SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: WERA_OLD77 : Managing Invasive Weeds in Wheat
- Period Covered: 10/01/2013 to 09/01/2014
- Date of Report: 05/19/2015
- Annual Meeting Dates: 03/12/2015 to 03/12/2015
Participants
Barroso, Judit (judit.barroso@oregonstate.edu)- Oregon State University; Burke, Ian (icburke@wsu.edu)- Washington State University; Campbell, Joan (jcampbell@uidaho.edu)- University of Idaho; Fransen, Kyle (kfrandsen@uidaho.edu)- University of Idaho; Kniss, Andrew (akniss@uwyo.edu)- University of Wyoming; Lehnhof, Erik (erik.lehnhoff@montana.edu)- Montana State University; Lyon, Drew (drew.lyon@wsu.edu)- Washington State University; Mallory-Smith, Carol (carol.mallory-smith@oregonstate.edu)- Oregon State University; Neely, Clark (cneely@ag.tamu.edu)- Texas A&M University; Peterson, Dallas (dpeterso@ksu.edu)- Kansas State University; Post, Angela (angela.post@okstate.edu)- Oklahoma State University; Rapp, Ryan (ryan.e.rapp@monsanto.com)-Monsanto; Roerig, Kyle (kyle.roerig@oregonstate.edu)- Oregon State University; Thill, Donn (dthill@uidaho.edu)- University of Idaho;
Joan Campbell (secretary) called the meeting to order at 1 pm
Attendance sheet was passed around the room and attendees introduced themselves. Two members participated by telephone.
NIMSS Update - Donn Thill, Administrative Advisory. WERA077 is in good shape and goes through October 30, 2019. Internal review will be in the third year. Timely submission of impact statements for activities was stressed.
The seeding direction study was the first item of discussion. The following data will be collected in Texas; Kimberly and Moscow, Idaho; Pendleton and Corvallis, Oregon; Washington; Kansas and Oklahoma:
1. Weed density, counts taken as necessary to capture variability of the stand, report as plants per square meter
2. Wheat stand, counts taken as necessary to capture variability of the stand, report as plants per m of row
3. Weed height, 10 random measures at weed head emergence
4. Weed biomass, take biomass measure to capture variability of the stand, report as g per square meter (this is taken at same time as weed height)
5. Weed seed production, collect seed to capture variability of the stand, reported as number per square meter.
6. Send seed to Ian Burke for genotype
7. Wheat height, canopy height taken at crop flag leaf stage of growth
8. Wheat yield (kg per ha) and test weight
9. Send all data to Andrew Kniss. Make certain all data is reported as requested. Include number of replications. 10. Optional data to include a photo and/or light reading: Place a meter stick on the ground in the plot to photograph each experimental unit at the same distance above ground. (The two edges of the meter stick should be just within view). Take photo at dawn or under cloud cover to minimize shadows.
11. If weeds are not present, report information on wheat only as that is important information as well.
Publication of combined pyroxasulfone data was the second discussion item. The article will be written after all data is statistically analyzed. Andrew Kniss will prepare a spread sheet and analyze data. Please fill in accurately as requested. Lead writers have yet to be determined.
The third item of discussion was on feral rye (aka common, cereal, winter, or volunteer rye) Secale cereale L.
Feral rye typically matures and shatters before wheat harvest. It has been reported to reduce winter wheat yield
Data to collect:
Seed will be collected to be grown in common gardens representing eco-climatic areas from north to south and east to west. Collect 1 liter of seed for each individual site. The number of sites to include in the common gardens and the number of common gardens are to be determined in the future (likely five or six sites). Seed not included in the common garden might still be included in genotyping. Seed should be threshed, cleaned, dried and stored in a closed container. All seed will be stored at a single site.
Possible common garden sites:
Texas/Oklahoma/Kansas
Montana
Wyoming
Southern Idaho/Pendleton/Central Washington
Willamette Valley
Northern Idaho
The meeting concluded with state reports.
No nominations were put forward for secretary. Don Morishita will continue as chair and Joan Campbell will continue as secretary.
Meeting adjourned at 3:15 pm
Accomplishments
Procedures and experiments for feral rye seed collection summer 2015 from Montana, Utah, Idaho, Washington, Texas, Kansas, and Oregon and planting of common gardens were outlined. Feral rye typically matures and shatters before wheat harvest. It has been reported to reduce winter wheat yield 14 to 69% in population from 5 to 18 plants per square meter, respectively. Feral rye may cause dockage, grade reduction and a loss of wheat quality. Wheat flour contaminated with rye has poor baking characteristics. Few control measures are available for good control of feral rye in wheat. It is a widespread weed, but it is not a real problem in certain areas. Feral rye has been reported to be moving upslope in south facing, non-arable, gravel steep slopes. With climate change, does feral rye have the potential to increase? Various lots of feral rye have been introduced at different times throughout the region. Are populations of feral rye from Texas to Montana and west to Washington and Oregon homogenous? In addition, feral rye has been present long enough to have some selection due to geographical area. The potential of changing climate on plant species is relevant in relation to Growing Degree Days and moisture response. Seed will be collected from geographical diverse areas, grown in common gardens, and will be genotyped.
Impacts
- Confirmed dicamba-resistance in kochia, the explosive increase of glyphosate resistance in Palmer amaranth, and confirmed multiple herbicide resistance in kochia complicates and increases weed management costs. Increased use of tillage in place of herbicides to control herbicide resistant weed populations threatens gains in soil and water conservation.
- Determined the tolerance and efficacy of newly registered and soon-to-be registered herbicides, which is critical to the development of unbiased information on the use of these products by wheat growers for specific growing regions. This data assists in timely federal registration of new herbicides for control of weeds that threaten western wheat production. Herbicides with new and different modes of action can reduce or stop the development of herbicide resistant weeds. Craze herbicide may be an option for possible control of herbicide resistant broadleaf weeds.
- Zidua (Group 15) was registered for annual grass control, including Italian ryegrass and rattail fescue, in winter and spring wheat in spring 2014. Zidua registration will aid in control of Group 1 and 2 resistant Italian ryegrass. Very few other herbicides control rattail fescue. These registrations provide needed tools to help control herbicide resistant weeds.
- Knowledge of cultural controls, crop rotation and tillage, are limited for rattail fescue control. Current information is speculative at best. Herbicide usage in winter wheat is the only known research-based tool for rattail fescue control. Data collected on cultural controls will help growers take an integrated weed management approach to reducing rattail fescue.
- Valor and Spartan may control common broadleaf weeds in legume crops. Concern is that these herbicides may persist in the soil and cause injury and yield reduction in winter wheat. Studies show that Valor and Spartan may be safely used in pea and chickpea crops without reducing yield in winter wheat, which increased herbicide choices to control devastating broadleaf weeds in legume crops where crop competition is limited and herbicide options are few.
Publications
Lyon, D.J., A.G. Hulting, D.W. Morishita, and F.L. Young. 2014. Integrated management of downy brome in winter wheat. Pacific Northwest Extension Publication 668 (PNW668). Washington State University, Pullman, WA.