Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Objective 1: Examine the effects of phytochemicals and other dietary components on gut microbiota and intestinal function. 

W4122 research in Utah inspired a new USDA seed grant (funded in 2021) to delve further into the dynamics of the gut microbiome response to a wide array of anthocyanin-rich functional foods. 

W4122 researchers in Nebraska worked in collaboration with Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health on statistical methodology to analyze microbiome data concomitantly with dietary data. 

W4122 researchers in Indiana selected a series of thirteen carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides) that are building blocks of human milk oligosaccharides and used them as a carbon source for the growth of Escherichia coli LF82 and Bacteroides fragilis from the human gut microbiome. After obtaining data on the growth of these bacteria in anaerobic conditions, we observed deterministic behavior based on the type of carbon source used. We developed a new model (based on the logistic growth model) to characterize these complex growth profiles. The introduction of a death term in the model helps quantify and statistically analyze an observed drop in biomass in the data obtained from Bacteroides fragilis. We have also begun testing Ruminococcus species with different nutrient sources as a new collaborative project. 

W4122 researchers in Minnesota examined the chemical, physical, and biological properties of processed wheat bran. Health-promoting activities of wheat bran are limited by the high-degree crosslinking of its dietary fiber and the low bioavailability of its phenolics. In this study, functionalized wheat bran (FWB) was prepared through a combination of milling, alkaline hydrolysis, high-shear mixing, and high-pressure homogenization treatments. Feasibility and metabolic effects of feeding FWB were investigated by a short-term mouse feeding trial and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis. The combinatorial processing dramatically enhanced the function-associated physicochemical properties of wheat bran, including viscosity, fiber compositions, free ferulic acid, and antioxidant capacity. FWB feeding led to diverse positive metabolic effects, including fecal sequestration of bile acids and cholesterol, reduced serum triacylglycerols and cholesterol, elevated fermentation for short-chain fatty acids, increased bioavailability of ferulic acid and its microbial metabolites, and improved redox balance. However, FWB feeding also negatively affected the nutritional status by decreasing the bioavailability of essential amino acids through the excessive loss of amino acids in feces and disrupting lipid homeostasis by reducing choline supply in the liver. These double-edged metabolic effects warrant further investigations on how to achieve the balance between the functionalization of wheat bran bioactives and the disruption of nutrient bioavailability. 

W4122 researchers in Colorado are continuing to explore the impact of cricket-derived chitin and other functional foods on the gut microbiota and intestinal function. They simulated the digestive process on ground crickets grown on different substrates and measured total soluble iron content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). They incubated iron-normalized digests with Caco2 intestinal cells to determine the bioavailability of iron in these samples. Interestingly, the bioavailability of iron was increased when crickets were reared on a substrate consisting of corn stover and mushroom mycelium that had been exposed to fruiting conditions. They are also following up on previous studies showing that 4 weeks of cricket consumption had bifidogenic effects measured in stool samples by specifically isolating cricket chitin and providing a 4g daily dose to individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) to assess functional gut health and microbiota. The trial is expected to begin in January 2022.  In addition, they established that the anti-obesogenic effects of pulse and dry bean consumption may be due to microbiota modulation. They showed common microbiota signatures across animals consuming different types of pulses and also demonstrated that individual pulses had specific effects on the microbiota- potentially due to different types of fibers.  

W4122 researchers in Michigan found that while quercetin and chlorogenic acid did not protect against overt morphological indicators of DSS-induced injury and inflammation or fecal SCFA concentrations, their influence on expression of injury repair molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, SCFA transport proteins, and NF-κB inhibitory molecules suggests beneficial influences on major pathways involved in DSS-induced injury/inflammation.  Therefore, in healthy individuals or during periods of remission, quercetin and chlorogenic acid may promote a healthier colon, and may suppress some of the signaling involved in inflammation promotion during active disease. 

