Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Objective 1.Develop and integrate decision support systems to promote efficient,environmentally sound, and economically viable management systems for dairy young stock.

Objective 1A: To enhance understanding of nutrient requirements of young calves and growing dairy heifers and identify nutritional strategies that maximize the efficient use of dietary nutrients and reduce excretion into the environment.

VA conducted nutritional studies to assess the impact of the nutritional formulation (fat and protein content) of milk replacers on the performance and health of youg Jersey calves. Results showed that a traditional formulation (21% CP and 21% fat) was inadequate and supported minimal weight gains. A 28-29% CP and 24% fat milk replacer would appear to result in optimal performance and should be the formulation of choice for feeding Jersey calves in an intensified program. IA determined that the addition of grass hay chopped to a consistent particle size to calf starter enhances feed efficiency in both pre- and post-weaned calves by improving the rumen environment. A LA project has been initiated to evaluate the effects of dietary protein level and ruminally undegradable protein on growth, nitrogen balance, and anabolic hormone status in weaned dairy calves.

PA conducted a study to assess the effects of varying protein fractions fed in diets containing two forage levels to 16-18 month old dairy heifers. Diets that were balanced to contain high soluble protein and RUP appeared to improve the apparent N digestibility when fed in both medium and high forage diets.

Objective 1B: To evaluate effects of different nutritional management strategies on performance and economic efficiencies of dairy replacement heifers.

IA determined that the addition of grass hay chopped to a consistent particle size to calf starter did not delay weaning of calves when using an intake-based weaning system although feed costs were reduced. A large project supervised by MN evaluated the economics of integrating a grazing enterprise vs. a traditional open-front confinement feedlot with corn, soybeans and alfalfa crop rotations on a commercial Minnesota livestock and crop farm. Results showed a $0.04 to $0.30 reduction in direct costs per pound of gain for the pasture compared to the traditional system.

MN studied the effects of early calf nutrition on Holstein steer performance and carcass characteristics in partnerships with two commercial partners (Land O Lakes and Cooperative Research Farms, Inc.). Results of this study demonstrated the pre-weaning growth advantage of an intensive vs. conventional calf raising program. These advantages, however, were not maintained throughout the feeding period for long-fed Holstein steers. There were indications that carcass quality tended to improve from the intensive pre-weaning program. A complete economic analysis will define the cost:benefit ratios for each feeding regimen.

MN evaluated the performance of calves fed an intensive growth milk replacer and calf starters of differing protein and fat content. The use of a higher CP starter for calves fed an intensive milk feeding program was inconclusive under the conditions of this study due in part to less than optimal pre-weaning calf performance.

PA is investigating the effect of nitrogen and forage source on feed efficiency and structural growth of prepubertal Holstein heifers. Results of an experiment suggest that feeding moderately different levels of forage along with either soybean meal or a slow release urea product did not result in any significant differences in main or interactive effects in feed efficiency or structural growth.

Objective 1C: To elucidate metabolic processes and endocrine interrelationships in the biology of colostrums and nutrient intake, and environment stressors on immune function and calf performance.

Numerous projects are under way to study the effects of management and nutritional modifications on the health of young calves and their immune system. NH has a study under way to evaluate the effect of lactoferrin supplementation in either a 20/20 all milk protein replacer or a 28/20 all milk protein replacer. Lactoferrin supplementation could reduce the need for medication in milk replacers. SD assessed the accuracy of two new commercially available, qualitative, on-farm kits that utilize serum or whole blood to evaluate failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunoglobulins. Results showed that both kits can be used by producers as a qualitative assessment tool to ensure that calves that test adequate for passive transfer do indeed have adequate blood IgG concentrations.

MN evaluated the effect of using a nutritional supplement as an alternative to antibiotic medicated milk replacers on performance and health of Holstein calves. Under the conditions of this study the use of a nutritional supplement as a replacement for antibiotics in milk replacers did not compromise calf performance.

A study was conducted in LA to determine the developmental changes in growth hormone, insulin, and glucose responses to infusion with amino acids in dairy calves. A manuscript is under preparation.

