Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting: Available at http://txnc170.human.cornell.edu/minutes.html Work Planned for Next Year California: Work on biocidal fabrics & development of performance specifications for PPE; Thermal mannequin tests will be completed on firefighter protective clothing with different moisture conditions; Evaluation of performance properties of protective clothing materials. Colorado: On-going studies investigating effect of post-enzymatic dyeing on UPF & percent cover; other fabric constructions being studied to verify whether results obtained for knit fabric holds for other fabrics as well. Oklahoma: Complete exploratory study of chemical detection smart textiles. Investigation of using portable spectrophotometer instead of desktop spectrophotometer in spectral measurement. Body armor study will continue with development of modular extremity protection. If HSARPA Phase II grant received another laboratory physiological study & small scale field test will be planned & implemented over next 2 years. Maryland: Work with statistician to compare worker exposure data with laboratory data; develop final performance specification draft to be submitted to ASTM Intern'l for subcommittee ballot; work with European Crop Protection Association. Minnesota: Investigate use of motion capture system to evaluate motion in PPE; test cool glove in collaboration with University of Minnesotas Extreme Environments Lab; study body shapes & related garment forms for very large/obese people; assess effectiveness of current Minnesota Sun Smart Program in delivering sun safety message, revise program as needed. New York: Continue work on membranes for improved protective clothing; develop novel microporous membranes that respond to moisture/liquid content for use in chemical & biological protective clothing; increase multifunctionality of membranes by adding antimicrobial properties; to develop with polyolefin at the hydrophobic structural porous membrane with hydrophilic graft. Will complete analysis of data collected from agricultural workers on PPE for pesticide protection & coordinate development & production of new prototype design based on data. Texas: Will continue to refine TGA method to precisely quantify adsorption properties of PPE & wipes. Sliding friction method will be evaluated using wide variety of nonwoven fabrics. Parallel studies will continue on characterization of self cleaning abilities of nanofibers & the UV absorbtion abilities of fabrics.

Accomplishments and Impacts: Major accomplishments during the past funding year that ended September 30, 2005 are summarized by objectives and sub-objectives below. Objective 1: To improve protection and human factor performance of PPE through product development. A. Product Development Studies Research efforts by California, New York, Oklahoma, and Texas were directed toward product development. California has developed a novel technology for biologically self-decontaminating fire protective clothing. Nomex IIIa fabrics were chlorinated in a simple chlorine bleaching process; the thus treated fabrics exhibited rapid and rechargeable antibacterial functions while retaining existing mechanical and fire resistant properties. GenTex Corporation is interested in applying this technology on a military product with biological and fire protections. New York has developed electrospun polypropylene fiber webs and laminates using melt-electrospinning to explore an alternative way of manufacturing protective clothing materials for agricultural workers. Electrospun polypropylene webs were fabricated in two levels of thickness. To examine the effect of lamination on the protection/thermal comfort properties, the webs were laminated on nonwoven fabric substrates. Barrier performance was evaluated for the electrospun webs and laminates with different levels of web thickness, using two pesticide mixtures that represent a range of surface tension and viscosity. Effects of web thickness and lamination on air permeability and water vapor transmission were assessed as indications of thermal comfort performance. Penetration testing shows that electrospun polypropylene webs provide excellent barrier performance against the high surface tension challenge liquid, whereas the laminated fabrics of electrospun polypropylene webs exhibited performance of 90 to 100 percent for challenge liquids with varying surface tension. No