Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

MINUTES OF THE 2020 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE W4147 WORKGROUP

Meeting Organizers: Tim Paulitz (WSU) and Maren Friesen (WSU)

Location: Virtual Zoom meeting because of the COVID-19 pandemic

Date and Time: December 4, 2020, 8:00am to 1:00pm Pacific Time

Meeting Chair: Tim Paulitz (WSU)

Meeting Secretary: James Borneman (UCR)

ADMINISTRATOR ADDRESSES

Amer Fayad: USDA NIFA Administrator of the W4147 Workgroup introduced himself to the group.

• James Borneman suggested that NIFA bring back the Biologically Based Pest Management Program given the emphasis on sustainability.

Scot Hulbert: Local (WSU) Administrator for W4147 Workgroup. Scot told the group that W4147 is an easy group to administer because people are interested in each other's work, we have interesting and productive meetings, and we write clear reports and submit them on time. Scot also mentioned that WSU will have a job opening for an endowed chair of soil health and sustainable cropping systems for potato disease management. 

PRESENTATIONS BY WORKGROUP MEMBERS

Jenifer McBeath: Alaska - Jenifer described a project examining the microbiome in relation to peony production. Jenifer isolated cold tolerant bacteria focusing on Bacillus and testing them for antagonism against peony pathogens in vitro. None had the broad efficacy of Trichoderma atroviride (Plant Helper). Jenifer suggested some of these Bacillus strains might be useful in combination with Trichoderma atroviride where the bacteria could provide near-term control and the fungus could provide long-term control.

James Borneman: California-Riverside - James described new findings from a long-term collaborative project with Ole Becker. These findings included the determination that Dactylella oviparasitica - a fungus that can control nematode populations - was the most abundant fungus associated with nematode females from two different regions of California.

Ole Becker: California-Riverside - As part of the Borneman presentation, Ole described the history of nematicide use and nematode-associated disease along California's central coast with cole crops. Ole also stated that it appears that soils suppressing the sugarbeet cyst nematode have developed in this region, which is consistent with the finding described by Borneman showing that Dactylella oviparasitica was the most abundant fungus found in nematode females.

Antoon Ploeg: California-Riverside - Antoon described the population dynamics of a new nematode in California - the peach root-knot nematode - on sweet potatoes. Antoon showed that some of the currently used root-knot nematode resistant cultivars of sweet potatoes were not resistant to this new nematode, presenting a potential problem for sweet potato production in California.

Emma Gachomo: California-Riverside - Emma described the efficacies of several commercial bio-fungicides and Ridomil for carrot cavity spot - which is caused by several Pythium species. Some of the products were effective using in vitro assays and some were effective using greenhouse assays, but the results from the two types of experiments were not always consistent.

Johan Leveau: California-Davis - Johan described Collimonas and Serenade Soil (Bacillus) experiments to control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Either organism by itself was not effective but combined they were effective. Transposon mutagenesis identified some metabolites that are likely involved in the pathogen suppression. Johan expressed an interest in working with others in the group that work with Bacillus biocontrol agents including Jenifer McBeath and Emma Gachomo, who were also interested in these potential collaborations.

Gretchen Sassenrath: Kansas - Gretchen described her work examining corn-winter wheat- soybean rotation and production, and the management of pathogens including Fusarium and the soybean cyst nematode. Gretchen's microbiome work showed that till vs. no-till was associated with changes in the soil microbiome.

Jay Hao: Maine - Jay described his projects related to potato blackleg, which is caused by several pathogens but primarily Dickeya dianthicola. Jay described his experiments to determine the origins of this pathogen and he showed a phylogenic tree of isolates from across the planet. Jay also described some of the other pathogens that cause potato blackleg, and his role in the Soil Health Potato Production Group.

Sarah Pethybridge: New York - Sarah described her work to manage white mold of processing snap beans, which is currently managed by prophylactic fungicide applications. With the goal of reducing fungicide use, Sarah described experiments that determined that canopy openness, soil moisture, and some soil hydrology groups were good predictors of white mold related disease.

Tessie Wilkerson: Mississippi - Tessie described her experiments that examined reniform nematode management for cotton. Tessie showed that some nematicide treatments reduced nematode populations and some nematode-resistant cultivars of cotton produced higher yields.

Anissa Poleatewich: New Hampshire - Anissa described her work examining new wood fiber products as components of potting mixes. Anissa showed that the type of wood fiber did not affect disease levels but that amounts of the wood fiber did affect disease levels. Anissa also described her work comparing natural and synthetic hydroponic nutrient sources.

James White: New Jersey - James described his work examining the rhizophagy cycle (root eating endophytic bacteria) where endophytic bacteria enter roots, lose their cell walls to become protoplasts (l-forms), which then stimulate root hair elongation, and then eventually are expulsed from the roots completing the cycle. James believes many endophytes likely become protoplasts when inside the plant.

Kenneth Frost: Oregon - Kenneth described his work with the Potato Soil Health Project. Kenneth showed that cropping system was a major factor affecting bacterial beta diversity. Kenneth also presented results showing that Pseudomonas and Domibacillus increased following fumigation, and he suggested that this may be due to their ability to degrade the fumigant.

Ryan Graebner: Oregon - Ryan described his work involving Cereal Variety Trials. Ryan is interested in determining how cereal varieties affect the soil and rhizosphere microbiome as well as plant productivity.

Bode Olukolu: Tennessee - Bode described the use of Quantitative Reduced Representation Sequencing (qRRS) to understand microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions involved in plant disease. Bode studies diseases of sweet potato and maize. Bode has also written code to create an efficient pipeline for this method. Bode described how his method is ligation free and PCR free, and that it captures all types of organisms including viruses, and that it produces very high- quality barcode and sequencing reads, and that it is less expensive than amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics.

Tim Paulitz: Washington - Tim describe some of the results from an 8-year study examining the temporal dynamics of microbes associated with wheat monoculture. Bulk soil, rhizosphere and endophytes were examined. Tim showed that there were large differences in bacterial beta diversity between dry and irrigated systems. There were also considerable differences in bacteria among bulk soil, rhizosphere and endophytes. Tim also showed that specific taxa fluctuated seasonally and that some taxa decrease or increase over the 8-year study.

Maren Friesen: Washington - Maren described several projects that examined microbial- mediated plant traits. In a project examining rhizosphere bacteria and nitrogen transformations, she showed that fertilization had only weak effects on bacterial communities. Maren is also examining how root exudates under high and low nitrogen affect rhizosphere microbiome. This work has identified associations between specific bacteria and plant traits in relation to nitrogen inputs.

Objective 1 To identify and characterize new biological agents, microbial community structure and function, naturally suppressive soils, cultural practices, and organic amendments that provide management of diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens.

CA- Our project attempted to clarify if the diminished pesticide need to control sugar beet cyst nematode with soil fumigant l,3-dichloropropene (1,3D) was caused by a change in the establishment of an antagonistic microbiome. We conducted a sampling survey of 88 broccoli fields along the Central California coast that found Heterodera cysts in only about one-third of the locations. The cyst nematode population density averaged only 3.2 eggs/cm³ soil, far less than an estimated damaging threshold. In greenhouse trial, several of the collected field soil samples were significantly suppressive to the H. schachtii population build-up. The most abundant fungi associated with females of the sugar beet cyst nematode belonged to members of the Hyalorbilia oviparasitica clade (Chen et al., 2020). The detection of those fungi was considerably improved by developing a sensitive baiting technique (Witte et al., 2020). Related to these findings, our strain H. multiguttulata DoUCR50 (formerly Dactylella oviparasitica DoUCR50) parasitized 100% of eggs from 3-week-old H. schachtii females and 75% from 4-week-old females. Eggs within 5-week-old females were resistant to parasitism, and hatch of J2 was unaffected by exposure to DoUCR50 (Smith Becker et al., 2020). Apparently only young, undifferentiated eggs of H. schachtii were susceptible to DoUCR50 parasitism. It explains why previous attempts to bait the fungus with H. schachtii eggs were often unsuccessful.

CA- The contribution of Lab Leveau to the project continues to have its basis in the discovery, characterization and application of bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas, their antifungal properties, and their ability to work synergistically with Bacillus bacteria to protect plants from soilborne fungal pathogens (Doan et al, 2020). Long-term goal is a Collimonas-based or -fortified biocontrol product. This past year, we published our findings on two studies: one that demonstrated a role for the Collimonas-produced compound collimomycin in inhibiting not only hyphal growth but also spore germination (Mosquera et al, 2020) and another study that uncovered the genes underlying the antifungal activity in the California isolate Collimonas arenae Cal35 and the Collimonas-Bacillus synergistic suppression of Fusarium wilt on greenhouse- and field-grown tomato plant (Akum et al, 2020).

CA- We used probit regression models to show that there was a strong relationship between pre-planting population levels of the fungus Dactylella oviparasitica in sugar beet soils in the Imperial Valley (CA) and post-planting levels of the nematode Heterodera schachtii. We expect that this will lead to the development of new cropping decision models that will enable growers to create and maintain soils that suppress H. schachtii, which we anticipate will lead to higher crop yields and profitability for the growers.

CA- Our recent analyses of 25 sugar beet field soils from the Imperial Valley (CA) showed that the most abundant fungus associated with H. schachtii females was Dactylella oviparasitica, which is now called Hyalorbilia oviparasitica, and which forms a clade we call the Hyalorbilia oviparasitica clade. This study also showed that the population densities of these fungi increase by approximately 10,000-fold over one nematode generation (~4 weeks), which likely contributes to its ability to create nematode suppressive soils. This work is described in Witte et al. (2020) – see Publication Section.

CA- We also currently performing experiments to determine why some citrus trees in Florida do not decline rapidly (Survivor Tree Phenotype) due to Huanglongbing. Our research to date shows that soil bacteria and fungi appear to correlate best with this Survivor Tree Phenotype, including some that are putatively beneficial and some that are putatively exacerbating Huanglongbing disease. This work is described in Ginnan et al. (2020) – see Publication Section. As part of this project, we created a metabolic model of the HLB-associated pathogen. This work is described in Zuniga et al. (2020) – see Publication Section.

KS- Soil nutrient and soil microbial activity differences were measured from replicated field trials in production fields and research fields. Soils with and without cover crops were compared in tilled and no-till fields for soil microbiological activity. Soil microbes were found to be twice as active in no-till fields than in tilled fields. Differences in soil microbial properties between cover crops were also observed.

