Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

August 19^th

7:30 am – 4:00 pm Drs. Duarte Diaz, John Gaughan, and Lindsey Hulbert toured three Arizona dairies to observe dairy technologies for managing cattle in the Southwest, which included rotational dairy parlors, nutrition-feed strategies, group-housed calf facilities, and two types of evaporative cooling systems. 7:00-8:00 pm Dinner at the Union House, including Drs. Bob Collier, Duarte Diaz, John Gaughan, Lindsey Hulbert, Frank Blecha and wife, Bret Olsen, Dusty Yates.

 August 20^th

Met at 7:45 am in the lobby of hotel and walked to the 8:00 ARC. 8:05 Kifle Gebremedhin presented via conference call. Heat loss from udder (eye and udder are hottest), models, cooling temperatures, respiration rate automated device under field conditions and enhance sweating in cattle. 8:25 Bob Godfrey presented report on hot iron branding and cortisol concentrations for intern projects, included chute score, pen score, flight distance during HAT. Also, he reported research in grazing behaviors using GPS and body temperature monitors in sheep. 9:00 Cassandra Tucker reported her findings in refining methodology for assessing aspects of heat stress, which included sampling times, and best timing for heat abatement technologies. She also reported the evaluation of cows and specific skin temperature sensors (tape i-button to sections of skin), chloride infused paper as a measure of evaporation (how quickly it can dry). 9:40-10:00 Break. 10:00 John Gaughan reported ruminant inflammation and metabolism during heat stress in ruminants. He looked at CBC, Biochemistry, endotoxin excretion. Heat load index (HLI) in natural condition (Nebraska and Australia collaboration). 10:30 Dusty Yates presented physiological, molecular, and whole animal evaluation of the impact of stress on animal well-being. He also set up his research program by renovating controlled climate chambers. Also, he reported some of the upcoming work in beta-agonist products, genetics and heat stress.11:00 Heather Bradford Genetics and heat stress in cattle using weather station collection and look at performance prior to the heat stress event. 11:25 Introduction of Sean Limesand, new director of Agricultural Research Complex (ARC) at the University of Arizona. 11:30 Administrative meeting. Bill Payne: Discussion of AFRI funding report. We voted on using the K-state online organizational page. We also discussed challenges with getting members to sign-up for our Appendix E for the W3173 project. Voted for new officers for W3173 annual meeting (2016-2017): Chair: Lindsey Hulbert; Secretary: Duarte Diaz. Voted for first W3173 annual meeting location (2016-2017): Puerto Rico. The timing/date will be either May or August and entire group will use doodle poll to decide. We also voted to use a template for station reports. 12:00 Lunch. 1:00 Lindsey Hulbert report on published review paper in stress, management in calves, probiotics and commingling, weaning and plane of nutrition, and automated measures of activity. 1:15 Kent Eskridge report on cattle tympanic temperature, air temperature, and chaos theory models, ellipse fitting, and lag-measures. 1:30 Bob Collier Omnigen Nutritional Immune Modulator and found that also altered HPA axis, they had more cortisol secretion. Arginase-vasopressin, CRH and ACTH challenge under heat stress or thermal neutral conditions. 2:00 John Gaughan presented work on heat stress regulation in Koalas. Koalas were surgically implanted with temperature monitors. Trees are used to either forage or rest. Smooth bark for cooling. 2:20 Duarte Diaz presented introduction to his work in Mycotoxins and how they influence heat stress physiology. 2:30 Bret Olsen presented work on metabolic rate and grazing among cattle in Montana winter. 3:00 Discussion of travel arrangements for restaurant and flying home. 3:15 Tour of Agricultural Research Complex (ARC). 4:20 Concluded meeting. 7:00 pm Dinner as a group.

Accomplishments

Accomplishments and Impacts: Note that the principal participants are indicated in relation to the state accomplishment and subsequent impact. However, in almost all cases these are multistate collaborative projects and involve one or more W-2173 participants. This is reflected in the List of Publications section that follows.