significant difference was observed in barrier performance from the web thickness for the experimental conditions. Air permeability of the electrospun polypropylene web decreased by approximately 20 percent due to the lamination and web thickness, but was still higher than most of the materials currently in use for protective clothing. The water vapor transmission of the electrospun polypropylene web was reduced by up to 12 percent by the lamination and increase in web thickness as well, but was still in a range comparable to woven work clothing fabrics. Oklahoma conducted a one-year exploratory research project, funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Intelligence Community, to use textile fabric as the sensing surface for chemical detection. Colorant porphyrins will have a spectral shift when bound with other chemicals. This property can be used to detect toxic chemicals in the environment. In this study, cyanide (NaCN) and organophosphate (diazinon) were chosen as target toxic chemicals. Two porphyrins, meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (CTPP4) and copper meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (CuCTPP4), have spectral shifts in the presence of NaCN. The spectral shifts can be observed in aqueous solution and on porphyrin dyed mercerized cotton fabric. The difference spectra (porphyrin+cyanide)-porphyrin have peak and trough at specific wavelength positions to assure selective detection. For both CTPP4 and CuCTPP4, there is a linear relationship between the change in absorbance and NaCN concentration, which suggests the formation of a NaCN-porphyrin complex. When dyed onto cotton fabric, NaCN can be detected at 100ppb level by porphyrins. The cyanide detection study was presented at the 2004 Fiber Society Annual Conference. In solution and dyed on cotton fabric, the absorbance spectra of meso-tetraphenylporphine (TPP) shift to a shorter wavelength when interacting with diazinon. This spectral shift in the presence of diazinon is more obvious in difference spectra (TPP+diazinon)-TPP. The absorbance distance (A) between peak and trough in difference spectra has a linear relationship with diazinon concentration. Diazion can be detected at 0.5ppm level by TPP in solution, and at 11ppm level by TPP dyed cotton fabric. An ITAA presentation will detail the diazinon detection results. Texas has produced a three-layered needlepunched composite that has the necessary adsorption to offer required protection and next-to-skin feel characteristics. Results showed that the three-layered nonwoven composite has instantaneous adsorption of toluene and the time of saturation was more than 300 minutes. The nonwoven adsorbent composite fabric can be used as an inner layer for chemical protective suits and as a toxic chemical decontamination wipe. A continual US Patent Application has been filed in 2005 to have a broad based coverage for the nonwoven chemical protective fabric technology developed at Texas Tech University. The nonwoven composite technology has been licensed to Waco, TX based Hobbs Bonded Fibers to take it to the next level. This effort has to lead to the formation of an international consortium of three organizations to develop next generation protective suits. The consortium at present involves Texas Tech University, Hobbs Bonded Fibers, and Remploy Frontline, United Kingdom. Protection Studies Colorado has employed enzymatic treatment as a useful wet-processing tool to impart value-added properties to fabrics. In the current study, cotton knit fabric was treated with cellulase and the effect of structural changes on Percent Cover and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) was examined. Results showed that enzymatic treatment increased the ultraviolet protective ability of the cotton knit fabric. Rate of agitation and duration of treatment were important parameters influencing the UPF value. The increase in UPF after enzymatic treatment is probably due to a decrease in porosity. Porosity is a measure of the degree of closed versus open space in a fabric and is reflected in the values of percent cover. It may also be that enzymatic treatment by degrading and removing the protruding microfibrils leads to a more compact knit structure thereby making the fabric more opaque to UV radiation. B. Human Factor Studies A collaborative product development study was undertaken by Oklahoma State University as a