Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

1. The 2014 (FY14) annual business meeting of the NE 1048 Multistate research project was called to order at 5:56 pm by chair David Kerr. 2. Copies of the FY13 business meeting minutes were distributed. A motion for approval was seconded and the FY13 business meeting minutes were approved by unanimous vote. 3. Introduction of members and new members: Attending members introduced themselves. Members present: 15 stations represented 4. No new members were added. There was brainstorming as to who else might be invited to join the group and the Chair agreed to contact those people. They were: Kevin Anderson (North Carolina State), Patrick Gorden (Iowa State), Corwin Nelson (University of Florida), John Lippolis (USDA, Ames), Sharif Aly (University of California, Davis), Dave Kelton (University of Guelph), Sarah Wagner (North Dakota State University), Erin Royster (University of Minnesota) 5. Chairman’s remarks: David Kerr indicated that there were 32 talks at the 2012 meeting (in 2014 there were 51). He congratulated the group for winning the Multistate Hatch Project Award and passed out the award letters. Station worksheet: the annual report is due within 60 days of this meeting, the mid-term report is due in 2015, and the next rewrite and termination reports are due in 2017. 6. There was no Project Administrator’s report. 7. Pam Ruegg found out that the individual is listed on our Appendix E list (David Eide) from the Univ. Wisconsin – Dept. of Nutritional Sciences wishes to remain on the list. 8. Jeffrey Bewley was nominated to serve as NE1048 secretary, agreed to accept the nomination, and was elected. 9. The 2015 NE1048 meeting will again piggyback onto the NMC meeting. It was decided that NE1048 will be Wednesday February 4 (starting in the morning) and Thursday February 5 in Memphis, TN. Bill Owens will communicate with Anne Saeman about the logistics. 10. Seeing no other business the meeting was adjourned after a motion and second.

OBJECTIVE 1: Characterization of host mechanisms associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance. CONNECTICUT: Work was completed on a collaborative study with Yale University. This study focused on correlating antibiotic resistance genes in feces with antibiotic treatment of mastitis. This study combined functional metagenomics with third-generation PacBio sequencing to significantly extend the roster of functional antibiotic resistance genes found in animal gut bacteria, providing a particularly broad resource for understanding the origins and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes in agriculture and clinical settings. DELAWARE: Evaluated how assay conditions could be changed to improve in vitro assessment of bovine neutrophil function. Found that decreasing pore size increased sensitivity of neutrophil chemotaxis measures. GEORGIA: Dietary supplementation of OmniGen® for 60 days prepartum to dairy heifers promoted L-selectin expression on blood leukocytes, increased in vitro phagocytic ability of blood neutrophils and monocytes against S. aureus and E. coli, and stabilized reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by blood neutrophils compared with leukocytes from unsupplemented control heifers. MARYLAND: Determined that citrus oil may be a promising new therapy for mastitis control. Over-feeding energy prepartum provides new linkages for improving animal health as it relates to prepartum nutritional management. Using RNAseq, a large communication from the mammary to the liver was observed regarding host response during E.coli mastitis challenge. Metabolic parameters after E. coli mastitis challenge are altered and nutrients improve neutrophil response in vitro. Results may led to new therapies for controlling mastitis. MICHIGAN: We continued to study the impact of negative energy balance and fat mobilization vascular endothelial and adipose inflammatory responses of in vitro by changing the expression of important inflammatory mediators. In particular, the role of n-3 fatty acid content in altering the profile of vasoactive eicosanoids and the role of poly-unsaturated fatty acids on attenuating endothelial cell inflammatory responses, as well as lymphocyte expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was a central aim of our work. MINNESOTA: We evaluated the associations among peripartum metabolic parameters and cure of sub-clinical mastitis in the dry period and incidence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis postpartum in Jersey cows. Likelihood of incidence of sub-clinical mastitis within 34 d postpartum and likelihood of clinical mastitis in the first 21 d had a negative association with BCS -21 d relative to calving. We conclude from this experiment that BCS -21 d relative to calving, BCS change during the prepartum period, and NEFA concentration in the peripartum period are associated with udder health during the transition period, which is likely a consequence of the association between energy status and immune function. MISSOURI: In FY13, the University of Missouri completed work relating subclinical hypocalcemia at calving to peripartum disease occurrence including clinical and subclinical mastitis. NEW JERSEY: We found that strains defective in iron-sulfur cluster metabolism are hyper-sensitive to neutrophil oxidative killing and has decreased tissue colonization in mouse model of infections. