Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Minutes WERA 1014

October 19 and 20, 2016

October 19 – Jefferson County Extension Office, Golden, CO

Bill Nobles, CSU Extension Director for the Peaks and Plains Region, welcomed the group to Colorado and gave a brief introduction of the importance of forages to the state.

Anowar Islam from the University of Wyoming then gave an overview of his research with an emphasis on a study looking at improving yield and quality using grass-legume mixtures. Mixtures that included alfalfa ranked at the top with the highest yielding entry being a mix of 30% alfalfa and 70% meadow brome. Birdsfoot trefoil also looked promising with a mix consisting of 25% alfalfa, 25% birdsfoot trefoil, and 50% meadow brome ranking close to the top in yield. As a generally rule, inclusion of legumes improved the crude protein content of the forage produced.

Glenn Shewmaker from the University of Idaho first reported on a seed coating evaluation. He found that they can be beneficial in marginal soils and gypsum-based coatings have improved establishment in calcareous soils. He commented that these need to be tested across large areas to encompass variability, not in small plots. He has also tested a number of biostimulants but has seen little if any benefit, possibly a trend in one case when micronutrients were applied to alfalfa. He has also looked at effects of length of hay storage on quality and found that crude protein increase slightly due to a loss of sugars which causes a decrease in digestibility and increase in lignin content. One interesting comment was that when looking at prussic acid levels in different forages, he found that pearl millet contained some of the highest levels. As a general rule, pearl millet is considered not to contain prussic acid, so this needs further evaluation. As in many areas of the West, water is one of the main issues facing agriculture. In Idaho, pumping is now regulated with producers needing to reduce water use by 12 to 13%. They need to fix leaks, turn off end gun, and look at more efficient methods of application.

Chanda Engel from North Dakota State University reported on a project looking at winter rye for forage by feeding it to cows in drylot as hay or silage as well as grazing it as pasture. They have looked at several double cropping options with rye in the rotation. A new variety of rye has been released called ND Dylan. In North Dakota, producers can harvest the ditch right of ways for hay, so they have a proposed project to look at the effects of fertility and harvest date on yield and quality of hay produced from these areas.

Jason Ahola from the Animal Science Department at Colorado State University was invited to speak on the concept of producing beef without the use of mature cows: A look at the all heifer, no cow system which is a totally different system of beef production that requires thinking outside of the box.

Jennifer MacAdam from Utah State University reported on work she is doing to quantify the level of tannins and carbohydrates in various legumes and broadleaf forages. The level of lignin is higher in birdsfoot trefoil compared to alfalfa but birdsfoot trefoil, small burnet, and sainfoin have higher levels of carbohydrates.

Mylen Bohle from Oregon State University has a number of projects going and he provided a handout that gave a brief synopsis of each.

Emily Glunk from Montana State University has an alfalfa variety trial looking at conventional versus reduced lignin varieties. She is also involved in a trial looking at animal performance of beef cattle that are fed reduced lignin alfalfa in the ration. She is also involved in a big trial being funded by the state to look at the benefits of cover crops including grazing. Annual forages (13 varieties of barley and 2 of oats) are being evaluated for preference and palatability. She cautioned that you need to be careful with oats because of their propensity to accumulate nitrates. Yield and quality of alfalfa in response to boron and sulfur additions are also being evaluated. At the Dillon site, boron increased yield of second harvest but there was not difference to the total for the season. No difference was measured in quality due to boron application. For sulfur, a yield increase was measured under dryland production conditions.

In the afternoon, we went on a tour that was organized by Jennifer Cook from Colorado State University Extension. We first stopped at a site in Wheat Ridge, CO in which they are successfully using goats to mitigate weeds on city owned open spaces. We then stopped at a site in the same general area in which Jennifer has been conducting a pasture clipping study to look at the effects of intensity and frequency of defoliation on pasture productivity. Our final stop was in the foothills outside of Golden, CO to look at a Paddock Paradise Track System for horse pasture management. This was a very interesting stop to see how this landowner is utilizing this system on a fairly small acreage to protect and improve her pasture forage while still allowing the horses to get their daily exercise. More small acreage horse owners should utilize this type of system to avoid overgrazing of pastures.