In a NH study, six week old calves were given a choice of either a control calf starter containing either monensin of lasalocid at 1 mg/kg of body weight to measure ionophore preference by young dairy calves. Results showed that calves tended to prefer the control diets over the ionophore supplemented diets and lasalocid was preferred over monensin. Another NH trial is looking at the effect of chlortetracycline on reproduction in dairy heifers. The experiment has been completed and statistical analyses are in progress.

IA completed numerous studies in partnership with American Protein Corporation and Merrick?s. These studies determined (1) that the addition of growth factors to a colostrums supplement diminished the absorptive efficiency of IgG, (2) that apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) of IgG fed to calves was enhanced by feeding 150 g of Ig at birth when compared to the AEA of IgG fed to calves in two separate doses of 75 g/dose 12 h apart, (3) that the addition of an emulsifying agent to a colostrums supplement did not interfere with absorptive efficiency, (4) that the addition of bovine serum proteins or fat-soluble vitamins were ineffective in enhancing gut recovery from a coronavirus challenge, (5) that the umbilical cord length and diameter affect both duration of calving and calving ease score, and (6) that retained placental blood volume is related to calving ease score.

IN studied beta-glucan and antioxidant modulation of neonatal dairy calf immune function prior to bacterial challenge with Salmonella dublin. Preliminary results showed that all calves had antibodies indicative of previous exposure to salmonella. Bacterial challenge was titrated to a dose that would cause morbidity without significant mortality. In a subsequent trial, it was found that eye temperature from thermal imaging had the least variability among ear, nose and eye temperatures. A dose of 108 cfu of Salmonella dublin was found optimal for challenging three week old calves. Finally, a preliminary study to determine the effects of electrolyte solutions on amelioration of shipping stress in neonatal calves has been completed, showing that the subcutaneous treatment of calves with electrolytes allows calves dehydrated by shipping stress to regain normal hematocrit and immune function.

Objective 2. To develop strategies and systems to optimize nutrient utilization, economic returns, and environmental goals for management of dry, pregnant and lactating dairy cows.

Objective 2A. To develop and evaluate management and feeding systems for optimal cow performance, comfort, well-being, health and behavior.

There is much ongoing work related to the nutrition and health of dairy cows during the transition period (3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum). SD looked at the effects of feeding glycerol (a by-product of the biodiesel manufacture) on dry matter intake, milk production and blood metabolites of transition cows. Results showed that glycerol fed at 1 kg/d delayed the onset and degree of fat mobilization during the first 3 weeks postpartum. The greatest potential for glycerol to prevent ketosis was observed during the first 7 DIM and the optimal inclusion rate was between 0.5 and 1 kg/d. Various delivery methods of glycerol to dairy cows for providing gluconeogenic precursors to the liver were also investigated in SD. Preliminary results showed that cows treated with glycerol as an oral drench had the most rapid and dramatic increase in blood glucose after treatment. Esophageal delivery to the rumen blunted this response. Cows fed glycerol did not appear to respond with increases in blood glucose concentrations compared to control. KS evaluated the impact of top dressing a lactating TMR with long-stem alfalfa hay with or without additional dry rolled corn during the first five days postpartum on performance. Top-dressing the lactation TMR with long-stem alfalfa hay with or without dry-rolled corn was not beneficial in this study. MI conducted an extensive study to determine the effects of prepartum exercise of Holstein dairy cows on blood and liver metabolites, DMI, milk yield, and health disorders. Prepartum exercise of dairy cows reduced the incidence of health disorders, but did not affect lactation performance during the first month of lactation. Additional work is in progress.

Milking strategies in terms of frequency and time of initiation are being researched. In KS, Holstein cows were assigned to be milked four times daily for the first 30 days of lactation and twice daily thereafter, whereas the controls were milked twice daily. Half of each milking frequency groups did not received bST at anytime during the lactation while the other half was treated with bST starting at 63 days postpartum. Milking four times daily for only the first 30 days in milk improved energy-corrected milk (ECM) by 2,180 compared to twice daily milking without bST, and by 771 lbs for cows supplemented with bST. Injection of bST increased ECM yields by 2,187 lbs in twice daily milked cows and 778 lbs in four times daily cows. IN researched the effect of prepartum milking on the production, health, and well being of first calf heifers. Prepartum milking of first calf heifers decreased the severity of udder edema and increased the presence of mastitis-causing bacteria at the third milking post-calving. However, prepartum milked heifers had lower average somatic cell counts at the completion of lactation. Prepartum milked heifers consume more feed after calving and produce higher levels of milk from two weeks before calving until three weeks after calving. These results demonstrate that prepartum milking may be a beneficial management tool.