ME- Trials were established to examine soil biochemistry and microbial communities in improving soil health for better potato production. This 4-year project will greatly broaden the knowledge of potato cropping systems in Maine. Microbial associations with blackleg and soft rot disease of potato were examined. This helps researchers to understand how the outbreak of the bacterial disease occurred in order to find a better solution in disease control. A trial to examine soil fumigation on nematodes and Verticillium control was also deployed.

MS- Collaborations with neighboring southern states have led to the discovery and confirmation of a pathogen which is new to soybean, Xylaria sp. causing tap root decline of soybean. Research efforts have further characterized this organism in Mississippi soybean fields and has determined to be distributed in the majority of the counties across the state. Experiments have led to determination of soybean varieties either exhibiting resistance or tolerance to the pathogen and management strategies such as seed treatment or in-furrow applications exhibiting activity at controlling the effects of the pathogen. Data from 2018-2020 suggest some commercial products applied in-furrow at planting are effective at reducing the signs of tap root decline, however, additional work is needed to support these findings. To support efforts associated with varietal resistance, field experiments using the complete Mississippi State Soybean Variety Trial seed were initiated in 2019 and will be on-going in 2021 to determine natural resistance to the Xylaria sp. and to determine yield differences under disease pressure. Research projects involving reniform nematode management are on-going and will continue to look at management strategies including crop rotation, varietal resistance and seed treatment combinations to manage losses associated with nematode infested fields.

NH- Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of differently processed wood fiber-peat blends on R. solani disease severity. We tested the types of wood fiber blended with peat (70:30 peat:wood) compared to a peat control. After completing this study, we found a slight effect of wood fiber type on damping-off severity with less disease in plants grown in disc-refined and hammer-milled woof fiber blends compared to the peat control. Overall, we concluded that disease severity was similar across treatments. These data provide evidence that wood fiber-based substrate blends do not increase disease severity which is very useful information for growers to know when making decisions about incorporating wood fiber into their potting mixes

NY- Pethybridge Lab: Cercospora beticola-specific PCR assay development to enable soil detection. Cercospora beticola causes Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) on sugar beet and table beet. Accurate identification of this pathogen is critical to disease diagnosis and effective research outcomes for improved management. Several PCR assays have been described for identifying C. beticola; however, the specificity has either not been adequately tested or cross-reactions with related Cercospora species have occurred. This study describes the development and subsequent assessment of conventional and quantitative PCR assays specific for detection of C. beticola. Assay specificity was confirmed across a broad range of Cercospora and other common fungal species using public DNA sequence databases and PCR. A conventional PCR assay was designed with fast PCR conditions and completed in under 40 min. The quantitative PCR assay detected 0.001–10 ng of C. beticola DNA. The effectiveness of the quantitative PCR assay to detect C. beticola DNA in diseased leaf tissue and diseased leaf tissue mixed with soil was also demonstrated. These assays provide an improved method for specific identification and quantification of C. beticola, and a valuable tool for enhancing studies into the biology of C. beticola and epidemiology of CLS.

OR– Soil microbiome variation in PNW potato cropping systems. We characterized the soil microbiome as a function of cropping system and crop rotations used in the PNW US and examined the response of the microbiome in soils originating from diverse crop management histories to perturbation by metam sodium (MS). We found that α-diversity of soil microbial communities was not influenced by cropping system, crop rotation, or soil pH. However, cropping system, potato rotation intensity, and crop diversity influenced the soil microbial community structure. Following perturbation with MS, α-diversity of the bacterial community generally decreased but varied interactively as a function of cropping system, soil sampling depth, and time and α-diversity of the fungal community varied as a function of time and cropping system. MS application resulted in the enrichment of multiple bacterial taxa in soils regularly amended with mustard green maures and bacterial genera with members known to degrade MS were observed in increased abundance in soils originating from organic cropping systems.

TX- We are in the process of dissecting the output of transcriptomic data sets from the interaction of three strains of the plant beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens with roots of three different lines of maize. The analyses of the data sets were based on three approaches: the traditional “rack and stack” of differentially regulated genes under different comparisons of strains and lines, a computational network analysis over time, and two methods of cluster analysis. The goal was to identify genes that would be involved in root colonization and induced systemic resistance. These approaches have identified several genes that when tested in a reverse genetic approach are involved in the mentioned processes. These genes include those encoding hydrophobins, gluconolactonase, extracellular matrix proteins, GTPase Rho3, several putative elicitors, and salicylic acid monooxygenase. Clearly, these processes of root colonization and signaling and induction of host defense responses are complex and influenced by multiple genes.

VA- We identified a Burkholderia strain (SSG) that is effective against a broad spectrum of plant pathogens from fungi, oomycetes and baceria while also acting as an effective biofertizer for boxwood. We also identified a strain of Pseudomonas protegens that is effective again both boxwood blight and Phytophthora blight of annual vinca.

WA- Wheat has a core microbiome. Plant roots exude carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients that support a microbial community on the root surface, much like the gut microbiome in humans. Is there a finite set of core microbes on wheat roots present across a wide range of environments? ARS scientists in Pullman, Washington, sampled wheat roots across a range of precipitation zones in eastern Washington. A core set of bacteria and fungi were found in over 95 percent of rhizosphere or bulk soil samples. The most abundant core bacteria in the wheat rhizosphere were members of Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonadaceae, Massilia, Variovorax, Oxalobacteraceae, and Caulobacteraceae. These bacteria may play a critical role in plant health and provide an indicator of soil health for wheat growers.

WA- Relationship between microbial communities and wheat yield. Soil heath has been recognized as an important goal for growers, but little is known about which specific microbial communities may be indicators of a healthy soil. We initiated studies on bacterial and fungal microbiomes and soil and plant health, at the Cook Farm LTAR, sampling over 160 sites. We showed a significant difference in fungal communities between no-till and conventional cropping system. Certain families such as Chaetomiaceae and Sordariaceae displayed positive correlations with relative yields, while Glomeraceae and Phaeosphaeriaceae displayed negative relationships. This is the first work to identify fungal communities associated with wheat higher yield, and can lead to hypothesis driven research to move beyond simple correlation to causation- how these bacteria increase plant health.

WA- Microbiome-mediated crop rotational effects. Farmers often rotate legumes and oilseeds to enhance the health of their soils, suppress disease, and enhance soil fertility. However, the degree to which these benefits are due to shifts in the microbiome, and whether the genotype of the rotational crop impact this, is largely unknown. In partnership with the cool-season legume breeders (chickpea and winter pea) and WSU faculty working on canola, we sampled the microbiomes of dozens of rotational crop genotypes and are in the process of sequencing these. We will use drone imaging combined with ground-truthing measurements to determine how these differences translate into the growth and disease of the following wheat crop. This information will provide a potential new breeding target that would enhance the sustainability and efficiency of cropping systems through beneficial shifts in the belowground microbiome.

Objective 2 To understand how microbial populations and microbial gene expression are regulated by the biological (plants and microbes) and physical environment and how they influence disease.

NH- We wanted to further explore the effect of growing substrate on suppression of plant disease by beneficial soil microbes. Wood fiber substrates are increasing in popularity with U.S. greenhouse growers, but more information is needed to establish best-use practices for growers. Little is known about the effects of wood fiber on beneficial microbes and their disease suppressive activities. Based on the methods developed by our industry collaborator M. Krause (Lallemond Plant Care), a growth chamber assay was developed in which R. solani inoculum was incorporated into the substrate. Radish seeds were then sown into the substrate, incubated for 7 days and damping-off severity evaluated. Now that we have a reliable bioassay, we will begin to evaluate biopesticide performance against root disease of plants grown in differently processed wood fiber-peat blends. Our study is the first to document the efficacy of biopesticides in peat-wood fiber blends will benefit growers regionally and nationally through the dissemination of best practices on biopesticides in wood-based substrates.

NY- Smart Lab: Change in a Phytophthora capsici population over time. To identify control strategies, it is important to know how a pathogen population in a field is changing over time. Sexual, endemic populations of the heterothallic Phytophthora capsici continue to devastate vegetable crops in the northeast. In continuing studies, we are following a biparental population of P. capsici that was established in a research field in Geneva NY in 2008. We are using roughly 8,000 SNPs to follow changes in the population. One area we are currently focusing on is the change in the percentage of A1 vs A2 mating type isolates over time. While recovered isolates were roughly 50% each mating type for the first 7 years, and since that time the number of A2 mating type isolate has increased – this increase is not due to many individuals within the same clonal lineage as the data were clone-corrected. 

OR– Tare soil effects on the potato rhizosphere microbiome. Potato is vegetatively propagated and seed tubers are planted with their tare soil from their field of origin. Tare soil harbors both pathogenic and beneficial microbes, but how tare soil influences the rhizosphere microbiome is not well known. We experimentally tested our hypothesis that tare soil influences rhizosphere microbiome composition in a greenhouse experiment. We found that fungal rhizosphere communities were more similar to tare soil microbial communities of seed tubers from the same seed lot than those from differing seed lots. Bulk soil origin, the soil in which the tuber was planted, explained the greatest amount of variation in the rhizosphere microbiome 

WA- Molecular communication in the wheat rhizosphere. Plant roots secrete exudates that sustain and mediate communication with their rhizosphere microbiome, but the biochemical basis of these processes in cereals is poorly understood. ARS scientists, with collaborators at Southern Mississippi University, identified amino acids and compatible solutes in exudates of the wheat cultivar Louise, which supports increased production on roots of the antifungal metabolite phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. These exudate compounds, and the technology developed to recover and analyze them, are important because they can help to explain why cultivars of wheat such as Louise support colonization by phenazine-producing strains that protect wheat from fungal pathogens in the semiarid farming regions of the Pacific Northwest.

WA- Nitrogen shifts root exudate profiles and interactions with free-living nitrogen fixers in switchgrass. In collaboration with scientists at Michigan State University and the Pacific Northwest National Labs, we analyzed root exudates of young switchgrass seedlings in sterile systems. We found that the addition of mineral fertilizer increases the overall amount of exudation and also shifts the composition of root exudates from organic acids to sugars. Inoculation with Azotobacter altered the level of allantoin, betaine, and valine but these effects depended upon the nitrogen treatment. Overall this work highlights potential mechanisms by which switchgrass, and possibly other grasses, recruit their rhizosphere microbiome and also indicates potential metabolites that are important in interactions with free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria. This knowledge could ultimately enhance the sustainability of multiple crops.

Objective 3 Implement sustainable management strategies for soilborne pathogens that are biologically based and are compatible with soil health management practices.

