Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

1.  The 2020 (FY20) annual business meeting of the NE-1748 Multistate research project was called to order at approximately 1pm.

2.  A total of 12 members were present at the meeting, representing 10 stations. Approximately 30 people attended the conference.

3.  Open discussion of delinquent experiment stations. Need to discuss with the project administrative advisor, Kumar Venkitanarayanan (not in attendance).

4.  Discussed future hosting sites of meeting. Several options that were proposed were to: 1) Return to University of Missouri; 2) Host at Mississippi State; 3) Host at OARDC; 4) Return to Chicago, in relation with CRWAD; 5) Return to Chicago without participating in CRWAD. It was decided that participating in CRWAD presented too many logistic’s, especially with the CRWAD meeting changing meeting dates. The discussion was tabled to see how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic resolved and would affect future meetings sites.

5.  Open discussion of possibly having future meetings utilize a hybrid in person and distance meeting presentation format.

6.  Sam Rowe was nominated to serve as the NE-1748 secretary.

7.  Discussed the annual report (needs to be completed within 60days after the annual meeting). The report will be appended to these minutes and filed in NIMSS.

8.  Meeting was adjourned.

OBJECTIVE 1: Characterize host mechanisms and pathogenic virulence factors associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance to improve economic outcomes and animal welfare.

Louisiana State University

Member: William E. Owens

Identify and evaluate bacteria causing bovine mastitis in Louisiana. Test bacteria for antimicrobial resistance to mastitis therapeutics.

Michigan State University

Members: Ronald Erskine, Lorraine Sordillo, Pamela Ruegg

The Sordillo lab has continued to study the impact of negative energy balance and fat mobilization on vascular endothelial and adipose inflammatory responses and are defining the role of n-3 fatty acid content in altering the profile of vasoactive eicosanoids and the role of poly-unsaturated fatty acids on attenuating endothelial cell inflammatory responses. 

The Ruegg lab is working on defining differences among mastitis pathogens in pathogenesis and transmission, with focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae and the group of organisms broadly characterized as Streptococcal like organisms. 

Ohio State University

Member: Benjamin D. Enger

An evaluation of how mammary blood vessels grow and develop in the bovine mammary gland was completed to understand how these blood vessels achieve successful delivery of nutrients for milk synthesis and secretion and also immune cells to the mammary gland that are instrumental for resolving cases of mastitis. Calf mammary glands experiencing different degrees of growth were microscopically examined to determine how these blood vessels form for the first time. It was observed that blood vessels branch outward with the growing mammary tissues to support these new tissue structures. This indicates that the needs of the mammary tissues direct the development of blood vessels which enhances our understanding of how blood vessels grow and adapt during cases of mastitis. Such knowledge will also be important for understanding how the mammary gland heals after a case of mastitis and resumes its productive capacity.

Rutgers University

Member: Jeffrey M. Boyd, Paulmi Rudra, Javiera Norembuena, Erin Price

Characterize host mechanisms and pathogenic virulence factors associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance to improve economic outcomes and animal welfare. We have examined and characterized the SrrAB two component regulatory system which sences changes in cellular respiration. When respiration is inhibited or during fermentative growth, SrrAB responds by increasing expression of a number of virulence factors.

University of Minnesota

Members: S. Godden, E. Royster, L. Caixeta, N. Noyes, and B. Crooker

Contributors: P. Gorden (Iowa State), D. Nydam (Cornell), S. Sreevatsan (Michigan State), R. Fink (St. Cloud State)

B. A. Crooker, S. M. Godden, J. D. Lippolis and J. B. Cole. Reducing mastitis in the dairy cow by increasing the prevalence of beneficial polymorphisms in genes associated with mastitis resistance. Our premise is that previous selection practices have successfully increased the presence of genetic polymorphisms associated with increased milk yield but have decreased the presences of polymorphisms associated with disease resistance. We are using contemporary Holsteins (CH) and unique unselected Holsteins (UH) that have not been subjected to selection since 1964 to determine differences in immune and inflammatory responses and mammary gene expression. We will link differential phenotypic responses with whole genome sequencing to identify polymorphisms that impact mastitis resistance. These polymorphisms could enhance gene-assisted selection efforts to increase mastitis resistance. Intramammary challenge studies and data analysis are underway. Our first intramammary challenge study will be submitted in 2020.

N. Noyes, L.S. Caixeta, B.J. Heins, V.S. Machado, P. Pinedo. Catalyzing an open-community research and education program to leverage the microbiome for the advancement of organic livestock production, using mastitis as a test case. The two objectives of this study are (1) to describe the teat skin microbiome of dairy heifers in certified organic herds in the US and (2) to investigate the association between teat skin microbiome throughout the transition period and the occurrence of intramammary infections. Approximately 500 nulliparous heifers from 5 organic dairy herds in MN, CO, TX, and NM were enrolled in the summer and fall of 2019. Milk culture for the first 5 weeks post-partum for all the cows enrolled in the study was carried out during fall 2019 and spring 2020. DNA extraction and sequencing started in fall 2020 and it is expected to be completed in spring 2021. Data analysis and reported will be completed in 2022-2023.

K. Patel, S. Godden, E. Royster, B. Crooker, T. Johnson, E. Smith, S. Sreevatsan. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk samples of U.S. dairy herds. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance gene content, virulence determinants and genomic diversity of S. aureus in bulk tank milk samples (BTM) from U.S. dairy herds. Of 365 pooled BTM samples collected from 189 herds across the United States, S. aureus was cultured from 170 samples, indicating a sample prevalence of 46.6% in the BTM and a herd prevalence of 62.4% (118 out of 189 herds). Among a subset of 138 S. aureus isolates that were stored for further analysis, 124 were genome sequenced after being confirmed as S. aureus using phenotypic tests. Our findings indicated a high prevalence of S. aureus in BTM, with little evidence of antibiotic resistance but often carrying genes for the various enterotoxins. This study identified predominant genetic clones and provides continued surveillance of S. aureus strains found in U.S. dairy herds. Manuscript submitted in 2020 (in review).

University of Missouri

Members: John Middleton, Pamela Adkins

Contributors: Smantha Haw, Monica Witzke, Thomas McFadden, Scott Poock, Aaron Ericsson

We evaluated the impact of increased environmental heat and humidity on the microbiomes of lactating dairy cattle by conducting challenge trials including control, heat stress, and feed restriction groups. When evaluating the microbiomes of skin and bedding samples, we determined that Enterococcus appeared to be heat-responsive as evidenced by an increased abundance in bedding and on the inguinal and teat skin samples throughout the challenge period in heat stress cows. Although the milk microbiome exhibited some responses to heat and feed restriction challenges, it was overall highly variable over time.  

University of Vermont

Members: John Barlow, Feng-Qi Zhao

In collaboration with Tom McFadden’s group at the University of Missouri, Zhao Lab at VT investigated the timing and magnitude of acute local and systemic mammary responses to intramammary LPS challenge in lactating cows and revealed distinct local and systemic effects of LPS on milk yield and composition of milk and blood. In addition, Zhao’s lab found differential effects of LPS on milk protein expression in mouse mammary gland and mammary epithelial cells.