We then convened at 240 Union-A Creative Grille in Lakewood, CO for happy hour and dinner.

October 20 – Arbor House,  Golden, CO

Serkan Ates is a new faculty member at Oregon State University working on forages. He reported on a couple of projects he has been involved with before arriving in Oregon. In New Zealand, he worked on a grazing trial with perennial ryegrass that was mixed with different clovers such as white, subterranean, and Caucasian. They measured gains of 300 g/head/day with 40 to 50% subterranean clover in the mix. In a project with ICARDA, they found that Hungarian vetch was not as palatable due to the concentration of phenolics in the plant.

Earl Creech from Utah State University has been involved with a big study in conjunction with the USDA Range and Forage Lab in Logan to evaluate 48 entries of different forages at 10 dryland range sites throughout the West. Depending on individual site characteristics and environmental conditions, there is tremendous variability in the ability of the different entries to establish which makes it difficult to make any specific recommendations. White River Indian ricegrass has done well as has Siberian wheatgrass, but it has low productivity. He has also been involved in a study in which forage kochia has been seeded into halogeton infested areas as a means of suppression of this toxic plant. This approach has been relatively successful. Finally, he has been doing some work looking at row spacing and plant population effects on yield of corn silage. He has documented a 5% increase in yield with 20 versus 30 inch row spacing. He has also measured a continual increase in yield as the plant population goes from 25,000 to 50,000 plants per acre but one has to weigh the added input of the extra seed versus the added yield potential associated with the higher seeding rates.

Joe Brummer from Colorado State University presented information on some dryland cover crop grazing work he has been involved in. Producers that grazed the cover crop mixture early in the season realized animal gains as high as 3.4 pounds per day while those that grazed later in the season when the cover crop plants were more mature only had gains of 1 to 1.5 pounds per day. He also reported on an irrigated pasture study that will begin during the 2017 growing season. This is a farm scale study (212 acres) that will evaluate animal performance and economics related to 4 different mixtures that were planted.

Troy Ocheltree from the Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship at Colorado State University then gave an invited presentation on The Deep Roots of Grasses: Can’t Live With Them, Can’t Live Without Them in which he went over some recent work he has been involved with where they found that even deep rooted grasses get most of their water from the top foot or so of the soil profile. This goes against a lot of conventional thinking. He speculated that although grasses get most of their water for growth from the upper part of the soil profile, the deeper roots are important for sustaining plants during drought.

Brian Weech from Barenbrug Seed gave an overview of some of their high quality forage varieties and experiences working with producers.

Jerome Magnuson from DLF Seed described their forage maturity matrix and work with the Alliance for Grasslands Renewal.

Emily Glunk from Montana State University then gave a very informative presentation on the issue with non-structural carbohydrates in forages and the negative effects they can sometimes have on horses such as causing laminitis and other metabolic disorders.

Glenn Shewmaker from the University of Idaho then led a discussion on seed mixtures covering such topics as the advantages and disadvantages of mixtures, what species should not be included in mixtures, and the possible development of educational materials to help producers make appropriate decisions regarding mixtures.

At the conclusion of the meeting, Emily Glunk from Montana State University agreed to take on the role of Chairperson and Jennifer MacAdam from Utah State University agreed to serve as Secretary for the group. Everyone was in agreement with these choices. Emily also agreed to host the meeting next year in Montana.

Colorado - Grants

Islam, M.A., J.E. Brummer, and  M. Doohong. "The Silent Decline in Soil Potassium Levels and its Effect on Alfalfa Productivity in the Central and Western US", USDA-NIFA Alfalfa and Forage Research Program, $63,928. (start: September 1, 2016, end: August 31, 2019).