1. PI-Terry Engle, Colorado State University; Objective No(s)- 1,3; Species- Beef Cattle

 Trace minerals are involved in growth, reproduction, immunity, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in beef cattle. A key component to mineral absorption by an animal is solubilization of a given element within the digestive tract. Factors that influence solubilization can alter the availability of trace minerals. During rumen fermentation several mineral antagonist can be produced that can reduce solubilization and absorption of trace minerals ultimately impacting overall animal health. We have been successful at developing a dialysis method for determining the concentration of minerals contained within the insoluble fraction of ruminal digesta that can be released for absorption. We have investigated the influence of known mineral antagonists in drinking water on feedlot cattle health, mineral status, and performance.

2. PI-Ted Friend, Texas A&M University; Objective No(s)- 3; Species- Cattle

 There have been estimates of thousands of calves in plastic hutches dying during summer heat waves in the Midwest. Previous research found reflective hutch covers reduced hutch ceiling, air and black globe temperatures during hot weather, but the biological significance was conjectural. This study was conducted from June to August, 2015, on a large farm near Stanfield, AZ that used Agriplastic hutches with the backs elevated on cinder blocks. Covers were 3.0 mil aluminized white LDPE (aluminized on the external side, absorptivity in solar range16.3%) overlaying the top and sides. Internal hutch temperature of the reflective covered hutches was 2.16 ºC cooler (P < 0.05) than control hutches during the hottest 4-h portion of the day. Respiration rates were lower (P < 0.01) for reflectively housed calves and fewer (P < 0.05) calves were treated for ear infections than control calves. When transitioning to group pens (3 - 4 months of age) fewer (P < 0.01) calves that had been housed in reflective hutches were treated for pneumonia than control calves. There was also a trend (P > 0.14) for reflective covers to improve weight gain.   In a related study, the NASA Johnson Space Center, Thermal Design Branch, Houston, collaborated on testing of materials and modeling. NASA found a high absorptivity (83.8%) of solar radiation for a commonly used hutch, which documents the potential for hutches to heat up in sunshine. They also estimated that a bare hutch absorbed 1,959 Btu/h/m2 while the aluminized white LDPE absorbed 893 Btu/h/m2 at its surface, indicating its potential to reduce solar heating of the hutch. The black side of aluminized black LDPE absorbed 5,037 Btu/h/m2 indicating the potential of a winter version that has the aluminized side toward the calf, to warm hutches during sunny days in the winter. The high reflectivity of the aluminized side in the infrared range (91%) indicates radiant heat loss from the hutch and calf will also be reduced during cold nights.

3. PI- Ignacy Miztal (report by H.L. Bradford ); University of Georgia; Objective No(s)- 2,3; Species- Cattle

 Research has been focused on quantifying heat stress in beef and swine species and developing genetic evaluations to select more environmentally robust animals. In swine, heat stress was shown to affect crossbred but not purebred animals because purebreds had better housing and environmental conditions. Genetic evaluations were developed to select more heat tolerant purebred boars to be used for crossbred production. In beef cattle, producers manage calving seasons to best match cattle needs with the environmental conditions. Within the South, weaning weight had genetic variation for heat tolerance and could be used for selection to improve adaptability.

4. PI- Robert Godfrey; University of the Virgin Islands; Objective No(s)- 1,2,3; Species- Cattle Other Stations involved- University of Tennessee, Texas A&M – Kingsville

 This project was conducted to evaluate the impact of hot iron branding on stress in yearling Senepol cattle. Stress was evaluated using peripheral cortisol concentrations and behavior/temperament evaluations measured before and after branding. All temperament scores were low, which agrees with previous reports. There was no response of Pen Score or Flight Distance to branding. Exit Velocity increased in Week 2 after branding but the response to branding was short lived because Pen Score 2 in Week 2 was not increased. Cortisol values pending.

5. PI-Henry G. Kattesh; University of Tennessee; Objective No(s)- 1; Species- Swine; Other Stations involved-: USDA-ARS TX

 A second experiment was conducted examining the effects of feeding a 1 versus 0% protected fish oil (PFO) supplemented diet to sows on growth, markers of acute inflammation and stress in their offspring (16 piglets/treatment group) on d 0 (day of weaning) and d 1 and 3 post-weaning. Piglets from sows supplemented with the 1% PFO diet had greater gains in weight and lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio in the plasma when compared to piglets on the control diet post-weaning. There was an overall treatment effect on plasma total cortisol, observed by lower concentrations in pigs on the 1% PFO diet. Plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) concentrations were not different between treatment groups but were lower on d 1 and 3 when compared to d 0. The calculated free cortisol index (cortisol/CBG) of pigs on the 1% diet was lower on d 1 and 3 when compared to the controls. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured following an ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of monocytes and neutrophils in whole blood collected on d 0 and 1. Pigs on the 1% PFO diet tended to have a lower mean concentration of TNF-α in response to LPS when compared with that of the controls.