Control is an important function of management. OH is studying the optimal sampling schedule of diet components. Various recommendations have been issued regarding sampling schedule of diet components, especially forages. Their bases are unclear and none are justified from an economic standpoint. A quality cost function made of four parts was derived. The resulting total quality cost per day can be optimized with respect to the number of samples, sampling frequency and control limits using a genetic algorithm.

NH examined the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionobacterium freudenreichii on performance and apparent total tract digestibility of early lactation Holstein cows. The study is completed but statistical analyses of results are not. A KS study examined the production efficiency of mid-lactation dairy cows fed yeast culture during the summer. Results suggested that the yeast culture can improve production efficiency of dairy cows in mid-lactation.

CALIFORNIA

Chang, A. 2003. Managing dairy wastes in the central valley of California. Committee of Consultants Investigative Report, University of California. 43 pp.

FLORIDA

De Araujo, A.E.M., A. deVries, R.G. Giesy, L.O. Ely, and D.W. Webb. Ranking of dairy farms based on economic measures per CWT milk sold and per CWT milk equivalent. Journal of Dairy Science. Submitted October, 2003.

De Vries, A. Economic value of delayed replacement when cow performance is seasonal. Journal of Dairy Science. Submitted September, 2003.

De Vries, A. and B.J. Conlin. A comparison of the performance of statistical quality control charts in a dairy production system through stochastic simulation. Agricultural Systems. Submitted April, 2003.

De Vries, A., and B.J. Conlin. 2003. Economic value of timely detection of an unexpected decrease in estrous detection. Journal of Dairy Science. Accepted.

De Vries, A. and B.J. Conlin. 2003. Design and performance of statistical process control charts applied to estrous detection efficiency. Journal of Dairy Science 86:1970-1984.

De Vries, A. Monitoring pregnancy rate with statistical process control charts. ISVEE 10, Vina del Mar, Chile, November 2003. Accepted.

Butler, B.L. and A. de Vries. 2003. Seasonality of productive life of dairy cows in Florida and Georgia. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 86, Suppl. 1, 54.

De Vries, A. 2003. Early detection of a change in pregnancy rate. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 86, Suppl. 1, 169.

Ely, L.O., A. de Vries, R.G. Giesy. 2003. Financial performance of dairies in Florida and Georgia in 2001. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 86, Suppl. 1, 358.

De Araujo, A.E.M. and A. de Vries. 2003. Ranking of dairy farms based on economic measures per cwt milk sold and per cwt milk equivalent. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 86, Suppl. 1, 358.


GEORGIA

De Araujo, A.E.M., A. de Vries, R.G. Giesy, L.O. Ely, and D.W. Webb. Ranking of dairy farms based on economic measures per CWT milk sold and per CWT milk equivalent. Journal of Dairy Science. Submitted October, 2003.

De Vries, A., R. Giesy, L. Ely, D. Webb, A. Andreasen, B. Broaddus, P. Miller, T. Seawright, C. Vann and A. deAraujo. 2002. Dairy Business Analysis Project: 2000 Financial Summary. AN135, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida.

DeVries, A., R. Giesy, L. Ely, A. DeAraujo, A. Andreasen, B. Broaddus, S. Eubanks, D. Mayo, P. Miller, T. Seawright and C. Vann. 2003. Dairy Business Analysis Project: 2001 Financial Summary. AN136, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida.

DeVries, A., R. Giesy, L. Ely, A. DeAraujo, A. Andreasen, B. Broaddus, S. Eubanks, D. Mayo, P. Miller, T. Seawright, and C. Vann. 2003. Dairy Business Analysis Project: Financial Summary for 1995-2001. DS 174, University of Florida Extension.

Ely, L.O., A. de Vries, R.G. Giesy. 2003. Financial performance of dairies in Florida and Georgia in 2001. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 86, Suppl. 1, 358.

Gilson, W.D., J.W. Smith, L.O. Ely, A.M. Chapa and S. Chandrasekaram. 2002. DAIRYMAP: Evaluating Dairy Management (Mastitis Module) National Mastitis Council Annual Proceedings 2002, p. 206.