Brummer, J. E., R.D. Rhoades, J. Ippolito, and J.K. Ahola. "A Long-term Integrated Evaluation of the ARDEC Irrigated Forage System", Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. $89,933. (start: October 1, 2016, end: December 31, 2018).

Colorado - Extension Presentations

November 29, 2016, "Alfalfa and Grass Forage Fertility: Considerations for Improving Your Bottom Line", Eastern Colorado Crop Production Conference, Colorado State University, Brummer, J. E.

October 20, 2016, "Colorado Forage Update 2016", Pacific Northwest Forage Workers and WERA 1014 Annual Meeting, Colorado State Univeristy, Brummer, J. E.

June 14, 2016, "Forage Fertility:Improving Your Bottom Line", Wyoming Forage Field Day, University of Wyoming, Brummer, J. E.

June 14, 2016, "Are the new low-lignin alfalfas for you?", Wyomng Forage Field Day, Univeristy of Wyoming, Brummer, J. E.

March 29, 2016, "Agronomic Responses of Grass and Alfalfa Hayfields to No and Partial Season Irrigation as Part of a Potential Colorado Western Slope Water Bank", 2016 Water Bank Webinar Series, Colorado State University, Brummer, J. E., Jones, L. P., Cabot, P. E., Pearson, C. H., Berrada, A.

February 25, 2016, "Improved Digestibility and Quality: Are the new low-lignin alfalfas for you?", Alfalfa U, High Plains Journal, Brummer, J. E.

Idaho - International Presentations

Pasture and Grazing Management Extension Programing in Northwestern USA, 10th International Rangeland Congress, 17-22 July 2016, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Seminar on tall fescue, light interception, and nonstructural carbohydrate levels; 12 Feb. 2016, Dairy NZ, Hamilton, NZ

Montana - Extension Programming

2016- Taught 49.75 credit hours of Extension programming, directly reaching over 1300 producers via face-to-face programming.

2016- Leader and organizer of the 2016 Pasture Management Workshop Series. Locations in Flathead, Yellowstone, and Blaine Counties.

2016- Co-organizer of the 2016 Montana State Ag Extension Conference. Bozeman, MT. October, 2016.

2016- Co-organizer of the 2016 Montana State Ag Agent Update. Bozeman, MT. May 2016.

2016- Co-organizer of the 2016 Crop and Pest Management School. Bozeman, MT. January, 2016.

Montana - Grants

2016- Little Shell Enterprises, Inc. “Evaluating hay feeding methods on heifer performance, hay waste, and economics”. Collaborator. $7,865.

2016- Forage Genetics, Inc. “The effects of feeding reduced-lignin alfalfa on growing beef cattle performance”. Principle Investigator. $31,755.

Oregon - Grants

Oregon Beef Council $10,000 for Organic Alfalfa Fertility Trials (18 and 12 treatments) 2012-2015

Oregon Dairy Farmers Association $11,800 for two Organic Alfalfa  Fertility Trials (18 and 12 treatments) 2012-2015

McGinnis Ranch $8,000 for Nitrogen Rate Effect on Grass Hay and Utilizing Greenseeker to determine N Sufficiency. 2015-2016.  Co-PI with Tracy Wilson.

Oregon - Extension Programming

Central Oregon Forage Seminar January 27, 2016 (80 in attendance and focus was on irrigation management and even more so on converting to LESA and LEPA pivots).

Living On a Few Acres Expo in March 2016 (75 minute classes)

     Pasture and Grazing Management Class (12 in attendance)

     Hay Production Class (11 in attendance)

     Irrigation Management and Principles class  (14 in attendance)

Pasture and Grazing Management Class (3 hours) April 2016 working with Deschutes SWCD as kick off session along with Scott Duggan, C.O. Livestock Agent.  (17 in attendance)  Then we held 5 pasture field days in producer pastures from May to October with about 35 total in attendance.