KS- Replicated cover crop plots were established in farmers’ fields and in research plots. Winter cover crops planted in the fall included grasses (wheat, rye grass, spring oats, winter oats) brassicas (purple top turnip and radish), and a commercial cover crop mix. Soil health and nutrient measurements were made in these plots in comparison to fallow plots. Fields included tilled and no-till plots. Cash crop performance was measured in the following planting season. Summer cover crops were established in 10 production fields. Soil nutrient and microbial activities were determined in these fields. Comparison of soil parameters (health and nutrient status) will be compared with crop performance. 

NY- Pethybridge Lab: Efficacy of fungicides for Rhizoctonia damping off control in table beet, 2020. This greenhouse experiment was conducted at Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, New York.. No significant differences were observed in damping off between Quadris, the current industry standard for R. solani control in table beet, and other treatments also applied at 1 DAP. Aprovia, Quadris, and Cannonball provided similar reductions in damping off at 41 DAP. Elatus (chemically equivalent to Quadris + Aprovia) did not lead to improved disease control. Application timing affected the incidence of damping off between treatments, but differences were not significant until 41 DAP. Damping off was highest in plots that did not receive a fungicide application at 1 DAP, averaging 10.4% compared to 4.8% for plots receiving fungicides on both occasions. Post-emergence applications (18 DAP) resulted in 68% and 533% more damping off in plots treated with Quadris and Elatus, respectively, than when applied at 1 DAP. The incidence of damping off in plots treated with Orondis Gold was not significantly different from the nontreated control plots. Average root lesion incidence varied from 32.8 to 66% and was not significantly different across treatments. There were no visible differences in phytotoxicity or other concerns.

OR– Effects of rotation, soil amendment, and fumigation on potato early dying and the soil microbial community. Enhancing soil health in potato cropping systems is difficult because of the soil disturbance that occurs during potato planting and harvest and the current reliance on fumigation to control diseases. Two four-year crop rotation studies were established in 2019 to examine how management practices including crop rotation with traditional fumigation, mustard biofumigant crop, dairy compost amendment, and a mustard biofumigant crop combined with a dairy compost amendment influence the soil abiotic and biotic properties, pathogen inoculum densities, and plant health and productivity.

Objective 4. Provide outreach, education, extension and technology transfer to our clients and stakeholders- growers, biocontrol industry, graduate and undergraduate students, K-12 students and other scientists.

CA- James Borneman gave presentations to undergraduate and graduate students in his two Microbiomes courses (MCBL 126 & MCBL 226). These presentations covered biological suppression of plant parasitic nematodes as well as root microbes that may inhibit or exacerbate Huanglongbing disease of citrus. James Borneman is a senior editor for the journal, Phytobiomes and PhytoFrontiers.

KS- Because of restrictions in face-to-face extension meetings, most meetings with producers were conducted by phone or video, or at most one-on-one. No large producer extension outreach meetings were permitted. Regular discussions and presentation of results were conducted with the cooperating producers. On-site farm visits were made to discuss disease problems identified in production fields. Two virtual presentations on wheat production, including wheat disease identification, variety selection for resistant cultivars, and disease management, were held.

ME- Trained 4 graduate and 1 undergraduate students. One M.S student has graduated.
Published 3 papers on peer-reviewed journals and 10 conference abstracts. Attended 3 academic conferences and gave 10 presentations. Presented at two field days, and 2 grower’s meetings. Conducted 8 field trials including studying soil microbiomes associated with soil health, disease control by applications of chemicals on soil, seed and foliage, and varietal test of potato for resistance screening. Attended monthly online extension meetings via Zoom platform and exchange with growers on any important issues in production as well as research updates.

MS- Participated in local educational opportunities 2018-2020. The primary focus of the "Pathways to Possibilities" event was to instill ideas for the future into middle school students in a fairly rural community. Washington County MS education outreach to Public and Private secondary school students • Entitled "Pathways to Possibilities" February 19-20, 2020 • Booths set up at "career fair" to showcase careers to area 8th grade students • 41 area schools both public and private • 2390 students • Demonstration including crop plants, fungal cultures, microscopes set up for observation. Coordination with American Phytopathology Society Foundation provided handouts, educational games ("What nematode Am I?") and stickers to handout to participants to promote the study of plant pathology. Presentations at professional meetings and field tours have provided information to colleagues, students, and growers on current issues surrounding soil pathogens such as Xylaria sp. (tap root decline of soybean). Seminar entitled "Root Diseases: What Lies beneath" for EPP1001 first year seminar class-Mississippi State University November 3, 2020

NH- Project updates were presented to growers at the Tri-State Greenhouse IPM workshops held in Durham NH in January of 2020. Research results were also disseminated to other researchers via a peer reviewed publication in the journal Hort Technology. Highlights of the research article were featured in a UNH press release designed to reach the general public for the purpose of enhancing public understanding of our work. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic we were unable to engage in training undergraduates as part of this project in 2020.

NY- Pethybridge Lab - 2020
Outreach activities on sustainable disease management.
In 2018, Pethybridge gave 18 extension/outreach presentations on soilborne disease management to the broadacre vegetable industry stakeholders and growers. These presentations were predominantly meetings organized by Cornell Cooperative Extension throughout NY.
Undergraduate research experience
Because of COVID, we did not have our summer undergraduate research experience program in 2020.

NY- Smart lab - 2020
Disease management strategies for Phytophthora capsici
In 2020, Smart gave 14 talks to growers, extension educators and industry representatives including pathogen biology and disease management of Phytophthora blight and other pathogens. She also was part of a 60 minute podcast ‘Phytophthora phoughts’ in August.
Undergraduate research experience.
Because of COVID, we did not have our summer undergraduate research experience program in 2020. Outreach to K-12 students.
Because of COVID, we did not have our K-12 outreach program in 2020

OR (Frost) – Advised four postdoctoral researchers, two faculty research assistants, one technician, three graduate students, and two undergraduate students. Since 2019 we have published six refereed papers, nine extension documents, and seven abstracts on topics related to soil health and soilborne disease. Information has been disseminated to clientele within the region through talks at 11 grower education events and five field days, and to scientific peers via two oral and seven poster presentations. Information has also been extended to the public through newspaper and trade magazine articles. Provided plant disease diagnostic services via the Pathology Diagnostic Clinic at the HAREC to Oregon, southeastern Washington, Idaho, and other crop production regions in the U.S. Organized soil health at the 2020 Hermiston Farm Fair Grower education event. Editorial positions currently held include Senior Editor and Editor for the APS Journals Plant Disease and Phytofrontiers, respectively.

VA- Co-organized and-moderated the Second Boxwood Blight Workshop held at the USDA ARS Headquarter - George Washington CArver Center in Beltsville, MD on February 20, 2020 with an option to attend via WebEx. This workshop Report Date 01/26/2021 Page 1 of 4 United States Department of Agriculture Progress Report Accession No. 1017519 Project No. VA-136347 Multistate No. W4147 attracted a large attendence including regulatory officials and inspectors, diagnosticians, extension specialists and agents from 26 of the 28 affected states plus North Dakota not known to have this disease then, plus leaders of AmericanHort - a national trade organization with nearly 16,000 members, and also American Landscaper's Association and some major boxwood growers. I also helped organize and presented at the Third International Summit on Boxwood Challenges held in the National Agricultural Library in Beltsville, MD on February 19. Additionally, I disseminated the latest news and research on boxwood blight 21 times to over 280 key stakeholders and groups on ten Google groups that I have created for expedited outreach.

WA- Paulitz served as lead organizer of the 66th Conference on Soilborne Plant Pathogens, San Luis Obispo, CA, March 25-27, 2020. Meeting was canceled because of COVID. He worked with a Moroccan collaborator to be awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to visit his lab in 2020, which was postponed until 2021 because of COVID. He collaborated on numerous manuscripts and continued a long collaboration with CIMMYT in Turkey. He is authoring a Pythium Protocol project, an on-line publication of the American Phytopathological Society Press. He is section editor of the Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. He is active in the national Long Term Agriculture Research Site program with ARS. Presented in a webinar to National Program for Soil Biology 212 in May 2020. He organized the Fall, 2020 Seminar course for Department of Plant Pathology, WSU. He serves on the thesis committees of 6 PhD and MSc students, and was primary supervisor of one MSc Applied student who graduated in 2020. He supervises 2 postdoctoral researchers. He gave numerous grower presentations, covered in Publications.

WA- Friesen presented at the WSU Farmer's Network workshop in Jan 2020. She also led three soil health co-innovation sessions in Feb and March, two in-person and one that was moved online due to COVID. Friesen collaborated on multiple manuscripts, including an article published in the Annual Review of Phytopathology on social evolution in bacterial plant pathogens. She taught the Fall 2020 course in Phytobacteriology at WSU with 13 graduate students as well as co-taught the Molecular Plant Science Fall 2020 Advanced Topics course, which has its emphasis on understanding the evolutionary and genomic basis of mechanisms of crosstalk between plant-pathogen and plant-mutualist interactions. She supervised four postdoctoral researchers, two PhD students, and 1 MSc student and serves on the thesis committees of 5 PhD and 1 MSc student.

Peer reviewed

Akum, F.N., R. Kumar, G. Lai, C.H. Williams, H.K. Doan, and J.H.J. Leveau (2020) Identification of Collimonas gene loci involved in the biosynthesis of a diffusible secondary metabolite with broad-spectrum antifungal activity and plant-protective properties. Microbial Biotechnology, in press.

Aloqaili, F., Good, S., Frost, K., and Higgins, C. 202X. Differences in soil evaporation between row and inter-row positions in furrowed agricultural fields. Vadose Zone Journal (in press).
Barnett, SE, Cala, AR, Hansen, JL, Crawford, J, Viands, DR, Smart, LB, Smart, CD, Buckley, DH (2020) Evaluating the microbiome of hemp. Phytobiomes 4:351-363 https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-06-20-0046-R

Basaid, K., Cheblia, B., Mayad, E., Furze, J.N., Bouharroud, R., Krierd, F., Barakate, M., Paulitz, T.C. 2020. Biological activities of essential oils and lipopeptides applied to control plant pests and diseases: A review. International Journal of Pest Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2019.1707327.

Blacutt A, Ginnan N, Dang T, Bodaghi S, Vidalakis G, Ruegger P, Peacock B, Viravathana P, Vieira FC, Drozd C, Jablonska B, Borneman J, McCollum G, Cordoza J, Meloch J, Berry V, Salazar LL, Maloney KN, Rolshausen PE, Roper MC. 2020. An In Vitro Pipeline for Screening and Selection of Citrus-Associated Microbiota with Potential Anti-"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" Properties. Appl Environ Microbiol. 86:e02883-19.