sub-contract with a private company as the prime contractor and funding from NRL, in May 2004. Development of limb body armor using soft anti-ballistic materials to provide NIJ Level II protection against small arms and shrapnel was the goal. The limb body armor had to be compatible with the standard Interceptor vest now issued to the US Army and Marine Corps. QuadGard® was the result. The units were designed and produced in limited quantities at OSU, then sent to medical personnel treating the troops and to various military installations for wear testing and feedback. They were then modified and more quantities produced and submitted for additional obstacle course testing at ARL facilities (Aberdeen Proving Ground) and subjected to warfare simulations. Results were positive. The project has received considerable print and TV media attention from local and national stations. An Armed Forces Journal article provides information on the project. Minnesota completed set-up and testing of Human Dimensioning Laboratory equipment including body scanner and motion capture system. The new system was employed in a scanning selected sample of female body types/sizes representing ready-to-wear sizes misses 6 through womens 3X. Body size to body mass index was correlated as first step in understanding differences in body shape and configuration from small size to large size. Size range was compared to a representative sample size model. New York has collected and analyzed performance data for protective apparel that provides protection from pesticides for agricultural workers. Questionnaires, interviews, and images capturing coverall fit and working positions have been collected for 40 pesticide users. All but one of the respondents reported using protective clothing for pesticide protection; 83 percent wear coveralls; 38 percent of respondents wear protective clothing at least two times a week. A total of 68 percent of respondents are pesticide applicators; others transport, mix, load pesticides or clean equipment. Respondents universally agree that protective clothing is important, but only 14 percent felt that they got a lot of protection from the garments currently worn. Results from content analysis of interviews reveal the major complaint regarding coveralls is that they are too hot, followed by dissatisfaction with the lack of size variation available and concerns that they rip too easily. A minority of respondents indicated tear frequency of once a month or more. Tears typically occur in the leg or thigh area due to catching on an object or a machine. A database of about 100 photographs is being categorized by body position, size of respondent and fit analyses to determine the most common fit problems and areas of stress for the coveralls. Results from this analysis will contribute to the design development of a new coverall. A study of the change in body measurements of the shoulder and arm in working positions was conducted using the body scanner. Data were collected for 25 subjects in four different arm and shoulder positions. Eighteen upper torso measurements were taken from the total of 100 body scans and comparisons were made among the body positions. Results showed significant changes in 41 percent of the measurement values among the dynamic postures. Shoulder length, interscye front and back widths, and biacromion length were the items prominently influenced by the dynamic postures. Neck circumferences and neck-to-waist measurements did not show many significant differences. Data from a study of 50 subjects in seated and standing positions is currently being analyzed. Work continues at New York on validation of scanner procedures and experiments with scans of clothed subjects and subjects in working positions. A process of taking multiple scans and merging them using both automated and manual scan manipulation to minimize areas of missing data has been developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); this process is being evaluated for usefulness in the scanning of protective coveralls. Ongoing projects are underway on the use of body scan data to improve or create effective sizing systems. An anthropometric database of the population, SizeUSA, has become available this year, and methods of creating sizing systems for specific demographic segments (such as manual workers) from the US population are being explored. Following methods developed by New York, California