Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

NC1179 The 2014 Fall meeting was held on Oct 21 and 22, 2014 at the NOAA Training Center in Kansas City, MO. Meeting opened at 9 AM on Tuesday, Oct 21. Attendees: Adnan Akyuz (North Dakota State University, via conference call), Karen Garrett (Kansas State), Patrcik Guinan (University of Missouri), Xiaomao Lin (Kansas State University) Joanne Logan (University of Tennessee), Abel Ponce de Leon (Admin Advisor), Brenda Ortiz (Auburn University), Michael Ransom (Kansas State University), Dennis Todey (South Dakota Stat University), Sridhar Venkataramana (Virginia Tech) Introductions Review of 2013 minutes – DID WE FORMALLY VOTES TO APPROVE? I’m not sure we did because we didn’t have a quorum? Due to the low turnout of participants for this meeting, Dennis suggested the need to have webinars are something between our meetings to keep in touch. Abel reported that we don't collaborate enough. Joanne and Dennis will work on this. We will create a list of possible speakers, platform to use, best time to offer. Karen believes that relevant experiment stations should be acknowledged in our publications. Abel reported 100 million dollars in farm bill - 36 million for competitive grants/ Perhaps NC1179 group should need to attempt to write grants - lots of angles that we could explore. Karen stated that our annual reports should highlight which pubs have acknowledged the NC1179. Karen did the last one and basically just stitched together all the state reports. This time it needs to emphasize the collaboration. Karen used game theory to describe our situation. There are no consequences for not participating: no stick or carrot so we just drift. Doug Kluck of NOAA visited and hopes we keep in touch with NOAA. He reviewed the status of the climate hubs and RISAs. Climate hubs - all USDA. Ryan Boyles in Southeast Climate Hub – Raleigh, NC. We should contact Steve McNulty in Raleigh because they are looking for connections. May have monies, connections. Climate hubs are still trying to contact folks and figure out who they are and what their role is. Each university is supposed to have a representative. Chunks of money available. Climate hubs are housed in ARS, NRCS and Forest service. Their mission is to bring climate info to the public in an applied way to put to good use all the climate data we have. NIFA is behind this, too. RISA NOAA. TN is in Southern Region. Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program. LSU, UO, TX A&M, NDMC. Southernclimate.org Dept of Interior Climate Science Centers. They have research funds. Landscape conservation cooperatives - more related to wildlife. NCDC regional climate centers are coming up for bid again. Current folks are going to put in as one grant, but all six centers. No changing regions. The request for proposals is open to anyone who wants to put in a bid, but it’s hard to imagine the ones currently in place getting beat out. HPRCC and MWRCC have been instrumental to folks in our group - very Ag based. They have annual meetings where they invite the major players, such as the important Feds. Sometimes even EPA. Not just climate research, but outreach, too. Jim Angel at Illinois has the North Central database. Serially complete dataset for each county of daily temp, ppt, SR, soil and crop data, 1971-2008. Coop data. There have been some changes by NCDC - updated? Gridded dataset that have a number of atmospheric data from some of the same time period. Software program helps fill in for missing data and estimates solar radiation data. This was not highlighted in our new proposal. Now our group is more dispersed and not all from North Central Region, but maybe we should pursue this is we can get a quick pub that clearly shows collaboration. Doug reminded us that drought preparedness means looking at groundwater more intensely. Maybe we need some folks from this discipline added to our project. Soil temperature, solar rad, etc now have a long enough record that we could provide climatologies, especially if hourly. Format change has occurred. May be difficult to continue updating with the new format. Should talk to regional climate center and ask them to maintain it. Temporally and spatially complete. Back to the new proposal. Everyone needs to look at what you to promised to happen. We've already done this. We do share info but we don't have any official evidence of this. Maybe we could produce combined maps among the states which are showing ET, soil temp, etc. ? Sharing Mesonet data among other states will help. There is a tendency to publish just under our own names. How do we benefit from data published elsewhere? It’s difficult to get mesonets to share data. Baby steps – they might be willing to share some of the data, such as soil T. Abel emphasized that the reason for regional projects is to try to overcome problems such as sharing Mesonet or other private data. However, obstacles arise when there are no funds, no motivation, etc. but we are not in this to make money. Sri suggested that participant states could come up with regional modeling, such as climate change scenarios. Dennis reminded us that a subgroup of us are modelers. Modeling was part of original goal - provide data to feed the models. Now we have additional research and outreach areas such as climate change. Website to share what we are working on would be helpful. Abel asked if maybe the Climate change hub could host our website? They are looking for collaborators and evidence that they are collaborating. Last 5 years. U2U, mesonets, impacts/survey, disease models - Pat and Dennis agreed to work on this; couple of pages 2013-2014 report and minutes: Brief summary of the minutes, but also accomplishments and impacts. Help justify the need for multistate research. Abel stated that all we owe is the 5th year report because we have not been terminated. Therefore, we do not have to write a comprehensive 5 year report. Timeline Dennis and Adnan – working on a disease report Rest of report - state reports and pubs Maybe we can use an online discussion to get this done? How to engage members that have not been active? Joanne Logan 1,3,4, 5 Objective 1. Joanne Climate Smart. Additional fact sheets. Train extension educators on climate. Tools to help like u2u. Agclimate4u.org. We need a plan to get folks already working on this to do something that could be an output from this committee. REACH project has a bunch of extension materials, could we just add on to theirs? Dennis – CAMEL educational materials Adnan would also like to work on objective 2 as well. Dennis suggested we provide an online webinar in a few weeks. Jeff and Steve Hu, Gerrit and Sri and Karen (LEAD) could provide an overview of models. Sri wondered how to get models to speak to each other? There needs to be a unified, mosaic approach. Intercomparison of crop models ET components. Change them in the crop models. Tool such as a growing degree day tool. Sri is the LEAD. Regional data - Pat LEAD Dennis, Adnan, Jeff, Jim, Xiaomao Tools WEBSITE or is there another website that already has them? Joanne asked about tools or apps, down the road new tools and what the gaps are. Are we making whole new tools? Do we post on website with rating? Dennis gave an example of a useful degree day app. Insects are degree day driven. How to connect with insects? How to incorporate GCM output? Karen spoke about the need for dew point records because dew point impact disease. Disease incidence data. Increased wetness in the morning. Crop disease dataset. Other ideas for data that shows collaboration: (Can go on the website) Historic Ppt and temp trends by climate divisions or whole state Change in dew points Extreme events, break down by seasons Impacts on specific sectors such as wetlands, crops, construction, soil erosion, cover crops, movement of corn belt, pan evap rates Example one on El Niño Growing season Changes in field work days, cloudy days, has wet the soil is Projected changes, climate models, national climate assessments ARS even without climate change, CO2 differential responses for crops, esp weeds like kudzu. Soybean rusts overwinter on kudzu. Action plan. Karen would be willing to be the point person for potential models for compassion, but only if she does not serve as chair 2014-15. Fact sheets where to be found, where the holes are. Dennis will LEAD. Climate impacts - positive and negative. Have a section on evaluation. Laura and Julie Dahl Michigan State - climate change education, climate & Ag. Analytics on the website and fact sheets Plan a meeting time to update folks. Webinar? Present info from this meeting. Certified crop consultants - audience for Climate Smart. Even college classes - modules about agroclimate info. Objective 4 not well defined. A couple of years ago attitudes about climate. U2u sustainablecorn.org get this survey. NASS sent a link out. On a watershed basis. Could link with zip code and watershed. Abel stated that we need to be promoters of change and pay attention to issues. Climate action plan for the experiment stations. What are the basic elements of a plan? Consortium of experiment stations. AFRI 2015 proposal. Abel suggested we invite industry. Big data management. certified crop consultants. Problem Finding industry partners that want to partner. Ready to use anything we provide them but no sharing. Their stuff is all proprietary. How to identify business partners? Even when we apply for grants. Sri gave an example about irrigation companies. What is the existing infrastructure and will it need to be changed? Same with utility companies. Conference call with climate hub staff: Jennifer Moore Myers (IS THIS THE CORRECT NAME??) Southeast, Jerry Hatfield Midwest, Justin Derner Northern Plains Climate Hub. What do they have going on that we can help with? What do we have to offer? How to interact? Each one is taking a slightly different path. We should provide them with a summary of what we are doing. Karen presented our objective. One of our Milestones is to how best integrate with climate hubs. Jerry provided an overview of the climate hubs and their mission. Jennifer still trying to make the right connections with all the user needs. Data needs. Tool assessment. 40 attributes per tool so quite robust - we don't have to do this anymore! SE hub make these available to landowners. Maybe we can help with the reviews. Gaps. Etc. good synergy here. NRCS has a new soil health imitative. How to look at on the ground adaptation measures? Peer to peer exchanges of knowledge such as field days. Working lands - Ag and forestry. There is an immediate need for a vulnerability assessment for each hub region. Major holdings such as Tennessee row crops, small farms, livestock, turfgrass. Justin reported that all his states have some sort of a climate team formed. Need to link better - sharing info, tools, etc. Brenda reported on the southeast climate consortium. They host conference calls - we could participate to explain our program and how we can collaborate. Joanne will send them a list of participants, they will send us their list. Blogs - can used to highlight other activities. Everyone in 1179 can blog. They will link our website to theirs and vice versa. Meeting adjourned at 12:00 CDT Oct 22, 2014