Brazil, J., Rivedal, H., and Frost, K.E. 2020. First report of Pectobacterium parmentieri causing soft rot of potato in Oregon. Plant Disease Note 104:1535.
Carter, A.H., Allan, R.E., Balow, K., Burke, A., Chen, X., Engle, D.A., Garland Campbell, K.A., Hagemeyer, K., Morris, C.F., Murray, T., Paulitz, T.C., Shelton, G. 2020. Impact of wheat cultivar Madsen on Pacific Northwest wheat and beyond. Journal of Plant Registrations. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20049.

Chen Y-Y, Koike ST, Logan GD, Drozd C, De Oliveira Silva J, Colindres NB, Peacock BB, Smith Becker J, Loffredo A, Wu H, Ruegger PM, Becker JO, Borneman J. 2020. Detection of Nematophagous Fungi from Heterodera schachtii Females Using a Baiting Experiment with Soils Cropped to Brassica species from California’s Central Coast. PhytoFrontiers: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTOFR-07-20-0009-R

Chen, H., Li, C. J., & White, J. F. 2020. First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot on oat (Avena sativa) in China. Plant Disease, 104(5). https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1692-PDN.

Chen, Q., Meyer, W. A., Zhang, Q., & White, J. F. 2020. 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community associated with turf grass seeds from low moisture and high moisture climates. PeerJ, 8, e8417. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8417

Chen, Y.-Y., Koike, S.T., Logan, G.D., Drozd, C., De Oliveira Silva, J., Smith Becker, J., Loffredo, A., Wu, H., Ruegger, P.M., Becker, J.O., and Borneman, J. 2020. Detection of nematophagous fungi from Heterodera schachtii females using a baiting experiment with soils cropped to Brassica species from California’s central coast. PhytoFrontiers 1. DOI:10.1094/PHYTOFR-07-20-0009-R.

Chen, Z., Jin, Y., Yao, X., Chen, T., Wei, X., Li., C., White, J., Nan, Z. 2020. Fungal Endophyte Improves Survival of Lolium perennein Low Fertility Soils by Increasing Root Growth, Metabolic Activity and Absorption of Nutrients. Plant Soil 452, 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04556-7.

Cheng, X, X. Man, Z. Wang, L. Liang, F. Zhang, Z. Wang, P. Liu, B. Lei, J. Hao, X. Liu. Fungicide SYP-14288 Inducing multi-drug resistance in Rhizoctonia solani. Plant Disease 104: 2563-2570. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-20-0048-RE.

Crowell, CR, Bekauri, MM, Cala, AR, McMullen P, Smart, LB and Smart, CD. (2020) Differential susceptibility of diverse Salix spp. to Melampsora americana and Melampsora paradoxa. Plant Disease 104:2949-2957 https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0718-RE

Crutcher, F.K., Moran-Diez, M.E., Krieger, I.V., and Kenerley, C.M. 1999. Effects on hyphal morphology and development by the putative copper radical oxidase glx in Trichoderma virens suggest a novel role as a cell wall associated enzyme. Fungal Genetics & Biology. 131, Article Number 103245.

Dababat, A., Duman, N., Ozer, G., Mokrini, F., Imren, M., Paulitz, T.C. 2020. Genetic and pathogenic variation in Heterodera latipons populations from Turkey. Journal of Nematology. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10029.

Damtew, E, van Mierlo, B, Lie, R, Struik, P, Leeuwis, C, Lemaga, B, and Smart, C. (2020) Governing a collective bad: Social learning in the management of crop diseases. Systemic Practice and Action Research 33:111-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-019-09518-4

Doan, H.K., N.N. Maharaj, K.N. Kelly, E.M. Miyao, R.M. Davis, and J.H.J. Leveau (2020) Antimycotal activity of Collimonas isolates and synergy-based biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Phytobiomes Journal 4:64-74 https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-05-19-0027-R
DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12962.

Dundore-Arias, J.P., Eloe-Fadrosh, E.A., Schriml, L.M., Beattie, G.A., Brennan, F.P., Busby, P.E., Calderon, R.B., Castle, S.C., Emerson, J.B., Everhart, S.E., Eversole, K., Frost, K.E., Herr, J.R., Huerta, A.I., Iyer-Pascuzzi, A.K., Kalil, A.K., Leach, J.E., Leonard, J., Maul, J.E., Prithiviraj, B., Portrykus, M. Redekar, N.R., Rojas, J.A., Silverstein, K.A.T., Tomso, D.J., Tringe, S.G., Vinatzer, B.A., and Kinkel L.L. 2020. Community-driven metadata standards for agricultural microbiome research. Phytobiomes https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-09-19-0051-P.
Friesen ML. 2020. Social evolution and cheating in plant pathogens Annual Review of Phytopathology 58, 55-75.

Gañán, R White III, ML Friesen, T Peever, A Amiri. A Genome Resource for the Apple Powdery Mildew Pathogen Podosphaera leucotricha Phytopathology DOI 10.1094/PHYTO-05-20-0158-A.

Ginnan NA, Dang T, Bodaghi S, Ruegger PM, McCollum G, England G, Vidalakis G, Borneman J, Rolshausen PE and Roper MC. 2020. Disease-induced microbial shifts in citrus indicate microbiome-derived responses to Huanglongbing across the disease severity spectrum. Phytobiomes 4:375-387. https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-04-20-0027-R

Gupta, S, White, JF, Kulkarni, M. 2020. An outlook on current and future directions in Endophyte research. Editorial Note-Endophyte Special Issue. South African Journal of Botany DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.04.024

Gupta, Shubhpriya; Kulkarni, Manoj G; White, James F; Van Staden, Johannes. 2020. Epigenetic-based developments in the field of plant endophytic fungi. South African Journal of Botany 134: 394-400.

Harris, C., Dickson, R., Fisher, P., Poleatewich, A., Jackson, B. 2020. Evaluating peat-based substrates amended with pine wood fiber wood for nitrogen immobilization and effects on plant performance with container-grown petunia. HortTechnology. 30(1): 107-116.

Hassanzadeh, A., Murphy, S., Pethybridge, S. J., and van Aardt, J. 2020. Growth stage classification and harvest scheduling of snap bean using hyperspectral sensing: A greenhouse study. Remote Sens. 12:3809.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223809.

Hassanzadeh, A., van Aardt, J., Murphy, S. M., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Yield modeling of snap bean based on hyperspectral sensing: A greenhouse study. J. Appl. Rem. Sens. 14(2):024519. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.14.024519.

Hatamzadeh, S., Rahnama, K., Nasrollahnejad, S., Fotouhifar, K. B., Hemmati, K., White, J. F., & Taliei, F. 2020. Isolation and identification of L-asparaginase-producing endophytic fungi from the Asteraceae family plant species of Iran. PeerJ, 8, e8309.https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8309

Hong, C. Burkholderia sp. SSG is a broad-spectrum antagonist against plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens. Biological Control , 151, 7 pages. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104380

Hong, C. Endophytic Burkholderia sp. SSG as a potential biofertilizer promoting boxwood growth. PEERJ, 8, 13 pages. doi:10.7717/peerj.9547 

Huang, D., Yan, G. P., Gudmestad, N., Whitworth, J., Frost, K., Brown, C., Weiming, Y., Agudelo, P., and Crow, B. 2018. Molecular characterization and identification of stubby root nematode species from multiple states in the United States. Plant Disease 102: 2101-2111.

Huang, D., Yan, G., Gudmestad, N., Ye, W., Whitworth, J., Frost, K., and Crow, W. 2018. Developing a one-step multiplex PCR assay for rapid detection of four stubby-root nematode species, Paratrichodorus allius, P. minor, P. porosus, and Trichodorus obtusus. Plant Disease 103:404-410.

Jack, C, Petipas, R, Cheeke, T, Rowland, J, Friesen, ML. Microbial Inoculants: Silver Bullet or Microbial Jurassic Park? In press at Trends in Microbiology

Knight, N. L., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. An improved assay for species-specific detection and quantification of Cercospora beticola. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 42:72-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2019.1621380.

Knight, N. L., Koenick, L. B., Sharma, S. S., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Detection of Cercospora beticola and Phoma betae on table beet seed using quantitative PCR. Phytopathology 110:943-951.https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-19-0412-R.

Kong, P., & Hong, C. (2020). A potent Burkholderia endophyte against boxwood blight caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata. Microorganisms. 8(2), 15 pages. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8020310

Kong, P., & Hong, C. (2020). Complete genome sequence of a boxwood endophyte Burkholderia sp. SSG with broad biotechnological application potential. Biotechnology Reports, 26. doi:10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00455

Kroese, D., Bag, S., Frost, K., Murray, T., and Hagerty, C. 2018. A diagnostic guide for wheat soilborne mosaic disease of wheat. Plant Health Progress 19:163-167.

Kroese, D., Schonneker, L., Bag, S., Frost, K., Cating, R. and Hagerty, C. 2020. Soilborne wheat mosaic virus: yield loss and distribution in the inland PNW. Crop Protection 132:105102.

LaPlant, KE, Vogel, G, Reeves, E, Smart, CD, and Mazourek, M (2020) Performance and resistance to Phytophthora crown and root rot in squash lines. HortTechnology 30:608-618 https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04636-20

Lewis, R.W., Okubara, P.A., Fuerst, P.E., He, R., Gang, D., Sullivan, T. 2020. Chronic sublethal aluminum exposure and wild oat caryopsis decay influence gene expression of Fusarium avenaceum F.a.1. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11:51. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00051.

Lopez, Z, Friesen, ML, New, L, von Wettberg, E, Porter, SS. Microbial mutualist distribution constrains spread of the invasive legume Medicago polymorpha In press at Invasion Biology

Menalled, U., Bybee-Finley, K. A., Smith, R. G., DiTomasso, A., Pethybridge, S. J., and Ryan, M. R. 2020. Soil-mediated effects on weed-crop competition: Elucidating the role of annual and perennial intercrop diversity legacies. Agronomy 10(9):1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091373.

Mosquera, S., I. Stergiopoulos, and J.H.J. Leveau (2020) Interruption of Aspergillus niger spore germination by the bacterially produced secondary metabolite collimomycin. Environmental Microbiology Reports https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12833

Norman, DN Smercina, JT Hileman, LK Tiemann, ML Friesen. 2020. Soil aminopeptidase induction is unaffected by inorganic nitrogen availability Soil Biology and Biochemistry accepted 107952

Ozer, G., Imren, M., Bayraktar, H., Paulitz, T.C., Muminjanov, H., Dababat, A.A. 2019. First report of Fusarium hostae causing crown rot on wheat in Azerbaijan. Plant Disease. 103(12):3278. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1035-pdn.