has initiated a similar study of pesticide protective clothing. Data collection is still in progress. Objective 2: To examine user acceptance and barriers to acceptance of PPE products and practices. California has completed a survey of healthcare workers and hospital purchasing agents perceptions of medical textiles, including fabrics with a new biocidal finish and the data are being analyzed. To assist other investigators with research on this topic, as requested last year, two annotated bibliographies have been prepared. One list is limited to articles that are directly related to medical textiles and the other includes references that, while not directly related, provide useful background information. New York conducted a study on wearing lined vs. unlined gloves. In the fall of 2004, USEPA implemented a new policy allowing pesticide applicators to wear disposable glove liners. This information and findings from the NY-IA study (published in 2005) were incorporated into educational materials for pesticide applicators. Topics included liner sources, fit, donning and doffing procedures, and disposal. New York continues to analyze the data from the PPE-Engineering Controls Survey conducted in NY, IA, and MI with the intention to submit an article for publication. A related review of pesticide labels is under way to connect the survey results with PPE statements. An educational tool that clarifies which protective garments can be omitted when specific engineering controls are used is being developed. Outreach on PPE continues for pesticide applicators, their families, and agriculture and safety educators through certification training, exhibits, publications, websites, and telephone responses. New items this year include: a PowerPoint presentation on glove liners; a poster on the PPE-Engineering Controls Survey; and an update of the pesticide applicator teaching kit with new respirators, vests for backpack sprayers, and glove liners. New York continues to maintain the NC-170 Regional Research website on a server in the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University. Website hits total 2577 with March receiving the most visitors and November the fewest. Browsers MSIE6.x and MSIE5.x account for 76 percent of the traffic. The primary search engines are Google (44 percent), MSN (32 percent), and Yahoo (14 percent). Oklahoma continued the cooling vest research via a HSARPA Phase I contract with a private company. The goal of the research was development of a smaller cooler unit to be interfaced with a cooling garment. Oklahoma State University conducted a focus group study with first responders to obtain their feedback on the cooler and the garment. User feedback was positive and some technical hurdles were overcome with the cooler. Objective 3: To develop performance specifications for protective clothing materials. Maryland has conducted a study to determine testing required to measure the protective performance of repellent fabrics under varied conditions. Twenty-one cotton, cotton/polyester and polyester fabrics with repellent finishes were used for the study. A wash-test sequence cycle was used to measure the fabric performance after repeated laundering, and a wash-iron-test sequence was used to measure performance after washing and ironing. In addition, tests were conducted to determine the effect of perspiration on penetration through the fabrics. Based on the findings, it is recommended that percent penetration for repellent fabrics be measured after 1 accelerated laundering as well as after 6 and 10 launderings. In addition, it is recommended that a qualitative test be conducted to determine the performance of the repellent fabrics that are wet due to perspiration. Maryland also conducted laboratory tests to screen fabrics for Safe Use Initiatives (SUI) in Europe. The data were shared with SUI group. Worker exposure studies will be conducted by the group in 2005 and 2006. Results of the study will be shared with UMES. Maryland corresponded with the manager for the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Task Group in the US regarding access to worker exposure data for studies conducted in the United States. The protocol used for the study measures only the amount of penetration through the workers clothing onto the inner dosimeter. Limited information is being collected on the clothing worn by the worker. The manager is looking into