Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

 20 October (Comfort Suites Conference Room)

 07:30 Social and Poster viewing featuring Oregon and NW products

21 October (Comfort Suites Conference Room)

07:30-08:15 Coffee & Tea and Registration

8:30 Official OSU Welcome – Scott Reed: Vice Provost, University Outreach and Engagement

8:45 Group Introductions

9:00 Presentation Session 1  

Utah - Jennifer MacAdam

Montana - Emily Glunk

Nevada - Juan Solomon

10:00 Break and Informal Discussions

Colorado - Jennifer Cook

North Dakota - Chanda Engel and Guojie Wang

Wyoming - Anowar Islam

Washington - Steve Norberg

12:30 Presentation Session 2

Seed Companies  

Grassland Oregon – Jerry Hall (jerryhall@grasslandoregon.com)

Barenbrug – Peter Ballerstedt (pballerstedt@barusa.com)

DLF-Pickseed – Jerome Magnuson (jmagnuson@dlfna.com)

Ampac – Doug Toews (doug@ampacseed.com)

Pennington –  Mike Baker (mbaker@penningtonseed.com)

Consultants (10 minutes)

Woody Lane (woody@woodylane.com)

2:00 Transport to Kelly Engineering Building - OSU

2:15 PRISM Group briefing [Chris Daly and Mike Halbleib, PRISM Group (climate modeling and mapping, species suitability, biofuel potential); daly@nacse.org, halbleib@nacse.org]

3:30 Transfer to DLF-Pickseed Research Facility (Philomath)

3:45 Tour of DLF-Pickseed research facility in Philomath (Steve Reid, stever@dlfis.com and Jerome Magnuson, jeromem@dlfis.com)   

06:00 Reception DLF-Pickseed Research Farm, Pizza at Hotel

22 October (Barenbrug Headquarters and Research Farm)

7:30 Transport to Barenbrug facilities     

8:00 Welcome: James Schneider (CEO and President), Peter Ballerstedt (Forage Products Manager), Devesh Singh (Forage and Turf Breeder)

8:15 Tour of Barenbrug HQ Facilities: Jason Ragan (Warehouse Manager)

9:00 Transport to Research Farm

9:30 Break and Informal Discussions

10:00 Presentation Session 3 (15 minutes each person)

Oregon –

(1) Shelby Filley, Claudia Ingham, Troy Downing, Nicole Anderson

(2) Gene Pirelli, Dan Sullivan, Tracy Wilson, Mylen Bohle

1:15 Presentation Session 4  

Rich Roseberg, Scott Duggan, Leticia Varelas

2:00 Break and Informal Discussions:

2:15 Collaborative Projects Discussion Session  - (Mylen Bohle and David Hannaway)

Forage Quality Update (Peter Ballerstedt)

Forage Species & Cultivars Maturity Index – AFGC (Roeland Kapsenberg; DLF-Pickseed, Barenbrug, Grasslands Oregon, FFR, OSU, and CAAS participating)

Timothy Hay Production Guide (Steve Fransen)

Grazing Height / Yield Response (Steve Fransen & Joe Brummer)

NIFA Multi-state Alfalfa Research Projects

Alfalfa Management (Cow Calf Management Notebook - Glenn Shewmaker)

NIRS Consortium Update (Steve Fransen)

Species & Cultivars NW Ecozone Production Profiles (David Hannaway)

Online Educational Modules & Shortcourses (Certificates/Badges) (Hannaway)

International Forage & Grasslands Curriculum (Hannaway)

4:00 Break and Informal Discussions

4:15 Oregon Forage & Grassland Council briefing and discussion of “Forage Garden” ideas [Jerry Hall (jerryhall@grasslandoregon.com) to lead discussion]

5:15 Barenbrug Research Farm Tour/Briefing (Devesh Singh; dsingh@barusa.com)

6:00 BBQ and Informal Discussions at Barenbrug Research Farm

7:30 Return to hotel

23 October (Comfort Suites Conference Room)

8:00       Coffee & Tea, Sparkling Water, Beef Sticks, String Cheese Break

8:30       WERA 1014 Reporting and Discussion

10:00     Break and Informal Discussions

10:30     WERA 1014 Continued Discussion (including group projects)

11:30     Wrap-up and 2016 planning (location host and dates)

Colorado

A project was completed that looked at the feasibility of using brassicas for fall forage to extend the grazing season. A 4-way mixture of a turnip, rape, radish, and hybrid has proven successful. Because of the high quality of the brassicas, it is advantageous to mix them with oats to increase the fiber in the diet. When this was done, weaned heifers were able to gain about 2.5 pounds per day without the need for any addition supplementation. The brassica mix was also shown to establish well and to be an economically viable management practice when interseeded into standing corn at the V6 growth stage to provide a protein supplement when grazing the corn stalks in the fall. By extending the grazing season into the fall using brassicas, producers can significantly reduce their need for feeding of preserved forages thereby reducing input costs.

Another project was completed that investigated the feasibility of fallowing or partially irrigating grass and alfalfa hayfields on the western slope of Colorado to free up water for municipal/industrial uses or to meet downstream compact obligations. High elevation grass hayfields took one full season to recover following one year of complete fallowing. If producers are to participate in this type of water banking approach, they will need to be compensated for 2 seasons of lost production, not just for the year of fallowing. Alfalfa recovered from partial irrigated for 2 consecutive seasons and was more vigorous compared to the fully irrigated control. Due to its extensive root system and inherent drought tolerance, alfalfa is a better choice for freeing up water for other uses. However, there is not as much alfalfa acreage compared to grass on the western slope of Colorado, so participation by grass hay producers will be required if enough water is to be made available to meet water bank needs.

Idaho

Research Activities

• Alfalfa Variety Trials
• P nutrition of Alfalfa
• Increasing Legume Grazing for Higher Beef Gain on Pastures: An Improved High-Tannin Birdsfoot Trefoil Cultivar with Trans-Regional Potential
• Proposals: Prepared proposals for the USDA NIFA Alfalfa Program, USDA-NIFA Water Challenge Grant.