Ozer, G., Alkan, M., Imren, M., Muminjanov, H., Paulitz, T.C., Dababat, A.A. 2020. Identity and pathogenicity of fungi associated with crown and root rot of dryland winter wheat in Azerbaijan. Plant Disease. 104(4):2149-2157. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1799-RE.

Peritore-Galve, FC, Miller C, Smart CD. (2020) Characterizing colonization patterns of Clavibacter michiganensis during infection of tolerant wild Solanum species. Phytopathology 110:574-581 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-19-0329-R

Pethybridge, S. J., Sharma, S., Hansen, Z., Kikkert, J. R., Olmstead, D. L., and Hanson, L. E. 2020. Optimizing Cercospora leaf spot control in table beet using action thresholds and disease forecasting. Plant Dis. 104:1831-1840.https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0246-RE.

Pethybridge, S. J., Sharma, S., Hansen, Z., Vaghefi, N., Hanson, L. E., and Kikkert. J. R. 2020. Improving fungicide-based management of Cercospora leaf spot in table beet in New York, USA. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 42:353-366.https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2019.1690048.

Porter SS., Bantay R., Ibaretta K., Friel CA., Garoutte A., Gdanetz K., Moore BM., Shetty PS., Siler E., Friesen, ML. 2020. Beneficial microbes ameliorate abiotic and biotic sources of stress on plants. Functional Ecology DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13499

Rangel, L., Spanner, R. E., Ebert, M. K., Pethybridge, S. J., Stukenbrock, E. H., de Jonge, R., Secor, G. A., and Bolton, M. D. 2020. Cercospora beticola: the intoxicating lifestyle of the leaf spot pathogen of sugar beet. Mol. Plant Pathol. 21:1020-1041.

Richardson, P. A., Daughtrey, M., & Hong, C. (2020). Indications of susceptibility to Calonectria pseudonaviculata in some common groundcovers and boxwood companion plants. Plant Disease, 104(4), 1127-1132. doi:10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1582- RE NIFA Supp

Schlatter, D.C., Yin, C., Hulbert, S., Paulitz, T.C. 2020. Core Rhizosphere Microbiomes of Dryland Wheat Are Influenced by Location and Land Use History. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 86:5. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02135-19.

Schlatter, D.C., Baugher, C., Kahl, K., Johnson-Maynard, J.L., Huggins, D.R., Paulitz, T.C. 2019. Bacterial communities of soil and earthworm casts of native Palouse Prairie remnants and no-till wheat cropping systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107625.

Schlatter, D.C., Hansen, J.C., Schillinger, W.F., Sullivan, T.S., Paulitz, T.C. 2019. Common and unique rhizosphere microbial communities of wheat and canola in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 144:170-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.07.010.

Salamone, A.L., Okubara, P.A. 2020. Real-time PCR quantification of a Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 variant of potato. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105914.

Sharma, S., Hay, F. S., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Genome resource for two Stemphylium vesicarium isolates causing Stemphylium leaf blight of onion in New York. Mol. Plant Microbe Inter. 33:562-564.https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-19-0244-A.

Smercina DN, Bowsher AW, Evans SE, Friesen ML, Eder EK, Hoyt DW, Tiemann LK. 2020. Switchgrass Rhizosphere Metabolite Chemistry Driven by Nitrogen Availability. Phytobiomes PBIOMES-09

Smercina DN, SE Evans, ML Friesen, LK Tiemann. Impacts of nitrogen addition on switchgrass root-associated diazotrophic community structure and function. FEMS Microbiology Ecology accepted

Smith Becker J, Borneman J and Becker JO. 2020. Effect of Heterodera schachtii female age on susceptibility to three fungal hyperparasites in the genus Hyalorbilia. Journal of Nematology 52:e2020-93.

Smith Becker, J., J. Borneman, and J.O. Becker 2020. Effect of Heterodera schachtii female age on susceptibility to three fungal hyperparasites in the genus Hyalorbilia. Journal of Nematology 52. DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-093.

Synoground, T., Batson, A., Derie, M. L., Koenick, L. B., Pethybridge, S. J., and du Toit, L. J. 2020. First report of Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora chenopodii on Spinacia oleracea in the USA. Plant Dis. 104:976. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1924-PDN.

Taylor, J.T., Mukherjee, P.K., Puckhaber, L.S., Dixit, K., Igumenova, T.I., Suh, C., Howitz, B.A., and Kenerley, C.M. 2020. Deletion of Trichoderma virens NRPS, Tex7, induces accumulation of the anti-cancer compound heptelidic acid. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications. 529:672-677.

Tazik, Z., K. Rahnama, M. Iranshahi, J. F. White, H. Soltanloo. 2020. A new species of Pithoascus and first report of this genus as endophyte associated with Ferula ovina. MycoScience 61: 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2020.01.002

Tazik, Z., Rahnama, K., Irashani, M., White, J.F., Soltanloo, H. 2020. Ochroconis ferulica sp. nov. (Venturiales), a fungal endophyte from Ferula ovina. Nova Hedwigia DOI: 10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2020/0576.

Tazik, Zahra; Rahnama, Kamran; White, James Francis; Soltanloo, Hassan; Hasanpour, Maede; Iranshahi, Mehrdad. 2020. LC-MS based identification of stylosin and tschimgine from fungal endophytes associated with Ferula ovina. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 23: 1565-1570.

Toth, J, Cala, A, Stack, GM, Wilk, R, Crawford, J, Carlson, CH, Philippe, G, Viands, DR, Smart, CD, Rose, JKC, and Smart, LB. (2020). Development and validation of genetic markers for sex and cannabinoid chemotype in Cannabis sativa L. Global Change Biology Bioenergy 12:213-222

Ulbrich, ML Friesen, SS Roley, LK Tiemann, SE Evans. Intraspecific variability in root traits and edaphic conditions influence soil microbiomes across 12 switchgrass cultivars Phytobiomes Journal accepted

Wang, K.D., Gorman, Z., Huang, P.C., Kenerley, C.M., and Kolomiets, M. V. 2020. Trichoderma virens colonization of maize roots triggers rapid accumulation of 12-oxophytodienoate and two alpha-ketols in leaves as priming agents of induced systemic resistance. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 15: DOI 10.1080/15592324.2020.1792187

Wang, X., Glawe, D.A., Weller, D.M., Okubara, P.A. 2019. Real-time PCR assays for the quantification of native yeast DNA in grape berry and fermentation extracts. Journal of Microbial Methods. 168, 105794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105794

Weldon, WA, Ullrich, MR, Smart, LB, Smart, CD, Gadoury, DM (2020) Cross infectivity of powdery mildew isolates originating from hemp (Cannabis sativa) and Japanese hop (Humulus japonicus) in New York. Plant Health Progress 21 Jan 2020 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-09-19-0067-RS

Witte H, Yang J-I, Logan GD, Colindres NB, Peacock BB, Smith Becker J, Ruegger PM, Becker JO, Borneman J. 2020. Hyalorbilia oviparasitica Clade Detected in Field Soils Cropped to Sugar Beets and Enriched in the Presence of Heterodera schachtii and a Host Crop. PhytoFrontiers: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTOFR-07-20-0005-R

Witte, H., Jiue-in Yang, J.-I., Logan, G.D., Colindres, N.B., Peacock, B.B., Smith Becker, J., Ruegger, P.M., Becker, J.O., and Borneman, J. 2020. Hyalorbilia oviparasitica clade detected in field soils cropped to sugar beets and enriched in the presence of Heterodera schachtii and a host crop. PhytoFrontiers 1. DOI:10.1094/PHYTOFR-07-20-0005-R.

Xue, L., Liu, Y., Zhou, S., White, J. F., & Li, C. (2020). Characterization of Pyrenophora Species Causing Brown Leaf Spot on Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Southwestern China. Plant Disease, 104(7), 1900–1907. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1457-RE

Xue, L., Zhang, Y., Duan, T., White, J.F., Liu, Y., Li, C. 2020. Characterization and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum Species on Philodendron tatei cv. Congo in Gansu Province, China. Plant Disease https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1952-RE

Yang, X., & Hong, C. (2020). Biological control of Phytophthora blight by Pseudomonas protegens strain 14D5. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 156(2), 591-601. doi:10.1007/s10658-019-01909-6

Yang, M., Mavrodi, D.V., Mavrodi, O.V., Thomashow, L.S., Weller, D.M. 2019. Exploring the phytotoxic effect of Pseudomonas brassicacearum Q8r1-96 on tomato. Plant Disease. 104(4):1026-1031. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1989-RE.

Yao, X., Chen, Z., Wei, X., Chen, S., White, J.F., Huang, X., Li, C., & Nan, Z. 2020. A toxic grass Achnatherum inebrians serves as a diversity refuge for the soil fungal community in rangelands of northern China. Plant and Soil, 448, 425 - 438.

Yin, C., McLaughlin, K., Paulitz, T.C., Kroese, D.R., Hagerty, C.H. 2020. Population dynamics of root pathogens of wheat under different tillage systems in NE Oregon. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0621-RE.

Yuan, J., Wen, T., Zhang, H., Zhao, M., Penton, R., Thomashow, L.S., Shen, Q. 2020. Predicting disease occurrence with high accuracy based on soil macroecological patterns of Fusarium wilt. ISME Journal. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0720-5.

Zeng, Y., Stewart, J., Abdo, Z., Charkowski, A., and Frost. K. 2019. Response of the soil microbiome to 1,3-dichloropropene application for nematode management. Phytobiomes https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-11-18-0055-R.

Zhang, X., Li, C., Hao, J., Li, Y., Li, D., Zhang, D., Xing, X., Liang, Y. 2020. A novel Streptomyces sp. strain PBSH9 for controlling potato common scab caused by Streptomyces galilaeus. Plant Disease 104: 1986-1993. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1469-RE.

Zhang, Z.P., Y.B. Li, J.J. Hao, L.X. Luo and J.Q. Li. 2020. Characterization of the cmcp gene involved in pathogenicity of Ceratocystis manginecans. Frontiers in Microbiology 11:1824. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01824.

