Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

[Local arrangements, David Buntin] [Minutes taken by John Tooker, Secretary] Meeting called to order, 1:30pm, Tom Sappington, Chair Nomination committee – Tom S., Pat, John Tooker Time and place committee – Pat, Ken, Ed NC205 suggested San Antonio, pending NCCC46 concurrence Will report back tomorrow morning NC205 has proposed merging 205 & 46 into a single committee; would 46 consider this merger? Tom S. presented Pros that had been compiled by Chris Difonzo: PROS - merging NC205 and NCCC46 into a corn insect committee: Membership: • At least 50% of the membership is already shared between the two committees; • Most new members were hired to work on a system (corn) and not a single pest; • Many members across the two groups already cooperate on projects; Content: • New generation of pest control products are already integrated for above and below ground pests, and issues with one component impact the other • Pest focus has already moved beyond rootworm and especially corn borer; expanding the committee allows for other insects to come into the mix. Annual Meeting: • Less of a burden for NC205 officers since chair could rotate on a shorter (1-2 yr versus 5 yr) cycle • Efficiency of scale – more members at the meeting at any one time to fill hotel rooms, the meeting room, and to keep the conversation going. • May make the annual meeting a bit shorter if the meetings can be made efficient and focus on a few topics each year. Administration • One less report for many people to write (altho for those in NCCC46, changing to an NC committee would mean submitting a Hatch report • Expansion allows the inclusion of work on more and different pests – for example stink bugs or spider mite – into project reports, making them easier to write & potentially generating more impacts. • Voluntary reduction in number of committees would be looked on favorably by USDA. Tom S. also recapped some of the Cons that came up in the 205 discussion: • Many will not be interested in the whole meeting – e.g., some will not be interested in rootworms, and some will not be interested Leps. Obvious solution would be to keep the meeting structure similar to that of the present, with a concentration of Leps in one half and rootworms in the other half, with common-interest presentations in between. • Would any time really be saved at meetings? • States with different official reps for the 2 committees: someone may lose travel support. • Different leadership structures (e.g., 5-year term for Chair in 205 vs 1-year term in 46), would need to be harmonized or adjusted somehow. • Not a lot of time to deliberate, because the 205 re-write is due this year. Possible title and objectives of a new merged committee (open for change): Title: Ecology and management of arthropods in corn Objectives: 1) Investigate the relationship between pest management technologies and the agricultural environment; 2) Investigate the ecology, biology, evolution, genetics, and behavior of corn arthropods; 3) Develop and assess IPM and IRM systems for the arthropod complex in corn; 4) Employ diverse delivery methods to disseminate information related to sustainable management of corn arthropod pests. NC committees are intended to be coordinated research committees (joint efforts are expected and must be documented), whereas NCCC committees are discussion/ communication committees. Both have the same reporting requirements, same five-year cycles. The Committee decided to sleep on the idea of a merger and take a vote in the morning on whether to proceed by email with a formal vote with only the Appendix E members eligible to cast a vote. Tom S. reminded the Committee about the upcoming IWGO meeting in Chicago, 13-17 April. He shared a draft agenda for the meeting, and also shared a tentative agenda for a joint 205/46 and IWGO meeting on Thursday, 17 April. Tom S.: As a reminder, the NCCC46 is a closed meeting. The information is confidential and folks need to keep that in mind and pursue permissions from authors as necessary before sharing. Pat Porter: He is developing an image gallery. People are welcome to contribute