Oregon State University

Member: Massimo Bionaz

We have analyzed the whole transcriptome of the liver and macrophages isolated from the milk from Jersey cows fed with 1 kg of Alfalfa biofortified with Se/100 kg of BW. The results were partly presented to the 2020 ADSA Annual meeting. We detected very little effect of the treatment on the liver and we discovered that few macrophage samples were more close to mammary epithelial than macrophages (due to very high expression of casein genes and lactalbumin). Thus, the analysis of macrophages would need to be repeated.

Cornell University

Members: Paolo Moroni

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus host mechanisms and pathogenic virulence factors associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance in clinical and subclinical mastitis. Genome wide association study and the correlation between gene carriage, lineage and clinical outcome of IMI in a collection of S. aureus isolates from cattle from different country.We investigated the distribution of pathogenic non-agalactiae gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci (GPCN) in a convenience sample of New York State dairy farms. Our primary objective with the clinical mastitis (CM) GPCN samples was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC) resolution and bacteriological cure of Streptococcus dysgalactiae or Streptococcus uberis versus Lactococcus lactis or Lactococcus garvieae in cows that received an approved intramammary treatment.A large-scale comparative analysis of M. bovis genomes by integrating 103 publicly available genomes and our dataset (250 total genomes). Whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogeny using M.agalactiae as an outgroup revealed that M. bovis population structure is composed of five different clades.

University of Idaho

Member: Pedram Rezamand

The Rezamand lab continues to work on identifying relationships between nutrient metabolism during the periparturient period and health issues (mastitis) in Pacific Northwest dairy herds. An objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between the serum lipid-soluble vitamins of dairy cows and calves with mastitis status of the cows during the periparturient period. Blood samples of cows were obtained from early Spring to Winter of 2018 for a total of 645 periparturient cows and April to Jun of 2019 of total 599 periparturient cows on d-21, d-7, d+1, d+7 and d+14 relative to calving. In addition, we select a total of 230 cows focusing on mastitic and non-mastitic cows to evaluate IgG1 to IgG2 ratios during the periparturition period via a novel nanoparticle probe. Results showed that cows with mastitis had greater serum retinol compared with that of healthy cows postpartum in 2018. There was evidence of a α-tocopherol × mastitis interaction at various timepoints in 2018. for α-tocopherol and β-carotene in cows with mastitis tended to be lower than those of healthy cows in 2019. The IgG results show that the test detected an immune status change associated with IgG1/IgG2 relative quantity around the time of parturition.

University of Tennessee

Members: Gina M Pighetti, Oudessa Kerro Dego

Our prior research identified areas of the bovine genome and genes that potentially influence the strength and duration of the dairy cows’ immune response to intramammary infection. The genes identified suggest how Streptococcus uberis is transported and degraded within the mammary epithelial cell and could explain why some cows are better able to resist an infection compared to others. To investigate these as potential therapeutic targets, we initiated studies examining expression of these genes in mammary epithelial cells and how that changes with Strep. uberis infection. We also initiated how to reduce expression of these genes for future studies that will investigate if it improves or reduces the ability of Strep. uberis to survive within mammary epithelial cells. 

OBJECTIVE 2: Assess and apply new technologies that advance mastitis control, milk quality and/or dairy food safety.

Rutgers University

Member: Jeffrey M. Boyd, Paulmi Rudra, Javiera Norembuena, Erin Price

Assess and apply new technologies that advance mastitis control, milk quality and/or dairy food safety. We have been examining the mechanisms of metal toxicity to Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, we have determined that Cu enters S. aureus cells to poison Fe-S cluster prosthetic groups of enzymes. We have also examined some novel molecules that are bactericidal to S. aureus.

University of Minnesota

Members: S. Godden, E. Royster, L. Caixeta, N. Noyes, and B. Crooker

Contributors: P. Gorden (Iowa State), D. Nydam (Cornell), S. Sreevatsan (Michigan State), R. Fink (St. Cloud State)

L.S. Caixeta. Applying precision dairy farming and diagnostic technologies to detect mastitis at the time of and following dry off in dairy cows in a field study. The main objective of this study was evaluate accuracy of precision dairy monitoring and diagnostic technologies (i.e. differential somatic cell counter) in collecting data that effectively identifies appropriate animals for dry cow therapy compared to SCC and bacteriology. In this study, milk samples were collected 1d prior to dry-off and 3 and 5 days after calving. Milk samples were used for the measurement of differential SCC, SCC, and milk culture to identify intramammary infection. Cow enrollment and health and performance was completed between fall 2019 and fall 2020. Data analysis and reported will be completed in 2021.

Nusrat Annie Jahan, S. Godden, T. Schoenfus, C. Gebhart, E. Royster, S. Wells, J. Timmerman, and R. Fink. Evaluation of the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system in the detection of Mastitis pathogens from Bovine milk samples. In the present study, we prospectively compared MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry or MALDI-ToF) to the conventional 16S rDNA sequencing method for the identification of  mastitis isolates (481). Among the 481 milk isolates, 445 (93%) were putatively identified to the genus level by MALDI-TOF MS and 355 (74%) were identified to the species level, but no reliable identification was obtained for 16 (3.3%), and 20 (4.2%) discordant results were identified. In conclusion, our results show that MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and reliable technique which has the potential to replace conventional identification methods for most dairy pathogens, routinely isolated from the milk and dairy products. Manuscript submitted in 2020 (in review).

Godden, S., F. Peña Mosca, E. Royster, B. Crooker, P. Raynor, and K. Janni. Management of Recycled Manure Solids Bedding on Midwest Dairy Farms. Our objective was to investigate if recycled manure solids (RMS) processing method was associated with udder health, milk production, and with bedding bacteria counts (BBC) in ready-to-use RMS bedding samples. Twenty-nine premises in MN and WI were enrolled. Processing systems represented included green (GRN; n=7), drum composted (COM; n=4), digested (DIG; n=6) or mechanically dried (DRY; n=12). Farms were visited twice (summer 2019/winter 2020) to collect samples and data. Ready-to-use bedding was cultured to describe BBC. Results showed that herds using DRY or COM RMS processing systems generally had improved udder health and, for DRY, improved milk production, as compared to herds using DIG or GRN solids. Also, BBC were most consistently lowest in ready-to-use DRY or COM samples.  Manuscript is in preparation to submit in 2021.

Ohio State University

A study was initiated to determine if a commercially available teat sealant was effective in preventing new cases of mastitis from occurring in dairy heifers before they calve and begin producing milk. The study is currently ongoing. Results are expected to identify and refine management practices for farmers to better control this disease and prevent dairy heifers from being immediately impinged by a preventable disease immediately after starting to produce milk and recoup the investment imparted by the producer.

University of Missouri

Members: John Middleton, Pamela Adkins

Contributors: Smantha Haw, Monica Witzke, Thomas McFadden, Scott Poock, Aaron Ericsson

Associations between staphylococcal species intramammary infection, milk somatic cell count, and persistence of infection during lactation and over the dry period were found in dairy goats. We showed an association between the use of intramammary pirlimycin and short term changes in the fecal micrbiome of dairy cattle being treated for staphylococcal intramammary infections. We demonstrated an association between teat end preparation techniques and contamination of milk samples collected for milk culture with more contaminants being present when teats were not scrubbed with alcohol prior to sample collection. We also evaluated 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of milk samples and our results supported the use of higher PCR cycle numbers to evaluate these low microbial biomass samples. 

