Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Minutes

S1066 Southern Regional Nematology Project

Doubletree suites by Hilton Orlando-Disney Springs

2305 Hotel Plaza Blvd., Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830

14-16 November 2018

Project No. and Title – S1066: Development of sustainable crop production practices for integrated management of plant-pathogenic nematodes.

Project Covers period from 10-01-2015 to 09-30-2020.

Period Covered:  10/1/2017 to 9/30/2018

Arrival afternoon 14 November, group dinner

Program beginning 8:00 am 15 November (Thursday)

Welcoming comments and meeting called to order by chairperson and host. Don Dickson

            Appoint secretary.   William Rutter

Administrative business update:  Lacewell, Ron (TX) 

Update on federal relations and outlook

Need to attract other scientists to 1066

Note project expires 2020 so need to establish proposal committee at the 2019 meeting

Committee decided the 2019 meeting would be in Arkansas with William Rutter ask to select specific site. Date to be decided but same general timing suggested.

Reports by Participant Members of S1066:

15 November (Thursday) – 5:30 pm adjourn and informal dinner.

Objective 1:   Advance the tools for identification of nematode species and characterization of intraspecific variability.

Georgia, (A. Hajihassani): The vegetable industry plays an important role in Georgia’s economy. One of the important limiting factors of vegetable production are plant-parasitic nematodes. Despite the importance of plant-parasitic nematodes, there has not been a survey conducted for this important pests in Georgia. We have conducted a survey of southern Georgia counties that represent about 85-90% of vegetable production in the state. We have worked with more than 25 county extension agents and have secured the assistance from numerous vegetable growers. Soil samples were collected from randomly selected vegetable fields and nematodes were extracted and identified to the genus level based on morphological characters of nematode juveniles and adults. The survey consisted of sampling 361 vegetable fields in 27 counties. Ten groups of plant-parasitic nematodes including root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.), stubby root (Paratrichodorus spp.), ring (Mesocriconema spp.), spiral (Helicotylenchus spp.), root lesion (Pratylenchus spp.), reniform (Rotylenchus spp.), lance (Hoplolaimus spp.), cyst (Heterodera spp.), stunt (Tylenchorhychus spp.), and dagger (Xiphinema spp.) nematodes were detected in this survey. Among these species, root-knot and stubby root nematodes had the highest incidence. Root-knot nematode incidence and abundance (number of nematodes/100cc of soil) greatly exceeds the other plant-parasitic nematode genera in vegetable fields. Root-knot nematode abundance was greater in southern counties including Decatur, Brooks, Colquitt, Cook, Grady, and Lowndes compared to counties more north of Georgia as Crisp, Dooly, Mitchell, Tattnall, Telfair, and Toombs counties. A first report of Paratrichodorus minor associated with sweet onion in Georgia was made. Paratrichodorus minor has a broad host range in vegetable crops grown in the southern part of the state. In addition, Heterodera cyperi was reported for the first time in Georgia. This nematode species is pest of yellow nutsedge, a serious weed problem in many cropping systems including field and vegetable crops in the Southern US. However, the nematode is not a parasite of agricultural crops, in particular, tobacco, tomato and cucumber.

Arkansas, (R. Robbins): I tested 60 soybean Plant Introduction lines which I had shown to be resistant to reniform and Soybean Cyst nematode for resistance to Southern Root-Knot Nematode. The results of the second test showed 4 lines to be resistant to SCN, Reniform and root-knot nematodes ((PI 303652, PI 437690, PI 468904, PI 567387)  and 4 more lines that were moderately resistant to the three species of nematodes (PI 404198 B, PI 424608 A, PI 548970, PI 567230). These lines should be of interest to southern soybean breeders as they have resistance to all of the three species of economic importance to Southern soybean production. University of Missouri plant breeders identified the genotypes of these tested lines.I tested 235 soybean for resistance to the Southern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) for the Arkansas Nematode Assay Service. The results of this test were used in varieties recommendations given to producers by the Arkansas Nematode Assay Service.

Virginia, (J. Eisenback): The apple root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne mali, was identified for the first time in the Western Hemisphere (New York state) in 2016. This year (2018) it was identified in two more locations including Long Island.  During a survey of declining red maples (Acer rubrum L.) on the campus of Virginia Tech, a population of root-knot nematode was initially identified as M. mali, making a new report outside of New York state. The morphological value of the tail shape of second-stage juveniles was evaluated as a character and was found very useful for M. mali. Additional sureveys are necessary to determine if this nematode was previously introduced or if it has been present for many years, but not detected.

Objective 2:  Elucidate molecular and physiological mechanisms of plant-nematode interactions to improve host resistance.

North Carolina, (E. Davis): A project was conducted to identify potential new RNA viruses that infect cyst nematodes following previous confirmation of five known RNA viruses that infect greenhouse and field populations of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, in Illinois, North Carolina, and Missouri.  Transcriptome data that was generated from different stages of SCN as well as publicly available cyst nematode transcriptome data were mined using bioinformatics for the presence of potential new RNA viruses that infect cyst nematodes.  The VirFind algorithm developed at the University of Arkansas was employed to identify viral signature sequences within the nematode transcriptome data.  Two new negative-sense RNA viruses were identified within SCN, including a nyami-like virus (NLV) and a bunya-like virus (BLV). A positive-sense picorna-like virus (PLV) was identified in the public transcriptome of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) species Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. The presence of these novel viruses in nematode specimens were confirmed by qRT-PCR, endpoint PCR, and Sanger sequencing, except for PLV due to quarantine restrictions on PCN.