images, and use them with appropriate attribution. Pat will share the url over email. Terry Hurly: is working with registrants to develop a report on the value of neonics. They will give a preliminary report at the IWGO meeting in April. Progress reports on the single plant Bt bioassays with WCR were provided by Joe Spencer, Aaron Gassmann, Lance Meinke, Andrea Hitchon, and Ken Ostlie. Special presentation, Joe Spencer: "Suspected resistance to Cry3Bb1 in rotated corn": Area of interest is in east central Illinois, the historical epicenter of rotation resistance. In Livingston County, large areas of downed corn, lots of beetles in corn, and adjacent soybeans, suspected Bt resistance. Simliar fields in Kankakee and Ford Counties. He was able to collect beetles from Livingston and Kankakee Counties; these beetles laid eggs very well. So it seems Joe has found populations of beetles that are rotation resistant and resistant to Cry3Bb1. Joe anticipates a lot of chemical use in the coming planting season to protect fields. State Reports: Pennsylvania – John Tooker: Has no research ongoing with rootworms, but is presenting on rootworm resistance issues in extension meetings—lots of interest on this topic. Asked the question how effective is Poncho… Adjourned for day at 4:50 PM 30 Jan 2013, 8 am – Reconvened Nomination committee report – (Sappington, Porter, Tooker): Nominated Joe Spencer as Secretary of NCCC46 for 2014, with expected normal sequence to become Vice Chair in 2015 and Chair in 2016. No other nominations from the floor. Joe is willing. Vote to elect Joe was unanimous in favor. Time and place committee report – (Porter, Ostlie, Bynum): Pat conveyed recommendation for San Antonio in the last full week of January 2015. Vote was unanimous to approve the suggested venue and date. Following discussions from yesterday, the Committee voted on the idea of merging 46 with 205. The vote was unanimous to proceed with an electronic vote of the full appendix E membership. Both 46 and 205 will be polled, and both committees will vote separately. A majority of each committee, separately, must approve before the merger would ensue. Ken voiced a concern that merging might limit states to only one representative. Steve Pueppke pointed out that that decision was a state-based concern, that would have to be decided independently by each institution. Pat raised a concern that merging might change the flow of money to the representative, if reps get research money for the project. Steve acknowledged these will be local decisions that could impact a few states (NE, IA, MN, potentially among others). Steve also said that he expects the impact of a merger on most members of both groups would be minimal in practice. That for most, committee life as we know it would not change much. State reports (continued from yesterday): Iowa – Tom Sappington: Starting a new project comparing the flight ability of Bt-resistant and susceptible rootworm beetles on flight mills. Also exploring a project on neighborhood genetic distance of rootworms Will be based in Colorado, Kansas where historical rootworm populations occurred before they expanded eastward. Iowa – Aaron Gassmann: A variety of papers have come out of his lab recently exploring the influence of cover crops, insecticides, etc. on rootworm populations. They continue to run bioassays for rootworm resistance. In field studies in problem fields, they continue to see damage on Cry3 plants, not Cry34/35. Discussed observations on efficacy of Aztec on top of Bt, in terms of both root protection and adult beetle emergence. Nebraska – Lance Meinke: Blair Siegfried and Lance have been exploring resistance of western corn rootworm to pyrethroids (bifenthrin) Populations from western NE appear to be less susceptible, populations from eastern NE and KS to the east for the most part are all susceptible. Western NE, KS are areas where adult management has been common. On-farm trials in Cry3Bb1 problem fields. They had a lot of variation in rootworm populations. Reported benefits, or not, of adding insecticides on top of Cry3Bb1 in fields with resistance, and in Cry34/35 and SmartStax