University of Vermont

Members: John Barlow, Feng-Qi Zhao

The Barlow lab has completed a study of the mammary microbiome of lactating organic dairy cattle and we have submitted this work for publication (in revision). The Barlow lab has completed a study applying machine learning to identify key predictors of pathogen strain type from multilocus sequence typing databases for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis. The Barlow lab has initiated a study comparing milk quality and mastitis prevalence on organic dairy herds utilizing different bedding management practices. NE-1748 members from Minnesota (Godden), Missouri (Adkins) will collaborate in this research.

University of Tennessee

Members: Oudessa Kerro Dego, Gina M Pighetti

A study was conducted to tracking and understand the sources of antimicrobial resistance on regional dairy farms. Most antimicrobial resistant bacteria were Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples and not bulk tank milk. Of these genes, an extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) gene was expressed by E. coli. In a separate study, this gene was noted to be present in E.coli isolated from bulk tank milk, farm floor, feeding, and watering troughs. A total of 122 suspected ESBLs-E. coli (106 from dairy cattle, and 16 from farm environments) were stocked for further confirmation by molecular analysis. Bacteria with potential to cause human illness (E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Pseudomona aeruginosa) were present and some demonstrated resistance to tetracycline, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid. This suggests dairy cattle and farm environments can harbor antimicrobial resistant bacteria with potential to cause human disease.

OBJECTIVE 3: Identify and apply new strategies associated with the control of mastitis that can reduce the use of antibiotics in dairy herds.

Louisiana State University

Member: William E. Owens

Continue evaluation of botanical formulations from plants for antimicrobial activity against mastitis pathogens.

Michigan State University

Members: Ronald Erskine, Lorraine Sordillo, Pamela Ruegg

The Ruegg lab conducted a randomized clinical trial that includes evaluation of differences among selected strep like organism causing mastitis in response to differing durations of antimicrobial therapy.  We also characterized usage of antimicrobials on 40 large dairy farms and have identified the proportion of antimicrobial usage that is associated with prevention and treatment of mastitis.

We are developing novel applications of vacuum analysis to determine milking efficiency in dairy herds.  This will provide an on-farm education platform for producers and/or employees regarding milking protocols.

Rutgers University

Member: Jeffrey M. Boyd

Examine the specific Staphylococcus aureus enzymes that are toxified by metals. Determine internal and external stimuli that trigger the SaeSR regulatory system to increase expression of virulence factors. Determine if we can utilize small molecules to modulates S. aureus behavior by stimulating the Sae and Srr regulatory systems.

University of Minnesota

Members: S. Godden, E. Royster, L. Caixeta, N. Noyes, and B. Crooker

Contributors: P. Gorden (Iowa State), D. Nydam (Cornell), S. Sreevatsan (Michigan State), R. Fink (St. Cloud State)

S.M. Rowe, S.M. Godden, D.V. Nydam, P.J. Gorden, A. Lago, A.K. Vasquez, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, M.J. Thomas. Randomized controlled non-inferiority trial investigating the effect of two selective dry cow therapy protocols on antibiotic use and udder health: quarter-level outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare culture- and algorithm-guided SDCT programs to blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) in a multi-site, randomized, natural exposure, non-inferiority trial on quarter-level infection dynamics during the dry period and on cow health and performance during the first 120 DIM. Results showed that the two SDCT approaches (culture- and algorithm-guided) each reduced antibiotic use at dry-off by 55%, without causing any negative impacts on intramammary infection dynamics during the dry period. An economic analysis showed an estimated positive economic return, on average, with either SDCT program. We conclude that SDCT can be used in appropriate U.S. dairy herds to reduce antibiotic use while maintaining udder health. Three manuscripts have been published in 2020, with a fourth in press.

University of Vermont

Members: John Barlow, Feng-Qi Zhao

The Barlow lab has completed collecting data from a field study exploring Staphylococcus aureus strain variation among dairy cattle and farm workers on 21 dairy farms producing farmstead of artisan cheeses. Strain typing and characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and genotypes has been completed for approximately 160 isolates and cross species (zoonotic) transmission dynamics of S. aureus will be explored using these data.

Utah State University

Members: David Wilson

Contributors: Kerry Rood, Justine Britten, and Chad Clancy

Udder halves were compared between one of 4 dry treatment groups including casein hydrolysate (CH) intramammary infusion alone or in combinations, and control (dry cow antibiotic plus teat sealant) in a split udder design.  Microscopic morphometry measured changes in alveolar epithelial cell height, alveolar luminal diameter, and interstitial stromal thickness during the first 7 days dry.  CH alone or combined with antibiotic and/or teat sealant was associated with some histological indications of increased mammary involution compared to controls at d 2 and d 7 dry. Casein hydrolysate may be a useful adjunct or replacement for dry cow antibiotic treatment.

Oregon State University

Member: Massimo Bionaz

We received funding to carry out an experiment with the objective to determine if the combination of feeding chicory and supplementing selenium would improve the response to intramammary infection with Strep. Uberis. The experiment was planned to be carried out in April 2020; however, due to the lockdown as response to Covid19, we had to post-pone our experiment to 2021.

Cornell University

Members: Paolo Moroni

The group conducted a randomized clinical trial that includes evaluation of differences antibiotics. We sampled healthy cows under DCT and implemented a within-subject experimental design based on udder quarters: each quarter received a different treatment: cephalonium dihydrate (first-generation cephalosporin), benzathine cloxacillin, and bismuth subnitrate (internal teat sealant); the last quarter was left untreated and served as experimental control. We hypothesize that antibiotic and non-antibiotic treatments for SDCT do not alter significantly the milk microbiome of healthy dairy cows: this would further support the replacement of antibiotics with teat-sealant for SDCT. We investigated the distribution of pathogenic non-agalactiae gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci (GPCN) in a convenience sample of New York State dairy farms. Our primary objective with the clinical mastitis (CM) GPCN samples was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC) resolution and bacteriological cure of Streptococcus dysgalactiae or Streptococcus uberis versus Lactococcus lactis or Lactococcus garvieae in cows that received an approved intramammary treatment.

University of Tennessee

Members: Oudessa Kerro Dego, Gina M Pighetti.

A year-long field-study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of using Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins (SASP) and Staphylococcus chromogenes surface proteins (SCSP) as a vaccine against staphylococci pathogens. An alternative vaccine strategy was initiated for E. coli, using enterobactin conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and will be assessing antibody titers in this pilot study. Dr. Pighetti also is in the process of evaluating field data from an 18 month study assessing the impact of nutritional supplementation on the number of mastitis cases occurring during high risk time periods, when selective antibiotic therapy of dry cows is employed.

WORK PLANNED FOR THE COMING YEAR, LISTED BY OBJECTIVE:

OBJECTIVE 1

Louisiana State University

Identify and evaluate bacteria causing bovine mastitis in Louisiana. Test bacteria for antimicrobial resistance to mastitis therapeutics.

Ohio State University

Mammary blood vessel growth will be examined in different regions of calf mammary glands that had been stimulated to experience different degrees of mammary growth and VEGFR2 will be localized and described in calf mammary glands.

