093/ee/nvab024)
• Niu, Y., Oyediran, I., Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M. G, Brown, S., Reay-Jones, F.P.F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Zhang, Y., Chen, J.S., Wen, Z., Huang, F. 2021. Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are commonly resistant to Cry1Ab, but still susceptible to Vip3Aa20 expressed in MIR 162 Corn" Toxins 13, 1: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010063.
• Niu, Y., I. Oyediran, W. Yu, S. Lin, M. Dimase, S. Brown, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, D. Cook, D.  Reisig, B. Thrash, X. Ni, S.V. Paula-Moraes, Y. Zhang, J.S. Chen, Z. Wen and F. Huang.  2021. Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the southeastern United States are  commonly resistant to Cry1Ab, but still susceptible to Vip3Aa20 expressed in MIR 162  corn. Toxins 2021, 13, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010063. 
• Ortez, O., A. J. McMechan, T. Hoegemeyer, I. Ciampitti, R. Nielsen, P. Thomison, and R. W. Elmore. 2021. Abnormal ear development in corn: a review. Agronomy Journal: Accepted.
• Perera, OP, Little, NS, Abdelgaffar, H, Jurat-Fuentes, JL, Reddy, GVP (2021) Genetic knockouts  indicate that the ABCC2 protein in the bollworm Helicoverpa zea is not a major receptor for the  Cry1Ac insecticidal protein. Genes 12(10): 1522. 
• Reinders, J. D., D. S. Wangila, E. A. Robinson, B. W. French, and L. J. Meinke. 2021. Characterizing the relationship between western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval survival on Cry3Bb1-expressing corn and larval developmental metrics. Journal of Economic Entomology 114(5): 2096-2107. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab151
• Reinders, J. D., E. E. Reinders, E. A. Robinson, B. W. French, and L. J. Meinke. 2022. Evidence of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) field-evolved resistance to Cry3Bb1 + Cry34/35Ab1 maize in Nebraska. Pest Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6752
• Reisig, D. D., C. DiFonzo, G. Dively, Y. Farhan, J. Gore, and J. Smith. Accepted 2021. Best management practices to delay the evolution of Bt resistance in lepidopteran pests without high susceptibility to Bt toxins in North America. J. Econ. Entomol.
• Reisig, D.D., DiFonzo, C., Dively, G., Farhan, Y., Gore, G. and J.  Smith. 2021. Best Management Practices to Delay the Evolution of Bt Resistance in Lepidopteran Pests Without High Susceptibility to Bt Toxins in North America.  Journal of Economic Entomology DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab247
• Roberts, A., C. J. Boeckman, M. Mühl, J. Romeis, J. Teem, F. H. Valicente, J. K. Brown, M. G. Edwards, S. L. Levine, R. L. Melnick, T. B. Rodrigues, A. Vélez Arango, X. Zhou, R. L. Hellmich II. 2021. Sublethal endpoints in non-target organism testing for insect-active GE crops. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 8: 556. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00556.  
• Schlum, K, Lamour, K, Tandy, P, Emrich, SJ, de Bortoli, CP, Rao, T, Viteri Dillon, DM, Linares Ramirez, AM, Jurat-Fuentes, JL (2021) Genetic screening to identify candidate resistance alleles  to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm using targeted sequencing. Insects 12(7): 618. 
• Schlum, K., K. Lamour, C. Placidi de Bortoli, R. Banerjee, R. Meagher, E. Pereira, M. Gabriela Murua, G. A. Sword, A. E. Tessnow, D. Viteri Dillon, A. M. Linares Ramirez; K. Senyo Akutse, R. Schmidt-Jeffris, F. Huang, D. Reisig, S. J. Emrich, J. L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2021. Whole genome comparisons reveal panmixia among fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) from diverse locations. BMC Genomics. 22: 179. doi: 10.1186/s12864-021-07492-7
• Silva, P. R., A. N. Istchuk, J. Foresti, T. E. Hunt, T. A. Araújo, F. F. Lemes, E. R. Alencar, C. S. Bastos. 2021. Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for Diceraeus (Dichelops) melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in vegetative maize. Crop Protection 143 (105476)http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105476
• Souza, D., B.D. Siegfried, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller. 2021. Molecular characterization of western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance. Pest Management Science 77: 860-868. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6090

• Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D.R., Medeiros, D.A., Claudino, V.C.M., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Malaquias, J.V., Silva, F.A.M., Roque-Specht, V.F. 2021. Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil: the Big Outbreak Monitored by Light Traps. Neotrop. Entomol., 50:53-67.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00836-0
• Spencer, J.L., T.R. Mabry, S.A. Isard, and E. Levine. 2021. Soybean foliage consumption reduces adult western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) vigor and stimulates flight. Journal of Economic Entomology. 114(6):2390-2399. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab167.