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that mammals prevent infection by disrupting iron-sulfur cluster metabolism. In addition, lactoferrin is produced to prevent Fe acquisition by microorganisms. Over the last year we have identified three novel factors required for intracellular iron metabolism (Nfu, Bsh, SufT). We have defined a function for one of these proteins (Nfu) in Fe-S cluster trafficking. VIRGINIA: We have complemented our previous in vitro studies characterization T cell responses to dendritic cells presenting S. aureus antigens using in vivo challenge models. Specifically, we challenged cows with intramammary infusion of S. aureus and tracked immune responses through analysis by flow cytometry of milk immune cells. We are currently compiling data and finding a change in T cell profiles depending on type of S. aureus used for challenge, suggesting an ability to manipulate SCC profiles of the mammary gland. TENNESSEE: 1) CXCR1, an immune related gene, is expressed on mammary epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and leukocytes in the mammary tissue. This has a tremendous impact on early immune responses in the gland when it’s ligand, IL-8, is released during infection. 2) Specific CXCR1 genetic haplotypes can distinguish S. uberis growth and subsequent strength of inflammatory responses following intramammary challenge with S. uberis. This suggests CXCR1 can be helpful in genetic selection decisions and provide a model system to better understand host responses that contribute to disease resistance. 3) S. uberis with a mutated/non-functional SUAM gene induced a lower level of inflammation in the mammary gland following intramammary challenge indicating this gene is significantly tied to growth of S. uberis in the gland. VERMONT: We are using dermal fibroblast cultures to model cow-to-cow variation in mastitis severity following experimental challenge. Some relation is apparent between the in vitro responses to stimulation with bacterial components and the in vivo responses to experimental challenge with mastitis causing pathogens. WASHINGTON: Whole blood was collected from 20 cows to determine neutrophil function after exposure to glucocorticoid and different strains of Mycoplasma bovis. Exposure of neutrophils to Mycoplasma bovis in addition to dexamethasone treatment had an additive effect on generation of reactive oxygen species but not on phagocytosis. Only one strain tested did not further modulate O-2 production in combination with dexamethasone. Overall, neutrophils exposed to M. bovis did not exhibit impaired function. These findings may explain in part the interaction between stressful events and outbreak of Mycoplasma bovis associated bovine disease. OBJECTIVE 2: Characterization and manipulation of virulence factors of mastitis pathogens for enhancing host defense. GEORGIA: Characterization and manipulation of virulence factors of mastitis pathogens for enhancing host defense. Assessment of >150 non-hemolytic staphylococcal isolates from heifers and cows from 3 herds, presumptively identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) on blood agar demonstrated that 38% of isolates were actually S. aureus based on coagulase production, fermentation of mannitol, and the API staph test system, suggesting that a significant proportion of S. aureus are diagnosed as CNS, and additional testing be performed to correctly identify such isolates. LOUISIANA: Diagnosis and evaluation of mastitis pathogens causing clinical mastitis including Mycoplasma mastitis is continuing. MISSOURI: The University of Missouri continues to work on characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) infection and colonization of the mammary gland in dairy cows and heifers. NEW JERSEY: Factors that promote biofilm formation are virulence factors in S. aureus. We have found that S. aureus stains that are defective in iron-sulfur cluster metabolism have increased multicellular behavior resulting in biofilm formation. This is a deterministic process governed by the Fe-S cluster containing AirSR two-component regulatory system. We have also aided in defining a function for the giant staphylococcal adhesion (Ebh), which has a role in multicellular behavior. We found that ebh expression is governed by the Arl two-component regulatory system. OHIO: The treatment of mammary glands with an immunomodulator at drying off had no effect on SCC the first 48 hours after treatment and no efficacy for preventing intramammary infections and clinical mastitis following experimental challenge with Streptococcus uberis O140J 48 after treatment. OTHER: A project aims to determine the epidemiology of CNS on western Canadian dairies. A manuscript in is preparation comparing cpn60 with rpoB for the speciation of CNS isolates (University of Saskatchewan). VERMONT: We have initiated a study characterizing the biofilm forming potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of 90 Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from bulk milk of 44 organic dairy farms in Vermont. We have found an association between the ability of an isolate to form biofilms in vitro and MLST sequence type. VIRGINIA: Using irradiated and live S. aureus cultures, we are identifying a role for virulence factors in immune suppression, activation, and manipulation. These cultures were used in challenge trials to determine a role for virulence factors in influx of somatic cells to the mammary gland. Interestingly, primary challenge with irradiated S. aureus did not induce migration of immune cells to the gland as compared with live S. aureus. WISCONSIN: We are determining how fungal cells thrive under conditions of zinc deficiency such as those encountered in a mammalian host. Our focus is on the ICY2 gene and its function. Icy2 is fungal specific and essential for zinc-limited growth making it an attractive target for antifungal drug therapies. OBJECTIVE 3: Assessment and application of new technologies that advance mastitis control, milk quality and dairy food safety. CONNECTICUT: The validation of ultrasound imaging for detection of mastitis is in progress. Histology and microbiology of ultrasound identified areas of possible infection within the mammary gland parenchyma have resulted in a 90% rate of positively identifying an area of inflammation and infection using ultrasound imaging. GEORGIA: Assessment and application of new technologies that advance mastitis control, milk quality and dairy food safety. Use