Zuñiga C, Peacock B, Liang B, McCollum G, Irigoyen SC, Tec-Campos D, Marotz C, Weng NC, Zepeda A, Vidalakis G, Mandadi KK, Borneman J, Zengler K. 2020. Linking metabolic phenotypes to pathogenic traits among "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" and its hosts. npj Syst Biol Appl. 6:24.

Zhang, J., Yang, M., Mavrodi, D.V., Kelton, J., Thomashow, L.S., Weller, D.M. 2020. Pseudomonas synxantha 2-79 transformed with pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis genes has improved biocontrol activity against soilborne diseases of wheat and canola. Phytopathology. 110: 1010-1017. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-19-0367-R.

Book Chapters

Kumar, A., Samir Droby, James Francis White, Vipin Kumar Singh, Sandeep Kumar Singh, V. Yeka Zhimo, Antonio Biasi. 2020. Endophytes and seed priming: agricultural applications and future prospects. Editor (s): Ajay Kumar, Radhakrishnan E.K, Microbial Endophytes, Woodhead Publishing, Pages 107-124, ISBN 9780128196540,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819654-0.00005-3.

Kumar, A., Droby, S., Singh, V.K., Singh, S.K., White, J.F. 2020. Entry, colonization, and distribution of endophytic microorganisms in plants, Pages 1-33. Editor(s): Kumar, A. and Radhakrishnan E.K. Microbial Endophytes, Woodhead Publishing, ISBN 9780128196540, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819654-0.00001-6.

Jorge A. Delgado, Clark Gantzer, and Gretchen F. Sassenrath, eds. 2020. Soil and Water Conservation: A Celebration of 75 Years. Soil and Water Conservation Society. 

Dissertations

Taylor, J.T. 2020. Identification of genes from TrichodIerma virens nvolved in the Colonization of Maize Roots and Induced Systemic Resistance. Department Plant Pathology & Microbiology. Texas A&M University.

Patents

U.S. patent 10,721,936. (Filed July 21, 2016; granted July 28, 2020). “Compositions and Methods Comprising Endophytic Bacterium for Application to Grasses to Increase Plant Growth, Suppress Soil Borne Fungal Diseases, and Reduce Vigor of Weedy Competitors”. Inventors: White JF, Kowalski K, Kingsley K. 

Extension and technical bulletins

Brazil, J. and Frost, K. 2019. The impacts of bacterial soft rot pathogens of potato [Video]. Oregon State University Extension and Experiment Station Communications Publication EM9259. https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em9259
Cala, AR and Smart CD. (2020) Identification of resistance to powdery mildew in hemp cultivars. Proceedings of the Empire State Producers Expo January 2012

Cala, AR and Smart CD. (2020) Powdery mildew and other disease issues on hemp. Article for Long Island Agricultural Forum

Cala, AR, Day, CTC, Giles, GJ, Weldon, WA, Carlson, CH, Stack, GM, Ullrich, MR, Crawford, JL, Viands, DR, Gadoury, DM, Smart, LB, and Smart, CD 2020. Evaluation of hemp powdery mildew host resistance and host range. Article for National Hemp Conference March 2020.

Cala, AR, Giles, GJ, Day, CTC, Willet, D and Smart CD (2020) Effects of powdery mildew infection and fungicide treatment on secondary metabolite profiles in hemp. Article for the 2020 Cornell hemp field day.

Damann, K., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Mesotunnels: Next best tool for cucurbit growers in the Northeastern US? USDA-NIFA OREI Blogpost (14 August 2020).

Evin, B, Frost, K., Knuteson, D., Gevens, A., Robinson, A., Pasche, J., and Hao, J. 2020. Soilborne diseases in potato production systems: a brief overview. USDA NIFA Enhancing Soil Health in U.S. Potato Production Systems Extension Publication. (https://potatosoilhealth.cfans.umn.edu/education)

Evin, B, Frost, K., Knuteson, D., Ruark, M., and Robinson, A. 2020. Improving soil with cover cropping in potato production. USDA NIFA Enhancing Soil Health in U.S. Potato Production Systems Extension Publication. (https://potatosoilhealth.cfans.umn.edu/education)

Friesen, M. L., Sullivan, T. Paulitz, T., Tao, H., Younginger, B. and White, R. A. 2020. Canola Variety Effects on Soil Health Mediated by Nutrients and the Microbiome Field Crops Abstracts. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 20, pg. 20.

Frost, K., Evin, B, Marks, M., MacGuidwin, A., Knuteson, D., and McGuire, A. 2020. Biofumigation: is it a viable alternative? USDA NIFA Enhancing Soil Health in U.S. Potato Production Systems Extension Publication. (https://potatosoilhealth.cfans.umn.edu/education)

Kikkert, J. R., Pethybridge, S. J., and Heck D. W. 2020. Management of Cercospora leaf spot of table beet in 2020. Cornell VegEdge (1 July 2020). 16(3):10.

Kikkert, J. R., Pethybridge, S. J., and Lund, M. 2020. Management of white mold in beans. Cornell VegEdge 16(16):7.

Kikkert. J. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. A new tool for the management of Cercospora leaf spot in table beet in New York: Miravis Prime. Cornell VegEdge 1 March 2020. Pp. 5. https://rvpadmin.cce.cornell.edu/pdf/veg_edge/pdf182_pdf.pdf.

Knuteson, D., Gevens, A., Evin, B, Frost, K., and Robinson, A. 202X. Fumigation use in potato production systems. USDA NIFA Enhancing Soil Health in U.S. Potato Production Systems Extension Publication. (https://potatosoilhealth.cfans.umn.edu/education)

Lange, HW and Smart CD (2020) Strategies to control bacterial diseases of tomato and crucifer crops. Article for Long Island Agricultural Forum

Lukas, S., Clark, L., Frost, K. and Brewer, L. 2020. Watermelon production east of the Cascades. Oregon State University Extension and Experiment Station Communications Publication PNW741. https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/pnw741.

Marks, M., Ruark, M., Lankau, R., Kinkel, L. and Frost, K. 2020. What is the microbiome? USDA NIFA Enhancing Soil Health in U.S. Potato Production Systems Extension Publication. (https://potatosoilhealth.cfans.umn.edu/education)

Marks, M., Ruark, M., Steinke, K., and Frost, K. 2020. What makes healthy soils? USDA NIFA Enhancing Soil Health in U.S. Potato Production Systems Extension Publication. (https://potatosoilhealth.cfans.umn.edu/education)

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook. 2020. Edited by Pscheidt, J. and Ocamb, C., Oregon State University Press. Role: Revised information for 7 potato diseases in 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J., and Kikkert, J. R. 2020. Identification and management of foliar diseases of table beet. Proc. of the Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Growers Convention, Hershey, Pennsylvania. 28 January 2020. Pp. 35-37.

Pethybridge, S. J., Hoepting, C., and Hay, F. S. 2020. Stemphylium leaf blight in onions. Proc. of the Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Growers Convention, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 28 January 2020. Pp. 24-26.

Pethybridge, S. J., Olmstead, D., and Kikkert. J. R. 2020. Decision support for Cercospora leaf spot management in table beet in New York. Manual for New York table beet growers. 7 January 2020. Pp. 9.

Pethybridge, S.J., and Kikkert, J. R. 2020. Identification of foliar pathogens and best management practices for Cercospora leaf spot. Proc. of the Empire Expo, Syracuse, New York. 16 January 2020. Pp. 6.

Sassenrath, G. F. 2020. The Cost of Tillage. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 6: Iss. 4. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7914

Sassenrath, G. F., Mengarelli, L., Lingenfelser, J., Lin, X., Adee, E. 2020. Southeast Kansas Crop Production Summary – 2019. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 6: Iss. 4. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7913

Schillinger, W., Jacobsen, J., Jirava, R., Hansen, J. Paulitz, T., Schoftoll, S. and Huggins, D. 2020. Canola in Cereal-Based Rotations: Agronomy and Soil Microbiology Update from Ritzville. Field Crops Abstracts. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 20, pg. 30-31.

Schillinger, W., Jirava, R., Jacobsen, J., Schoftoll, S., Hansen, J., and Paulitz, T.2020. Winter Pea: Long-Term Cropping Systems Research in Washington’s Drylands. Field Crops Abstracts. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 20, pg. 34.

Schlatter, D. C., Hansen, J., Carlson, B., Leslie, I, Huggins, D. R. and Paulitz, T. C. 2020. Do Soil Microbes Contribute to Wheat Yield and Soil Health? Field Crops Abstracts. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 20, pg. 71.

Smart, CD (2020) Controlling Bacterial Diseases in Vegetables in 2020. Extension article for growers and regional newsletters. One example is VegEdge February 2020.

Yearout, K., Paulitz, T. and Schroeder, K. 2020. Understanding the Epidemiology of Blackleg Disease of Canola in Northern Idaho and Eastern Washington. Field Crops Abstracts. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 20, pg. 21.

Yin, C., McLaughlin, K., Paulitz, T. C., Kroese, D. R., and Hagerty, C. H. 2020. Population Dynamics of Wheat Root Pathogens Under Different Tillage Systems in NE Oregon Field Crops Abstracts. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Technical Report 20, pg. 44.

Zhao, H., Lin, X., Sassenrath, G.F. 2020. Modeling spatial and temporal soil temperature in the U.S. winter wheat belt. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting. Poster. virtual meeting. 2020.

Meeting presentations and proceedings

Avenot, H., Baudoin, A., & Hong, C. (2020). Environmental factors for infection and sporulation by the blight pathogen. In The Second Boxwood Blight Workshop. The George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD

Borneman, J. Indigenous Populations of Dactylella oviparasitica Appear to Suppress Cyst Nematode Populations in Several Regions & Crops. Annual Meeting of Western Regional Project W-4147 on Biological Control, December 4 2020, Zoom because of COVID pandemic.

Borneman, J. Metabolic Modeling and Microbe-Based Strategies to Manage HLB. Visit from Chinese Delegation from Various Universities and Institutes with Expertise in HLB. Meeting in Riverside CA, January 13, 2020.

Delventhal, K., Busby, P., and Frost, K.E. 2020. Differentiating bulk soil from tare soil effects on the potato rhizosphere microbiome. ESA Annual Meeting, August 3-6 (meeting conducted virtually).

Delventhal, K.D., Li, X., Skillman, V., Leopold, D.R., Busby, P.E., and Frost, K.E. Tare soil microbiome of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum) varies by geographic location and seed growing operation. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 3-7, 2019, Cleveland, OH.

Ekbataniamiri F., N.F. Marangoni, T. Ge, S.B. Johnson, R. Larkin, J. Hao. Distribution and pathogenicity of Dickeya aquatica causing potato blackleg and soft rot. Annual Meeting of Northeastern Division of American Phytopathological Society. The Northampton Hotel, Northampton, MA, Mar. 11-13, 2020.

