Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Objective 1. Integrating technological advances into poultry systems. This will include collaborative research on incorporating engineering and technology to enhance system efficiency and sustainability through infrastructure development of blockchain production.

1a. Engineering and Technology

AL - Auburn U. - Pacheco

Since October 1st 2019, a total of 9 Feedstuffs articles have been published and 3 extension bulletins have been published through the Alabama Extension website. A total of 5 presentations have been presented to a wide variety of audiences including students, faculty, poultry integrators as well as to the poultry and feed industries in Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia. Four student interns and 3 graduate students have been trained in feed processing and poultry nutrition technology.

MD - U. of Maryland - Weimer

The Cocci Lesion Assessment project was a collaboration with Kate Miska at the USDA-ARS in Beltsville, MD. Broilers were challenged with coccidiosis (Emeria tenella) and the pathogenicity of the coccidial lesions were scored visually on a 0-4 scale. Digital images of the ceca were taken and the length, width, and lesion surface area were measured and calculated in ImageJ for each cecum in each image. The results from this project suggest that digital image technology has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool to determine the pathogenicity of coccidia.

The Chicken Tracking project is a collaboration with the University of Maryland Computer Science department developing algorithms to detect and predict broiler chicken behavior using deep learning neural network computer vision models. Behavior coding, video and image processing, and validation are ongoing.

The aim of the Broiler Leg Health project is to establish and validate novel techniques to assess broiler leg health. We are investigating several applications for techniques to assess gait and skeletal integrity. We are currently in the early planning stages and will test prototypes in the coming months.

PA - Penn State U. - Patterson  

As an alternative for hatching egg sanitation, pulsed UV light was optimized for the inactivation of E. coli and Enterococcus faecium on shell eggs using a modified egg candling conveyor then tested on fertile hatching eggs. We determined PUV had no negative effects on fertility, hatchability or chick liability to 6wks and the system has promise for industrial scale-up.

PA - Penn State U. - Boney  

Animal feed producers are starting to implement more harsh processing techniques to control food borne pathogens and subsequent food borne illness outbreaks.  Examples of these techniques include increased steam conditioning temperatures and increased steam conditioning barrel retention time. These techniques may also improve feed milling efficiency and pellet quality. However, cost savings from improvements to physical feed quality and manufacturing efficiency is limited to the degree in which nutrients are degraded or denatured from these harsher techniques. Studying the interactions between milling efficiency, pellet quality, animal health, and performance is crucial for success in the changing poultry industry. Recent study results from the Boney lab demonstrate the ability to maintain turkey poult performance (D1-28) and bone mineralization when applying thermally aggressive processing strategies to improve feed manufacturing efficiency and pellet quality. On-farm nutrient segregation may also be affected by integrating new manufacturing techniques. Recent data from the Boney lab describes how investing in improved pellet quality can minimize nutrient segregation, providing a more similar plane of nutrition across the poultry house. Furthermore, the length of the feed line in the poultry house contributes to the degree of nutrient segregation. These consideration must be considered when investing feed quality improvements.

1b. Environmental Control and Management

IL -  U. of Illinois - Koelkebeck, Gates, and Xiong

Continuous Air Quality Monitoring in Alternative Laying Hen Houses.

We evaluated the thermal comfort and air quality in commercial alternative layer houses, using the iPMU systems for simultaneous measurements of interior environmental parameters, including house temperature, ammonia (NH₃), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations during cold and warm conditions.

Six iPMUs were placed in three different hen houses on one site, including two aviaries (AV1 and AV2) and an enrichable cage house (EC) from February 1st to July 1st, 2019. The average daily ambient temperature ranged from -13.1 to 26.7⁰C. The overall averaged interior air temperatures were 9.6 to 35.2⁰C (AV1); 14.2 to 39.5⁰C, (AV2); and 24.1 to 31.4⁰C (EC). There was a variation in temperature distribution between the top and the bottom levels for all three houses, indicating the thermal environment was not uniform in the vertical direction. Overall, the hens in all three houses experienced THI conditions from normal to emergency categories.

The average CO₂ concentrations ranged from approximately 400 to 5,800 ppm for the three hen houses. During monitoring, 75% of the CO₂ measurements were lower than 5,000 ppm for all three poultry houses. The NH₃ concentrations recorded within the barn ranged from 2 to 54.2, 1.5 to 14.2, and 1.6 to 47.3 ppm on average, for AV1, AV2, and EC, respectively, with extreme values above 80 ppm observed during colder outside temperatures. During monitoring, 75% of the NH₃ concentrations were below 60 ppm for all three houses. A variation was notable for NH₃ concentrations measured between the top and bottom levels.

The thermal environment and the gas concentrations in these facilities were not uniform. Both winter minimum ventilation and summer tunnel ventilation were not sufficient during some monitoring periods, and further improvement to the ventilation management strategies would be helpful. Management practices to monitor the interior thermal environment, investigate the air inlets performance (number of inlets and air velocity), adjust operational static pressure (which drives the air inlets), or which fans to operate during coldest conditions, should be considered by the producer.

PA - Penn State U. Patterson

Vegetative environment buffers have been studied and incorporated onto poultry farms for 5 major conservation practices: 1. For landscaping, screening and beautifying, 2. To improve air quality, 3. To improve water quality, 4. For energy conservation, and 5. For biomass production. More recently we studied the impact of buffers as cover for outdoor birds as protection from predators and the elements and their merits to enhance utilization of outdoor spaces and well-being.

Objective 2. Establishing and adopting husbandry practices to a changing industry landscape. This collaborative research will encompass a multi-disciplinary approach to create a resilient poultry production system through optimal management of inputs and outputs in an ethically responsible manner.

2a. Nutritional Strategies and Feed Manufacture

AL - Alabama A&M - Vizcarra

The following projects were conducted:

Alternatives to the skip-a-day feeding method in broiler chickens: Hemp (Cannabis sativa) supplementation

Systemic infusion of acylated and des-acyl ghrelin on feed intake, weight gain, corticosterone, and growth hormone concentrations in male broiler chickens

The effect of ghrelin agonists and antagonists on feed intake and animal behavior in chickens and turkeys.

Corticosterone infusion and the concentrations of insulin, ghrelin and glucose in full fed and feed restricted birds

Feed restriction and mild hypothermia on concentrations of ghrelin, corticosterone and pulmonary arterial pressure in broiler chickens

The effect of short-term feed restriction on spatial memory: Development of a novel galliform model.

IN - USDA-ARS - Cheng

Dietary Synbiotic Supplementation Reduces Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens.

The research was conducted in collaboration with Dr. M. Erasmus and Dr. Brad Kim (Purdue University) and Dr. G.R. Murugesan (Biomin America, Inc.). This study was to examine the effects of a dietary synbiotic supplement on growth performance and health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. Day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments for 42 days: regular diets mixed with the synbiotic at 0, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg feed. The results indicate that dietary supplementation increases bone growth and meat quality in broilers under a cyclic heating episode via increased bone mineral variability, inhibited bone resorption, and enhanced immunity and muscle oxidative stability. The findings provide insights for poultry meat producers and scientists to develop novel management strategies for increasing skeletal health and welfare of broilers, particularly in the areas that experience hot climates.

Probiotic, Bacillus Subtilis, Prevents Injurious Behaviors and Increases Skeletal Health in Laying Hens.

This study was conducted with Dr. M. Erasmus, Dr. Brad Kim and Dr. Tim Johnson (Purdue University). This project works on prevention or alleviation of social stress and related injurious behaviors and skeletal damage in laying hens by developing an animal-friendly method. The objectives of this study were 1) To determine if probiotic, bacillus subtilis, reduces social stress in caged hens via regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-medullary-adrenal axis; 2) To examine if probiotic, bacillus subtilis, prevents social stress-induced injurious behaviors and osteoporosis in caged hens by regulating the serotonergic system via the microbiota-gut-brain axis; and 3) To determine if probiotic, bacillus subtilis, increases health status and well-being in caged hens via regulating intestinal and systemic immunity. The chicks were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) non-beak trimmed chicks fed a regular diet, 2) beak trimmed chicks fed the regular diet, and 3) probiotic-treated chicks (non- beak trimmed chicks fed the regular diet mixed with probiotic). Hens were evaluated for skeletal and foot health, feather quality, egg production traits, feed intake, causes of death, behavior, physiological responses, and gut microorganism changes. The data indicate that the dietary probiotic supplement increases skeletal health and reduces injurious behaviors in laying hens, resulting from up-regulation of brain serotonergic system and down-regulations of proinflammatory cytokines.

HI - U. of Hawaii - Jha

The research done in Dr. Jha's laboratory emphasizes on “Nutrition programing to improve the gut health of monogastric animals,” and “Evaluating novel feedstuffs and feed additives for their nutritional value and functional properties in pigs and poultry” using both in vivo and in vitro digestion and fermentation models. Of particular interest is “Early nutrition programming in broiler chickens” using an in ovo inoculation model.

HI - U. of Hawaii - Misra

Dr. Misra's lab is focused on improving the laying persistency and egg production traits. We identified the novel genes and biological pathways involved in the egg production in the oviduct of laying hens. Further, we delineated the mechanism by which environmental heat stress affects the egg production, and egg quality in the oviduct of laying hens.

MN - U. of MN - Johny

Our group investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of lemongrass essential oil and the major component of cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), against Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in ground turkey. Ground turkey was mixed with either essential oils or nothing, and the product was then inoculated with SH. SH counts after storage at refrigeration temperature showed that essential oils reduced SH by 100-fold in ground turkey. We also investigated the effect of essential oils on the cell wall of SH to understand the mechanistic basis for bacterial inactivation. Analysis under the microscope revealed that the essential oils damaged the SH cell wall, potentially resulting in its death. The results of this study indicated that essential oils show promise in reducing SH in ground turkey during refrigerated storage. Ongoing studies further explore the applications of essential oils in turkeys and ground turkey in combination with other control measures.

We also investigated the potential of TC against SH on broiler drumsticks at scalding conditions intended for organic poultry processing. Broiler chicken drumsticks were inoculated with SH and were immersed in treatment water containing different concentrations of TC alone or in combination with peracetic acid (PAA) at scalding conditions. After scalding, the drumsticks were appropriately processed to obtain surviving SH populations. We also determined the efficacy of the scalding treatments against SH survival on drumsticks during chilled storage for 2 days. Additionally, the effect of the treatments on the surface color of drumsticks was evaluated. Results revealed that PAA and its combination with TC resulted in a significant reduction of SH. Moreover, the same treatments inactivated SH to non-detectable levels from the scalding water without adversely affecting the surface color of the drumsticks. The study revealed that TC could be an alternative antimicrobial for SH control in organic poultry processing. We are currently investigating the potential of TC against Salmonella on whole carcasses.

Similar to the previous project, we investigated the potential of caprylic acid (CA), a medium-chain fatty acid, against SH on broiler drumsticks during scalding. All methods were similar to the project that investigated TC against SH on drumsticks. Results revealed that PAA alone or in combination with CA resulted in more than 2 log reduction on the drumsticks without affecting the surface color. More investigations are ongoing to validate the findings on whole carcasses.

MS - Mississippi State - Zhai

Effects of Riboflavin and Bacillus Subtilis on Blood Components of Male Broiler with or without Coccidial challenge.