of a bovine staphylococcal vaccine in dairy goats reduced the new infection rate, increased spontaneous cures, and lowered herd SCC in a commercial dairy operation. Incorporation of Immunoboost® into a Lysigin® vaccine protocol for dairy heifers improved antistaphylococcal antibody titers up to 4 fold compared to Lysigin® alone. KENTUCKY: An 18 month study to examine the mastitis detection potential of 10 different Precision Dairy Farming technologies will start in October 2014. Multiple decision support tools aimed at improving milk quality and reducing mastitis have been developed. LOUISIANA: Evaluation of novel food grade antiseptics for potential teat dip applications is under way using AOAC and excised teat evaluation. MAINE: During 2013, our lab investigated methods for reducing prototheca on dairy farms, including use of alternative bedding and the effectiveness of essential oils against P. zopfii. Educational workshops were held for producers on the topics of prototheca diagnosis, and risk reduction measures for licensed raw milk producers. MICHIGAN: As part of a multistate USDA-NIFA funded project, we are developing an on-farm evaluation system for milk quality and reduction of antibiotic use. The evaluation system (Quality Milk Alliance) will bring together traditional management assessment related to mastitis control as well as a novel integration with understanding social and communication barriers to change on the part of dairy producers and employees. MINNESOTA: We conducted a study was to describe the test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, etc.) when using the Minnesota Easy Culture System II Bi-plate and Tri-plate to identify common mastitis pathogens in milk for each of the following diagnostic categories: No bacterial growth (NG), Contaminated (three or more organisms), Gram-positive (GP), Gram-negative (GN), Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Other. Our conclusion was that Bi-plate and Tri-plate results will be most accurate when used to classify infections in broad diagnostic categories such NG, GP or GN, with intermediate accuracy to identify infections as being caused by Staph. spp., Strep. spp., or Staph. aureus. However, with the exception of Staph. aureus, accuracy suffers when trying to diagnose other pathogens at the genus and species level. MISSOURI: In FY13, the University of Missouri completed several studies evaluating techniques for evaluating teat sealant efficacy in dry cows. OHIO: 1) Bacterial counts of mastitis pathogens in deep packed manure solids bedding were compared with those in manure solids bedding replaced daily from mattresses. Daily replacement of recycled manure bedding from the back one-third of stalls appears to be an effective approach to reducing exposure to coliforms, specifically Klebsiella, but not streptococci. 2) Milk constituents and physical activity of cows experimentally infected with Streptococcus uberis mastitis were compared with those of uninfected cows. Changes in percentage of lactose in milk and animal activity caused by experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis were detected by the automated milk analyzer and pedometer systems. OTHER: Evaluation of a novel treatment for S. aureus mastitis (University of Saskatchewan). UTAH: Completed study comparing blood test strips, milk test strips and Fossomatic automated milk analysis for beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in early lactation dairy cattle. Improved calibration is needed for high throughput detection and classification of ketotic cows. VERMONT: We have initiated a study to characterize the epidemiology of Staphylococcus species on dairy farms that produce artisanal or farmstead cheeses. VIRGINIA: We are continuing our work in the area of disease detection with the use of daily milk component and animal activity monitoring. In the past year, we completed a study examining changes in milk components and animal activity in early lactation for animals that experienced naturally-occurring mastitis. Our results show changes in rest bouts, rest time, step activity and milk yield prior to onset of clinical signs. Early detection of disease may lead to reduced economic losses associated with mastitis. WASHINGTON: Reduction of mastitis pathogen strains on teat skin exposed to 4 postmilking teat dips was evaluated; and pathogen reduction using 3 premilking teat dip contact times, 15, 30, and 45 s, was determined. Strains within species were not uniformly sensitive to disinfectants tested. Optimal contact time varied between dips and optimal contact time, a function of teat dip used, ranged from 15-30 seconds. Findings suggest that common teat disinfectants used before milking, predips, need only remain on the teat for 15-30 seconds before milking to effect an optimal reduction in mastitis pathogen load. Clinical mastitis (CM) records from 24 dairies were uploaded to WSU’s HEALTHSUM™ software. The average percentage of CM in a month that recurred was 8% (range, 1-17%); RTX was 15% (range, 0-40%).

PEER-REVIEWED LITERATURE CONNECTICUT: Proietto, R.L., L.S. Hinckley, L.K. Fox, and S. M. Andrew. 2013. Evaluation of a clay-based acidic bedding conditioner for dairy cattle bedding. J. Dairy Sci. 96:1044-1053. GEORGIA: Ryman, V.E., S.C. Nickerson, D.J. Hurley, R.D. Berghaus, and F.M. Kautz. 2013. Influence of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) on teat skin condition, intramammary infection, and serum anti-S. aureus antibody titres in Holstein heifers. Res. Vet. Sci. 95: 343-346. Ryman, V.E., S.C. Nickerson, F.M. Kautz, D.J. Hurley, L.O. Ely, Y.Q. Wang, and N.E. Forsberg. 2013. Effect of dietary supplementation on the antimicrobial activity of blood leukocytes isolated from Holstein heifers. Res. Vet. Sci. 95:969-974. Nickerson, S.C. and S.P. Oliver. 2013. How well have US dairy producers adopted mastitis control technologies for reducing herd somatic cell counts and improving milk quality? The Professional Animal Scientist. 