Extension Activities

Technical support: for statewide and regional forage-livestock system farmers and ranchers.

Publications: authoring and co-authoring national, regional, and state forage-related publications.

• Shewmaker, G.E.   Grazing Investigation: Have we robbed the grass bank?  Progressive Forage Grower 16(1):16-17.
• Shewmaker, G.E.   Hay tarps versus sheds.  Progressive Cattleman (July):32-33.
• Shewmaker, G.E., P. Patterson, and C.W. Gray.   Rain-damage on Idaho hay is estimated at $87 million in 2014. Fact sheet sent to news recipients, December 2014.
• Shewmaker, G.E. 2015. The value of covered hay. 1-10 In: Proceedings Idaho Hay and Forage Conference, 26-27 February 2015, Burley, ID, University of Idaho Extension.
• Shewmaker, G.E., G. Blaser, R. Roemer, J. Church, and K. Hart. Idaho alfalfa variety trials 2014. p. 79-90 In: Proceedings Idaho Hay and Forage Conference, 26-27 February 2015, Burley, ID, University of Idaho Extension.
• Shewmaker, G.E. 2015. Preventing hay fires. [Reprint from Idaho Hay and Forage Conference Proceedings in 2014] p. 53-62 In: Proceedings Northwest Hay Expo Conference, 14-15 January 2015, Washington State Hay Growers, Kennewick, WA.
• Shewmaker, G.E. 2015. Hay storage losses. [Reprint from Idaho Hay and Forage Conference Proceedings in 2014] p. 27-37 In: Proceedings Northwest Hay Expo Conference, 14-15 January 2015, Washington State Hay Growers, Kennewick, WA.

Educational Programs

• Pasture Management Professional Development Workshop, 27-29 May 2015, Logan, UT
• 2015 Snake River Pest Management Research Tour, 22 June 2015, Kimberly, ID
• Hay School Hot Topic: High Nitrate Forages, 15 October 2015, Shoshone, ID

Presentations

• Prevention of Nitrate Accumulation in Forages, Hay School Hot Topic: High Nitrate Forages, 15 October 2015, Shoshone, ID
• Adjusting Forage for Moisture, Hillman Forage Clinic, 3 September 2015, Shelley, ID
• Rodent Control in Crops, 2015 Snake River Pest Management Research Tour, 22 June 2015, Kimberly, ID
• Harvest Management for Hay Production, North Central Idaho Hay Day, 14 May 2015, Fraser, ID
• A Few Flakes Short of a Bale: Working as a Forage Team, U of I Extension Annual Conference, 30 March – 2 April, 2015, Boise, ID
• GMO Forage Issues, Coexistence with Organic Producers, U of I Extension Annual Conference, 30 March – 2 April, 2015, Boise, ID
• Effects of Deficient Irrigation on Alfalfa Yield & Stand Life, Irrigating in a Short Water Year: Making Every Drop Count, 9 March 2015, Arco, ID
• Hay Testing, 2015 Forage School, 5 March 2015, Blackfoot, ID
• Forage Insects and Diseases, Eastern Idaho Forage School, 4 March 2015, Rexburg, ID
• Hay Testing: Dealing with Inconsistencies, 2015 Southeastern Idaho Forage School, 3 March 2015, Preston, ID
• Alfalfa Variety Update, 2015 Southeastern Idaho Forage School, 3 March 2015, Preston, ID
• The Value of Covered Hay, Idaho Hay and Forage Conference, 26-27 February 2015, Burley, ID
• Forage Trends Survey, Idaho Hay and Forage Conference, 26-27 February 2015, Burley, ID
• Managing Wet Meadow Pastures, Cattlemen’s Winter School, 10 February 2015, Salmon, ID; and 11 February 2015, Challis, ID
• Harvesting for Quality Hay, Standlee Hay Grower Meeting, 5 February 2015, Twin Falls, ID; and 13 February 2015, Idaho Falls, ID
• Range Monitoring Report to Salmon River Cattlemen's Assoc., 22 January 2015, Twin Falls, ID

Nevada

Research Activities

• Grazing Preferences, Sward Structural and Morphological Characteristics, Persistence, Nutritional Quality and Animal Intake of Popular Existing, New, and Alternative Forage Crops In Arid Conditions. Hatch project 2015 to 2020.
• Alternative forages: Evaluation of Sorghum, Pearl Millet, Sorghum-sudangrass, and Teff in Nevada: Forage Yield and Quality.
• Evaluation of Low Lignin Alfalfa Varieties: Forage Yield and Quality.

North Dakota

Research Activities

• Industrial sugar beets grown on high saline soil for replacing corn silage in backgrounding and finishing diets.
• Effects of whole or rolled corn in 20 or 40% grass hay diets for finishing yearling steers.
• Rye, hairy vetch, and small grains grown in combination for forage production.
• Alfalfa variety trials: dryland, conventional and roundup ready.
• Sudan grass double cropping trials.
• Cool season forage variety trials.
• Warm season forage variety trials.
• Winter cereal forage variety trials.

Oregon

Research Activities (Hannaway)

• Forage species suitability modeling and mapping: with two M.S. students (Brianna Randow at OSU and Yang Xiumei at Sichuan Agricultural University. Involved GIS-based modeling and mapping and estimating forage potential productivity.
• Alfalfa modeling and mapping: with Chinese visiting scholar HE Feng. Involved modeling and mapping alfalfa fall dormancy and winter survival index cultivars. Developed large database of trial locations and developed initial maps with PRISM Group climate grids.
• Cool-season grass maturity index: for cool-season grasses. AFGC-initiated project led by DLF-Pickseed and including Barenbrug, Grassland Oregon, and FFR Cooperative. Effort is beginning with orchardgrass, assembling research trial data and USDA Plant Variety Protection office information.
• Proposals: Prepared proposals for the USDA NIFA Alfalfa Program, the OSU Agricultural Experiment Station, the OSU Open Educational Resources Unit, and the Oregon Clover Commission.