University of Minnesota

B. A. Crooker, S. M. Godden, J. D. Lippolis and J. B. Cole. Reducing mastitis in the dairy cow by increasing the prevalence of beneficial polymorphisms in genes associated with mastitis resistance. To increase the power of the genotype scan, we have repeated the intramammary E. coli challenge with another 5 UH and 7 CH cows and have a 3rd study scheduled for early 2021. We will evaluate milk somatic cells from these studies to determine differences in expression of genes associated with responses to mastitis. We anticipate this will identify differential expression of genes that play important beneficial and detrimental roles in the magnitude and effectiveness of the immune response to mastitis. Data analysis will be completed and reported in 2021. Subsequent sequencing and identification of polymorphic differences in the genes and / or their regulatory components (transcription factors, etc.) between the Holstein genotypes will occur in late 2021.

C. Dean, L.S. Caixeta, N. Noyes, S. Godden, B. Crooker, F. Pena Mosca. Impact of the cow udder microbiome on the biodiversity of milk. Exploratory project to investigate the microbiome in different parts of the mammary gland. Sample collection scheduled for December 2020. DNA extraction, DNA sequencing and data analysis will be completed in spring 2021 with reporting in summer 2021.

University of Missouri

Longitudinal evaluation of intramammary infection and somatic cell count in Jersey cattle.  Evaluate associations between MALDI-TOF identified bacteria and milk somatic cell count to better define mastitis pathogens versus sample contaminants.

University of Vermont

Zhao Lab at VT will study the mechanism underlying the repression of milk protein expression by LPS.

Oregon State University

We would extract RNA from additional macrophage samples and, after testing their expression of CSN3 and LALBA using RTqPCR, we will perform the RNAseq analysis. After this we plan to publish the results of liver and macrophages.

Cornell University

Members: Paolo Moroni

Epidemiology study on Mycoplasma and longitudinal evaluation of intramammary infection and somatic cell count in cow positive to Mycoplasma bovis.  Evaluate associations between MALDI-TOF identified bacteria and milk somatic cell count to better define mastitis pathogens versus sample contaminants.

University of Idaho

We will continue to examine the relationship between nutrient metabolism and mastitis. 

University of Tennessee

Investigate the movement and degradation of Streptococcus uberis strains within mammary epithelial cells and macrophages relative to host proteins. Investigate the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in dairy farms in East Tennessee.

OBJECTIVE 2

University of Minnesota

L.S. Caixeta, S. Godden, W. Knauer, J. Hadrich. G. Cramer. Randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of administering Bovikalc® dry at dry off on udder health, early lactation health and performance, and economics in dairy cows. Randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of pre dry-off administration of acidogenic bolus on udder health during the dry period and in early lactation. Enrollment of cows is schedule for the spring 2021 and follow up period in fall 2021. Lactation health and performance for the first 100 DIM will continue into late fall 2021. Data analysis and reporting will be completed in 2022.

Godden, S., P. Raynor, R. Singer, E. Royster, J. Hadrich, K. Janni, B. Crooker, J. Bender, B. Alexander. Investigation of the Relationship between Method of Processing Recycled Manure Solids Bedding, Udder Health, Milk Quality, Air Quality, Antimicrobial Resistance and Economics on Midwest Dairy Farms.  Project objectives described above. Final results will be analyzed and manuscripts submitted in 2021. 

N. Noyes, L. Caixeta, B. Heins, V. Machado, P. Pinedo, A. Formiga, D. Van Nydam, J. Velez, H. Karremann. Catalyzing an open-community research and education program to leverage the microbiome for the advancement of organic livestock production, using mastitis as a test case. The long-term goal of this proposal is to ignite robust, systematic and application-driven microbiome research activity within the livestock community, thus producing a panoply of new, evidence-based tools to combat livestock disease and production challenges. Project objectives described above.  Field to collect samples, plus laboratory analysis will continue into 2020.

University of Vermont

The Barlow lab will continue studies of S. aureus strain variation and transmission dynamics on small dairy farms. The Barlow lab will continue the observational field studies comparing milk quality and mastitis prevalence on organic dairy herds utilizing different bedding management practices. NE-1748 members from Minnesota (Godden) and Missouri (Adkins) will collaborate in this research.

Utah State University

Screen a large panel of blood and serum clinical pathology tests on dairy calves and develop the most practical reduced panel of tests for prognosis and treatment of sick dairy calves during the first 60 days of life.  This will be compared to a clinical scale of calf disease signs as well as the treatment and disease or health outcomes of the calves.  The goal is to develop an affordable, rapid blood test panel that can be used on calves showing early signs of disease for better prognostic and treatment purposes, especially in large scale calf rearing.

Study different concentrations of a preservative for milk, colostrum and milk replacer fed to calves.  First phase will examine association with bacteria counts over time under the conditions which exist when those products are fed to dairy calves, in comparison with untreated milk.  The goal is to determine a safe but effective concentration of preservative that can be added to colostrum and milk fed to dairy calves.

Cornell University

Members: Paolo Moroni

Characterization of Streptococcus uberis host mechanisms and pathogenic virulence factors associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance in clinical mastitis.

University of Tennessee

Investigate the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli in dairy farms. Develop a review article on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the US dairy cattle production system and their implication on public health.

OBJECTIVE 3

Louisiana State University

Continue evaluation of botanical formulations from plants for antimicrobial activity against mastitis pathogens.

Michigan State University

Continue progress on projects outlined above. Also, conducting field study of the long term impact (efficacy, production, milk quality) of antimicrobial therapy on mild clinical mastitis. We are also developing an online Continuing Education course for veterinarians to build their capacity to evaluate milk quality for client dairy herds.

Ohio State University

We are going to evaluate the use of a teat sealant in non-lactating dairy heifers in their efficacy of preventing new intramammary infections at different stages of gestation. This will be done to determine if there is a better time to administer teat sealant to prevent more infections during late gestation than others.

University of Minnesota

S. Rowe, L.S. Caixeta, E. Royster, S. Godden. Clinical trial evaluating the health effects of reducing antibiotic use at dry-off in dairy cows. Randomized clinical trial comparing blanket dry cow therapy and no dry cow therapy in a low input commercial dairy farm. Enrollment of cows is schedule for the summer 2021 and follow up period in fall 2021. Lactation health and performance for the first 100 DIM will continue until winter 2021. Data analysis and reporting will be completed in 2022.

Godden, S. and E. Royster. Pilot Study: Refining a Culture-Guided Selective Dry Cow Therapy Program (SDCT) to Reduce Antibiotic Use on Dairy Farms. We hypothesize that by identifying and selectively treating only IMI caused by SSLO, we can dramatically reduce antibiotic use at dry-off by as much as 90%, while maintaining udder health, cow health and performance in the subsequent lactation (versus blanket DCT).  Our major objective will be to conduct a pilot study in 2 commercial herds to evaluate the effect of implementing a SDCT program that identifies and treats only IMI caused by SSLO on measures of quarter health, cow health and performance and antibiotic use (vs. BDCT). Covid permitting, field work will commence in spring, 2021.

University of Vermont

In collaboration with Tom McFadden’s group at the University of Missouri, Zhao Lab at VT is investigating oxidative damage and the role of Nrf2 in antioxidation in the mammary gland during mastitis. The aim of this work is to find natural means to activate Nrf2 signaling to control mastitis’s damage to the udders.