30:115-124. KENTUCKY: Black, R.A., J.L. Taraba, G.B. Day, F.A. Damasceno, M.C. Newman, K.A. Akers, C.L. Wood, K.J. McQuerry, and J.M. Bewley. 2013. The relationship between compost bedded pack performance and management and bacterial concentrations. J. Dairy Sci. 97: 2669-2679. Black, R.A., J.L. Taraba, G.B. Day, F. A. Damasceno, and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Compost bedded pack dairy barn management, performance, and producer satisfaction. J. Dairy Sci. 96: 8060-8074. Liang, D., C.L. Wood, K.J. McQuerry, D.L Ray, J.D Clark, and J.M Bewley. 2013. Influence of breed, milk production, season, and ambient temperature on dairy cow reticulorumen temperature. J. Dairy Sci. 96: 5072-5081. Sterrett, A.E. and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Characterization of management practices used by low somatic cell count Kentucky dairy herds. Professional Animal Scientist. 29: 359-366. Smith, A.C., C.O. Coombs, and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Management practices employed by top Kentucky milk production herds. Professional Animal Scientist. 29: 367-371. Smith, S.M., E.A. Chaney, and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Short Communication: Planning Considerations for On-Farm Dairy Processing Enterprises. J. Dairy Sci. 96: 4519-4522. Sterrett, A.E., C.L. Wood, K.J. McQuerry, J.M. Bewley. 2013. Changes in teat end hyperkeratosis after installation of an individual quarter pulsation milking system. J. Dairy Sci. 96: 4041-4046. Russell, R.A. and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Characterization of Kentucky dairy producer decision making behavior. J. Dairy Sci. 96: 4751-4758 MAINE: Adhikari, N, H. Boniauto, and A. Lichtenwalner. 2013. Dairy bedding type affects prototheca survival in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 96:7739-42. MARYLAND: Ingvartsen, K.L. and K.M. Moyes. 2013. Nutrition, immune function and health of dairy cattle. Animal. 7(Suppl 1):112-122. Graugnard, D.E., M. Bionaz, E. Trevisi, M. Mukesh, M. Ordonez, K.M. Moyes, J.L. Salak-Johnson, R.L. Wallace, J.K. Drackley, G. Bertoni, and J.J. Loor. 2012. Blood immunometabolic indices and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in peripartal dairy cows are altered by level of dietary energy prepartum. J. Dairy Sci. 95:1749-1758. Bjerre-Harpøth, V., N.C. Friggens, V.M. Thorup, T. Larsen, B.M. Damgaard, K.L. Ingvartsen, and K.M. Moyes. 2012. Metabolic and production profiles of dairy cows in response to decreased nutrient density to increase physiological imbalance at different stages of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 95:2362-2380. Moyes, K.M. , E. Bendixen, M.S. Codrea, and K.L. Ingvartsen. 2013. Identification of hepatic biomarkers for physiological imbalance of dairy cows in early and mid-lactation using proteomic technology. J. Dairy Sci. 96:3599-3610. Moyes, K.M. , T. Larsen, and K.L. Ingvartsen. 2013. Generation of an index for physiological imbalance and its use as a predictor of disease in dairy cows during early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 96:2161-2170. Graugnard, D.E., K.M. Moyes, E. Trevisi, M.J. Khan, D. Keisler, J.K. Drackley, G. Bertoni, and J.J. Loor. 2013. Liver lipid content and inflammometabolic indices in peripartal dairy cows are altered in response to prepartal energy intake and postpartal intramammary inflammatory challenge. J. Dairy Sci. 95:1749-1758. MICHIGAN: Bello, N.M., J.P. Steibel, R.J. Erskine, and R.J. Tempelman. 2013. Cows and herds constitute distinct hierarchical levels of heterogeneity in the variability of association between milk yield and pregnancy outcome in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96:2314-2326. MISSOURI: Chamberlin WG, Middleton JR, Spain JN, Johnson GC, Ellersieck MR, Pithua P. 2013. Association between subclinical hypocalcemia, plasma biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, postpartum disease, and fertility in post-parturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 96(11):7001-7013. Calcutt MJ, Foecking MF, Hsieh HY, Perry J, Stewart GC, Middleton JR. 2013. Genome sequence analysis of Staphylococcus equorum bovine mastitis isolate UMC-CNS-924. Genome Announc. Oct 17; 1(5). pii: e00840-13. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00840-13. Calcutt MJ, Foecking MF, Hsieh HY, Perry J, Stewart GC, Middleton JR. 2013. Draft genome sequence of Staphylococcus simulans UMC-CNS-990, isolated from a case of chronic bovine mastitis. Genome Announc. Dec 12;1(6). pii: e01037-13. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01037-13. NEW JERSEY: Yu J., Madsen M.L., Carruthers M.D., Phillips G.J., Kavanaugh J.S., Boyd J.M., Horswill A.R., Minion F.C. 2013. Analysis of Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing in Yersina pestis. Infect. Immun. Nov 15. PMID: 24247266. Price-Whelan A., Poon C.K., Benson M.A., Eidem T.T., Roux C.M., Boyd J.M., Dunman P.M., Torres V.J., Krulwich T.A. 2013. Transcriptional Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus During Growth in 2 M NaCl Leads to Clarification of Physiological Roles for Kdp and Ktr K+ Uptake Systems. MBio. Aug 20; 4(4). PMID: 23963175. Pang Y.Y., Schwartz J., Boyd J.M., Horswill AR, William M. Nauseef W.M. 2013. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases Protect against Oxidative Stress in Staphylococcus aureus Encountering Exogenous Oxidants and Human Neutrophils. J Innate Immun. Nov 15. PMID: 24331053 Walker J.N., Spaulding A., Salgado-Pabón W., Schlievert P.M., Boyd J.M., Horswill A.R. 2013. The Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two-component system is a novel regulator of agglutination and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog. Dec;9 PMID: 24367264. OHIO: Metzger, S.A., and J.S. Hogan. 