W4122 researchers in California emphasizes early-life nutrition and development. We use the piglet model to evaluate the effects of micronutrient imbalance (e.g. iron and selecium) and bioactive dietary supplements (e.g. probiotics, synbiotics) on gut health, intestinal microbiome, metabolism, and neurocognitive functions. Despite the impact of COVID on research progress during the reporting period, we have completed 3 research projects wherein we investigated 1) effects of dietary iron levels on risk of enteric bacterial infection, 2) effects of probiotics blends on gut health and microbiome, and 3) the use of prebiotics and synbiotics in modulation of iron absorption and metabolism. Our research is closely related to agriculture and/or human nutrition. Meanwhile, we have customized individual housing units that is equipped with automatic milk delivery system for preweaning piglets. This animal housing and feeding facility allows us to conduct research with milk-fed piglets, a model for formula-fed infants. In the report period, I authored in 9 peer-reviewed papers (corresponding author in 5 of them), submitted 5 proposals as PI or co-PI to NIH, USDA, or industry sponsors, and secured $256,216 funding support.

W4122 researchers in Washington:  Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation diseases and are associated with dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium. In recent years, metabolic dysregulation has been increasingly implicated in the incidence of IBDs.  Intestinal epithelial cells, positioned between the anaerobic lumen and lamina propria, have a very high metabolic rate. By consuming oxygen, the epithelial layer also controls the anaerobic state of the intestinal lumen, which contributes to microbial homeostasis and dysbiosis. As a natural compound in foods, alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) is one of the key metabolites maintaining energy homeostasis. As an intermediate of the Krebs cycle, the aKG content in foods varies dramatically, and dietary aKG is a significant source of energy for epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. To test the beneficial effects of dietary aKG against the IBD, we conducted a mouse study using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced - colitis model. Mice under study received drinking water with or without 1% aKG for four weeks. At week 3, colitis was induced by 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days followed by 7 days of recovery. We found that dietary aKG supplementation decreased DSS-induced body weight loss, gross bleeding, fecal consistency score, and disease activity index. In agreement, aKG supplementation restored DSS-associated colon shortening, ameliorated mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration into colonic tissue, which were associated with suppressed gut inflammation and Wnt signaling, improved epithelial structure, enhanced M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, and strengthened intestinal barrier function. Additionally, aKG supplementation elevated colonic aKG levels while decreasing 2-hydroxyglutarate levels, which increased oxidative instead of glycolytic metabolism. In summary, aKG supplementation protects against epithelial damage and ameliorates DSS- induced colitis. Intake of foods enriched with aKG or aKG supplementation can be an alternative approach for the prevention or treatment of colitis that is common in Western societies.

Objective 2: Identify cellular mechanisms and molecular targets of beneficial or adverse dietary components that influence human health. 

W4122 researchers in Wisconsin have worked on defining how iron metabolism and red blood cell production is coordinated during postnatal growth is relevant to both production animals and humans.  In swine, iron supplementation during neonatal/postnatal growth is essential to prevent anemia.  Understanding the mechanisms coordination iron metabolism and red cell production may lead to better ways to optimize iron supplementation in swine.  In humans, polycythemia (excess red cell production) can occur throughout the life cycle, from fetal to adult “stages” but the impact on interorgan iron distribution and its potential pathological impacts are not fully understood.  Recent projects have produced data on the impact of IRP1 deficiency in controlling iron metabolism and erythropoiesis.  Similarly, we are collecting data on expression of various mRNAs in renal erythropoietin (Epo) producing cells under a range of conditions.  Epo is the primary hormone driving red blood cell production.  We have submitted a revised version of our manuscript on the regulation of kidney iron metabolism in renal failure.  We anticipate submission of a manuscript on the impact of IRP1 deficiency on systemic iron distribution and heart function in the next few months. 

W4122 researchers in New Jersey.  Along the objective of this multi-state project, we examine the potential of dihydromyricetin (DMH) and related metabolites to attenuate acute ethanol-induced impairments. DMH is a natural bioactive flavonoid with unique GABAA receptor activity with a putative mechanism of action to reduce the intoxication effects of ethanol. Although dihydromyricetin's poor oral bioavailability limits clinical utility, the promise of this mechanism for the treatment of alcohol use disorder warrants further investigation into its specificity and druggable potential. These experiments investigated the bioavailability of dihydromyricetin in the brain and serum associated with acute anti-intoxicating effects in C57BL/6J mice. Dihydromyricetin (50 mg/kg IP) administered 0 or 15-min prior to ethanol (PO 5 g/kg) significantly reduced ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex. Total serum exposures (AUC0→24) of dihydromyricetin (PO 50 mg/kg) via oral (PO) administration were determined to be 2.5 µM × h (male) and 0.7 µM × h (female), while intraperitoneal (IP) administration led to 23.8-fold and 7.2- increases in AUC0→24 in male and female mice, respectively. Electrophysiology studies in α5β3γ2 GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes suggest dihydromyricetin (10 µM) potentiates GABAergic activity (+43.2%), and the metabolite 4-O-methyl-dihydromyricetin (10 µM) negatively modulates GABAergic activity (-12.6%). Our results indicate that administration route and sex significantly impact DHM bioavailability in mice, which is limited by poor absorption and rapid clearance. This correlates with the observed short duration of DHM's anti-intoxicating properties and highlights the need for further investigation into mechanism of DHM's potential anti-intoxicating properties (Carry et al, 2021). 