Oregon State University

We are planning to start the experiment with the objective to determine if the combination of feeding chicory and supplementing selenium would improve the response to intramammary infection with Strep. uberis this coming April 2021.

University of Tennessee

Evaluate efficacies of Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins (SASP), Staphylococcus chromogenes surface proteins (SCSP) vaccines against Staphylococcal and other mastitis pathogens in dairy cows. Develop nanoparticle-based delivery of SASP and SCSP vaccines. Evaluate the immunogenicity of enterobactin-KLH vaccine against E. coli mastitis in dairy cows. Analyze, summarize, and share the results regarding the potential use of a nutritional supplement to enhance the effectiveness of selective antibiotic therapy of dry cows.

Peer-Reviewed Literature

Michigan State University

Fuenzalida, M.J. and P.L. Ruegg.  2020.  Molecular epidemiology of non-severe clinical mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae occurring in cows on 2 Wisconsin dairy farms.  J. Dairy Sci.  103:3779-3792.  https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17464

Leite de Campos, J., A. Kates, A. Steinberger, A. Sethi, G. Suen, J. Shutske, N. Safdar, T. Goldberg, and P.L. Ruegg.  2021.  Quantification of antimicrobial usage in adult cows and preweaned calves on 40 large Wisconsin dairy farms using dose-based and mass-based metrics.  Accepted J Dairy Sci, Nov 2020

Ohio State University

Enger, B.D., S.N. Lehner, C.L.M. Parsons, R.M. Akers, and N.R. Hardy. 2020. Short Communication: Effect of intramammary infection and parenchymal region on collagen abundance in non-lactating bovine mammary glands. Appl. Anim. Sci. 36:688-693. doi:10.15232/aas.2020-02003.

Enger, B.D., S.C. Nickerson, R.M. Akers, L.E. Moraes, and C.E. Crutchfield. 2020. Use of commercial somatic cell counters to quantify somatic cells in non-lactating bovine mammary gland secretions. Vet. Prev. Med. 174:104775. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104775.

Rutgers University

Ferrer-Gonzalez E., Fujita J., Yoshizawa T., Nelson J., Pilch A., Hillman E., Ozawa M., Kuroda N., Al-Tameemi H., Boyd J.M., LaVoie E., Matsumura H., and Pilch D. Structure-Guided Design of a Fluorescent Probe for the Visualization of FtsZ in Clinically Important Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens. Nature Scientific Reports, 2019 PMID: 31882782

Norambuena J., Miller M., Boyd J.M.*, Barkay T.*, Expression and regulation of the mer operon in Thermus thermophilus. Environmental Microbiology, 2020 PMID: 32090420

Rudra, P., Boyd J.M. Metabolic control of virulence factor production in Staphylococcus aureus. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2020 PMID: 32388086.

Tiwari N., López-Redondo M., Miguel-Romero L., Kulhankova K., Cahill M.P., Al-Tameemi H., Herfst C.A., Kirby J.R., Boyd J.M., McCormick J.K., Salgado-Pabón W., Marina A., Schlievert P.M., Fuentes E.J., The SrrAB two-component system regulates Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity through redox sensitive cysteines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020 PMID: 32354997.

Price E.E., Boyd J.M., Genetic control of metal ion homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus. Trends in Microbiology, 2020 PMID: 32381454.

Dubovoy V., Nawrocki S., Verma G., Wojtas L., Desi P., Al-Tameemi H., Brinzari T.V., Stranick M., Chen D., Xu S., Ma S., Boyd J.M., Asefa T., Pan L., Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of the antimicrobial activity of cetylpyridinium tetrachlorozincate. ACS Omega, 2020 PMID: 32426592.

Dubovoy V., Desai P., Hao Z., Cheng C., Verma G., Wojtas L., Brinzari T.V., Boyd J.M., Ma S., Asefa T., Pan L., Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Investigation of a Novel Chlorhexidine Cyclamate Complex. ACS Crystal Design and Growth, 2020 doi.10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00107

Carabetta, V.J., Esquilin-Lebron K., Zelzion E., Boyd J.M., Genetic approaches to uncover gene products involved in iron-sulfur protein maturation: High throughput genomic screening using transposon-sequencing. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2020 accepted.

Al-Tameemi H., Beavers W.N., Norambuena-Morales J., Skaar E., Boyd J.M. Staphylococcus aureus lacking a functional MntABC manganese import system have increased resistance to copper. Molecular Microbiology. 2020 PMID: 33034093.

Juttukonda L.J., Beavers W.N., Horning K.J., Unsihuay D., Horvath D.J., Kim K., Weiss A., Pishchany G., Al-Tameemi H., Boyd J.M., Sulikowski G., Bowman E.B., and Skaar E.P. A small molecule modulator of metal homeostasis is toxic to Gram-positive pathogens. mBio. 2020 PMID: 33109764.

University of Minnesota

Rowe, S. , S. Godden, D. Nydam, P. Gorden, A. Lago, A. Vasquez, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, M. Thomas. 2020. Randomized controlled non-inferiority trial investigating the effect of two selective dry cow therapy protocols on antibiotic use at dry-off and dry period intramammary infection dynamics. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 103:6473-6492

Rowe, S. , S. Godden, D. Nydam, P. Gorden, A. Lago, A. Vasquez, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, M. Thomas.  2020. Randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of two selective dry cow therapy protocols on udder health and performance in the subsequent lactation. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 103:6493-6503

Rowe, S. , S. Godden, D. Nydam, A. Lago, A. Vasquez, E. Royster, J. Timmerman. 2020. Randomized Equivalence Study Comparing the Efficacy of Two Commercial Internal Teat Sealants in Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 103:5398-5413

Rowe, S. , S. Godden, D. Nydam, P. Gorden, A. Lago, A. Vasquez, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, M. Thomas.  2020. Evaluation of rapid culture, a predictive algorithm, esterase somatic cell count and lactate dehydrogenase to detect intramammary infection in quarters of dairy cows at dry-off. Prev. Vet. Med. 179:1-11  

Rowe, S., S. Godden, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, B. Crooker and M. Boyle. 2019. Cross-sectional study of the relationship between bedding materials, bedding bacteria counts and intramammary infection in late lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 102:11384–11400

Rowe, S., S. Godden, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, B. Crooker and M. Boyle.  2019. Cross-sectional study of the relationship between cloth udder towel management, towel bacteria counts and intramammary infection in late lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 102:11401–11413

Dean, C.J., Slizovskiy, I.B., Crone, K.K., Pfennig, A.X., Heins, B.J., Caixeta, L.S., and Noyes, N.R. 2020. Investigating the skin and teat canal microbiomes of the bovine udder using differing sampling and sequencing approaches. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Oct 29;S0022-0302(20)30860-2. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18277.