Central Oregon Ag Newsletter (1500 circulation and goes out every other month) and C.O. Ag E-news (circulation 1250) goes out once every two weeks to producers in 3 central Oregon counties.  Articles on pasture and grazing, hay production and  management, and about other Ag related events.

Utah - Grants 

9/17/13-9/16/17. Co-P.I. USDA NIFA AFRI Plant Breeding for Agricultural Production Program. Increasing legume grazing for higher beef gain on pastures: an improved high-tannin birdsfoot trefoil cultivar with trans-regional potential. $402,500.

7/1/16-6/30/20. MacAdam Co-P.I. USDA NIFA AFRI Agroecosystem Management Program. Tannin-containing legumes in pasturelands and their ecological services. $500,000.

1/1/16-12/31/18. MacAdam Co-P.I. USDA NIFA AFRI Climate and Microbial Processes in Agroecosystems program. Microbial carbon-use efficiency in agroecosystems: The effect of drought and N availability on soil microbial production and respiration. $750,000.

1/1/16-12/31/17. MacAdam Co-P.I. USDA NIFA AFRI Food Security Program. Legume-finished beef: Maintaining current production with greater environmental, economic and social sustainability. $150,000.

Utah - New Equipment

A new spectrophotometer with the capacity to accurately read absorbances as high as 8 was acquired from internal Utah State University funding. This will increase the accuracy of tannin assays and reduce disposables and chemical waste and exposure, because 1. Assays will not need to be diluted, based on very small samples, or processed in high volumes of assay solution, and 2. A sipper attachment will eliminate the use of cuvettes and minimize exposure to volatiles.

Wyoming - Grants

USDA-NIFA Alfalfa and Forage Research Program. 2016-2019, $250,000

Islam, M.A., Burmmer, J., and Min, D. The silent decline in soil potassium levels and its effect on alfalfa productivity in the central and western US.

UW School of Energy Resources. 2016-2019, $242,000

Stahl, P.D., Coupal, R.H., Islam, M.A., McLaughlin, J.F., and Norton, J.B. Use of coal residues as soil amendments.

UW AES Global Perspectives Grant. 2016, $4,000

Islam, M.A. Identification and evaluation of germplasm for development of improved forage cultivars.

UW CES Internal Grant. 2015-2016, $2,197

Islam, M.A. Request for funds for replacing outdated computer, and portable projector, portable projection screen, and portable mike system.

Wyoming - Extension Programming

Wyoming Forage Field Day, June 14, 2016. Sheridan Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, WY. Attendance: 95.

Colorado

Villalobos, L., and J.E. Brummer. 2016. Cool-Season Annual Forages and Mixtures to Extend the Grazing Season into the Fall. Abstract No. 113-1, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, http://scisoc.confex.com/crops/2016am/webprogram/Paper99402.html.

Brummer, J. E., J.W. MacAdam, G. Shewmaker, and M.A. Islam. 2016. Establishing Birdsfoot Trefoil in the Mountain West. Utah State Univ. Ext. Fact Sheet AG/Forages/2016-02pr. Logan, UT. 9 pp.

Idaho

Proceeding:

Shewmaker, G.E., M. Bohle, and S. Fransen.  2016.  Pasture and grazing management extension programming in Northwestern USA. p. 544-545 In A. Iwaasa, H.A. Lardner, M. Schellenberg, W. Willms, and K. Larson (eds.) USB drive, Proceedings 10th Int. Rangeland Congress, 17-25 July 2016, Saskatoon, Canada.

Abstract:

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2016. Forages and Grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Abstract for American Forage and Grassland Council Annual Meeting 10-13 Jan. 2016, Baton Rouge, LA.

Montana

Refereed Publications:

Miller, P.R., E.C. Glunk, J.A. Holmes, R.E. Engel. 2016. Barley vs. spring and winter pea forage crop yield and quality, and effect on subsequent wheat in southwestern Montana. Agron. Journ. Submitted.