W4122 researchers in Connecticut determined the relationship between citrus intake and NMSC (skin cancer) risk among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study, who were aged 50-79 years at enrollment (1993-1998). The consumption of citrus fruit, citrus juice, and non-citrus fruit and juice were measured at the baseline of the study using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). NMSC cases (basal or squamous cell carcinomas) were self-reported during annual follow-up surveys. The outcome data used for this analysis were collected through March 2020. The relative risk (RR) for incident NMSC by citrus consumption was calculated. Among 49,007 non-Hispanic white participants, there were 8642 cases of incident NMSC. Using less than one serving of citrus juice per week as reference, the RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident NMSC by citrus juice intake were 1.03 (0.95, 1.10) for one serving/week, 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) for two to four servings/week, 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) for five to six servings/week, and 1.08 (1.02, 1.13) for one or more serving/day (p-trend = 0.007). Subgroup analyses did not reveal meaningful associations by sun exposure variables.

W4122 researchers in Colorado investigated the impact of excess dietary fat intake during pregnancy on fetal metabolism and insulin sensitivity using a novel ovine model of fetal metabolic programming. Results indicate that excess fat in the maternal diet promotes a greater capacity of fetal muscle to uptake and oxidize fatty acids, but a reduced capacity for insulin-dependent glucose uptake and oxidation.  This resembles what is seen in obese/insulin-resistant adults, suggesting that the offspring of mothers who consume excess dietary fat during pregnancy may be “programmed” with a greater risk of obesity/diabetes later in life.   

W4122 researchers in Colorado investigated the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on fetal metabolism and tissue DHA enrichment using the same ovine model of maternal-fetal metabolic programming. These studies are the first to validate use of an ovine model for investigating the impact of maternal DHA supplementation (MDS) on fetal metabolism and development. Results demonstrate a complex tissue-specific effect of MDS on fetal tissue carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism that favors a greater capacity for serum glucose disposal and fatty acid oxidation.  Whether these changes ultimately impact nutrient metabolism and cardiometabolic risk in the offspring later in life will be investigated in future studies.

 W4122 researchers in Nebraska tested the hypothesis that dietary bioactive peptide (γ-glutamyl peptide: γ-EV) can inhibit inflammation in both vascular tissues to protect against atherosclerosis and associated vascular disorders associated with obesity and inflammation.  To test the biological activity of dietary γ-glutamyl peptide (γ-EV) we have used vascular endothelial cells (HAoEC: Human Aortic Endothelial Cells) in our study. The results obtained from these studies indicated that the intervention of γ-EV can reduce inflammation in vascular endothelial cells by activating the calcium sensing-receptor (CaSR). The results from our absorption study with Caco2 cells indicate that γ-EV can be absorbed. Additional studies revealed that the absorption of γ-EV is via paracellular pathway and Pep-T1 dependent. Additional in-vivo bioavailability study suggests that γ-EV can eb found in the blood stream in a rodent model (SD rats) after an oral gavage of 100mg/kg BW. The peptide has been detected in the blood drawn from the jugular vein as well as in the systemic flow (the blood drawn from the tail snip).  Further in-vivo study with Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice showed that intervention of γ-EV both in low dose (50mg/kgBW) and in high dose (250mg/kgBW) can reduce vascular biomarkers like (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and LOX-1) in the animal model of atherosclerosis. 