The University of Florida (Fraisse) organized and delivered several activities aimed at increasing the climate literacy of stakeholders. Together with collaborators in the Southeast Climate Extension project (http://www.agroclimate.org/seclimate/) we organized the Southern Region Extension Climate Academy (SRECA). More than 100 Extension professionals gathered in Athens, GA from 14 different southern states for an innovative Climate Extension training opportunity from September 3 to 5, 2014. Participants learned about management options and communication strategies for more resilient crop, forest, livestock, and coastal systems. The planning team from these projects designed and facilitated a three-day program that aimed to 1. Support Extension professionals in the application of climate science and stakeholder engagement methods for developing place-based adaptation and mitigation options that support more resilient crop, forest, livestock, and coastal systems in the Southeastern USA; and 2. Build an alumni network of innovative leaders in Extension who are knowledgeable on key climate science basics, skilled in stakeholder engagement strategies, capable of being state or local resources, and can share ideas with others regionally through exchanging innovative program ideas and outreach materials. The Univ. of Florida also organized the third Climate Adaptation Exchange workshop featuring climate outlooks and management strategies for increased climate-resilience and improved efficiency in production systems. It took place in Blackville, SC on August 12, 2014 and about 70 participants, including producers, Extension, researchers, and others attended the workshop. This workshop also aims at integrating the research and extension communities. Other educational events during 2014 included several presentations during commodity oriented extension activities. The University of Florida continues to improve the web-based climate information and decision support system (http://AgroClimate.org). A map-based tool for exploring climate variability across the U.S. was developed under the Southeast Climate Extension project and is now available on AgroClimate.org. This allows decision makers to pinpoint the combinations of location and month in which there are substantial ENSO-associated rainfall or temperature anomalies. Learning about the times of year to expect ENSO-driven climate impacts can be an important first step for decision makers to develop management adjustments that could make the most positive outcomes based on the available climate information. We also have begun a series of educational videos about climate science and the management solutions that can improve climate resilience. These short videos provide an excellent learning opportunity for Extension, producers, and anyone interested in agriculture in a changing environment. The University of Florida developed mobile phone applications to help agricultural producers in Florida monitor production risks related to water stress and pests and diseases. A mobile app was developed under the Strawberry Advisory System (SAS) project to help growers monitor Anthracnose and Botrytis fruit rot risk. It is currently available for iOS systems and an Android version will be developed in 2015. The University of Florida has been actively involved in the USDA South East Regional Climate Hub (SERCH) conference calls designed to understand the needs for climate information in the region and define priorities. We plan to continue to engage with the hub leadership and integrate Florida activities in the regional plans being defined. We are also participating in the “Agriculture and Climate Variability” eXtension Learning Network project in the Southeastern and Northeastern United States to provide the perspective of agricultural crops and share our experience with stakeholders in Florida. We conducted for two days in mid-July, 2014 a risk management roundtable with eight members of the Federation of Southern Cooperatives Land Assistance Fund. Purpose of the meeting was to identify ways to integrate climate within risk management and develop a common framework for future collaborative work with the federation. Cornell University (Gadoury) has extensively studied minimum chilling requirements of perennial fruit crops, but little is known of how the degree and depth of winter chilling affects synchronization of host regrowth upon emergence from dormancy. The European grapevine species (Vitis vinifera) was a useful model system for studying the interactions between chilling, asynchronous phenology, development of ontogenic resistance, and the consequent risk of disease. Mean temperature of the three winter months ranged from -4.1 to 11.8C among 15 sites on 3 continents, and was associated with duration of bloom at each site: 2 d at the coldest sites, and > 2 wks at the warmest sites. This 7-fold increase in the duration of bloom directly translated to protracted susceptibility due to delayed development of ontogenic resistance to major fungal pathogens, including Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola. Downstream effects of asynchronous bloom such as asynchronous ripening and sugar accumulation were also recorded. Asynchronous regrowth following unusually warm winters has been noted in grapevine, apple, and stone fruits. This asynchrony will likely increase the risk of disease in many pathosystems typified by phenology-defined windows of susceptibility. Bloom is an easily monitored phenological event that can be used to quantify the impact of winter chilling on the degree of asynchrony in perennial fruit crops. Once the relationship between winter temperatures and the duration of bloom is determined for a perennial fruit crop, the impact of climate change on the foregoing can be projected by examining these interactions across existing climatic gradients. We developed a simple model for grapevine which described the duration of bloom, and therefore the degree of asynchrony in development of ontogenic resistance based upon average temperatures of the winter months. The model has direct applications to gauge the increased risk of disease based upon projected changes in winter temperatures due to climate change. The University of Tennessee (Logan) was not part of the NC 1018 database, but has been focused on two major areas of research under some of the committee objectives including water sustainability and chilling requirements for major horticultural crops in Tennessee. Research outcomes focused on climate adaptation in agricultural and urban environments have been presented at a development symposium as well as to county extension agents in the form of an extension webinar. In addition, research outcomes focused on climate variability and climate change effects are highlighted on the Tennessee Climate Services website. Additionally, a University of Tennessee Extension webinar about Climate Smart Agriculture was developed and included in online extension training in Feb, 2014. It covered topics in climate mitigation and adaptation related to agriculture and natural resources. Tennessee's target audience includes all Tennesseans with an interest in weather and climate or who need climate data or services. Clients include UTIA researchers and graduate students, researchers at other universities, government agencies, ORNL scientists, farmers, consultants, and private companies. Texas A&M University (Xue) focused research on three crops for objective one: corn, wheat and sorghum. Corn is the major irrigated crop in the North Texas High Plains and irrigation uses 53% of the entire water budget annually (1.43 million ac-ft, 1 ac-ft = 325,851 gallons) in the region. However, the declining water table along irrigation pumping restrictions by water districts will challenge the sustainable corn production. We have evaluated new drought tolerant corn hybrids at 3 irrigation levels (100%, 75% and 50% ET) in the North Texas High Plains. Three-year field study indicated that it is possible to maintain 200 bu/ac of yield at irrigation level of 75% ET requirement with some new hybrids. This irrigation level can allow irrigation water savings over 20% or 5 inches. Also, water use efficiency is generally maximized as well. In the north Texas Panhandle, saving irrigation just 1 inch/ac/year on all the regional corn acreage would result in a total water savings of nearly 40,000 ac-ft or 13 billion gallons. The overall economic return will be easily multiplied adding the savings in pumping and other production costs. For wheat, drought stress is the single most important factor for reducing yields and water use efficiency (WUE) in the US Southern Great Plains. Developing drought tolerant wheat cultivars is a critical strategy for wheat management under water- limited conditions. As such, our goal is to provide selection tools for breeders and geneticists and management tools for producers, through better understanding the physiological mechanisms of crop performance under drought stress conditions. Field experiments have been continuously conducted under various soil water regimes in different genotypes. Our multiple- year field studies indicated that biomass at anthesis is important to maintain high yield under drought in the Southern High Plains. Selecting cultivars with higher biomass and greater early vigor may be beneficial to wheat management in the area. We further found that newer cultivars such as TAM 111 and TAM 112 use soil water more efficiently than a relative older cultivar, TAM 105. Apparently, the breeding advancement has improved effective use of soil water under water limited conditions. In a greenhouse study, we are able to better understand the differences in physiological mechanisms to respond to drought between TAM 111 and TAM 112. For field phenotyping evaluation, we found that cooler canopy contributed to higher yield in new drought tolerant cultivars, and spectral reflectance data can be used to characterize genotypic variation in wheat genotypes. Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) can cause over $10 million economic losses in wheat in the Texas High Plains. A common question for producers is that what is the critical developmental stage when WSMV infestation has no effect on biomass and yield in wheat. In addition, little is known about the effects of WSWV on physiological response, WUE and root function. Our results indicated that WSMV infestation at as late as booting still reduces biomass and yield. WSMV infestation considerably reduced root growth, which significantly limited plants to extract soil water and potentially decreased WUE. WSMV is transmitted by wheat curl mites (WCM). Identification of genes resistance to both WSMV and WCM is important for developing new wheat varieties. Collaborating with wheat geneticist (Dr. Shuyu Liu) and plant pathologist (Dr. Charlie Rush), we found that cultivar TAM 112 has a high level of resistance to wheat curl mite. Further, a WCM resistance gene named CmcTAM112 has been identified and located on the chromosome 6DS. Wsm2 is a WSMV resistance gene. Using a set of 217 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from CO960293-2 and TAM 111crosses, SNP markers linked Wsm2 and drought tolerance have been identified. These newly developed diagnostic SNP markers are being applied to marker-assisted selection for Wsm2 in several breeding programs in the High Plains, including Texas. Sorghum. The U.S. energy development program aims at increasing the energy supply from renewable resources. At present, lignocellulosic biomass has been suggested as viable feedstock for ethanol production in the U.S. Therefore, the demands of dedicated bioenergy crops will be increased to produce high quality lignocellulosic materials. High biomass and photoperiod-sensitive sorghum (PSS) has been identified as a potential bioenergy crop. We have conducted multiple-year field studies and evaluated the feasibility of high biomass sorghum hybrids under different soil water regimes. Although high biomass yield required full irrigation, the biomass sorghum still could achieve high yields (up to 8 t/ac) under limited irrigation. The biomass sorghum may produce biomass yields up to 6 t/ac under dryland conditions with about 8-in seasonal rainfall. Although PSS can be grown under both limited irrigation and dryland conditions, limited irrigation may be more attractive for sustaining higher biomass yield and supplies in PSS given the large variation of seasonal rainfall in the Texas High Plains. The Illinois State Climatologist (Angel) continued to identify and monitor climate and weather impacts in the agriculture sector in Illinois during the 2014 growing season, including the cold winter, wet spring, cool summer, and dry fall. That information was communicated to the public through the media, blog posts, Twitter feed, as well as over 30 public talks. The Illinois State Climatologist collaborated with the Illinois State Water Survey and the Midwestern Regional Climate Center to integrate the Illinois Climate Network into an operational regional mesonet. Worked with the USDA U2U project out of Purdue University to understand how agriculture producers use climate and weather information, as well as develop new tools such as a Growing Degree Day planning tool. Purdue University (Prokopy and Doering) led the Useful to Usable project (U2U) in developing and releasing four new agro-climate decision support tools (DSTs) in 2013-14, and two additional tools are slated for 2015. These tools were developed based on outcomes from U2U social science research and crop/climate data analysis and modeling, and with direct input from regional stakeholders. All tools are free and publically available at AgClimate4U.org. AgClimate ViewDST provides convenient access to customized historical climate and crop yield data for the Corn Belt. View and download graphs of monthly temperatures and precipitation, plot corn and soybean yield trends, and compare climate and yields over the past 30 years. Corn GDDDST allows you to track real-time and historical growing degree day (GDD) accumulations, assess spring and fall frost risk, and guide decisions related to planting, harvest, and seed selection. This innovative tool integrates corn development stages with weather and climate data for location-specific decision support tailored specifically to agricultural production. Climate Patterns ViewerDST helps you determine how global climate patterns like the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) have historically affected local climate conditions across the Corn Belt. Corn Split NDST can be used to determine the feasibility and profitability of using post-planting nitrogen application for corn production. The tool combines historical data on crop growth and fieldwork conditions with economic considerations to determine best/worst/most likely scenarios of successfully completing nitrogen applications within a user-specified time period. Purdue University et al. U2U Social Science Working Group has successfully completed the following 2014 activities: Fifty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted from December 2013 – April 2014 with agricultural advisors in Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska to improve our understanding about how attitudes and perceptions are formed in an individual and to gauge advisors’ readiness to use climate information. Twenty corn farmers and nine advisors were surveyed in 2013-14 in the Maple River watershed in Michigan to help us understand climate information diffusion within the agricultural community. Twelve in-depth follow-up interviews were conducted in 2014 with selected respondents to understand how advisors adjust delivery of climate information to clients with differing levels of concerns about climate change. As Co-Director of Michigan’s Enviro-weather mesonet and information system, Michigan State University (Andresen) worked collaboratively with Pat Guinan (MO), Beth Hall (Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC), and others in the development of a regional data product based on data collected from regional mesonets in the Midwest Region ( the Regional Mesonets And Partners Project (ReMAPP). Data from this project is available from a web site hosted by MRCC: mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/cliwatch/mesonets/soilTemp.html). Efforts continue in the development and evaluation of technologies to integrate and apply the detailed environmental data collected by the project’s various mesonet systems, including the development of a mesonet protocol that will guide and help standardize data monitoring, collection, and quality control efforts within the individual networks. Michigan State University completed modeling work for corn for three spatial scales for the historical 1981-2012 time frame across a 12-state Midwestern USA domain: 1) Individual single sites (based on historical observations at 18 sites across the domain), 2) NARR 32 km resolution gridded modeling across the study domain, and 3) LIS 4 km resolution gridded modeling across the study domain. The simulated yields for all three spatial scales were in general agreement with detrended observed county yields obtained from USDA NASS. In general, the model tended to overestimate yields in favorable years and underestimate yields in poor years. The spatial resolution of the simulations was found to impact the estimated yields, with lower average yields for the 4km gridded simulations (7.8 t/ha) versus the point-based simulations (8.8 t/ha) and the 32km simulations (9.3 t/ha). Mean water stress in the gridded simulations was less than in the point simulations despite less overall precipitation and more frequent rainfall during the growing season for the gridded data. The relatively lower yields with the 4 km simulations were associated primarily with warmer growing season minimum temperatures and a resulting reduction of the duration of the grain filling stage of the crop. North Dakota State University (Akyuz) conducted 57 media contacts, 5 k-12 interactions in elementary and secondary classrooms, and 12 invited presentations on weather and climate issues pertaining to the state and the region in the upper Midwest of the US. Through the outreach activities, the NDSU interacted with local farmers, agricultural commodity groups, and businesses on weather and climate impact on local agriculture. The University of Kentucky (Van Sanford) conducted two active warming studies using heating cables to increase the temperature of the rhizosphere in two sets of winter wheat genotypes. A temperature differential of 5 degrees Celsius between the control and warmed treatments was maintained with a programmed data logger. Soil temperature and moisture were measured through the growing season, and numerous agronomic and nitrogen use traits including plant biomass, grain yield, root biomass, harvest index, nitrogen harvest index, heading anthesis and maturity dates were measured. Overall, warming accelerated heading and maturity, reduced height, yield, N utilization efficiency and overall N use efficiency. The Kentucky Mesonet is run out of the Kentucky Climate Center at Western Kentucky University (WKU). The University of Kentucky initiated a website in collaboration with climatologists at WKU that utilizes data from the KY Mesonet to provide decision