Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief summary of minutes of annual meeting: The 2019 NCERA 221 meetings were held June 24-26, 2019 at the University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. We achieved our goal for these meetings by continuing collaborations between researchers in the NCERA 221 working group. On June 25, 2019, the meeting started with three presentations. Topics covered included turf diseases and management strategies developed at the University of Missouri, integrating drone-based technologies to detect turf stresses, and an update of the regional organic weed control project. In the afternoon hours, the group travelled to St. Louis, which is about 2 hours away, and visited Busch Stadium and Budweiser Brewery. The following day NCERA held a business meeting, which started with updates on a numbers of collaborative projects within this group, including low-input sod production, fine fescue development project, and the regional zoysiagrass evaluation program. State reports followed the updates, before the administrative update and historian report. Before the meeting was adjourned at noon, our group also discussed new collaborative projects, including an organic herbicide evaluation project and possible replacement of glyphosate. Complete annual meeting minutes are also listed below.

June 25, 2019 – Presentations & Field Trips

1. Turfgrass Pathology Research at MU – Dr. Miller
   1. Biotic vs. abiotic stresses
   2. Over 100 Pythium species and some of them can be detected in the irrigation water using PCR-based techniques
   3. Single fungicide application in spring can effectively control large patch of zoysiagrass compared to two applications in fall
   4. Spring dead spot on bermudagrass football field
   5. Nematodes, mainly lance, sting and stunt nematodes were discovered from various turf samples
2. Integrating the Drone-Based Technology into Turfgrass Management – Dr. Bremer
   1. Using small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV) or drones for turfgrass management
   2. Cautions need to be placed regarding privacy, safety, and data handling when use sUAV
   3. Using vegetation index (VI) or thermal image cameras for identifying and mapping stress areas
   4. Potentials of using 3-D modeling for, for example, calculating the volume of the bunkers
   5. Drone-related research carried out at KSU, and NIR wavebands were found more sensitive to detect drought stresses
   6. Other related issues such as license, and artificial intelligence (AI) learning to diagnose stress patterns
3. Organic Weed Control-Regional Project Update – Dr. Gardner
   1. What is organic herbicide and EPA’s policy
   2. Organic herbicides in general have no selectivity
   3. States in the east appeared to show better results in dandelion control than states in the west
   4. Corn gluten meal application rate for white clover and crabgrass control is suggested to be 20 lb/1,000 ft²
   5. Source of corn gluten meal matters
4. Field trip
   1. Busch Stadium, 700 Clark Ave, St. Louis, MO 63102
   2. Budweiser Brewery, 1200 Lynch St, St. Louis, MO 63118

June 26, 2019 – NCERA Business Meeting

1. Updates
   1. 2019 Weed and Herbicide Update/Regional Weed Control – Dr. Patton
      1. New Resources
         1. Regional Turf Weed Control Publication
            1. Added Maryland and North Dakota – 16 states in Publication
            2. New questions – on new products
            3. Thirteen additional weeds were added
               1. Total of 118 weeds
            4. Publication updated to reflect the latest research findings and new commercially available herbicide
            5. Covers herbicide
               1. Pre/Post
               2. PGR section