Probiotics, along with intestinal commensal bacteria, produce bile salt hydrolase (BSH). BSH hydrolyze conjugated bile, which depletes the emulsification capacity of bile salt and reduces lipid digestion and absorption. In this study, we hypothesized that the supplementation of extra riboflavin (as a BSH inhibitor and an antioxidant) in diet along with probiotic Bacillus subtilis minimize the adverse effects of coccidial challenge, reduce stress, and increase antioxidant enzyme. The objective was to determine the effects of riboflavin, Bacillus subtilis, and coccidial challenge on blood Heterophil to Lymphocyte (H: L) ratio, which is a stress indicator; serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is an antioxidant enzyme that removes superoxide to protect cells, and their relationship with the development of woody breast (WB). A total of 1,248 d-old Ross 708 male broiler were randomly assigned to 12 treatments in a 3 × 2 × 2 (riboflavin × Bacillus subtilis × cocci) arrangement, and each treatment consists of 8 replicating blocks. Diets with 3 levels of riboflavin, (0.75, 6.6 (recommended), and 20 ppm, with or without Bacillus subtilis (1.1×108 CFU/Kg) were fed to the birds. On d 14, 20× doses of commercial cocci vaccine were orally gavaged to birds in the challenged groups. On d 35, one bird per pen was selected, and blood was collected. There was no difference in the H: L ratio among the treatments. When birds were fed 6.6 ppm of riboflavin, cocci challenge lowered serum SOD levels. Eimeria spp proliferation in the intestinal cells can increase the production of free radicals (superoxide). More SOD may have been consumed to neutralize the increased free radicals in challenged birds, which resulted in lower SOD. The H:L ratio was positively correlated with the moderate WB, which indicates that increased severity of WB might have induced more stress in birds or vice versa. In conclusion, riboflavin and Bacillus subtilis did not alter the stress induced by the coccidial challenge and development of WB; however feeding different levels of riboflavin during coccidial challenge might affect birds’ antioxidation enzyme production and utilization.

Eimeria Challenge and Feed Additives Affected Broiler Woody Breast Incidence.

Woody breast (WB) is a common breast muscle myopathy condition in the current commercial broilers. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of antibiotic and probiotic on WB incidence in male and female broilers with or without cocci challenge. A total of 672 male and 672 female Ross × Ross 708 day-old chicks were randomized assigned to 12 treatments with a 3 (diet) × 2 (cocci challenge) × 2 (sex) factorial arrangement in 8 blocks. The 3 dietary treatments were: control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet), antibiotic diet (basal diet + 6.075 mg bacitracin /kg feed), and probiotic diet (basal diet + 2.2 × 108 CFU Bacillus subtilis PB6 /kg feed). One mL 20 × cocci vaccine was orally gavaged to chicks in cocci challenge treatments on d 14. Birds in non-challenged treatments received same volume of distilled water. On d 29, 35, and 43, breast conditions in live birds were determined by palpation and grouped into Normal, Slight, Moderate, and Severe conditions by the severity of WB. Data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA. Cocci challenge increased incidences of Moderate WB on d 29, Slight WB in male birds on d 35, and total Moderate and Severe WB on d 43. On d 43, supplementation of antibiotic or probiotic to the basal diet increased overall WB incidence in birds not receiving cocci challenge; cocci challenge increased overall WB in birds fed control diet. Birds fed antibiotic or probiotic diet exhibited higher Slight WB incidence than those fed control diet. In addition, male birds exhibited higher incidence of Slight WB on d 29, Moderate WB on d 35, and Moderate and Severe WB on d 43, as compared to female birds, which may be due to higher growth rate in male birds. In summary, on d 43, antibiotic and probiotic supplementation increased WB incidence in non cocci-challenged group; and cocci challenge increased WB incidence in birds fed control diet. Manipulation of intestinal microbial by antibiotic or probiotic administration or cocci challenge may have disrupted the original microbiome balance in the chicken gastro intestinal tract and induced stress and subsequently increased WB incidence.

Effects of Nutrients Reduction on the Growth Performance and Economic Analysis of Ross 708 Broilers.

Modern broilers exhibited fast growth rate, which caused poor meat quality and animal welfare problems. To decrease the growth rate, the current study investigated amino acid and energy reduction on the growth performance and economic return of Ross 708 broilers. The study used a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of 12 treatments (3 energy × 4 AA). The 3 apparent metabolizable energy (AME) levels were 100, 92, and 84% of the commercial diet. The 4 levels of digestible AA (Lys, TSAA, and Thr) were 100, 90, 80, and 70% of the commercial diet. A total of 864 broilers were randomly allocated to 6 blocks. Each block contained 12 pens with 12 birds per pen.

Broilers fed 70% AA and 100% AME exhibited the lowest average body weight (ABW) on d 10, 24, 34, and 41; and lower daily body weight gain (DBWG) than broilers fed 70% AA and 92% AME during d 0-10, 10-24, 24-34, and 34-41. These results suggested that AME reduction would not decrease ABW or DBWG when broilers fed low level of AA. AME or AA reduction would increase FCR. Broilers fed 84% AME exhibited higher FCR than 100% AME during d 41-48 or during d 0-10 when broilers fed 90% AA. Similarly, broiler fed 70% AA exhibited the highest FCR among all levels of AA during d 10-24. The increased FCR related with daily feed intake (DFI). Broilers fed 84 and 92% AME exhibited higher DFI than 100% AME during d 0-10 or d 41-48 when broilers fed 70% AA. Broilers fed 70% AA and 100% AME exhibited lower DFI than 11 groups during d 10-24, 9 groups during d 24-34 and d 34-41. However, nutrients reduction increased gross margin return. Broilers fed 70 or 80% AA exhibited lower feed cost/BW and higher return than 100% AA on d 41 and 55. In addition, broilers fed 84 or 92% AME exhibited lower feed cost / BW and higher return than 100% AME on d 41 and 55.In conclusion, AME or AA reduction would negatively increased DFI and FCR, but could decrease feed cost and increase return.

PA - Penn State U. - Patterson

Organic poultry production in the US has a sunset on the utilization of synthetic methionine in poultry diets that will severely limit poultry meat and egg production, efficient nutrient utilization and environmental sustainability. Therefore, alternative technologies and feedstuffs will be necessary to meet poultry methionine requirements into the future. We have done considerable research into Black Soldier Fly Larvae, meal and oil as alternative feedstuffs for laying hens and to document their life cycle analysis compared to traditional feedstuffs with the WWF. The larvae and meal are a concentrated source of methionine.

MS - Mississippi State U. - Wamsley

Establishing the digestible isoleucine requirement of Ross 708 male broilers for each feeding phase; Results:  Starter and Grower dlle requirements have been estimated using growth parameters and economic analysis. All dIle requirements were estimated using quadratic regression (95% of the asymptote; QR), as well as linear and quadratic broken line models (LBL; QBL). For the starter phase (0-18 d), estimated requirements for BW, BWG, and FCR ranged from 63 – 74 % dIle:dLys (0.76-0.90% dIle) depending upon the regression model utilized. For the grower phase (14-28 d), estimated requirements for BW, BWG, and FCR ranged from 62.22 – 69.57% dIle:dLys (0.68-0.76 % dIle) depending upon the regression model utilized. Additionally, the range for dIle:dLys for % Breast and Tender relative to Body Weight was from 63 – 84% (0.69 – 0.92% dIle). Remaining dIle requirements will be established for the finisher and withdrawal phases in the upcoming year.

Evaluating the optimal dLys and AME for Cobb MV × Cobb 500 throughout growout; Pesults:  Experiment 1: Cobb MV × Cobb 500 male broilers fed HAA (1.28% dLys) during the starter phase had the lowest d 0-14 FCR and uFCR. Additionally, feeding starter diets formulated to ≤ ME (3070 kcal/kg AME) improved d 0-14 FCR, while feeding ≤ LE (2980 kcal/kg AME) improved d 0-28 FCR. Experiment 2: Feeding Cobb MV × Cobb 500 females the Grower diets formulated to ≥1.08% dLys or ≤3116 kcal/kg AME optimized breast yield (relative to d 42 carcass weight). Also, a stepwise increase in d 42 breast weight when increasing grower dLys levels from 1.00 to 1.18% was found. Feeding Cobb MV × Cobb 500 female broilers the Grower diet formulated to 1.18% dLys + 3028 kcal/kg AME (fed from 14-28 d) was the most profitable at the end of the grow-out period (d 42). The finisher phase research will be conducted in this calendar year.

Response of broilers fed phytase enzymes of different optimal pH ranges alone or in combination; Results:  Three phytases (A, B and C) with unique characteristics in their sequence or IP6 hydrolysis were evaluated for complimentary action upon IP6 via combinations of A, B, and/or C. Feeding A+B+C at 240 FTU/kg led to maximized BWG beyond birds fed C at 120 FTU/kg, A+B+C at 120 FTU/kg, C at 240 FTU/kg, and A at 240 FTU/kg. Birds fed of A, B, C, A+B, B+C, or A+C had similar tibia ash % regardless of FTU/kg. Feeding A+B+C at 240 FTU/kg increased IP5. Birds fed B alone had improved Ca digestibility with increased activity fed, while those fed A alone and A+C had reduced digestibility at 240 FTU/kg. Feeding B and B+C increased P digestibility at higher phytase activities. Birds fed B, B+C, and A+B+C demonstrated improved amino acid digestibility at 240 FTU/kg, while those fed C and A+C exhibited a reduction. Future research will conduct a full grow-out with similar phytase inclusion strategies, but with higher activity levels.

KY - U. of Kentucky - Pescatore and Adedokun

A series of experiments to evaluate determine ways to mitigate the effects of stress in birds exposed to different types of stress ranging from coccidia vaccine to heat stress. Also, the effect of stress on energy and nutrient digestibility and utilization of diets was also investigated. Furthermore, the possibility of the removal of anti coccidia drugs from poultry diets would likely increase the possibility of gastrointestinal challenges in poultry. To this effect, we conducted a series of studies to evaluate the potential of a poultry intestinal stress related effect on several variables including digestibility, intestinal inflammation and permeability, as well as serum levels of heat shock protein in control and challenged birds. Results from these studies shows that nitrogen excretion in broilers and laying hens could be reduced by careful control of dietary nutrients during diet formulation and that intestinal stress could decrease the intestinal integrity of poultry.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary inorganic Zn (ZnO 80 or 30 mg Zn/kg diet) versus Zn proteinate (Bioplex® Zn, 80 or 30 mg Zn/kg diet Alltech) on keel bone damage. Birds without any deviation from normal were a 1, any deviation was given a 2; while a deviation resembling the shape of an ‘S’ was given a 3. At 29 weeks of age a score of 1 was given to 27% birds, a 2 was given to 70%, and a 3 to 3%. At the end of the 36-week period, a score of 1 was given to 8% of birds, a score of 2 to 55%, and a score of 3 to 37%. Hens receiving the lowest level of Zn as ZnO had greater incidence of keel bone deformity than with Bioplex®Zn.

A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of using in ovo application of γ-tocopherol vitamin E (GTVE) on green muscle disease (GMD). Eggs were hand-injected with 100ul of canola oil or 30IU GTVE in canola oil (in mixed tocopherols 95, DSM) on ED (embryo day) 12 or 18.5. In ovo GTVE regardless of the time of ED injections reduced GMD to 45.82% compared to 62.5 and 91.58% for canola and control groups.

2b. Disease Control and Management

MN - U. of Mnnesota - Noll

Footpad Dermatitis in Commercial Turkeys.