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibility and frequency of resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 96:3044-3049. Geraghty,S.R., K.A. McNamara, C.E. Dillon, J.S. Hogan, J.J. Kwiek, S.A. Keim. 2013. Buying human milk via the internet: just a click away. Breastfeeding Medicine. 8:474-478. Keim,S.A., J.S. Hogan, K.A. McNamara, V. Gudimetla, C.E.Dillon, J.J. Kwiek and S.R. Geraghty. 2013. Microbial contamination of human milk purchased via the internet. Pediatrics. 132:1227-1235. OTHER: M. Cameron, G. P. Keefe, J. P. Roy, I. R. Dohoo, K. A. MacDonald and S. L. McKenna. Evaluation of a 3M Petrifilm on-farm culture system for the detection of intramammary infection at the end of lactation. Preventive Veterinary medicine. 2013. Vol. 111, Pp 1 – 9. S Dufour, I R Dohoo, H W Barkema, L DesCôteaux, T J DeVries, K K Reyher, J P Roy et D T Scholl. Coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection epidemiology in dairy cattle and impact of bacteriological culture misclassification. Journal Dairy Science. 2012. 95: 6, 3110-3124. J P Roy, G Keefe. Evidence-based veterinary in therapeutic management of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in lactation cows: what is the best therapeutic option between intramammary and systemic antibiotic treatment, and between intramammary antibiotics? Veterinary clinics of North America. Vol 28 no 1 Pp 39-50, mars 2012 S Dufour, I R Dohoo, H W Barkema, L DesCôteaux, T J DeVries K K Reyher, J P Roy et D T Scholl. Manageable risk factors associated with the lactational incidence, elimination, and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2012, Vol. 95, No 3 Pp. 1283-1300. E Doré, J Paré, G Côté, S Buczinski, O Labrecque, JP Roy et G Fecteau. Risk factors associated with transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to calves within dairy herd: a systematic review. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2012, 26: 1, Pp. 32-45. UTAH: Wilson, D.J. and G.M. Goodell. 2013. Comparison of blood strips, milk strips, and automated milk measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate in periparturient dairy cattle and resultant diagnoses of ketosis. J. Vet. Sci. Technol. 4:4:1-3. VERMONT: Kandasamy, S., and D.E. Kerr. 2012. Genomic analysis of between-cow variation in dermal fibroblast response to lipopolysaccharide. J. of Dairy Sci. 95: 3852-3864. VIRGINIA: Yeiser, E. E., K. E. Leslie, M. L. McGilliard and C. S. Petersson-Wolfe. 2012. The effects of experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis and flunixin meglumine administration on activity measures, feed intake, and milk parameters. J.Dairy Sci. 95(9): 4939-49. Fitzpatrick, C., N. Chapinal, C. Petersson-Woofe, T. DeVries, D. Kelton, T. Duffield, and K. Leslie. 2013. The effect of meloxicam on pain sensitivity and rumination time in dairy cows with experimentally-induced clinical mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 96(5):2847-56. Agunu, S., C. Petersson-Wolfe, G. Combs, Jr., and K. Petersson. 2013. Effect of vitamin E on the immune system of pregnant/lactating ewes. Sm. Ruminant Res. 111:83-89. WASHINGTON: Stanton, A.L., David F. Kelton, Stephen J. LeBlanc, Jeanne Wormuth, Lawrence K. Fox, and Kenneth E. Leslie. 2013. Effects of tulathromycin on incidence of various diseases and growth of young heifers. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 243: 267-276. R.L. Proietto, L.S. Hinckley, L.K. Fox, and S.M. Andrew. 2013. Evaluation of a clay-based acidic bedding conditioner for dairy cattle bedding. J. Dairy Sci. 96:1044-53. Harrison, E. M, G. K. Paterson, M.T. Holden, F.J. Morgan, A.R. Larsen, A. Petersen, S. Leroy, S. De Vliegher, V. Perreten, L.K. Fox, T.J. Lam, O.C. Sampimon, R.N. Zadoks, S. J. Peacock, J. Parkhill, and M.A. Holmes. 2013. A Staphyloccocus xylosus isolate with a new mecC allotype. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 57:1524-28. Lu, T., J.Y. Park, K. Parnell, L.K. Fox, M.A. McGuire. 2012. Characterization of fatty acid modifying enzyme actitity in staphylococcal mastitis isolates and other bacteria. BMC Research Notes. 5:323. BOOK CHAPTERS / PERIODICALS GEORGIA: Nickerson, S.C., F. M. Kautz, and E.L. Nace. 2013. Managing mastitis in dairy heifers to improve overall herd health. Bulletin (B 1416). UGA Cooperative Extension. 11 pp. http://www.caes.uga.edu/Publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_id=8046&pg=dl&ak=AnimalandDairyScience Nickerson, S.C. 2013. Management strategies to reduce heat stress, prevent mastitis, and improve milk quality in dairy cows and heifers. Bulletin (B 1426). UGA Cooperative Extension. 10 pp. http://www.caes.uga.edu/Publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_id=8082&pg=dl&ak=Animal%20and%20Dairy%20Science. Akers, R.M., A.V. Capuco, and S. C. Nickerson. 2013. Invited Review. Bovine Mammary Anatomy and Function. In Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle: Implications for Conservation". Cambridge University Press. In Press. Eubanks, V.J., and S. C. Nickerson. 2013. Are you ready for fly season? Hoard’s Dairyman. May 10, 2013, page 333. Nickerson, S. C. 2013. Mastitis management in heifers. Hoard’s West. September 25, 2013. Nickerson, S. C. 2013. Waging war in the udder. Hoards Dairyman Magazine. September 2013. Nickerson, S. C. 2013. Despite our best efforts to limit mastitis, bacteria may bridge a cow’s natural defenses and cause an infection. Hoards Dairyman Magazine. Young Dairymen Issue. In press. Nickerson, S. C. 2013. Proper prepping of cows for milking helps to improve milk quality, especially during hot, rainy weather. Georgia Dairyfax. July August September 2013. Pages 13-15. MICHIGAN: Ruegg PL, RJ Erskine and DE Morin. 2013. Mammary Gland Health. In Large Animal Internal Medicine, 5th edition, BP Smith, editor, pp. 1015-1043. VERMONT: Kerr, D.E. 2013. Genetic contributions to variation in response to mastitis. M2-Magazine (a mastitis extension magazine produced by University of Ghent, Belgium) 3(6):21-24. ABSTRACTS CONNECTICUT: Wichman, F., S. Andrew, and J. Handelsman. 