• Which herbicides work best for each weed

1. New Products
   1. See page handed out for update
   2. Dismiss NXT (Sulfentrazone + Carfentrazone)
      1. Provides sedge and broadleaf control/suppression
      2. App rate: 5.1-10.2 fl oz/A – cool season
      3. No NIS
      4. Available 2018
   3. Triad Select
      1. 2,4-D + MCPA + Dicamba
      2. Broadleaf weed control
      3. Similar to Trimec 992
      4. App rate: 3-4 pts/A
   4. Triad SFX Select
      1. 2,4-D + MCPA + Dicamba + sulfentrazone
      2. Broadleaf and sedge suppression
      3. Similar to Surge
      4. App rate: 2.75-4 pts/A
   5. Sure Power
      1. 2,4-D ester + triclopyr + fluroxypyr + flumioxazin
      2. Broadleaf weed control with quick activity
      3. Similar to Momentum FX2
      4. App rate: 2-3.5 pts/A
      5. Do not add adjuvant
      6. Has seen some turf injury at different types of the year and at varying rates
   6. Momentum 4-Score
      1. 2,4 D salt + triclopyr salt + fluroxypyr + sulfentrazone
      2. Broadleaf and sedge control
   7. Foundation
      1. 2,4-D + triclopyr + dicamba + sulfentrazone
      2. Broadleaf and sedge control
   8. Fahrenheit
      1. Dicamba + metsulfuron
      2. Broadleaf weed control in Warm season
      3. WDG
   9. Manuscript
      1. Pinoxaden + cloquintocet-methyl (safener)
      2. Crabgrass, dallisgrass, ryegrass
      3. Warm-season grasses
      4. Spot treatment only
      5. App rate: 9.6-19.2 fl oz/A
      6. Tank mix with Adigor surfactant or MSO at .5-1.0% (v/v)

• New in the Pipeline
  1. NativeClean (2,4-D + aminopyralid)
     1. Only for golf course usage
  2. GameOn (2,4-D choline + fluroxypyr + halauxifen-methyl)
  3. Relzar (florasulam + halauxifen-methyl)
  4. SwitchBlade (Dicamba + fluroxypyr + halauxifen-methyl)
  5. Aethon (pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam) (pyrimisulfan is Vexis tech)
  6. Coastal (prodiamine + simazine + imazaquin)
  7. PoaCure (methiozolin)

1. Filling a Critical Need: Diversifying Sod production w/ Sustainable Turfgrass (Fine Fescue)
   1. Identify agronomic solutions to overcome challenges of low input sod production
      1. Seeding rates and nitrogen fertility rates on production, quality, shelf-life and harvest limitations of low-input sod
      2. Evaluating the production, quality, shelf-life and harvest limitations of promising low-input seed mixtures for sod production
      3. Screening fine fescues for improved rhizome production
   2. Increasing Low-Input Turfgrass adoption through breeding, innovation and public education
      1. Fine fescue lit review
      2. Optimal seeding time for fine fescues
      3. Assessing long term maintenance inputs of turf species
      4. Mowing requirements for fine fescues compared to other cool-seasons
      5. Evaluation of low input turfgrass patch and repair ingredients
   3. Buckhorn Plantain 2,4-D resistance
      1. 2,4-D +MCPP + dicamba failed to control buckhorn plantain due to resistance
      2. Trying to determine mechanism of resistance – greenhouse trial

• Malathion being used to determine susceptibility

1. Mowing height by N rate experiment
2. Mowing frequency experiment

1. Resist Poa annua
   1. Extensive use of herbicides of Poa annua control has lead to high amount of resistance.
   2. Send in Poa annua samples to Purdue to test resistance
2. Managing Zoysiagrass Seedheads
   1. Past seedhead control
      1. Embark (sever turf injury)
      2. Primo (0% control )
      3. Proxy (60% control from 2 apps, no injury)
   2. Current seedhead control
      1. Proxy applied at different timings
         1. Fall application and Sep+Apr+May application resulted in significantly lower seedhead numbers
         2. Daylength of 11.9 to 12.1 during this window
         3. Accumulated cooling degree days
         4. Potential 3-4 week window in Sept to Oct to limit seedhead in spring
      2. Watering in Proxy
         1. Least amount of seedheads were found with the lowest irrigation amounts following app
         2. Increasing irrigation amounts will reduce efficacy of Proxy on reducing seedheads
      3. Regional zoysiagrass evaluation project – Dr. Fry
         1. Working with Texas A&M with zoysiagrass development
         2. Innovation zoysiagrass hit market 2015 and was started in 2004
            1. 16 growers in 8 states with about 60 A
            2. First was sold in 2019
            3. Cross between Chinese Common and Cavalier
            4. Equivalent to Meyer as cold hardness

