Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Minutes The annual Business Meeting of NC1034 “Impact Analyses and Decision Strategies for Agricultural Research” was held in conjunction with the group’s annual research conference held on the campus of the University of California, Davis, March 28-29, 2014. The research conference theme was Pests, Germs and Seeds: The Economics of Policies, Programs, and Technologies for Managing Agricultural Pests and Diseases (see attached conference program). In addition to technical presentations from members of NC-1034, the conference also had featured presentations by § Economic historian Alan Olmstead on the history of animal health regulation in the United States § Dr. Pam Marrone of Marrone Bio Innovations on market trends and potential for bio-pesticides § Dr. Helene Dillard, Dean of the UC-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences on new agricultural research developments § Dr. Allison Van Eennennaam in the UC-Davis Department of Animal Science on scientific communication Doctoral candidates from the University of California, Davis and the University of California, Berkeley also made presentations. The conference receipt additional support from the following sponsors: § Giannini Foundation § Robert Mondavi Institute § UC Davis, Agricultural Issues Center § Farm Foundation The conference program is on the next pages, followed by the minutes of the annual NC-1034 business meeting. Pests, Germs and Seeds: The Economics of Policies, Programs, & Technologies for Managing Agricultural Pests & Diseases Friday, March 28 and Saturday, March 29 2014 University of California, Davis, California Program: Day 1: Friday March 28 8:00 am – 8:30 am Opening and Overview George Frisvold and Julian Alston 8:30 am – 10:30 am Session A: Resistance Management Session Chair: GianCarlo Moschini Economic Implications of Unstructured Refuges: The Case of Bt Cotton in India Rohit Singla, McGill University, Anwar Naseem, McGill University, Michael Livingston, ERS/USDA Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Dynamic Pest Resistance Justus Wesseler, Wageningen University Managing Herbicide Resistant Crops and Weeds: Technological and Policy Options George Frisvold, University of Arizona Pesticides, Transgene Licensing, and Resistance Management John Miranowski, Katie Lacy, Iowa State University 10:00 am – 10:30 am Coffee Break 10:30 am – 12:00 pm Session B: Featured Speakers Session Chair: Dan Sumner Trends and New Market Opportunities in Bio-pesticides. Pam Marrone, Marrone Bio Innovations Science, Policy, and Animal Health in the United States: The Case of Texas Fever Alan Olmstead, UC Davis 12:00 pm – 12:10 pm Welcome CAES Dean Helene Dillard 12:10 pm – 1:30 pm Lunch 1:30 pm – 3:00 pm Session C: Pests and Diseases of Perennial Crops Session Chair: Carl Pray A Model of the Epidemiology of Greening in Florida Citrus Groves and Its Economic ImplicationsCharles B. Moss and Andrew Schmitz, University of Florida Estimating the Greening Effect on Florida Citrus Charles B. Moss, Maria Bampasidou The Costs and Benefits of Pierce’s Disease Research in the California Winegrape Industry Julian M. Alston, Kate B. Fuller, Jonathan D. Kaplan, and Kabir P. Tumber, UC Davis The Value of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Grapes: Evidence from California Kate B. Fuller, Julian M. Alston, and Olena S. Sambucci, UC Davis 3:00 pm – 3:30 pm Coffee Break 3:30 pm – 5:30 pm Session D: Biotechnology, Adoption and Impacts Session Chair: Matt Andersen Innovation in the Global Bioeconomy Gregory Graff, Colorado State University, Philip G. Pardey, University of Minnesota, Devon Phillips, University of Minnesota Impact of Hybrids and Insect Control on Cotton Productivity in India Latha Nagarajan, Carl Pray, Rutgers University and Anwar Naseem, McGill University Trends in the Time Taken for Authorizing GM Crops in the USA and EU Richard D. Smart, Technische Universität, Matthias Blum, and Justus Wesseler, Wageningen University An Equilibrium Model of Coexistence GianCarlo Moschini and Harvey Lapan, Iowa State University The Economic Impacts of GMOs – The Past and the Present David Zilberman, UC Berkeley 5:30 pm – 6:30 pm Tour of RMI Research Winery and Brewery 6:30 pm – 8:30 pm Conference Dinner – RMI Dinner Speaker Alison L. Van Eenennaam, UC Davis Who is Behind the Curtain? Communicating Facts in an Illusory World Day 2: Saturday March 29 8:30 am – 10:00 am Session E: Pest and Disease Control I Session Chair: Chuck Moss A Simple Model of Crop Variety Selection and Disease Control under Increasing Disease Spread David Lambert, Tim Dalton, and Karen Garrett, Kansas