University of Missouri

Bernier Gosselin V, Dufour S, Middleton JR. 2020. Association between species-specific staphylococcal intramammary infection and milk somatic cell score over time in dairy goats. Prev Vet Med. Jan 174:104815

Adkins PRF, Ericsson A, Middleton JR, Witzke M. 2020. The effect of intramammary pirlimycin hydrochloride on the fecal microbiome of early lactation heifers. J Dairy Sci. 103(4):3459-3469

Wattenburger K, Schmidt R, Placheta L, Middleton JR, Adkins PRF. 2020. Evaluation of four different teat disinfection methods prior to collection of milk samples for bacterial culture in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 103(5):4579-4587

Shwani A, Adkins PRF, Ekesi NS, Alrubaye A, Calcutt MJ, Middleton JR, Rhoads DD. 2020. Whole genome comparisons of Staphylococcus agnetis isolates from cattle and chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol. Jun 2;86(12):e00484-20

Witzke MC, Gullic A, Yang P, Bivens NJ, Adkins PRF, Ericsson AC.  Influence of PCR cycle number on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of low biomass samples.  J Microbiol Methods.  Sep 176: 106033.

University of Vermont

Alexander Jonathan Spitzer, Qing Tian, Ratan Choudhary, and Feng-Qi Zhao. (2020). Bacterial endotoxin induces oxidative stress and reduces milk protein expression and hypoxia in the mammary gland. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Volume 2020, Article ID 3894309, 16 pages. DOI: 10.1155/2020/3894309

Oregon State University

Tsai, C., Rosa, F., Bionaz, M., & Rezamand, P. (2020). Effects of 2,4-thiazolidinedione (TZD) on milk fatty acid profile and serum vitamins in dairy goats challenged with intramammary infusion of Streptococcus uberis. Journal of Dairy Research, 1-8

Jaaf, S.; Batty, B., Krueger A., Estill, C.T.; Bionaz, M. (2020). Selenium biofortified alfalfa hay fed in low quantities improves selenium status and glutathione peroxidase activity in transition dairy cows and their calves. Journal of Dairy Research, May;87(2):184-190

Cornell University

Monistero V, Barberio A, Biscarini F, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Graber HU, Bottini E, Ceballos-Marquez A, Kroemker V, Petzer IM, Pollera C, Santisteban C, Veiga Dos Santos M, Bronzo V, Piccinini R, Re G, Cocchi M, Moroni P. Different distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical mastitis in six countries. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Apr;103(4):3431-3446. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17141. Epub 2020 Jan 31. PMID: 32008788.

Bronzo V, Lopreiato V, Riva F, Amadori M, Curone G, Addis MF, Cremonesi P, Moroni P, Trevisi E, Castiglioni B. The Role of Innate Immune Response and Microbiome in Resilience of Dairy Cattle to Disease: The Mastitis Model. Animals (Basel). 2020 Aug 11;10(8):1397. doi: 10.3390/ani10081397. PMID: 32796642; PMCID: PMC7459693.

Hoekstra J, Zomer AL, Rutten VPMG, Benedictus L, Stegeman A, Spaninks MP, Bennedsgaard TW, Biggs A, De Vliegher S, Mateo DH, Huber-Schlenstedt R, Katholm J, Kovács P, Krömker V, Lequeux G, Moroni P, Pinho L, Smulski S, Supré K, Swinkels JM, Holmes MA, Lam TJGM, Koop G. Genomic analysis of European bovine Staphylococcus aureus from clinical versus subclinical mastitis. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 23;10(1):18172. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75179-2. PMID: 33097797; PMCID: PMC7584570.

Wemette M, Safi AG, Beauvais W, Ceres K, Shapiro M, Moroni P, Welcome FL, Ivanek R. New York State dairy farmers' perceptions of antibiotic use and resistance: A qualitative interview study. PLoS One. 2020 May 27;15(5):e0232937. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232937. PMID: 32459799; PMCID: PMC7252592.

Kumar R, Register K, Christopher-Hennings J, Moroni P, Gioia G, Garcia- Fernandez N, Nelson J, Jelinski MD, Lysnyansky I, Bayles D, Alt D, Scaria J. Population Genomic Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis Elucidates Geographical Variations and Genes associated with Host-Types. Microorganisms. 2020 Oct

10;8(10):1561. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8101561. PMID: 33050495; PMCID: PMC7650767.

Calonzi D, Romano A, Monistero V, Moroni P, Luini MV, Biscarini F, Castiglioni B, Cremonesi P. Technical note: Development of multiplex PCR assays for the molecular characterization of Streptococcus uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Jan;103(1):915-921. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16823. Epub 2019 Nov 6. PMID: 31704014.

Scillieri Smith JC, Moroni P, Santisteban CG, Rauch BJ, Ospina PA, Nydam DV. Distribution of Lactococcus spp. in New York State dairy farms and the association of somatic cell count resolution and bacteriological cure in clinical mastitis samples. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Feb;103(2):1785-1794. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-16199. Epub 2019 Dec 19. PMID: 31864733.

Biscarini F, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Stella A, Bronzo V, Locatelli C, Moroni P. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Teat-Sealant and Antibiotic Dry-Cow Treatments for Mastitis Prevention Shows Similar Effect on the Healthy Milk Microbiome. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Sep 2;7:581. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00581. PMID: 32984415; PMCID: PMC7492605.

Mann S, Curone G, Chandler TL, Moroni P, Cha J, Bhawal R, Zhang S. Heat treatment of bovine colostrum: I. Effects on bacterial and somatic cell counts, immunoglobulin, insulin, and IGF-I concentrations, as well as the colostrum proteome. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Oct;103(10):9368-9383. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18618. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32828510.

Wemette M, Greiner Safi A, Wolverton AK, Beauvais W, Shapiro M, Moroni P, Welcome FL, Ivanek R. Public perceptions of antibiotic use on dairy farms in the United States. J Dairy Sci. 2021 Jan 14:S0022-0302(21)00003-5. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17673. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33455793.

University of Idaho

Tsai, C. Y. R. Hassan, H. C. Hung, T. Weber, W. J. Price, P. Rezamand*, and Q. Huo. 2020. A Rapid Blood Test to Monitor the Immune Status Change of Dairy Cows and to Evaluate their Disease Risk during the Periparturient Period.  Sensors International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100078

University of Tennessee

Amenu K, Agga GE, Kumbe A, Shibiru A, Desta H, Tiki W, Kerro Dego O, Wieland B, Grace D, S. A. 2020. Community-tailored training to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women regarding hygienic milk production and handling in the Borana pastoral area of southern Ethiopia. Journal of Dairy Science 103:9748 – 9757. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18292.

Kerro Dego O. Bovine mastitis part I, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93483, Published online (September 2, 2020), Available from, https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/bovine-mastitis-part-i. (chapter)

Kerro Dego O. Control and Prevention of Mastitis: Part Two. IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93484, Published online (August 27, 2020). Available from, https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/control-and-prevention-of-mastitis-part-two. (chapter)

Kerro Dego O. Current Status of Antimicrobial Resistance and Prospect for New Vaccines against Major Bacterial Bovine Mastitis Pathogens.IntechOpen, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94227, Published online (October 19, 2020), Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/current-status-of-antimicrobial-resistance-and-prospect-for-new-vaccines-against-major-bacterial-bov (chapter)

Kerro Dego O, Pacha PA, Gillespie BE, Pighetti GM. Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis Infection Model by Teat Dipping in Bacterial Culture Suspension in Dairy Cows. MDPI Animals 2020, 10(5), 751.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050751.

