Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

NE1008 Minutes, Oct. 5, 2002, Orono, Maine Submitted by secretary, ytao@wam.umd.edu Gary Hyde, Chair, 10/5/02 at 8:10am, University of Maine. Attendees: Affiliation Email address 1 Loren Gautz University of Hawaii, Manoa lguatz@hawaii.edu 2 Daniel Guyer Michigan State University guyer@egr.msu.edu 3 Paul Heinemann Penn State hzh@psu.edu 4 Yong D. Hang Cornell University, Geneva ydh1@cornell.edu 5 Richard Stroshine Purdue University chstrosh@ecn.purdue.edu 6 James Throop Cornell University jat12@cornell.edu 7 Renfu Lu USDA-ARS lur@msu.edu 8 Stan Prussia lochUniversity of Georgia sprussia@griffin.peachnet.edu 9 Andre Baritelle Motorola andre.baritelle@motorola.com 10 Darrell Donahue University of Maine Darrell_Donahue@umit.maine.edu 11 Roger Rohrbach NC State University rohrbach@eos.ncsu.edu 12 Steve Goodwin University of Massachusetts sgoodwin@fnr.umass.edu 13 Gary Hyde Washington State University gmhyde@wsu.edu 14 Yang Tao University of Maryland ytao@wam.umd.edu 15 Boyan Peshlov University of Maine Boyan.Peshlov@umit.maine.edu Members not present: tlpar Vangle Alocilja Michigan State University Daniel J. Aneshansley Cornell Ithaca Antje J. Baeumner Cornell Ithaca M. D. Boyette NC State University M. J. Delwiche University of California Davis J. K. Fellman Washington State University Yen-Con Hung University of Georgia Joseph Irudayaraj Penn State University ustright M. Andy Rao Cornell University-Geneva Joseph Scheerens Ohio State University D. C. Slaughter U. Cal. Davis Ajit Srivastava Michigan State U. L. Stikeleather NC St. U Juming Tang Washington State U idctlpar Ernest Tollner U of Georgia Gary called meeting to order. Introductions 1. Welcome to the new administrative advisor of NE-1008 Dr. Steve Goodwin, University of f0Massachusetts. 2. Awards to NE-179 and its members. Steve Goodwin reported the Directors meeting in West Virginia and NE-179 received the annual award for the job well done. Steve presented certificates to committee members and will get corrections for and send out a few others. 3. Gary requested Station Reports from each station. Send email attachment to him. 4. Welcome to The University of Maine by G. Bruce Wiersma, Ph.D., Dean of the College of Natural Sciences, Forestry and Agriculture and Director of the Maine Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The Dean drove 18 miles from home on a Saturday morning to the meeting and showed much interest and support. He gave an introduction of the University, College of Ag and Natural Resources, Experiment Station, and Maine Agriculture. Station Reports* Speaker Affiliation hichTitle cellx92321 James Throop Cornell Detection of internal and external defects for apples 2 Yong D. Hung af98Cornell Relationship between the activity of  galactionace and grape firmness 3 Stan Prussia Georgia Simulation models for predicting lochpost harvest changes / Electrolyzed water for treating lettuce (Yen-con Hung) / Classification of onions based on internal defects using commential x-ray inspection equipment (Bill Tollner) 4 Loren Gautz Hawaii Coffee Origins & Kanalactone using NIRS. 5 Darrell Donahue Maine Infestation detection in blue berries via NIR 6 Yang Tao Maryland Safety inspection of fresh fruits and vegetables using optical sensing and imaging techniques. 7 Daniel Guyer Michigan UV visible and NIR reflectance and florescence for disorder and insect identification on fruits and vegetables. f988 Roger Rohrbach N.Carolina Effects of sunlight or shade on maturity and optical density in blueberries. 9 Paul Heinemann Penn Detection of pathogens on fruit using electronic nose and IR spectroscopy technology. 10 Richard Stroshine Indiana Magnetic resonance detection of water core and internal browning of apples. 11 Renfu Lu USDA-MI Nondestructive sensing technologies for assessing internal quality of apples. 12 Gary Hyde Wash. St. Impact damage and insect control research at Washington State University. / Insect killing using Microwave energy (Juming Tang). num13 Andre Baritelle Motorola Update on Motorolas Precision Farming Program. lrtb *Written report also received from U.C. Davis New NE-1008 Project:  Thanks to Paul Heinemann for putting the new project proposal together  Paul talked about the proposal. Thanks to each station for the contributions. Awards for Mark Mount --- for his outstanding contribution to NE-179. A certificate was drafted and all members signed. Steve will print the certificate and present it to Mark. Discussion Session: Focused on NE1008 Project Implementation, including: 1. Proposal writing 2. NE1008 member collaboration to sharing information, equipment, and expertise 3. Seeking and using input from stakeholdersthose who will benefit greatly from the projects expected outputs 4. Effective technology transfer to those stakeholders.  