Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

IDAHO

After licensed UI Stone and UI Platinum, we are in the process of releasing hard white winter line IDO1101 and soft white winter line IDO1108DH. Foundation seed of the two lines were planted in  Aberdeen in the fall of 2015. We also planted breeder seed for a new short hard white winter line  IDO1506 this fall and will plant breeder seed for additional two short hard white spring lines  (IDO1602 and IDO1604) in the spring of 2016. In addition, we harvested breeder seed for hard white  winter line IDO1209DH, two soft white winter lines IDO1004 and IDO1005, two hard white spring lines  IDO1202S and IDO1203S-A, and one hard red spring wheat line IDO862E. These lines are pending to  release upon additional testing and when a licensed partner identified.

Breeding using wheat x maize system. Wheat by maize doubled haploid (DH) system has been used in  the program and generated six breeding and mapping populations since 2008. IDO1108DH, the first  soft white winter DH line made in 2008 is going to be released in the spring of 2016. We also  selected two hard red winter DH lines IDO1607DH and IDO1609DH derived from the cross IDO835 x  Moreland. The two lines are being evaluated on the second year in the Western Regional trials and  in the seed increase in the breeding program. One hard white winter DH population derived from UI  Silver x Shaan89150 and the other hard white spring DH population derived from UI Platinum x SY  Capstone showed very good agronomic performance in 2015. These DH lines are being evaluated for  bread baking quality in Idaho Wheat Lab in Aberdeen, ID. The two DH populations will result in not  only elite lines but also molecular markers that can be used to select excellent bread baking  quality of UI Silver and UI Platinum. Molecular markers associated with resistance genes to dwarf  bunt and stripe rust will also be identified in the three DH populations in 2016.

Breeding using molecular marker assisted selection. Using molecular marker assisted selection we  pyramided three disease resistance genes FHB1, H25, and Yr36 and advanced 640 lines in 2014. The  640 lines were evaluated in yield trials in two locations this year. These lines were also  evaluated for stripe rust resistance in a field nursery in Pullman, WA, for Hessian Fly resistance  in Moscow and a USDA-ARS Lab in North Dakota, and molecular markers for FHB1, H25, and Yr36 in  Western Genotyping Lab. The selected lines are being tested for bread baking quality. We are  expecting to release three hard red spring wheat lines (IDO1601S, IDO1603S, and IDO1605S) with high  yield, resistance to stripe rust, hessian Fly, and Fusarium head blight (FHB).

Breeding for resistance to fusarium head blight. Our effort on Fusarium head blight has significantly increased as the problem is increasing. After a MS student Santosh Nayak completed his mapping project of FHB resistance in UI Stone, we initiated an association mapping project using a panel of 190 spring wheat lines grown in PNW and CIMMYT. The 190 lines were inoculated and evaluated in Aberdeen (field and greenhouse) and University of Minnesota this year, with the support from USDA-ARS US Wheat & Barley Scan Initiative (USWBSI). In addition to the genomics work, we have advanced 50 F4 populations. These breeding populations will be inoculated along with the 190 lines in 2016.

WASHINGTON

OREGON

USDA-ARS WESTERN WHEAT QUALITY LAB

New research on the repeatability of mice consumption discrimination of wheat varieties across field experiments and mouse cohorts.
Modeled the end-quality in U.S. soft wheat germplasm.
Identified quality characteristics of soft kernel durum wheat.
Tracked arabinoxylan content through the preparation of pancakes and the bread-baking process.
Collaborated on the extrusion characteristics and rheological properties of waxy soft white wheat.
Identified how the internal structure of carbonized wheat grains relate to kernel texture.
Identified the use of a Student’s t statistic as a phenotype of relative consumption preference of wheat grain.
Collaborated on research on the functional and nutritional characteristics of wheat grown in organic and conventional cropping systems.
Collaborated on the phytocehmical profile and antiproliferative activity of dough and bread made from refined and whole wheat flours.
Identified the effect of wheat seed color and hardness genes on the consumption preference of the house mouse.
Each year Doug Engle and Craig Morris organize the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council, with attendance of approximately 80, there are 22 collaborators which included ADM Milling, Agri-Pro/Syngenta, Grain Craft, Ardent Mills, Mondel_z, Continental Mills, USDA-GIPSA-FGIS, Monsanto/WestBred, and others. Engle and Morris also conduct the Overseas Varietal Analysis Project, Soft White & Club Wheats for U.S. Wheat Associates.