6. PI-Bret Olson; Montana State University; Objective No(s)- 1,3; Species- Cattle

 We have two objectives; we will quantify seasonal changes in heart rate (HR) and metabolic rate (MR) of beef cattle, and we will determine to what extent cattle grazing native rangeland (with a protein supplement 3X per week) during winter lower their HRs and MRs compared with those fed hay. Results from a related pilot study were presented at two scientific conferences.

7. PI-Cassandra Tucker; University of California-Davis; Objective No(s)-: 3; Species- Cattle; Other Stations involved- AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand

 Spraying dairy cattle with water provides physiological cooling benefits. However, work is needed to determine appropriate spraying strategies (e.g., time on and off) to improve the efficiency of heat loss and water use. (1) We tested the effects of a single spray application (varying in length) on evaporation time, the surrounding air temperature, and physiological responses to heat load in 15 cows. (2) We tested the effects of 4 different spray strategies (varying in frequency and paired by quantity of water used) applied during 45 min on the physiological responses to heat load in 20 cows.

8. PI-Scott T. Willard; Mississippi State University; Objective No(s)-1,3 ; Species- Cattle, small ruminants, aquatic production systems; Other Stations involved-TAMU, USVI, USDA-ARS

 As part of Mississippi’s contribution to this project, we are assessing temperament scoring methods and applications of non-invasive monitoring technologies, such infrared thermal imaging, within the production-management environment to determine how these new tools may be used to evaluate livestock welfare; and possibly elucidation of external impacts on performance metrics. In addition, we are using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for both in-situ and ex-situ studies of animal physiology, nutrition and health; specifically to address questions about animal behavior, demography, reproduction, and disease. 1) We have characterized uterine artery blood flow throughout late gestation in Holstein heifers as a way to advance the study of stress and environment on uteroplacental physiology. 2) we have establish commercial partnerships that will allow us to evaluate thermal imaging in working broiler houses as a tool for monitoring environmental housing and thermal bird responses. 3) We have employed NIR to ask basic questions about animal physiology and health across several taxa and species, and are implementing this biophotonic/spectragraphic methodology for non-invasive, non-destructive real-time analysis of otherwise ill-defined traits.

9. PI-Dustin Yates, Kent Eskridge; University of Nebraska AES; Objective No(s)- 1,3 ; Species- Cattle, Sheep; Other Stations involved- USDA-ARS

 A study was initiated that is intended to refine our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which livestock respond to heat stress and Beta adrenergic agonist supplementation. This work will contribute to our long-term objective of producing rigorous data providing for the development of management strategies (genetic selection, nutritional supplementation, pharmaceutical therapies) to increase the efficiency of livestock production and ensure animal wellbeing by mitigating stress. A second study at the stations assessed animal adaption to heat stress, which may be characterized by morning and afternoon lags of animal temperature to air temperature, where a well-adapted animal will have a long morning lag and a short afternoon lag. The study will be conducted in feedlot livestock, with the first study in sheep and the second study in full-breed Angus and F1 Angus x Brahman cattle. Aims 1 and 2 will contribute to Multistate Objective 1 by characterizing fine-scale, physiological/molecular and whole-animal indicators of stress due to heat and BAAs. Aim 3 will contribute to Multistate Objective 2 by assessing the genomic response of the animals to heat and AA supplementation while also examining how the animals genetic background impacts the outcome. In the second study, a piecewise regression method was developed to estimate and test morning and afternoon lags, and a cluster analysis method, was developed to categorize animals into four levels of heat stress as a possible management tool.

10. PI-Robert J. Collier; University of Arizona; Objective No(s)- 1 ; Species- Cattle; Other Stations involved-USDA-ARS

 We evaluated impact of heat stress and an immune modulator on adrenal axis response to ACTH and CRH, VIP challenge. This study demonstrated that the immune modulator Omnigen-AF altered adrenal response to thermal stress, ACTH and CRF-Vasopressin.