State University Explaining Agricultural Labor Shortages with Unpredictable Product Losses: A Case Study of Spotted Wing Drosophila in California Raspberries. Derek Farnsworth, University of California, Davis The Impact of Online Continuing Education Courses on Pesticide Use Strategies and their Environmental Risks: The Case of Powdery Mildew and the California Grape Industry Olena Sambucci and Travis J. Lybbert, University of California, Davis Economic Impact of Classical Biological Control of Papaya Mealybug in India Stephanie Myrick, Virginia Tech, George W. Norton, Virginia Tech, K.N. Selvaraj, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kiruthika Natarajan, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, R. Muniappan, Virginia Tech 10:00 am – 10:30 am Coffee Break 10:30 am – 12:00 pm Session F: Pest and Disease Control II Session Chair: John Miranowski Bioeconomic Modeling of an Imported Disease in California Lettuce Christine Carroll, Colin Carter, Rachael Goodhue, Cynthia C.Y. Lin, and Krishna Subbara, University of California, Davis Managing Insects in Stored Products: The Challenge of Introducing New Technologies in Developing Countries Corinne E. Alexander, Purdue University, Michael Jones, University of Florida, James Lowenberg-Deboer, Purdue University Adoption of GM Maize Technology in India, and its Effect on Consumer Prices Gal Hochman, JingKun Zhuang, and Carl Pray, Rutgers University The Political Economy of Adoption of GM Rice Technology in India Gal Hochman and Carl Pray, Rutgers University 12:00 pm – 1:50 pm Lunch and NC-1034 Business Meeting 1:50 pm – 3:00 pm Session G: Miscellaneous Topics Session Chair: George Frisvold Assessing the Economic Impacts of Extension in California—Application of Irrigation and Application For Pest Control David Zilberman and Rebecca Taylor, UC Berkeley with Douglas Taylor and Ariel Dinar, UC Riverside Drought Tolerant Maize and Its Effects on Farmers’ Returns and Risk: Evidence from on-Farm Trials in East, South and West Africa Genti Kostandini, University of Georgia, Olaf Erenstein, CIMMYT, Tahirou Abdoulaye, IITA, Peter Setimela, CIMMYT, Abebe Menkir, IITA and Girma Tesfahun, CIMMYT A Production Function for State Average Corn Yields: Estimation of a Stochastic Frontier Incorporating Weather and Technology Effects Wallace Huffman, Iowa State University, Yu Jin, Shanghai University of Business and Economics 3:00 pm – 3:30 pm Coffee Break 3:30 pm – 5:00 pm Session H: Managing Agricultural Research Session Chair: George Norton Optimal Licensing for Plant Variety Patents: Preliminary Results Julian M. Alston and Zo? T. Plakias, University of California, Davis Making Time for Agricultural and Life Science Research: Technical Change and Productivity Gains Daniel L. Prager, Jeremy D. Foltz, Bradford L. Barham, University of Wisconsin Connectedness and Complementarity: Is Public Agricultural Research Stimulating Private R&DInvestment? Andrew Toole, ERS/USDA The Political Economy of Agricultural Knowledge: How Different Institutional Frameworks Shape Agricultural Research and Innovations Barbara Brandl and Leland Glenna, Pennsylvania State University 5:00 pm Adjourn Administrative adviser Marshall Martin (Purdue) provided an overview of project timelines and the renewal application and evaluation process. NC-1034 is approved through 2016. By September 2015, documents for project renewal need to written, however. The North Central committee would review the project. NC projects can be used as an investigator’s Hatch Project. Some experiment stations provide funds to travel to meetings, but this varies by experiment station. Another option when considering renewable is whether to be a coordinating committee. These do not require the same level of review and renewal requirements. But, coordinating committee membership cannot be used as your Hatch Project. In addition to multistate research committees and coordinating committees, there are also administrative committees and proposal development committees. Reporting in the NIMSS system is important because the information contained there is what panelist use to review and evaluate project renewal proposals. If you are not a member of NC-1034 but would like to be, you need your experiment director’s approval and need to fill out the Appendix E form in the NIMSS system, and report the amount of your time devoted to the project. Wally Huffman (Iowa State) raised some issues and concerns about changes in how agricultural R&D and extension data is being collected. In particular, there are questions about § whether information is being collected and reported consistently across state agricultural