• 2018 has selected the top 10 varieties
  1. 3 varieties are in the recent NTEP studies
  2. Will continue to evaluate over next few years to release new varieties within the next few years
  3. Cold hardness evaluations of zoysiagrass through multiple locations
     1. Purdue, Kansas State
  4. State Reports
     1. Chicago District Golf Association
     2. Iowa State University
  5. 20 undergrad students
  6. 4-5 grad students
     1. Kansas State University
  7. Field day changing locations 250-300 people
  8. 6 graduate students

• New DOT grant working with civil engineering of lignin byproducts to apply on sandy roadsides to establish turfgrass

1. 25-30 undergraduates
2. 120 horticulture students
   1. Michigan State University
   2. North Dakota State
3. 8 undergraduate students
4. 1 graduate students

• 3 facility members

1. Sports turf root zone stability
   1. Purdue University
2. Dr. Latin retired in November
3. 15 turf managers from around state to meet with administrators to replace facility member

• Turf industry members meeting with administration to voice concerns and need for turf research

1. 18 undergrad students
2. 2 PhD and 2 Post docs
   1. The Ohio State University
3. Numbers have declined
4. Administrative task force to assess 2 and 4 year Turf programs

• Looking for Masters or PhD candidates
  1. University of Illinois

1. Dr. Tom Void has retired at the end of 2018
   1. University of Maryland
2. Dr. Joe Robert is going to Clemson
3. 1 facility for the 2-year program

• 4 year program is under evaluation

1. 10 students in 2 year
2. 5 student in 4 year plan
3. 1 PhD students
   1. University of Missouri
4. 8-12 undergrad students
5. 4 Masters students

• 1 PhD student

1. Field day July 30th
   1. University of Minnesota
2. Sam Bauer Extension facility retired
3. 8-9 graduate students

• 3 PhD students

1. 4 Post docs
2. 2 Research scientist to help coordinate
3. Fill Brian’s position

• Potential to hire 1 or 2 extension positions
• Roadsideturf.umn.edu

1. Training program and other information based on roadside maintenance
   1. University of Nebraska
2. 3 faculty members
3. 2 new hires

• Michael Carlson -PhD

1. Eric Chestnut – PhD
2. 8 Masters students
3. 3 PhD and 1 Post doc

• 9 undergrad students with 4 new students in the Fall
• Currently in the process of restructuring the degree offerings for Plant Science and could affect Turf program

3. Administrative Update
   1. Midterm review report due
   2. Projected meetings
      1. Minnesota in 2020
      2. Nebraska in 2021 with possibility to combine with International Turfgrass Society meeting for 2021

• NCERA report is due 60 days from June 26^th, 2019

4. Historian Report
   1. Minnesota in 2020
   2. Nebraska in 2021

• North Dakota in 2022

1. Help with rotation locations for NCERA meetings

5. New Business
   1. Interest for protocol for a chelated iron study for a 3 year study to increase organic turfgrass management interest
      1. Follow up email will follow up
      2. Potential future work to find comparable organic herbicide as alternative to glyphosate
   2. Project on growing degree day
      1. Not much has been moving forward with this project

• Cooperative Dollar Spot paper has been accepted and published

6. NTEP
   1. Next year there will be a TWCA and A-list rep
   2. Warm season trials
      1. Zoysia, bermuda and warm season greens trials

• Potential mixture or blend trials screening

1. Potential international trial screening
   1. Canada or Norway
2. Refine the NTEP database for fine fescue
   1. Make something to use for turf scientist and homeowners to help select varieties based on location and shade/sun effects
   2. Changing how NTEP data is store and utilized in the future
3. Old Business
   1. Course sharing
      1. Create 1 credit modules could be shared through the Big 10 academic alliance
      2. Met with Univ Minnesota administrators and other to work logistics out with course sharing
      3. Courses from other universities that want to share course material with multiple universities around the country

The NCERA 221 multi-state research project on Turfgrass and the Environment has continued to make progress on collaborative projects and the objective associated with the working group.