A project to identify and silence an essential nematode gene to develop resistant transgenic soybean plants was conducted. It was demonstrated that silencing of the ribosomal protein gene, RPS23, in Caenorhabditis elegans by soaking the nematodes in a solution containing double-stranded RNA complementary to RPS23 was lethal to the nematodes. A homologue of the RPS23 gene was identified in SCN and a vector construct to express small-interfering RNA (a product from double-stranded RNA) complementary to the HgRPS23 gene in transgenic soybean plants was developed. The promoter of the Arabidopsis pyk10 gene was used to drive expression of the siRNA construct only in roots of whole soybean plants, and root-specific expression of the HgRPS23 siRNA was demonstrated in multiple independent lines of transgenic soybean plants. Inoculation of the different HgRPS23 siRNA soybean lines with SCN reduced nematode egg production from 36% to 79% compared to the susceptible wild-type soybean depending upon the individual transgenic soybean line evaluated.

Missouri, (H. Nguyen): Since 2008, 584 soybean plant introductions (PIs) with maturity group (MG) 000-II were screened against SCN race 2 and 3, and 636 PIs with MG III-V were screened against SCN race 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 14. A subset of 76 PIs were selected, genotyped, and then classified as Peking-type, PI 88788-type and potential new resistance subgroups. The same subset was also proceeded with screening against southern root-knot nematode (SRKN) and reniform nematode (RN). Among 76 PIs, 56 and 12 of them were resistant to two and three nematode species. Fifteen PIs were classified as a potential new sources of SCN resistance, including PI 567516C.

Two major QTL responsible for resistance to different SCN races were mapped on Chrs. 10 (LG O) and 18 (LG G) in PI 567516C, whereas no QTL was detected at neither rhg1 nor Rgh4. This PI is also highly resistant to other nematode species: SRKN and RN.

PI 438489B was reported to be highly resistant to multi-SCN races, SRKN and RN. Genetic analysis confirmed two major loci, rhg1 (Peking-type) and Rhg4 for resistance to SCN and three QTL for resistance to RKN on Chrs. 8, 10, and 13. Identification of RN resistance was done in collaboration with Dr. Robbins (University of Arkansas). Two linkage maps were used using Universal Soybean Linkage Panel and Whole Genome Sequencing technology. Two QTL were detected on Chr. 11 and 18. While analyzing reported QTL regions on these chromosome, it was observed that both of them co-localize with QTL for SCN resistance. This indicates potential pleiotropic gene actions.

Two novel SCN QTL, qSCN10 (Locus O) and qSCN18 (Locus 2G), detected in PI 567516C are the target for fine-mapping and cloning. For locus O, more than 1,000 BC4F2 plants were genotyped. The qSCN10 was fine-mapped to a 242 Kb region containing 31 candidate genes. The QTL on Chr. 18 was genetically distant from the known rhg1 locus and tentatively designated as the 2G QTL. The qSCN18 was fine-mapped to a 124 Kb region containing 16 candidate genes. Near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed for qSCN10 and qSCN18 for future studies. Further fine-mapping of these loci will continue in 2019.

Tennessee, (T. Hewezi): We developed a novel epigenetic analysis–based approach to identify major soybean genes that control soybean resistance to SCN. This method relies on developing highly homozygous isogenic lines differing in their response to SCN. In this method, the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of the isogenic lines are compared with the parental lines, which also differ in their response SCN, to identify genomic regions with methylation patterns that vary between the isogenic lines and those stably inherited from the parents as well as novel non-parental methylation patterns specific to each of the isogenic lines. This approach was approved very efficient in identifying essential genes controlling soybean resistance against SCN. Several genes were discovered using this approach and the key functions of a select set of genes in controlling soybean resistance against SCN were examined using transgenic soybean hairy roots system.  We completed the functional characterization of 8 genes using transgenic hairy root system and nematode infection assays against SCN race 3. While overexpression of four genes showed slight effects on soybean response to SCN infection, the other four genes dramatically impacted plant susceptibility to SCN. Interestingly, overexpression of two genes were able to complement the RHg4 susceptible allele conferring very high level of resistance with female index of 8% and 20 % compared with the susceptible control. These results indicate that these two genes are new SCN resistance genes and represent interesting targets for broad SCN resistance. Equally important, overexpression of the other remaining two genes resulted in a female index more than 350%. These two genes represent very attractive targets to increase soybean resistance to SCN through knockout non GMO-genome editing approach.

The function of a soybean methyl salicylate esterase gene (GmSABP2-1) in soybean defense against SCN has been thoroughly investigated. Both transgenic hairy roots and stable transgenic soybean plants overexpressing GmSABP2-1 showed stronger resistance to SCN. GmSABP2-1 may be used as a molecular tool for genetic improvement of soybean for enhanced SCN-resistance.