2012. Effect of antibiotic use in dairy production on antibiotic resistance and microbial communities in manure. 14th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ISME 14), August 19, 2012. Alexander, E. J. Riesen, S. Andrew. 2013. Investigations in Early Detection and Diagnosis of Mastitis Utilizing Ultrasound Technology. University of Connecticut Frontiers in Undergraduate Research Poster Presentation. April 13, 2013. KENTUCKY: Mussell, H.A., J.L. Taraba, and J.M Bewley. 2013. Potential for compost bedded pack barns in sustainable organic dairy farming systems. Abstract T100. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Indianapolis, IN. Smith, S.M., J.M.Bewley, K.J. McQuerry, and C.L. Wood. 2013. Characterization of quarter milking pulsation and take-off in a conventional milking parlor. Abstract 257.American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Indianapolis, IN. Liang, D., L.M.Arnold, M.M.Schutz, and J.M.Bewley. 2013. Estimation of U.S.dairy disease costs through stochastic simulation. Abstract 351.American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Indianapolis, IN. Liang, D., M.M.Schutz, and J.M.Bewley. 2013.Stochastic simulation of the impact of commodity price variation on mastitis costs. NMC 52nd Annual Meeting, January 27-29, 2013 in San Diego, California. Black, R.A., J.L. Taraba, G.B. Day, F.A. Damasceno, and J.M. Bewley. 2012. Potential cow-focused benefits of compost bedded pack barns. Dairy Cattle Welfare Symposium. Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Black, R.A and J.M. Bewley. A decision support tool for investment analysis of new dairy housing facility construction. 2012. Abstract 644. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. Sterrett, A.E., C.L. Wood, K.J. McQuerry, and J.M. Bewley. 2012. Potential utility of a parlor-based individual quarter milking system. Abstract 534. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. Sterrett, A.E., K.N. Brock, B.I. Kiser, J.D. Clark, D.L. Ray, and J.M. Bewley. 2012. Detection of clinical and subclinical mastitis using reticulorumen temperatures. Abstract M110. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ. MARYLAND: A.R. Ervin, R. Peters, T. McCoy, and K.M. Moyes. 2013. A survey on the challenges and opportunities regarding the transition from conventional to automatic milking systems (AMS) in the Northeastern (NE) United States. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (Suppl. 1): 179 K.M. Moyes, J. S. Osorio, V. Bjerre-Harpøth, B.M. Damgaard, V.M. Thorup, T. Larsen, J. J. Loor, and K. L. Ingvartsen. 2013. Identification of biomarkers in milk for degree of physiological imbalance (PI) for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90 (Suppl. 1): 293. A. Hosseini, K.M. Moyes, F.T. da Rosa, J.K. Drackley, and J.J. Loor. 2013. Level of dietary energy alters in vitro adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and inflammatory response to TNF-alpha. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (Suppl. 1): 517. K.M. Moyes, D.E. Graugnard, J.K. Drackley, M.J. Khan, M. Bionaz and J.J. Loor. 2013. Neutrophil (PMN) expression of extracellular trap formation and immunometabolic genes in response to prepartal energy intake and postpartal intramammary (IM) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in postpartal dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (Suppl. 1): 274. K.M. Moyes, J.A. Almario, S. Salaheen, D. Hewes and D. Biswas. 2013. Citrus derived oil (CDO) kills both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in bovine MAC-T mammary epithelial cell lines in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (Suppl. 1): 486. MISSOURI: Fry PR, Suntrup DG, Middleton JR (Faculty Sponsor), Calcutt MJ, Stewart GC. 2013. Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. MU Life Sciences Week. April 15-17, 2013. Columbia, MO. Hoernig K, Middleton JR (Faculty Sponsor), Donovan D. 2013. Efficacy of a lysostaphin-fusion protein as a dry-cow treatment for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. MU Life Sciences Week. April 15-17, 2013. Columbia, MO. Fry PR, Suntrup DG, Middleton JR (Faculty Sponsor), Calcutt MJ, Stewart GC. 2013. Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. Phi Zeta Research Day. May 3, 2013. Columbia, MO. Abstract #12, Page 36. Hoernig K, Middleton JR (Faculty Sponsor), Donovan D. 2013. Efficacy of a lysostaphin-fusion protein as a dry-cow treatment for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Phi Zeta Research Day. May 3, 2013. Columbia, MO. Abstract #17, Page 40. Neumann A. Hoernig K, Fry P, Butcher M, Middleton JR (Faculty Sponsor). Effects of experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis on dairy cow behavior. Phi Zeta Research Day. May 3, 2013. Columbia, MO. Abstract #11, Page 10. Fry PR, Middleton JR, Calcutt M. 2013. Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. J Vet Int Med 27(3):671 Fry P, Middleton JR, Suntrup D, Calcutt M, Stewart G. 2013. Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. 8th ECBHM Symposium. Bern, Switzerland. August 28-30, 2013. Page 157. NEW JERSEY: Zuelay Rosario-Cruz, Laura Anzaldi Mike, Eric Skaar, and Boyd J.M. 2013. Studying the role of the low-molecular-weight thiol bacillithiol in trace metal metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. North Eastern Microbiologists: Physiology, Ecology and Taxonomy. Blue Mountain Lake, NY; American Society of Microbiology Meeting in Miniature (Theobald Smith Society). New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Microbiology Symposium. New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Joint Molecular Biosciences Graduate Student annual symposium. New Brunswick, NJ. Shiven Bhatt, Ameya Mashruwala, and Boyd J.M. 2013. The Staphylococcus SufT protein is involved in Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis. New Jersey American Society of Microbiology Meeting in Miniature (Theobald Smith Society). New Brunswick, NJ Mashruwala A*. and Boyd, J.M. The