NCERA 221 Objectives:

1. A search of the CRIS database identified much turfgrass sustainability research being conducted by NCERA 221 members… In addition, these, and other NCERA 221 members conduct collaborative and institutionally based turfgrass sustainability research that will advance our understanding of how to maintain the millions of acres of turfgrass in the region in more sustainable approaches.
2. Members of NCERA 221 will deliver the findings of this research to academic, professional, and citizen stakeholders through a variety of approaches including academic publications, field days, printed media, and online information.

Collaborative Research Projects:

1. Regional Roadside Turfgrass Evaluation Program. Numerous projects have been initiated and accomplished aiming at improving turfgrass stands on various roadside conditions. This multi-state project involved turfgrass researchers at Universities in four other states (Wisconsin, Nebraska, Michigan, and New Jersey) is in its final year, studying a number of turfgrasses for performance on both rural and urban roadside sites. The roadside irrigation system research has found that it is practical to establish sod in these environments by the use of fire hydrants. An online course for roadside turfgrass installers that covers the basics of turfgrass management with a focus on roadside-specific challenges has also been developed from these projects. Subsequently, a new USDA-SCRI project, led by UMN with collaborators at UW-Madison, Rutgers, Purdue, Oregon St., and USDA-ARS Logan UT began in September 2017, focusing on fine fescue germplasm improvement.
2. Regional Weed Control Publication. In the past year, this regional weed control publication, initiated in 2012, now has expanded to include 16 states with Maryland and North Dakota being the new additions. New weed species and new herbicides have been added to the new version of this publication, resulting a total of 118 weeds included. In addition to herbicides, PGRs were added to the new edition as well. An overwhelming positive response to the publication was received for this group effort. Over the past 7 years, Over 12,300 hard or electronic copies were purchased and distributed, and 76% of responses in a survey commented that this publication improved their weed control practice.
3. Organic Weed Control. Relevant studies have been conducted in 10 states within this NCERA working group during both the spring and autumn of 2018 that evaluated the effectiveness of several different organic herbicides for the control of dandelion and white clover compared to a conventional herbicide standard. Our results indicated that autumn is the better time to use these products and that, while there was some variation in efficacy, some of the products tested were similar to control provided by the standard herbicide.
4. Regional zoysiagrass evaluation project. Research done by K-State and Purdue (along with Texas A&M) evaluated more than 2,800 zoysiagrass progeny, all having a single parent in common that exhibited tolerance to large patch. Selected progenies were futher evaluated in several transition zone states for quality characteristics and large patch tolerance. From these evaluations conducted over several years, 10 progeny have been identified for further evaluation that have good quality and large patch tolerance that is superior to Meyer zoysiagrass.

Alderman, E.J., J.A. Hoyle, J.A. Reeves and R.C. Braun. 2018. Evaluating the Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Simulate golf Cart Traffic on ‘Cody’ Buffalograss Roughs. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. 5: 1: doi:10.2134/cftm2018.09.0079.

Barnes, M.R., K.C. Nelson, A. Meyer, E. Watkins, S. Bonos, B. Horgan, W. Meyer, J. Murphy, and C. Yue. 2018. Public land managers and sustainable urban vegetation: The case of low-input turfgrasses. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.12.008.

Barrett, B.A., M.E. Patterson, and X. Xiong. 2018. Behavioral responses of hunting billbug (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) towards odors from different turfgrass species and adult conspecifics. Environmental Entomology. 47 (6): 1541-1546.

Braun, R.C, J.A. Hoyle, B. Van Ryzin, M.D. Sousek, and C.S. Thompson. 2018. Postemergent Herbicide Tolerance of Buffalograss Entering Winter Dormancy. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. 4:180064. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.08.0064.

Braun, R.C, J.A. Hoyle, J.A. Reeves, M. L. Flessner and J.S. McElroy. 2018. Utilization of Mowing Track for Turfgrass Experimentation in Greenhouses. Agronomy Journal. 110:1180-1183. doi:10.2134/agronj2017.11.0625.