fields. Bob Wright is participating in a national webinar educating folks on rootworm resistance and management Texas – Pat Porter: Few reports of unexpected damage – some north of Amarillo, one near Corpus Christie (this was a Mexican corn rootworm site) Illinois – Joe Spencer: Joe has been doing the single-plant assays Mike Gray has started an effort again to sample beetles across the state. Joe has restarted his effort of sampling beetles in flight above fields using scaffolding towers. Michigan – Chris Difonzo: They are continuing to follow PI (performance inquiry) fields from 2012. Some of the these fields had Cry3Bb1 history. mCry3A fields have also appeared. None of the fields have appeared on maps. Minnesota – Ken Ostlie: Lots of field-flooding in targeted research area. Will the severe winter temperatures experienced influence mortality of WCR? Had their first reports of performance inquires with northern corn rootworm (these were in central Minnesota). Saw problems with Herculex and SmartStax, but it looks as though that nothing was working very well. In their insecticide-over-Bt work, beetles are not being killed very well. Did some work with foliar insecticides targeting adults. On the extension front, they have had discussions with crop managers on what they are trying to protect. Ontario – Andrea Hitchon: Three problem fields from 2012 were planted with research plots in 2013. No new problem fields (no unexpected damage) reported in 2013. Report of lodging in 1st yr corn, following tillage radish/wheat mixture. Adjacent radish cover crop field, late in the season had lots of rootworm adults, they may have been planting corn. Some growers even treated for adults in Ontario, where this practice is rare. Indiana – Christian Krupke: Rootworm populations seem low. Few reports of problem fields (one report came in recently of damage to first year corn, but that field will be rotated to soybeans in 2014). They have a stable isotope project tracking mating between beetles from Bt and non-Bt (refuge in various configurations). Labeling particular plants with stable isotope allows them to identify beetles reared on those plants. Neonics: They continue work with planter exhaust. Corn planting corresponds to a high point of honey bee spring foraging. As bees fly through the air they create friction and become charged. This charging is adaptive because pollen sticks to them more easily, but so would dust. If they fly through IN in spring they are likely to cross a cornfield, possibly encountering dust. Christian has been collecting dust using tanglefoot-treated slides (0, 10, 50, 100 from field edge) to examine profile of neonic deposition. They may need to measure further out from the field. Next steps: they are modeling drift risk across the landscape. They have also field-tested Bayer’s new fluency powder. Valerie Fournier (Univ. of Laval) – explored water contamination of neonics in surface water beginning in mid-May through end of June (about 6 wk after planting). Across three sites, evaluated whether seed treatments pay, in terms of stand counts and yield. 2012 and 2013 data were similar. Will pair these data with the deposit data North Dakota – Mark Boetel, Janet Knodel: Examined performance of Cry3Bb1, Cry34/35, and SmartStax in SE North Dakota Examined whether Poncho 250, 1250, or soil insecticide (Force) improved root ratings. Corn rootworm is a newer pest for ND following increased corn acres. Texas – Ed Bynum: There were outbreaks of sugar cane aphid on sorghum along the Gulf Coast. Thousands of aphids per plant; mostly being treated with dimethoate. Honeydew/sooty mold causes problems at harvest. Growers kill the plant with glyphosate so they can harvest it (they do not have frosts in that region). Corn does not seem to be a good host. Mostly seems to be a subtropical pest. Georgia – Dave Buntin: Western corn rootworm are not much of a problem in GA, but occasionally Dave does hear of trouble with rootworms. Southern corn rootworm is more of a problem; SCR is more of a seedling pest. Neonic seed treatments control SCR very well. Committee voted to accept minutes from 2013. Adjourned, 11:45 am