staphylococcal respiratory regulatory system (SrrAB) is involved in the Staphylococcus aureus oxidative stress response. New Jersey American Society of Microbiology Meeting in Miniature (Theobald Smith Society). New Brunswick, NJ 2013 Mashruwala A. and Boyd, J.M. Involvement of the staphylococcal respiratory regulatory system (SrrAB) in the oxidative stress response of Staphylococcus aureus. Rutgers Microbiology Symposium. New Brunswick, NJ. 2013; International Conference on Gram-Positive Pathogens. Omaha, NE. 2012. Boyd, J.M., Mashruwala, A., Bhatt, S., Pang, Y.Y., Benson, M., Nauseef, W., Torres, V. Iron-sulfur cluster metabolism and Staphylococcus aureus virulence. Gordon Research Conference on Iron-Sulfur enzymes. Mount Holyoke College, MA. 2012. Walker JN, Meyer S., Boyd J.M., Voyich JM., Horswill AR, ArlRS Regulation of Agglutination and Pathogenesis in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. International Conference on Gram-Positive Pathogens. Omaha, NE. 2012. White M.J., Boyd J.M., Horswill A.R., Nauseef W.M., The putative Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor, PI-PLC, is responsive to oxidative stress. International Conference on Gram-Positive Pathogens. Omaha, NE. 2012. UTAH: Wilson, D.J. and G.M. Goodell. 2013. Comparison of milk and blood test strips and Fossomatic milk analysis for measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate in periparturient dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 96, E-Suppl. 1:433. VERMONT: Kerr, D.E., B.B. Green, and S.D. McKay. 2013. Individual differences in bovine fibroblast DNA methylomes may cause variation in their innate response to LPS. 10th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium, Milan, Italy. Green, B.B., S.D. McKay, and D.E. Kerr. 2013. Individual variation of the bovine dermal fibroblast methylome and its potential role in modifying the innate immune response. PAG XXI International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, San Diego, CA. Benjamin, A.L., and D.E. Kerr. 2012. Use of dermal fibroblasts to predict the innate immune response to bovine mastitis. 92nd Annual Meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL. Green, B.B., S.D. McKay, and D E. Kerr. 2012.The potential contribution of epigenetic modifications to the animal-specific responses of dermal fibroblasts to LPS. 92nd Annual Meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL. VIRGINIA: M.K. Lehtimaki, S. DaCosta, A. Johnson, I.K. Mullarky. 2014. Proceedings of the 93rd Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. O. Galagarza, C.A. Traughber, M.K. Lehtimaki, W. Wark1, W. Mwangi, I. Kanevsky-Mullarky. 2013. Assessing IL-17 response to IL-23 secreted by Staphylococcus aureus-loaded dendritic cells, via RNA interference. Proceedings of the 94th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. M.K. Lehtimaki, S. Garst, A. Johnson, S. DaCosta, W. Wark, W. Mwangi, I. Kanevsky-Mullarky. 2013. Staphylococcus aureus antigens induce long term Th17 cell responses. Proceedings of the 94th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. A. Johnson, M. Lehtimaki, W. Wark, S. M. Neal, and I. Kanevsky-Mullarky. 2013. Staphylococcus aureus Fails to Induce Dendritic Cell Apoptosis. American Association of Immunologist Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii. Isis Kanevsky-Mullarky, Mari Lehtimäki, Wendy Wark, and Waithaka Mwangi. 2013. The role of Th17+ T cells and neutrophils in mucosal immunity against staphylococcus aureus mastitis. The Journal of Immunology, 2013, 190, 54.2. Lehtimaki M. K., Wark W., Kanevsky-Mullarky I. (2014) Bovine lymphocyte responses to Staphylococcus aureus antigens. Graduate student assembly symposium, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. WASHINGTON: Ahmadzadeh, A., L. Fox, M. McGuire, and K. Carnahan. 2013. Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on growth of Mycoplasma bovis associated with bovine mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (Suppl.2):69. Gibson, A. and L. Fox. 2013. Cow Comfort: An important element of the 21st century dairy operation. J. Dairy Sci. 96 (Suppl.2):85. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS GEORGIA: Nickerson, S.C. 2013. Invited Review. Managing mastitis in dairy heifers to improve overall herd health. Penn State Extension Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop. Pages 7-14. Grantville, PA. Oliver, S. P. G. M. Pighetti, R. A. Almeida, P. D. Krawczel, J. M. Fly, C. S. Petersson-Wolfe, J. M. Bewley, L. E. Garkovich, D. M. Amaral-Phillips, L. M. Arnold, S. C. Nickerson, S. Hill-Ward, and A. DeVries. 2013. Southeast Quality Milk Initiative: Implementing science-based recommendations to control mastitis & improve milk quality in the Southeast. Page 187 in: NMC Proceedings. Jan.27-29, San Diego, CA. Schexnayder, S.M., L.E. Garkovich, J. M. Fly, P. D. Krawczel, C. S. Petersson-Wolfe, J. M. Bewley, S. Hill-Ward, G.M. Pighetti, R.A. Almeida, L. M. Arnold, D.M. Amaral-Phillips, S.C. Nickerson, A. DeVries, and S.P. Oliver. 2013. Southeast quality milk initiative: producers' experiences, perceptions, and attitudes about mastitis and bulk tank SCC management. NMC Proceedings. Submitted. KENTUCKY: Sterrett, A.E., C.L. Wood, K.J. McQuerry, and J.M. Bewley. 2012. Potential utility of a parlor-based individual quarter milking system. Page 23 in Proceedings of the 38th of the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) Session. Cork, Ireland. Borchers, M. and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Precision Dairy Technologies: A Producer Assessment. Precision Dairy 2013. Rochester, MN. Sterrett, A.E., B.A. Wadsworth, J.D. Clark, and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Influence of Breed, Milk Yield, and Temperature Humidity Index on Dairy Cow Reticulorumen Temperature, Lying Time, and Rumination Time. Precision Dairy 2013. Rochester, MN. Sterrett, A.E., J.D. Clark, D.L. Ray, and J.M. Bewley. 