Braun, R.C., J.A. Hoyle, and C. Thompson. 2018. Scalping Tall Fescue as Soon as One Day after Treatment Does Not Reduce Glyphosate Efficacy. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. 2019 5: 1: doi:10.2134/cftm2018.12.0098.

Christians, N., A. Thoms, B. Pease, and I. Mertz. 2018. Fairway height bentgrass cultivar trial. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 79-80.

Christians, N., A. Thoms, B. Pease, and I. Mertz. 2018. Green height bentgrass cultivar trial. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 74-75.

Christians, N., A. Thoms, B. Pease, and I. Mertz. 2018. Perennial ryegrass study. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 70-73.

Christians, N., A. Thoms, B. Pease, I. Mertz, and A.J. Lindsey. 2018. Kentucky bluegrass full sun cultivar evaluation trial. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 76-78.

Dalsgaard, T., A. Thoms, N. Christians, and B. Pease. 2018. Shockwave aerification performance study. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 45-47.

Dalsgaard, T., A. Thoms, N. Christians, and B. Pease. 2018. Tall fescue mowing height performance under simulated traffic. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 54-55.

Duffy, A. G., Powell, G. S., Zaspel, J. M., & Richmond, D. S. (2018). Billbug (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae: Sphenophorus spp.) Seasonal Biology and DNA-Based Life Stage Association in Indiana Turfgrass. Journal of economic entomology, 111(1), 304-313.

Fry, Jack; Chandra, Ambika; Kennelly, Megan; Patton, Aaron; Genovesi, Dennis; Xiang, Mingying; Meeks, Meghyn. 2018. Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program: 2018 Research Summaries. p. 44-46. 

Gardner, DS, "Bermudagrass in the North – Challenges and Opportunities". SportsField Management. March. 13(3): p. . 2018.

Gardner, DS, "Communicating about chemical applications: Registered pesticides, when used according to the label, are deemed safe for the end user, yet this remains a complicated subject without one clear answer for all questions". SportsField Management. January. 13(1): p. 21-23. 2018.

Gardner, DS, "The history of cool-season turfgrasses". SportsField Management. February. 13(2): p. 22-25. 2018.

Gu, Gail; Gardner, David; Danneberger, Karl. “Brushing stress away, or causing it?” Golfdom. January. 74(1): p. 48-49. 2018.

Heineck, G.C., S.J. Bauer, M. Cavanaugh, A. Hollman, E. Watkins, and B.P. Horgan. 2019. Variability in creeping bentgrass cultivar germinability as influenced by cold temperatures. Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.07.0054.

Henry, G.M., J.A. Hoyle, C. Straw, C. Johnson and K. Tucker. 2018. Common Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis) Control with Postemergent Herbicides. Weed Technology. 33:3. 535-539.

Hockemeyer, K, C. Straw, B. Horgan, D. Soldat, and P. Koch. 2019. Dollar spot control using urea and iron sulfate. Golf Course Management. 87(5):76-78.

Hoyle, J. A., R. C. Braun, and P. E. South. 2018. The Effect of Human Insect Repellents. on Perennial Ryegrass Injury and Recovery. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management 4:180023. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.03.0023.

Hoyle, J. A., R. C. Braun, J. A. Reeves, S. J. Keeley, and D. J. Bremer. 2018. Mowing Height and Cultivation Effects on Tall Fescue Conversion to Buffalograss. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management 4:170061. doi:10.2134/cftm2017.08.0061.

Hoyle, J.A., R.C. Braun, C.S. Thompson and J.A. Reeves. 2018. Late-Season Bermudagrass Control with Glyphosate, Fluazifop, and Mesotrione Combinations. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environ. 1:180014 (2018) doi:10.2134/age2018.06.0014 .

Koehler, J.F., and Miller, G.L. 2019. Impact of nitrogen application, nitrogen source, and a single fungicide application on large patch of zoysiagrass. Crop Science 59:1-9.

Kreuser, W., G. Obear, D. Michael, and D. Soldat. 2018. Growing degree day models predict performance of paclobutrazol on bentgrass golf putting greens. Crop Sci. 58:1402-1408. DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2017.06.0395.