support tools to stakeholders. Agricultural specialists from the University of Kentucky provide input into stakeholder problems and needs. Our group met with stakeholders to assess these needs so that relevant tools could be built. The process of tool building has just been initiated. Kansas State University (Ransom, Roozeboom, Lin and Holman) demonstrated the relatively greater importance of basic agronomic practices vs. over-the-top inputs to maximize soybean yield in variable and challenging environments. We showed that subsurface drip irrigation is an effective tool for efficiently delivering water and nitrogen to a corn crop at optimal timing relative to plant need. We documented that cover crop water use depends more on biomass production and species water use efficiency than it does on species complexity of cover crop mixtures. We summarized yield data indicating that cover crops can positively influence sorghum yield in a no-till cropping system provided the C:N ratio of cover crop residues are managed appropriately. Our project measured soil water use efficiency of various crop rotations in a semi-arid climate and quantified cover crops and fallow precipitation storage efficiency. A quality-improved ag-weather station network in Kansas was enhanced in 2014. Online weather data is available on the website (www.mesonet.ksu.edu). In addition, the Kansas current and historical drought assessment will be available soon on this website. We enhanced the ag-climate products by using Kansas Mesonet weather data for Kansas citizens. Our project integrated Kansas climate, soil, and crop information (long-terms) into a data set that serves as a long-term drought assessment tool for Kansas. We continue to work with crop scientists on crop modeling projects that need access to the various soil survey databases. Virginia Tech University (Sridhar) recently joined NC1179 but anticipated project results from Dr. Sridhar include: estimation of streamflow, soil moisture and other surface fluxes at the field scale for both historic and future climate conditions in various regions; Knowledge of how climate change could potentially affect crop yields; building synergistic collaboration and projects with scientists involved in this project. The University of Nebraka (Hu) participated in a multistate and multi-institution collaboration on estimating the CMIP5 model simulation of the 20th century climate and prediction of the 21st century climate for North America. [CMIP5 stands for “The phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project,” which provides the past and future climate data and information for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and other global, regional, and national assessments.] We used the data from multiple model simulations from the CMIP5 database. These simulations were carried out by 20 modeling groups representing more than 50 climate models with the aim of “further understanding past and future climate change in key areas of uncertainty” (Sheffield et al. 2013). Our analyses have shown that most of the models reasonably produced essential large scale precipitation features, and the bias in the multi-model ensemble mean seasonal precipitation over North America is about 12% and 21% for northern winter and summer, respectively. We also found that there are substantial differences among the models and with observations at the regional scale, such as in the region in the central Great Plains. There is generally an overestimation of precipitation in more humid and cooler regions, and an underestimation in drier regions. I was focusing on comparison of the observed and model simulated Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ). The following is a summary of our work and has been included in the publication of Sheffield et al. 2013). “An outstanding feature of the warm season (May–September) circulation in North America is the strong and channeled southerly low-level flows, or the Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ), from the Gulf of Mexico to the central United States and the Midwest (Bonner and Paegle 1970; Mitchell et al. 1995). The LLJ emerges in early May in the transition of the circulation from the cold to the warm season. It reaches its maximum strength in June and July. After August, the jet weakens and disappears in September when the cold season circulation starts to set in. While many studies have examined specific processes associated with the LLJ (Blackadar 1957; Wexler 1961; Holton 1967), such as its nocturnal peak in diurnal wind speed oscillation, as well as precipitation, the jet is a part of the seasonal circulation shaped primarily by the orographic configuration in North America, particularly the Rocky Mountain Plateau (e.g., Wexler 1961). An important climatic role of the LLJ is transporting moisture from the Gulf of Mexico to the central and eastern United States (Benton and Estoque 1954; Rasmusson 1967; Helfand and Schubert 1995; Byerle and Paegle 2003). Because the moisture is essential for development of precipitation, even though additional dynamic processes are required for the latter to happen (Veres and Hu 2013), correctly describing the LLJ and its seasonal cycle is critical for simulating and predicting warm season precipitation and climate in central North America. We analyzed the outputs from eight of the CMIP5 core models (CanESM2, CCSM4, CNRM-CM5, GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5, MPI-ESM-LR, and MRI-CGCM3) for their simulation of the LLJ. Figure 16 (presented in Sheffield et al. 2013, we made this figure) compares the spatial profile and seasonal cycle between the MME mean and the NCEP–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis in terms of the summer 925-hPa winds, the vertical structure of the summer meridional wind, and the seasonal cycle of the LLJ. While the overall features of the simulated LLJ compare well with the reanalysis results, several details differ. First of all, the models produce a peak meridional wind around 925 hPa, whereas the reanalysis result peaks around 850 hPa. This difference has little impact from the vertical resolution of the models and the reanalysis because they share the same vertical resolution below 500 hPa. For a few models that have more model levels below 500 hPa, their vertical profile of the meridional wind shows a similar peak at 925 hPa. The vertical extent of the LLJ is shallower than that shown in the reanalysis, which may be related to the peak wind being at a lower level in the troposphere. Second, the simulated LLJ extends much further northward in the Great Plains than the reanalysis. For the seasonal cycle, the models show strong southerly winds that persist from mid-May to near the end of July, whereas the reanalysis shows that the LLJ weakens substantially in early July. While these detailed differences exist, the error statistics indicated the eight models simulated the LLJ satisfactorily. The University of Nebraska further worked on analysis of those eight core models in the CMIP5 models focusing on LLJ change in the 21st century. The results have been included in the publication of Maloney et al. (2014). The University of Alaska (Zhang and Van Veldhuizen) evaluated varieties of small grains (barley, wheat, oats, rye) and Polish canola for their adaptability in Alaska climatic conditions in three locations: Fairbanks, Delta Junction, and Palmer. These varieties include: spring 6-row feed barley, 6-row hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), hard red spring wheat, (Triticum aesitivum subspecies vulgare.), common feed oat (Avena sativa L.), and oilseeds including Polish canola (Brassica campestris) and dwarf oilseed sunflower (Hellanthus annus L.) selected from northern Canadian, European and U.S. sources for testing against the standard Alaskan varieties - Otal spring feed barley, Thual hulless barley, Ingal hard red spring wheat, Toral common oat, Deltana open pollinated Polish canola and Midnight Sun-flower dwarf oilseed sunflower. The experiments were conducted in Fairbanks, Delta Junction and Palmer areas. Climatic data in these three locations were also collected. One of the major obligations of the University of Missouri Extension Climatologist (Guinan) is to direct, operate and maintain the Missouri Mesonet, a state network of automated weather stations established more than two decades ago. Observation is the backbone of climate science, and over the years a large database of environmental variables for Missouri has emerged. There are currently 31 weather stations in the network and the mesonet has provided opportunities for educational programs, teaching, research, innovation, discovery and service to communities. It has led to the development of state-of- the-art information delivery systems, including transitioning 21 weather stations to wireless telecommunication and real-time weather data dissemination for local, state, and national outlets as well as public, private and federal entities. In 2014 the University of Missouri partnered with other state mesonets in the region (ND, IA, IL, MI, IN, OH and KY) and the Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC) to establish the Regional Mesonets And Partners Project (ReMAPP), a multi-state collaboration, hosted by the MRCC, of sharing weather data from state mesonets and other operational networks. The collaborative efforts of the project over the past year has led to the development of regional data products in the Midwest, including soil temperature and potential evapotranspiration products: http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/cliwatch/mesonets/soilTemp.html The regional mesonet collaboration is expected to continue with supplemental product development and delivery as well as streamlining and sharing protocols among states when it comes to comes to data monitoring, collection and quality control efforts. Additionally, in 2014, the Missouri Mesonet collaborated with the MRCC in providing historic and updated daily air temperature data that are archived in the MRCC’s cli-MATE database and assimilated into the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) for access to everyone. Missouri will be providing the MRCC with additional environmental variable datasets, historic and current, in 2015. South Dakota State University (Todey) worked on determination of temperature and precipitation impacts on yields in South Dakota and nearby states. The work developed significance areas for corn based on being temperature limited or precipitation limited. SDSU developed new precipitation and temperature trend plots for regional data across the corn belt using new climate division data set from the National Climatic Data Center. These trend plots illustrated the impact of current climate changes regionally continuing to indicate warming during the summer, but related to warming of minimums largely. Minimum summer temperatures have increased 3-4 F across the state over the last century, while summer high temperature trends are largely flat and quite variable. New work on extreme precipitation events at SDSU has determined some early results where extreme precipitation does not seem to be increasing during all seasons statewide. Significant trends have been determined for increased extreme events in early spring (March) for the stations of Huron, Sioux Falls and Sioux City. Significant fall extremes have occurred only at Huron. Some initial indications actually show some decreases in mid-summer in Sioux Falls.