COLORADO

In fall 2015, hard red winter wheat (HRW) experimental line CO11D174 was formally released by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. CO11D174 is a doubled-haploid line developed from the cross TAM 112/Byrd made in 2009. CO11D174 will be marketed as ‘Avery’ by the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation (CWRF) under the PlainsGold Brand. In three years of testing in the CSU Elite Trial (28 location-years, 2013-2015), dryland yield of Avery was 104% of trial average, compared to 105% for Antero HWW, 103% for Denali HRW, 102% for Byrd HRW, and 96% for Hatcher HRW. In three years of testing in the CSU Dryland Uniform Variety Performance Trial (18 location-years, 2014-2015), dryland yield of Avery was 109% of trial average, compared to 121% for Antero HWW, 110% for Denali HRW, 104% for Byrd HRW, and 100% for Hatcher HRW. Avery has excellent drought stress tolerance and winterhardiness, average test weight, and fair straw strength. Avery is resistant to Greenbug biotype E and the wheat curl mite, moderately susceptible to stripe rust, and susceptible to leaf rust and stem rust. End-use quality characteristics of Avery are excellent, with slightly larger kernels and higher bake water absorption than Byrd HRW. Routine screening in 2014-2015 included 1189 SKCS tests, 993 Mixographs, 1325 L-DOPA PPO tests, and 642 Quadrumat Senior milling and pup- loaf bake tests. Included among these were 190 multi-location variety trial samples and these data were reported in the CSU variety trial summary distributed to wheat producers. Genomic selection models, facilitated by single nucleotide (SNP) markers obtained via genotyping by sequencing, have been shown to provide surprisingly high prediction accuracies for several important quality-related traits, including mixograph and pup-loaf bake mixing time, pup loaf volume, and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. These models are now in routine use in the breeding program to increase efficiency of selection and enable more rapid identification of breeding lines for the crossing program. In 2015, we initiated collaborative research focused on identification of metabolomic signatures underlying difference in sensory profiles (flavor and aroma) of products made from whole-grain hard white wheat.

MONTANA

MONTANA SPRING WHEAT
Approximately 2.5 million acres of hard red spring wheat were seeded in 2015. The season was characterized by early season heat and drought, followed by a period of rainfall and good growing conditions. Leading varieties in Montana were Vida, Reeder, SY Soren and SY Brennan. Vida and Choteau have some resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. A new variety named Duclair was grown on approximately 130,000 acres in 2015. The variety Egan, with resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge, was released for impacted areas in western Montana. Egan also has the high grain protein gene introduced from the variety GluPro and as such has grain protein levels approximately I percentage point higher than other varieties. Major agronomic objectives for the program remain excellent yield potential in the harsh Montana environments and resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. End-use quality targets for all varieties remain excellent bread-making properties, including selection for high grain protein, strong gluten, good water absorption, and large loaf volume.

MONTANA WINTER WHEAT
Montana harvested winter wheat acreage for 2015 was 2.22 million acres averaging ~41 bu/acre (total production ~91.0 million bushels). Leading varieties were Yellowstone (21.0%), Judee (16.4%), Decade (6.7%), and CDC Falcon (5.6%). The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. David May finished a M.S. graduate program investigating transfer of root lesion nematode resistance into adapted winter wheat cultivars. ‘Northern’ (MT00978) was released to Montana producers fall, 2015.

MONTANA GENETICS AND QUALITY
The project identified genotypes useful in the creation of high amylose durum and reduced glycemic index food products. We demonstrated that increased amylose durum pasta is more firm and resistant to overcooking relative to standard pasta. We further found that high amylose durum is pronounced in having enhanced nutritional properties such as increased dietary fiber and protein content. We have expanded this objective to include the development of specific levels of amylose in both bread and durum wheat. We published a paper describing that allelic variation in wheat grain hardness alleles leads to end product quality differences with hardness highly correlated with break and total flour yield. Several lines having unique grain hardness and milling properties will be the focus of future germplasm release to make them available to breeding programs. We have complimented these studies by conducting similar studies on the wheat glutenin proteins to identify glutenin alleles which confer specific end product properties. We also completed studies determining the impact of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene variation upon wheat end product quality. Seed PPO activity is relevant to wheat end product quality because it is responsible for off colors that occur in both fresh noodles and refrigerated doughs. In our experiments we developed molecular markers specific for PPO mutations useful in decreasing seed PPO and improving wheat end product quality. Both the genotypes and markers are available for use in breeding programs.