Lane, I., E. Watkins and M. Spivak. 2019. Turfgrass species affect the establishment and bloom of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum) in lawns. HortScience 54:824.

Li L, M Sousek, R Gaussoin, Z Reicher. 2018. Buffalograss exhibits adequate turf tolerance to postemergence herbicides applied during or shortly after greenup. Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management. 4(1):p. [1-3] DOI: 10.2134/cftm2017.09.0064.

Lindsey, A.J., A. Thoms, B. Pease, and N. Christians. 2018. Effects of natural fertilizers on irrigated and non-irrigated turfgrass. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 86-88.

Lindsey, A.J., A. Thoms, B. Pease, and N. Christians. 2018. Effects of Fiesta on broadleaf weeds and turf quality. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 89-90.

Liu Y, Merrick P, Zhang Z, Ji C, Yang B, Fei S. 2018.Targeted mutagenesis in tetraploid switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) by CRISPR/Cas9. Plant Biotechnology J. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12778.

Liu, M., Song, X., & Jiang, Y. (2018). Growth, ionic response, and gene expression of shoots and roots of perennial ryegrass under salinity stress. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 40(6), 112.

Mertz. I., N. Christians, A. Thoms, and B. Pease. 2018. Evaluation of creeping bentgrass responses to fertilization with the branched-chain amino acids. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 81-85.

Niemczyk, H. D., Shetlar, D. J., Power, K. T., & Richmond, D. S. (2018). Seasonal occurrence of the sod webworm moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) of Ohio. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 33 (3 & 4), 3.

Patton, A. J., G. P. Schortgen, J. A. Hoyle, M. S. Harrell, and Z. J. Reicher. 2018. Fall Applications of Proxy (Ethephon) Suppress Spring Seedheads of ‘Meyer’ Zoysiagrass. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management 4:180012. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.03.0012.

Patton, A., and D. Weisenberger editors. 2018. Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals. Hort. 3066.

Patton, A.J., D.V. Weisenberger, and G.P. Schortgen. 2018. 2,4-D resistant buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in managed turf. Weed Technol. 32:182-189. doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.98.

Patton, A.J., D.V. Weisenberger, and J.M. Breuninger. 2018. A growing degree day model is effective to schedule spring Defendor (florasulam) applications for suppressing dandelion flowers. Crop Forage Turf Manage. doi:10.2134/cftm2017.12.0088.

Patton, A.J., D.V. Weisenberger, G.P. Schortgen, J.C. Fausey, and J.M. Breuninger. 2018. Performance of postemergence broadleaf herbicides applied with novel lawn care application equipment. Crop Forage Turf Manage. 4:180039. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.06.0039.

Patton, A.J., G.P. Schortgen, J. Kao-Kniffin, B. Branham, T. Voigt, N. Christians, A. Thoms, J. Hoyle, G. Munshaw, M. Elmore, A. Hathaway, T. Nikolai, S. Bauer, L. Miller, X. Xiong, W. Kreuser, C. Thompson, D. Gardner, P. Landschoot, D. Soldat, and P. Koch. 2018 Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals. Purdue University Extension Publication. TURF-100. pp. 128.

Patton, A.J., G.P. Schortgen, J.A Hoyle, M.S. Harrell, and Z.J. Reicher. 2018. Fall applications of proxy (ethephon) suppress spring seedheads of ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass. Crop Forage Turf Manage. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.03.0012.

Patton, A.J., R.C. Braun, G.P. Schortgen, D.V. Weisenberger, B.E. Branham, B. Sharp, M.D. Sousek, R. E. Gaussoin and Z.J. Reicher. 2019. Long-Term Efficacy of Annual Bluegrass Control Strategies on Golf Course Putting Greens. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. 5(1) 1-3. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.09.0068.

Pease, B., A. Thoms, and N. Christians. 2018. Physiological responses of Kentucky bluegrass to simulated athletic field traffic. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 48-49.

