Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual meeting was held at the University of Florida, FL in September 2021 focused on addressing S1089 objectives, accomplishments, and identifying potential tasks or research products to be initiated or continued by the members of the Multistate Exchange Group. Presentations of the different accomplishments and future goals to be pursued by members of S1089 were held during the annual meeting. Live and virtual members’ presentations involved the members’ involvement and the project accomplishments.

The project team, both in-person and virtual attendees, spent about 2 hours discussing the journal special issue collection, brainstormed research topics, and potential journals. Dr. Muñoz-Carpena gave a brief insight to how the special issues need to be handled. He emphasized improving science with quality publications.

The in-person project members then went to Sweetwater Branch Watershed for the field trip. The next annual meeting will be held in Texas A&M, Dallas.

The project team members decided to develop a special issue articles collection for the Journal of Environmental Management.

The principal focus of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) at the watershed scale. This includes the water quality and environmental benefits of mitigation practices as well as their cost-effectiveness. This will be achieved through monitoring at sub-watershed scales, modeling at larger spatial scales, and analysis of uncertainty in both monitoring and modeling efforts.  This report summarizes the activity on this project from October 2020 to September 2021, and the following sections highlight accomplishments from project teams:

Texas A&M (Fouad Jaber)

Texas A&M team has developed TMDL Report Selection Tool (http://Occviz.com/tmdl ). This tool uses natural language processing to understand linkages between modeling tools and impairments. Other tools such as BMP-Net, a deep neural network based on PlanetScope data, was also developed to identify vegetative and structural BMPs in the world from satellite imagery. The member of the team works closely with USEPA to develop national scale water quality models at huc8, 10, 12, and 14 digits for the entire U.S. and to develop GIS Tool for determining flood prone areas in Denton county for use in Hazard Mitigation Planning. In addition, the Texas A&M team works closely with Nature Conservancy to develop Green stormwater infrastructure prioritization maps for Dallas flooding.

University of Florida (R. Muńoz-Carpena)

We started (1) reviewing existing BMP practices and modeling options available for Florida and other participating states and (2) exploring new ones applicable to the States. We investigated important hydrology and pollution processes in critical landscapes including preferential flow in riparian areas (Orozco-Lopez and R. Muñoz-Carpena, 2021; Guertault et al., 2021; Orozco-Lopez et al., 2021), ephemeral gully development, and conservation tillage (Luquin et al., 2021), pathogen transport and concentration in agricultural irrigation ponds (Vazquez et al., 2021), impacts of irrigation at the watershed scale (Mompremier et al., 2020), algal blooms in coastal areas and lakes affected by terrestrial sources (Medina et al, 2020; Nelson et al. 2020), combining satellite remote sensing with groundwater monitoring to estimate historical wetland changes affected by upland development (Alonso et al., 2020), forecasting of stream recession hydrographs for critical events (Delforge et al., 2020), uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of models  (Nelson et al., 2020; Moreno-Cadena et al., 2020). Dr. Muñoz-Carpena is also starting as Chair of this Hatch Project for the next year and will coordinate the reporting and efforts. Under the organization of this group, we will also submit and develop a special journal collection on the topic of "Advances and gaps in agricultural and urban BMPs across critical scales” that will be submitted to a top-tier journal in the specialty.

Oklahoma State University (Kevin Wagner)

Oklahoma State University team has an active research project that is focused towards understanding & improving grazing land water quality. The objective of this research is to quantify nutrient, E. coli, and sediment runoff concentrations and loadings from a variety of land uses and land covers and small Watershed Monitoring.  The research team also uses UAV imagery and GIS analysis for vegetation characterization, groundcover visual estimation, relative cattle/wildlife density with game camera deployment. The sub-objectives of the research include assessing “background” loadings, assessing how “background” loadings change with wildlife habitat, and assessing the effects of grazing on loadings.

University of Georgia (G. Vellidis)

The University of Georgia team is currently working on the project that focuses on the measurement and simulation of the Environmental Effects of High Maize Yields in Georgia. The objectives are to (i) evaluate the water quality effects of fertilization rates used to achieve high yield goals (350 – 500 kg N ha-1), (ii) use the HYDRUS-1D transport model to simulate the system and estimate N leaching losses, (iii) Use the HYDRUS-1D and DSSAT CERES-Maize models to evaluate maize irrigation scheduling management scenarios that would result in high yields while minimizing leaching of NO3-N. Other project includes (i) Best Management Practice Evaluation in the Lower Flint River Basin, (ii) Evaluate “cutting-edge” management strategies/tools with potential to improve nitrogen and water use efficiency, (iii) Fertigation in corn and cotton, (iv)ET-based irrigation scheduling tools on smartphone platforms, (v) DSSAT (CERES-Maize and CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton), and (vi) provide data for regional modeling with SWAT in collaboration with Auburn University.

Purdue University (S. McMillan)

At Purdue University, McMillan is working on research related to floodplain restoration in agricultural landscapes. Restored riverine floodplains trap sediments and associated pollutants, promote denitrification but enhance phosphorus release. These patterns are driven by floodplain geomorphology, soil microbes, and vegetation highlighting opportunities for the restoration design. Water quality impacts of agricultural conservation practices include (i) multi-year monitoring and modeling to link water quality outputs to agricultural conservation practices, (ii) connecting stakeholders with scientists & engineers to better implement and evaluate environmental outcomes, and (iii) time series analysis using historical monitoring data for change detection.