IDAHO

J. Chen*, J. Wheeler, K. O’Brien, W. Zhao, N. Klassen, J. Zhang, B. Bowman, Y. Wang, C.
Jackson, J. M. Marshall, X.M. Chen. 2015. Release of ‘UI Platinum’ Hard White Spring
Wheat. J. Plant Registration (online first).

Bowman, B., J. Chen*, J. Zhang, J. Wheeler, Y. Wang, W. Zhao, S. Nayak, N. Heslot, H.
Bockelman, and J.M. Bonman. 2015. Evaluating grain yield in spring wheat with canopy
spectral reflectance. Crop Sci. 55:1881 – 1890.

X. Liang, Y. Liu, B. Bowman, and J. Chen. 2015. Physiological Responses and Yield
Component Changes of Winter Wheat Genotypes under Three Water Regimes. Poster
presentation and abstract in the proceedings of ASA, CSSA and SSSA Int’l Annual
meeting, St. Paul, Minnesota, Nov. 15-18.

J. Chen*, J. Zhang, W. Zhao, J. Wheeler, N. Klassen, and J. Anderson. 2015. Assessment of
resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring wheat lines grown in the Pacific Northwest
and CIMMYT. Poster at Annual FHB Forum, St. Louis, MS, Dec. 7 -9, 2015.

J. Chen*, X. Chen, J. Zhang, D. See, Sh. Chao and J.M. Bonman. 2015. Identifying
quantitative trait loci for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust of wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.). Poster presentation at 2015 Borlaug Global Rust Initiative, Sydney,
Australia, Sep. 17 to 20, 2015.

Bowman, B., J. Zhang, J. M. Bonman, H. Bockelman, J. Wheeler, and J. Chen. 2015.
Association Analysis of Yield in a Diverse Panel of Spring Wheat (T. aestivum L.)
Genotypes. Poster presentation at PAG meeting, San Diego, California, Jan. 10-11, 2015.

COLORADO

El-Feki, W.M., P.F. Byrne, S.D. Reid, and S.D. Haley. 2015. Registration of CO940610/‘Platte’
wheat doubled haploid mapping population. J. Plant Reg. 9:419-423.

Manmathan, H., V.A. Anderson, and S.D. Haley. 2015. Combining genotyping-by-sequencing
and functional marker genotyping in wheat. Proc. CROPS 2015, Improving Agriculture with
Genomics, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, May 2015.

Stromberger, J., S.D. Haley, and J. Johnson. 2015. Wheat quality evaluations from the 2014
CSU dryland and irrigated variety trials. p. 34-40. In Colorado State University Agric. Exp. Stn.
Technical Report, Wheat Field Days Edition, July 2015.

Vinson, E.R., J. Chaparro, S.D. Haley, and A.L. Heuberger. 2015. Integrating metabolomics
profiling and sensory analysis to improve flavor quality in bread wheat. 2015. Proc. Colorado
Biological Mass Spectroscopy Society, Boulder, CO, 29 Oct. 2015.

MONTANA

Varella, A. C., D. K. Weaver, J. D. Sherman, N. K. Blake, H-Y. Heo, J. Kalous, S. Chao, M. L. Hofland,
J. M. Martin, K. D. Kephart, and L. E. Talbert. 2015. Association analysis of stem solidness and wheat
stem sawfly resistance in a panel of spring wheat germplasm from North America. Crop Sci. 55:2046-
2055.

Kalous, J. R., J. M. Martin, J. D. Sherman, H. –Y. Heo, N. K. Blake, S. P. Lanning, J. L. A. Eckhoff, S.
Chao E. Akhunov and L. E. Talbert. 2015. Impact of the D genome and quantitative trait loci
on quantitative traits in a spring durum by spring bread wheat cross. Theor. Appl. Genet.
128:1799-1811.

Blake, N. K., J. M. Martin, H.-Y. Heo,K. D. Kephart, S. P. Lanning and L. E. Talbert. 2015.
Registration of near-isogenic lines for photoperiod response in hard red spring wheat. J. Plant.
Reg. 9:239-243.

Jordan, Katherine W., Shichen Wang, Yanni Lun, Laura-Jayne Gardiner, Ron Maclachlan, Pierre Hucl,
Krysta Wiebe, Debbie Wong, Kerrie Forrest, IWGSC, Andrew G Sharpe, Christine HD
Sidebottom, Neil Hall, Christopher Toomajian, Timothy Close, Jorge Dubcovsky, Alina
Akhunova, Luther Talbert, Urmil Bansal, Harbans S Bariana, Matthew Hayden, Curtis Pozniak,
Jeffrey J Jeddeloh, Anthony Hall and Eduard Akhunov. 2015. A haplotype map of allohexaploid
wheat reveals distinct patterns of selection on homoeologous genomes. Genome Biology
16:48.