W4122 researchers in Tennessee, In collaboration with the vascular surgeons of the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Graduate School of Medicine, we started a clinical trial investigating the impact of a combination of dietary bioactives in the stability of peripheral stents. This work was based on a preclinical model of vascular injury (Buckley, M.R., Terry, P.D., Kirkpatrick, S.S., Arnold, J.D., McNally, M.M., Grandas, O.H., Freeman, M.B., Goldman, M.H., Whelan, J., Mountain, D.J.H. 2019. Dietary Supplementation with Zyflamend Poly-Herbal Extracts and Fish Oil Inhibit Intimal Hyperplasia Development Following Vascular Intervention. Nutr Res 68:34-44.) The Clinical Trial has been suspended since March 1, 2020, due to Covid-19, the Delta variant and the low vaccination rates in the state of Tennessee. 

W4122 researchers in Oregon, continued collaborative research on Centella asiatica (CA). CA in herbal teas and CA extracts have gained increasing public interest as botanical dietary supplement due to its touted properties to enhance resilience in aging. With our collaborators at OHSU we have developed chemical fingerprinting methods for the characterization of botanical extracts of CA that ensure product integrity of extracts used in preclinical studies.  We further made inroads to confirm a role of caffeoylquinic acids as contributors of bioactivity in the cognitive effects in preclinical rodent models. A vitro study showed minimal induction or inhibition of a range of P450 enzymes, including CYP3A4, by the CA extract, suggesting a low potential for drug interactions modulated by P450 metabolism. 

W4122 researchers in Oregon. A number of pharmacokinetics (PK) studies of 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) in both rodents and humans have been published.  No metabolites of DIM have been reported in any of these studies. We were surprised to find robust metabolism of DIM (UPCL-MS/MS) with sulfate (and to some extent glucuronide conjugates) of hydroxylated DIM present in both plasma and urine (Figure 4). In addition to being the first report of DIM metabolites in humans, we demonstrated that one of the hydroxylated metabolites, 2-ox-DIM exhibited pharmacological activity (activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or AHR) greater than the parent phytochemical.

Objective 3: Explore the interaction between dietary components and the host metabolome and epigenome.

W4122 researchers in Hawaii. Coffee is the most widely consumed beverage worldwide. Recent studies indicate that drinking moderate amounts of coffee (up to 4 cups/day) may improve mortality rates as well as metabolic abnormalities in humans. Current studies are in progress to identify the effect of Hawaii-grown coffee on plasma metabolome among healthy individuals.

Objective 4: Determine how food processing influences chemical composition to affect human health.

W4122 researchers in New Mexico continued their research on glandless cottonseed meal protein oleosin.  Hydrolyzed agro-industrial wastes was used as liquid culture mediums to grow the modified yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to express oleosin from glandless cottonseed protein. We observed that GCSM produces the highest density of yeast at around 20 grams per liter at 96 hours of inoculation. Also, a high number of oil bodies were observed under confocal microscopy after being stained with Red Nile dye compared with the other agro-industrial food wastes. The use of hydrolyzed food waste is an economical and sustainable alternative to be employed as a culture medium and add-value to Agroindustrial byproducts. The proposed technology is also useful on obtaining specific heterologous proteins, single-cell proteins and single-cell oils derived from the yeast.

W4122 researchers in Hawaii. Recent studies indicate the beneficial effects of fermentation on food chemical composition and positive influence on human health. We are exploring the role or fermenting bacteria in preparations of traditional Hawaiian medicine noni (Morinda citrifolia) and its effects on obesity and glucose metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (manuscript in preparations). We are also investigating the role of bacteria in fermented foods such as sauerkraut and their effects on antioxidant capacity using cell culture models.

W4122 researchers in Guam. Collected mango tree leaves (13 varieties) on Guam, extracted mango leaves with methanol and hot water for 24 and 72 hours, and determined anti-diabetic activity of mango leaves (13 varieties) by inhibiting α-amylase assay.

Grants awards (new and ongoing)

W4122 members and their labs were awarded over $5.8M in new grants in the 2020-21 period in addition to over $9M in  continuing grant funding to study effects of bioactive nutrients on cancer, diabetes, fetal programming by maternal diet, gut health, and cardiovascular risk). Major awards from this reporting period are listed below.