University of Rhode Island (S Pradhanang)

Supported by USDA-AFRI, the Pradhanang Lab is advancing research to evaluate riparian zone functions in glaciated settings for decision-support purposes with respect to N and P fluxes. Supported by the RI DOT, a study to evaluate the effectiveness of improved roadside best management practices in maintaining stormwater quality was completed in early 2021. The project developed a stormwater runoff model for sub-urban areas in Southern Rhode Island, as well as assessed model uncertainty and calibration through the application of Bayesian statistics. A research project on the impacts of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers due to storm surges was completed in early 2021. Observation and model-based nutrient transport research supported by EPA is still ongoing. The sUAS-thermal infra-red-based imaging study to track shallow groundwater plumes and contaminants is still underway. The statewide water uses, and availability database project started in 2020 and will end in 2022.

Gold and the team have been working on New England Dams and stormwater quality studies using high-frequency sensors.

Kansas State University (A. Sheshukov)

At KSU, the Sheshukov watershed research lab has active projects from USDA-ARS, USDA-NRCS, and USGS on improving soil health on agricultural fields and water quality in Kansas water bodies. Specifically, the activity is focused on: (i) developing a validated methodology for defining and prioritizing areas in the agricultural landscape susceptible to ephemeral gully erosion and identifying most beneficial BMPs, (ii) providing a prediction framework for cyanoHAB occurrence in lakes and reservoirs by accounting for mechanisms that drive cyanobacterial growth and toxin production, and (iii) evaluating the applicability of cotton production in Kansas and its effects on soil health. Each project is in its first year of activities, and we are collecting field data and developing datasets that will be used for specific models’ validation. For the ephemeral gully project, we are collecting data from various sources (LiDAR, historic aerial imagery, historic maps, etc) to identify and map the gullies in 30 MPRAs (or >100 HUC-12 watersheds) across Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, and Missouri. The sampling equipment has been installed in Marion Reservoir (KS) for HAB specific data collection. For the cotton project, two metro stations with above and below ground sampling equipment were installed on three fields, and evaluation of four different irrigation practices and two crop densities are presently underway. The activity in these projects will continue in 2022.

North Carolina State University (F. Birgand)

The NCSU team has an active research project that focuses on the assessment of tools used for monitoring of BMPs. The focus is on monitoring stormwater wetland nutrient influxes

UV-Vis in situ spectrophotometer is used largely for data collected. The research focuses on providing guidelines on how to obtain best data, estimating uncertainties on annual and event load values, accounting for uncertainties associated with Q-proportional sampling. The main outcome of the research is (i) sampling the entire event, in practice capture peak flow and 60% duration, assuming majority of pollutants is transported in the first part, (ii) too few samples brings error, too many might not sample entire event (best guides suggest a collection of ~12-16 (field based) & 30 (statistics) samples per event to estimate within 10-20% error range, and (iii) early pollutant peaks if collected can lead to overestimation of EMC, but we still want to start sampling early within the event.

University of Illinois (R. Bhattarai)

UI-UC team is currently working on a few research projects such as

(i) the web-based decision support tool for winter cover crop management

(ii) Watershed-scale response of agricultural systems to drainage water management in Central Illinois

(iii) Effect of subsurface drain depth and spacing on water quality and crop yield

(iv) Probabilistic assessment of adequacy and development of nutrient load reduction goals under a changing climate

(v)Balancing water quality, nutrient management, and yield goals for the sustainable intensification of agricultural systems in Illinois

Penn State University (E. Boyer)

The team has an active project on the transport of nitrogen-rich groundwater to surface waters by riparian macropore flow in an agriculturally dominated watershed. The goal is to quantify how much of the streamflow nitrogen load (under base-flow conditions in an agricultural watershed) comes from groundwater seeps, versus diffuse matrix flow through the streambed?

University of Kentucky (W. Ford)

Research at the University of Kentucky has focused on quantifying source provenance and hydrologic pathways of contaminants in karst and tile-drained landscapes, as well as the fate and transport of contaminants in headwater streams, restored stream reaches, and river-tributary confluences.  Research in tile drained landscapes have focused on monitoring sediment transport and flow pathway dynamics at the edge of the field.  Research in heterogeneous karst watersheds has focused on the impacts of flow pathways and water source dynamics on nitrate and dissolved reactive P loadings at the watershed scale.  Research in fluvial systems has focused on aquatic vegetation characterization using UAVs, impacts of stream restoration on hydrology and water quality in karst landscapes, and fate and transport of sediments and nutrients in river-tributary confluences.  Research over the past year has focused on the collection of novel datasets that will be implemented within hydrologic and water quality modeling frameworks in subsequent years.  Datasets include high-frequency in situ sensors, stable isotopes of dissolved and particulate-bound nutrients, and remotely sensed aerial images using visible and multispectral cameras attached to UAVs. 

Auburn University (J. Lamba)

Research at the Auburn university has focused on field and lab-scale, mixed with mathematical modeling, modeling non-point source pollution and wetland nutrient cycles addressing all the four objectives. Research examples include land-use change and climate variability and extremes, with the goal of improving predictability and quantifying uncertainty in the availability of natural resources at sub-seasonal to decadal time scales, and providing data-driven quantitative information to decision-makers about long-term management of natural resources.