Footpad dermatitis is a welfare concern characterized by skin inflammation with erosion and ulceration of the footpad. Assessment at processing allows better observation. Live bird scoring (LS) is difficult due to adherence of litter but could yield important information. The study objective was to investigate agreement between LS and postmortem (PM) score. Hybrid Converter hen turkeys were housed at different stocking densities and bedding material. The footpads of 6 and 14 wk old hens (N=24 per age) were scored by two observers after minimal removal of material (LS) and then re-scored PM after sampling and storage in 10% buffered formalin resulting in a cleaner pad. Footpads were scored (Berg, 1998 0- no lesion and 2- severe) and a composite score given. One sample proportion test was used to test the agreement of LS and PM scores of the same turkey hen and age group. Spearman correlation tested the association of LS and PM scores. At 14 wk, 13, 63, and 25% of turkeys had LS score of 0, 1, and 2, respectively with average of 1.13. The average PM score was 1.13 with 33, 21, and 46% having scores of 0, 1, and 2, respectively. A moderate correlation was found between LS and PM (r=0.59, P=0.0028) and reported earlier (Furo et al., 2017). Agreement was 54% (95% CI 33, 74%). The most discrepancy in score occurred at score 1. For hens at 14 wk with a LS of 1 (N=15), three were subsequently re-scored PM as 0 and seven as 2. In conclusion, agreement between LS and PM footpad score was better for turkeys assessed at 6 wk versus 14 wk. At 14 wk, the LS and PM discrepancy at score 1 (mild lesions) indicated it was more difficult to assess perhaps due observation conditions. Thus further data collection is needed, with possible revision of current footpad scoring schemes advised.

AL - Auburn U. - Bourassa

Dr. Bourassa’s lab is focusing on prevention strategies to minimize the occurrence and levels of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella and Campylobacter on poultry and poultry products. Our main areas of focus have been the identification of target areas for improvements in food safety and sanitation through the use of processing plant biomapping, application of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) in combination with an acidifier for the reduction of Campylobacter during processing and on final products, and transmission of Salmonella on dust within poultry houses.

Extension activities included addressing urgent concerns of the Alabama commercial poultry industry as well as the industry nationwide. This included quarterly HACCP Roundtable meetings where industry personnel and FSIS can come together to discuss current regulatory issues. In addition to serving the poultry industry, both public and youth groups were served through programming including youth poultry judging training and contests (4-H and FFA).

AL - Auburn U. - Macklin

Dr. Macklin's Lab research has focused primarily around on farm - Salmonella mitigation strategies as well as exploring novel Salmonella recovery methods. To date windrow composting as well as the use of an organic acid salt have shown promise in reducing this pathogen in the environment. Results from the novel Salmonella recovery had shown that surgical shoe covers were the most effective; however, in research setting repurposed paint rollers were almost as effective and under research pen trials much easier to perform. Some additional ongoing research is looking at the effect coccidiosis infection has on Salmonella colonization. This research is ongoing. Concluded research that was performed with the feed milling specialist was a survey of feed mills in Alabama with the goal of determining the bacterial levels associated with feed and its ingredients. Results of that study had shown the recovery of no Salmonella, though based on E. coli recovery it is possible if the feed mill and finished feed is poorly managed/handled. In addition, several spore forming Clostridia and Bacillus survived the pelleting process. These bacteria originated from currently utilized ingredients or had persisted in the feed mill from previous used ingredients. These findings show that proper feed mill cleaning is important and if a pathogenic spore former is present crucial to reduce the chance of spreading it to flocks being fed feed from that mill. Whole genome sequencing is being conducted to identify any potential toxins being produced by these bacteria.

Extension activities included addressing urgent concerns of the Alabama commercial poultry industry as well as the industry nationwide. Educating feed mill managers on the best management practices that should be in place for proper storage and manufacturing of feed in order to minimize any potential animal and human health issues that may arise. Working with poultry veterinarians on methods to reduce and/or control the spread of protozoal and bacterial pathogens.

In addition to serving the poultry industry, both public and youth groups were served through programming including youth poultry judging training and contests (4-H and FFA). Educating backyard/small flock poultry producers on how to raise and manage their animals, proper handling, regulatory requirement and methods for converting live birds to meat products.

GA - U. of Georgia - Thippareddi and Bekkers 

The focus of Dr. Thippareddi’s lab is to mitigate the risk of Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence and concentrations as well as the antimicrobial resistance in those pathogens in poultry and poultry products throughout the poultry production processing continuum. The main areas of focus are to identify and evaluate methods to reduce the concentrations at the production related to the broiler environment (water, feed, litter and air), manipulation of poultry gut microbiome through use of pre- and probiotics and other feed/water ingredients unit operations at processing from loading through further processing of products.

MD - U. of Maryland - Weimer

The aim of the Salmonella Project is to evaluate the differences in the susceptibility of conventional and slow-growing broilers to a Salmonella typhimurium Samples have been collected but processing and analysis have been paused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The results from this project will provide data on the impact of growth rate on resident intestinal microbiota and the effect of a pathogen challenge on intestinal microbiome response.

2c. Physiological Responses to Environment and Welfare

MD - U. of Maryland - Weimer

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Weimer was working with Delmarva integrators on applied research projects as well as providing technical assistance with animal welfare program assessments. These activities will resume once UMD approves resumption of extension.

MI - Michigan State U. - Siegford and Swanson

Research in the Animal Behavior and Welfare Group under Dr. Siegford and Dr. Swanson falls predominantly under NE-1942 Objective 2c: Establishing and adopting husbandry practices to a changing industry landscape: Physiological Response to Environment and Welfare. In particular, their work focuses on examining alternative housing systems and space, including access to litter, on the behavior of laying hens. Recent projects have examined how different commercial strains of laying hens respond to an aviary environment. Their work has demonstrated that white hens show more use of perches to roost, nests to lay eggs and litter for dust bathing compared to brown hens, which lay eggs within a shorter window and typically have more space between themselves and other hens. Most recently, PhD candidate Tessa Grebey’s work is examining differences in dust bathing among strains of hens as impacted by social context, litter restriction and time of day. Dr. Siegford also works with colleagues examining how various types of precision livestock farming technology, ranging from body worn sensors to computer vision, could be used to provide information on individual laying hens to reduce damaging behavior and to better meet birds’ needs. Dr. Swanson serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the United Egg Producers to ensure that laying hen standards, including those that apply to hens in alternative housing systems, are based on science.

PA - Penn State U. - Boney

Pennsylvania’s proximity to large population centers along the east coast and their ever-changing demands explains the diversity of the poultry industry in the state. Animal welfare organizations have marketed their practices as superior. Scientifically evaluating these practices to ensure animal welfare improvement is imperative. Furthermore, re-evaluating husbandry practices within the bounds of the welfare organization of choice may maximize both profit potential and animal welfare. These data can be used by integrators when deciding which voluntary programs they wish to use. A recent study compared commercial lighting programs and programs associated with a nationally recognized animal welfare organization. Study results demonstrated how turkey poult performance and bone mineralization can be affected by lighting programs. Additional research in this area would greatly benefit the industry.

CA - U. of California-Davis - Blatchford, Makagon, and Xiang

The group at University of California, Davis engaged in research in the areas of poultry behavior, poultry welfare and meat science. The group conducted several projects to the use of commercially available sensors for automated tracking of poultry. These projects aimed to enhance our understanding of the effects of ectoparasites on laying hen behavior, the potential for using acoustic sensors to track movement, and whether hen-mounted sensors impact hen behavior. Additionally, the group completed a study of the impacts of rearing on the behavior of hens in enriched colony cages, and initiated a study into the effects of access to vertical space during rearing on the incidence of keel bone fractures as laying hens, cognitive development, and bone development. A systematic literature review about the impacts of housing on keel bone fracture prevalence was also completed. Research evaluating the trade- offs and relative reliabilities of animal-based welfare assessment strategies for commercial ducks was brought to completion. The group’s meat program evaluated the effect of chilling methods (water chilling vs. air chilling) on the shelf life of bone-in and boneless chicken breast. A novel microbiome tool was developed to determine the shelf life of chicken product from this project.

The tracking individual birds in large flocks has long been a constraint in studying the behavior and welfare of poultry flocks. Automated recording of individuals allows for this tracking and provides both individual and flock based measures. When these sensors are well developed they may also provide less labor intensive monitoring of flocks for producers. However, before sensors can replace behavioral observations, it is important to ensure that the sensors produce accurate data and that their presence does not affect bird behavior or welfare.

High prevalence of keel bone fractures among egg laying hens is an important and global poultry welfare concern. A recent systematic review of literature on this topic completed by our group has highlighted the need for research comparing assessment methods to facilitate comparison of data from different research labs. The need for work on developmental aspects of keel bone damage was also highlighted. Our group is conducting research to fill both of these knowledge gaps.

Commercially raised ducks have received relatively little scientific attention from the animal welfare assessment standpoint. Although duck welfare assessments are conducted in research and production settings, there have been few efforts to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the welfare assessment protocols used. A scientific comparison of welfare assessment strategies for ducks provides assurances about the relative accuracy of commonly used assessment strategies, and allows for benchmarking of the welfare of ducks in relation to management strategies.

A systematic evaluation of the two chilling methods has provided to poultry industry. The evaluation included shelf life of chicken, energy usage and economic impact. Scientific evidence was provided from this project to industrial partners, assisting with the decision-making if they want to shift the chilling method from one to another.

2d. Housing Systems

MN - U. of Minnesota - Noll

Partial Slotted Flooring (PSF) System for Market Turkey Toms.

Market turkey toms were reared in PSF system from 6 to 18 wks of age. Red Rooster Double L Classic Plastic Flooring was installed to form 30% of the total floor area (with a pit underneath to collect waste) with the remaining floor area with bedding. Feeders and waterers were placed over the flooring to maximize waste collection. The control treatment was 100% of the floor area with bedding. The trial examined the influence of stocking density on turkey performance, carcass quality and litter characteristics due to previous observations that the turkeys spend most of their time in the bedded areas as compared to the area with flooring. Performance and carcass quality were similar between flooring treatments. Feed efficiency improved as stocking density decreased. Foot pad scores were more severe for turkeys at increased stocking density or reared on the conventionally bedded pens. Research supported by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture.

MD - U. of MD - Eastern Shore - Moyle

The following activities were done:

On farm field day for training growers and allied industry (450+ attendees) on improving farm management, including: information controller management, environmental controls, litter management and government regulations.

Used thermal camera to show how migration fences can effect ventilation during hot weather.

Held trainings for growers (and techs 100+) on how to manage their controllers to improve house performance and efficiency.

Evaluated noise reduction benefits of vegetative buffers.

Management workshop for new growers.

NC - NC State U. - Vukina

Vote vs. Buy Gap in Case of Californian Battery-cage Ban.

The objective of this research is to analyze the conditions under which individuals, nearly all of whom regularly consume animal products (for example eggs) may support legislation that requires farm production practices that result in improvements in perceived animal welfare. In many cases, individuals support such legislation even though these production practices increase farm costs and cause higher prices for all consumers. For example, more than 60% of the voters in California supported the ban on production of eggs with hens kept in cages, however their revealed willingness to pay for cage-free eggs is actually low and the projected social welfare loss is very large. We are in the process of developing an economic model that will explain this discrepancy between the voting and purchasing decisions and test the propositions of the theoretical model with the precinct level data on Proposition 2 referendum in California.