• Tavares, C.S.G, Santos-Amaya, O.F., Oliveira, E.E., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Pereira, E.J.G. 2021. Facing Bt toxins growing up: Developmental changes of susceptibility to Bt corn hybrids in fall armyworm populations and the implications for resistance management. Crop Protection, 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105664.
• Taylor, K., Hamby, K.A., DeYonke, A.M., Gould, F., and Fritz, M.L. 2021. Genome evolution in an agricultural pest following adoption of transgenic crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (52): e2020853118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020853118
• Tessnow, A.E., T.M. Gilligan, E. Burkness, C. Placidi De Bortoli, J.L. Jurat-Fuentes, P. Porter, D. Sekula and G.A. Sword. Novel real-time PCR based assays for differentiating fall armyworm strains using four single nucleotide polymorphisms. 2021. PeerJ 9:e12195.http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12195.
• Tessnow, AE, Gilligan, TM, Burkness, E, Placidi de Bortoli, C, Jurat-Fuentes, JL, Porter, P,  Sekula, D, Sword, GA (2021) Novel real-time PCR based assays for differentiating fall armyworm  strains using four single nucleotide polymorphisms. PeerJ 9: e12195. 
• Unbehend, M., F. Koutroumpa, G. M. Kozak, B. S. Coates, T. Dekker, A. T. Groot, D. G. David, and E. B. Dopman. 2021. Bric à brac controls sex pheromone choice by male European corn borer moths. Nature Communications 12: 2818. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23026-x
• Vyavhare, S., P. Porter and S. Glass. 2021. Emergence of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, from Vip3a seed blend vs. structured refuge ears of maize. Soc. Of Southwestern Entomologists, 45(4): 853-862. https://bioone.org/journals/southwestern-entomologist/volume-45/issue-4/059.045.0402/Emergence-of-Corn-Earworm-Helicoverpa-zea-from-Vip3a-Seed-Blend/10.3958/059.045.0402.short.
• Wang Y, K. S. Kim, Q. Liu, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, and B. S. Coates. 2021. Influence of voltine ecotype and geographic distance on genetic and haplotype variation in the Asian corn borer. Ecology and Evolution. 11(15):10244–10257. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7829
• Wei, C., F. Zhang, B. S. Coates, Y. Zhang, X. Zhou, and X. Li. 2021. Temporal analysis of microRNA expression associated with wing dimorphism in the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphidiae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103579
• Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M. G, Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., Reay-Jones, F.P.F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Huang, F. 2021.  Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. J. Invertebr Pathol. 183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2021.107560.
• Yu, W., S. Lin, M. Dimase, Y. Niu, S. Brown, G. P. Head, P. A. Price, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, D. Cook, D. Reisig, B. Thrash, X. Ni, S. V. Paula-Moraes, and F. Huang. 2021. Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 183: 107560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2021.107560
• Yu, W., S. Lin, M. Dimase, Y. Niu, S. Brown, G. P. Head, P. A. Price, F. Reay-Jones, D. Cook, D. Reisig, B. Thrash, X. Ni, S. Paula-Moraes, and F. Huang. 2021. Extended investigation of the field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. J. Invert. Pathol. 183. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107560
• Yurchak, V., Leslie, A.W., Dively, G.P., Lamp, W.O., and C.R.R. Hooks. 2021. Degradation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis proteins in corn tissue in response to post-harvest management practices. Transgenic Research.  DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00273-8