Ekbataniamiri, F.T. Ge, S.B. Johnson, R. Larkin, J. Hao. 2020. Investigating surface water in association with potato blackleg and soft rot. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Online, July 19-23, 2020.

Evin, B., Smith, E., Stemke, J., Skillman, V., Moore, A., and Frost, K. 2020. Abiotic soil factors associated with Verticillium dahliae inoculum density, root lesion nematode abundance and potato yield in the Columbia Basin. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 10-14, 2020 (meeting conducted virtually).

Evin, B., Smith, E., Stemke, J., Skillman, V., Moore, A., and Frost, K. 2020. Defining and manipulating soil health in potato production systems. Annual meeting of the Potato Association of America, July 19-23, (meeting conducted virtually).

Friesen, M.L. An inordinate fondness for clover. Lightning talk at American Society of Naturalists, Asilomar CA, January 2020

Frost, K. Refining pest management programs in potato: applying new technologies to old problems. OSU Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Seminar Series, April 30, 2020, Corvallis, OR.

Ge T, S.B. Johnson, R. Larkin, J. Hao. Genotyping Dickeya dianthicola causing potato blackleg and soft rot in Northeastern America for inferring the source of inoculum. Annual Meeting of Northeastern Division of American Phytopathological Society. The Northampton Hotel, Northampton, MA, Mar. 11-13, 2020.

Hain A, T. Ge, X. Zhang, G. Porter, J. Hao. Evaluation of Potato Germplasms for Pink Rot Resistance. Annual Meeting of Northeastern Division of American Phytopathological Society. The Northampton Hotel, Northampton, MA, Mar. 11-13, 2020.

Hao, J. J., Management of powdery scab and mop top of potato. 33rd Maine Potato Conference, Caribou Inn, ME. Jan. 22-23, 2020.

Hong, C. (2020). Improving boxwood blight mitigation through innovation, economic analysis and education – SCRI proposal overview. In The Second Boxwood Blight Workshop. The George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD.

Hong, C., Richardson, P., Kong, P., Daughtrey, M., Howle, M., Williamson, M., & Colburn, C. (2020). Detector boxwood plants at once-infested landscape sites. In The Second Boxwood Blight Workshop. The George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD.

Jin Y, T. Qu, J. Hao, S. Yuan, Yan Wang. Field populations of Botrytis cinerea from strawberry simultaneously resistant to both azoxystrobin and boscalid. Annual Meeting of Northeastern Division of American Phytopathological Society. The Northampton Hotel, Northampton, MA, Mar. 11-13, 2020.

Kong, P., Yang, X., & Hong, C. (2020). Building the momentum for biological control of boxwood blight. In The Second Boxwood Blight Workshop. The George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD.

Kumbhakar, I., Kleber, M. and Frost, K.E. 2020. Crops in rotation with potato that predict the occurrence of mefenoxam-resistant Pythium species. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 10-14, 2020 (meeting conducted virtually).

Li K, Y. Wang, S.B. Johnson, R. Larkin, A. Smart, J. Hao. Efficacy and resistance risk of Aprovia and Elatus in controlling Verticillium dahliae. Annual Meeting of Northeastern Division of American Phytopathological Society. The Northampton Hotel, Northampton, MA, Mar. 11-13, 2020.

Mashaheet, A., & Hong, C. (2020). Proof of concept: antidesiccants for blight mitigation. The George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD.

Mashaheet, A., & Hong, C. (2020). Selective nitrogen fertilization for blight mitigation. In The Second Boxwood Blight Workshop. The George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD.

Mathis II, M.A., Tran, T.V., Tucker-Kulesza, S.E., Sassenrath, G.F. 2019. Erosion mechanisms of claypan soils in southeastern Kansas. Geo-Congress 2019 GSP 313. Philadelphia, PA, March 24-27, 2019. ASCE. pp. 76-85.

Paulitz, T. C. Glyphosate and Soil Microbial Communities: Fake News Vs. Facts. Presented keynote talk to the Canadian Society of Weed Science on effect of glyphosate on wheat microbes, Kelowna, BC, November 2019.

Rivedal, H., Brazil, J. and Frost K.E. Diversity and Economic Impact of Bacterial Soft Rot Pathogens (Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.) on Potato Production in the Columbia Basin, USA. Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, November 25-28, 2019, Melbourne, Australia.

Rivedal, H., Brazil, J., and Frost K.E. 2020. Diversity and pathogenicity of bacterial soft rot pathogens (Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.) isolated from potatoes in the Columbia Basin. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 10-14, 2020 (meeting conducted virtually).

Skillman, V., Li, Xiaoping, and Frost, K.E. Using metabarcoding to examine diet breadth of phytophagous insect pests of potato. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, November 17-20, 2019, St. Louis, MO.

Zhang X, J. Hao, Z. Yu, X. Xing, X. Zhang, and D. Li. Improved assay for evaluating potato resistance to Rhizoctonia solani assisted by toxin-based analysis. Annual Meeting of Northeastern Division of American Phytopathological Society. The Northampton Hotel, Northampton, MA, Mar. 11-13, 2020.

Abstracts

Alyokhin, A., Insinga, J. and Hao, J. Insect role in transmitting Dickeya dianthicola among potato plants. XXVI International Congress of Entomology, in Helsinki, Finland, July 18-23, 2020.

Brazil, J., Rivedal, H., and Frost K.E. 2019. Diversity and Economic Impact of Bacterial Soft Rot Pathogens (Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.) on Potato Production in the Columbia Basin, USA. Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, November 25-28, Melbourne, Australia.

Cheng, X, X. Man, Z. Wang, L. Liang, F. Zhang, Z. Wang, P. Liu, B. Lei, J. Hao, X. Liu. Fungicide SYP-14288 inducing multi-drug resistance in Rhizoctonia solani. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.30. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Chesley A. and J. Hao. Resistance of Phytophthora erythroseptica to oxathiapiprolin and its potential risk. 2020 University of Maine Student Symposium. #814. Online conference.

Delventhal, K., Busby, P., and Frost, K.E. 2020. Differentiating bulk soil from tare soil effects on the potato rhizosphere microbiome. ESA Annual Meeting, August 3-6, Salt Lake City, UT.

Delventhal, K.D., Li, X., Skillman, V., Leopold, D.R., Busby, P.E., and Frost, K.E. 2019. Tare soil microbiome of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum) varies by geographic location and seed growing operation. Phytopathology XXX(Suppl. X):SX.XX.

Ekbataniamiri F., N.F. Marangoni, T. Ge, S.B. Johnson, R. Larkin, J. Hao. Distribution and pathogenicity of Dickeya aquatica causing potato blackleg and soft rot. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.33. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Evin, B., Smith, E., Stemke, J., Skillman, V., Moore, A., and Frost, K. 2020. Defining and manipulating soil health in potato production systems. Annual meeting of the Potato Association of America, July 19-23, Missoula, MT.

Evin, B., Smith, E., Stemke, J., Skillman, V., Moore, A., and Frost, K. 2020. Abiotic soil factors associated with Verticillium dahliae inoculum density, root lesion nematode abundance and potato yield in the Columbia Basin. Phytopathology XXX(Suppl. X):SX.XX.

Ge T, S.B. Johnson, R. Larkin, J. Hao. Genotyping Dickeya dianthicola causing potato blackleg and soft rot in Northeastern America for inferring the source of inoculum. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.32. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Hao, J. T. Ge, X. Zhang, G. Porter, A. Hain. Evaluation of Potato Germplasms for Pink Rot Resistance. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.32-1.33. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Jin, Y., Qu, T., Hao, J., Yuan, S., and Wang, Y. 2020. Field populations of Botrytis cinerea from strawberry simultaneously resistant to both azoxystrobin and boscalid. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.27. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Kumbhakar, I., Kleber, M. and Frost, K.E. 2020. Crops in rotation with potato that predict the occurrence of mefenoxam-resistant Pythium species. Phytopathology XXX(Suppl. X):SX.XX.

Li, K.Y. Wang, S.B. Johnson, R. Larkin, A. Smart, J. Hao. Efficacy and resistance risk of Aprovia and Elatus in controlling Verticillium dahliae. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.32. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Rivedal, H., Brazil, J., and Frost K.E. 2020. Diversity and pathogenicity of bacterial soft rot pathogens (Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.) isolated from potatoes in the Columbia Basin. Phytopathology XXX(Suppl. X):SX.XX.

Schlatter, D. C., Hanson, J., Huggins, Carlson, B., and Paulitz, T. C. 2020. Spatio-temporal scales of soil bacterial communities in conventional and no-till wheat fields. Phytopathology 110: S

Zhang X, J. Hao, Z. Yu, X. Xing, X. Zhang, and D. Li. Improved Assay for Evaluating Potato Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani Assisted by Toxin-based Analysis. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.30-1.31. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Zhang X, M. Xu, H. Zheng, J. Zou, J. Hao, X. Zhang, L. Wang. Role of rice PIRIN gene in regulating plant defense against Magnaporthe oryzae. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 110:S1.30-1.31. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-110-7-S1.27.

Extension Talks/Field Days/Workshops/Consultations

Becker, J. O. Role of Hyalorbilia spp. in parasitism of plant-parasitic nematodes. Annual Meeting of Western Regional Project W-4147 on Biological Control, December 4 2020, Zoom.

Becker, J. O. Nematodes in Citrus Production Webinar. Ag Expert Webinar. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources Zoom webinar (1 hr), Feb. 21, 2020.

Becker, J. O. Plant-parasitic nematodes: Biology, ecology and management in citrus. Citrus Production course for new growers. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources Zoom webinar, Aug 25, 2020.

Becker, J. O. Recent innovations in crop protection against plant-parasitic nematodes. 31st Annual Fall Desert Crops Workshop, Imperial Valley, CA, Dec 10, 2020, Zoom.

Branch, E., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Control of Rhizoctonia root rot of table beet. New York Processing Vegetable Meeting, Virtual by Zoom. Attendees = 48. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 24 hours. 16 December 2020.