Research Activities (Bohle)

• Potassium Source & Rate Effect on 3-Cut Mixed Grass Species Hay – Tumalo (2014-2016) Objectives: Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics.         (Also Determine Prediction Usefulness of Greenseeker from N Release of N from Manure with Tracy Wilson)
• Nitrogen Rate Effect on Mixed Grass Hay – Tumalo (2015-2016 or 2017) Objectives: Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics. (Also Determine Prediction Usefulness of Greenseeker with Tracy Wilson)
• Organic Alfalfa Fertility I – Fort Rock (2012 – 2015) Objectives: Document Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics of 18 organic treatments. Focus on manures and organic fertility enhancing products.
• Organic Alfalfa Fertility II – Fort Rock 2013-2015) Objectives: Document Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics of 12 treatments. Focus on manures and organic fertility enhancing products.
• Timothy Nitrogen Rate – Culver (2015-2017) Objectives: Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics. (Also Determine Prediction Usefulness of Greenseeker with Tracy Wilson)
• Tilled and Non-tilled Lime Rate Effect on Grass – Tumalo (2015-2020?) Objectives: Document Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics of different rates of lime tilled in and no-tilled. Document rate of pH change at soil depths 0-2, 2-4, and 4-6 inches in Fall.  (Also Determine Prediction Usefulness of Greenseeker with Tracy Wilson)
• Tilled and Non-tilled Phosphorus Rate and Timing Effect on Orchardgrass Hay (2015-2020?) Objectives: Document Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics of Tilled-in and non-tilled P rates and timing.
• Berseem Clover (‘Frosty’), Lime, and Potassium Rate Effect on Alfalfa (2015) Objectives: Document Yield, Quality, Nutrient Concentration and Uptake, Soil Fertility, and Economics on the effect of 2 rates of lime, 2 rates of Potassium, with and without Frosty Berseem clover to thicken up alfalfa stand.
• Traffic Effect on 3rd Cutting Organic Alfalfa (2 years) Objectives: Document Yield, stem count, and Economics effect from of picking-up-2nd-cut-bales late (rain delayed) on Third Cutting.
• Proposals: Prepared proposals for Oregon Beef council, Oregon Dairy Farmers Association, Oregon Ag Research Foundation (Scott Duggan, Co-PI), and NIFA Food Security (Steve Fransen PI).

Extension Activities (Hannaway)

• Technical support: for statewide and regional forage-livestock system farmers and ranchers.
• Forage Information System: exploring options for replatforming and updating web system.
• Publications: authoring and co-authoring national, regional, and state forage-related publications.
• Presentations:

Hannaway, David, Pete Berry, and Feng He. 2015. Improving Alfalfa Cultivar Selection by GIS Mapping of Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival Index Zones and Modeling Seasonal and Annual Yield. Poster at AFGC Annual Conf., St. Louis, MO. 12-13 Jan.

He Feng* and David B. Hannaway. 2015. Soil Nutrient Conditions in China’s Major Alfalfa Producing Areas. Oral presentation at AFGC Annual Conf., St. Louis, MO. 12-13 Jan.

Extension Activities (Bohle)

Presentations 

• Annual Central Oregon Forage Seminar in January, Prineville. Presented Potassium Fertilizer Effect on Alfalfa and Grass Research updates.
• Pasture and Grazing Management Professional Development for Extension, NRCS, and SWCD’s. (WSARE Grant for OR, WA, ID, CO, UT) Training in Logan, Utah. Presented classes on “Economics: Making Pasture Pay”, and “Pasture Pests”
• Living On A Few Acres (LOAFA) – Taught classes on Pasture and Grazing Management, Irrigation Management, and Hay Production. Redmond
• Worked with Deschutes County SWCD on C.O. Pasture and Grazing Management Workshop (13 attendees) and early summer pasture tour (25 participants)
• Presented Potassium Fertilizer Effect on Alfalfa and Grass Research updates at Hermiston Farm Fair
• Presented Potassium Fertilizer Effect on Alfalfa and Grass Research updates at Northwest Hay Conference in Tri-Cities, WA
• Co-Coordinator for 2015 Klamath Basin Forage Seminar sponsored by Oregon Hay and Forage Association and hosted by Klamath Basin Hay Growers’ Association. Klamath Falls

Teaching Activities (Hannaway)

• F2F forage class: Upper division (CROP 310) undergraduate forage class taught at Oregon State University - on-campus each spring quarter.
• E-campus class: CROP 310 offered as distance class during fall and winter terms.

Utah

Recent Research Summary and Impacts

Earl Creech and his graduate student Jason Clark’s research showed that glyphosate-resistant alfalfa can be effectively terminated with herbicides and tillage, alone or in combination. Jason’s research further showed that silage corn can be grown after alfalfa in Utah with or without tillage and that nitrogen fertilizer does not appear to be necessary for first year corn after alfalfa, which would greatly reduce the fertilizer N costs for growers who rotate corn with alfalfa in Utah and across the West.

Studies by Jennifer MacAdam and collaborators demonstrated that enteric methane emissions from beef cows grazing cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) pastures was significantly reduced relative to cows grazing meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) pasture.

In consumer sensory panels, ribeye steaks from steers finished on meadow bromegrass was less tender and juicy than steaks from steers finished in the feedlot or on birdsfoot trefoil. However, the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids was greater in the intramuscular fat of steaks from both birdsfoot trefoil- and grass-finished beef relative to steaks from feedlot-finished beef.

Grants

Creech, J.E. J. Reeve, D.J. Hole, J. Norton, U. Norton, A. Garcia y Garcia,. 9/9/14 to 8/31/18. Compost carryover and cover crop effects on soil quality, profitability, and cultivar selection in organic dryland wheat. USDA NIFA OREI $1,555,053

MacAdam, J.W. 7/1/14-6/30/15. Nitrogen Cycling on Grass and Legume Pastures. State of Utah Pasture and Forage Initiative. $7,936.