NC - NC State U. - Anderson

The egg industry is moving towards extensive production systems with a current estimate of 75 mil hens in cage free systems. This is to meet the desire of Retail consumers for this product however, individual family consumer demand has slowed due to the increased egg prices associated with this shift. These changes have been documented to not improve the welfare of the hens or the safety of the food they produce in systems which are more “humane”. Problem is that the consumers are far removed from production agriculture and don’t understand the inherent issues associated with animal production and the risks to the animal in more extensive systems

North Carolina Layer Performance and Management Test extension program has been on-going for 61 years in cooperation with the NC Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and the Primary Breeders of Commercial Egg Strains. The 40th NCLPMT Final Report Vol 40 No. 5 was published in July 2019. The NCLP&MT was designed to examine the strain by production system performance in an unbiased manner for egg producers in North Carolina and throughout the world. The test provided insight to egg companies to understand potential problems related to the management of the different genetic strains of white and brown egg layers that they may experience. These strains are commercially available in production systems used in the US and Europe.

The results were disseminated to communities of interest via electronic means for the first time. This actually increased the audience. The reports are maintained on a web site and open to the regional, national, and international egg producers. The information is also used as the basis for training at regional and national meetings for the egg industry. The increased electronic communications have enhanced the reach of the project and continues to expand. The International Breeder Companies has deemed the NCLP&MT not relevant to the industry resulting them pulling their support. However, producers located around the world still value the information as indicators of strain by environment interactions. Research has also been focused on internal parasites in cage free and free range systems.

What was accomplished under these goals? The 40th NCLP&MT final report includes non-feed- withdrawal program in all production systems without the use of any light restriction. Both White and Brown egg layers participated in the research project at the Piedmont Research Station. The hens in all systems experienced a respite from egg production with a 20% body weight loss in extensive production systems in White and Brown Egg Strains. The hen blood chemistry, stress physiology, livability and subsequent productivity of the hens having undergoing the non-anorexic molt are the key aspects along with taking into account the costs of feed and management. These costs may be more than compensated for by the expected reduction in mortality and increased salable eggs produced under the non-anorexic program which would provide additional monetary returns. There appears to be products which will reduce the incidence of internal parasites in range systems

KY - U. of Kentucky - Pescatore and Adedokun

Experiments were conducted laying flocks in commercial situations. The first experiment assessed whether movements of free-range laying hens were influenced by changing the locations of movable habitat enrichments, the research demonstrated moving shade in a range affected laying hen movement and location within the range. The second experiment identified a correlation between personality attributes of a stockman and flock productivity and developed a regression using production and personality parameters that yielded an 81.85% predictability of expected results. Key personality traits were emotional control and the relationship between detail orientation and assertiveness.

AL – Bourassa

Harris, C.E., L.N. Bartenfeld, D.V. Bourassa, B.D. Fairchild, B.H. Kiepper, and R.J. Buhr. Evaluation of drinking water antimicrobial interventions on water usage, feed consumption, and Salmonella retention in broilers following feed and water withdrawal. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 28:699-711.

Talorico, A.A., J.T. Krehling, K.S. Chasteen, L. R. Munoz, A. Pal, M. Bailey, D.V. Bourassa, and K.S. Macklin. Effect of windrow composting on Salmonella Enteriditis persistence in poultry litter. PSA Annual Meeting, July 15-18, 2020. Virtual.

Pal, A., M. Bailey, A. A. Talorico, J.T. Krehling, K.S. Macklin, and D.V. Bourassa. Examination of poultry litter as a potential source for airborne pathogens. PSA Annual Meeting, July 15-18, 2020. Virtual.

Bourassa, D.V., A. Giron, K.L. Woods, W.J. Pacheco, and K.S. Macklin. 2020. Mejora de la calidad e inocuidad de huevos en pequeños gallineros. ACES ANR-2657.

Bourassa, D.V., K.L. Woods, W.J. Pacheco, and K.S. Macklin. 2020. Enhancing egg quality and safety in small flocks. ACES ANR-2642.

Norton, R.A., K.S. Macklin, and D.V. Bourassa. What is the current state of the food supply? Poultry Times. V: 67 N: 12 June 08, 2020.

Norton, R.A., S. Rodning, E. Monu, D.V. Bourassa, A. Tigue, and J. Sawyer. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the meat industry and food safety. Food Safety Magazine. eNewsletter. June 16, 2020.

Norton, R.A., K.S. Macklin, and D.V. Bourassa. Poultry science professors comment on food supply, poultry processing operations.

WATT AgNet.com press release. May 5, 2020. https://www.wattagnet.com/articles/40231-poultry-science-professors-comment- on-food-supply-poultry-processing-operations

Growing America press release. May 5, 2020. https://www.growingamerica.com/news/2020/05/auburn-university-poultry- science-professors-comment-food-supply-poultry-processing-operations

Geneva County Reaper. May 5, 2020. https://www.oppnewsonline.com/2020/05/01/poultry-science-professors- comment-on-food-supply-poultry-processing-operations/

Bourassa, D.V. Bacteria on eggshells can be a concern. Chicken Whisperer Magazine. Spring 2020.

Bourassa, D.V. Substantial impact of septicemia/toxemia carcass condemnations. WOGS Newsletter, June 2020.

Bourassa, D.V. Factors impacting frequency of dead on arrival (DOAs). WOGS Newsletter, May 2020.

Bourassa, D.V. Suggestions for employee safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. WOGS Newsletter, March 2020.

Bourassa, D.V. Biomapping for better process control. WOGS Newsletter, February 2020.

Bourassa, D.V. Impact of chilling rate on incidence of spaghetti breast. WOGS Newsletter, November 2019.

Bourassa, D.V. Minimizing the cropper as a source for carcass contamination. WOGS Newsletter, October 2019.

Hall, M., D.V. Bourassa, and A. Fanatico. Slaughter and processing of poultry. Small and Backyard Poultry eXtension Webinar. June 16, 2020.

AL - Macklin

Macklin, K.S., and R. Hauck, ed., Overview of Helminthiasis in Poultry, in the 12th edition of The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2019. Merial Select, Inc., Duluth, GA. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/poultry/helminthiasis/helminthiasis-in-poultry

Poudel, A., T. Hathcock, P. Butaye, Y. Kang, S. Price, K. Macklin, P. Walz, R. Cattley, A. Kalalah, F. Adekanmbi and C. Wang. 2020. Comparison of microbiota, antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in flies and the feces of sympatric animals. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 96 (4), 1-13.

Hamilton, M., X. Ma, B. McCrea, M. Carrisosa, K. Macklin, C. Zhanf, X. Wang and R. Hauck. 2020. Influence of Eimeria spp. infection on chicken jejunal microbiota and the efficacy of two alternative products against the infection. Avian Disease, 64 (2), 123-129.

Muñoz, L., W. J. Pacheco, J. Krehling, K. Chasteen, A. Tailorico, L. Brooks, J. Evatt, and K. Macklin. 2020. Evaluation of commercially manufactured animal feeds to determine presence of Salmonella, E. coli, and Clostridium perfringens. International Poultry Science Forum Abstract M127, Atlanta, GA. Jan. 27-28, 2020.

Carrisosa, M., K. Macklin, C. Wang and R. Hauck. 2020. Development and application of a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Eimeria maxima. International Poultry Science Forum Abstract M31, Atlanta, GA. Jan. 27-28, 2020.

Herron, C., K. Macklin and A. Morey. 2020. New food safety challenges facing the poultry and meat industry with the advent of online meal delivery services. International Poultry Science Forum Abstract P217, Atlanta, GA. Jan. 27-28, 2020.

Chasteen, K., K. Macklin, J. Krehling, L. Munoz and A. Talorico. 2020. The effect of low pH formic acid salts on litter performance. International Poultry Science Forum Abstract P264, Atlanta, GA. Jan. 27-28, 2020. (25%).

Padgett, J., P. Price, T. Gaydos, R. Berghaus, J. Baxter, C. Hofacre, M. Sims and K. Macklin. 2020. Strategies to reduce colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in layers. International Poultry Science Forum Abstract P275, Atlanta, GA. Jan. 27-28, 2020.

Haiderer, H.E., J. Krehling, L. Munoz, A. Talorico and K.S. Macklin. 2020. Evaluating roller swabs for Salmonella spp. detection. AU Student Research Forum. Auburn, AL. May 15, 2020. Virtual.

Talorico, A.A., J.T. Krehling, K.S. Chasteen, L. R. Munoz, A. Pal, M. Bailey, D.V. Bourassa, and K.S. Macklin. Effect of windrow composting on Salmonella Enteritidis persistence in poultry litter. PSA Annual Meeting, July 15-18, 2020. Virtual.

Pal, A., M. Bailey, A. A. Talorico, J.T. Krehling, K.S. Macklin, and D.V. Bourassa. Examination of poultry litter as a potential source for airborne pathogens. PSA Annual Meeting, July 15-18, 2020. Virtual.

Bourassa, D. B., A. Giron, K. L. Woods, W. J. Pacheco, and K. S. Macklin. 2020. Mejora de la calidad e inocuidad de huevos en pequeños gallineros. Alabama A&M & Auburn Universities Extension. ANR-2657.

Bourassa, D. B., K. L. Woods, W. J. Pacheco, and K. S. Macklin. 2020. Enhancing Egg Quality and Safety in Small Flocks. Alabama A&M & Auburn Universities Extension. ANR-2642.

Macklin, K. S., S. Bonilla, W. J. Pacheco, and D. B. Bourassa. 2019. Bioseguridad para las aves de traspatio. Alabama A&M & Auburn Universities Extension. ANR-2611.

Macklin, K.S., D.V. Bourassa, and W.J. Pacheco. Raising chickens for fun. Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Elmore County, Wetumpka, AL. February 24, 2020.

AL - Pacheco

Fahrenholz, A. C., W. J. Pacheco, C. R. Stark. 2020. Transportation: The mobile arm of your facility. Feedstuffs. Vol. 92(06).

Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. 2020. Preventing dust explosions a must. Feedstuffs. Vol. 92(05), page 28.

Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. 2020. Understanding bulk density important. Feedstuffs. Vol. 92(04), page 28.

Fahrenholz, A. C., C. R. Stark, and W. J. Pacheco. 2020. Importance of infrastructure systems emphasized. Feedstuffs. Vol. 92(03), page 28.

Fahrenholz, A. C., C. R. Stark, and W. J. Pacheco. 2020. Keep infrastructure, material handling systems tiptop. Feedstuffs. Vol. 92(02), page 28.

Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. 2020. Tips for feed conditioning, cooling in winter. Feedstuffs. Vol. 92(01), page 28.

Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. 2019. FSMA CGMPs Check Up - Part. Feedstuffs. Vol. 91(12), page 28.

Stark, C. R., A. C. Fahrenholz, W. J. Pacheco. 2019. FSMA CGMPs Check Up - Part. Feedstuffs. Vol. 91(11), page 28.

Pacheco, W. J., Fahrenholz, A. C., and C. R. Stark. 2019. Post-pellet liquid application systems 101. Feedstuffs. Vol. 91(10), page 32.

Bourassa, D. B., A. Giron, K. L. Woods, W. J. Pacheco, and K. S. Macklin. 2020. Mejora de la calidad e inocuidad de huevos en pequeños gallineros. Alabama A&M & Auburn Universities Extension. ANR-2657.

Ovi, F., W. J. Pacheco, C. Starkey, and M. Rueda. 2020. Effect of different inclusion levels of whole corn from 14 to 42 days on productive and processing performance of broilers. Abstr. M52. International Poultry Scientific Forum.