Book Chapters Michigan State University Andresen, J.A. and A.M. Pollyea, 2014. Section 3.8: Michigan. In From Too Much to Too Little: How the central U.S. drought of 2012 evolved out of one of the most devastating floods on record in 2011, Central U.S. 2012 Drought Assessment, B.A. Fuchs, D.A. Wood, and D. Ebbeka, eds. National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), University of Nebraska–Lincoln. ISBN-13 978-1-56161-039-6. Andresen, J.A., G. Alagarswamy, G. Guentchev, K. Piromsopa, A. Pollyea, G. Soter, J. Van Ravensway, and J. Winkler. 2013. “Potential Future Impacts of Climate on Row Crop Production in the Great Lakes Region.” In Climate Change in the Midwest: Impacts, Risks, Vulnerability, and Adaptation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Purdue University Prokopy, L.S., M.C. Lemos, A.S. Mase, and R. Perry-Hill. 2013. “Assessing Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Approaches – Useful to Usable Tools.” In Climate Vulnerability: Understanding and Addressing Threats to Essential Resources. London, UK: Elsevier Inc., Academic Press. Refereed Journal Articles University of Florida Dourte D.R., Fraisse C.W., Uryasev O. 2014. WaterFootprint on AgroClimate: A dynamic, web-based tool for comparing agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems 125: 33-41. Dourte D.R., Fraisse C.W., Bartels W. (under review – October 21, 2014) Exploring changes in rainfall intensity and seasonal variability in the southeastern U.S.: stakeholder engagement, observations, and adaptation. Climate Risk Management. Torres, C.E., Kohmann, M.M., Fraisse C.W., (accepted – December 2014). Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions for carbon neutral farming in the Southeastern USA. Agricultural Systems J. University of Tennessee Logan, J. 2014. Using a spreadsheet to model rain barrel efficiency and cost benefit for homeowners. HortTechnology 24:156-158 Texas A&M University Hao, B., Q. Xue, B. Bean, W. L. Rooney, J. Becker. 2014. Biomass production, water and nitrogen use efficiency in photoperiod-sensitive sorghum in the Texas High Plains Biomass and Bioenergy. Biomass and Bioenergy. 62: 108-116. Hao, B., Q. Xue, Y. H. Zhang, B. A. Stewart, and Z. M. Wang. 2014. Deficit irrigation in winter wheat- U.S. Southern High Plains and North China Plain. J. Arid Land Studies 24-1: 129-132. Liu, S., J. C. Rudd, G. Bai, S. Haley, A. M. H. Ibrahim, Q. Xue, D. B. Hays, R. A. Graybosch, R.N. Devkota, and P. St. Amand. 2014. Molecular markers linked to genes important for hard winter wheat production and marketing in the U.S. Great Plains. Crop Sci. 54: 1304-1321. Mu, L., Y. Liang, Q. Xue, C. Chen, and X. Lin. 2014. Using the DNDC model to compare soil organic carbon dynamics under different crop rotation and fertilizer strategies. Spanish J. Agric. Res. 12: 265-276. Pradhan, G., Q. Xue, S. Liu, J. C. Rudd, and K. E. Jessup. 2014. Effective use of soil water contributed to high yield in wheat in the U.S. Southern High Plains. J. Arid Land Studies 24-1: 153-156. Pradhan, G., Q. Xue, S. Liu, J. C. Rudd, K. E. Jessup, and J. R. Mahan. 2014. Cooler canopy temperature contributed to higher yield in new drought tolerant cultivars. Crop Sci. 54: 2275-2284. Reddy, S. K., S. Liu, J. C. Rudd, Q. Xue, P. Payton, S. A. Finlayson, J. Mahan, A. Akhunova, S. V. Holalu, and N. Lu. 2014. Physiology and transcriptomics of water-deficit stress responses in wheat cultivars TAM 111 and TAM 112. J. Plant Physiol. 171: 1289-1298. Wang, G., P. Nyren, Q. Xue, E. Aberle, E. Eriksmoen, T. Tjelde, M. Liebig, K. Nichols, and A. Nyren. 2014. Establishment and yield of perennial grass monocultures and binary mixtures for bioenergy in North Dakota. Agronomy Journal 106: 1605-1613 Xue, Q., J. C. Rudd, S. Liu, K. E. Jessup, R. N. Devkota, and J. R. Mahan. 2014. Yield determination and water use efficiency of wheat under water-limited conditions in the US Southern High Plains. Crop Sci. 54: 34-47. Zong, Y. Z., W. F. Wang, Q. Xue, and Z. P. Shangguan. 2014. Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and drought on photosynthetic capacity and PSII performance in maize. Photosynthetica 52: 63-70. Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Carlton, J.S., J.R. Angel, S. Fei, M. Huber, T.M. Koontz, B.J. MacGowen, N.D. Mullendore, N. Babin, and L.S. Prokopy, 2014: State Service Foresters’ Attitudes Toward Using Climate and Weather Information When Advising Forest Landowners, Journal of Forestry, Vol. 112, Number 1, January 2014. Haigh, T., L. Morton, M. Lemos, C. Knutson, L. Prokopy, Y. Lo, and J. Angel, 2015. Agricultural Advisors as Climate Information Intermediaries: Exploring Differences in Capacity to Communicate Climate. Weather, Climate, and Society, 7, 83-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-14-00015.1 Prokopy, L., J. Carlton, J. Arbuckle, T. Haigh, M. Lemos, A. Mase, N. Babin, M. Dunn, J. Andresen, J. Angel, C. Hart, and R. Power, 2015. Extension’s Role in Disseminating Information about Climate Change to Agriculture Stakeholders in the United States. Climatic Change (in press). Takle, Eugene S., Christopher J. Anderson, Jeffrey Andresen, James Angel, Roger W. Elmore, Benjamin M. Gramig, Patrick Guinan, Steven Hilberg, Doug Kluck, Raymond Massey, Dev Niyogi, Jeanne M. Schneider, Martha D. Shulski, Dennis Todey, and Melissa Widhalm, 2014: Climate Forecasts for Corn Producer Decision Making. Earth Interaction, 18, 1–8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2013EI000541.1 Purdue University Arbuckle, J.G., J. Hobbs, A. Loy, L.W. Morton, L.S. Prokopy, and J. Tyndall. 2014. “Understanding farmer perspectives on climate change: Toward effective communication strategies for adaptation and mitigation in the Corn Belt.” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 69(6): 505-516 Arbuckle, J.G., L.S. Prokopy, T. Haigh, J. Hobbs, T. Knoot, C. L. Knutson, A. Loy, A.S. Mase, J. McGuire, L.W. Morton, J. Tyndall, and M. Widhalm. 2013. “Corn Belt Farmers and Climate Change: Beliefs, Perceived Risk, and Support for Action.” Climatic Change Letters,117(4): 943-950. Carlton, J.S., Angel, J.R., Fei, S., Huber, M., Koontz, T., MacGowan, B.J., Mullendore, N.D., Babin, N., and L.S. Prokopy. 2014. “State service foresters’ attitudes toward using climate and weather information when advising forest landowners.” Journal of Forestry 112(1): 9-14. Gramig, B.M., J.M. Barnard, and L.S. Prokopy. 2013. “Farmer Beliefs About Climate Change and Carbon Sequestration Incentives.” Climate Research, 56(2): 157-167. doi:10.3354/cr01142. Haigh, T., L.W. Morton, M.C. Lemos, C. Knutson, L.S. Prokopy, Y.J. Lo, and J. Angel. In Press. “Agricultural Advisors as Climate Information Intermediaries: Exploring Differences in Capacity to Communicate Climate.” Weather, Climate, and Society. Mase, A.S., and L.S. Prokopy. 2014. “Unrealized potential: A review of perceptions and use of weather and climate information in agricultural decision making.” Weather, Climate and Society 6 (1): 47-61. Mase, A.S., Cho, H., and L.S. Prokopy. In Press. “Agricultural advisors’ perceptions of climate change risk influence adaptation attitudes.” Journal of Environmental Psychology. Prokopy, L.S., J.S. Carlton, J.G. Arbuckle, T. Haigh, M.C. Lemos, A.S. Mase, N. Babin, M. Dunn, J. Andresen, J. Angel, C. Hart, and R. Power. In Press. “Extension's Role in Disseminating Information about Climate Change to Agricultural Stakeholders in the United States.” Climatic Change Prokopy, L.S., L.W. Morton, J.G. Arbuckle, A.S. Mase, and A.W. Wilke. In Press. “Agricultural stakeholder views on climate change: Implications for conducting research and outreach.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Prokopy, L., T. Haigh, A.S. Mase, J. Angel, C. Hart, C. Knutson, M.C. Lemos, Y. Lo, J. McGuire, L.W. Morton, J. Perron, D. Todey, and M. Widhalm. 2013. “Agricultural Advisors: A Receptive Audience for Weather and Climate Information?” Weather, Climate, and Society, 5:162-167. Michigan State University Hall, B., A. Curtis, M. Timlin, M. Woloszyn, Z. Zaloudek, S. Hilberg, P. Guinan, J. Andresen, M. Longstroth, and R. Wolf, 2015. A community frost/freeze susceptibility operational guidance tool. J. Operational Meteor. 3: 21-29, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15191/nwajom.2015.0303. Morrison, W.R., J.A. Andresen, Z. Szendrei, 2013. The development of the asparagus miner (Ophiomyia simplex Loew; Diptera: Agromyzidae) in temperate zones: a degree-day model. Accepted for publication in Pest Management Science 70: 1105–1113. Schultze S.R., P.Sabbatini, and J.A. Andresen, 2014. Spatial and Temporal Study of Climatic Variability on Grape Production in Lake Michigan Shore AVA. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 65: 179-188. Takle, E., C. Anderson, J. Andresen, J. Angel, R. Elmore, B. Gramig, P. Guinan, S. Hilberg, D. Kluck, R. Massey, D. Niyogi, J. Schneider, M. Shulski, D. Todey, and M. Widhalm, 2014. Climate Forecasts for Corn Producer Decision-Making. Earth Interact. 