University of Maryland (A. Shirmohammadi)

The University of Maryland has been working on interfacing SWAT Hydrologic/Water Quality model with Agent-Based Modeling and Diagnostic Decision Support System (DDSS) to facilitate targeted BMP implementation with social, economic, and policy feasibilities included. The team expanded their approach to include nonlinear optimization in the form of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and social modeling strategy to better account for heterogeneity in individual behavior in cases where spatial fluctuations in mean behavior are mild within a study watershed. The team is using the existing database from multiple sources (USGS, NLCD, NLDAS, SSURGO, etc.) and collecting IRB-approved stakeholder surveys to use for calibration and validation of our multi-faceted modeling technologies.

Peer Reviewed Journal Publications:

1. Budhathoki., S., J. Lamba, P. Srivastava, K. Malhotra, S. Katuwal, and T. R. Way. 2021. Using X-ray Computed Tomography to Quantify Variability in Soil Macropore Characteristics in Pastures. Soil and Tillage Research. Accepted.
2. Kumar, K., P. Srivastava, B. V. Ortiz, G. Morata, B. S. Takhellambam, J. Lamba, and L. Bondesan. 2021. Field-Scale Spatial and Temporal Soil Water Variability in Irrigated Croplands. Transactions of the ASABE: 64 (4), 1277-1294. doi: 10.13031/trans.14335
3. Bhatta, A, R. Prasad, D. Chakraborty, J.N. Shaw, J. Lamba, E. Brantley, H.A. Torbert. 2021. Mehlich 3 as a generic soil test extractant for environmental phosphorus risk assessment across Alabama soil regions. Agrosyst Geosci Environ. 2021; 4:e20187. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20187
4. Duan, Y., Kumar, S., & Kinter, J. L. (2021). Evaluation of long-term temperature trend and variability in CMIP6 multimodel ensemble. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL093227. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093227
5. Sutton, C., Kumar, S., Lee, M.-K., Davis, E. (2021). Human imprint of water withdrawals in the wet environment: a case study of declining groundwater in Georgia, USA. Journal of Hydrology – Regional Studies. In press.
6. Esit, M., Kumar, S., Pandey, A., Lawrence, D. M., Rangwala, I., and Yeager S.  Seasonal to multi-year soil moisture drought forecasting. npj Clim Atmos Sci 4, 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00172-z
7. Duan, Y., & Kumar, S. (2020). Predictability of Seasonal Streamflow and Soil Moisture in National Water Model and a Humid Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin. Journal of Hydrometeorology, DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-19-0206.1
8. Kumar, S., Newman, M., Lawrence, D. M., Lo, M. H., Akula, S., Lan, C. W., ... & Lombardozzi, D. (2020). The GLACE-Hydrology Experiment: Effects of Land-Atmosphere Coupling on Soil Moisture Variability and Predictability. Journal of Climate, (2020). DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0598.1 
9. Bhandari, R., Kalra, A., & Kumar, S. (2020). Analyzing the effect of CMIP5 climate projections on streamflow within the Pajaro River Basin. Open Water Journal, 6(1), 5.
10. Singh, A., Kumar, S., Akula, S., Lawrence, D. M., & Lombardozzi, D. L. (2020). Plant Growth Nullifies the Effect of Increased Water Use Efficiency on Streamflow Under Elevated CO2 in the Southeastern United States. Geophysical Research Letters, e2019GL086940.
11. He*, J., M. Hantush, L. Kalin, M. Rezaeianzadeh*, S. Isik*, "Two-Layer Vertically-Averaged Soil Moisture Dynamics: Numerical Model", Journal of Hydrology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126797.
12. Yao, Y., H. Tian, L. Kalin, S. Pan, M. Friedrichs, J. Wang, Y. Li (2021), "Contrasting stream water temperature responses to global change in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States: A process-based modeling study", Journal of Hydrology, Vol 601, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126633.
13. Tian, D., X. He, P. Srivastava, L. Kalin (2021), "A hybrid framework for forecasting monthly reservoir inflow based on machine learning techniques with dynamic climate forecasts, satellite-based data, and climate phenomenon information", Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-021-02023-y.
14. Wang, F., D. Tian, L. Lowe, L. Kalin, J. Lehrter (2021), “Deep Learning for Daily Precipitation and Temperature Downscaling”, Water Resources Research.  doi: 10.1029/2020WR029308.
15. Karki*, R., P. Srivastava, L. Kalin, S. Mitra, S. Singh (2021), “Assessment of impact in groundwater levels and stream-aquifer interaction due to increased groundwater withdrawal in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin using MODFLOW”, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. Vol 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100802.
16. Celik*, S., C. Anderson, L. Kalin, M. Rezaeianzadeh* (2021), “Long-term salinity, hydrology, and forested wetlands along a tidal freshwater gradient”, Estuaries and Coast. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-00911-8.
17. Ramesh*, R. L. Kalin, M. Hantush, A. Chaudhary (2021), “A Secondary Assessment of Sediment Trapping Effectiveness by Vegetated Buffers”, Ecological Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106094.