We reported in 2017 annual report about identification of a novel positive-sense RNA virus in transcriptome sequence pools derived from both eggs and second juvenile stage (J2s) of sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN). The virus was provisionally named sugar beet cyst nematode virus 1 (BCNV 1). The presence of SBCNV1 in both eggs and J2s indicates its possible vertical transmission. This novel RNA virus was also present in SBCN populations from Iowa and Missouri based on sequencing of RT-PCR amplicons derived from these nematode populations. We have now succeeded to identify the full-length genomic sequence of SBCNV1 using a variety of methods. Additionally, the sequences at both ends of the genome have also been verified via multiple approaches. The entire genome of SBCNV1 is 9503-nucleotides long that contains a single long open reading frame, which was predicted to encode a polyprotein with conserved domains for picornaviral structural proteins proximal to its amino terminus and RNA helicase, cysteine proteinase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) conserved domains proximal to its carboxyl terminus, hallmarks of viruses belonging to the order Picornavirales. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted SBCNV1 RdRp amino acid sequence indicated that the SBCNV1 sequence is most closely related to members of the family Secoviridae, which includes genera of nematode-transmitted plant-infecting viruses. SBCNV1 represents the first fully sequenced viral genome from SBCN. Interestingly, we also detected three contigs in recently released transcriptome sequence data from soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (BioProject: PRJNA415980) that were 99% identical to the Tennessee SBCNV1 nucleotide sequence. This finding suggests that SBCNV1 infects SCN as well.

Virginia, (J. Eisenback):  Root lesion nematodes (RLN), namely Pratylenchus spp., are economically important pathogens that inflict damage and loss of yield to a wide range of crops. Like other plant-parasitic nematodes, RLN require close association with their host to gain access to nutrients. The successful infection of plant-parasitic nematodes relies on the secretion of a repertoire of proteins called effectors, with diverse parasitism related functions. A number of effectors have been validated or characterized for RLNs.  Two different sets of transcripts generated for P. penetrans collected directly from the nematode esophageal glands and sequences transcriptionally active during plant interaction are currently being compared in order to determine if these genes represent valid candidate effectors.  In situ hybridization assays will be performed.  The genes that are specifically localized within the esophageal glands of the nematode, some homologues to known effector genes of other plant-parasitic nematodes (e.g. cell-wall degrading enzymes), while others with unknown annotation and specific to RLN. RT-qPCR analyses will be used to highlight the dynamic expression of P. penetrans effector genes during plant infection. This will constitute the first set of candidate effectors validated for P. penetrans, and may suggest that P. penetrans relies on its own set of secreted proteins to become a successful parasite.

Objective 3:  Integrate nematode management agents (NMAs) and cultural tactics with the use of resistant cultivars to develop sustainable crop production systems.

Alabama, (K. Lawrence): The objective of this research was to determine if Meloidogyne incognita race 3 reproductive factors (Rf) differ based upon what the host crop the nematode was surviving on in the previous generation in the field. Three large soil samples were collected from a M. incognita nematode infested field at the Auburn University Plant Breeding Unit (PBU) near Tallassee, Alabama in October of 2016.  Each soil sample was collected from a different area in the field that had been previously cropped with: cotton, soybean, or corn over the last three years.  A differential-host test was conducted on each of the samples for root knot species and race identification and for host range and reproductive analysis.  The Rf was calculated for each population on eight different crops. All three samples were identified as Meloidogyne incognita race 3 by the differential host tests, however, the Rf was always highest on the crop that was the original host of the population in all three samples.  Meloidogyne incognita grown on cotton for three years had a Rf of 8.7 on cotton but the Rf on corn and soybean was 1.7 and 2.2 respectively.  The same trend was observed on soybean. Meloidogyne incognita grown on soybean for three years had a Rf of 6.6 on soybean but lower Rf’s on cotton and corn with 3.2 and 2.1 respectively.  Corn supported the lowest RF of 4.1 on corn and a Rf of 2.7 on cotton and 1.7 on soybean. Thus, crop rotation may reduce M. incognita race 3 population levels even though the rotation crop is a susceptible host.  

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are rhizosphere bacteria known to promote plant growth and inhibit different plant pathogens including plant-parasitic nematodes through production of a range of secondary metabolites. Recently, there has been much interest in identifying these metabolites as a biological alternative to chemical nematicides. In total, 663 PGPR strains were assayed for their nematicidal activity by co-culturing them with 30-50 second stage juveniles (J2) of Heterodera glycines. Their nematicidal effect was determined by observing the response of juveniles to Na₂CO₃. The juveniles changed their body shape from straight to curled or hook-shaped and showed quick movements within 2 minutes of addition of 1 µl of 1 N Na₂CO₃ if alive while dead ones did not respond. Eight PGPR strains showing the highest effect on J2s after 48 hours of co-culture were grown in Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) for 10 days. The cell biomass (≈100 mg) from these plates were collected in 1ml sterile water, and the cells were lysed by repeated exposure to boiling (in water bath) with intermittent cooling in ice for 15 minutes. The lysis was followed by removal of cell materials by centrifugation at 4,500 rpm for 5 minutes. The cell-free supernatants were collected as crude extracts, and their efficacy against the J2s was tested in vitro in 96 well plates. The in vitro results indicated that of the eight strains tested, five strains: Bacillus altitudinis (Bal13), B. mojavensis (Bmo3), B. safensis (Bsa27), B. aryabhattai (Bar46), and B. subtilis subsp. subtilis (Bsssu2) produced metabolites that were significantly more toxic to J2s of H. glycines compared to the control and other PGPR strains tested (P ≤ 0.05).