18: 1–8. Yu, L., S. Zhong, X. Bian, W. Heilman, and J. Andresen, 2014. Temporal and spatial variability of frost-free seasons in the Great Lakes region of the United States. International Journal of Climatology 34: 3499–3514. DOI: 10.1002/joc.3923. Kansas State University Assefa, Y., K. Roozeboom, and M. Stamm. 2014. Winter Canola Yield and Survival as a Function of Environment, Genetics, and Management. Crop Science. 54:5:2303-2313. Assefa, Y., K. Roozeboom, C. Thompson, A. Schlegel, L. Stone, J. E. Lingenfelser. 2014. Corn and grain sorghum comparison – all things considered. ISBN:978-0-12-800112-7. Academic Press. Elsevier Inc., Oxford, UK, Waltham, MA. Hartley, Paul E., DeAnn R. Presley, Michel D. Ransom, Ganga M. Hettiarachchi, and Larry T. West. 2014. Vertisols and vertic properties of soils of the Cherokee Prairies of Kansas. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 78:556-566. Kibria, Md Golam, M.F. Kirk, Pedro Caldana, Mohanned Hossain, Prosun Bhattacharya, Michel Ransom, Khazi Matin Ahmed, and Saugata Datta. 2014. Characterizing sediment geochemistry and microbial interactions in assessing the processes of release of arsenic in the sedimentary aquifers of Matlab region, south eastern Bangladesh. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts with Programs 46, No. 6, Paper No. 337-4. Lin, X., K.G. Hubbard, R. Mahmood and G. Sassenrath, 2014: Assessing satellite-based start-of-season trends in the US High Plains. Environ. Res. Lett. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104016. Petrosino JS, Dille JA, Holman JD, Roozeboom KL. 2015. Kochia suppression with cover crops in southwestern Kansas. Crop Management (accepted 12/21/2014). Sohm, G., C. Thompson, Y. Assefa, A. Schlegel, and J. Holman. 2014. Yield and quality of irrigated bermudagrass as a function of nitrogen rate. Online. Agronomy Journal 106(4): doi:10.2134/agronj13.0580. Xu, L., X. Lin, J. Amen, K. Welding and D. McDermitt. 2014: Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 28(7):679-695. Zhang T., X. Lin, and G. Sassenrath, 2014. Current irrigation practices in the central United States reduce drought and extreme heat impacts for maize and soybean, but not for wheat. Science of The Total Environment. 508:331-342. University of Nebraska Feng, S., Q. Hu, W. Huang, C. Ho, R. Li, and Z. Tang, 2014: Projected climate regimes shift under future global warming from multi-model, multi-scenarios CMIP5 simulations. Global and Planetary Change, 112, 41-52. Maloney, E.D., S.J. Camargo, E. Chang, B. Colle, R. Fu, K.L. Geil, Q. Hu, et al. 2014: North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Part III: Assessment of 21st century projections. J. Climate, 27, 2230-2270. Sheffield, J., A. Barrett, B. Colle, R. Fu, K.L. Geil, Q. Hu, and 15 more coauthors, 2013: North American climate in CMIP5 experiments. Part I: Evaluation of 20th century continental and regional climatology. J. Climate, 26, 9209-9245. Sheffield, J., S.J. Camargo, R. Fu, Q. Hu, and 20 more coauthors, 2013: North American climate in CMIP5 experiments. Part II: Evaluation of 20th century intra-seasonal to decadal variability. J. Climate, 26, 9247-9290. University of Missouri Fuchs, B.A., D.A. Wood, D. Ebbeka, P.E. Guinan and others, 2014. From Too Much to Too Little: How the central U.S. drought of 2012 evolved out of one of the most devastating floods on record in 2011. Technical Assessment Report, NIDIS, NDMC, AASC, HPRCC, MRCC, NOAA, 99 p. Hubbart, J.A., E. Kellner, L. Hooper, A.R. Lupo, P.S. Market, P.E. Guinan, K. Stephan, N.I. Fox, and B.M. Svoma, 2014. Localized Climate and Surface Energy Flux Alterations across an Urban Gradient in the Central U.S. Energies 2014, 7, 1170-1791. Takle, Eugene S., Christopher J. Anderson, Jeffrey Andresen, James Angel, Roger W. Elmore, Benjamin M. Gramig, Patrick Guinan, Steven Hilberg, Doug Kluck, Raymond Massey, Dev Niyogi, Jeanne M. Schneider, Martha D. Shulski, Dennis Todey, and Melissa Widhalm, 2014: Climate Forecasts for Corn Producer Decision Making. Earth Interaction, 18, 1–8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2013EI000541.1 South Dakota State University Edwards, Laura M., Matthew J. Bunkers, John T. Abatzoglou, Dennis P. Todey, Lauren E. Parker. October 2013 Blizzard in Western South Dakota (Sept. 2014)- American Meteorological Society. Prokopy, L.S.. Haigh, T. , Mase, A. S., Angel, J., Hart, C., Knutson, C., Lemos, M.C., Lo, Y-J. , McGuire, J., Morton, L.W., Perron, J. Todey, D. and Widhalm, M. 2013: Agricultural Advisors: A Receptive Audience for Weather and Climate Information?. Wea. Climate Soc., 5, 162–167. Takle, E.S. Christopher J. Anderson, Jeffrey Andresen, James Angel, Roger W. Elmore, Benjamin M. Gramig, Patrick Guinan, Steven Hilberg, Doug Kluck, Raymond Massey, Dev Niyogi, Jeanne M. Schneider, Martha D. Shulski, Dennis Todey, and Melissa Widhalm, 2014: Climate Forecasts for Corn Producer Decision Making. Earth Interact., 18, 1–8. Symposium Proceedings Cornell Gadoury, D.M. 2014. Climate, asynchronous phenology, ontogenic resistance, and the risk of disease in deciduous fruit crops. Proc.10th International IOBC-WPRS Workshop on Pome Fruit Diseases, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 23-29 Nov. 2014. University of Tennessee Logan, J. 2014. "Climate Smart" development and planning in East Tennessee. Tennessee Stormwater Association East Tennessee Development Symposium Nov 4-5, 2-14. Knoxville, TN. (abstract in electronic proceedings). North Dakota State University Steele, D.D., T.F. Scherer, F.A. Akyuz, A. Wamono, T.M. DeSutter, S.R. Tuscherer. 2014. Evaluation of a Low-Cost Optical Rain Sensor. 2014 ASABE and CSBE/SCGAB Intersectional Meeting. Brookings, South Dakota, USA. March 28 – 29, 2014. Kansas State University Erickson, Larry, Lawrence Davis, Kraig Roozeboom, Ganga Hettiarachchi, Valentina Pidlisnyuk, Iveta Nagyova, and Zuzanna Melichova. 2014. "Perennial Grass Miscanthus for Biomass Production and Phytoremediation of Slightly Contaminated Land," In Glaser A., Ed., America's Grasslands Conference: The Future of Grasslands in a Changing Landscape. Proceedings of the 2nd Biennial Conference on the Conservation of America's Grasslands. August 12-14, 2013, Manhattan, KS. Washington, DC and Manhattan, KS: National Wildlife Federation and Kansas State University. Pp. 92-93. Holman, J. 2014. Fallow replacement crops (cover crops, annual forages, and grain pea) impact on wheat yield. Proceedings of Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference. Vol. 15. Denver, CO. Yu, X., X. Li, Y. Wu, S.E. Mitchell, K.L. Roozeboom, D. Wang, R. Bernardo, M. Wang, G.A. Pederson, T.T. Tesso, and J. Yu. 2014. Genomic Selection of Biomass Traits in a Global Collection of 976 Sorghum Accessions Plant and Animal Genome XXII Conference. Poster Presentations Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Angel, J. D. Todey, R. Massey, M. Widhalm, L. Biehl, J. Andresen, 2014. Dealing with Climate Change and variability in the growing season: A U2U Decision Support Tool for Central United State Corn Producers Based on Corn Growing Degree Days. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 2014, San Francisco, CA (poster presentation GC23A-0615). North Dakota State University Akyuz, F. A., D. Ritchison, B. Mullins, N. Bart and D. Morlock. 2014. North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network. Weather Data with Economic Benefits. American Association of State Climatologists Annual Meeting. July 8-112. Stevenson, WA. University of Kentucky Hitz, K. and D. A. Van Sanford. 2014. Determining Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat to Combat Warming Caused by Climate Change. Poster presented at the TFISE Research Showcase, December 1, Lexington, KY. Popular Articles North Dakota State University Akyüz, F. A., and D. Ritchison, 2014: North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Winter 2013-2014. V.8, No. 1. Electronic: http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/publication/ndsco/bulletin/winter14.pdf Akyüz, F. A., and D. Ritchison, 2014: North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Spring 2014. V.8, No. 2. Electronic: http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/publication/ndsco/bulletin/spring14.pdf Akyüz, F. A., and D. Ritchison, 2014: North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Summer 2014. V.8, No. 3. Electronic: http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/publication/ndsco/bulletin/summer14.pdf Akyüz, F. A., and D. Ritchison, 2014: North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Fall 2014. V.8, No. 4. Electronic: http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/publication/ndsco/bulletin/fall14.pdf Akyüz, F. A., and B. Mullins, 2014: 2013 Growing Season Weather Summary for North Dakota. Electronic: http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/publication/gss/2013.pdf Other Creative Works University of Florida AgroClimate Factsheets Available at: http://agroclimate.org/fact-sheets-climate.php and http://agroclimate.org/fact-sheets-management.php Temperature Trends in the Southeast, Precipitation Trends in the Southeast, Weather versus Climate, El Nino and La Nina Impacts in the Southeast, Drought in the Southeast: Agricultural and Hydrological Drought, Rain Intensity Changes in the Southeastern U.S., Irrigation Extension Personnel in the Southeastern U.S., Crop Insurance Basics, Crop Insurance: yield and revenue policies, Adopting Irrigation to reduce climate risk 4-H Weather and Climate Toolkit Factsheet “Building Resilience to Climate Risk with Cover Crops” Learn from producers how cover crops are reducing climate risks. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lodcD6tUUo “Cover Crops and Seasonal Forecasts - An Example from Southeastern Alabama” An example of how some producers have using climate information to adjust their management of high-residue winter cover crops. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDyxvQXVx1M&rel=0 “Rain Intensity Changes in the Southeastern U.S.” Rainfall Intensity: observed changes and management option. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkJVVhVWFpc “Row Crop Climate Learning Network” Tells the story of how producers, Extension, and researchers have been learning together about climate variability, change, and the management strategies to reduce risks to climate. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5Vx-cmQbx8&rel=0 University of Tennessee Climate Smart Extension Training Module. UT Extension, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Purdue University Doering, O. 2013. “Agriculture and Climate Change.” Resource Magazine (ASABE), July/August Loy, A., Hobbs, J., Arbuckle Jr., J.G., Morton, L.W., Prokopy, L.S., Haigh, T., Knoot, T., Knutson, C., Mase, A.S., McGuire, J., Tyndall, J., and M. Widhalm. 2013. Farmer Perspectives on Agriculture and Weather Variability in the Corn Belt: A Statistical Atlas. CSCAP 0153-2013. Ames, IA: Cropping Systems Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP): Climate Change, Mitigation, and Adaptation in Corn-based Cropping Systems. Prokopy, L.S., Towery, D., and N. Babin. 2014. Adoption of Agricultural Conservation Practices: Insights from Research and Practice. FNR-488-W. Purdue University. Useful to Usable (U2U). 2014a. “Project Fact Sheet.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/1051/download/U2U_2014_ProjectUpdate_1114_FINAL.pdf 2014b. “DST Factsheet.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/1013/download/U2U_2014_DST_Factsheet_1114FINAL.pdf 2014c. “Social Science Research Results.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/1052/download/U2U_SocialScienceResults.pdf 2014d. “U2U Overview Poster.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/554/download/U2U_poster_April2013.pdf 2014e. “U2U DST Overview Poster.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/1009/download/U2U_2014DST_Poster_48x36_1114.pdf 2014f. “U2U Quarterly E-Newsletter.” Mar 2014. https://mygeohub.org/groups/u2u/newsletter 2014g. “U2U Quarterly E-Newsletter.” Aug 2014. https://mygeohub.org/groups/u2u/newsletter 2014h. “U2U Quarterly E-Newsletter.” Nov 2014. https://mygeohub.org/groups/u2u/newsletter 2014i. “U2U AgClimate View User Guide.” Aug 2014. https://mygeohub.org/resources/822/supportingdocs 2014j. “U2U Corn GDD User Guide.” Aug 2014. https://mygeohub.org/resources/830/supportingdocs 2014k. “U2U Climate Patterns Viewer User Guide.” Aug 2014. https://mygeohub.org/resources/826/supportingdocs 2014l. “U2U Corn Split N User Guide.” Nov 2014. https://mygeohub.org/resources/1040/supportingdocs Useful to Usable (U2U). 2013a. “Project Fact Sheet.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/598/download/U2U_FactSheet_Sept2013.pdf 2013b. “Project Overview Poster (36”x48”).” https://mygeohub.org/resources/554/download/U2U_poster_April2013.pdf 2013c. “Stay In Touch.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/597/download/U2U_StayInTouch_03.pdf 2013g. “U2U Quarterly E-Newsletter.” Dec 2013. https://mygeohub.org/groups/u2u/newsletter 2013h. “AgriClimate Connection (Blog) Promo.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/668/download/AgriClimateConnection_Halfsheet.pdf 2013i. “U2U Executive Summary.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/581/download/U2UExecSummary2013_2_7.pdf 2013i. “U2U Research Highlights.” https://mygeohub.org/resources/528/download/U2UResearchHighlights2013_2_7.pdf University of Kentucky Hitz, Katlyn, and Dave Van Sanford. 2014. Effect of warming on wheat variety response to Nitrogen application in 2014. UK Wheat Science report: http://wheatscience.ca.uky.edu/research Russell, Kathleen, Chad Lee, Rebecca McCulley and David Van Sanford. 2014. Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Production in Kentucky. Plant And Soil Sciences Research Report Vol. 3, No. 3: http://www.uky.edu/Ag/TobaccoProd/FactSheets/PSSRR/2014/Russell%20Vol%203%20No%203.pdf Kansas State University Ciampitti, I., E.A. Adee, K. Roozeboom, A. Schlegel, and G. Cramer. 2014. Drought-tolerant corn hybrids: yield benefits. Report of Progress SRP 1102, pp. 23-27. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan, KS. Davis, R., S. Watson, and J. Holman. 2014. Changes in cover crop termination guidelines by USDA. Agronomy e-updates. No. 436, January 10, 2014. Haverkamp, E. Wilson, K. Roozeboom, E. Adee, and S. Naeve. 2014. Agronomic maximization of soybean yield and quality: row spacing and management. Report of Progress SRP 1102, pp. 33-39. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan, KS. Haag, L. and J. Holman. 2014. Managing glyphosate-tolerant volunteer corn in summer fallow. Agronomy e-updates. No. 466, July 18, 2014. Holman, J. 2014. Garden City, Kansas. p. 30-31. In M. Stamm and S. Dooley (ed.) 2012 National Winter Canola Variety Trial. Report of Progress 1098. Contribution No. SRP-1098 from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Holman, J., D. Min, N. Klocke, and R. Currie. 2014. The influence of irrigation amount and frequency on alfalfa forage quality. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:83-86. Holman, J., D. Min., T. Roberts, and S. Maxwell. 2014. Cover crop forage yield and nutritive values. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:25-30. Holman, J., D. Min., T. Roberts, and S. Maxwell. 2014. Determining profitable annual forage rotations. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:31-36. Holman, J., T. Roberts, and S. Maxwell. 2014. Fallow replacement crops (cover crops, annual forages, and short-season grain crops) effects on wheat yield. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:5-14. Holman, J., T. Roberts, and S. Maxwell. 2014. Fallow replacement crops (cover crops, annual forages, and short-season grain crops) effects on available soil water. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:15-24. Holman, J., T. Roberts, S. Maxwell, and M. Zarnstorff. 2014. 2013 grain filling rates of irrigated and dryland corn in southwest Kansas. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:37-40. Holman, J., A. Schlegel, L. Baumhardt, J. Falk, and L. Haag. 2014. Determining profitable annual forage rotations for the Ogallala Aquifer Region. USDA Ogallala Aquifer Initiative 2013 Annual Report. Holman, J., and A. Schlegel. 2014. Enhancing water efficiency and sustainability of the Ogallala Aquifer through forages. USDA Ogallala Aquifer Initiative 2013 Annual Report. Holman, J. and A. Schlegel. 2014. Occassional tillage for weed control in no-till production. USDA Ogallala Aquifer Initiative 2013 Annual Report. Holman, J., A. Schlegel, L. Baumhardt, L. Haag. 2014. Replacing fallow for increasing producer profitability and facilitating the transition to dryland production systems. USDA Ogallala Aquifer Initiative 2013 Annual Report. Jennings, J., K. Roozeboom, J. Shroyer, P.V.V. Prasad, and C.B. Rajashekar. 2014. Improving the Performance of Winter Wheat Planted Without Tillage after Grain Sorghum. Report of Progress SRP 1102, pp. 40-45. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan, KS. Min, M. and J. Holman. 2014. Purchasing high quality forage seed. Agronomy e-updates. No. 441, February 14, 2014. Min, M. and J. Holman. 2014. Cool-season forage seeding rates and adaption characteristics. Agronomy e-updates. No. 446, March 14, 2014. Min, M. and J. Holman. 2014. Forage soybeans as an alternative forage crop. Agronomy e-updates. No. 446, March 14, 2014. Min, D., A. Zukoff, S. Zukoff, J. Holman, J. Aguilar, R. Currie, S. Maxwell, J. Waggoner, and I. Kiseka. 2014. Alfalfa cutting frequency study. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:54-56. Peter, M.L. and J. Holman. 2014. Wheat tour in Tribune and Spring Field Day in Garden City. Agronomy e-updates. No. 455, May 27, 2014. Schlegel, A., J. Holman, and C. Thompson. 2014. Four-year rotations with wheat and grain sorghum. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress. 1106:47-51. Stamm, M., J. Holman, K. Roozeboom, and G. Cramer. 2014. Winter canola project. USDA Supplemental and Alternative Crops Annual Report. University of Alaska Sparrow, S. D., A. Byrd, D. Masiak, M. Zhang, R. Van Veldhuizen, and W. Schnabel. 2014. Potential Perennial Lignocellulosic Energy Crops for Alaska, IN: Growing Our Energy at Home: Biomass Crops in Alaska. Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK. Misc. Publication MP 2014-15 [Online} Available: www.uaf.edu/files/snre/publications/misc/MP-14-15.pdf Van Veldhuizen, R. and M. Zhang. 2014. Agronomic Crops for Biofuel Production in Alaska, IN: Growing Our Energy at Home: Biomass Crops in Alaska. Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK. Misc. Publication MP 2014-15 [Online} Available: www.uaf.edu/files/snre/publications/misc/MP-14-15.pdf Van Veldhuizen, R., M. Zhang, and C. W. Knight. 2014. Agronomic Crops Developed in Alaska. Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, School of Natural Resources and Extension, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK. Misc. Publication MP 2014-01 [Online} Available: www.uaf.edu/files/snre/MP_14_01.pdf Scientific and Outreach Presentations University of Tennessee Logan, J. 2014. Spatial optimization of the CoCoRAHS network in Tennessee (conference abstract and full paper). Applied Climatology Annual Meeting. Westminster, CO. Jun 10-13, 2014. Texas A&M University Ajayi, S., Q. Xue, G. Pradhan, R. Siu, S. K. Reddy , K. E. Jessup, A. Ibrahim, J. C. Rudd, and S. Liu. 2014. Monitoring early plant growth of wheat genotypes using ground based plant health sensing system. The 26th Annual Texas Plant Protection Conference, December 10-11, 2014, Bryan, TX. Ajayi, S., S. K. Reddy, P. Gowda, S.Liu, J. C. Rudd, Q. Xue, and B. A. Stewart. 2014. Use of spectral reflectance for estimating plant parameters of wheat genotypes in the Texas High Plains. Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security, March 25-28, 2014, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico. Attia, A., N. Rajan, Q. Xue, A. Ibrahim, and D. Hays. 2014. Application of CSM-CERES-Wheat Model for Irrigation Management of Winter Wheat in the Texas High Plains. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, 2014 International Annual Meetings, Long Beach, CA. Attia, A., N. Rajan, G. Ritchie, A. Ibrahim, D. Hays, and Q. Xue. 2014. Deficit irrigation and tillage effects on lint yield and profitability of four cotton cutivars in the Texas Rolling Plains. Beltwide Cotton Conferences, January 06 - 08, 2014, New Orleans, LA. Attia, A., N. Rajan, G. Ritchie, E. Barnes, S. Cui, A. Ibrahim, D. Hays, and Q. Xue. 2014. Cotton yield, fiber quality, water use efficiency, and spectral reflectance responses to irrigation and tillage management in the Texas Rolling Plains. ASA- CSSA-SSSA, 2014 International Annual Meetings, Long Beach, CA. Dhakal, S., J. C. Rudd, Q. Xue, R. Devkota, M. P. Fuentealba, B. Blaser, C.M. Rush, S.Y. Liu. 2013. Screening wheat curl mite resistance in Texas and Great Plains hard winter wheat. Ogallala Aquifer Program Workshop, Mar 25-26, 2014, Lubbock, TX. Dhakal, S., S. Liu, J. C., Q. Xue, B. Blaser. 2014. Genetic Mapping of the Wheat Curl Mite Resistance in TAM 112. The 26th Annual Texas Plant Protection Conference, December 10-11, 2014, Bryan, TX. Hao, B., Q. Xue, K. E. Jessup, T. H. Marek, W. Xu, E. Bynum and B. Bean. 2014. Water use and grain yield in drought tolerant maize in the Texas High Plains. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, 2014 International Annual Meetings, Long Beach, CA. Liu, S., S. Assanga, S. Dhakal, D. B. Hays, J. C. Rudd, A. M.H. Ibrahim, Q. Xue, S. Chao, R. Devkota, P. Sengodon, T. Huggins, and S. Mohammed. 2014. Validation of SNP chromosome locations using three wheat mapping populations. Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security, March 25-28, 2014, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico. Ocheya, S.A., S.Y. Liu*, J.C. Rudd, A. Ibrahim, Q. Xue, D. Hays, R. Devokota, G. Zhang, J. Chen. 2014. Identifying SNP markers for drought tolerance in wheat. Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security, Book of Abstracts. Mexico, Mar. 25- 28, 2014. Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. Ocheya, S.A., S.Y. Liu, J.C. Rudd, A. Ibrahim, Q. Xue, R. Devokota, S. Chao, G. Zhang, S. Haley, J. Chen, C-T., Tan, M.P. Fuentealba. 2014. Genetic Mapping and Introgression of QTLs for Drought Tolerance and Wsm2 from Hard Red Winter Wheat into Ug99 Resistant Spring Wheat Cultivars for African Countries. Agricultural Biosciences International Center, Oct 5-9, 2014, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Ocheya, S.A., S.Y. Liu, J.C. Rudd, A. Ibrahim, Q. Xue, R. Devokota, S. Chao, G. Zhang, S. Haley, J. Chen, C-T., Tan, M.P. Fuentealba. 2014. Validating diagnostic SNP markers for Wsm2 and mapping and introgression of QTL for drought tolerance from hard red winter wheat into Ug99 resistant spring wheat cultivars for African countries. The first International Conference on Genomics, Traits and Business, Sep 21-24, Charlotte, NC USA. Pradhan, G. P., Q. Xue, K. E. Jessup, C. C. Rudd, S. Liu, T. H. Marek, R. N. Devkota, and J. Baker. 2014. Impact of irrigation levels on the growth, yield, and seasonal evapotranspiration of hard red winter wheat. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, 2014 International Annual Meetings, Long Beach, CA. Reddy, S. K., J. Baker, S. Baker, D. Malinowski, C. Neely, A. Ibrahim, S. Liu, Q. Xue, D. Drake, G. Pradhan, Y. Emendack, R. Devkota, and J. C. Rudd. 2014. Phenotyping for biomass and ground cover estimation in wheat and other winter small grains. Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security, March 25-28, 2014, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico. Tan C-T., S.A. Ocheya, S-Y. Liu, J.C. Rudd, Q Xue, G. Zhang, G. Bai, X. Zhang, M.P. Fuentealba. 2014. Validation and application of diagnostic KASPar SNP markers for host plant resistance in wheat. The first international Conference on Genomics, Traits and Business, Sep 21-24, Charlotte, NC USA. Thapa, S., Y. Chen, Q. Xue, and B. A. Stewart. 2014. Manipulating plant geometry to improve microclimate and grain yield. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, 2014 International Annual Meetings, Long Beach, CA. Xue, Q., B. Hao, K. E. Jessup, T. H. Marek, X. Hou, and J. D. Becker. 2014. Evaluation of late corn planting with early maturity hybrids in the Texas high plains. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, 2014 International Annual Meetings, Long Beach, CA. Yang, Y., B. Basnet, S. Liu, A. H. Ibrahim, J. C. Rudd, Q. Xue, C. Johnson. 2014. Analysis of QTL by environment interactions for stripe rust resistance in TAM 111 using saturated genetic maps with SNP and Genotyping-by-Sequencing markers. The 26th Annual Texas Plant Protection Conference, December 10-11, 2014, Bryan, TX. Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Angel, J., D. Todey, R. Massey, M. Widhalm, L. Biehl, J. Andresen, D. Niyogi, C. Song, and B. Raub, 2014. The U2U Decision Support Tool for Corn Growing Degree Days. American Meteorological Society, 21st Conference on Applied Climatology, Denver, CO. (presentation 4.1). Kansas State University Freeman II, Oliver Ward, Mary Beth Kirkham, Kraig L. Roozeboom, Alan J. Schlegel and Scott A. Staggenborg. 2014. Winter Cover Crops in a Corn-Forage Sorghum Rotation in the Great Plains. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Haverkamp, Bryson J., Eric Wilson, Kraig L. Roozeboom and Seth L. Naeve. 2014. Systematic Optimization of Yield-Enhancing Applications: Row Spacing Interactions. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Holman, J. 2014. Fallow replacement crops (cover crop, annual forage, and short-season grain crops) impact on wheat. Western Society Crop Science annual meeting abstract. Holman, J., A. Schlegel, and D Min. 2014. Developing rainfed annual forage rotations. In Annual meetings abstract [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Holman, J., M. Stamm, and D Min. 2014. Nurse cropping and fall grazing of winter canola. In Annual meetings abstract [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Jennings, Joshua D., Kraig L. Roozeboom, P.V. Vara Prasad, James P. Shroyer and C.B. Rajashekar. 2014. Sorghum Hybrid and Wheat Variety Traits for Planting Winter Wheat after Grain Sorghum in No-till. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Kerschen, Kim J., Michel D. Ransom, Stephen J. Thien, and Sarah J. Fishback. 2014. Student understanding of soil classification using the Simplified Guide to Soil Taxonomy. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Kuykendall, Matti B., P.V. Vara Prasad, Kraig L. Roozeboom and Gerard J. Kluitenberg. 2014. Water Use of Cover Crop Species and Mixes. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Laurenz, Randall G., Bryson J. Haverkamp, David A. Marburger, John M. Orlowski, Eric Wilson, Shaun Casteel, Shawn P. Conley, Chad Lee, Seth L. Naeve, Emerson D. Nafziger, William Jeremy Ross, Kraig L. Roozeboom and Kurt D. Thelen. 2014. Systematic Optimization of Soybean Yield and Quality: Management Interactions on Isoflavones. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Lin, Xiaomao. Three presentations/posters in annual Agronomy Conference (ASA) in Long Beach, CA. Nov 2014. Lin, Xiaomao. Four presentations/posters in annual 2014 Fall AGU meeting in San Francisco, CA. Dec. 2014. Lin, Xiaomao . Three invited presentations in areas of Kansas drought, water/energy transports, and climate changes were conducted in University of Oklahoma (Oct. 2014), Kansas Water Conference (Nov 2014), and University of Kansas (Dec. 2014). Marburger, David A., Bryson J. Haverkamp, Randall G. Laurenz, John M. Orlowski, Eric Wilson, Shaun Casteel, Chad Lee, Seth L. Naeve, Emerson D. Nafziger, Kraig L. Roozeboom, William Jeremy Ross, Kurt D. Thelen and Shawn P. Conley. 2014. Systematic Optimization of Yield-Enhancing Applications: Genetic Interactions. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Min, D. and J. Holman. 2014. Irrigation amount and frequency effects on alfalfa forage quality. In Annual meetings abstract [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Min, D., A. Zukoff, S. Zukoff, and J. Holman. 2014. Cutting frequency effects on yield and nutritive values of alfalfa. In Annual meetings abstract [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Orlowski1, John M., Bryson J. Haverkamp, Randall G. Laurenz, David A. Marburger, Eric Wilson, Shaun Casteel, Shawn P. Conley, Emerson D. Nafziger, Kraig L. Roozeboom, William Jeremy Ross, Kurt D. Thelen, Seth L. Naeve and Chad Lee. 2014. Systematic Optimization of Soybean Yield and Quality: Input Interactions. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Ransom, Michel D., John M. Galbraith, and Kim J. Kerschen. 2014. Fundamental changes in Soil Taxonomy: Future perspectives from three developers of the Illustrated Guide to Soil Taxonomy. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Roozeboom, Kraig L., Peter J. Tomlinson, Megan Stirling Brown, Bryson J. Haverkamp and Joshua D. Jennings. 2014. Effect of Cover Crop Types on Cash Crop Yields in No-till. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Schlegel, A., D. O’Brien, L. Haag, and J. Holman. 2014. Crop rotations to enhance profitability in western Kansas. In Annual meetings abstract [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Stamm, Michael J., Yared Assefa and Kraig L. Roozeboom. 2014. Winter Canola Yield and Survival As a Function of Environment, Genetics, and Management. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Wilson, Eric W., Bryson J. Haverkamp, Randall G. Laurenz, David A. Marburger, John M. Orlowski, Shaun Casteel, Shawn P. Conley, Paul David Esker, Chad Lee, Emerson D. Nafziger, Kraig L. Roozeboom, William Jeremy Ross, Kurt D. Thelen and Seth L. Naeve. 2014. Systematic Optimization of Yield-Enhancing Applications: Population Interactions. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. Virginia Tech University Beria, H., V. Sridhar, A. Campbell, R. Burgholzer (2014) Retrospective analysis of hydrologic impacts in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Session 75: Chesapeake Bay: Climate Change and TMDL management, 2014 American Water Resources Conference, Tysons Corner, VA. Nov 3-6, 2014. Seong, C.H., A. Campbell, H. Beria, R. Burgholzer, V. Sridhar (2014) An investigation into the Chesapeake Bay watershed hydrologic budget under future climate change scenarios, Session 75: Chesapeake Bay: Climate Change and TMDL management, 2014 American Water Resources Conference, Tysons Corner, VA. Nov 3-6, 2014.