11. PI-Chin Nyean (C.N.) Lee; University of Hawai‘i – Manoa, Honolulu, HI, Objective No(s)- 2,3 ; Species-  Cattle, small ruminants; Other Stations involved- USDA-ARS

 We worked on objective 3 in the development of management strategies and/or tools to enhance farm animal well-being under conditions of climatic change or other stressful environments. This objective was achieved by evaluation of nutrient components in drought tolerant forages for ruminants. For the past 13 years, the islands of Maui and Hawaii were faced with drought which affected the forage supply for cattle, goats and sheep in these counties. The Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company had embarked on a biofuel project and invited us to select their sugarcane crosses that have the potential to be forage for ruminants. We selected 74 varieties from over 30,000 possibilities. The selected forages were planted in single plot of 0.6m x 3.05m. The plots were drip irrigated. Three harvests were made during the winter period (Oct. – March) and three harvests were made during the summer period (May – August). Interval between each harvest were 6 weeks. Plants were harvested in three times, 0830 h, 1230 h and 1500 h. The data showed the highest feed value when forages were harvest at 1500h vs 1230 h. The A.M. harvest provided the lowest feed value. The energy levels of the forages were highest in the afternoon. The data indirectly addressed the reason why animals were observed leaving the shade in the hot afternoon to graze. The ADF and NDF were lowest at this time while the NFC were highest.

12. PI-Jeffrey Firman; University of Missouri; Objective No(s)- 1,2 ; Species- Poultry; Other Stations involved- USDA-ARS

 Reduced nocturnal temperature has been shown to reduce energy usage in pigs without affecting performance. Similar responses in poultry have not been researched. The objective of these studies will be to determine if reducing nocturnal temperature can be used without detrimental effects on performance. This project is just getting started and a graduate student has been recruited.

13. PI-Lindsey E. Hulbert, Luis Mendonca; Kansas State University; Objective No(s)- 1,2 ; Species- Cattle; Other Stations involved- CA, TX

 Our projects address heat stress abatement methods for dairy cattle, hematological markers of stress and health, as well as management practices, such as weaning commingling. We completed our work feeding prebiotics to dairy calves after weaning and during commingling. One of the prebiotic formulas increased the adaptive immune response (IgA production) to an innocuous protein (ovalbumin) and modified the neutrophil’s oxidative response to heat-killed bacteria. Both prebiotic formulas influenced feed intake within a pen of three and some performance measures after commingling. We also completed research projects which were conducted in commercial farms comparing THI obtained from weather station, vaginal temperature, THI from a logger fastened to the cow and THI at the pen level. In addition lactation and reproductive performance data were collected. Temperature-humidity index at the cow-level was correlated with THI at the pen-level and THI from the nearest official meteorological station to the dairy. Despite the correlations, cow-level THI were 6.8 and 19.2 units greater than pen-level and station-level THI,, respectively. Weather data obtained from farm-level are more accurate than information collected from an official meteorological station to assess the intensity of heat stress conditions. Nonetheless, it is important to note that pen-level THI underestimates the index at the cow-level. This difference is likely to occur because of microclimates within the pen.

Publications/Theses/Dissertations

Binion, W. R., T. H. Friend. 2015. Modeling the effect of reflective calf hutch covers on reducing heat loss. Int. J. Biometeorol. 59, 1939-1941.

Bradford, H. L., B. O. Fragomeni, J. K. Bertrand, D. A. L. Lourenco, and I. Misztal. 2016. Genetic evaluations for growth heat tolerance in Angus cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94, 4143-4150.

Brockus, K. E., C. G. Hart, B. O. Fleming, T. Smith, S. H. Ward, and C. O. Lemley. 2016. Effects of supplementing Holstein heifers with dietary melatonin during late gestation on growth and cardiovascular measurements of their offspring. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 51:240-247.

Brockus, K. E., C. G. Hart, C. L. Gilfeather, B. O. Fleming, and C. O. Lemley. 2016. Dietary melatonin alters uterine artery hemodynamics in pregnant Holstein heifers. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 55:1-10.

Buntyn JO, Burdick Sanchez NC, Schmidt TB, Erickson GE, Sieren SE, Jones SJ, Carroll JA. 2016. The metabolic, stress axis, and hematology response of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplemented beef heifers when exposed to a dual corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge. J Anim Sci. 94:2798-810.