Smith, J.W., L.O. Ely, W.M. Graves, and W.D. Gilson. 2002. Effect of milking frequency on DHI performance measures. J. Dairy Science 85:3526-3533.

Somda, Zana, J.R. Allison, L.O. Ely, G.L. Newton, and M.E. Wetzstein. 2003. Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Dairy Manure Utilization for Year Round Crop Production. J. Southern Agricultural Economic Association.

INDIANA

McKee, C.A., S.D. Eicher, E.A. Pajor and T.R. Johnson. The effects of supplemental ascorbic acid and beta-glucan on immune function, growth and behavior of neonatal calves. JDS-03-0005. R3

Daniels, K.J., J.R. Townsend, S.S. Donkin, and E.A. Pajor. 2003. Behaviors of transition dairy cows and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 81(Suppl. 1). J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 86(Suppl. 1). Abstr. #W228.
pg. 352.

Daniels, K.J., J.R. Townsend, S.S. Donkin, S.D. Eicher, A.G. Fahey, and M.M. Schutz. 2003. The effect of prepartum milking on the health and well-being of first calf heifers. J. Dairy Sci. Midwestern section 86(Suppl. 2). (Abstr. 86).

Eicher, S.D., T.A. Johnson. K.A. McMunn, and T.R. Johnson. Toll-like receptor and acute phase cytokine expression in neonatal dairy calves immunology workshop.

Eicher, S.D., J.A. Patterson, C.W. Wilcox, T.A. Johnson, and M.M. Schutz. Thermal imagining indications of elevated body temperatures during a Salmonella Dublin challenge. CRAWF.

Eicher, S.D., T.R. Johnson, and K.A. McMunn. 2003. In vitro modulation by beta-glucan and ascorbic acid of blood leukocyte toll-like receptor and acute phase cytokine expression. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 81(Suppl. 1)Abstr. #59.

Rekhis, J. and T.R. Johnson. 2003. Nitrogen retention and apparent digestibility of diets differing in concentration of soybean hulls fed to growing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. Midwestern Section 81:Suppl. 2. Abstr. 291.

Kuldau, G.A. and C.P. Woloshuk. 2002. Screening for mycotoxins in silage. Proceedings of the Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference. Fort Wayne, IN. pg. 35-37.

Donkin, S.S. 2002. Rumen protected choline: potential for improved health and production in dairy cows. Proceedings of the Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference. Fort Wayne, IN. pg. 55-65.

Daniels, K.J., J.R. Townsend, S.S. Donkin, S.D. Eicher, A.G. Fahey and M.M. Schutz. 2003. The effect of prepartum milking on the production, health and well being of first calf heifers. Graduate student poster contest of the Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference. Fort Wayne, IN.

IOWA

Hammer, C.J., J.D. Quigley, L. Ribeiro, and H.D. Tyler. 2003. Characterization of a colostrums replacer containing IgG concentrate and growth factors. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):21.

Riddle, A.L., H.D. Tyler, and J.D. Quigley. 2003. Relationship between placental characteristics, delivery parameters and placental retention. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):145.

Riddle, A.L., and H.D. Tyler. 2003. Factors affecting postpartum placental blood volume. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):243.

Riddle, A.L., H.D. Tyler, M.L. O?Brien, K.J. Touchette, and J.A. Coalson. 2003. The absorption of immunoglobulins from a plasma-based IgG supplement. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):246.

Booth, J.A., H.D. Tyler, and J.D. Quigley III. 2003. Effect of various levels of crude fiber and form of diet on rumen development in calves. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):136.

KANSAS

DeFrain, J.M., J.E. Shirley, K.C. Behnke, E.C. Titgemeyer, and R.T. Ethington. 2002. Development and Evaluation of a Pelleted Feedstuff Containing Condensed Corn Steep Liquor and Raw Soybean Hulls for Dairy Cattle Diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, Vol. 107:75-86.

Meyer, M.J., J.F. Smith, J.P. Harner III, J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, and M.J. Brouk. 2002. Performance of Lactating Dairy Cattle in Three Different Cooling Systems. Amer. Soc. of Ag. Eng. Vol. 18(3):341-345.