Sherman, J. D.,N. K. Blake, J. M. Martin, K. D. Kephart, J. Smith, D. R. Clark, M. L. Hofland, D. K.
Weaver, S. P. Lanning, H.-Y. Heo, M. Pumphrey, J. Chen, and L. E. Talbert. 2015. Agronomic
impact of a stem solidness gene in near-isogenic lines of wheat. Crop Sci. 55:514-520.

Berg, J.E., P.F. Lamb, J.H. Miller, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, G.P.
Pradhan, D.L. Nash, W.E. Grey, D. Gettel, S. Gale, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, X. Chen, G. Bai, T.D.
Murray, and P.L. Bruckner. 2016. Registration of ‘Northern’ hard red winter wheat. J. Plant
Reg. In press.

Hystad, S.M., Martin, J.M., Graybosch, R.A., and M.J. Giroux. 2015. Genetic
characterization and expression analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) line 07OR1074 exhibiting very
low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 128(8):1605-1615.

Hogg, A.C., J.M. Martin, F.A. Manthey, and M.J. Giroux. 2015. Nutritional and quality traits of pasta
made from SSIIa null high amylose-durum wheat. Cereal Chem. 92(4):395-400.

Kammeraad, J.D., M.J. Giroux, A.C. Hogg, and J.M. Martin. Mutagenesis derived Puroindoline alleles in
Triticum aestivum and their impacts upon end-product quality. Cereal Chemistry, accepted October
2015, in press.

USDA-ARS WESTERN WHEAT QUALITY LAB

Carter, A.H., Kidwell, K.K., DeMacon, V., Balow, K.A., Shelton, G.B., Higginbotham, R.W., Chen, X.M., Engle, D.A., Baik, B., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Registration of ‘Sprinter’ hard red winter wheat. J. Plant Registrations 9:196-200.

Carter, B.P., Galloway, M.T., Morris, C.F., Weaver, G.L., and Carter, A.H. 2015. The case for water activity as a specification for wheat tempering and flour production. Cereal Foods World 60:166-170.

Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Modeling end-quality in United States soft wheat germplasm. Cereal Chem. 92:57-64.

Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Repeatability of mice consumption discrimination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties across field experiments and mouse cohorts. J. Food Sci. 80:S1589-S1594.

Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Use of a students’s t statistic as a phenotype of relative consumption preference of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. J. Cereal Sci. 65:285-289.

Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Luthria, D., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Arabinoxylan content and characterisation throughout the bread-baking process. International J. Food Sci. Tech. 50:1911-1921. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Luthria, D., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Tracking arabinoxylans through the preparation of pancakes. Cereal Chem. 92:37-43.

Kowalski, R.J., Morris, C.F., and Ganjyal, G.M. 2015. Waxy soft white wheat: extrusion characteristics and thermal and rheological properties. Cereal Chem. 92:145-153.

Lu, Y., Fuerst, E.P., Lv, J., Morris, C.F., Yu, L., Fletcher, A., Kiszonas, A.M., Yu, L., and Luthria, D. 2015. Phytochemical profile and antiproliferative activity of dough and bread fractions made from refined and whole wheat flours. Cereal Chem. 92:271-277.

Morris, C.F., Casper, J., Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Murray, J., Simeone, M.C., and Lafiandra, D. 2015. Soft kernel durum wheat–a new bakery ingredient? Cereal Foods World 60:76-83.

Morris, C.F. and Fuerst, E.P. 2015. Chapt. 30: Quality Characteristics of Soft Kernel Durum–A New Cereal Crop. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium; Ogihara, Y., Takumi, S., and Handa, H., eds. Yokohama, Japan. Springer Publishing, pp. 275-278.

Park, E.Y., Baik, B.-K., Miller, P.R., Burke, I.C., Wegner, E.A., Tautges, N.E., Morris, C.F., and Fuerst, E.P. 2015. Functional and nutritional characteristics of wheat grown in organic and conventional cropping systems. Cereal Chem. 92:504-512.

Szymanski, R.M., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Internal structure of carbonized wheat (Triticum spp.) grains: relationships to kernel texture and ploidy. Vegetation History & Archaeobotany 24:503-515.