18. Noori*, N., L. Kalin, S. Isik* (2020), “Water Quality Prediction Using SWAT-ANN Coupled Approach”, Journal of Hydrology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125220.
19. Ramesh*, R., C. Anderson, L. Kalin (2020), “Characterizing Nitrogen Attenuation by Headwater Slope Wetlands across Different Land Uses”, Ecological Engineering. Vol 149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105833.
20. Dosdogru*, F., L. Kalin, R. Wang*, H. Yen (2020), "Potential Impacts of Land Use/Cover and Climate Changes on Ecologically Relevant Flows", Journal of Hydrology, Vol 584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124654​.
21. Karki*, R., P. Srivastava, D. Bosch, L. Kalin, J. Lamba, T. Strickland (2020), “Multi-variable sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation of a field-scale SWAT model: Building Stakeholder Trust in Hydrologic/Water Quality Modeling”, Transactions of the ASABE. 63(2): 523-539. DOI: 10.13031/trans.13576.
22. Ramesh*, R. L. Kalin, M. Hantush, M. Rezaeinzadeh*, C. Anderson (2020), “Challenges in Calibrating Hydrology for Groundwater-Fed Wetlands: A Headwater Wetland Case Study”, Environmental Modeling & Assessment. DOI: 10.1007/s10666-019-09684-8.
23. Pickering, C., Ford, W.I. In Press. Effect of watershed disturbance and river-tributary confluences on watershed sedimentation in the Western Allegheny Plateau. Journal of Hydrology. 
24. Nazari, S., Ford, W.I., King, K. In Press.  Quantifying Field-scale Hydrologic Pathway and Connectivity Dynamics in Tile-Drainage: Implications for P concentrations. Vadose Zone Journal
25. Hood, R., G. Shenk, R. Dixon, W. Ball, J. Bash, P. Claggett, Z.M. Easton, M. Friedrichs, T. Ihde, L. Linker, A. Miller, G. Noe, K. Rose, J. Testa, R. Tian, T. Veith, L. Wainger, D. Weller, J. Zhang. 2021. The Chesapeake Bay Program management modeling system: progress, challenges, and prospects. Ecological Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109635
26. Nayeb Yazdi, M., Scott, D., Sample, D. J., and Wang, X., 2021. Efficacy of a retention pond in treating stormwater nutrients and sediment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 125787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125787
27. Nayeb Yazdi, M., Sample, D., Scott, D., Wang, X., and Ketabchy, M., 2021. The effects of land use characteristics on urban stormwater quality and watershed pollutant loads. Science of the Total Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145358
28. Twombly, C., J. Faulkner, A. Collick, Z.M. Easton. 2021. Identification of P Index improvements through model comparisons across topographic regions in a small agricultural watershed in Vermont, USA. Soil Science Society of America Journal.  http://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20254
29.  Xu, Y., D. Bosch, M. Wagena, A. Collick, and Z.M. Easton. 2020. Reducing costs of mitigating nitrogen loadings by within- and cross-county targeting. J. Environ. Manag.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110333
30. Modi, P., D.R. Fuka, and Z.M. Easton. 2021. Impacts of climate change on terrestrial hydrological components and crop water use in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. J. Hydrol. Regional Studies.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100830
31. Li, W., Cheng, X., Zheng, Y., Lai, C., Sample, D. J., Zhu, D., and Wang, Z., 2021. Response of non-point source pollution to landscape pattern: case study in mountain-rural region, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12196-8
32. Ahmadisharaf, E., & Benham, B. L. 2020. Risk-based decision making to evaluate pollutant reduction scenarios. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 702, 10 pages. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135022
33. Ahmadisharaf, E., Lacher, I. L., Fergus, C., Benham, B. L., Akre, T., & Kline, K. S. 2020. Projecting land use change impacts on nutrients, sediment and runoff in multiple spatial scales: Business-as-usual vs. stakeholder-informed scenarios. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, 257, 14 pages. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120466
34. Bock, E., and Z.M. Easton. 2020. Export of nitrogen and phosphorus from golf courses in the Mid Atlantic, are current export rates accurate? J. Environ. Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109817
35. Coffey, R., Butcher, J., Benham, B., & Johnson, T. 2020. Modeling the effects of future hydroclimatic conditions on microbial water quality and management practices in two agricultural watersheds. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE, 63(3), 753-770. doi:10.13031/trans.13630
36. Dos Reis B., Z.M. Easton, R.R. White and D.R. Fuka. 2021. A LoRa sensor network for monitoring pastured livestock location and activity. Translational Animal Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab010
37. Dos Reis B., D.R. Fuka, Z.M. Easton, and R.R. White. 2021. An open-source research tool to study triaxial inertial sensors for monitoring selected behaviors in sheep. Translational Animal Science 4(4):01 Oct 2020. doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa188