Wickersham, E.E., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, M.J. Brouk, J.M. DeFrain, A.F. Park, D.E. Johnson, and R.T. Ethington. 2003. Response of Lactating Dairy Cows to Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed or a Raw Soybean Hull-Corn Steep Liquor Pellet. J. Dairy Sci. (submitted).

Hammond, A., J.E. Shirley, M.V. Scheffel, E.C. Titgemeyer, and J.S. Stevenson. 2003. Performance of dairy heifers fed high forage diets supplemented with bambermycins, lasalocid, or monensin. ADSA Midwest Section:278.

Miller, W.F., J.E. Shirley, E.G. Titgemeyer, M.J. Brouk, and M.V. Scheffel. 2003. Comparative value of full-fat corn germ, whole cottonseed, and tallow as energy sources for lactating dairy cows. ADSA Midwest Section:340.

Miller, W.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, A.K. Hammond, M.V. Burgos, and M.V. Scheffel. 2003. Comparison of three fresh cow feeding programs. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 86(Suppl. 1):416.

Shirley, J.E. 2003. Ruminal response to diet and dry matter intake changes during the transition period. ADSA Midwest Section:45.

Burkitt, E.L., J.E. Shirley, W.F. Miller, M.V. Scheffel, and E.C. Titgemeyer. 2003. Effect of two new teat dip preparations on teat condition, somatic cell count, and incidence of mastitis under natural exposure. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress.

Miller, W.F., J.E. Shirley, E.C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, M.V. Burgos, A.K. Hammond, and M.V. Scheffel. 2003. Comparison of three fresh cow feeding programs. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress.

Shirley, J.E. 2003. Transition cow nutrient and management. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress.

Stevenson, J.F., J.E. Shirley. 2003. Increasing milking frequency in fresh cows: milk characteristics and reproductive performance. KSU Dairy Day Report of Progress.

LOUISIANA

Williams, C.C., I.A. Norris, C.C. Stanley, L.R. Gentry, D.L. Thompson, Jr., H.G. Bateman, and D.T. Gantt. 2003. Growth hormone, insulin, and glucose responses to infusion of amino acids in developing dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):310.

MICHIGAN

Peterson, A.B., and D.K. Beede. 2002. Periparturient responses of multiparous Holstein cows to varying prepartum dietary phosphorus. J. Dairy Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):1878.

MINNESOTA

None

NEBRASKA

None

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Robblee, E.D., P.S. Erickson, N.L. Whitehouse, A.M. McLaughlin, C.G. Schwab, J.J. Rejman, and R.E. Rompala. 2002. Supplemental lactoferrin improves health and growth of Holstein calves during the preweaning phase. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1458-1464.

OHIO

Noftsger, S.M., N.R. St-Pierre, S.K.R. Karnati, and J.L. Firkins. 2003. Effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) on microbial growth, VFA production, and nutrient digestion in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2629-2636.

St-Pierre, N.R. 2003. Reassessment of biases in predicted nitrogen flows to the duodenum by NRC 2001. J. Dairy Sci. 86:344-350.

Noftsger, S., and N.R. St-Pierre. 2003. Supplementation of methionine and selection of highly digestible rumen undegradable protein to improve nitrogen efficiency for milk production., J. Dairy Sci. 86:958-969.

St-Pierre, N.R., B. Cobanov, and G. Schnitkey. 2003. Economic losses from heat stress by U.S. livestock industries. J. Dairy Sci. 86(E. Suppl.):E52-E77.


PENNSYLVANIA

Gabler, M.T., and A.J. Heinrichs. 2003. Dietary protein to metabolizable energy ratios on feed efficiency and structural growth of prepubertal Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 86:268-274.

Gabler, M.T., and A.J. Heinrichs. 2003. Effects of increasing dietary protein on nutrient utilization in heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2170-2177.

Gabler, M.T., and A.J. Heinrichs. 2003. Altering soluble and potentially degradable protein for prepubertal Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2122-2130.

Heinrichs, A.J., C.M. Jones, and B.S. Heinrichs. 2003. Effect of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics in neonatal dairy calf diets on health and growth. J. Dairy Sci. 86:in press.

Gehamn, A.M., A.J. Heinrichs, M.R. Long, and K.E. Lesmeister. 2003. The effect of amylase on rumen development in neonatal dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):342.