Rueda, M., S. Bonilla, C. de Souza, F. Ovi, J. Starkey, C. Starkey, J. Cueva-Caldas, and W. J. Pacheco. 2020. Evaluation of particle size, feed form and pellet diameter on broiler performance and processing yield from 1 to 39 days of age. Abstr. M53. International Poultry Scientific Forum.

AL – A&M – Vizcarra

Ceron-Romero, N., A. Thomas, E. Vroonland, K. Sanmartin, M. Verghese, E. Heinen and J.A. Vizcarra. 2020. The effect of a Ghrelin Receptor Agonist (Capromorelin) on Feed Intake and Body Weight Gain in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Poultry Science (under review).

Taofeek, N. O., N. Chimbetete, N. Ceron-Romero, F. Vizcarraa, M. Verghese and J. A Vizcarra. 2020. The effect of systemic infusion of acylated and des-acyl ghrelin on feed intake, weight gain, corticosterone, and growth hormone concentrations in male broiler chickens. Poultry Science (prepared to be submitted).

Sanmartin-Castillo, K., E. Vroonland, N. Ceron, N. Taofeek, L. Swanson, M. Verghese, and J. Vizcarra. 2020. The Effect of a ghrelin receptor agonist (capromorelin) on Feed and Water Intake, Body Weight Gain and Animal Behavior in Female Broad Breasted White Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Poultry Science Annual Meeting (Abstract).

Taofeek, N., Ceron-Romero, K. Sanmartin, E Embden, T. Smith, A. Thomas, O. Cintron, E. Vroonland, M. Verghese, and J. Vizcarra. 2020. The effect of short term feed restriction and refeeding on ghrelin, growth hormone, glucose, insulin, and corticosterone concentrations in male broiler chickens. Poultry Science Annual Meeting (Abstract).

Ceron-Romero, N., Taofeek, A. Thomas, K. Sanmartin, E. Vroonland, M. Verghese, and J. Vizcarra. 2020. The effect of corticosterone infusion on the concentrations of insulin, ghrelin and glucose in full fed and feed restricted birds (Gallus gallus domesticus). Poultry Science Annual Meeting (Abstract).

Thomas, A., T. Smith, K. Muse, N. Merrell, B. Mosley, M. Paris, N. Ceron, N. Taofeek, P. Sanmartin, E. Vroonland, E. Cebert, J. Boateng, S. Ogutu, M. Verghese and J. Vizcarra. 2020. The effect of Hemp (Cannabis sativa) supplementation to the Skip-a-Day Feeding Method in Broiler Chickens: 1: Animal Behavior. STEM Day 2020. Alabama A&M University.

Smith, T., A. Thomas, , K. Muse, N. Merrell, B. Mosley, M. Paris, N. Ceron, N. Taofeek, P. Sanmartin, E. Vroonland, E. Cebert, J. Boateng, S. Ogutu, M. Verghese and J. Vizcarra. 2020. The effect of Hemp (Cannabis sativa) supplementation to the Skip-a-Day Feeding Method in Broiler Chickens: 2: Animal Performance. STEM Day 2020. Alabama A&M University.

Chimbetete, S. Willis, L. Shackelford, J. Vizcarra and M. Verghese. 2020. The Anti- Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa in Combination with Probiotics in Sprague Dawley Rats. Institute of Food Technologists (Abstract)

Ceron-Romero, N, N. Taofeek, A. Thomas, J. Johnson, R. Winter, M. Verghese, and J. Vizcarra. 2020. The Effect of Feed Restriction on Pulmonary Pressure and Hormones Related to Energy Metabolism in a Galliform Model (Gallus gallus domesticus).

Taofeek, N., N. Ceron-Romero, A. Thomas, E. Vroonland, M. Verghese, and J.A. Vizcarra. 2019. The effect of Short-Term Feed Restriction on Spatial Memory: Development of a Novel Galliform Model. 2019. Aging Symposium. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Abstract p41.

Ceron-Romero, N, N. Taofeek, A. Thomas, H. Chance, E. Vroonland, M. Verghese, and J. Vizcarra. 2019. The Effect of ghrelin antagonist (D-Lys3) GHRP-6 on feed intake in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). STEM Day 2019. Alabama A&M University. Abstract #18.

Ceron-Romero, N, N. Taofeek, A. Thomas, J. Johnson, R. Winter, M. Verghese, and J. Vizcarra. 2019. The Effect of Feed Restriction and Mild Hypothermia on Concentrations of Ghrelin, Corticosterone and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Association of Research Directors. Jacksonville, FL.

CA – UC-Davis

Belk, A. D., Duarte, T.L., Quinn, C., Coil, D. A., Belk, K. E., Eisen, J.A., Quinn, J.C., Martin, J.N., Yang, X., Metcalf, J. L. (2020). Air versus water chilling of chicken: a pilot study of quality, shelf-life, microbial ecology, and economics. Microbiome. Under Review

Murillo, A.C., Abdoli, A., Blatchford, R.A., Keogh, E.J., Gerry, A.C. (2020). Parasitic mites alter chicken behaviour and negatively impact animal welfare. Scientific Reports, 10, 8236.

Pullin, A.N., Temple, S.M., Bennet, D.C., Rufener, C.B., Blatchford, R.A., Makagon, M.M. (2020). Pullet rearing affects collisions and perch use in enriched colony cage layer housing. Animals. In Press.

Tracy, L.M., Temple, S.M., Bennet, D.C., Sprayberry, K.M., Makagon, M.M., and Blatchford, R.A. (2019). The reliability and accuracy of palpation, radiography, and sonography for the detection of keel bone damage. Animals, 9, 894.

Rufener, C. and M.M. Makagon. (2020). Keel bone fractures in laying hens: a systematic review of prevalence across age, housing systems and strains. INVITED REVIEW. J. An. Sci. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa145

Abdelfattah, E., G. Vezzoli and M.M. Makagon. (2020). On-farm welfare assessment of commercial Pekin duck: A comparison of methods. Poult. Sci.99: 689-697

Belk, A.D., Duarte, T.L., Coil, D., Belk, K.E., Eisen, J., Yang, X., Martin, J., Metcalf, J.L. (2019). Utilizing microbiome and bioinformatic tools to reduce food waste in poultry. AMSA 72nd Reciprocal Meat Conference, Fort Collins, CO.

Duarte, T.L., Belk, A., Martin, J.N., Belk, K., Eisen, J., Coil, D., Metcalf, J.L., Yang, X. (2019). A comparison of water chilling and air chilling on poultry shelf life. AMSA 72nd Reciprocal Meat Conference, Fort Collins, CO.

Maja M. Makagon, Allison N. Pullin, Mieko Temple, Darin C. Bennett, and Richard A.

Blatchford. Behavior of laying hens reared in cage versus aviary pullet systems. Poultry Science, 98(E-suppl. 1).

Wood, B, Makagon, MM & Blatchford, RA. Is scatter feeding enriching for broiler chicks? Poultry Science, 98(E-suppl. 1).

Wood, B, Rufener, C, Blatchford, RA, Makagon, MM. Scatter feeding as a viable form of enrichment for commercial broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 98(E-suppl. 1).

Budeguer, Z, Rufener, C, Makagon, MM. Does wearing sensors affect perching behavior of laying hens? Poultry Science, 98(E-suppl. 1).

Pullin, AN, Temple, M, Bennett, DC, Rufener, C, Blatchford, RA & Makagon, MM. Pullet rearing affects long-term perch use by laying hens in enriched colony cages. Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology (ISAE).Tracy, L.M, Temple, M, Bennett, DC, Srayberry, KA, Makagon, MM & Blatchford, RA. The reliability of palpation, x-ray, and ultrasound techniques for the detection of keel bone damage. Poultry Science, 98(E-suppl. 1).

GA

Kumar, S., Singh, M., Cosby, D.E., Cox, N.A. and Thippareddi, H., 2020. Efficacy of peroxy acetic acid in reducing Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. populations on chicken breast fillets. Poult. Sci. 99:2655-2661

Singh, M., Rama, E.N., Kataria, J., Leone, C. and Thippareddi, H., 2020. Emerging meat processing technologies for microbiological safety of meat and meat products. Meat and Muscle Biology, 4(2).

Ramirez-Hernandez, A., Bugarel, M., Kumar, S., Thippareddi, H., Brashears, M.M. and Sanchez-Plata, M.X., 2019. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from chicken carcasses and parts collected at different stages during processing. Journal of food protection, 82:1793-1801.

Sasikala Vaddu, Sudhir Yadav, Brian Jordan, Casey Ritz, and Harshavardhan Thippareddi. 2020. Effect of moisture content and holding temperature of poultry litter on the viability of Eimeria oocysts. PSA Annual Meeting, July 15-18, 2020. Virtual.

Effect of pH on PAA efficacy in reducing foodborne pathogens on chicken wings. PSA Annual Meeting, July 15-18, 2020. Virtual.

Sasikala Vaddu, Avani Gouru, Manpreet Singh and Harshavardhan Thippareddi. 2020. Microbiological quality and safety of chicken parts from salvage line during poultry processing. International Association for Food Protection, October 2020.

Rama, Estefania Novoa, Matthew Bailey, Sanjay Kumar, Cortney Leone, Harshavardhan Thippareddi, and Manpreet Singh. Distribution and prevalence of Salmonella in conventional and no antibiotics ever broiler farms. International Poultry Scientific Forum, Atlanta, GA. January 2020.

Rama, Estefania Novoa, Matthew Bailey, Sanjay Kumar, Henk C. den-Bakker, Harshavardhan Thippareddi, and Manpreet Singh. Characterizing the gut microbiome of commercial broilers raised with and without antibiotics. International Poultry Scientific Forum, Atlanta, GA. January 2020.

Rama, Estefania Novoa, Cortney Leone, Sanjay Kumar, Matthew Bailey, Harshavardhan Thippareddi, and Manpreet Singh. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Campylobacter in conventional and no antibiotic ever broiler farms. Food Microbiology Annual Conference, Athens, Greece. October 2020.  

Manpreet Singh and Harshavardhan Thippareddi. 2020. Biomapping:  An effective tool for pathogen control during poultry processing. C1200.

Manpreet Singh and Harshavardhan Thippareddi. 2020. Biosecurity for on-farm pathogen control in poultry. C1195. 

Manpreet Singh and Harshavardhan Thippareddi. 2020. Validating antimicrobial interventions in poultry processing. C1204.

Harshavardhan Thippareddi and Manpreet Singh. 2020. Best Practices for Poultry Processing Safety. May 21, 2020. 11:00 am to 12:00 pm Webinar.

HI – Jha

Zhang, K. Cai, R. Mishra, and R. Jha. 2020. In ovo supplementation of chitooligosaccharide and chlorella polysaccharide affect cecal microbial community, metabolic pathways, and fermentation metabolites in broiler chickens. Poultry Science (accepted).

Singh, K., U. P. Tiwari, J. D. Berrocoso, Y. Dersjant-Li, A. Awati, and R. Jha. 2019. Effect of a combination of xylanase, amylase, and protease and probiotics on major nutrients including amino acids and non-starch polysaccharides utilization in broilers fed different level of fibers. Poultry Science, 98:5571-5581.

Yadav, B., R. Mishra, and R. Jha. 2019. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) root chips inclusion in the diets of broiler chickens: effects on growth performance, ileal histomorphology, and cecal volatile fatty acid production. Poultry Science, 98:4008- 4015.