Staudenmeyer, D.M., D. Fuga, E.C. Glunk. 2016. Preference and forage quality of 13 cultivars of forage barley and 2 cultivars of oats when grazed by sheep. Am. J. Exp. Agric. Submitted.

Sapkota, A., D.M. Staudenmeyer, R.N. Stougaard, E.C. Glunk, J.A. Torrion. 2016. Optimizing Boron maintenance fertilizer for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Montana. MSU College of Agriculture and Extension Research Report. Vol 2.

Williams, A.R., D.M. Staudenmeyer, R.L. Endecott, E.C. Glunk. 2016. Evaluating the use of BMR corn as an acceptable forage source for grazing cattle. MSU College of Agriculture and Extension Research Report. Vol 2.

Wichman, D., E.C. Glunk. 2016. Nine year dry matter production of 39 grass entries in Central Montana. MSU College of Agriculture and Extension Research Report. Vol 2.

Nix, E.E., D.L Ragen, J.G.P. Bowman, R.W. Kott, M.K. Petersen, A.W. Lenssen, P.G. Hatfield, E.C. Glunk. 2016. Forage intake and wastage by ewes in pea/hay barley swath grazing and bale feeding systems. Am. J. Exp. Agric. Volume 12, No. 3:1-6.

Abstracts:

Sapkota, A. J.A. Torrion. R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Staudenmeyer, E.C. Glunk. Optimizing Boron maintenance fertilization for alfalfa. North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference. Madison, WI. July 2016.

Williams, A., R.L. Endecott, E.C. Glunk. 2016. Evaluating the use of BMR corn as an acceptable forage source for grazing cattle. Montana State University Undergraduate Scholars Program Symposium.

Extension Publications:

Glunk, E.C., M. Van Emon, R. Malisani. “Collecting a Feed or Forage Sample for Analysis”. Montana State University Extension MontGuide. MT201610HR. June 2016.

Van Emon, M., E.C. Glunk, C. Buck. “Forage Analysis Interpretation”. MT201609HR. June 2016.

Utah

Catanese, F., R. Distel, and J. Villalba. 2015. Expression of conditioned preference for low-quality food in sheep is modulated by foraging cost. Animal 9: 1045-1052.

Grabber, J.H., W.K. Coblentz, H. Riday, T.C. Griggs, D.H. Min, J.W. MacAdam, and K. A. Cassida. 2015. Protein and dry matter degradability of European- and Mediterranean-derived birdsfoot trefoil cultivars grown in the colder continental USA. Crop Science 55: 1356-1364.

Gregorini, P., J. Villalba, F.D. Provenza, P.C. Beukes, and M. Forbes. 2015. Modelling preference and diet selection patterns by grazing ruminants: A development in a mechanistic model of a grazing dairy cow, MINDY. Animal Production Science 55: 360-375.

Jensen, K.B., D. Singh, B.S. Bushman, and J.G. Robins. 2015. Registration of Arsenal meadow bromegrass. Journal of Plant Registrations 9: 304-310.

Jones, T.A., T.A. Monaco, and C.W. Rigby. 2015. The potential of novel native plant materials for the restoration of novel ecosystems. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 3: 000047.

Leffler, A.J., J.J. James, T.A. Monaco, and R.L. Sheley. 2015. A new perspective on trait differences between native and invasive exotic plants: reply to critique. Ecology. 96:1152-1153.

Li, X., B. Alarcon-Zuniga, J. Kang, M. Tahir, Q. Jiang, Y. Wei, R. Reyno, J.G. Robins, and E. Brummer. 2015. Mapping fall dormancy and winter injury in tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Crop Science 55: 1-17.

MacAdam, J.W., and S.R. Hunt. 2015. Using a rising plate meter to determine paddock size for rotational grazing. AG/Forages/2015/01pr. Utah State University Cooperative Extension Service, Logan. http://extension.usu.edu/htm/publications/publication=15793&custom=1.