the possibilities of collecting additional information that would improve the fabric descriptions of the clothing worn by the workers. Minnesota also collaborated with UMES in delivery of the Minnesota Sun Smart program to educate citizens of the state of Minnesota about safety measures to prevent over-exposure to sun/UV rays. Texas has perfected a sliding friction method. The normalized composite factor is gaining acceptance as a useful factor to quantify the hand-related surface mechanical properties of textile materials. The need for a refined methodology and standard for the frictional properties of textiles was emphasized in the spring meeting of the RA-89 Committee on hand Evaluation of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.

Publications / Presentations by State California Publications In press Jianhua Wu and Ning Pan, Grab and Strip Tensile Strengths for Woven Fabrics: An Experimental Verification, Textile Research Journal In print 2005 D. Lukas, V. Soukupova, Ning Pan and D. V. Parikh, Computer Simulation of 3-D Liquid Transport in Fibrous Materials, SIMULATION: Transactions of SMS, 80, 547 - 557. 2004 Yuyu Sun and Gang Sun, Novel Refreshable N-Halamine Polymeric Biocides: N Chlorination of Aromatic Polyamides, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 43, 5015-5020. 2004 Zaisheng Cai and Gang Sun, Antimicrobial Finishing of Acrilan Fabrics with Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Vol. 94. 243-247. 2005 Gang Sun and S. Dave Worley, Chemistry of Durable and Regenerable Biocidal Textiles. Journal of Chemical Education, V82, No. 1 p60-64 2005 Minghua Ma and Gang Sun, Antimicrobial Cationic Dyes: Part 3: Simultaneous dyeing and antimicrobial finishing of acrylic fabrics, Dyes and Pigments, V66, No. 1, 33-41 2005 Lei Qian and Gang Sun, Durable and Regenerable Antimicrobial Textiles: Chlorine Transfer among Halamine Structures, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. V44, No. 4, p853-856 2005 Zaisheng Cai and Gang Sun, Antimicrobial Finishing of Acrilan Fabrics with Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Affected Properties and Structures submitted to Journal of Applied Polymer Science. V97, No. 3, 1227-1236 Colorado Manuscript Sarkar, A.K. (2004). An evaluation of UV protection imparted by cotton fabrics dyed with natural colorants. BMC Dermatology, 4:15, Paper doi:10.1186/1471-5945-4-15. Retrieved July 26, 2005, from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-5945/4/15. Presentations Sarkar, A.K. (2004). Influence of enzymatic treatment on ultraviolet properties of cotton fabrics [Abstract]. In: Conference Proceedings, 4th International Conference on Safety & Protective Fabrics, Industrial Fabrics Association International, 283. Sarkar, A.K.., & DiVerdi, J.A. (2004). A method for predicting the ultraviolet protection factor of fabrics by calculating percent cover using a digital stereo microscope [Abstract]. Proceedings from the Sixty-first Annual Conference of the International Textile and Apparel Association., International Textile and Apparel Association. Maryland Publication 2004 Shaw, Anugrah and Ruchika Abbi, "Comparison of Gravimetric and Gas Chromatographic Methods for Assessing Performance of Textile Materials against Liquid Pesticides", International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol.10, No.3, 255-261 (2004) Presentations Shaw, Anugrah and Ruchika Abbi, (2004), Online System for Selection of Clothing Materials for Pesticide Users, International Conference on High Performance Textiles and Apparel, Coimbatore, India Minnesota Publications Bye, E. & LaBat, K. (2005). An analysis of apparel industry fit session. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology Management, 4(3). 1-5. Schofield, N. & LaBat, K. (2005). Exploring the relationships of grading, sizing and anthropometric data. Clothing and Textile Research Journal, 23(1), 13-27. LaBat, K. DeLong, M., Gahring, S. (2005). A longitudinal study of sun-protective attitudes and behaviors, Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33(3), 240-254. Schofield, N. & LaBat, K. (2005) Defining and testing the assumptions used in current apparel grading practice. Clothing and Textile Research Journal. 