Fresh-cut Produce Associate will hold a trade show in Florida. NE-1008 will setup a booth to show our research. Send Stan Prussia your materials such as slides, posters, etc. for his development of a poster at the show, which is at the End of Oct, 2003, Roger Rohrbach will send information to us.  Stan proposed a survey of sensors about the needs, uses of sensors, and transformation of information to knowledge  Steve Goodwin suggested new ideas about industrial liaison to create more impact to the industry and stakeholders.  Further discussion on how to generate more impact to stakeholders by members: o Invite growers, fresh packers, politicians, etc and ask information o Through road shows and industrial liaisons. o Work with Horticultural Association for inputs o Contact produce marketing association, transport industry, National Food Processor Association NFPA, Apple Association, etc..  How to get these industrial people and what are we looking for? James Throop talked about Cornells experience with growers and politicians.  Web page: NE-1008 http://www.lgu.umd.edu/printVers.cfm?trackID=1154 Elections and new leadership  Darrell Donahue was elected as the Secretary of 2003-2004  Renfu Lu was elected as the Member at Large  Andre Baritelle was elected as the new Industrial Liaison representative.  Yang Tao, University of Maryland, moves up from current secretary to become Chair for the next meeting. Locations of the next meetings (2002-2003 & 2003-2004): NC State University. Early January, 2004. Preliminary date: Jan. 9-10 -- Friday tour, and Saturday business meeting. Roger Rohrbach will be the host and finalize the date. Michigan State University. August, 2005. Dan Guyer and Renfu Lu will be the host of the meeting.

UC Davis developed a system to detect Salmonella in production of alfalfa sprouts. Cornell University developed an all-cultivar, 5-apple-per-second orienter for use in automatic defect detection systems. Cornell University-Geneva research with six grape cultivars (Einset Seedless, Suffolk Red, Canadice, Remaily Seedless, Niagara and Concord) and four apple cultivars (Jonamac, McIntosh, Empire and Crispin) indicates an inverse relationship between the beta-galactosidase activity and the firmness of fruits (apples and grapes). Also, calcium chloride increased the storage modulus of potatoes at 60-80 degree C, with the most effective conditions being 70 degree C and 0.1 M calcium chloride. Pectin methyl esterase activity was higher at lower heating temperatures (40-50 degree C), but decreased linearly with heating temperature. University of Georgia computer model simulations show dramatic quality loss due to delays in cooling of fresh peaches and blueberries. A simulation game developed there teaches produce manages the best balance between peach inventory and profitability. In other experiments, electrolyzed water proved to be as effective as acidified chlorinated water in removing E. coli and Listeria from lettuce leaves. Commercial X-ray equipment proved capable of detecting onion defects before they were visible on the onion surface. The synergy of the NE179/1008 group fostered multi-state cooperation enabling University of Hawaii research to adapt X-ray, NMR, MRI, NIRS and PLS techniques developed elsewhere to the unique problems of tropical agriculture. In addition, University of Hawaii research developed mechanical removal of mucilage from coffee beans that has no effect on coffee flavor and uses much less water than conventional processing. A patent was obtained for converting the mucilage into a food flavoring. A UH-developed near-infrared system was able to determine whether coffee beans were from Kona with zero error for the 180 samples tested. UH near-infrared reflectance scanning of dried Kava root proved to give predictions of total and 6-specy kavalactone concentrations comparable to those found by the standard HPLC methods, and in much less time. University of Maine research found that spectral analysis using visible and near infrared