Virginia, (C. Johnson): Twenty-one entries of flue-cured tobacco were evaluated for resistance to TCN (tobacco cyst nematode, Globodera tabacum solanacearum) in a 2018 field experiment. While TCN populations increased on all entries between May and October, increases were significantly lower on cultivars PVH 1600 and PVH 2310 (both possessing the Ph_p gene) compared to standard susceptible cultivars K 326 and Hicks, as well as GF 318 and PVH 2254. Final season TCN populations were intermediate between these two extremes for the majority of the other entries in the study. Unexpected results were noted for some entries (CC 1063, GL 26H, GF 318), and possible explanations for these results are currently being investigated.

Six breeding lines were compared to one commercial cultivar for resistance to root-knot nematode, primarily Meloidogyne arenaria. Percent galling on 10 October was significantly lower on breeding lines PXH 10 and NC EXT 89 versus NC 196, which possesses only Rk1 (conferring resistance to races 1 and 3 of M. incognita). PXH 10 and NC EXT 89 likely possess Rk1, but it is currently not known whether or not either also possesses Rk2, thought to confer partial resistance to M. arenaria.

Three 28-day greenhouse pot trials were conducted in 2018 by graduate student Noah Adamo in order to assess the ability of a population of M. arenaria to penetrate and reproduce on five different tobacco entries. These entries encompassed a range of resistance genotypes, including a susceptible entry, entries homozygous for one of two root-knot nematode resistance genes (RK1 or RK2), and entries carrying one or two copies of both genes. The same entries were also planted in three different commercial tobacco fields in 2018 that had a history of M. arenaria pressure, and were evaluated throughout the growing season for above ground vigor and uniformity, root weight and health, as well as root-knot specific metrics including galling and penetration by juvenile nematodes and subsequent life stage development (still in progress). Additional metrics including numbers of egg masses and numbers of eggs will be calculated from a representative subsample in cases where egg masses are observed in preliminary observations. 

A 2018 on-farm experiment evaluated control of M. arenaria among fumigant, non-fumigant, and biological nematicides. Compared to an untreated control, galling was significantly reduced only by six or ten pounds of Telone II (1,3-dichloropropene [1,3-D] injected per acre, or by four pints of Nimitz (fluensulfone) sprayed and incorporated into a 16-inch band centered over the top of a pre-formed planting bed. Galling was intermediate when 1 pt/A Nimitz was applied in a 16-inch band before transplanting, followed by 6.1 fl oz/A Velum Prime (fluopyram) as a transplant water application. Similarly intermediate effects on galling were also observed for 76.4 fl Vydate C-LV as a preplant incorporated treatment and for a preplant 500 lb/A rate of MBI-601 (Ennoble, a bionematicide based on Muscodor albus). Galling at the end of the growing season ranged from 35% to 65% for other treatments, including Nimitz at a banded rates of 2.1 or 6 pt/A. Similarly high levels of galling were also observed for 5.6 fl oz/A Velum Prime, 0.6 fl oz/A Aveo or 52.1 fl oz/A Q8U80  as transplant water treatments, and after application of 2 gal/A Majestene or 3-4 gal/A MBI-304 at transplanting, the first cultivation, and at layby.

A 2018 field experiment evaluated the effects of 28 fumigant, non-fumigant, or biological nematicides on TCN populations in roots and soil and on tobacco growth. Although initial TCN populations averaged 15,784 eggs/500 cm³ of soil, no statistically significant trends were found among treatments for any of the experimental variables observed.  Estimated TCN soil populations in early July averaged 11,071 eggs/500 cm³ of soil, while means for Q8U80, Aveo, a Promaxx-Zap-Promaxx program, 5, 7 or 9 gal/A Telone, some Nimitz treatments, a combination of Nimitz preplant and Velum Prime at transplanting, and the 500 lb/A MBI-601 treatment, were at or below approximately 10,000 TCN eggs/500 cm³ of soil. In contrast, early July TCN soil populations averaged 11,188 in untreated control plots and ranged from 13,210 to 14,195 where low rates of Nimitz, Q8U80, or MBI-601 had been applied. Numerical trends in plant growth variables suggested that treatments involving 7 or 9 gal Telone II/A may have been associated with increased early season plant growth. Likewise, mid-June assessments of plant vigor and uniformity and plant height and number of leaves in early June suggested that 69 fl oz/A of the non-fumigant nematicide Q8U80, combinations of 5 gal Telone II with later use of 53 fl oz/A Q8U80, and the combination of 1 pt/A Nimitz in a 16-inch band preplant-incorporated with a 6.5 fl oz Velum Prime transplant water treatment may have been linked with greater plant size during the first 6-8 weeks of the growing season.

Missouri, (H. Nguyen): For diagnostic purposes we developed rhg1-2 and rhg1-5 SNP markers for detection Peking-type vs. PI 88788-type of rhg1, Rhg4-3 and Rhg4-5 for detection of a resistant allele of Rhg4, and O-8 and B1-7 for detection of novel SCN QTL on Chr. 10 and 11, respectively. In addition, we developed first available markers for detection of RN resistance QTL on Chr. 11 and 18 in breeding programs. The RN markers will be published in the beginning of 2019.