Brazil, J. and Frost, K.E. Current status of blackleg and bacterial soft rot in the Columbia Basin. OSU-HAREC Potato Field Day, Hermiston, OR, June 26, 2019 (~85)

Delventhal, K. and Frost, K. The microbiome: how microbial interactions influence plant health and disease. Hermiston Farm Fair, Hermiston, OR, December 6, 2019. (~50)

Evin, B.**, Moore, A., and Frost, K. Year one of the WA/OR potato soil health evaluation. Klamath Basin Potato Seminar, Klamath Falls, OR, March 5, 2020 (~20)

Evin, B., Moore, A., and Frost, K.E. A 2020 update on the WA/OR SCRI potato soil health project (via Zoom), Columbia Basin Potato Soil Health Workgroup, July 21, 2020 (26).

Friesen, M.L. 2020. Nitrogen fixation in agroecosystems. WSU Farmer's Network workshop on soil health, Pullman WA Jan 2020.

Frost, K. Cropping systems and crop rotation, effects on the soil microbial community. Hermiston Farm Fair (Virtual). December 3, 2020. (183).

Frost, K. Diseases observed in hemp in 2019. Treasure Valley Hemp Conference, Ontario, OR, February 21, 2020 (~35)

Frost, K. Pest problems that can be brought into a field in or on seed tubers, and which ones to work about the most. Washington Oregon Potato Conference, Kennewick, WA, January 23, 2020 (~150)

Frost, K. What’s going on with bacterial soft rot of potatoes in the Columbia Basin? Hermiston Farm Fair (Virtual). December 2, 2020. (185).

Frost, K.E. Above ground problems with potato plants in the seed lots. First rating of the Washington State potato seed lot trial, Othello, WA, June 11, 2019 (40)

Frost, K.E. Controlling bacterial and fungal diseases in the field (via Zoom - recorded), National Potato Council Annual EPA Tour, July 22, 2020 (~not known).

Frost, K.E. Informal Discussion. WSU Potato Field Day, Othello, WA, June 27, 2019 (~175).

Frost, K.E. Soil fumigation and soil health. OSU-HAREC Potato Field Day, Hermiston, OR, June 26, 2019 (~85)

Frost, K.E. Summary of recent research on Verticillium management. Washington Oregon Potato Conference, Kennewick, WA, January 23, 2019 (~200)

Frost, K.E. What we are learning about potato soft rot in the Columbia Basin. HAREC Virtual Research Update (via Zoom), Hermiston, OR, June, 17, 2020 (~44).

Hay, F. S., Kikkert, J. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Integrated management of white mold in dry bean in New York. NYS Dry Bean Council, Batavia, New York. Attendees = 55. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 55 hours. 10 March 2020.

Li, X. and Frost, K. Impacts of fumigants and soil-applied pesticides on the soil microbial community. Hermiston Farm Fair. December 4, 2019, Hermiston, OR. (~55).

Murphy, S., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Potential of plant growth regulators for manipulating processing carrot growth in New York. New York Processing Vegetable Meeting, Virtual by Zoom. Attendees = 48. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 24 hours. 16 December 2020.

Paulitz, T. C. 2020. Diseases of Canola. Washington Oilseed and Cropping Systems Workshop, Clarkston, WA Jan. 30, 2020.

Paulitz, T. C. 2020. Nematode diseases of cereal crops. Presented to Agricultural Research Council of the Ukraine, Sept. 11, 2020.

Paulitz, T. C. 2019. Nematode Diseases of Cereals. Far West Agribusiness Association, Pasco, WA. Dec 9, 2019.

Paulitz, T. C. 2020. Glyphosate and Soil Microbial Communities: Fake News Vs. Facts. University of Manitoba, Canada. Oct. 3, 2020.

Paulitz, T. C. 2020. Soil pH and Soil Microbes: Cause and Effects. WSU Soils Acidity Workshop, Jan. 16, 2020. Pullman, WA

Paulitz, T. C. 2020. What’s New in Research on Soilborne Plant Pathogens. Spokane Farm Forum, Ag Expo, Spokane, Washington. Feb. 5, 2020

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Bacterial diseases of cucurbits and chenopods. USDA-NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative Project Initiation Webinar. Attendees = 68. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 68 hours. 20 May 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Cercospora leaf spot decision support system training program. Attendees = 20. Duration = 180 min. Total contact = 60 hours. 5 March 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Cucurbit and chenopods SCRI project: Objective 2. Attendees = 30. Duration = 180 min. Total contact = 90 hours. 12 March 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Digital agriculture in New York broad acre vegetable production. A reporting session for NSF PFI Advisory Committee. Attendees = 60. Duration = 180 min. Total contact = 180 hours. 17 March 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Digital agriculture in New York table beet production. A reporting session for Love Beets USA. Attendees = 20. Duration = 180 min. Total contact = 60 hours. 13 March 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Digital solutions to phytopathometry. NSF NRT Digital Plant Science Seminar and PLSCI 6400 and guest lecture. Attendees = 35. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 35 h. 15 October 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Disease forecasting in vegetable pathology. Invited Lecture (Advanced Plant Pathology). University of Georgia. Attendees = 22. Duration = 90 min. Total contact = 33 h. 15 October 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Identification and management of foliar diseases of table beet. Mid-Atlantic Fruit & Vegetable Convention, Hershey, PA. Attendees = 72. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 36 hours. 29 January 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Inter-cropping cover experiment. USDA-NIFA Organic Transitions Project Meeting. Attendees = 10. Duration = 120 min. Total contact = 20 hours. 26 May 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Manipulating table beet growth and health using plant growth regulators. New York Processing Vegetable Meeting, Virtual by Zoom. Attendees = 48. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 24 hours. 16 December 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Organic management of foliar diseases of table beet. USDA-NIFA Organic Research and Extension Initiative Project Meeting 1. Attendees = 12. Duration = 120 min. Total contact = 24 hours. 24 March 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Organic management of foliar diseases of table beet. USDA-NIFA Organic Research and Extension Initiative Project Meeting 2. Attendees = 12. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 12 hours. 19 May 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Soilborne diseases of vegetables in New York. W4147 Multistate Project (by zoom). Attendees = 25. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 25 h. 4 December 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Stemphylium leaf blight management in onions. Mid-Atlantic Fruit & Vegetable Convention, Hershey, PA. Attendees = 120. Duration = 45 min. Total contact = 90 hours. 29 January 2020.

Pethybridge, S. J. 2020. Vegetable pathology + digital agriculture. NSF NRT Digital Plant Science Seminar and PLSCI 6440 guest lecture. Attendees = 15. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 15 h. 13 October 2020.

Rivedal, H. and Frost, K.E. Disease updates from the HAREC Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic. OSU-HAREC Potato Field Day, Hermiston, OR, June 26, 2019 (~85)
Smart, C. Cornell hemp field day. August 20, 2020. Impact of powdery mildew on terpenes and cannabinoids. 10 minute talk plus 10 minute Q&A to 300 people (virtual). Talk given by Smart’s grad student Ali Cala. Q&A by Smart and Cala. Contact hours = 100

Smart, C. Cornell hemp virtual office hours for growers. September 4, 2020. Powdery mildews and other molds. 30 minute discussion with 24 growers. Contact hours = 12

Smart, C. Eastern NY Fruit & Vegetable Conference. February 26, 2020. Hemp variety and disease update. 30 minute talk to 100 growers. Contact hours = 50.

Smart, C. Eastern NY Fruit & Vegetable Conference. February 26, 2020. A year in review – Diseases from 2019 and what to expect in 2020. 30 minute talk to 100 growers. Contact hours = 50.

Smart, C. Empire State Producers Expo Syracuse, NY. Jan 15, 2020 Workshop on Phytophthora blight organized by Smart’s PhD student Greg Vogel 9:00 – 10:15 AM including presentation by Vogel Options and outlook for Phytophthora resistance in peppers and squash. 1.25 hour session to100 growers. Contact hours = 125

Smart, C. Empire State Producers Expo Syracuse, NY. Jan 15, 2020 Light on the horizon: A molecular discovery opens the door for developing cabbage varieties resistant to black rot. Talk by graduate student Zoe Dubrow on a project she worked on with Smart and Bogdanove. 25 minute talk to 30 growers. Contact hours = 12

Smart, C. Empire State Producers Expo Syracuse, NY. Jan 16, 2020 Powdery mildew on hemp. 20 minute talk to 100 growers. Contact hours = 33

Smart, C. Great Lakes Vegetable Program Podcast. August 26, 2020. Phytophthora Phoughts. 60 minute discussion with 40 growers. Contact hours = 20

Smart, C. Large-scale storage crop facility school. December 1, 2020. Decreasing Alternaria in cabbage in storage. 30 minute talk with 30 growers and educators. Contact hours = 15

Smart, C. Long Island Agricultural Forum Riverhead , NY. January 9, 2020. Strategies to control bacterial diseases of tomato and crucifer crops. 30 minute talk to 100 growers. Contact hours = 50

Smart, C. Long Island Agricultural Forum Riverhead , NY. January 8, 2020. Powdery mildew and other disease issues on hemp. 30 minute talk to 200 growers. Contact hours = 100

Smart, C. Small-scale storage crop facility school. December 8, 2020. Decreasing disease in cabbage in storage. 30 minute talk to 70 growers and educators. Contact hours = 35

Smart, C. Western NY Vegetable Growers Meeting. February 20, 2020 Strategies to control bacterial diseases of tomato and pepper. 25 minute talk via zoom to 50 growers. Contact hours = 23.

White, J. F. April 1st, 2020 Created Regenerative Ag Academy Short course on the role plant and soil microbes in regenerative agriculture. Short course is five parts and targeted at informing growers about how microbes influence crop development. The course is continuously available to growers interested in microbes.

White, J. F. April 2nd, 2020 Webinar in Understanding Ag Series in the Soil Health Academy (approx. 800 growers). Presentation focused on how plants use soil microbes to obtain nutrients and control soil pathogens.

White, J. F. Dec. 3rd, 2020 Demeter Biosystems Webinar (translated to Hungarian) ‘How plants farm microbes’ (100 growers).

White, J. F. Feb. 4, 2020 2 1-hour presentations to growers (approx. 100 in attendance) at symposium on soil and plant microbes at Wisconsin Dells.

White, J. F. Jan. 7, 2020 John Kempf’s Regenerative Agriculture Podcast (The role of endophytes and soil microbes in crop growth and health).

White, J. F. Nov. 10th, 2020. Green Cover Webinar ‘The rhizophagy cycle: How plants Farm Soil Microbes’ (approx.300 growers).

White, J. F. Nov. 12th, 2020. BioFarm2020 Webinar (National Organic Farming Conference in Ireland) (500 growers and scientists).

White, J. F. Nov. 3rd, 2020 Webinar organized by company Rio Tinto Leveraging the Soil Microbiome to Cultivate Crops (approx. 400 growers).