wavelengths can detect maggots in blueberries. University of Maryland continues research on imaging for apple defect recognition and on fruit and vegetable safety inspection using optical sensing and imaging. Michigan State University researchers developed a lighting, filtering, and camera set-up system to use visible and NIR reflectance, halogen and long-wave UV induced fluorescence, and visible and NIR transmittance of light to detect fruit defects, including insects. Potential exists in coupling these techniques to enhance identification and classification of disorders. North Carolina State University research showed higher optical density for blueberries to be strongly correlated with higher sugar/acid ratios, such that optical density could serve as a proxy for sugar/acid measurement. Purdue University research showed that magnetic resonance (MR) decay curves differ between sound apples and those with internal browning or watercore. Development continues on the specialized conveyor needed to move whole fruits and vegetables through the MR sensor. Pennsylvania State University research found that the portable Cyranose 320 could easily detect E. coli K12 at concentrations of 5.3 CFU/ml and higher. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy proved capable of not only discriminating between 6 different strains of E coli, including the pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, but could differentiate the pathogen from non-pathogens. Further, a prototype Spreeta SPR biosensor proved capable of detecting S. Enteritidis in alfalfa sprouts. USDA/ARS research at Michigan State used multispectral and spectroscopy imaging to assess firmness and sugar content in apples, based on absorption and scattering of light inside the fruit. The multispectral technique predicted Magness-Taylor firmness with a correlation coefficient of 0.87. Results confirm that light scattering is related to the texture of apple tissue. Washington State University research developed the fundamental basis and pilot-scale techniques for microwave and radio frequency eradicating insects from fruits and nuts without damaging those commodities. Fruit and vegetable impact damage research made the connections between commodity tissue properties, temperature and hydration conditioning to improve those properties, and resulting bruise thresholds for these commodities. Conditioning can improve bruise thresholds and hence reduce mechanical damage in fruits and vegetables. Thermal imaging research showed that recent bruises in apples warm more slowly than the surrounding tissue, and that the reason is that the bruises have higher density and higher thermal conductivity, resulting in higher thermal diffusivity. Thus, the bruises conduct heat into the interior of a cold faster and so appear colder in thermal images of the apple surface.

Cornell U.-Geneva Bu-Contreas, R. and Rao, M. A. 2001. Influence of heating conditions and starch on the storage modulus of Russet Burbank and Yukon Gold potatoes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81:1504-1511. Bu-Contreas, R. and Rao, M. A. 2002. Review:dynamic theological behavior of heated potatoes. Food Science and Technology International 8:3-10. Hang, Y. D. and Woodams, E. E. 2002. Soluble and cell-wall associated forms of beta-galactosidase in apple fruits. Paper 30G-1. 2002 IFT Annual Meeting Book of Abstracts, Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago. U GA Buck, JW, Van Iersel, M, Oetting, R, Hung, YC. 2002 In vitro fungicidal activity of acidit electrolyzed oxidized water. Plant Dis. 86(3):278-281. NeSmith, DS, Prussia, SE, Tetteh, M, Krewer, G. 2002. Firmness losses of rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) during hrvesting and handling. Acta Horticulturae. 547:287-293. Park, C-M, Humg, YC, Ddoyle, MP, Ezeike, GOI, Kim, C. 2001. Patogen reduction and quality of lettuce treaed with electrolyzed oxidizing and acidified chlorinated water. J. Food Sci. 66(9):1368-1372. Prussia, SE, Hung, YC. 2001. Improved laser-puff food firmness detector. Acta Horticulturae, 655:231-235. Scharz, D, Klaring, HP, Ingram, KT, Hung, YC. 2001. Model-based control of nutrient solution concentration influences tomato growth and fruit quality. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126(6): 778-784. Tetteh, K, Prussia, SE, NeSmith, DS, Verma, BP. 2002. Modeling blueberry firmness and mass loss during cooling delays and storage. ASAE Paper No. 02-6009. (On CD from ASAE). Tollner, EW. 2002. Classification of onions based on internal defects using commercial X-ray inspection equipment. ASAE Paper No. 02-012297. U HA U ME Donahue, D. W., F. A. Drummond, P.P. Bosse, and J. Collins.2002. Infestation Detection in Wild Blueberries using Near-infrared Spectroscopy. Proceedings & presentation at the 9th North American Blueberry Research & Extension Workers Conference, 18-21 August, Halifax, NS, Canada. Donahue D. W. 2002. Research results (2001-2002) and update 5-year research plan. Final Report to the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine, University of Maine, Orono, Maine. February and October. U MD Cheng, M., Y. Tao, Y.R. Chen, and Y. Luo. 2002. A NIR/MIR Dual-Sensor Machine Vision System for On-Line Apple Stem-end/Calyx Recognition. Trans. of ASAE. Accepted for publication. Tao, Y., M. Cheng, Y.R. Chen, and Y. Luo. 2002. NIR/MIR Dual-Sensor Vision System for Apple Defect and Stem-end/Calyx On-Line Recognition. Postharvest Unlimited. Belgium, June14, 2002. Ying, Y., H. Jing, Y. Tao, and N. Zhang. 2002. Detecting Stem and Shape of Pears Using Fourier Transformation and an Artificial Neural Network. Trans. of AsAE. Accepted for publication. MI St. NC St. Purdue Penn St. Paradkar, M., J. Irudayaraj, and S. Sivakesava. 2001. Discrimination and classification of beet and cane inverts in different floral honey by FT-Raman spectroscopy. Food Chemistry. 76:231-239 Yang, H. and J. Irudayaraj. 2001. Characterization of edible coatings and microorganisms on produce surface using depth profile analysis. Applied Spectroscopy 55(5):310-329. Sivakesava, S. and J. Irudayaraj. 2001. Detection of inverted beet sugar adulteration of honey by FTIR spectroscopy. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81:683-690. Powell, T.B., P.H. Heinemann, and A. Demirci. 2002. Electronic Nose Detection of E. Coli on the Surface of Apples. ASAE Paper No. 02-6096. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph, MI. 8 pp. USDA Lu, R. 2002. Detection of bruises on apples using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Trans. of the ASAE. (accepted) Lu, R. 2002. Multispectral imaging for predicting firmness and sugar content of apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology (submitted). Lu, R. and D. Ariana. 2002. A near-infrared sensing technique for measuring firmness and sugar content of apples. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. (in print) Lu, R., A. J. Srivastava, and R. M. Beaudry. A new bioyield tester for measuring apple fruit firmness. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. (submitted). Lu, R. 2002. Near-infrared imaging spectroscopy for detecting new and old bruises on apples. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Agricultural Engineering Conference in Wuxi, China, November 27-30, 2002. WA St. Wang, S., Tang, J., Johnson, J., Mitcham, B., and Hansen, J. 2002. Process protocols based on radio frequency energy to control field and storage pests in in-shell walnuts. Postharvest Biology and Technology 26(3):265-273. Wang, S., Tang, J., Johnson, J.A., and Hansen, J.D. 2002. Thermal death kinetics of 5th instar navel Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Stored Products Research 38: 427-440. Wang, S., Ikediala, J., Tang, J., and Hansen, J.D. 2002. Thermal death kinetics and heating rate effects for 5th instar Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Stored Products Research 38:441-453. Ikediala, J.N., Hansen, J., Tang, J., Drake, S.R., Wang, S. 2002. Quarantine treatment of cherries using radio frequency energy and saline-water-immersion technique. Postharvest Biology and Technology 24(1):25-37. Johnson, J.A., Wang, S., and Tang, J. 2002. Thermal death kinetics of 5th instar Indian meal larvae. J. Entomology. (in press, Sept., 2002). Baritelle, A. L. and G. M. Hyde. 2002. Effect of Specific Gravity and Cultivar on the Impact Sensitivity of Potatoes. Postharvest Biology and Technology (in press). Olsen, N., R.E. Thornton, A. Baritelle, and G. Hyde. 2002. The influence of storage conditions on physical and physiological characteristics of cv Shepody potatoes. Potato Research (in press). Varith, J. Hyde, G.M., Baritelle, A.L., Fellman, J.K., Sattabongkot, T., 2002. Non-contact bruise detection in apples by thermal imaging. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies (in press).