Germplasm development is done using two approaches: (1) introduction of novel SCN resistance into susceptible elite lines, and (2) gene pyramiding of novel and known resistance of rhg1 and Rhg4. Both approaches are based on marker-assisted backcrossing. Nguyen lab developed experimental lines with pyramided genes in various combinations to test impact of each gene to resistance to different SCN races.

Arkansas, (R. Robbins): I tested 25 soybean breeder’s lines for reniform resistance; three for the USDA Jackson Tenn., seven from Clemson, and 15 from Missouri. Of these 25 lines one from two Clemson, six of Missouri, and three from USDA Jackson did not reproduce significantly more than the resistant check “Hartwig” and may be useful in breeding for reniform resistance in commercial lines. Soybean lines with reniform resistance are of special interest in cotton-soybean rotations because cotton presently has no reniform resistance in commercial lines.

Arkansas, (T. Faske): During the 2018 cropping season my program evaluated 58 soybean cultivars for susceptibility to the southern root-knot nematode, which is the most important plant-parasitic nematode that affects soybean production in Arkansas and mid-South.  This provides some information on cultivar selection in fields with a high population density of root-knot nematodes.  My program also evaluated several of the new seed-applied nematicides such as Trunemco, AVEO EZ Nematicide, NemaStrike ST, BioST Nematicide, and ILeVO, and soil-applied nematicides like AgLogic and Nemasan in soybean.  Similarly in cotton we evaluated seed-applied nematicides like NemaStrike ST, COPeO, and BioST Nematicide and soil-applied applied nematicides like Velum Total and AgLogic. Summary of these trials will be reported as plant disease management reports or used to at winter extension meetings and in-service trainings.

Virginia, (J. Eisenback): A 2018 greenhouse trial tested humic acid and soysoap for suppressing the population increase of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Compared to an untreated control, nematode reproduction was significantly suppressed by both products, but they were phytotoxic when sprayed over the top at 2 oz. per gallon per 1,000 sq. ft. Additional tests are necessary to determine if the rate of these products can be reduced below the level of causing plant injury and maintaining a significant reduction in nematode population levels.

Texas, (T. Wheeler): A large-plot study was initiated in 2014 to determine the impact of a wheat/fallow/cotton rotation compared to a continuous cotton system that included a wheat cover crop.  The study also included five varieties, four with 1-gene or 2-gene resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, and a susceptible variety.  In 2017 and 2018, the variety component was altered to include four varieties that were susceptible to root-knot nematode and one partially resistant (ST 4946GLB2) variety.  An additional cropping system component was added in 2017 with continuous cotton without a cover crop.  The use of predominantly susceptible cotton varieties resulted in a large increase in root-knot nematode density in 2017 and 2018, relative to 2014 to 2016 (Fig. 1).  The continuous cotton systems had more nematode buildup than did the wheat/fallow/cotton system. 

Figure 1.  Root-knot nematode density in the fall for three cropping systems: wheat/fallow/cotton, continuous cotton with a wheat cover, and continuous cotton with no cover crop.  The trials in 2017 and 2018 averaged nematode counts in DP 1646B2XF, FM 1911GLT, NG 4545B2XF, PHY 490W3FE, and ST 4946GLB2.  Figure available from Wheeler

Work with existing varieties and new commercial breeding lines in 2018 indicated that Phytogen has developed some very promising cotton breeding lines to complement their existing root-knot resistant variety PHY 480W3FE. 

¹AMX are experimental lines for Americot, BX are experimental lines for BASF, MON are experimental lines for Bayer CropSciences. DP is Deltapine, FM is FIbermax, PHY is Phytogen, and ST is Stoneville.

²RK is root-knot nematodes/500 cm³ soil and LRK is LOG10(RK+1).

Journal Articles:

Avelar, Sofia, Drew W. Schrimsher, Kathy S. Lawrence, and Judith K. Brown. 2018. First report of cotton leafroll dwarf virus associated with cotton blue disease symptoms in Alabama. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1550-PDN

Cogar, L., C.S. Johnson, and C.T. Clarke. 2018. Resistance to root-knot nematode in flue-cured tobacco cultivars in Virginia, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 12:N001.

Cogar, L., and C. S. Johnson. 2018. Tobacco growth after application of nematicides to control tobacco cyst nematodes in Virginia, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 12:N002.

Di, R., Li, C., and Davis, E.L. 2017. Transgenic soybean plants with root-expressing siRNAs specific to HgRPS23 gene are resistant to Heterodera glycines. Acta Scientific Agriculture 1(2):1-8

Eisenback, J. D., and Paulo Vieira. 2018. Additional notes on the morphology of Meloidogyne kikuyensis. Journal of Nematology.

Eisenback, J. D., J. L. Schroeder, S. H. Thomas, J. M. Beacham, and V. S. Paes-Takahashi^. 2018. Meloidogyne aegracyperi n. sp. parasitizing yellow and purple nutsedge in New Mexico.  Journal of Nematology.