23(3), 135-150 In Press Bye, E., LaBat, K., & DeLong, M. Analysis of body measurement methods for apparel. Clothing and Textile Research Journal, Schofield, N., Ashdown, S., Hethorn, J., LaBat, K, & Salusso, C. Testing quality of fit of two pattern shapes for women 55 and older. Clothing and Textile Research Journal New York In Print Full Length Articles Dunne, L. E., Ashdown, S. P., & Smyth, B. Expanding Garment Functionality through Embedded Electronic Technology, Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management 4(3). 2005. Lee, Seungsin and Obendorf, S. Kay. Statistical Model of Pesticide Penetration through Woven Work Clothing Fabrics, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 49. 2005. Loker, S., Ashdown, S. P., & Schoenfelder, K. Size-specific Analysis of Body Scan Data to Improve Apparel Fit, Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 4(3). 2005. < http://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume4issue3/articles/Loker/Loker_full_136_05.pdf> Obendorf, S. K., Lemley, A..T., Hedge, A., Kline, A. A., Tan, K. and Dokuchayeva, T. Distribution of Pesticide Residue within Homes in Central New York State, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 49. 2005. Stone, J. F., Coffman, C. W., Imerman, P. M., Song, K. and Shelley, M. Cotton Liners to Mediate Glove Comfort for Greenhouse Applicators, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48: 1-9. 2005. In Press Full Length Articles Ashdown, S. P. and OConnell, E. K. Comparison of Test Protocols for Judging the Fit of Mature Womens Apparel, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (in press). Ashdown, S. P., Slocum, A., and Lee Y. A. The Third Dimension for Apparel Designers: Visual Assessment of Hat Designs for Sun Protection Using 3-D Scan Images, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (in press). Submitted Full Length Articles Lee, Seungsin and Obendorf, S. Kay. Barrier Effectiveness and Thermal Comfort of Protective Clothing Materials, Journal of the Textile Institute (submitted) Thesis completed Seungsin Lee. Protective Clothing Materials to Limit Liquid Penetration, PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, May 2005. Abstracts Ashdown, S.P., Choi, M.S., Raymond, D., and Milke, E. Automated Side Seam Placement from 3-D Body Scan Data. International Textile and Apparel Association Conference Proceedings. November, 2004. Coffman, C. Stone, J. F., Slocum, A., Landers, A., Schwab, C., and Olsen, L. Pesticide Applicators Use and Understanding of Personal Protective Equipment and Engineering Controls, Midwest Rural Agricultural Safety and Health Forum Proceedings, Coralville, IA. October, 2004. Petrova, A. & Ashdown, S.P. Analysis of Body Scan Data for Best Fit of Pants, International Textile and Apparel Association Conference Proceedings. November, 2004. Stone, J. F., Coffman, C. W., Imerman, P., Song, K. and Shelley, M. Glove Liner Wear Study, International Textile and Apparel Association Conference Proceedings. November, 2004. Stone, J. F., Coffman, C. W., Imerman, P., Song, K. and Shelley, M. Glove Liner Wear Study, Midwest Rural Agricultural Safety and Health Forum Proceedings, Coralville, IA. October, 2004. Non-Refereed Publications Coffman, C. The Agricultural Health Study, Textiles & Apparel News 21 (3): 4. July, 2005. Coffman, C. EPA Approves Glove Liners, Textiles & Apparel News 21 (2): 4. April, 2005. Coffman, C. Browsing Websites: EPA, Textiles & Apparel News 20 (5): 4. November, 2004. Presentations Ashdown, S.P., Choi, M.S., Raymond, D., and Milke, E. Automated Side Seam Placement from 3-D Body Scan Data. International Textile and Apparel Association Conference, Portland, Oregon. November, 2004. Ashdown, S.P., Loker, S., Schoenfelder, K., & Petrova, A. Comparison of Sitting and Standing 3-D Body Measurements of the Lower Body. Symposium on Advanced Materials and Processes, Fiber Society Annual Meeting, Ithaca, NY. October, 2004. Ashdown, S.P., Loker, S., Lyman-Clarke, L., & Schoenfelder, K. Visual Fit Analysis from 3-D Scans (Poster Session), Fiber Society Annual Meeting, Ithaca, NY. October, 2004. Ashdown, S. P., Petrova, A., & Loker, S. A Comparison of Body Variation Among Women with Different BMI Scores, and Implications for Sizing of Apparel (Poster Session), American Association of Family and Consumer Science, Minneapolis, MN. June 26-27, 2005. Coffman, C. Stone, J. F., Slocum, A., Landers, A., Schwab, C., and Olsen, L. Pesticide Applicators Use and Understanding of Personal Protective Equipment and Engineering Controls (Poster Session), Midwest Rural Agricultural Safety and Health Forum, Coralville, IA. October, 