C.N. Lee, G. K. Fukumoto, M.S. Thorne, M.H. Stevenson, Y.s. Kim, M. Nakahata and R. Ogoshi. 2015. Sugarcane crosses as potential forages for ruminants: Nutrient compositions were influenced by season and time of harvest. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/PRM-8.pdf

Campistol, C, H. G. Kattesh, J. C. Waller, E. L. Rawls, J. D. Arthington, J. A. Carroll, G. M.       Pighetti, and A. M. Saxton. 2016. Effects of pre-weaning feed supplementation and total versus fenceline weaning on the physiology and performance of beef steers. Int. J. Livest. Prod. 7(8):48-54.                                                                                                                        

Carroll, J.A., N.C. Burdick, L.E. Hulbert, M.A. Ballou, J.W. Dailey, L.C. Caldwell, R.C. Vann, T.H. Welsh, Jr., R.D. Randel. 2015. Sexually dimorphic innate immunological responses of pre-pubertal Brahman cattle following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 166:108-115.

Chen, J. M. Cooling dairy cows efficiently with sprinklers: Behavioral, physiological, and production responses to water spray. University of California, Davis, CA. (Dissertation).

Chen, J. M., Schütz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. 2016. Cooling cows efficiently with water spray: Behavioral, physiological, and production responses to sprinklers at the feed bunk. J. Dairy Sci. 99:4607-4618.

Chen, J. M., Schütz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. 2016. Sprinkler flow rate affects dairy cattle avoidance of spray to the head, but not overall, in an aversion race. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 179:23-31.

Chen, J. M., Schütz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. 2016. Sprinkler flow rate affects dairy cattle preferences, heat load, and insect-deterrence behavior. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 182:1-8.

Collier, R.J. and K.G. Gebremedhin. 2015. Thermal Biology of Domestic Animals. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 3:10.1–10.20.

Dunshea, L.W. F.R., J.D. Allen, S. Rungruang, J.L. Collier, N.M. Long and R.J. Collier 2015. Evaluation of dietary betaine (BET) in lactating Holstein cows subjected to heat stress (HS). J. Dairy Sci. (accepted).

Fragomeni. B. O. 2015. Genetics of heat stress in pigs with focus on genomic evaluations using large number of genotyped animals (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/fragomeni_breno_d_201512_phd.pdf

Gilfeather, C. L. and C. O. Lemley. 2016. Effects of interferon-tau and steroids on cytochrome P450 activity in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 51:415-420.

Haberman, J. A. 2015. Biological effects of hutch covers in reducing heat and cold stress in individually housed dairy calves. M.S. Thesis, Texas A&M University.

Hulbert, L.E. and S.J. Moisá. 2016. Stress, immunity and the management of calves. 2016. J. Dairy Sci. 99:1-18.

Hulbert., L., S. Trombetta, J. Noel, S. Moisá, S. Montgomery, G. Hanzlicek, and B. Bradford. 2015. Effects of milk, pasteurized milk, and milk replacer on health and productivity of dairy calves. Dairy Research Report of Progress 1111 K-state Research and Extension: 1-8.

Lockwood, S. A., H. G. Kattesh, P. D. Krawczel, F. D. Kirkpatrick, A. M. Saxton, J. D. Rhinehart, and J. B. Wilkerson. 2015. Relationships among temperament, behavior, and growth during performance testing of bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 93:5856-62.

McAfee, J. M. 2016. Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation to lactating sows on growth and indicators of stress in the post-weaned pig. University of Tennessee. Thesis.

Neuhold, K. L., J. J. Wagner, E. Caldera, K. . Sellins, J. S. Schutz, and T. E. Engle. 2016. Influence of timing of growth implant administration on performance and health of newly weaned beef cattle. Prof. Anim. Sci, 32: 67-73.

O’Quinn, T. G., D. R. Woerner, T. E. Engle, P. L. Chapman, J. F. Legako, J. C. Borrks, K. E. Belk, and J. D. Tatum. 2016. Identifying consumer preferences for specific beef flavor characteristics in relation to cattle production and postmortem processing parameters. Meat Sci. 112:90-102.