Heinrichs, A.J., C.M. Jones, L.R. VanRoekel, and M.A. Fowler. 2003. CalfTrack: a system of dairy calf workforce management, training, and evaluation and health evaluation. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):115.

Kononoff, P.J., A.J. Heinrichs, and M.T. Gabler. 2003. The effect of nitrogen and forage source on feed efficiency and structural growth of prepubertal Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):307.

Zanton, G.I., and A.J. Heinrichs. 2003. Altering protein degradability and solubility on rumen fermentation, blood urea nitrogen, and nitrogen balance in 16-18 month-old heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):22.

Tozer, P. and J. Heinrichs. 2003. Don?t let heifer costs eat your profit. Hoard?s Dairyman. 148:139.

Heinrichs, J. and C. Jones. 2003. How the young calf?s stomach change. Hoard?s Dairyman. 148:390.

Jones, C. and J. Heinrichs. 2003. Why colostrums is so important. Hoard?s Dairyman. 148:468-469.

Jones, C. and J. Heinrichs. 2003. How much milk should you feed your calves? Hoard?s Dairyman. 148:652.

Tozer, P.R., F. Bargo, and L.D. Muller. 2002. Economic analysis of high yielding dairy cows under different feeding systems combining pasture, total mixed ration and concentrate. J. Dairy Sci. 86:808-818.

Edwards, J.L. and P.R. Tozer. 2002. Using activity and milk yield as predictors of fresh cow disorders. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):55.

Stokes, J.R. and P.R. Tozer. 2002. Cost minimization and soil nutrient loading: conflict or compromise? Can. J. Ag. Econ. 50:151-169.

Tozer, P. and J. Heinrichs. 2003. Go for the biggest bang when reducing replacement costs. Hoard?s Dairyman. March 20. 203.

Gabler, M., P. Tozer, V. Ishler, and J. Heinrichs. 2003. Don?t overlook manure handling costs. Hoard?s Dairyman. April 25. 328.

SOUTH DAKOTA

DeFrain, J.M., A.R. Hippen, K.F. Kalscheur, and D.J. Schingoethe. 2003. Lactose in dairy cow diets increases ruminal butyrate proportions resulting in an increase plasma ?-hydroxybutyrate in late lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Abstr.).

Harvey, A.M., A.R. Hippen. 2003. A comparison of methods for on-farm determination of failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulin to dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):abstr.

Hippen, A.R., K.N. Linke, K.F. Kalscheur, D.J. Schingoethe, and A.D. Garcia. 2003. Increased concentrations of wet corn distillers grains in dairy cow diets. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):abstr.

Linke, K.N., D.J. Schingoethe, K.F. Kalscheur, A.R. Hippen, D.R. Rennich, and I. Yoon. 2003. Production efficiency of mid-lactation dairy cows fed yeast culture in summer. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):219r.

DeFrain, J.M., A.R. Hippen, K.F. Kalscheur, and P.W. Jardon. 2003. Feeding glycerol to transition dairy cows: Effects on dry matter intake, milk production, and blood metabolites. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):104.

Kalscheur, K.F., A.D. Garcia, A.R. Hippen, and D.J. Schingoethe. 2003. Fermentation characteristics of ensiling wet corn distillers grains in combination with corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):211.

TEXAS

Tomaszewski, M.A., M.A. de Haan, J.A. Thompson, and E.R. Jordan. 2003. The impact of cooling ponds in north central Texas on milk production and culling. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1).

VIRGINIA

Jones, C.M., R.E. James, J.D. Quigley, III, and M.L. McGilliard. 2003. Influence of pooled colostrums replacement on IgG and evaluation of animal plasma in milk replacer. J. Dairy Sci. Submitted.

James, R.E. and S. Bascom. 2003. Contemporary issues in replacement heifer management. Intermountain Nutrition Conference. January 21-23. Salt Lake City, UT.

James, R.E. 2003. How can we best work together to serve tomorrow?s dairy industry? Research and undergraduate instruction. 2003 Annual Mtg. ADSA/ASAS. Symposium sponsored by Southern Branch of ADSA.

James, R.E. 2003. Milking and managing Jerseys profitably: Cows, heifers, and calves. Jersey Bottomline #2. Field day sponsored by American Jersey Cattle Association, Lodi, WI. August 26.