2004. Lee, J.R. & Ashdown, S.P. A Comparison of Body Surface Change to Evaluate Traditional and 3-D Body Scan Anthropometric Measures for Dynamic Postures (Poster Session), Fiber Society Annual Meeting, Ithaca, NY. October, 2004. Petrova, A. & Ashdown, S.P. Analysis of Body Scan Data for Best Fit of Pants, International Textile and Apparel Association Conference, Portland, Oregon. November, 2004. Stone, J. F., Coffman, C. W., Imerman, P., Song, K. and Shelley, M. Glove Liner Wear Study, International Textile and Apparel Association Conference, Portland, OR. November, 2004. Stone, J. F., Coffman, C. W., Imerman, P., Song, K. and Shelley, M. Glove Liner Wear Study, Midwest Rural Agricultural Safety and Health Forum, Coralville, IA. October, 2004. Stone, J. F., Coffman, C. W., Imerman, P., Song, K. and Shelley, M. Glove Liner Wear Study (Poster Session), Fiber Society Annual Meeting, Ithaca, NY. October, 2004. Non-refereed Presentations Coffman, C. PPE Statements on Pesticide Labels, Advanced Horticulture School, Rochester, NY, February, 2005. Coffman, C. PPE When Handling Pesticides, Pesticide Applicator Certification Orientation, Ithaca, NY. January, 2005. Internet Occupational Safety and Protective Clothing, http://txnc170.human.cornell.edu/ Personal Pesticide Protection, http://www.humec.cornell.edu/units/txa/extension/pest/ Body Scanning for Apparel, http://www.explore.cornell.edu/bodyscanner Sizing and Fit of Apparel, http://www.human.cornell.edu/txa/faculty/SizingSystems/index_flash.html Oklahoma Refereed Presentations Cao, H., Harmon, H. J., Nam, J., Branson, D. H. (2004, October) Spectroscopic detection of cyanide in water using porphyrin dyed cotton fabrics. Fiber Society Annual Conference, Ithaca, NY. Cao, H., Harmon, H. J., Branson, D. H. (2005, November) Detection of organophosphate by porphyrin solution and porphyrin-dyed cotton fabric. ITAA Annual Conference, Alexandria, VA. Rupert, N.L., Matic, P., Hubler, G.,K. Frost, J., Branson, D., R.S., Blethen, W.C., Sprague, J.S., Simmons, K., Farr, C., and Peksoz, S. (2005). 22nd International Symposium of Ballistics, Vancouver, British Columbia. Refereed Publications Branson, D.H., Farr, C.A., Peksoz, S., Nam, J., and Cao, H., (2005). Development of a prototype personal cooling system for the first responders: User Feedback. Journal of ASTM International, 2(2), 1-11. Cao, H. Branson, D.H., Nam, J., Peksoz, S. and Farr, C.A. (2005). Development of a cooling capability test method for liquid-cooled textile systems. Journal of ASTM International, 2(1), 1-10. Nam, J., Branson, D.H., Ashdown, S., Cao, H., Jin, B., Peksoz, S., and Farr, C. (2005). Fit analysis of liquid cooled vest prototypes using 3D body scanning technology. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology Managament, 4(3). Starr, C., Branson, D.H., Shehab, R., Farr, C., Ownbey, S., and Swinney, J. (2005). Biomechanical analysis of a prototype sports bra. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Managament, 4(3). Matic, Peter, and Habler, G. (2005). Extreme Armor. Armed Forces Journal. 2, 49-50. Theses/Dissertations Semra Peksoz, A Physiological Study of the Effectiveness of Two Prototype Portable Cooling Vests, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, July, 2005. Texas Accomplishments (Patents/Peer-reviewed Papers Only) Patents S. S. Ramkumar, Development of Leather Based Ballistic Protection Composites Shield, US Patent # 6,862,971 (date of issue: March 8, 2005). S. S. Ramkumar, Method of Producing Chemical Protective Composite Substrate, (Patent Pending). Peer-Reviewed Articles Ramkumar, S.S., Rajanala, R., Parameswaram, S., Sarkar, A.K. and Sawhney, A.P.S., Friction Characterization of polymeric materials-A review, AATCC Review, 2005 5(2), 17-20 Thandavmoorthy Subbiah, Bhat, G. S., Tock, R. W., Parameswaran, S. and Ramkumar, S. S. (2005), Electrospinning of Nanofiber, Journal of Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 96(2), 557-569. Shastri, L., Ramkumar, S. S., Sarkar, A., Shelly, D. C., and Tock, R. W., Frictional Studies of a Novel Antiballistic Chest Shield, AATCC Review, 5 (4): 25-29 APR 2005. S. S. Ramkumar, R. Mahmud, L. Shastri and S. Chinnasami,  Hand Evaluation of Nonwoven Fabrics Using Friction Based Method, AATCC Review (accepted/in-print). Theses Completed Uday B. Godsey, Experimental Study of the Frictional Characteristics of Cotton Fabrics, Texas Tech University, December 2004.