MacAdam, J.W., and J.J. Villalba. 2015. Beneficial effects of temperate forage legumes that contain condensed tannins. Agriculture 5: 475-491.

Pearson, C.H., S.R. Larson, C.M. Keske, and K.B. Jensen. 2015. Native grasses for biomass production at high elevations, pp. 101-132 In Cruz, V.M.Z., and D.A. Dierig (ed.) Industrial Crops Breeding for Bioenergy and Bioproducts. New York: Springer.

Robins, J.G., B.S. Bushman, S. Escribano, and K.B. Jensen. 2015. Heterosis for protein, digestibility, fiber, and water soluble carbohydrates in nine sources of orchardgrass germplasm. Euphytica 204: 503-511.

Russell, J., and D. Feuz. 2015. The optimal cow size for Intermountain cow-calf operations AG/Applied Economics/2015-01pr. Utah State University Cooperative Extension Service, Logan. http://extension.usu.edu/htm/publications/publication=15766&custom=1

Saunders, C.S., S.Y. Yang, J.S. Eun, D. Feuz, and D. Zobell. 2015. Feeding brown midrib corn silage-based diet to growing beef steers improves growth performance and economic returns. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 95: 625-631.

Villalba, J., F.D. Provenza, F. Catanese, and R. Distel. 2015. Understanding and manipulating diet choice in grazing animals. Animal Production Science 55: 261-271.

Villalba, J., R. Cabassu, and S. Gunter. 2015. Forage choice in pasturelands: Influence on cattle foraging behavior and production. Journal of Animal Science 93: 1729-1740.

Wang, R., S.R. Larson, K.B. Jensen, B.S. Bushman, L.R. Dehaan, S. Wang, and X. Yan. 2015. Genome evolution of intermediate wheatgrass as revealed by EST-SSR markers developed from its three progenitor diploid species. Genome 58: 63-70.

Yun, L., S.R. Larson, K.B. Jensen, J.E. Staub, and P.R. Grossl. 2015. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes associated with trace element concentrations in perennial grasses grown on phytotoxic soil contaminated with heavy metals. Plant and Soil 396: 277-296.

Zhu, L., D.A. Johnson, W. Wang, L. Ma, and Y. Rong. 2015. Grazing effects on carbon fluxes in a northern China grassland. Journal of Arid Environments 114: 41-48.

Wyoming

Journal:

Adjesiwor, A.T., Islam, M.A., Zheljazkov, V.D., Ritten, J.P., and Garcia y Garcia, A. Grass-legume seed mass ratios and nitrogen rates influence forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability. Crop Science (in press).

Islam, M.A., Obour, A.K., Rule, D., Bandara, M., and Acharya, S. Forage and seed production potential, nutritive value, and fatty acid profile of fenugreek. Crop Science (in press).

Adjesiwor, A.T. and Islam, M.A. 2016. Rising nitrogen fertilizer prices and projected increase in maize ethanol production: the future of forage production and the potential of legumes in forage production systems. Grassland Science 62:203-212. doi: 10.1111/grs.12130.

Tracy, B.F., Albrecht, K., Flores, J., Hall, M., Islam, M.A., Jones G., Lamp, W., MacAdam, J.W., Skinner, H., and Teutsch, C. 2016. Evaluation of alfalfa-tall fescue mixtures across multiple environments. Crop Science 56:2026-2034. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.09.0553.

Sintim, H.Y., Adjesiwor, A.T., Zheljazkov, V.D., Islam, M.A., and Obour, A.K. 2016. Nitrogen application in sainfoin under rain-fed conditions in Wyoming: Productivity and cost implications. Agronomy Journal 108:294–300. doi: 10.2134/agronj2015.0317.

Book Chapter (Refereed):

Islam, M.A. and Adjesiwor, A.T. 2016. Forage Crops and Their Photosynthesis. In: Handbook of Photosynthesis, 3rd Edition (M. Pessarakli, Ed.), pp. 523-531. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Company, Florida.