Pease, B., and A. Thoms. 2018. Fall timing of GameOn and Relzar herbicide application. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 91-92.

Pease, B., and A. Thoms. 2018. Proprietary nutrient program for aerification recovery. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 50-53.

Pease, B., and A. Thoms. 2018. Sure Power turf herbicide evaluation. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 93-95.

Pedersen MA, CJ Wegner, RE Gaussoin, R Zbasnik, G Sarath, VL Schlegel. 2018. Phenolic Content and Profile Alterations during Seedling Growth in Supina Bluegrass and Bermudagrass. Crop Sci. 58:2010–2019. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2018.02.0093.

Pedro Infante, Ken Moore, Charlie Hurburgh, Paul Scott, Sotirios Archontoulis, Andrew Lenssen, and Shui-zhang Fei.  Biomass production and composition of temperate and tropical corn in central Iowa. Agronomy 2018, 8(6), 88.

Petrella, D.; Han, E-H.; Nangle, E.; Scheerens, J.; Gardner, D.; Blakeslee, J. (2018). Modulation of Halotropic Growth in Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) by Flavonoids and Light. Environmental and Experimental Botany, doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.05.013.

Pradhan-Shresta, S., Miller, L., Grachet, N.G., Molineros, J.E., Walker, N., Melouk, H.A., Garzon, C. 2019. Hormetic effects of thiophanate-methyl in multiple isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Plant Disease 103:89-94.

Ramer, H., K.C. Nelson, M. Spivak, E. Watkins, J. Wolfin and M. Pulscher. 2019. Exploring park visitor perceptions of ‘flowering bee lawns’ in neighborhood parks in Minneapolis, MN, US. Landscape and Urban Planning 189:117-128.

Raudenbush Z., Greenwood J.L., McLetchie D.N., Eppley S.M., Keeley S.J., Castetter R.C., Stark L.R. 2018. Divergence in Life-History and Developmental Traits in Silvery-Thread Moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.) Genotypes between Golf Course Putting Greens and Native Habitats. Weed Sci. 66:642–650. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2018.37.

Reasor, E.H., J. T. Brosnan, J. P. Kerns, W. J. Hutchens, D. R. Taylor, J. D. McCurdy, D. J. Soldat, and W. C. Kreuser. 2018. Growing Degree Day Models for Plant Growth Regulator Applications on Ultradwarf Hybrid Bermudagrass Putting Greens. Crop Sci. 58:1801-1807. doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.01.0077.

Rice, P.J., B.P. Horgan, and J.L. Hamlin. 2018. Off-site transport of fungicides with runoff: A comparison of flutolanil and pentoachloronitrobeneze applied to creeping bentgrass managed as a golf course fairway. Ecotoxicology and Environ. Safety. 157: 143-149.

Rice, P.J., B.P. Horgan, B.L. Barber and W. Koskinen. 2018. Chemical application strategies to protect water quality. Ecotoxicology and Environ Safety. 156: 420-427.

Schneider, Bri; Gardner, David. 2018. “Effects of sand shape and turf type on hybrid systems being studied”. SportsTurf. August. 34(8): p. 30-31. 2018.

Segars, C., A. Thoms, T. Van Loo, J. Salmond. 2018. Hammer time: Management practices and field surface hardness. Sideline Report. Dec.  22-23.

Shaddox, T.W., H. Fu, D.S. Gardner, R.M. Goss, E.A. Guertal, W.C. Kreuser, G.L. Miller, B.R. Stewart, K. Tang, and J.B. Unruh. 2019. Solubility of ten iron fertilizers in eleven North American soils. Agron J. 111:1498-1505.

Song, E., K.W. Goyne, R.J. Kremer, S.H. Anderson, and X. Xiong. 2018. Surfactant chemistry effects on organic matter removal from water-repellent sand. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 85: 1252-1258.

Song, E., K.W. Goyne, R.J. Kremer, S.H. Anderson, and X. Xiong. 2018. Do some wetting agents remove organic coatings from water-repellent sand particles? Golf Course Management. 86 (10): 60, 62, 64, 68.