There were 86 new publications by W4122 members in 2020-2021 reporting period, addressing the effects of bioactive nutrients on health and chronic disease risk, basic insights into nutrient metabolism, and the development of new methodology and technologies for studying these processes in humans and model systems.  Publications are listed below with W4122 group members in boldfaced text.

1. Trikha SRJ, Lee DM, Ecton KA, Wrigley SD, Vazquez AR, Litwin NS, Thomas KN, Battson ML, Johnson SA, Kuhn KA, Colgan SP, Gentile CG, Weir TL (2021) Vascular Dysfunction and Glucose Intolerance are Transferrable to Germ Free Mice via an Obesity-Associated Human Microbiota. Gut Microbes 13(1): 1940791. IF: 10.245
2. Freedman KE, Hill JL, Wei Y, Vazquez AR, Grubb DS, Trotter RE, Wrigley SD, Johnson SA, Foster MT, Weir TL (2021) Examining the immunomodulatory effects of novel probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 2453. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052453 IF: 5.923
3. Williams NNB, Ewell TR, Abbotts KSS, Harms KJ, Woelfel KA, Dooley GP, Weir TL, Bell C (2021) Comparison of five oral cannabidiol preparations in adult humans: Pharmacokinetics, body composition, and heart rate variability. Pharmaceuticals 14, 35. doi: 10.3390/ph14010035. IF: 6.321
4. Johnson SA, Prenni J, Heuberger AL, Isweiri H, Chaparro J, Newman S, Uchanski M, Omerigic H, Michell K, Bunning M, Foster MT, Thompson HJ, Weir TL (2020) Comprehensive Evaluation of Metabolites and Minerals in Six Microgreen Species and the Influence of Maturity. Curr Dev Nutr nzaa180, doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa180
5. Soderborg TK, Carpenter C, Janssen RC, Weir TL, Young BE, Krebs NF, Hernandez TL, Barbour LA, Frank DN, Kroehl M, Friedman JE. (2020) Gestational diabetes is uniquely associated with altered early seeding of the infant gut microbiota. Front Endocrinol doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.603021 IF: 3.675
6. Grubb DS, Wrigley SD, Freedman KE, Wei Y, Vazquez AR, Trotter RE, Wallace TC, Johnson SA and Weir TL (2020) PHAGE-2 Study: Supplemental Bacteriophages Extend Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL04 Benefits on Gut Health and Microbiota. Nutrients 12, 2474; doi.org/10.3390/nu12082474 IF:5.717
7. Weir TL, Trikha SRJ, Thompson HJ (2020) Diet and Risk of Cancer Reduction: The Role of Diet-Microbiota Interactions and Microbial Metabolites. Seminars in Cancer Biology DOI: 10.1016/ j.semcancer.2020.06.007 IF:15.707
8. Trotter RE, Vazquez AR, Grubb DS, Freedman KE, Wei Y, Jones S, Gentile CL, Melby CL, Johnson SA, Weir TL (2020) Examining the Impact of Probiotic Supplement Intake on Endothelial Function and Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Adults. Beneficial Microbes 11 (7): 621-630. IF: 4.205
9. Lee DM, Ecton KE, Trikha SRJ, Wrigley SD, Thomas KN, Battson ML, Wei Y, Johnson SA, Weir TL, and Gentile CL (2020) Microbial Metabolite Indole-3-Propionic Acid Supplementation Does Not Protect Mice from the Cardiometabolic Consequences of a Western Diet. Am J Physiol-Gastro Liver Physiolorg/10.1152/ajpgi.00375.2019 IF: 4.052
10. Bermúdez-Quiñones, G., Ochoa-Martinez, A., Gallegos-Infante, J.A., Rutiaga-Quiñones, O.M., Lara-Ceniceros T., Delgado, E., Gonzalez-Herrea, S.M. 2021. Synbiotic microcapsules using agavins and inulin as wall materials for Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve: Viability, physicochemical properties, and resistance to in vitro oro-gastrointestinal transit. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. Accepted for publication October,
11. Delgado E., Valles-Rosales D. J., Pámanes-Carrasco G. A., Cooke P., Flores N. C., Reyes-Jáquez D. 2021. Structural, rheological, and calorimetric properties of an extruded shrimp feed using glandless cottonseed meal as a protein source. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development 12(3), 627. Impact factor 1.27.