Hajihassani, A. Hamidi, N., Dutta, B. 2018. First report of stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus minor, on onion in Georgia, U.S.A. Journal of Nematology, 50(3): 453-455.

Hajihassani, A. Dutta, B., Jagdale, G., and Subbotin, S. 2018. First report of yellow nutsedge cyst nematode Heterodera cyperi in Georgia, U.S.A. Journal of Nematology, 50(3):456-458

Hewezi T (2018) Epigenetic regulation of plant development and stress responses. Plant Cell Reports, 37: 1-2.

Hewezi T, Pantalone V, Bennett M, Neal Stewart C Jr, Burch-Smith TM (2018) Phytopathogen-induced changes to plant methylomes. Plant Cell Reports, 37: 17-23.

Hu Y, Hewezi T (2018) Nematode-secreted peptides and host factor mimicry. Journal of Experimental Botany 69: 2866-2868.

Klepadlo, Mariola, Clinton G. Meinhardt, Tri D. Vuong, Gunvant Patil, Nicole Bachleda, Heng Ye, Robert T. Robbins, Zenglu Li, J. Grover Shannon, Pengyin Chen, Khalid Meksem, and Henry T. Nguyen. 2018. Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm for Resistance to Multiple Nematode Species: Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Crop Sci. Accepted Paper, posted 07/28/2018. doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.05.0327

Lin J, Ye R, Thekke-Veetil T, Staton M.E, Arelli PR, Bernard EC, Hewezi T, Domier LL, and Hajimorad MR (2018). A novel picornavirus-like genome from transcriptome sequencing of sugar beet cyst nematode represents a new putative genus. Journal of General Virology 99, 1418-1424.

Klepadlo M, Meinhardt CG, Vuong TD, Patil G, Bachleda N, Ye H, Robbins RT, Li Z, Shannon JG, Chen P, Meksem K. Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm for Resistance to Multiple Nematode Species: Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Crop Science. 2018. 58(6):2511-2522. doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.05.0327

Ruark, C.L., Gardner, M., Mitchum, M.G., Davis, E.L., Sit, T. 2018. Novel RNA viruses within plant parasitic cyst nematodes. PLoS One: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193881.

Till, Stephen, Kathy Lawrence and Patricia Donald. 2018. Nematicides, Starter Fertilizers, and Plant Growth Regulators Implementation into a Corn Production System. Plant Health Progress 19: 242-253. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1550-PDN

Shannon, G., H.T. Nguyen, M. Crisel, S. Smothers, M. Clubb, C. C. Vieira, M.L. Ali, S. Selves, M.G. Mitchum, A. Scaboo, Z. Li, J. Bond, C. Meinhardt, R.T. Robbins, and P. Chen. 2018. Registration of ‘S11-20124C’ soybean with high yield potential, multiple nematode resistance, and salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Registration. (In Press)

Cláudia S.L. Vicente, Lev G. Nemchinov, Manuel Mota, Jonathan D. Eisenback, Kathryn Kamo, Paulo Vieira. 2018. Identification and characterization of the first pectin methylesterase gene found in the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. PLoS One.

Vieira, Paulo, Joseph Mowery, Jonathan D. Eisenback, Jonathan Shao, and Lev G. Nemchinov. 2018. Resistant and susceptible response to root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) in alfalfa. Molecular Plant Pathology.

Xiang, Ni, K.S. Lawrence, and P.A. Donald. 2018 Biological control potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria suppression of Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and Heterodera glycines on soybean: A review.  Journal of Phytopathology. 2018:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12712

Xiang, Ni, K.S. Lawrence, J.W. Kloepper, and P.A. Donald. 2018. Biological control of Rotylenchulus reniformis on soybean by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Nematropica: 48:116-125. 

Book Chapter:

Faske, T. R., Overstreet, C., Lawrence, G., and Kirkpatrick, T. L. 2018. Important plant parasitic nematodes of row crops in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Pp. xxx-xxx in S. A. Subbotin and J. J. Chitambar, eds. Plant parasitic nematodes in sustainable agriculture of North America, vol. Vol. 2 - Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern USA. New York: Springer.

Published Abstracts:

Robbins, Robert T. and Devany Crippen. 2018. Evaluation of soybean plant introductions with reported resistance to soybean cyst nematode for reniform nematode resistance. Final SON Program Albuquerque 2018 Page 82 Abstract

Proceedings:

Faske, T. R., Allen, T. W., Lawrence, G. W., Lawrence, K. S., Mehl, H. L.,  Overstreet, C., Wheeler, T. A. 2018. Beltwide nematode research and education committee report on cotton cultivars and nematicides responses in nematode soils, 2017.  Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences; January 3-4; San Antonio, TX.   National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN. Pp 811 -814.