Sousek, M. and R. Gaussoin. 2018. Iron: herbicide alternatives to weed control in lawns and landscapes. Turf iNfo. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Straw, C. and B.P. Horgan 2018. On-site application of site-specific irrigation using sensor and mapping technologies.  Hole Notes. 53(8): 39-45.

Straw, C. and B.P. Horgan. 2018. Site-specific irrigation using sensor and mapping technologies. Golfdom. 74(11): 25.

Straw, C., F. Principe, D. Wiese-Bjornstal, and B. Horgan. 2019. GPS athlete tracking devices for sports field management and research. SportsTurf. May:10-12.

Thammina, C.S., K. Amundsen, S.B. Bushman, M. Kramer, S.E. Warnke. 2018. Genetic Diversity of Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. Based on Genomic Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Genetics Resources and Crop Evolution 65:1059. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-017-0596-z.

Thompson C., Zhang Q., Kennelly M., Stier J., Blume C., Christians N., Fry J., Martin D., Ostrander J., Rincker K., Settle D., and D. Soldat. 2018. The dollar spot susceptibility of 25 bentgrasses is consistent across five states in the central U.S.A. Crop, Forage, & Turfgrass Management. 5:180075. doi:10.2134/cftm2018.09.0075.

Thompson CS, RC Braun, JA Hoyle, B Van Ryzin. 2018. Mowing timing does not affect the efficacy of broadleaf herbicides applied to control dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management. November. 4(1): p. 1-2.

Thompson, C., R.C. Braun, J.A. Hoyle and B. Van Ryzin. 2018. Mowing Does Not Affect the Efficacy of Broadleaf Herbicides Applied to Control Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management. 4:170074. doi:10.2134/cftm2017.10.0074.

Thoms, A., 2018. Pouring with answers: The proper way to conduct an irrigation audit. Parks and Rec Business. Oct. 40-43.

Thoms, A., B. Pease, A.J. Lindsey, and N. Christians. 2018. Tall fescue simulated traffic cultivar evaluation trial. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 59-62.

Thoms, A., B. Pease, A.J. Lindsey, and N. Christians. 2018. Tall fescue shade cultivar evaluation trial. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 66-69.

Thoms, A., B. Pease, and N. Christians. 2018. Evaluation of hollow tine core aerification recycling on sand-based putting greens. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 56-58.

Thoms, A., B. Pease, and N. Christians. 2018. Kentucky bluegrass shade cultivar evaluation trial. 2018. Ann. Progress Rpts. Hort. Res. Station. ISRF 18-36. 63-65.

Thoms, A., N. Christians, M. Jones, and D. Minner. 2018. Turfgrass Management Calendar: Kentucky bluegrass Lawns. Hort. 3093. Revised for Content.  

Trappe, J.M., D. Petrella, F. Sessoms, and E. Watkins. 2019. Screening for natural weed suppression in fine fescues. Golf Course Management. 87(3):30.

Wada-Katsumata, A., & Schal, C. (2019). Antennal grooming facilitates courtship performance in a group-living insect, the German cockroach Blattella germanica. Scientific reports, 9(1), 2942.

Xie, C., X. Xiong, Z. Huang, L. Sun, J. Ma, S. Cai, F. Yu, W. Zhong, S. Chen, and X. Li. 2018. Exogenous melatonin improves lead tolerance of bermudagrass through modulation of the antioxidant defense system. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 20 (14): 1408-1417.

Xiong, X. 2018. Differences among wetting agents re: water infiltration. SportsTurf. 34 (9): 36-37.

Yue, C., J. Wang, E. Watkins, and B.P. Horgan. 2018. US and Canadian consumer preferences for low-input turf grasses. SCOOP.

Yue, C., J. Wang, E. Watkins, S.A. Bonos, K.C. Nelson, J.A. Murphy, W.A. Meyer, and B.P. Horgan. 2019. Investigating the practices and challenges for turfgrass breeders and distributors. HortScience 54:129. doi:10.21273/hortsci13343-18.