38. Dos Reis B., D.R. Fuka, Z.M. Easton, and R.R. White. 2020. An open-source microprocessor-based sensor for monitoring grazing animal behaviors. Journal of Dairy Science 103:9, 0022-0302
39. Easton, Z.M., E.M. Bock, and K. Stephenson. 2020. Feasibility of employing bioreactors to treat legacy nutrients in emergent groundwater. Environ. Sci and Technology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04919
40. Wagena, M.B., D.G. Goering, A.S. Collick, E.M. Bock, A.R. Buda, D.R. Fuka, and Z.M. Easton. 2020. A comparison of short-term streamflow forecasting using stochastic time series, neural networks, process-based, and Bayesian models. Environ. Model & Software. https://10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104669.
41.  Almadari, N., D. Sample, A. Ross, and Z.M. Easton. 2020. Evaluating the impact of climate change on water quality and quantity in an urban watershed using an ensemble approach. Estuaries and Coasts. 1-17. 10.1007/s12237-019-00649-4.
42. Wagena, M.B., G. Bhatt, A.R. Sommerlot, E. Buell, D.R. Fuka, and Z.M. Easton. 2020. Quantifying structural model uncertainty using a Bayesian multi model ensemble. Env. Model Software. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.03.013
43. Schmadel N, J Harvey, R Alexander, E Boyer, G Schwarz, J Gomez-Velez, D Scott, and C Konrad (2020).  Low threshold for nitrogen concentration saturation in headwaters increases regional and coastal delivery.  Environmental Research Letters, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab751b 
44. Redder BW, CD Kennedy, AR Buda, G Folmar, and EW Boyer (2021).  Groundwater contributions of flow and nitrogen in a headwater agricultural watershed. Hydrological Processes, DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14179
45. Lewis, E., S.M. Inamdar, A.J. Gold, K. Addy, T. Trammell, D. Merritts, S., M. Peipoch, P.M. Groffman, J. Hripto, M. Sherman, J. Kan, R. Walter and E.P. Lewis. 2021. Draining the landscape: How do nitrogen concentrations in riparian groundwater and stream water change following milldam removal? Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006444
46. Suriano, Z. J., C. M. Siegert, D. J. Leathers, A. J. Gold, K. Addy, A. W. Schroth, E. Seybold, S. Inamdar, and D. F. Levia. 2021. Effects of atmospheric circulation on stream chemistry in forested watersheds across the northeastern United States: Part 2. Interannual weather type variability. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.  e2021JD034546.
47. Hollister. J. W., Kellogg, D. Q., Kreakie, B. J., Shivers, S., Milstead, W. B., Herron, E., Green, L., Gold, A. 2021. Increasing Chlorophyll, a Amid Stable Nutrient Concentrations in Rhode Island Lakes and Reservoirs. Ecosphere 12, no. 6 (2021): e03555.
48. Suchy, A., P. Groffman, L. Band, J. Duncan, A.J. Gold, J. M. Grove, D. Locke, L.A.  Templeton, Laura A. 2021.  Landscape approach to nitrogen cycling in urban lawns reveals the interaction between topography and human behaviors. Biogeochemistry.  152:73–92
49.  Siegert, CM, ZJ Suriano, DJ Leathers, AJ Gold, K Addy, AW Schroth, E Seybold, S Inamdar, DF Levia. 2021. Effects of Atmospheric Circulation on Stream Chemistry in Forested Watersheds across the Northeastern United States: Part 1. Synoptic-scale Forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres.
50.  Inamdar, S., M. Peipoch, A.J. Gold, E. Lewis, J. Hripto, K. Addy, D. Merritts, J. Kan, P. M. Groffman, R. Walter, and T. Trammell. 2021. Ghosts of landuse past: Legacy effects of milldams for riparian water quality and ecosystem function. Environ. Research Letters. 16: 035016
51.   Moatar, F., M. Floury, A.J. Gold, M. Meybeck, B. Renard, A. Chandesris, C. Minaudo, K. Addy, J. Piffady and G. Pinay. 2020. Stream solutes and particulates export regimes: A new framework to optimize their monitoring. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7:516.
52. Panthi, J., Talchabhadel, R., Ghimire, G.R., Sharma, S., Dahal, P., Baniya, R., Boving, T., Pradhanang, S.M. and Parajuli, B., 2021. Hydrologic Regionalization under Data Scarcity: Implications for Streamflow Prediction. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 26(9), p.05021022.
53. Tamanna, M., Pradhanang, S.M., Gold, A.J., Addy, K. and Vidon, P.G., 2021. Riparian Zone Nitrogen Management through the Development of the Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) in a Formerly Glaciated Watershed of the US Northeast. Agriculture, 11(8), p.743.
54. Jahan, K., Pradhanang, S.M. and Bhuiyan, M.A.E., 2021. Surface Runoff Responses to Suburban Growth: An Integration of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Curve Number. Land, 10(5), p.452.
55. Young, K.S. and Pradhanang, S.M., 2021. Small Unmanned Aircraft (sUAS)-Deployed Thermal Infrared (TIR) Imaging for Environmental Surveys with Implications in Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD): Methods, Challenges, and Novel Opportunities. Remote Sensing, 13(7), p.1331.
56. Jahan, K. and Pradhanang, S.M., 2020. Predicting Runoff Chloride Concentrations in Suburban Watersheds Using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Hydrology, 7(4), p.80.