Washington

Research Activities (Fransen)

• Winter canola. This is a new area of cooperative investigations. We have three funded projects focused on canola for forage and grain production.

1. We are into the second year of a N:S fertility trial where canola is planted in mid-August and harvested for silage in mid-October. Because of the low DM of canola forage, half of the fertility treatments are mixed with alfalfa cubes and half are controls. This research is supporting a M.S. Animal Science student. We collected soil and whole plant samples at key growth stages and harvested for grain in early July.
2. This study is planted at WSU-Prosser and off-station at Ted Durfey farms and starts by growing inoculated spring peas with harvest in late June compared with spring fallow. July organic amendments of compost, manure, compost + manure are compared with August inorganic fertilizer for a mid-August planting. Half of all plots were harvested for simulated grazing in mid-October. Soil water samples for nitrates were collected via lysimeters in the fall and will continue in the spring until grain harvest. We have experienced great difficulty getting adequate soil water samples. To collect any soil water at all, we must greatly over-irrigate to cause any leaching (much more than any practical crop ET would recommend). This causes us to question how applicable soil water collection samples and methods are to real world applications. Crops will be harvested for grain in the summer of 2016. The trial will be repeated in 2017 on adjacent land. This study is funded by Western Region SARE.
3. Our final study is funded by WOCS to diagnose why winter canola will survive in some regions / management protocols and not in many others. This study is planted at Othello (north Basin) and Prosser.

• Switchgrass. We continue intercropping switchgrass into hybrid poplars at the GreenWood Resources farm at Boardman, OR. This is our final year and we have requested a one-year no cost extension. All that remains is to revise manuscripts and conduct the life cycle analysis that will be done in 2016 when the remaining lab work is completed. We have completed the switchgrass intercropped with alfalfa study and that manuscript has been submitted.
• Grant proposals. (1) We have submitted a DOE grant for switchgrass conversion from feedstocks grown at Prosser and Paterson. This project has been in development since 2010 and the soils/crops are now in the state where effective treatments can be applied. From collaborative studies with the University of Washington, we have learned there is a new world of microorganisms in our soils, AOA, that I think have a profound effect on switchgrass productivity. In the future, with perennial cellulosic grasses, I think we’ll find even greater positive responses from these compared to bacteria. (2) Cooperator on NIFA Water Challenge grant and (3) Food Security grant.

Research Activities (Norberg)

• Alfalfa Variety Trials – Othello (2012-2015) Objectives: Compare commercial varieties for productivity, stand longevity.
• Alfalfa Variety Trials –Pasco (2012-2015) Objectives: Compare commercial varieties for productivity, stand longevity.
• Timothy Nitrogen Trial – Othello and Pasco (2014-2015) Objective: Develop calibration for in-season nitrogen assessment using chlorophyll (SPAD) meter.
• Soybeans for Hay – Othello, WA and Logan, UT (2014-2015) Objectives: Determine the value of soybeans for hay as a one cut system using a legume.
• “Frosty” Berseem Clover Intercropping with Alfalfa- Othello, (2014-2015) Objectives: Determine value of “Frosty” clover interseeded with alfalfa.

Extension Activities and Presentations (Fransen)

• Publications. Planned PNW bulletin on preventing hay fires. See this TV news interview: Spontaneous Combustion in Haystack Fires...What is it? - NBC Right Now/KNDO/KNDU Tri-Cities, Yakima, WA June 15, 2015. WSARE PDP grant has been received to publish the Westside Forage Calendar and present this to livestock producers in every county in western OR and WA.
• Presentations. Nine presentations given, including four at the WSARE grazing training at Logan, UT in late May.

Wyoming

Accomplishments

Winterhardy peas were developed to reduce the dryland fallow in the regions. Dryland winter wheat is the most commonly grown crop in eastern Wyoming. Due to limited and highly variable precipitation (~15 inches per year, 66% between April and August), fallow remains a common practice to conserve soil moisture and stabilize succeeding crop yields by providing successful establishment in most dryland areas in Wyoming. However, a fallow combined with tillage limits productivity and sustainability of a farm through increasing soil erosion, depleting soil organic matter, and reducing C-fixation and N assimilation. The objectives of this study were to develop winterhardy pea cultivars for both human and livestock (grain and/or forage) consumption through hybridization among diverse lines/cultivars and selection from advanced pea generations; and to test new winterhardy cultivars of pea in the dryland cropping system. The desirable lines were tested at two locations for two years with an eventual release of superior line(s) as new cultivar(s) well adapted to Central Great Plains.

Forages are very important in Wyoming and the mainstay of livestock production. Alfalfa is an important forage crop in the US and produces quality forage and persistent when grown as sole stands.  However, the bloating characteristic and poor tolerance for acidic soils make other legumes such as birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin viable alternatives. The major objective of this study is to assess the effects of different ratios of grass-legume mixtures on forage yield, quality and persistence. Additional objectives are to determine cost effectiveness of establishing sole grass (fertilized with N), sole legumes, and grass-legume mixtures and how efficient these practices are utilizing irrigation water. Data being collected include plant height, percentage of weed, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency, cost and revenue ratio, and forage yield and quality. It is anticipated that the results will help recommend the best grass-legume mixture ratios that will be profitable to Wyoming producers.

Demand for new and suitable plant materials is a long-term issue and is increasing continuously especially in the Intermountain West regions.  The objective of this study is to evaluate different advanced lines of C3 grasses with the inclusion of some local checks in relation to their growth, yield, and quality response to irrigation, drought, and planting time. Species used in this study include tall fescue (seven lines), tall wheatgrass (three lines), western wheatgrass (five lines), and wildrye (two lines). Fall planting was made in late August 2008 whereas spring planting was in early May 2009. Data collected on different growth parameters, persistence, and forage quality from 2009 - 2014 for both plantings seems to be different among species and lines. Long-term data collection will help select and develop superior and well-adapted cultivars.