Kathy Lawrence, Austin Hagan, Randy Norton, J. Hu, Travis R. Faske, Robert B. Hutmacher, John Muller6, Ian Small, Z. Grabau, Robert C. Kemerait, Charlie Overstreet, Paul Price, Gary W. Lawrence, Tom W. Allen, Sam Atwell, John Idowa, Randy Bowman, Jerry R. Goodson, Heather Kelly, Jason Woodward, Terry Wheeler and Hillary L. Mehl. 2018.  Cotton Disease Loss Estimate Committee Report, 2017. Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 161-163. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. 

http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

Marina Rondon, Ni Xiang, Jenny Koebernick and Kathy Lawrence. 2018. Detection of Cassiicolin-Encoding Genes in Corynespora cassiicola Isolates from Cotton and Soybean. Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 493-496. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

Hayden Hugh Moye, Ni Xiang, Kathy S. Lawrence, Joyce Tredaway and Edzard van Santen. 2018. Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Cover for Alabama Cropping Systems: Fungal Diseases, Susceptibility to Nematodes, and Efficacy of Herbicides. Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 497-502. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

Will Groover and Kathy S. Lawrence. 2018. Meloidogyne Spp. Identification and Distribution in Alabama Crops Via the Differential-Host Test and Molecular Analysis. Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 503-505. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

Kaitlin Gattoni, Ni Xiang, Kathy Lawrence and Joseph Kloepper. 2018. Systemic Induced Resistance to the Root-Knot Nematode Cause By Bacillus Spp.  Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 506-510. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

David R. Dyer, Kathy S. Lawrence and Drew Schrimsher.  2018. Yield Loss to Cotton Cultivars Due to Reniform and Root-Knot Nematode and the Added Benefit of Velum Total. Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 511-514. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

Stephen R. Till, Kathy S. Lawrence and Drew Schrimsher. 2018. A Cost-Effective Approach for Combining Nematicides, Starter Fertilizers, and Plant Growth Regulators in order to Create a Sustainable Management System for the Southern Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 515-514. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

Drew Schrimsher, Brad Meyer, Kathy Lawrence and Trey Cutts. 2018. Cotton Virus Associates with Whiteflies or Something Else? Proceedings of the 2018 Beltwide Cotton Conference Vol. 1: 925. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. http://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/2005-2018/index.htm

Groover, Will, K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, S. Till, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni. 2018. Soybean variety and nematicide evaluation in a reniform infested field in northern Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N004 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N004.pdf

Groover, Will, K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, S. Till, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni. 2018. Nematicide and fertilizer combinations for root-knot nematode management on soybean in northern Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N005 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N005.pdf

Groover, Will, K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, S. Till, D. Dyer. 2018. Nematicide and fertilizer combinations for root-knot nematode management on soybean in central Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N006 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N006.pdf

Groover, Will, K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, S. Till, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni. 2018. Soybean variety and nematicide evaluation in a root-knot nematode infested field in southern Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N007 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N007.pdf

Groover, Will, K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, S. Till, D. Dyer. 2018. Fertilizer and nematicide combination for reniform nematode management on soybean in central Alabama, 2017 Report No. 12:N008 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N008.pdf

Groover, Will, K.S. Lawrence, S. Till, D. Dyer, N. Xiang. 2018. Fertilizer and nematicide combination evaluations for root-knot nematode management in southern Alabama, 2017 Report No. 12:N009 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N009.pdf

Dyer, D.  K. S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, N. Xiang, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni, C. Norris. 2018. Cotton variety evaluation with and without Velum Total for reniform management in north Alabama, 2017 Report No. 12:N010 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N010.pdf

Dyer, D.  K. S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, N. Xiang, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni. 2018. Cotton variety evaluation with and without Velum Total for root-knot management in Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N011 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N011.pdf

Dyer, D.  K. S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, N. Xiang, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni. 2018. Effects of starter fertilizers, plant hormones, and nematicides to manage reniform nematode damage in Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N012 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N012.pdf

Dyer, D.  K. S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, N. Xiang, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni, M. Pegues. 2018. Cotton variety evaluation with and without Velum Total for root-knot nematode management in south Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N013 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N013.pdf

Dyer, D.  K. S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, N. Xiang, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni, C. Norris. 2018. Cotton variety evaluation with and without Velum Total for reniform management in north Alabama, 2017 Report No. 12:N014 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N014.pdf

Dyer, D.  K. S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, N. Xiang, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni. 2018. Cotton variety evaluation with and without Velum Total for root-knot nematode management in Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N019 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N019.pdf

Dyer, D.  K. S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, N. Xiang, M. Rondon, K. Gattoni, C. Norris. 2018. Evaluation of a by-product fertilizer to increase plant growth and decrease reniform population density on cotton in Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N020 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N020.pdf

Lawrence. K., N. Xiang, W Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. Cotton seeding rate and fungicide combinations for cotton seedling disease management in north Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N021 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N021.pdf

Lawrence. K., N. Xiang, W Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. Cotton nematicide combinations for reniform management in north Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N022 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N022.pdf

Lawrence. K., N. Xiang, W Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. Cotton nematicide combinations for reniform management in central Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N023 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N023.pdf

Lawrence. K., N. Xiang, W Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. Cotton nematicide combinations for reniform management in north Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N024 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N024.pdf

Moye, H. H., K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, W. Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. Reniform nematode control on cotton using nematicide combinations in north Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N025 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N025.pdf

Robbins, Robert T. and Devany Crippen. 2018. Evaluation of 418 Soybean Plant   Introductions with Reported Resistance to Future Soybean Cyst Nematode for Reniform Nematode Resistance. Proceedings of the 45th annual Meeting of the Southern      Soybean Disease workers. March 7-8, 2018 Pencacola Beach, Florida. Abstract. Page 13.