DuPonte, J. Odani, Y. Li, R. Jha, T. Kow, and J. Kahana. 2020. An overview of Hawaii egg quality assurance program for producer education and implementation programing: A new producer guide. UH-CTAHR Cooperative Extension Service, LM- 37:1-7.

Zhang, K Cai, R. Mishra, and R. Jha*. 2020. Effects of in ovo inoculation of chicken embryos with chitooligosaccharide and chlorella polysaccharide on the gut health parameters of broiler chickens (Oral). PSA Annual Meeting (July 20-23, 2020).

Singh*, K., T. Park, J. Legaspi, K. Neupane, and R. Jha. 2020. Effect of NSPase enzyme and residual fiber from digested feed on cecal short chain fatty acids production and cecal microbiota diversity in broilers, studied in vitro (Oral). PSA Annual Meeting (July 20-23, 2020).

Singh*, K., B. Mishra, M. R. Bedford, and R. Jha (2020). Effects of xylanase and xylooligosaccharides supplementation on productive performance and gut health variables of broilers (Oral). PSA Annual Meeting (July 20-23, 2020).

Mishra*, B., R. Jha, B. Mishra, Y.S Kim (2020). Effects of maternal immunization against myostatin on the post-hatch growth performance of their chicks (Oral). PSA Annual Meeting (July 20-23, 2020).

HI – Mishra

Wasti, N. Sah, D. N. Kuehu, Y.S. Kim, R. Jha, and B. Mishra (2020). Expression of follistatin is associated with egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens. Animal Science Journal, e13396:1-8.

Mishra, B., N. Sah, and S. Wasti (2019). Genetics and hormonal regulation of egg formation in the oviduct. Poultry, ISBN 978-1-78923-820-4.

Mishra, B., and R. Jha (2019). Oxidative stress in the poultry gut: Potential challenges and interventions. In: S. W. Kim and R. Jha (Eds.), Nutritional Intervention for the Intestinal Health of Young Monogastric Animals. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6:60.

Wasti*, N. Sah, D. N. Kuehu, Y.S. Kim, R. Jha, B. Mishra (2020). Dietary supplementation of dried plum: A novel strategy to mitigate heat stress in poultry (l) Oral. PSA Annual Meeting (July 20-23, 2020).

IL

Zheng, W., Y. Xiong, R. S. Gates, Y. Wang, and K. W. Koelkebeck. 2020. Air temperature, carbon dioxide and ammonia assessment inside a commercial cage layer barn with manure-drying tunnels. Poult. Sci. 99:3885-3896. DOI:  10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.009.

Xiong, Y. 2019. Engineering solutions to address several current livestock and poultry housing challenges. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.

Xiong, Y., R. Gates, and K. Koelkebeck. 2019. Interior environment of three laying hen systems during winter conditions. Poult. Sci. 98 (E-suppl. 1). Presented at Poultry Science Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada.

IN

Huang, X.H., Applegate, T.J., Lin, T.L., and Cheng, H.W. 2019. The development of theserotonergic and dopaminergic systems during chicken mid-late embryogenesis. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 493:110472.

Jiang, S., Mohammed, A.A., Jacobs, J.A., Cramer, T.A., Cheng, H.W. 2019. Effect of synbiotics on thyroid hormones, intestinal histomorphology, and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens reared under cyclic heat stress. Poult. Sci. 99: 142-150.

Jiang, S, Wu, X.L., Jin, M.L., Wang, X.Z., Tang, Q., Sun, Y.X., and Cheng, H.W. 2019. Pathophysiological characteristics and gene transcriptional profiling of bone microstructure in a low calcium diet fed laying hens. Poult. Sci. 98: 4359-4368.

Mohammed, A.A., Jiang, S., Jacobs, J.A., and Cheng, H.W. 2019. Effect of a Synbiotic Supplement on Cecal Microbial Ecology, Antioxidant Status, and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens Reared Under Heat Stress. Poult Sci. 98: 4408-4415.

Tuell, J., Park, J.Y., Wang, W.C., Cooper, B., Sobreira, T., Cheng, H.W., and Kim, Y.H.B. 2020. Effects of photoperiod regime on meat quality, oxidative stability, and metabolites of postmortem broiler fillet (M. Pectoralis major) muscles. Foods. 9:215.

Tuell, J., Park, J.Y., Wang, W.C., Cooper, B., Sobreira, T., Cheng, H.W., and Kim, Y.H.B. 2020. Functional/Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Ground Meat from Broilers Reared under Different Photoperiods. Poult. Sci. 99: 3761-3768.

Yan, F.F., G. R. Murugesan, and H. W. Cheng. 2019. Effects of probiotic supplementation on performance traits, bone mineralization, cecal microbial composition, cytokines and corticosterone in laying hens. Anim. 13:33-41.

Yan, F.F., Mohammed, A.A., Murugesan, G.R., Cheng, H.W. 2019. Effects of a dietary synbiotic inclusion on bone health in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress episodes. Poult. Sci. 98:1083-1089. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey508.

Xue, S. W., Hu, J. Y., Cheng, H. W., and Kim, Y. H. B. 2019. Effects of probiotic supplementation and postmortem storage condition on the oxidative stability of Pectoralis major muscle of laying hens. Poult Sci. 98:7158-7169.

KY

Babatunde, O. O., J. A. Jendza, P. Ader, P. Xue, S. A. Adedokun, and O. Adeola, 2020. Response of broiler chickens in the starter and finisher phases to three sources of microbial phytase. Accepted. Poultry Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.008

Adedokun, S. A, and O. C. Olojede. 2019. Strengthening the inside: The effect of nutrition on gut health and maintenance and its impact on the integument integrity. In: O. A. Olukosi, V. E. Olori, A. Helmbrecht, S. Lambton, and N. A. French (eds.). Poultry Feathers and Skin – The Poultry Integument in Health and Welfare. Poultry Science Symposium Series. Vol. 32. CABI. Chapter 12. Pg 151-162. Book Chapter.

Adedokun, S. A., B. L. Bryson, O. C. Olojede, and A. E. Dunaway. 2019. Animal discards in livestock feed manufacture. In B. K. Simpson, A. N. A. Aryee, and F. Toldra (eds.). Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries: Adding value for food, feed, pharma, and fuels. Wiley Livestock Science. Pg 275-309. Wiley. ISBN: 978-1-119-38397-0. Book Chapter.

Macalintal, L.M., A.J. Pescatore, T. Ao, M.J. Ford, and K.A. Dawson. 2020. Organic minerals restore the acid-base and electrolyte balance in broiler chicks with nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition: 8 (1)- Pages: 41 - 48

Ao, T., Paul, M.A., Pescatore, A.J., Macalintal, L.M., Ford, M.J. and Dawson, K.A., 2019. Growth performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens fed corn-soy diet supplemented with different levels of vitamin premix and sources of mineral premix. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition 7: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1017/jan.2019.4

Jacob, J., T. Pescatore, and S. Adedokun. 2020. The effect of Transitioning from in-person to online instruction during the COVID-19 outbreak on Students Performance. Virtual Poultry Science Association Meeting

Adejumo, I. O. and S. A. Adedokun. 2020. Evaluating the effect of two commercially available coccidia vaccines challenge on performance and intestinal integrity of 21-day-old broiler chickens. International Poultry Scientific Forum Atlanta. GA.

Macalintal, L.M., A.J. Pescatore, M.J. Ford, M.D. Lindemann, and T. Ao. 2020. In ovo gamma-tocopherol vitamin E reduced the incidence of deep pectoral myopathy (green muscle disease) in broilers. Virtual Poultry Science Association Meeting.

Macalintal, L.M., AJ Pescatore, T Ao, MJ Ford, K.A. Dawson and R.F. Power. 2020. All-Lac® + Actigen® alleviates stress and promotes growth performance traits of broiler chicks. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Atlanta GA.

Macalintal, L.M., K.M. Brennan, A.J. Pescatore, T. Ao, M.J. Ford, and K.A. Dawson. 2020. Repeated intraperitoneal dexamethasone exposure alters gut barrier integrity biomarkers. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Atlanta GA.

Ao, T., M. A. Paul, L. M. Macalintal, M.J. Ford and A.J. Pescatore. 2020. Investigation of replacing Vitamin E with EconomasE® in layer diet. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Atlanta GA.

Paul, M.A., A.J. Pescatore, T. Ao, M.J. Ford, and K. A. Dawson. 2020. Dimensional profile of broiler tibias is affected by dietary zinc source. Virtual Poultry Science Association Meeting.

Marquisha Paul. 2019. Dietary microalgae and zinc source supplementation of broiler breeders’ diets affect broiler breeder skeletal development and reproduction with transgenerational impacts on offspring performance and skeletal characteristics. University of Kentucky PhD Dissertation.

Lauren Nolan. 2019. Evaluation of Current and Emerging and Techniques for Measuring Eggshell Integrity of the Domestic Fowl. University of Kentucky PhD Dissertation.

John Brunnquell 2020. Optimizing animal welfare in commercial laying hens through novel management practices and farm manager evaluation. University of Kentucky PhD Dissertation

MD

Snyder, A. M., K. Miska, C. I. Robison, S. L. Weimer. Evaluation of coccidial lesions in the ceca of broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella using digital image analysis. Poultry Science Association virtual meeting. July 20-22, 2020. (presentation and poster).

Johnson, A. K., J. D. Colpoys, A. Garcia, C. Jass, S. T. Millman, M. D. Pairis-Garcia, C. J. Rademacher, S. Weimer, S. Azarpajouh. 2019. A proactive blueprint to demonstrate on-farm animal welfare. CAB Reviews. 14:1-8. DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201914037.

Lusk, J. L., N. M. Thompson, and S. L. Weimer. 2019. The cost and market impacts of slow growth broilers. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 44:536-550. DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.292330.

Weimer, S. L., C. I. Robison, R. J. Tempelman, and D. M. Karcher. 2019. Effect of stocking density on egg production and welfare of laying hens raised in enriched colony cages. Poultry Science. 98:3578-3586. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez107.

Weimer, S. L., M. Erasmus, P. Regmi, and L. Jacobs. 2020. Animal welfare is the key to the sustainability of the poultry industry. Poultry Extension Collaborative May Newsletter.

Tabler, T., J. Moyle, S. L. Weimer, J. Moon, and J. Wells. 2020. Backyard poultry and COVID-19. Mississippi State Extension Publication. P3447.

MI

Grebey TC, Ali ABA, Swanson JC, Widowski TM, Siegford JM. 2020. Dust bathing in laying hens: strain, proximity to, and number of conspecifics matter. Poultry Science. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.032.

Ali ABA, Campbell DLM, Siegford JM. 2020. A risk assessment of health, production, and resource occupancy for 4 laying hen strains across the lay cycle in a commercial-style aviary system. Poultry Science. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.057.

Ali ABA, Toscano MJ, Siegford JM. 2019. Later exposure to perches and nests reduces individual hens’ occupancy of vertical space in an aviary and increases force of falls at night. Poultry Science, 98:6251-6262. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez506.

Rodenburg TB, Bennewitz J, de Haas E, Košťál L, Pichová K, Tetens J, Visser B, De Klerk B, van der Sluis M, van der Zande L, Siegford J, Toscano M, Norton T, Guzhva O, Ellen E. 2019. Developing sensor technologies to inform breeding approaches to reduce damaging behaviour in laying hens and pigs: The GroupHouseNet approach. Precision Livestock Farming ’19: Papers Presented at the 9th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming, Cork Ireland, August 26-29, 2019. 9:467-470.