Reviewed Proceedings:

Islam, M.A. 2016. Legume Adoption Practices in the Central Great Plains of USA and Their Benefits in the Face of Climate Change. Proceedings of the International Conference on Envisioning Our Common Future December 22-23, 2016 Dhaka University, Bangladesh.

Islam, M.A. 2016. Plant Diversity for Resilient Production and Environmental Benefits in the Changing World. Proceedings of the International Conference on Changing the World through Japan’s Scientific Endeavors “Japan’s Rapidly Aging Society” November 12, 2016 Harvard University, Boston, MA (Japan-US Science Forum in Boston).

Islam, M.A. 2016. Managing Plant Diversity for Resilient Forage Systems and Environmental Benefits in the Mountain West. Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings November 7-9, 2016 Phoenix, AZ (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America).

Nilahyane, A., Islam, M.A., Garcia y Garcia, A., and Mesbah, A.O. 2016. Corn for silage response to water in a semi-arid environment. Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual Meetings July 17-20, 2016. Orlando, FL.

Extension Bulletins/Papers (Refereed) and Educational Materials/Factsheets including Newspaper Articles:

Islam, M.A. 2016. Silage: Production and Feeding – Part V. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, December 17, 2016.

Islam, M.A. 2016. Silage: Production and Feeding – Part IV. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, October 22, 2016.

Brummer, J.E., MacAdam, J.W., Shewmaker, G., and Islam, M.A., 2016. Establishing Birdsfoot Trefoil in the Mountain West. 2016. Bulletin 1 AG/Forages/2016-02pr, Utah State University Extension Publications at DigitalCommons@USU, pp. 1-9, September 2016. Paper 1585. Available at: http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/extension_curall/1585/ (verified January 23, 2017)

Sarkar, S. and Islam, M.A. 2016. Response of bird’s-foot trefoil cultivars to producer’s field. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 169-170. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Horn, B.E., Islam, M.A., Smith, D., Jeliazkov, V., and Garcia y Garcia, A. 2016. Perennial cool-season grasses for hay production and fall grazing under full and limited irrigation. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 149-150. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Ashilenje, D.S. and Islam, M.A. 2016. Evaluation of forage productivity and environmental benefits of meadow bromegrass in various mixtures with popular legumes under irrigation. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 143-144. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Sarkar, S. and Islam, M.A. 2016. Bird’s-foot trefoil response to planting method and harvesting frequency. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 113-114. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Baskota, S. and Islam, M.A. 2016. Evaluation of quinoa and fenugreek in Wyoming conditions. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 97-98. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Nilahyane, A., Islam, M.A., and Garcia y Garcia, A. 2016. Quality response of irrigated silage corn under on-surface and sub-surface drip irrigation systems. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 67-68. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Nilahyane, A., Islam, M.A., and Garcia y Garcia, A. 2016. Effect of irrigation on physiological traits of corn for silage grown under on-surface drip-irrigation system. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 65-66. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Ashilenje, D.S., Islam, M.A. 2016. Alfalfa growth forms, light capture, and nitrogen fixation interact to influence durability of legume in meadow bromegrass mixtures. 2016 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 27-28. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2016-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified January 23, 2017).

Islam, M.A. 2016. Silage: Production and Feeding – Part III. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, August 26, 2016.

Islam, M.A. 2016. Silage: Production and Feeding – Part II. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, June 24, 2016.

Islam, M.A. 2016. Silage: Alsike Clover: A High Quality Forage Legume for High Elevations. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, April 23, 2016.

Islam, M.A. 2016. Forage Variety Selection and Stand Establishment. Factsheet, Master Hay Grower, Cokeville, WY, March 3, 2016.

Islam, M.A. 2016. The Agronomy in Alfalfa. Factsheet, Alfalfa U – Loveland CO, High Plains Journal, Loveland, CO, February 25, 2016.

Islam, M.A. 2016. Silage: Production and Feeding – Part I. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, February 20, 2016.