57. Tamanna, M., Pradhanang, S.M., Gold, A.J., Addy, K., Vidon, P.G. and Bingner, R.L., 2020. Evaluation of AnnAGNPS Model for Runoff Simulation on Watersheds from Glaciated Landscape of USA Midwest and Northeast. Water, 12(12), p.3525.
58. Clearing up cloudy waters: a review of sediment impacts to unionid freshwater mussels https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0080 (Jaber)
59. How does increasing impervious surfaces affect urban flooding in response to climate variability? https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106774 (Jaber)
60. Advanced filtration in greywater treatment: a modelling approach with water reuse perspectives https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2020.1828498 (Jaber)
61. Selecting Reliable Models for TMDL https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002102 (Kumar)
62. Margin of Safety in TMDLs: Natural Language Processing-Aided Review https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001889 (Kumar)
63. ASCE-EWRI Manual of Practice for TMDL development (in press) (Kumar)
64. Koudahe, K., Sheshukov, A.Y., Aguilar, J., Djaman, K. (2021) Irrigation-Water Management and Productivity of Cotton: A Review. Sustainability. 131: 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810070
65. Oker, T.E., A.Y. Sheshukov, J. Aguilar, D.H. Rogers, I. Kisekka. (2021) Evaluating Soil Water Redistribution under Mobile Drip Irrigation, Low-Elevation-Spray-Application, and Low-Energy-Precision-Application using HYDRUS. Irrigation and Drainage Science Engineering. 147 (6), 04021016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001553 
66. A.Y. Sheshukov, Gao, J., K.R. Douglas-Mankin, H. Yen. (2021) Observed Data Source used for Bias Correction Introduces Variability and Uncertainty to Downscaled Climate Projections for Hydrologic Modeling. Transactions of the ASABE. 64(2): 203-220. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.14061. 
67. Orozco-Lopez*, E. and R. Muñoz-Carpena, R. 2021. Comparative non-Darcian modelling of subsurface preferential flow experimental observations in a riparian buffer. Trans. ASABE 64(5). doi:10.13031/trans.14559.
68. Vazquez*, K.M, R. Muñoz-Carpena, M.D. Danyluk, A.H. Havelaar. 2021. Parsimonious mechanistic modeling of bacterial runoff to inform food safety management of agricultural water quality. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 87(15): e00596-21. doi:10.1128/AEM.00596-21.
69. Luquin*, E., M.A. Campo-Bescós, R. Muñoz-Carpena, R.L. Bingner, R.M. Cruse, H.G. Momm, R.R. Wells, J.Casalí. 2021. Evaluation of model prediction capacity of ephemeral gully temporal evolution in conservation tillage systems. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 46(10):1909-1925. doi:10.1002/esp.5134
70. Guertault, L. G.A.Fox, D. Heeren, T. Hallihan and R Muñoz-Carpena. 2021. Quantifying the importance of preferential flow in a riparian buffer. Trans. ASABE 64(3):937-947. doi:10.13031/trans.14286.
71. Orozco-López*, R. Muñoz-Carpena, B. Gao and G.A. Fox. 2021. High resolution pore-scale water content measurement in a translucent soil profile from light transmission. Trans. ASABE64(3):949-962.doi:10.13031/trans.14292.
72. Medina M.*, R. Huffaker, R. Muñoz-Carpena and G. Kiker. 2021. An empirical nonlinear dynamics approach to analyzing emergent behavior of agent-based models. AIP Advances11:035133. doi:10.1063/5.0023116
73. Medina*, M., R. Huffaker, J.W. Jawitz, and R. Muñoz-Carpena. 2020. Seasonal dynamics of terrestrially sourced nitrogen influenced Karenia brevis blooms off Florida's southern Gulf Coast. Harmful Algae 98:101900. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101900
74. Mompremier, R.*, Y. Her, G. Hoogenboom, K. Migliaccio, R. Muñoz-Carpena, Z. Brym, R. W. Colbert, and W. Jeune. 2020. Modeling the response of dry bean yield to irrigation water availability controlled by watershed hydrology. Agric. Water Manage. 243:106429. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106429
75. Nelson, N.G.*, R. Muñoz-Carpena, and E. Phlips. 2020. Parameter uncertainty drives important incongruities between simulated chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton functional group dynamics in a mechanistic management model.  Env. Modeling & Soft. 129:104708. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104708.
76. Alonso, A.*, R. Muñoz-Carpena, and D. Kaplan. 2020. Coupling high-resolution water level sensors and MODIS for mapping wetland historical hydroperiod at high temporal frequency. Remote Sensing of Environment 247:111807. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.111807.
77. Moreno-Cadena, L.P.*, G. Hoogenboom, M.J. Fisher, J. Ramirez-Villegas, S.D. Prager, L.A. Becerra Lopez-Lavalle, P. Pypers, M.S. Mejia de Tafur, D. Wallach, R. Muñoz-Carpena, S. Asseng. 2020. Importance of genetic parameters and uncertainty of MANIHOT, a new mechanistic model of cassava. Europ. J. Agronomy 115:126031. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2020.126031
78. Delforge, D.*, R. Muñoz-Carpena, M. Van Camp, M. Vanclooster. 2020. A parsimonious empirical approach to streamflow recession analysis and forecast. Wat. Resour. Res.56(2): e2019WR025771. doi: 10.1029/2019WR025771