Ali A, Siegford J. 2020. Solving floor laying in aviaries: can temporary litter restriction retrain hens without impacting welfare. 2020 International Poultry Scientific Fourm. 2020:58. (talk)

Rodenburg TB, Van Der Zande L, De Haas EN, Košťál L, Pichov K, Piette D, Tetens J, Visser B, De Klerk B, Van Der Sluis M, Bennewitz J, Siegford J, Norton T, Guzhva O, Ellen ED. 2019. Reduce damaging behaviour in laying hens and pigs by developing sensor technologies to inform breeding programs. Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. 53:364. (talk in workshop).

Siegford J, Ali A. 2019. Comparison of patterns of substrate occupancy by individuals versus flocks of 4 strains of laying hens in an aviary. Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. 53:358. (talk in workshop, co-organized by J. Siegford)

Stratmann S, Siegford J, Maximiano Sousa F, Candelotto L, Toscano MJ. 2019. Influence of ramp provision during rear and lay on hen mobility within a commercial aviary system. Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. 53:345. (poster)

Ali A, Siegford J*. 2019. Solving floor laying in aviaries: can temporary litter restriction retrain hens without impacting welfare. Poultry Science 98(E-supplement 1):127.

MacLachlan S, Ali A, Stratmann A, Toscano M, Siegford J*. 2019. Influence of ramps on keel bone fractures, hen distribution, and welfare in an aviary system. Poultry Science 98(E- supplement 1):13.

Grebey T, Ali A, Ludka M, Siegford J*. 2019. Influence of strain and inter-bird distance on dust bathing in laying hens. Poultry Science 98(E-supplement 1):13-14.

MN – Johny

V. T. Nair, G. Dewi, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. The role of essential oils and other botanicals in optimizing gut function in poultry. In Improving gut health in poultry, Steven Ricke, Editor. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing.

V. T. Nair, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Salmonella in poultry meat production. In Food Safety in Poultry Meat Production, Steven Ricke, Siddhartha Thakur, and Kumar Venkitanarayanan, Editors. Springer. Pp. 1 – 24.

S. Nair, D. V. T. Nair, and A. Kollanoor Johny, and K. Venkitanarayanan. 2019. Use of food preservatives and additives in meat and their detection techniques. In Meat Quality Analysis, Elsevier Publications.

Dewi, S. Manjankattil, C. Peichel, J. Shiliang, D. V. T. Nair, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Reduction of Salmonella Heidelberg in ground turkey using plant- derived antimicrobials. 80th Minnesota Nutrition Conference, Mankato, Minnesota, September 19 – 20.

Dewi, C. Peichel, D. V. T. Nair, S. Manjankattil, and A. Kollanoor Johny. UMN Research update: Essential oils for poultry product safety. 80th Minnesota Nutrition Conference, Mankato, Minnesota, September 19 – 20.

Manjankattil, D. V. T. Nair, C. Peichel, A. Donoghue, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Effect of caprylic acid in scalding water on broiler drumsticks contaminated with multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg. 2019 Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada. July 15 – 18.

Peichel, D. V. T. Nair, S. Manjankattil, A. Donoghue, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde in scalding water on broiler drumsticks contaminated with multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg. 2019 Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada. July 15 – 18.

Dewi, S. Manjankattil, C. Peichel, J. Shiliang, D. V. T. Nair, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Reduction of Salmonella Heidelberg in ground turkey using plant- derived antimicrobials. 2019 Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada. July 15 – 18.

P. Yaputri, D. V. T. Nair, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Effect of Lactococcus lactis-derived cell-free extract on sensitizing multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg to ampicillin and tetracycline. 2019 Poultry Science Association annual meeting, Montreal, Canada. July 15 – 18.

V. T. Nair, J. V. Thomas, G. Dewi, S. Noll, T. Johnson, and A. Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Effects of multiple alternative-to-antibiotic interventions on multidrug- resistant Salmonella Heidelberg in commercial turkeys. 2019 Poultry Science Association annual meeting, Montreal, Canada. July 15 – 18.

Kollanoor Johny, W. Martin, K. Venkitanarayanan, and A. Donoghue. 2019. Essential oils: Opportunities to improve food safety in organic poultry production and processing. Midwest Poultry Federation Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, March 12 – 14.

Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Essential oils as antimicrobials in poultry processing – Opportunities and challenges. Minnesota Association of Meat Processors meeting, St. Cloud, Minnesota, March 16.

Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Alternative approaches against Salmonella in poultry. USDA Food Safety Summit, University of Minnesota, June 18.

Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Recent research on safeguarding meat supply from drug- resistant Salmonella. National Research Center on Meat, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Hyderabad, India, August 19.

Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Research update: Essential oils for poultry product safety. Minnesota Nutrition Conference, Mankato, Minnesota, September 20.

Kollanoor Johny. 2019. Pre and post-harvest interventions to reduce microbial load in poultry. National Research Center on Meat, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Hyderabad, India, September 9 (Webinar).

MN – Noll

Furo G., C. Cardona, Y. Li, S.L. Noll. 2020. Comparison of footpad dermatitis scores in market turkey hens. Virtual 2020 Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, July 20-22.

Furo G, D. M. Karcher, K. Scoles, S.L. Weimer, S.L. Noll. 2020. Prevalence and severity of footpad dermatitis in commercial turkeys flocks in the Midwestern United States. Virtual 2020 Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, July 20-22.

Furo G., C. Cardona, Y. Li, M.R. Hulet, K. Janni, S. L. Noll. 2020. Bedding and stocking density influenced the relationship of litter characteristics to footpad dermatitis in market turkey hens. Virtual 2020 Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, July 20-22.

Huberty, M.M., J.A. Brannon, K. Janni, C. Cardona, S. L. Noll. 2020. Comparing litter to partially slotted flooring materials on tom turkey performance and litter moisture. Virtual 2020 Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, July 20-22.

https://blog-poultry.extension.umn.edu/2019/07/bedding-source-and-stocking- density.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gdjNDl3_Yg&t=12s

MS – Zhai

Minton, M., S. Poudel, and W. Zhai. 2019. Effects of Riboflavin and Bacillus subtilis on Internal Organ Development in Ross 708 Male Broilers with or without Coccidial Challenge. Abstract# B38. 2ND Annual Mississippi IDeA Conference for Biomedical Research on August 2, 2019, Hilton Jackson, Jackson, Mississippi. Note: Non-peer-reviewed.

Zhang, B., S. Poudel, L. Jia, and W. Zhai. 2020. Effects of dietary amino acid and metabolizable energy reduction on growth performance and economic return of Ross 708 broilers. Poult. Sci. 99 (E-Suppl. 1). Page 22. Abstract # M67. 2020 International Poultry Scientific Forum in Atlanta, GA.

Jia, L., S. Poudel, and W. Zhai. 2020. Eimeria challenge and feed additives affected broiler woody breast incidence. Poult. Sci. 99 (E-Suppl. 1). Page 26. Abstract # M80. 2020 International Poultry Scientific Forum in Atlanta, GA.

Poudel, S., and W. Zhai. 2020. Effects of riboflavin and Bacillus Subtilis on blood components of male broiler with or without coccidial challenge. Poult. Sci. 99 (E-Suppl. 1). Page 104. Abstract # P342. 2020 International Poultry Scientific Forum in Atlanta, GA.

Wang, X., E. D. Peebles, K. G. S. Wamsley, A. S. Kiess, and W. Zhai. 2019. Effects of coccidial vaccination and dietary antibiotic alternatives on the growth performance, internal organ development, and intestinal morphology of Eimeria-challenged male broilers. Poultry Science. 98:2054-2065. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey552 Note: This manuscript was an Editor’s Choice for the current issue of Poultry Science.

Wang, X., Y. Z. Farnell, A. S. Kiess, E. D. Peebles, K. G. S. Wamsley, and W. Zhai. 2019. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and coccidial vaccination on cecal microbial diversity and composition of Eimeria-challenged male broilers. Poultry Science. 98: 3839-3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez096

Zhang, B., X. Zhang, M. W. Schilling, G. T. Tabler, E. D. Peebles, and W. Zhai. 2020. Effects of Broiler Genetic Strain and Dietary Amino Acid Reduction on (Part I): Growth Performance and Internal Organ Development. Poultry Science. 99:3266-3279. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.024

MS - Wamsley

Hirai, R. A., Meija, L., Coto, C., Caldas, J., McDaniel, C. D., Wamsley, K. G.S. (2019). Evaluating the response of Cobb MV x Cobb 500 broilers to varying amino acid density regimens for a small bird program. Journal of Applied Poultry Science, 28(3), 16-30.

Lemons, M., McDaniel, C. D., Moritz, J., Wamsley, K. G.S. (2019). Interactive effects of high or low feed form and phase of feeding on performance of Ross x Ross 708 male broilers throughout a 46 d growout. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 28(3), 616-630.

Lemons, M., McDaniel, C. D., Moritz, J., Wamsley, K. G.S. (2019). Increasing average feed particle size during the starter period maximizes Ross × Ross 708 male broiler performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 28(2), 420-434.

Hirai, R. A., Meija, L., Coto, C., Caldas, J., McDaniel, C. D., Wamsley, K. G.S. Impact of feeding varying grower digestible lysine and energy levels to female Cobb MV × Cobb 500 broilers from 14-28 d on 42-day growth performance and processing. Journal of Applied Poultry Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2020.03.006

Hirai, R. A., Meija, L., Coto, C., Caldas, J., McDaniel, C. D., Wamsley, K. G.S. Impact of feeding varying starter digestible lysine and energy levels to male Cobb MV × Cobb 500 broilers on 42-day growth performance and processing. Journal of Applied Poultry Science. In Revisions.

Wamsley, K. G.S. (2019). Response of broilers fed phytase enzymes alone or in combination. Minnesota Nutrition Conference Proceedings (80th ed., pp. 35-38). University of Minnesota. Minnesota Extension Service. http://www.mnnutritionconf.umn.edu/

Wamsley, K. G.S. (2019). Increasing Starter Average Feed Particle Size to Optimize Broiler Performance:  Journey to Determining the Optimal Starter Feed Particle Size. Proceedings of Advancing Poultry Production Massey Technical Update Conference (vol. 21, pp. 45-55). Massey University.

Andrew Brown, Jason Lee, Kelley Wamsley. Determining the digestible isoleucine requirement of Ross x Ross 708 male broilers from 0 to 18 days of age (E-Suppl. 1). Poult Sci.

Courtney Ennis, Curran Gehring, Mike Bedford, Craig Wyatt, Kelley Wamsley. Response of Ross x Ross 708 male broilers fed varying phytase enzyme and activity during d 0-14 (E-Suppl. 1). Poult Sci.

Courtney Ennis, Curran Gehring, Mike Bedford, Craig Wyatt, Kelley Wamsley. Effects of varying phytase enzyme and total activity on phytate degradation and nutrient digestibility of young male Ross x Ross 708 broilers (E-Suppl. 1). Poult Sci.

Carley Rhoads, Courtney Ennis, Andrew Brown, Pratima Adhikari, Tom Tabler, A. Elzind, Kelley Wamsely. Assessment of novel water treatment equipment (H2Oelite) on broiler performance, tibia ash and mineral digestibility, (E-Suppl. 1). Poult Sci.

Wamsley, K. G.S., Pilgrims Feed Mill Manger Meeting, "Crumb Quality: Increasing Starter Average Feed Particle Size to Optimize Broiler Performance," Pilgrims Pride, Chattanooga, TN. (June 12, 2019).