Lee, A, S Schexnayder, L Schneider, S Oliver, G Pighetti, C Petersson-Wolfe, J Bewley, S Ward, P Krawczel. 2019. Dairy producers in the Southeast United States are concerned with cow care and welfare. J Dairy Res. 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029919000943.

Vaughn JM, Abdi RD, Gillespie BE, Kerro Dego O. 2020. Genetic diversity and virulence characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cases of bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog 144:104171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104171.

Abstracts

Oregon State University

Busato S. and M Bionaz. 2020. Selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay supplementation modulates liver and macrophage gene expression in periparturient dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 103 (Suppl. 1):124

Ohio State University

Enger, K.M., N.R. Hardy, and B.D. Enger. 2020. Effect of intramammary infection on colostrum antibody concentrations. Pages 209-210 in Natl. Mastitis Counc. Annu. Mtg. Proc., Orlando, FL, Natl. Mastitis Council Inc., New Prague, MN.

Hardy, N.R., K.M. Enger, and B.D. Enger. 2020. Quantifying mammary growth and proliferative effects of estradiol in Holstein heifer calves. J. Dairy Sci. 102 (Suppl. 2):XXX. Accepted.

Hardy, N.R., K.M. Enger, and B.D. Enger. 2020. Mammary blood vessel development in response to estradiol administration in heifer calves. J. Dairy Sci. 103. (Suppl. 1):168.

University of Minnesota

Lippolis, J. D., E. J. Putz, T. A. Reinhardt, E. Casas, W. J. Weber, B. A. Crooker. 2020. The effect of 50 years of breeding on the ability of Holsteins to fight mastitis. International Milk Genomics Consortium. 17th International Symposium (Virtual). October 13-16. Hosted by UC Davis.

Godden, S., F. Peña Mosca, E. Royster, B. Crooker, J. Hadrich, P. Raynor, R. Singer, and K. Janni. Investigation of the Relationship between Method of Processing Recycled Manure Solids Bedding and Udder Health and Production on Midwest Dairy Farms. Proc. Annu. Mtg. Am Assoc. Bovine Pract. Sept. 24-26, 2020. (virtual). 

Godden, S., F. Peña Mosca, E. Royster, B. Crooker, J. Hadrich, P. Raynor, R. Singer, and K. Janni. Investigation of the Relationship between Method of Processing and Bacteria Counts in Ready-to-Use Recycled Manure Solids Bedding on Midwest Dairy Farms Proc. Annu. Mtg. Am Assoc. Bovine Pract. Sept. 24-26, 2020. (virtual). 

Godden, S., E. Royster, J. Timmerman and N. O’Sell. Efficacy of a Stabilized Liquid Potassium Sorbate Preservative to Reduce Bacterial Proliferation in Colostrum or Tank Milk Stored by Refrigeration or at Room Temperature. Proc. Annu. Mtg. Am Assoc. Bovine Pract. Sept. 24-26, 2020. (virtual). 

Rowe, S.M*., Nydam, D.V., Godden, S.M., Gorden, P., Lago, A., Royster, E., Vasquez, A., Thomas, M. 2020. Partial budget analysis of selective dry cow therapy strategies. American Dairy Science Assoc. Annual Meeting, USA. June 22-24, 2020 (virtual)

Rowe, S.M.*, Godden, S.M., Nydam, D.V., Lago, A., Thomas, M., Royster, E., Vasquez, A., Timmerman. J., Thomas. M.. 2020. Randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of two selective dry cow therapy protocols on antibiotic use and udder health, Proc. 59th Annual meeting of the National Mastitis Council. Jan 28-30, 2020. Orlando, FL.

Rowe, S.M.*, Godden, S.M., Nydam, D.V., Lago, A., Royster, E., Vasquez, A., 2020. Randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of two commercial internal teat sealants in dairy cows. Proc. 59th Annual meeting of the National Mastitis Council. Jan. 28-30, 2020. Orlando, FL

Rowe, S.*, S. Godden, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, D.V. Nydam, A.K. Vasquez, P. Gorden, A. Lago, and M. Thomas. Selective Dry Cow Therapy on US Dairy Farms: Impact on Udder Health and Productivity. 2019 Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Nov. 2-5, 2019. Chicago, IL.

Rowe, S.*, S. Godden, E. Royster, J. Timmerman, D.V. Nydam, A.K. Vasquez, A. Lago. 2019. Randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of two commercial internal teat sealants in dairy cows. 2019 Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Nov. 2-5, 2019. Chicago, IL

Dean, C., Fernandes, L., Sharpe, K., Junior, A., Ray, T., Baumann, C., Wehri, T., Heins, B., Pinedo, P., Machado, V., Caixeta, L.S., Noyes, N. “Community research and education program to use the microbiome for the advancement of organic livestock production”. Proceedings of the 100th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animals Diseases, Chicago, IL, 2019.

Baumann, C., Dean, C., Fernandes, L., Sharpe, K., Antunes Junior, A. M., Ray, T., Wehri, T., Heins, B., Pinedo, P., Formiga, A., Machado, V., Caixeta, L.S., Noyes, N. “Incidence rates of mastitis in heifers on organic dairy farms’. Proceedings of the 100th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animals Diseases, Abstract 041. Poster presentation. Chicago, IL, 2019.

Fernandes, L., Guimaraes, I., Noyes, N.R., Caixeta, L.S., Machado, V.S. “Impact of subclinical mastitis during the first month of lactation on milk yield, fertility, and culling of dairy cows on USDA-certified organic herds”. ADSA Conference. Virtual Conference, 2020.

University of Missouri

Kurban D, Bolduc E, Roy JP, DeVries T, Gervais R, Adkins P, Middleton JR, Keefe G, France A, Dufour S.  2020.  An observational transversal study on the prevalence of staphylococcal intramammary infections after calving in primirparous vs multiparous cows milked using an automatic milking system.  Journée de la recherche FMV - Research day at FVM. University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  19 March 2020.

University of Vermont

F.-Q. Zhao, T.B. McFadden, R.K. Choudhary, E.M. Shangraw, R.O. Rodrigues, A.J. Spitzer. Intramammary endotoxin challenge elicits time-dependent local and systemic effects on lactating bovine mammary glands. CRWAD 2019, Chicago. Oral

Choudhary RK, Spitzer A, McFadden TB, Shangraw EM, Rodrigues RO, Linder HF, Zhao F-Q (2019) Quantitative histological changes in lactating bovine mammary gland after endotoxin challenge. ADSA Annual Meeting 2019, Cincinnati, Ohio. Oral

Conference Proceedings

Michigan State University

Erskine, R.J. and A. J. Swan. The Veterinarian’s/Consultant’s Role in Milk Quality. Short course presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council, Orlando, FL, January 30th, 2020.

Erskine, R.J. Three ways to lose money on a farm: A view from the udder. Seminar presented at the Western Canadian Dairy Seminar, Red Deer, Alberta, March 11th, 2020.

Erskine R.J. Dry cow management for udder health. Webinar presented for University of Wisconsin webinar series-Dry cow management for a successful lactation. June 11th, 2020. 

Erskine R.J. and R.S. Thomson. Podcast presented for the A.A.B.P. Why udder prep matters. November 19th, 2020.