Ortiz, X.A., J.F. Smith, F. Villar, L. Hall, J. Allen, A. Oddy, A. al-Haddad, P. Lyle and R.J. Collier. 2015. A comparison of 2 evaporative cooling systems on a commercial dairy farm in Saudi Arabia. J. Dairy Sci. 98:1-13.

Payne, C. 2015. The role of prebiotics in dairy calf performance, health, and immune function. K-State Master’s Thesis.

Putluru, R.K., Y.S. Kim and C.N. Lee. Differential expression of superoxide dismutase (SODs) in bovine corpus luteum during estrous cycle and pregnancy. Pacific Agriculture and Natural Resources 1:1-10. https://hilo.hawaii.edu/panr/writing.php?id=300

Rocha, L., L. Hulbert, F. Scorteganga, B. Voelz, and L. Mendonça. Milking time during periods of heat stress: Part of the solution or part of the problem? Dairy Research Report of Progress 1111 K-State Research and Extension: 15-21.

Schwandt, E, F. J. J. Wagner, T. E. Engle, S. J. Bartle, D. U. Thomson, and C. D. Reinhardt. 2016. The effects of dry-rolled corn particle size on performance, carcass traits, and starch digestibility in feedlot finishing diets containing wet distiller’s grains. J. Anim. Sci. 94.3: 1194-1202.

Smith, J.F., B.J. Bradford, J.P. Harner, J.C. Potts, J.D. Allen, M.W. Overton, X.A. Ortiz and R.J. Collier. 2015. Effect of cross ventilation with or without evaporative pads on core body temperature and resting time of lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 99: 1495–1500.

Spears, J. W. and T. E. Engle. 2016. Feed Ingredients: Feed Supplements: Microminerals. Reference module in Food Sci. 1:1-6  

Wagner, J. J, T. E. Engle, C. R. Belknap, and K. L. Dorton. 2016. Meta- analysis examining the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on feedlot performance and carcass traits. Prof. Anim. Sci. 32:172-182.

Wagner, J. J, T. E. Engle, C. R. Belknap, and K. L. Dorton. 2016. Meta- analysis examining the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on feedlot performance and carcass traits. Prof. Anim. Sci. 32(2), 172-182.

Yates DT, Cadaret CN, Beede KA, Riley HE, Macko AR, Anderson MJ, Camacho LE, Limesand SW. 2016. Intrauterine growth-restricted sheep fetuses exhibit smaller hindlimb muscle fibers and lower proportions of insulin-sensitive Type I fibers near term. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 310:R1020-9.

Abstracts/Presentations

Bradford, H. L. “Genetic evaluation for heat tolerance in Angus cattle.” Beef Improvement Federation Meeting, June 16, 2016. Extension.

Bradford, H. L., B. D. Fragomeni, D. Lourenco, and I. Misztal. 2016. Genetic evaluation for heat tolerance in growing Angus cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 5):166. (Abstr.) Scientific.

Caton, J. and Olson, B. 2016. Energetics of grazing cattle: Impacts of activity and climate. In: Proc. Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference. Park City, Utah. Scientific.

Chen, J. M., Schütz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. July, 2016. Heat load affects measures of aversion in dairy cows. 50th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. Edinburgh, UK.

Chen, J. M., Schütz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. May, 2016. Cooling dairy cows efficiently with water: Effects of soaker flow rate on behavior and body temperature. Dairy Cattle Welfare Symposium: Intersection of Best Practices and Sustainability. Columbus, OH.

Davis, B., T. Grandin, T. E. Engle, and J. Ransom. 2016. Evaluating the effectiveness of varying doses of supplemental tryptophan as a calmative in horses. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 94, E-Suppl.:376.

Engle, T. E., J. S. Caton, M. L. Galyean, L. O. Tedeschi, N. A. Cole, C. R. Krehbiel, G. E. Erickson, K. A. Beauchemin, R. P. Lemenager, and J. H. Eisemann. 2016. The eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: minerals, vitamins, and water. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 94, E-Suppl.:482.

Filho. 2016. Feeding and watering behavior of Nellore bulls fed with or without calcium, phosphorus and trace minerals supplemental sources. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 94, E-Suppl.:40.

Fragomeni, B. O. "Genetics of heat stress in purebred and crossbred pigs from different states using BLUP or ssGBLUP." 2016 Joint Annual Meeting. Asas, 2016. Scientific.