Impact

Research programs from University of Wyoming have made selection for well-adapted high performing accessions/lines which resulted in development of cultivars that are suitable for Wyoming and neighboring states. This contributed to the improvement of productivity of local and regional producers and in the long-run, will provide economic benefits.

Studies on determining cost effectiveness of establishing sole grass (fertilized with N), sole legumes, and grass-legume mixtures and how efficient these practices are utilizing irrigation water have positive impacts. Results will help recommend the best grass-legume mixture ratios that will be profitable to Wyoming producers by significantly reducing production costs.

Grants

Western SARE Graduate Student Grants. 2014-2016. $24,998; Islam, M.A. and Adjesiwor, A. Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Irrigated Grass-Legume Mixtures.

UW Summer Graduate Research/Graduate Student Enhancement. 2014. $5,000; Islam, M.A. Productivity, quality, water-use efficiency, and benefit-cost ratios of irrigated grass-legume mixtures.

Agriculture Producer Research Grant Program (APRGP), USDA Wyoming Department of Agriculture and UW AES. 2014-2016. $40,000; Islam, M.A., Groose, R.W., Garcia y Garcia, A., and Nachtman, J.J. Wyoming production of locally-bred winter pea to integrate crop and livestock production in Wyoming.

Agriculture Producer Research Grant Program (APRGP), USDA Wyoming Department of Agriculture and UW AES. 2014-2017. $40,000; Islam, M.A. Effect of planting time and fertilizer management on quinoa production in Wyoming.

Colorado

Extension Presentations

Brummer, J.E. 2015. Hay Testing: What the Numbers Mean and Ways to Improve Them. Hay Days, Walden, Colorado.

Brummer, J.E. 2015. Keys for Successful Establishment of Perennial Forages. Pasture Management Professional Development Workshop, Logan, Utah.

Brummer, J.E. 2015. Small Acreage Pasture Management. Small Acreage Workshop, Loveland, Colorado.

Brummer, J.E., and L.A. Villalobos. 2015. Use of Cover Crops as Forage to Extend the Grazing Season into the Fall & Early Winter. Colorado Farm Show, Greeley, Colorado, and NRCS/Soil Conservation District Meeting, Fort Morgan, Colorado.

Brummer, J.E., D.B. Hannaway, and T.C. Griggs. 2015. Growth, Development, and Defoliation Responses of Legumes. Pasture Management Professional Development Workshop, Logan, Utah.

Brummer, J.E., L.P. Jones, P.E. Cabot, C.H. Pearson, and A.F. Berrada. 2015. Agronomic Responses of Grass and Alfalfa Hayfields to No and Partial Season Irrigation as Part of a Potential Colorado Western Slope Water Bank. AWRA Annual Water Resources Conference, Denver, Colorado.

Cabot, P.E., J.E. Brummer, L.P. Jones, C.H. Pearson, and A.F. Berrada. 2015. Agronomic Responses to Partial and Full Season Fallowing of Alfalfa and Grass Hayfields. Water Bank Workgroup Meeting, Vail, Colorado.

Villalobos, L.A., and J.E. Brummer. 2015. Interseeding Cool-season Forages into Corn to Increase Yield and Quality of Residue Grazed in the Fall. Western Section Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. Ann. Mtg., Ruidoso, New Mexico.

Teaching Activities

AGRI 635 - Integrated Forage Management, Spring 2015, 18 students (Graduate).

SOCR 320 - Forage and Pasture Management, Spring 2015, 76 students (Undergraduate).

AGRI 635 - Integrated Forage Management (Online course), Fall 2015, 20 students (Graduate).

Publications

Journals

Villalobos, L.A., and J.E. Brummer. 2015. Forage brassicas stockpiled for fall grazing: Yield and nutritive value. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Mgt. doi: 10.2134/cftm2015.0165.

Wang, L., Y. Qian, J.E. Brummer, J. Zheng, S. Wilhelm, and W.J. Parton. 2015. Simulated biomass, environmental impacts and best management practices for long-term switchgrass systems in a semi-arid region. Biomass and Bioenergy 75:254-266.

Theses/Dissertations

Jones, L.P. 2015. Agronomic Responses of Grass and Alfalfa Hayfields to No and Partial Season Irrigation as Part of a Western Slope Water Bank. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. (Role: Major Advisor)

Villalobos, L.A. 2015. Annual Cool-season Forage Systems for Fall Grazing by Cattle. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. (Role: Major Advisor)

Proceedings

Villalobos, L., and J.E. Brummer. 2015. Interseeding cool-season forages into corn to increase yield and quality of residue grazed in the fall. In: Proceedings, Western Section Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 66:268-271.

Abstracts

Brummer, J.E., L.P. Jones, P.E. Cabot, C.H. Pearson, and A.F. Berrada. 2015. Agronomic responses of grass and alfalfa hayfields to no and partial season irrigation as part of a potential Colorado Western Slope water bank. Abstr. Session 85, AWRA Annual Water Resources Conference, Denver, CO.

Shewmaker, G.E., M. Bohle, S. Fransen, J.E. Brummer, and D. Hannaway. 2015. Forage and pasture educational program for professionals in the Northwest. Abstr. #94242, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Ann. Conf., Minneapolis, MN.

Idaho

Publications

Book Chapter

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2015. Forages and Grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Chapter 2, pp. 37-62 In: Ghosh, P.K., Mahanta, S.K., Singh, J.B., and Pathak, P.S. (Eds). Grassland: A Global Resource Perspective. Range Management Society of India, Jhansi, India.

Abstracts

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2016. Forages and Grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Abstract for American Forage and Grassland Council Annual Meeting 10-13 Jan. 2016, Baton Rouge, LA.

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2015.  Pastures of the Pacific Northwest.  Abstract for The 6th National Conference on Grazing Lands, 13-16 Dec. 2015, Grapevine, TX. National Grazing Lands Coalition.