Ruegg, P.L.  Understanding the economic impact of mastitis.  The role of duration and drug selection.  2020. Pp 84-91 in Proc. 3rd Am. Assoc. Bov. Pract. Recent Graduate Conf. Columbus OH, Feb 21-22, 2020.  Available online:  www.aabp.org  

University of Minnesota

Bedding management and udder health – Getting better results from recycled manure solids and sand bedding. Godden, S., F. Pena Mosca, E. Royster, J. Timmeran, B. Crooker. 2020. Proc. Annu. Mtg. MN Dairy Health Conference. Aug. 6, 2020. (virtual).

Using Rapid Culture Systems to Guide Selective Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and at Dry-off. S. Godden, E. Royster and J. Timmerman. 3 hrs Short Course #1 at 59th Annu Meeting of the National Mastitis Council. Jan 28-30, 2020. Orlando, FL.

University of Missouri

Kurban D, Bolduc E, Roy JP, DeVries T, Gervais R, Adkins P, Middleton JR, Keefe G, France A, Dufour S.  2020.  An observational transversal study on the prevalence of staphylococcal intramammary infections after calving in primirparous vs multiparous cows milked using an automatic milking system.  Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council, Orlando, FL. 

Ankney SR, Rivero LA, Witzke MC, Naclerio A5, Adkins PRF, Middleton JR. 2020.  Comparison of two techniques for collecting milk samples to diagnose intramammary infection in dairy cattle.  Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council, Orlando, FL

Witzke MC, Rodrigues RO, Shangraw EM, Ericsson AC, McFadden TB, Adkins PRF. 2020 Feed restriction and heat stress alters the fecal microbiome.  Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council, Orlando, FL

University of Vermont

F.-Q. Zhao, T.B. McFadden, R.K. Choudhary, E.M. Shangraw, R.O. Rodrigues, A.J. Spitzer. Intramammary endotoxin challenge elicits time-dependent local and systemic effects on lactating bovine mammary glands. CRWAD 2019, Chicago. Oral

Choudhary RK, Spitzer A, McFadden TB, Shangraw EM, Rodrigues RO, Linder HF, Zhao F-Q (2019) Quantitative histological changes in lactating bovine mammary gland after endotoxin challenge. ADSA Annual Meeting 2019, Cincinnati, Ohio. Oral

Utah State University

Wilson DJ, Britten JE, Clancy CS, Rood KA: Bovine mammary gland involution histology and morphometry following casein hydrolysate and other dry treatments. Proc 63rd Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diag: 2020.

Poster Presentations

Michigan State University

Leite de Campos, J., A. Steinberger, T. Goldberg, N. Safdar, A. Kates, J. Sutske, A. Sethi, G. Suen and P. Ruegg.  2020.  Distribution of antimicrobial usage for mastitis using two metrics.  Pp 223-224 in Proceedings 59th Ann. Meeting NMC.  Jan 28-31, 2020.  Available www.NMConline.org

Kolar, Q. K., S. M. Godden, and P.L. Ruegg.  2020.  Duration of subclincial mastitis prior to occurrence of non-severe clinical mastitis – results of a preliminary analysis. Proceedings 59th Ann. Meeting NMC.  Jan 28-31, 2020.  Available www.NMConline.org

Rutgers University

Schaeffer L.M., Begum-Gafur R., Zaidel L., Crane S., Norabuena-Morales J., Boyd J.M., The effect of Zinc and tin of the growth and oxidative stress response of key oral bacteria. International Association for Dental Research Meeting. Washington D.C. 3/2020.

Norambuena J.,  Boyd J.M., Aeration Influences Copper Toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus. Rutgers Microbiology Symposium. New Brunswick, NJ. 2/2020.

Esquilin-Lebron K., Foley M., Carabetta V., Beavers W., Skaar E., Boyd J.M., Iron-Sulfur Protein Assembly in Gram Positive Bacteria. Rutgers Microbiology Symposium. New Brunswick, NJ. 2/2020.

Almeda-Ahmadi A., McGinley C.M., Boyd J.M., The Effects of Varying Concentrations of Cetylpyridinium Tetrachloride with Tin on the Growth of Common Oral Cavity Bacteria. Rutgers Microbiology Symposium. New Brunswick, NJ. 2/2020.

Norambuena J., Al-Tameemi H., Boyd J.M. Staphylococcus aureus lacking a functional MntABC manganese import system have increased resistance to copper. American Society National Meeting.  Virtual 7/2020.

Price, E.E. Mashruwala A.A., Boyd J.M. Examining Activators of SaeRS in S. aureus Fermentative Biofilm Formation American Society National Meeting.  Virtual 7/2020.

Norambuena J., Al-Tameemi H., Boyd J.M. Staphylococcus aureus lacking a functional MntABC manganese import system have increased resistance to copper. Boston Bacteriology Meeting.  Virtual 7/2020.

Esquilín-Lebrón K., Foley M., Carabetta V., Beavers W., Skaar E.P., Boyd J.M. Investigating the role of YlaN in iron homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus. Boston Bacteriology Meeting.  Virtual 7/2020.

University of Minnesota

Rowe, S.M.*, Godden, S.M., Nydam, D.V., Lago, A., Royster, E., Vasquez, A. 2020. Randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of two commercial internal teat sealants in dairy cows. Poster presentation. National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting. Jan. 28-30, 2020. Orlando, FL, USA

Rowe, S.M.*, S.M. Godden, E. Royster, J. Timmerman and M. Boyle. Cross-sectional study of the relationship between cloth udder towel management, towel bacteria counts and intramammary infection in late lactation dairy cows. Poster Presentation. 2019 Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Nov. 2-5, 2019. Chicago, IL.

Rowe, S.M.*, S.M. Godden, E. Royster, J. Timmerman and M. Boyle. Cross-sectional study of bedding bacteria counts and intramammary infection in late lactation dairy cows. Poster presentation. 2019 Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Nov. 2-5, 2019. Chicago, IL.

University of Vermont

Shangraw E, Rodrigues R, Witzke M, Linder HF, Choudhary R, Spitzer A, Zhao, F-Q, McFadden TB (2019) Intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion elicits local or systemic effects depending on milk component. ADSA Annual Meeting 2019, Cincinnati, Ohio. Poster

Other Publications

Ohio State University

Enger, B.D. 2020. Blanket, selective, or no dry cow therapy: Which should I choose? OARDC Extension. Dairy in brief (DIB) # 22-20.

Enger, B.D. 2020. Therapy of Clinical Mastitis in Tough Economic Times. OARDC Extension. Dairy in brief (DIB) # 41-20.

University of Tennessee

Eckelkamp, E., K. Hash, and G. Pighetti. 2020. On-Farm Culture Setup. UT Extension Publication, W 946.

Hash, K., E. Eckelkamp, and G. Pighetti. 2020. Aseptic Milk Sampling Guide: Taking Clean Samples. UT Extension Publication, W 945.

Cox, M., E. Eckelkamp, G. Pighetti, P. Krawczel, and R. Trout Fryxell. 2019. Dairy parlor management: Fly control. UT Extension Publication, W 817.

Couture, V. G. Pighetti, P. Krawczel, and E. Eckelkamp. 2019. Managing mastitis in heifers and dry cows. UT Extension Publication, W 813.