Thesis/Dissertation:

1. Radcliff, Cory, "Quantifying the source and pathway of dissolved reactive phosphate in karst drainage of the Inner-Bluegrass" (2021). Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. 81.
2. Nazari, Saeid, "Impact of preferential flow, source water connectivity, and agricultural management practices on sediment and particulate phosphorus dynamics in midwestern tile-drained landscapes" (2021). Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. 82.
3. Nayeb Yazdi, M., 2020. Understanding the role of scale in assessing sediment and nutrient loads from Coastal Plain watersheds delivered to the Chesapeake Bay, Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Tech, p. 181, Advisor: D. Sample.
4. Jahan, K. J., 2021. Effectiveness of Roadside Best Management Practices (BMPs) on Maintaining Stormwater Quality Through Monitoring and Modeling. Doctoral Dissertation submitted to University of Rhode Island (Advisor: S. M. Pradhanang)
5. Tamanna, M, 2021 Optimization of Riparian Zone Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management through the Development of Riparian Model Doctoral. Dissertation submitted to University of Rhode Island (Advisor: S. M. Pradhanang)

Proposals:

1. Impact of Broiler Litter Application Method on Phosphorus Loss in Leachate. AAES Agriculture Research Enhancement and Seed (ARES) funding program. Grant amount $50,000 (PI: Jasmeet Lamba)
2. Understanding Preferential Flow Patterns in No-Till Manured Pastures Using Dye Tracer and X-Ray CT Image Analysis. USGS-AWRRI. Grant amount $5,000 (Co-PI Lamba)
3. Leveraging Machine Learning for Sustainable Water and Nutrient Management Across Agro Climatic Zones. USDA-NIFA. Grant amount $650,000 (Co-PI Lamba)
4. A Transdisciplinary Approach to Secure the Safety of the Food Supply System While Protecting the Environment. USDA-NIFA. Grant amount $10 million. (Co-PI Lamba)
5.  “A coupled natural-human framework for risk assessment of coastal communities from land-use and climate change”, National Academy of Science – Restore, 2020-2023, $1,110,000, (Co-PI Kalin and Kumar).
6.  “Coupling SWAT and WetQual for Improved N, P, and C Processing in Wetland Dominated Agricultural Watersheds”, USDA-NIFA, 2020-2024, $499,932 (PI Kalin).
7.  “Ecohydrology and Watershed Modeling”, US-EPA, 2020-2021, $25,000 (PI Kalin).
8. FACT: Interactive Deep Learning Platform and Multi-source Data Integration for Improved Soil Moisture Forecasting (PI Kumar, Co-PIs: W. Lee, and I. Rangwala). Funded by USDA-NIFA. Total support: $500K, Project period: Sept. 2020 to Aug. 2023.
9. Investigation of soil moisture predictability on sub-seasonal to inter-annual time scales (PI Kumar). Funded by AAES AgrSEED program, Total support $50K; Project period: Oct. 2019 to Sept. 2021.
10. Fox, J., Ford, W., Malzone, J., Armstead, M. GP-GO: The Appalachian SUCCESS Program: Strengthening students classified as Underrepresented in STEM by inspiring Confidence, Curriculum and Enriching Sensing Skillsets.  NSF GP-GO. $314,807.  Role: Co-Investigator. September 2021-August 2024.
11. Ford, W.I.  RII Track-4: Elucidating controls of sediment phosphorus delivery to tile-drains.  NSF-EPSCoR, RII-4, $226,757.  Role: Principal Investigator. January 2021 to December 2022.  
12. Ford, W.I., Fox, J., Sama. M. Impact of regenerative stream design on water and nitrogen budgets at reach to watershed scales. USDA-AFRI, $750,000.  Role: PD. Submitted
13. Messer, T., Ford, W., Bartlet-Hunt Shannon. Implications of Microplastic Contributions from Biosolid Applications to the Nitrogen Cycle in Agroecosystems.  USDA-AFRI, $750,000. Role: Co-PD, Submitted.
14. Easton, Z.M., D.R. Fuka, and R.R. White. Developing and evaluating rapidly deployable inexpensive weather, soil moisture, shock, and streamflow sensors to aid the monitoring, inspection, and rehabilitation of aging dams. USDA-Cooperative Agreement.  $75,000. June 2021-Nov 2021.
15. Easton, Z.M. and D.R. Fuka.  Integrating the SWAT Model into the MINT Framework. DARPA-USC $64,000. June 2021-Nov 2021
16. Collick, A.S., Z.M. Easton, and R. Bryant. UMES Stormwater Management Research Facility: Investigating nutrient and sediment reduction from poultry house stormwater drainage systems. USDA NIFA $399,000. Sept 2020-Aug 2022.
17. Easton, Z.M. A Systematic Review of Chesapeake Bay Climate Change Impacts on Tidal and Near Tidal BMPs. NOAA-CBP $73,400. Dec 2020-Sept 2021.
18. Easton, Z.M. A Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) Watershed Assessment Study: A collaboration between the University of Vermont, Virginia Tech, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Agricultural Research Service. USDA CEAP $123,000. Oct 2020-Sept 2022.
19. Flood Reduction Potential of Urban Forests in Virginia Beach: Development of urban watershed models that improve calculation of evapotranspiration and soil moisture to assess the flood reduction benefits of urban forests in coastal Virginia. Amount: $92,276. PIs: D. Sample, D. McGlauglin, Y. Shao, 1/1/2020-10/31/2022. Sponsor: City of Virginia Beach, The Nature Conservancy.
20. Bluestone River, Mountain Run, and Lewis Creek PCB TMDLs: Data Analysis and Modeling, and TMDL Development Statement of Work, VA Department of Environmental Quality, $649,950, 06/01/2019 - 01/31/2022, PI: B. Benham.
21. TMDL Implementation Plan Development for Buffalo River (Amherst and Nelson Counties) Statement of Work, VA Department of Environmental Quality, $27,155, 07/01/2019 - 10/30/2020, PI: B. Benham.
22. TMDL Implementation Plan Development for McClure River (Dickenson County), VA Department of Environmental Quality, $21,660, 06/01/2019 - 05/31/2020, PI: B. Benham.
23. White, R., D.R. Fuka, E. Feuerbacher, Z.M. Easton. Collaborative Research: CPS: Medium: Greener Pastures: A pasture sanitation cyber physical system for environmental enhancement and animal monitoring. NSF CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems). $998,232. June 2021-May 2024.
24. Designing ESD for Climate Change for Increased Resiliency: Assessing the impact of climate change on hydrology, upland environmental site design (ESD) practices and downstream channel stability. Amount: $107,250. PIs: D. Sample, T.W, Thompson, 7/1/2021-12/31/2022. Sponsor: Chesapeake Bay Trust (thru Tetratech, Inc.)
25. Savage, B., Pradhanang, S. M., Boving, T. Mapping Bedrock and Saltwater Intrusion in Rhode Island, USGS $90,000 (09/2021-08/2022)
26. Kayastha-Pradhanang, S, Kumar, R, and Rashid T, Floating Treatment Wetland System (FTWS) - Sustainable green technology to remediate polluted surface water bodies in the COVID 19-era, Asia-Pacific Network $78,000 (09/2021-08/2023)
27. Pradhanang, S. M., Boving, T., and Savage, B. The Rhode Island Water Resources Board (RIWRB) and University of Rhode Island (URI) Statewide Water Withdrawal Data Enhancement and Database Development Project. RIWRB-USGS 197,488 (10/20-09/22)
28. Pradhanang, S. M., and Boving T., Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): Treatment Optimization Protocol (TOP) Development, RI Department of Health $34,980 (05/20-08/20)
29.  J. Aguilar, A. Sheshukov, B. Golden, L. Haag, D. Devlin. Collaborative Research on Cotton Production in Thermo-limited Regions of the High Plains. Ogallala Aquifer program, USDA-ARS. $300,000.  (09/2020 - 08/2025)
30. T. Moore, A. Sheshukov, L. Shamir, D. Flippo. Integrated data science - mechanistic modeling framework to predict cyanoHABS in contrasting freshwater systems. USGS $249,776 (10/2020-09/2023)
31. T. Franti, A. Sheshukov, T. Cruse, B. Gelder, J. Lory. NRCS Ephemeral Gully Erosion Planning Grant PHASE 2: A Regional Assessment of High-Risk Areas for Ephemeral Gully Formation. USDA-NRCS $344,538 (09/2021-12/2023)