Shewmaker, G.E., M.G. Bohle, S.C. Fransen, J.E. Brummer, and D.B. Hannaway.  2015. Forage and pasture educational program for professionals in the northwest. [Abstract 93980 and Presentation 913] American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, November 15-18, 2015.

Nevada

Publications

Abstract

Solomon, Juan K.Q. and Guillermo Scaglia. 2015. Cattle Grazing Preference Among Four Clover Species. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Annual Meeting. Nov. 15 – 18, Minneapolis, MN.

North Dakota

Research Report Publications

2015 Trial Results - Alfalfa - Dryland, Conventional - Carrington, ND — Variety Trial Results             https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/varietytrials/carrington-rec/2015-trial-results/2015-trial-results-alfalfa-dryland-conventional-carrington/view, accessed November 30, 2015.

2015 Trial Results - Alfalfa - Dryland, Roundup Ready - Carrington, ND — Variety Trial Results        https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/varietytrials/carrington-rec/2015-trial-results/2015-trial-results-alfalfa-dryland-roundup-ready-carrington/view, accessed November 30, 2015.

2015 Trial Results - Forage - Cool-Season - Carrington, ND — Variety Trial Results https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/varietytrials/carrington-rec/2015-trial-results/2015-trial-results-forage-cool-season-carrington/view, accessed November 30, 2015.

2015 Trial Results - Forage - Warm-Season - Carrington, ND — Variety Trial Results            https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/varietytrials/carrington-rec/2015-trial-results/2015-trial-results-forage-warm-season-carrington/view, accessed November 30, 2015.

2015 Trial Results - Sudangrass - Double Crop - Carrington, ND — Variety Trial Results https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/varietytrials/carrington-rec/2015-trial-results/2015-trial-results-sudangrass-double-crop-carrington/view, accessed November 30, 2015.

Engel, C. L., V. L. Anderson, and C. S. Schauer. Effects of Corn Particle Size and Forage Level on Performance and Carcass Traits of Yearling Steers during Finishing. 2014 North Dakota Beef Report: 22.

Engel, C. L., A. Taylor, C. S. Schauer, R. Maddock, and K. C. Olson.  Effects of Whole or Rolled Corn and 20 or 40 Percent Forage Levels on Finishing Performance of Yearling Steers. 2015 North Dakota Beef Report: 18.

Oregon

Publications (Hannaway)

Journals

Yang, X.M., Y.J. Zhang, D.B. Hannaway, X.Q. Zhang, and C.H. Yang. 2015. Validation and Application of the DairyMod Forage Growth Module. Acta Prataculturae Sinica 23 (5): 1086-1092.

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2015. Forages and Grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Chapter 2, pp. 37-62 In: Ghosh, P.K., Mahanta, S.K., Singh, J.B., and Pathak, P.S. (Eds). Grassland: A Global Resource Perspective. Range Management Society of India, Jhansi, India.

XIE Kaiyun, HE Feng, ZHANG Yingjun, WAN Liqiang, David B. Hannaway, Li Xianglin, WANG Dong, QIN Yan, Gamal Mohamed Ali Fadul. 2015. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield, N Content, and Nitrogen Fixation of Alfalfa and Smooth Bromegrass Grown Alone or in Mixture in Greenhouse Pots. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 14(9): 1864–1876.

Yang X.M., W.X. Zhang, L.Z. Gao, C.H. Yang, Y.J. Zhang, D.B. Hannaway, and X.Q. Zhang. 2015. Forage Potential Production Adaptation Simulation Model and its Application. Jiangsu J. Agric. Sci. 31(2):322-327. (in Chinese with English Abstract)

Theses

Randow, Brianna Lyn. 2015. Improving the Forage Species Selection Process through Research and Teaching Projects. M.S. Crop Science. Oregon State University. [Role: Major Advisor]

Yang, Xiumei. 2015. Estimating Sichuan’s Key Forage Production Potential Using GIS and Forage Simulation Modeling. [Role: International Committee Member, thesis and manuscript revisions]

Abstracts

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2016. Forages and Grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Abstract for American Forage and Grassland Council Annual Meeting 10-13 Jan. 2016, Baton Rouge, LA.

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2015.  Pastures of the Pacific Northwest.  Abstract for The 6th National Conference on Grazing Lands, 13-16 Dec. 2015, Grapevine, TX. National Grazing Lands Coalition.

Shewmaker, G.E., M.G. Bohle, S.C. Fransen, J.E. Brummer, and D.B. Hannaway.  2015. Forage and pasture educational program for professionals in the northwest. [Abstract 93980 and Poster 913] American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, November 15-18, 2015.

Publications (Bohle)

Editor and Author for C.O. Ag Newsletter (6 editions) and Ag E-Newsletter (bimonthly)

Co-Editor and Author for Biannual Oregon Hay and Forage Association Newsletter

Reviewer for Oregon Hay and Forage Association Annual Hay Directory

Utah

Publications

Casler, M.D., D.J.  Undersander, Y.A. Papadopolous, S. Bittman, D. Hunt, R.D. Mathison, D.H. Min, J.G. Robins, J.H. Cherney, S.N. Acharya, D.P. Belesky, S.R. Bowley, B.E. Coulman, R. Drapeau, N.J. Ehlke, M.H. Hall, R.H. Leep, R. Michaud, J. Rowsell, G.E. Shewmaker, C.D. Teutsch, and W.K. Coblentz. 2014. Sparse-flowering orchardgrass represents an improvement in forage quality during reproductive growth. Crop Science 54: 421-429.

Escribano, S. and J.G. Robins. 2014. Phenotypic performance of timothy accessions under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Crop Science 54: 1079-1086.

Grabber, J. H. Riday, K. Cassida, T. Griggs, D.-H. Min and J.W. MacAdam. 2014. Yield, morphological characteristics, and chemical composition of European and Mediterranean-derived birdsfoot trefoil cultivars grown in the colder continental USA. Crop Science 54: 1893-1901.