12. Delgado, E., Alvarado-González*, Ó., Medrano-Roldán, H., Rodríguez-Miranda, J., Carrete-Carreón, F., Reyes-Jáquez, D. 2021. Evaluation of fish oil content and cottonseed meal with ultralow gossypol content on the functional properties of an extruded shrimp feed. Aquaculture Reports 19, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100588. Impact factor 2.289.
13. Velazquez-Martinez, V., Valles-Rosales, D., Rodriguez-Uribe, L., Holguin, O., Quintero-Quiroz, J., Reyes-Jaquez, D., Rodriguez-Borbon, M.I., Villagrán-Villegas, L.Y., Delgado, E. 2021. Antimicrobial, shelf-life stability, and effect of maltodextrin and gum arabic on the encapsulation efficiency of sugarcane bagasse bioactive compounds. Foods 10(1), 115, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010116. Impact factor: 4.092.
14. Whelan, J., 2021. Allometric scaling of dietary bioactives in metabolic research: The Present and Future. In: Nutritional Signaling Pathway Activities. In the series: Obesity and Diabetes Food Chemistry, Function and Analysis No. 24, Ed: Zhiyong Cheng, Royal Society of Chemistry, Chapter 11, Pp. 295-309.
15. Aardema, N.D, Rodriguez, D.M, Van Wettere, A., Benninghoff, A., Hintze, K.J, (2021). The Western Dietary Pattern Combined with Vancomycin-Mediated Changes to the Gut Microbiome Exacerbates Colitis Severity and Colon Tumorigenesis. Nutrients, 13:3, 881. doi: 10.3390/nu13030881
16. Chauhan, S, Wagner, J.G, Benninghoff, A., Lewandowski, R.P, Favor, O.K, Wierenga, K.A, Gilley, K.N, Ross, E.A, Harakema, J.R, Pestka, J.J, (2021). Rapid Induction of Pulmonary Inflammation, Autoimmune Gene Expression, and Ectopic Lymphoid Neogenesis Following Acute Silica Exposure in Lupus-Prone Mice. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 635138. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635138
17. Rajasinghe, L.D, Li, Q.Z, Zhu, C., Yan, M., Chauhan, P.S, Wierenga, K.A, Bates, M.A, Harkema, J.R, Benninghoff, A., Pestka, J.J, (2020). Omega-3 fatty acid intake suppresses induction of diverse autoantibody repertoire by crystalline silica in lupus-prone mice. Autoimmunity, 53:7, 415-433. doi: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1801651
18. Wierenga, K.A, Strakovsky, R.S, Benninghoff, A., Rajasinghe, L.D, Lock, A.L, Harkema, J.R, Pestka, J.J, (2020). Requisite Omega-3 HUFA Biomarker Thresholds for Preventing Murine Lupus Flaring. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1796. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01796
19. Gilley, K.N, Wierenga, K.A, Chauhuan, P.S, Wagner, J.G, Lewandowski, R.P, Ross, E.A, Lock, A.L, Harkema, J.R, Benninghoff, A., Pestka, J.J, (2020). Influence of total western diet on docosahexaenoic acid suppression of silica-triggered lupus flaring in NZBWF1 mice. Plos One, 15:5, e0233183. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233183
20. Benninghoff, A., Hintze, K.J, Monsanto, S., Rodriguez, D.M, Hunter, A., Phatak, S., Pestka, J.J, Van Wettere, A., Ward, R.E, (2020). Consumption of the total Western diet promotes colitis and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer in mice. Nutrients, 12:2, 544. doi: 10.3390/nu12020544
21. Pascual-Garrigos, A., Maruthamuthu, M.K., Ault, A., Davidson, J., Rudakov, G., Pillai, D., Koziol, J., Schoonmaker, J., Johnson, T., Verma, M.S.* (Accepted: 3 September, 2021) On-farm colorimetric detection of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in crude bovine nasal samples. Veterinary Research
22. Davidson, J.L., § Wang, J.W., § Maruthamuthu, M.K.,§ Dextre, A., Pascual-Garrigos, A., Mohan, S., Putikam, S.V.S., Osman, F.O.I., McChesney, D., Seville, J., Verma, M.S.* (2021) A paper-based colorimetric molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X; 9: 100076. DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2021.100076