Reports:

1. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25851 (Boyer, Easton, Pradhanang)
2. Easton, Z.M., K., Stephenson, A. Collick, P.M. Fleming, E. Kellner, J. Martin, M. Ribaudo, and G. Shenk. 2020. Increasing Effectiveness and Reducing the Cost of Non-Point Source Best Management Practice Implementation: Is Targeting the Answer? STAC Publication Number 20-002.
3. Sample, D.J., Nayeb Yazdi, M., Wang, X., and Shahed Behrouz, M., 2021. Characterization of Runoff Water Quality, Treatment in Noncomforming Ponds, and Modeling Implications for the City of Virginia Beach, Virginia, Final Report, p. 170.
4. Kline, K., Moneymaker, J., & Benham, B. 2020. A Water Quality Improvement Plan to Reduce Bacterial Contamination and Sediment Loads in Buffalo River located in Amherst County, Virginia.: A Water Quality Improvement Plan to Reduce Bacterial Contamination and Sediment Loads in Buffalo River located in Amherst County, Virginia. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality.
5. Pradhanang, S. M., Boving, T.B, Brown, R and Jahan, K., 2021. Effectiveness of roadside best management practices in managing water quality (submitted to the Rhode Island Department of Transportation).
6. Pradhanang, S. M., Boving, T.B and Panthi, J., Ismail, M., and Shrestha, S., 2020. Assessing Saltwater Intrusion under Extreme Storm Conditions for Coastal Aquifers (submitted to the Rhode Island Housing and Urban Development).

Book Chapters:

1. Pradhanang, S. M. and Jahan*, K., 2021 Urban Water Security for Sustainable Cities in the Context of Climate Change. In Pandey et al. eds Water, Climate Change, and Sustainability, Wiley Publications.
2. Pradhanang, S.M., and Jahan*, K., 2021 Structural Best Management Practices and Watershed Management. In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development: Clean Water and Sanitation.  Springer Publications
3. Pradhanang, S. M., and Tamanna*, M. 2020 Water Management: South Asia. In Wang, Y. ed., 2020. Fresh Water and Watersheds. CRC Press

Conference presentations:

1. Workshop for the Association of Clean Water Administrators on Natural Language Processing for TMDL review (Texas A&M- Kumar)
2. 3-introductory and advanced workshops on watershed/water quality modeling (Texas A&M- Srini
3. 25 Stream restoration and green stormwater infrastructure workshops (Texas A&M- Jaber)
4. Kmetz, J., Aiken, R., Young, K., Pradhanang, S.M.  Allen, L.,2021. Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) resolved at high resolutions in Rhode Island Coastal Estuaries, Ninigret and Green Hill Ponds, using small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) deployed Thermal Infrared (TIR) imaging, UCOWR, NWRI June 10, 2021 
5. Young, K., Pradhanang, S.M.,  Kmetz, J.,  Aiken,R.,  Allen, L., 2021, Analysis of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) temporal dynamics in Northern Ninigret Pond, Coastal Rhode Island using Radon-222 and small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) deployed Thermal Infrared (TIR) imaging, UCOWR, NWRI June 10, 2021 
6. Young, K., Pradhanang, S.M., 2021.Small Unmanned Aircraft (sUAS) deployed thermal infrared (TIR) imaging for environmental surveys with implications in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD): methods, challenges, and novel opportunities. UCOWR, NWRI June 10, 2021
7. Pradhanang, S.M., Campbell, A. and Kouhi, S., 2020, December. Streamflow High Spells Analysis to Evaluate Flood Risks and Severity. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2020, pp. GC084-0005).
8. Pradhanang, S. M., Meisinger, E., Kirby, K., and Kmetz, J., 2020. Water Treatment Innovation Using Floating Wetland Islands, North American Lake Management Society, November 18, 2020.