Hunt, S.R., T.C. Griggs and J.W. MacAdam*. 2014. Change in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) nutritive value with stem elongation, flowering and pod formation. In A. Hopkins et al. (ed) Proceedings of the European Grassland Federation, Aberystwyth, Wales, 7-11 September 2014. Grassland Science in Europe 19: 884-886.

Hunt, S.R., J.W. MacAdam* and T.C. Griggs. 2014. Lignification and tannin localization during the development of birdsfoot trefoil stems. Crop Science 54: 1876-1886.

Jensen, K.B., P. Harrison, N.J. Chatterton, B.S. Bushman and J.E. Creech. 2014. Seasonal trends in nonstructural carbohydrates in cool- and warm-season grasses. Crop Sci. 54: 2328-2340.

Jensen, K.B., J.G. Robins, B.S. Bushman, D.A. Johnson, S.D. Stratton, and K. Heaton, K. 2014. UTDG-101, a late-maturing orchardgrass germplasm with increased winter hardiness and forage quality. Journal of Plant Registrations 8: 318-323.

Larson, S.R., K.B. Jensen, J.G. Robins, and B.L. Waldron. 2014. Genes and quantitative trait loci controlling biomass yield and forage quality traits in perennial wildrye. Crop Science 54: 111-126.

Nelson, R.L., M.D. Peel, and C.V. Ransom. 2014. Small burnet response to spring and fall postemergence herbicide applications. Weed Technology 28: 168-175.

Noviandi, C.T., J.S. Eun, M.D. Peel, B.L. Waldron, B.R. Min, D.R. ZoBell, R.L. Miller. 2014 Effects of energy supplementation in pasture forages on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics in continuous cultures. Professional Animal Scientist 30: 13-22.

Noviandi, C.T., K. Neal, J.S. Eun, M.D. Peel, B.L. Waldron, D.R. ZoBell, B.R. Min. 2014. Comparison of alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and cicer milkvetch in combination with 25, 50, or 75% tall fescue in a continuous-culture system. Professional Animal Scientist 30: 23-32.

Xie, W.G., B.S. Bushman, Y.M Ma, M.S. West, J.G. Robins, L. Michaels, K.B. Jensen, X.Q. Zhang, M.D. Casler, and S.D. Stratton. 2014. Genetic diversity and variation in North American orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars and breeding lines. Grassland Science 60: 185-193.

Xie W.G., J.G. Robins, S. Escribano, B.S. Bushman, and X.Q. Zhang. 2014. Cultivar * binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass. Grassland Science 60: 104-111.

Yun, L., S.R. Larson, I.W. Mott, K.B. Jensen, and J.E. Staub. 2014. Genetic control of rhizomes and genomic localization of a major-effect growth habit QTL in perennial wildrye. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 289: 383-397.

Washington

Publications (Fransen)

 Book chapter

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2015. Forages and Grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Chapter 2, pp. 37-62 In: Ghosh, P.K., Mahanta, S.K., Singh, J.B., and Pathak, P.S. (Eds). Grassland: A Global Resource Perspective. Range Management Society of India, Jhansi, India.

Manuscripts

Kimura, E., H.P. Collins and S. Fransen. 2015. Biomass production and nutrient removal by switchgrass under irrigation. Agon. J. 107:204-210.

Girma, K., R.O. Okwany and S. Fransen. 2015. Soil nitrate following biofuel feedstock grasses and irrigation in the Pacific Northwest. Agon. J. 107: 13-19.

Kimura, S.C. Fransen, H.P. Collins, S.O. Guy, and W.J. Johnston. Breaking seed dormancy o switchgrass: A review. Biomass and Bioenergy. 80:94-101.

Bertagnolli, A., K.A. Meinhardt, M. Pannuu, S. Brown, S.Strand, S.C. Fransen, and D. A Stahl. 2015. Influence of edaphic and management factors on the diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaeota and bacteria in soils of bioenergy crop cultivars. Env. Micro. Reports. 7(2): 312-320.

Llewellyn, D., G. Rohwer, S. Norberg, E. Kimura, S. Neibergs, and S. Fransen. Case Study: Evaluating farm processed canola and camelina meals as protein supplements for beef cattle. N (in Press).

 Abstracts

Collins, H.P., E. Kimura, S. Fransen and B. Station. 2015. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Intercropping of Switchgrass and Hybrid Poplar. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meetings, Minneapolis, MN, Abstract. November 15-18, 2015.

Shewmaker, G.E., D.B. Hannaway, and S.C. Fransen.  2015.  Pastures of the Pacific Northwest.  Abstract for The 6th National Conference on Grazing Lands, 13-16 Dec. 2015, Grapevine, TX. National Grazing Lands Coalition.

Shewmaker, G.E., M.G. Bohle, S.C. Fransen, J.E. Brummer, and D.B. Hannaway.  2015. Forage and pasture educational program for professionals in the northwest. [Abstract 93980 and Presentation 913] American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, November 15-18, 2015.

Publications (Norberg)

Abstracts

Steve Norberg, Earl Creech, Don Llewellyn, Steve Fransen, and Shannon Neibergs. 2015. Cutting Irrigated Hay Costs By Using Soybeans. Western Alfalfa & Forage Symposium, Reno, NV.

Steve Norberg, Don Llewellyn, Steve Fransen Shannon Neibergs. 2015. Using Chlorophyll Meter and Tissue Testing To Determine In-Season Nitrogen Needs in Timothy Hay Production. Western Alfalfa & Forage Symposium, Reno, NV.

Wyoming

Publications

Book Chapter (Refereed)

Islam, M.A. and Obour, A.K. 2014. Drought physiology of forage crops. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 3rd Edition (M. Pessarakli, Ed.), pp. 427-440. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Company, Florida.

Popular articles (refereed)

Islam, M.A. 2014. Quinoa has potential for adding to Wyoming producer profits. Barnyards & Backyards Profitable & Sustainable Agricultural Systems (PSAS) Newspapers Insert (an insert to twenty-four Wyoming newspapers; 144,000 copies of this insert were distributed across the state in March 2014).