23. Mohan, S.,§ Pascual-Garrigos, A.,§ Brouwer, H., Pillai, D., Koziol, J., Ault, A., Schoonmaker, J., Johnson, T., Verma, M.S.* (2021) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in bovine nasal samples. ACS Agricultural Science and Technology; 1: 100-108. DOI:10.1021/acsagscitech.0c00072
24. Ma Y, Lu Y, Petrofsky K, Liu J, Cheng Y, Ruan R, Chen Double-edged metabolic effects from a short-term feeding of functionalized wheat bran in mouse revealed by metabolomic profiling. J Agric Food Chem. 69: 6543-6555 (2021)
25. Peng L, Yuan J, Yao D, Chen Fingerprinting triacylglycerols and aldehydes as identity and thermal stability indicators of camellia oil through chemometric comparison with olive oil. Food Science and Nutrition. 9: 2561–2575 (2021)
26. Mao Q, Liu J, Wiertzema JR, Chen D, Chen P, Baumler DJ, Ruan R, Chen Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in Escherichia coli by Metabolomic Fingerprinting. Metabolites. 11:102 (2021)
27. Cui W, Sathyanarayan A, Lopresti M, Aghajan M, Chen C, Mashek DG. Lipophagy-derived fatty acids undergo extracellular efflux via lysosomal exocytosis. Autophagy 17, 690-705 (2021)
28. Zhu XH, Lee BY, Tuite P, Coles L, Sathe AG, Chen C, Cloyd J, Low WC, Steer CJ, Chen W. Quantitative Assessment of Occipital Metabolic and Energetic Changes in Parkinson’s Patients, Using In Vivo 31P MRS-Based Metabolic Imaging at 7T. Metabolites. 11:145 (2021)
29. Qiu X, Macchietto MG, Liu X, Lu Y, Ma Y, Guo H, Saqui-Salces M, Bernlohr DA, Chen C, Shen S, Chen X. Identification of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites regulated by an antimicrobial peptide lipocalin 2 in high fat diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 45:143-154 (2021)
30. Chen D, Mosher W, Wiertzema J, Peng P, Min M, Cheng Y, An J, Ma Y, Fan X, Niemira BA, Baumler DJ, Chen C, Chen P, Ruan R. Effects of intense pulsed light and gamma irradiation on Bacillus cereus spores in mesquite pod flour. Food Chem. 344:128675 (2021)
31. Fritsch J, Garces L, Quintero MA, Pignac-Kobinger J, Santander AM, Fernández I, Ban YJ, Kwon D, Phillips MC, Knight K, Mao Q, Santaolalla R, Chen XS, Maruthamuthu M, Solis N, Damas OM, Kerman DH, Deshpande AR, Lewis JE, Chen C, Abreu MT, Low-fat, High-fiber Diet Reduces Markers of Inflammation and Dysbiosis and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 19: 1189-1199 (2021)
32. Junichi R. Sakaki, Melissa M. Melough, Mary B. Roberts, Charles B. Eaton, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Abrar A. Qureshi, Ock K. Chun and Eunyoung Cho§. Citrus Consumption and Risk of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative. Cancers 2021, 13(9), 2173; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092173. §Co-corresponding authors
33. Melissa M. Melough, Shaowei Wu, Charles Eaton, Abrar A. Qureshi, Ock K. Chun, Eunyoung Cho§. Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in the Women’s Health Initiative. Nutr Cancer. 2020;72(4):568-575. doi:10.1080/01635581.2019.1644353.
34. Co-corresponding authors
35. Weiyi Sun, Megan S. Rice, Min Kyung Park, Ock K. Chun, Melissa M. Melough, Hongmei Nan, Wenqing Li, Abrar A. Qureshi, Eunyoung Cho. Intake of Furocoumarins and Risk of Skin Cancer in Two Prospective US Cohort Studies. J Nutr. 2020;00:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa062.
36. Long H. Nguyen*, Yin Cao*, Jinhee Hur, Raaj S. Mehta, Daniel R. Sikavi, Yiqing Wang, Wenjie Ma, Kana Wu, Mingyang Song, Edward L. Giovannucci, Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett, Wendy S. Garrett, Jacques Izard, Curtis Huttenhower*, Andrew T. Chan*. The sulfur microbial diet is associated with risk of early-onset colorectal cancer precursors. Gastroenterology – In Press.
37. Lisa A. Whisenhunt, Linda H. Xu*, Fan Yang*, and Jacques Izard. Output Consistency Scale to Standardize Ostomate Output Description in Clinical Practice and Studies. Academic Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2021) vol. 3(1) AJGH.MS.ID.000554