experiment stations § whether information on extension activities is being recorded sufficiently and consistently across states § whether there are major changes in how things are measured and reported. This latter point is important because the effects of agricultural R&D and extension take years to fully manifest themselves, so having a consistent time series of data is important for measuring returns to R&D and extension. Following Wally’s points, Marshal Martin discussed what was in the NIMSS database and how that differed from CRIS data. Andy Toole (USDA-ERS) discussed how the STAR Metrics system of data differed from USDA sources and discussed some changes in the CRIS reporting system. John King (USDA-ERS) has been working on getting USDA-ARS to put some of their information on the Star Metrics system. Marshall posed the question of whether and how NC-1034 could make use of the Star Metrics data for their programs. Andy discussed some of the processes involved with accessing and sharing the data. The next topic of discussion was about developing an edited volume built on this year’s conference theme of the role of agricultural R&D in combating agricultural pests and diseases. Chuck Moss (Florida), David Zilberman (Berkeley), Julian Alston (Davis), and George Frisvold (Arizona) expressed willingness to develop options and proposals for a book project. Julian Alston noted that the OECD supports workshops on selected topics and that this topic might be of interest to them. OECD would want to see significant European collaboration, however. George Frisvold noted that Justus Wesseler (Wageningen University, The Netherlands) was attending and has been a frequent attendee at Berkeley Bioeconomy Conferences and International Consortium for Bioeconomy Research (ICABR), that NC-1034 member are actively involved with. Further ICABR participants would be natural European experts that could contribute to and participate in a OECD workshop. There are also a number of agricultural economists at INRA (the French National Institute for Agricultural Research) that have research programs relevant to NC-1034 projects in general and animal and plant disease and pest management specifically. David Zilberman emphasized that NC-1034’s main contribution could be not just to consider pest and disease control narrowly, but to really focus on the implications for and returns to agricultural research in these areas. For example, what is the value of agricultural research in these areas? What is the role of maintenance research, which is usually aimed at keeping just ahead of evolving pest and disease problems? Other considerations are the value of livestock research. Perhaps, NC-1034 for could discuss issues of livestock disease prevention and control with one of this year’s invited speakers, Alan Olmstead. George Frisvold noted that NC-1034 participant George Norton (Virginia Tech) had just finished a large survey evaluating trends in maintenance research. Wally Huffman noted that a book with contributions from NC-1034 participants would present group research in a more coherent package and that this would improve our project review and renewal evaluations. Julian Alston asked if project renewal would be easier with another NC-1034 group book. Marshall Martin said, yes. He also said a book taking a global perspective would be good. Chuck Moss noted that ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute, with main offices in East Africa, and research projects throughout developing countries) might be a good collaborator. Julian Alston noted that economist Simeon Ehui who had been at ILRI does interesting work (Ehui is now at the World Bank). David Zilberman suggested a theme might be the need for sustainable R&D infrastructure. Sustainable R&D is needed for sustainable agriculture because innovations are needed to keep one step ahead of evolving pests, weeds, and diseases. The book could report rate of return estimates as well as provide examples of successful research programs and technologies. George Frisvold noted that for the book project, consideration could be given to the following. § Look for funding sources for a follow-up to this current conference as a “writers’ workshop” to help get chapters near final draft. Possibilities may include the Farm Foundation or USDA-ERS. § As Julian Alston noted, the current conference had many papers on weeds, insect pests, and plant diseases, but was light on papers on animal disease (aside from Alan Olmstead’s presentation). To make an edited volume more complete we may need to solicit specific chapters from people inside and outside of NC-1034. Perhaps Olmstead would