Wamsley, K. G.S., XXIth Massey/Industry Technical Conference, "Increasing Starter Average Feed Particle Size to Optimize Broiler Performance: Journey to Determining the Optimal Starter Feed Particle Size," Massey University, Palmerston North, NZ. (May 21, 2019).

Wamsley, K. G.S. 80th Minnesota Nutrition Conference, “Response of broilers fed phytase enzymes alone or in combination,” University of Minnesota. Mankato, MN. (Sept 2019)

NC

Beckstead, R. B., K. Anderson, and L. R. McDougald (2020) Oviduct fluke (Prostagonimus macrorchis) found inside a chicken egg in North Carolina. Avian Diseases: Posted on line April 2020. https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00021

Toomer, O.T., E. Sanders, T.C. Vu, M.L. Livingston, B.Wall, R.D. Malheiros, L.V. Carvalho, K.A. Livingston, P.R. Ferket,and K.E. Anderson, 2020. Potential Transfer of Peanut and/or Soy Proteins from Poultry Feed to the Meat and/or Eggs Produced. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 1080−1085.

Jones, D.R., Gast, R.K., Regmi, P., Ward, G.E., Anderson, K.E., and Karcher, D.M. 2020. Pooling of laying hen environmental swabs and efficacy of Salmonella spp. detection. J Food Prot. 2020 Feb 6. doi: 10.4315/JFP-19-467. [Epub ahead of print]

Gast, R. K., Regmi, P., Guraya, R., Jones, D. R., Anderson, K. E., & Karcher, D. M. (2019). Colonization of internal organs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing. Poultry Science, 98(4), 1785–1790. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey541

Gast, R. K., Regmi, P., Guraya, R., Jones, D. R., Anderson, K. E., & Karcher, D. M. (2019). Contamination of eggs by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens of four commercial genetic lines in conventional cages and enriched colony housing. Poultry Science, 98(10), 5023–5027. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez222

Toomer, O. T., Hulse-Kemp, A. M., Dean, L. L., Boykin, D. L., Malheiros, R., & Anderson, K. E. (2019). Feeding high-oleic peanuts to layer hens enhances egg yolk color and oleic fatty acid content in shell eggs. Poultry Science, 98(4), 1732–1748. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey531

Kidd, M T and K E Anderson. 2019. Laying hens in the U.S. market: An appraisal of trends from the beginning of the 20th century to present. JAPR 28: 8 (4), 771-784, https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz043

Curtis, P. A., K. E. Anderson, and M. P. Herchler. 2019. Designing a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Plan for Shell Eggs. NC State Extension. NC State Extension Publication AG-862, October 21, 2019. http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/designing-a- haccp-plan-for-shell-eggs

Anderson, K.E. 2019. Final Report of the Fortieth North Carolina Layer Performance and Management Test. Vol. 40, No.5. July 2019; http://poultry.ces.ncsu.edu/layer-performance/

Benjamin N. Alig, Peter R. Ferket, Ramon Malheiros, Kenneth E. Anderson, 2020. The effect of housing environment on commercial white egg layer performance. Poultry Sci. Suppl. 99: 27 (Abstract 101)

Kenneth E. Anderson, Benjamin N. Alig, Peter R. Ferket, Ramon Malheiros, 2020. The effect of housing environment and hen age on white shell egg solids and quality. Poultry Sci. Suppl. 99: 27 (Abstract 103)

Benjamin N. Alig, Peter R. Ferket, Ramon Malheiros, Kenneth E. Anderson, 2020. The effect of housing environment on egg quality and solids of commercial brown egg layers. Poultry Sci. Suppl. 99: 27 (Abstract 104)

Richard K. Gast, Deana R. Jones, Rupa Guraya, Kenneth E. Anderson, Darrin M. Karcher, 2020. Horizontal transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky in experimentally infected laying hens in indoor cage-free housing. Poultry Sci. Suppl. 99: 45 (Abstract 244)

Alyssa Lyons, Prafulla Regmi, Kenneth Anderson, and Michael Persia, 2020 Estimating energy utilization in laying hens using imaging technology. Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia 2020 ISPF: Abstract M50.

Benjamin Alig, Ramon Malheiros, Peter Ferket, and Kenneth Anderson, 2020. The effect of housing environment on commercial brown egg layer performance. Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia 2020 ISPF: Abstract M125.

Emma Lund, Wendy Wakeman, Ken Anderson, 2020. The effects of oregano essential oil on pullet rearing. Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia 2020 ISPF: Abstract P291

Curtis, P. A., K. E. Anderson, and M. P. Herchler. 2019. Designing a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Plan for Shell Eggs. NC State Extension. NC State Extension Publication AG-862, October 21, 2019. http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/designing-a- haccp-plan-for-shell-eggs

PA – Boney

Boltz, J.W. Boney, C. Shen, J. Jaczynski, and J.S. Moritz. 2019. The effect of standard pelleting and more thermally aggressive pelleting utilizing a hygieniser of feed manufacture and reduction of Enterococcus faecium, a Salmonella surrogate. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 28:1226-1233.

V.B. Homan, J.W. Boney, and J.S. Moritz. 2019. The effects of steam conditioning temperatures on commercial phytases and subsequent broiler performance and tibia mineralization. Applied Animal Science. 35:298-303.

J.W. Boney, J. Jaczynski, J.L. Weidhaas, A.N. Bergeron, and J.S. Moritz. 2018. The effects of Steam Conditioning and Antimicrobial Inclusion on Feed Manufacturing and Inactivation of enterococcus faecium, a Salmonella surrogate. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 27:472-482.

J.W. Boney and J.S. Moritz. 2019. Effects of steam conditioning manipulations to feed manufacturing parameters and d1-28 poult performance. Poult. Sci. Vol. 98 (E-suppl. 1): 364

T.A. Sharafeldin and J.W. Boney. 2019. The reliability of different histological features in the evaluation of the intestinal health. WPDC/XLIV ANECA.

N.W. Barrett, P.H. Patterson, F. Solis, and J.W. Boney. 2019. The effect of dietary inclusions of guanidinoacetic acid on broiler performance and carcass yield. Poult. Sci. Vol. 98 (E-suppl. 1):M78.

J.W. Boney. 2019. How lighting programs and feed manufacturing strategies affect poult development and performance. Pennsylvania Sales and Service Conference. September 13, 2018. State College, Pennsylvania.

J.W. Boney. 2019. Molds and mycotoxins: An animal feed ingredient outlook. Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Conference. April 10, 2019. Hunt Valley, Maryland.

C.M. Poholsky, E.W. Mills, and J.W. Boney. 2020. A method for characterizing instrumental quality measures of turkey breast meat. Poult Sci. Vol. 98 (E-suppl. 1):P210

C.M. Poholsky, D.W. Hofstetter, and J.W. Boney. 2020. Improved pellet quality reduces on- farm nutrient segregation. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting. Poul. Sci. 99:(E-Suppl. 1). July 21, 2020, Virtual

PA – Patterson

Acar, N., P. H. Patterson and C. J. Lamb. 2019. The impact of Agaricus bazei mushroom extract water supplement on broiler performance. International Poultry Science Forum. Poul. Sci. 98:(E- Suppl. 1). February 11, 2019, Atlanta GA.

Adrizal, A., P. H. Patterson, C. R. Angel and A. Markant. 2019. Feeding Broiler Chicks Diets Containing Hydroxy- and Keto-Acids: Performance and Carcass Weight. Poultry Sci. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez091.

Barrett, N. W., P. H. Patterson, F. Solis, and J. W. Boney. 2019. The effect of dietary inclusions of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on broiler performance and carcass yield. International Poultry Science Forum. Poul. Sci. 98: (E-Suppl. 1). February 11, 2019, Atlanta GA.

Burley, H.K. and P.H. Patterson. 2019. Updates on European Union (EU) strategies to meet Methionine needs of organic poultry. White Paper submitted to the USDA, National Organic Standards Board.

Ferguson, A. D., L. D. Trimble, H. B., Sciubba, N. Acar, and P. H. Patterson. 2019. Black Soldier Fly Larvae and Meal as Dietary Ingredients for Laying Hens. Abstract and poster, Mid- Atlantic Nutrition Conference, Hunt Valley, MD.

Trimble, L. D., A. D. Ferguson, H. B. Sciubba, N. Acar, and P. H. Patterson. 2019. Black Soldier Fly larvae oil and meal as dietary ingredients for laying hens. International Poultry Science Forum. Poul. Sci. 98: (E-Suppl. 1). February 11, 2019, Atlanta GA.

Patterson, P. H., L. D Trimble, A. D. Ferguson, H. B. Sciubba and N. Acar. 2019. The impact of feeding Black Soldier Fly Larvae on laying hen performance and egg quality. International Poultry Science Forum. Poul. Sci. 98: (E-Suppl. 1). February 12, 2019, Atlanta GA.

Trimble L. D., A. D. Ferguson, N. Acar, P. H. Patterson. 2019. The Impact of Agaricus Blazei Mushroom Extract Water Supplement on Hen Performance and Egg Quality. Abstract and poster, Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Conference. Hunt Valley, MD.

Ouyang, B., A. Demirci, and P. H. Patterson 2019. Inactivation of E. coli in liquid egg white using a flow-through pulsed UV light treatment system. Northeast Agricultural and Biological Engineering Conference (NABEC) June 16 - 19, 2019. Lac Beauport, QC, Canada.

Averós, X. Patterson, P.H., N. Acar, I. Pineda and I. Estevez 2020. Are Beak Growth and Pullet Performance Affected by Natural Beak Smoothing Feeders and Outdoor Vegetation Density. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting. Poul. Sci. 99: (E-Suppl. 1). July 20, 2020, Virtual.

Beining Ouyang, B., A. Demirci and P.H. Patterson. 2020. Inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 in Liquid Egg White by a Flow-Through Pulsed UV Light Treatment System. Journal of Food Protection, 83:418-425.

Beining Ouyang, B., A. Demirci and P.H. Patterson. 2020. Pulsed UV Light Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Liquid Egg White and its Effects on Quality. ASABE National Meeting, paper no. 2000057, 15pp. https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.202000057.

Bright, L., J. Cassar, P. Patterson, E. Mills and A. Demirci 2020. Fertile Hatching Eggs Response After Treatment of Pulsed Ultraviolet Light. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting. Poul. Sci. 99: (E-Suppl. 1). July 20, 2020, Virtual.

Patterson, P.H., X. Averós, N. Acar, I. Pineda and I. Estevez 2020. Impact of Vegetation Density on Outdoor Paddock Utilization and Behavior by Growing Pullets. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting. Poul. Sci. 99: (E-Suppl. 1). July 20, 2020, Virtual.

Stephenson, C., L. Trimble, P. Patterson and H. Lu. A Study on Avian Influenza Virus Destruction by Rapid Ensiling of Hen Carcasses Post-Depopulation 2020. In Proceedings of the 91st Northeastern Conference on Avian Diseases, page 26. Am Assoc of Avian Path.

Trimble, L., A. Ferguson, B. Migdal, M. Pasquinelli, N. Acar and P. Patterson 2020. The Impact of Dietary Beta-Glucans on Poultry Health and Performance. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting. Poul. Sci. 99: (E-Suppl. 1). July 21, 2020, Virtual

2020 summer ASABE meeting. Ali Demirci Abstract presentation + Beining Ouyang, B., P.H. Patterson. Inactivation of E. coli in liquid egg white using a flow-through pulsed UV light treatment system.