Abstracts

Islam, M.A. 2014. Economics of Tall Fescue Production. Proceedings of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science-US Alumni Association 5^th Multidisciplinary Science Forum International Annual Meetings 7 November 2014. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science).

Islam, M.A. 2014. Forage and seed production economics of tall fescue. Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings November 2-5 2014. Long Beach, CA (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America).

Nilahyane, A., Garcia y Garcia, A., and Islam, M.A. 2014. Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Rates on Yield of Corn for Silage. Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings November 2-5 2014. Long Beach, CA (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America).

Extension publications

Islam, M.A. 2014. Ergot Poisoning: A Forage-Related Animal Disorder. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 25, No. 83, December 6, 2014.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Red Clover: A Potential Legume for Improving Pasture Yield and Quality in Wyoming. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 25, No. 75, October 11, 2014.

Aryal, P. and Islam, M.A. 2014. Competitive Effect of Forage Kochia and Perennial Grass on Cheatgrass Growth. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 19-20. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Adjesiwor, A.T., Islam, M.A., Jeliazkov, V., Garcia y Garcia, A., and Ritten, J. 2014. Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Alfalfa Persistence. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 21-22. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Islam, M.A., and Violett, R. 2014. Forage and Seed Yield Potential of Tall Fescue Under Irrigated Conditions. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 55-56. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Aryal, P. and Islam, M.A. 2014. Establishing Forage Kochia in Diverse Environments in Wyoming. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 69-70. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Dhakal, D. and Islam, M.A. 2014. Grass-Legume Mixtures for Improved Forage Yield, Forage Quality, and Soil Properties. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 73-74. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Islam, M.A., Edwards, J., and Nachtman, J. 2014. Evaluation of Organic and Conventional Soil Fertility Management in High Tunnels. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 75-76. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Horn, B., Islam, M.A., Garcia y Garcia, A., and Valtcho, J. 2014. Perennial cool-season grasses for hay production and fall grazing under full and limited irrigation. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 105. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Adjesiwor, A.T., Islam, M.A., Jeliazkov, V., Garcia y Garcia, A., and Ritten, J. 2014. Irrigated Grass-Legume Mixtures. 2014 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 121-122. Available at http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/_files/docs/2014-field-days-bulletin.pdf (verified October 22, 2014).

Islam, M.A. 2014. Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization for Alfalfa Persistence. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 25, No. 59, June 21, 2014.

Islam, M.A. 2014. White Clover Has Potential for Improving Pasture Yield and Quality. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 25, No. 52, May 3, 2014.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Tall Fescue Shows Potential for Forage and Seed Production in Wyoming. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 25, No. 45, March 15, 2014.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Legume Inoculation - An Important Step for Legume Establishment. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, Vol. 25, No. 38, January 25, 2014.

Presentations

Islam, M.A. 2014. Fenugreek and Its Multipurpose Use. An invited presentation at the UW Botany Department December 12 2014. Laramie, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Forage Crop Production and Culture in Japan. The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science-US Alumni Association 5th Multidisciplinary Science Forum International Annual Meetings November 7 2014. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

Islam, M.A. 2014. WERA 1014 Regional Project Report: On-going/Completed Research. University Inn, Utah State University, October 27-28 2014. Logan, UT.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Fenugreek: A Specialty Crop with Many Uses. An invited presentation at the Colorado State University October 16 2014. Fort Collins, CO.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Grass-Legume Mixtures. Tear Down the Walls Annual Meeting at Western Nebraska Community College, August 13-14 2014. Sidney, NE.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Wyoming NCCC-31 Report-Ecophysiological Aspects of Forage Management. Kellogg Biological Station, June 17-19 2014. Hickory Corners, MI.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Wyoming Chapter Gamma Sigma Delta. GSD Conclave at University of Nebraska-Lincoln, June 2-4 2014. Lincoln, NE.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Grass and Forage Research at the University of Wyoming, USA. An invited presentation at the Miyazaki University March 19 2014. Miyazaki, Japan.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Fenugreek has potential for multipurpose use. An invited presentation at the Tokyo University March 10 2014. Tokyo, Japan.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Multipurpose use of forage crops: Germplasm search and evaluation for cultivar development. An invited presentation at the Hokkaido University March 7 2014. Hokkaido, Japan.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Multipurpose use of forage crops: Germplasm search and evaluation. An invited presentation at the 267th Asia Seminar at the Hiroshima University February 24 2014. Hiroshima, Japan.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Annual Forages: Species, Varieties, and Importance. Wyoming Beef Production Convention, November 18, 2014. Torrington, WY.

Islam, M.A. and Stump, W. 2014. Quinoa, A potential crop for Wyoming? Specialty Crop Workshop, November 1, 2014. Wheatland, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Forage Crop Trials in Wyoming. LREC Field Day, August 28, 2014. Laramie, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Quinoa Variety Trials in Wyoming. LREC Field Day, August 28, 2014. Laramie, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Roundup Ready Alfalfa and Forage Trials: An Update. SAREC Field Day, August 21, 2014. Lingle, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Economics of Tall Fescue Forage and Seed Production. PREC Field Day, July 17, 2014. Powell, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Forage Establishment: Factors to Consider. Wyoming Forage Field Day, July 10, 2014. Eden Valley Community Center, Farson, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Grass-Legume Mixtures and Grass Hay Production Studies. ShREC Field Day, June 14, 2014. Sheridan, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Forage Variety Selection. Master Hay Grower, February 3, 2014. Agriculture Resource and Learning Center, Casper, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Forage Crops Under Irrigation in Wyoming. Cattleman’s Update, February 3, 2014. Albany County Fairgrounds, Laramie, WY.

Islam, M.A. 2014. Nutrient Management in Forage Crops. 2014 Wyoming Certification Rendezvous, January 22, 2014. Casper, WY.