2013. Detection of Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis Using Automated Reticulorumen Temperatures. Precision Dairy 2013. Rochester, MN. MARYLAND: K.M. Moyes. 2012. Physiological imbalance and risk of disease during lactation. 47th Ann Pacific NW Anim Nutr Conf Meet Proc, Oct 23-24, Pasco, WA. K.M. Moyes. 2013. Nutrition and the Immune System: Controlling Mastitis and Subsequent Disease in Lactating Dairy Cow. National Mastitis Council Regional Meet. Proc., July 24. Portland, ME. MICHIGAN: RJ Erskine and JR Middleton. Failure of Mastitis Therapy: Is it the Bugs, Drugs, or Us? Shortcourse presented at the National Mastitis Council, San Diego, CA, Jan, 2013. RJ Erskine and R Thomson. Treat Them or Eat Them: Prevention and Treatment Critical to Milk Quality and Animal Health. Great Lakes Regional Dairy Conference, Frankenmuth, MI, February, 2013. RJ Erskine DAIReXNET Webinar - Better Milk Quality from Better Mastitis Therapy Decisions Feb 12, 2013. RJ Erskine 1) Vaccination Strategies for Mastitis and 2) Sustainability and Animal Welfare in Dairy Production V Annual Brazilian Mastitis Congress, Aguas de Lindoia, S.P., Brazil, June, 2013. RJ Erskine Mastitis Pharmacology Q-MAX Shortcourse for Veterinarians, University of Minnesota, St Peter, MN, August, 2013. MISSOURI: Fry PR, Middleton JR, Calcutt MJ. 2013. Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. Proc. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Natl. Mast. Counc. San Diego, CA. Jan 27-29, 2013. pp. 99-100. Hoernig K, Middleton JR, Donovan D. 2013. Efficacy of a lysostaphin-fusion protein as a dry cow therapy for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Proc. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Natl. Mast. Counc. San Diego, CA. Jan 27-29, 2013. pp. 177-178. Erskine RJ, Middleton JR. 2013. Short Course 7: Failure of mastitis therapy – Is it the drugs, bugs, cows or us? Presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council. San Diego, CA. Jan 29, 2013. Printed booklet. Middleton JR. 2013. Staphylococcus aureus mastitis: Have we learned anything in the last 50 years? Proceedings of the National Mastitis Council Regional Meeting, Portland, Maine. July 23-24. NEW JERSEY: Boyd J.M. Intracellular iron metabolism as an antimicrobial target. Symposium for the 60th anniversary of Selman Waksman Nobel Prize. Rutgers University, 2012. Boyd J.M. Bhatt S. , Mashruwala A., Iron-sulfur cluster metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. 7th International Conference on Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis and Regulation. University of South Carolina. Columbia, SC, 2013. Boyd, J.M. Intracellular iron metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. Eastern Meeting on Iron-Sulfur Proteins. Blacksburg, VA. 2012. Boyd, J.M., Mashruwala, A., Pang, Y.Y., Benson M., Nauseef, W., Torres, V. Iron-sulfur cluster metabolism and Staphylococcus aureus virulence. International Conference on Gram-Positive Pathogens. Omaha, NE. 2012. TENNESSEE: Almeida, R. A., O. Kerro Dego, M. E. Prado, S. I. Headrick, M. J. Lewis, C. D. Young, B. E. Gillespie, L. J. Siebert, D. A. Luther, G. M. Pighetti, and S. P. Oliver. 2013. Protective effect of anti-SUAM antibodies on Streptococcus uberis intramammary infections. NMC Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp 115-116. Almeida, R. A., O. Kerro Dego, S. I. Headrick, M. J. Lewis, C. D. Young, B. E. Gillespie, L. J. Siebert, D. A. Luther, G. M. Pighetti, and S. P. Oliver. 2013. Defining the role of SUAM in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus uberis mastitis using a SUAM-negative gene deletion mutant. NMC Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp 97-98. Pighetti, G. M., L. Wojakiewicz, L. J. Siebert, S. A. Lockwood, H. G. Kattesh, M. P. Roberts, S. I. Headrick, M. J. Lewis, B. E. Gillespie, O. Kerro Dego, P. D. Krawczel, S. P. Oliver, and R. A. Almeida. 2013. Cytokine expression by milk somatic cells following experimental intramammary challenge with Streptococcus uberis during the post-partum period. Proc. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, 097. Oudessa Kerro Dego, Douglas Luther, Stephen P. Oliver, Arnold M. Saxton, Loren J. Hauser and Raul. A. Almeida. Transcriptome Expression Profiles of S. uberis During Bovine Intramammary Infections. Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council, San Diego January 2013. UTAH: Wilson, D.J., G.M. Goodell, and T. Kelly T. 2012. Influence of season, ambient temperature and time until feeding on bacteria counts in pasteurized milk for dairy calves. Proc. 45th Ann. Conv. Am. Assoc. Bov. Pract.: 231. VIRGINIA: Oliver S., R. Almeida, G. Pighetti, P. Krawczel, C. Petersson-Wolfe, J. Bewley, L. Garkovich, D. Amaral-Phillips, M. Arnold, S. Nickerson, S. Ward, A. DeVries. Southeast Quality Milk Initiative: Implementing Science-based Recommendations to Control Mastitis and Improve Milk Quality in the Southeast. National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting 2013, San Diego, CA. Pg 187-188. Griffith A., E. Yeiser, and C. S. Petersson-Wolfe. 2013. Use of Activity Monitors to Detect Peripartum Diseases. Pages 171-172 in Proc. Precision Dairy Conference and Expo, Rochester, MN. Petersson-Wolfe, C. S. 2013. Practical ways to control mastitis. Pages 341-358 in Proc. Western Canadian Dairy Symposium, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. WASHINGTON: Fox, L.K. 2014. Udder Hair Removal: The Effect on Milk and Teat Skin Microflora. Proceedings of 53rd NMC Annual Meeting, Fort Worth, TX, pages 247-248. Fox, L.K. 2013. Mastitis control: The role of vaccine. Second IASA Congress, November 6-9. Torreon, Mexico. Fox, L.K. 2013. Mycoplasma mastitis and prevention. Proceedings of the 11th Western Dairy Management Conference. March 6-8, Reno, NV. Fox, L.K. 2013. Can milk somatic cell counts get too low? A question to be revisited. Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council., January 27-29, San Diego, CA, pages 55-63.