be willing to write a chapter that would be a synopsis of his own, larger book. § A publisher will need to be targeted and we will need to draft a book proposal (David Zilberman, also a series editor for Springer, said the cost of publishing through them would be about $5,000 – $7,000. Wojciech Florkowski (Georgia) also volunteered to contact Elsevier about a book proposal. Frisvold noted that an important feature of a book would be that scholars could access and download chapters from their university libraries. Edited volumes that are not internet accessible are less read and less cited). § The Economic Research Service had plans of publishing an edited volume about herbicide resistant weeds. George Frisvold volunteered to contact them to see if they might want to combine that effort with an NC-1034 book effort. § Someone is going to need to write an introductory integrating chapter and a concluding chapter noting the lessons learned from the body of volume chapters. The next issue discussed was the location and themes for the next NC-1034 Conference. There was consensus that a place that is easy to fly in and out of is most desirable. Also, because many NC-1034 participants also would like to attend the Berkeley Bioeconomy Conference, it is desirable not to have dates conflict. The Berkeley Conference is usually during UC Berkeley’s Spring Break. In 2015, that will be Saturday, March 23 to Sunday, March 29. Julian Alston usually participates in the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society conference, held February 10 – 13, 2015. So, planning dates with this in mind is also a consideration. Julian Alston noted that agricultural R&D and technology development is affected by regulation, public and private certification requirements, product standards, and labeling rules. Wally Huffman emphasized that in addition to federal legislation, there were many state and local labeling requirement proposals, for genetically modified crops for example. In addition, private initiatives and standards can alter agricultural research programs. David Zilberman noted that the food production system has to satisfy multiple interest groups. Chuck Moss suggested that a possible conference theme or title could be, “Environmental Regulation and Private Industry Standards: Implications for Productivity and R&D.” There was general agreement that this was a good idea, worth pursuing. He also suggested that the conference might be held in the Tampa / St. Petersburg, FL area. This is (relatively) close to the University of Florida in Gainesville. In addition, the location might be an attractive draw for potential private industry speakers and participants. There was general agreement that Chuck Moss would take the lead in exploring the Tampa / St. Petersburg area as a location for next year’s conference and that Chuck Moss, George Frisvold, David Zilberman and Julian Alston would pursue developing a book project proposal.

Short-term Outcomes: § Research findings on agricultural research funding and productivity growth cited in o The Economic Importance of Passing a Comprehensive Food, Farm, and Jobs Bill published by the Executive Office of the President, November 2013. o Reports of the Congressional Research Service informing members of Congress on Farm Bill issues. § Research findings on the costs of labeling requirements from genetically modified food products were widely cited during public debates over California’s Proposition 37 to require GMO labeling. Outputs: § >75 publications (journal articles, scholarly, edited books, or scholarly book chapters) in past year. Activities: § Conducted multiple assessments of technology adoption and its impacts in developing countries. § Produced several evaluations of economic impacts of biofuels and agricultural biotechnologies § Continued to track trends and impacts of agricultural research investments in the US and abroad. Milestones: Multiple project participants participated in: § planning, organizing and presenting project research findings at the Annual Conference of the International Consortium on Applied Bioeconomy Research. The conference theme was “Innovation and Policy for the Bioeconomy.” § planning, organizing, and contributing research papers at the 6th Berkeley Bioeconomy Conference on “The Bioeconomy After the Election” in Berkeley, CA, March 2013. § planning, organizing, and contributing research papers at the annual NC-1034 research symposium on “Pests, Germs and Seeds: The Economics of Policies, Programs, and Technologies for Managing Agricultural Pests and Diseases,” Davis, CA March 2013.

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