Till, S. R.,  K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, W. Groover, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. The effect of Counter 20G and corn hybrid selection on early corn plant growth and yield in the presence of root-knot nematode in Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N026 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N026.pdf

Till, S. R.,  K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, W. Groover, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. Corn hybrid and nematicide evaluation in root-knot nematode infested soil in central Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N027 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N027.pdf

Till, S. R.,  K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, W. Groover, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon. 2018. Evaluation of nematicides, starter fertilizers, and plant growth regulators for root-knot nematode management in south Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N028 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N028.pdf

Till, S. R.,  K.S. Lawrence, N. Xiang, W. Groover, D. Dyer, M. Foshee, K. Gattoni, M. Rondon, M. Foshee. 2018. Corn variety evaluation with and without Counter 20G for root-knot management in south Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N029 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.  http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N029.pdf

Xiang, Ni,  K. S. Lawrence, W. Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni. 2018. Evaluation of BioST nematicide for root-knot nematode management on corn in central Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N032 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.  http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N032.pdf

Xiang, Ni,  K. S. Lawrence, W. Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni. 2018. Evaluation of BioST nematicide for root-knot nematode management on cotton in central Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N033 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N033.pdf

Xiang, Ni,  K. S. Lawrence, W. Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni. 2018. Evaluation of BioST nematicide for reniform nematode management on cotton in north Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N034 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N034.pdf

Xiang, Ni,  K. S. Lawrence, W. Groover, S. Till, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni. 2018. Evaluation of BioST nematicide for root-knot nematode management on soybean in central Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N035 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N035.pdf

Gattoni, Kaitlin, N Xiang, K. S. Lawrence, W. Groover, A. Till, D. Dyer, M. N. Rondon, M. Foshee. 2018. Evaluation of cotton nematicide combinations and rates for reniform nematode management in northern Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:N040 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N040.pdf

Gattoni, Kaitlin, N Xiang, K. S. Lawrence, W. Groover, A. Till, D. Dyer, M. N. Rondon, M. Foshee. 2018. Evaluation of cotton nematicide combinations for reniform nematode management in northern Alabama, 2017 Report No. 12:N041 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/N041.pdf

Rondon, Marina Nunes, N. Xiang, K.S. Lawrence, S. Till, W. Groover, D. Dyer, K. Gattoni. 2018. Evaluation of seed treatments fungicides for damping-off control in northern Alabama, 2017. Report No. 12:ST002 DOI: 11.1094/PDMR12 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/reports/2018/ST002.pdf

M.R. Hajimorad, J. Lin, R. Ye, M. Staton, E.C. Bernard, P.R. Arelli, T. Hewezi, T. Thekke-Veetil, and L. Domier (2018). A novel picorna-like virus from transcriptome sequencing of sugar beet cyst nematode. Proceedings of American Society for Virology, 27th annual meeting, University of Maryland, Maryland, MD. July 14-18. P380.

Daniel Niyikiza, Greyson Dickey, Carl Sams, Tomas Gill, Tessa Burch-Smith, Dean Kopsell, Tarek Hewezi, Vince Pantalone (2018) Screening for SCN resistance and field evaluation of soybean recombinant inbred lines. The 17th Biennial Conference on the Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Soybean, August 26-29, 2018, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.

Wilson, K., Mann, A., Teague, T. G., and Faske, T. 2018.  Cotton and pest response to nematicide-insecticide combinations applied at-planting across different soil textures in a spatially variable field – year II  Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences; January 3-5; San Antonio, TX. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.  Pp 815-825.

Plant Disease Management Reports:

Hurd, K., Faske, T. R. and Emerson, M. 2018.  Evaluation of ILeVO to suppress root-knot nematode on soybean in Arkansas, 2017.  PDMR 12:N043.

Hurd, K., Faske, T. R. and Emerson, M. 2018.  Evaluation of ILeVO to suppress root-knot nematode on soybean in Arkansas, 2017.  PDMR 12:N044.

Hurd, K., Faske, T. R. and Emerson, M. 2018.  Evaluation of ILeVO and VOTiVO to suppress root-knot nematode on soybean in Arkansas, 2017.  PDMR 12:N045.

Hurd, K., Faske, T. R. and Emerson, M. 2018.  Evaluation of Velum Total and COPeO to manage root-knot nematode on cotton in Arkansas, 2017.  PDMR 12:N047.

Hurd, K., Faske, T. R. and Emerson, M. 2018.  Evaluation of two methods to deliver Velum Total to manage root-knot nematode on cotton in Arkansas, 2017.  PDMR 12:N048.

Hurd, K., Faske, T. R. and Emerson, M. 2087.  Evaluation of the efficacy of several nematicides to manage root-knot nematode on cotton in Arkansas, 2017.  PDMR 12:N049.

Hurd, K., Faske, T. R. and Emerson, M. 2018.  Evaluation of Velum Total to manage root-knot nematode on cotton in Arkansas, 2017.  PDMR 12:N050.

Other Extension publications and presentations:

Faske, T. R. 2018. Field performance of selected soybean varieties in a southern root-knot nematode infested field, 2018.  Arkansas Row Crops. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Research and Extension.  Access date: 6 December 2018.  Available at: http://www.arkansas-crops.com/2018/11/13/performance-varieties-nematode/