Friend, T. H. and L. Y. Carrillo. 2016. Reducing heat stress in calf hutches using reflective covers: Optical properties and implications. Joint Annual Meeting Abstracts, Salt Lake City, UT.

Garrett, K. C., D. A. Neuendorff, A. W. Lewis, S. T. Willard, R. D. Randel, T. H. Welsh, Jr. 2016. Influence of temperament on the cell-mediated immune response in Brahman heifers. ASAS Southern Section, San Antonio, TX; Feb 6 – 9, 2016. Journal of Animal Science, 94 (Supplement 1): 71 (Abstract 146).

Godfrey, R. W., J. Ruggiero, S. A. Lakos, S. A. Lockwood, and H. G. Kattesh. 2016.     Comparison of plasma and hair cortisol concentrations in hair sheep ewes and lambs in       response to weaning with or without fence line contact. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (E-Suppl. 1):35.

Godfrey, R.W., J. A. Ruggiero, S. A. Lakos, S. A. Lockwood and H. G. Kattesh. Comparison of plasma and hair cortisol concentrations in hair sheep ewes and lambs in response to weaning with or without fence line contact. 2016. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 94:35. doi:10.2527/ssasas2015-071

Haberman, J. A., T. H. Friend and T. Hairgrove. 2015. Reflective calf hutch covers improve antibody response and decrease panting, but not gain, during hot conditions. Joint Annual Meeting Abstracts, Orlando, FL.

Lee, C.N., T. Sy, A. Stokes and T. Richards. 2016. Physiological parameters of young cattle transported from Hawai‘i to US west coast during summer. 17th AAAP Animal Sc. Congress. Fukuoka, Japan. Aug. 22-25. Abstract #1884.

Littlejohn, B. P., D. G. Riley, T. H. Welsh, Jr., R. D. Randel, S. T. Willard, R. C. Vann. 2016. Heritability of temperament at weaning in a crossbred cattle population. ASAS Southern Section, San Antonio, TX; Feb 6 – 9, 2016. Journal of Animal Science, 94 (Supplement 1): 1 (Abstract 001).

Lockwood, S. A., H. G. Kattesh, J. D. Rhinehart, P. D. Krawczel, F. D. Kirkpatrick, L. G.           Strickland, J. B. Wilkerson, and A. M. Saxton. 2016. Relationships among temperament,       endocrinology, and reproductive soundness of performance tested Angus bulls. J. Anim. Sci.       94 (E-Suppl. 1):23.

Love, W.J. , T.W. Lehenbauer, B.M. Karle, L.E. Hulbert, Randy Anderson, A.L. Van Eenenaam, T.B. Farver, S.S. Aly. Survey of dairy practices associated with respiratory health of pre-weaned calves on California dairies. J. Dairy Sci.

McBride M.L., N. C. Burdick Sanchez, J. A. Carroll, P. R. Broadway, X. O. Ortiz, J. L. Collier, D. McLean, J. D. Chapman, H. G. Kattesh, and R. J. Collier. 2016. OmniGen-AF® reduces basal plasma cortisol as well as cortisol release to adrencocorticotropic hormone or corticotrophin releasing hormone and vasopressin in lactating dairy cows under thermoneutral or acute heat stress conditions. J. Dairy Sci. 99, E-Suppl. 1. P.531.

Mendonça, L.G.D. Reproductive Management of Lactating Dairy Cows under Stress Conditions during Summer Months. In: 5° Simposio Annual de los Ganaderos Asociados de Querétaro (Annual Symposium of the Association of Producers from Queretaro). 2015 Proceedings. August 05-07, Santiago de Querétaro, Queretaro – Mexico, pp. 35-50

Mendonça, L.G.D., and S.J. Moisá. Clinical Management of the Cow in the First 10 Days Postpartum. In: Conferencia de la Asociación de Medicos Veterinarios Zootecnistas – Especialistas en Bovinos de la Comarca Lagunera (Conference of the Association of Veterinarians and Animal Scientists Specialized in Cattle in the Laguna Region). 2014 Proceedings. November 05-07, Torreón, Coahuila – Mexico, pp. 40-51.

Olson, B. 2016. Do beef cattle metabolic rates track feeding level? In: Abstracts - Society for Range Management Annual Meeting. Corpus Christi, Texas. Scientific.

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