38. Daniel R. Sikavi, Long H. Nguyen, Koichiro Haruki, Tomotaka Ugai, Wenjie Ma, Dong D. Wang, Kelsey Thompson, Yan Yan, Tobyn Branck, Jeremy Wilkinson, Naohiko Akimoto, Rong Zhong, Mai Chan Lau, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Teppei Morikawa, Eric B. Rimm, Wendy S. Garrett, Jacques Izard, Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Curtis Huttenhower, Shuji Ogino and Andrew T. Chan. The sulfur microbial diet and risk of colorectal cancer by molecular subtypes and intratumoral microbial species in adult men. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology (2021), Vol. 12(8) p. e00338.
39. Wenjie Ma, Long H. Nguyen, Mingyang Song, Daniel D. Wang, Eric Franzosa, Yin Cao, Amit Joshi, David A. Drew, Raaj Mehta, Kerry L. Ivey, Lisa L. Strate, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jacques Izard, Wendy Garrett, Eric B. Rimm, Curtis Huttenhower, and Andrew T. Chan. Dietary fiber intake, the gut microbiome, and chronic systemic inflammation in a cohort of adult men. Genome Medicine (2021), vol. 13, article 102.
40. Christine Everett, Chengchen Li, Jeremy E. Wilkinson, Long Nguyen, Lauren McIver, Kerry Ivey, Jacques Izard, Natalia Palacios, A. Heather Eliassen, Walter C. Willett, Alberto Ascherio, Qi Sun, Shelley S. Tworoger, Andrew T. Chan, Wendy S. Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Eric B. Rimm, and Mingyang Song. Overview of the microbiome among Nurses study (Micro-N) as an example of prospective characterization of the microbiome within cohort studies. Nature Protocols (2021), Vol. 16, p. 2724-2731 (DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00519-z).
41. Jacques Izard, Teklu Kuru Gerbaba, and Shara R.P. Yumul. Three-dimensional printing of human microbiome constituents to understand spatial relationships and shape parameters in bacteriology. The American Biology Teacher (2021), vol. 83 (3), p. 188-190.
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50. Yap ESP, Uthairatanakij A, Laohakunjit N, Jitareerat P, Vaswani A, Magana AA, Morre J, Maier Plant growth and metabolic changes in 'Super Hot' chili fruit (Capsicum annuum) exposed to supplemental LED lights. Plant Sci. 2021 Apr;305:110826. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110826. Epub 2021 Jan 14. PMID: 33691960
51. Weinman MA, Ramsey SA, Leeper HJ, Brady JV, Schlueter A, Stanisheuski S, Maier CS, Miller T, Ruby CE, Bracha S. Exosomal proteomic signatures correlate with drug resistance and carboplatin treatment outcome in a spontaneous model of canine osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int. 2021 May 1;21(1):245. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-01943-7.PMID: 33933069
52. Le DE, García-Jaramillo M, Bobe G, Alcazar Magana A, Vaswani A, Minnier J, Jump DB, Rinkevich D, Alkayed NJ, Maier CS, Kaul S. Plasma Oxylipins: A Potential Risk Assessment Tool in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Apr 21;8:645786. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.645786. eCollection 2021. PMID: 33969011
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54. Park S, Maier CS, Koley D. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry on a Carbon-based Ion-Selective Electrode. Electrochim Acta. 2021 Sep 10;390:138855. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138855. Epub 2021 Jul 2. PMID: 34483347.
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56. Turner, N.D. and J.R. Lupton.   Dietary fiber.  Advances in Nutrition.  (Accepted 9/7/21).
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61. Kreitman A, Schneider SH, Hao L, Schlussel Y, Bello NT, Shapses SA. Reduced postprandial bone resorption and greater rise in GLP-1 in overweight and obese individuals after an α-glucosidase inhibitor: a double-blinded randomized crossover trial. Osteoporos Int. 2021 Jul;32(7):1379-1386. doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05791-5. Epub 2021 Jan 11. PMID: 33432459.
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