1) Entomologists in the Eastern Corn Belt (IN, MI, NY, OH, Ontario, PA) developed a 'Fringe' concept to explain why rootworm resistance to Bt corn is still rare in the eastern U.S. compared to the west, based on differences in scale and diversity of the cropping system. A white paper was produced explaining this view and making a stricter recommendation (crop rotation) for failing fields in our states. This paper was submitted to the 2013 EPA-FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) addressing rootworm resistance. The white paper was also used as a basis to develop an extension bulletin and slide set, for use by the group. 2) In cooperation with local extension educators, outreach was targeted towards a major livestock area in central Michigan to detect and intervene early in suspected cases of rootworm resistance to Bt. As a direct result, multiple suspect fields were documented with pictures, Bt test strips, root ratings, and (where possible) egg collections to obtain larvae for resistance screening by cooperators at University of Guelph. Experiences and information from the 2013 season were incorporated into education materials targeted to growers in affected locations in winter 2014. Further, we worked with agribusinesses to assist growers in choosing a remediation strategy for the 2014 season. 3) Results from single plant bioassays and on-farm Bt trait trials conducted on Cry3Bb1 problem and control fields collectively support the conclusion that a level of field resistance to Cry3Bb1 has evolved in some Nebraska populations in response to selection pressure. These results also indicate a possible cross-resistance relationship exists between Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A, however there was no apparent cross resistance relationship between Cry34/35Ab1 and either Cry3Bb1 or mCry3A. Cross-resistance results in Nebraska were very similar to those reported by Gassmann et al. 2014 in Iowa. 4) Entomologists from Univ. of Illinois confirmed significant western corn rootworm larval injury in first-year cornfields in Livingston and Kankakee counties that had been planted to Bt rootworm hybrids expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein. The fact that rotated corn is now showing susceptibility to rootworm damage, even when planted to certain Bt hybrids, is evidence that crop rotation in central and east central Illinois does not adequately confer a consistent level of root protection. 5) The spatial and temporal distribution of adults in Bt cornfields with four refuge treatments (20% structured, 5% structured, 5% seed blend and 0% refuge) and in adjacent soybean fields among corn phenology stages (vegetative, pollination and post-pollination) were compared from 2010 – 2012. Sustained concentration of adults in refuge rows suggest that structured refuge configurations do not facilitate mixing of adults from refuge and Bt corn. Seed blends produce uniform distributions of adults which may better promote the mixing of mate-seeking adults and delay resistance. 6) At the University of Illinois, a pair of 7-meter tall scaffolding towers were erected in the eastern portion of two Bt cornfields (4.19 ac) (expressing Cry1F and Cry34/35Ab1) containing 5% non-CRW Bt corn (expressing Cry1Ab) deployed as a single refuge block or a seed blend. Investigators on the tops of the towers used aerial insect nets to capture western corn rootworm (WCR) beetles that flew within reach. Beetles were also sampled in the canopy of the same cornfields. Overall, these data indicate that the flying population is composed primarily of recently-mated females. Gut content analysis of Cry proteins suggest that ca. 50% of the flying population originates from the fields below a collection tower. 7) A WCR IRM manuscript was drafted in relatively brief format by multiple NCCC46 authors (organized by David Andow, Univ. Minnesota) for submission to a high profile journal. It is the outgrowth of three special NCCC46/NC205 joint meetings, made possible by special MN, IA, IL, and NE AES support, to coordinate an integrated response to the emerging WCR resistance problem. An early draft was circulated to industry representatives and to EPA for input. A second, longer manuscript is being prepared to elaborate on this issue in greater detail, to be submitted to an entomological journal. 8) Focus groups with farmers were conducted by NCCC46 members with special MN, IA, IL, and NE AES support, to a) better understand farmers' perceptions of unexpected CRW damage in Bt corn; b) identify the kinds of information farmers need and want related to CRW in Bt corn; and c) explore the role extension could play in gathering and providing information on CRW management. The responses have been analyzed and a manuscript with multiple NCCC46 authors is being prepared for submission to a peer-reviewed journal. 9) Statewide surveys of insects in corn and soybean fields were conducted in 28 counties across Illinois. Densities of western corn rootworm adults exceeded the 0.75 per plant (continuous corn) or 0.5 per plant (first-year corn) beetle thresholds during the August 1-6 in 8 counties. Densities of western corn rootworm adults were somewhat greater in 2013 than the most recent surveys conducted in 2011, but they remain low by historic standards (mid-1990?s and early 2000?s), particularly in soybean fields. 10) Comparisons of gut microbiota between RR- and wild-type WCR (WT-WCR) revealed concomitant shifts in bacterial community structure with host adaptation to soybean diets. Antibiotic suppression of gut bacteria significantly reduced RR-WCR tolerance of soybean herbivory to the level of WT-WCR, whereas WTWCR were unaffected. The findings demonstrate that gut bacteria help to facilitate rapid adaptation of insects in managed ecosystems.

[Cumulative 2010 through Jan meeting 2014]

2010:

Alves, A.P., M. D. Lorenzen, R.W. Beeman, J. E. Foster, and B. D. Siegfried. 2010. RNA interference as a method for target-site screening in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. J. Insect Science. 2010. 10:162 available online: insectscience.org/10.162.

Bernklau, E. J., B. E. Hibbard, and L. B. Bjostad. 2010. Antixenosis in maize reduces feeding by western corn rootworm larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 103: 2052-2060.

Campbell, L. A., and L. J. Meinke. 2010. Fitness of Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica longicornis, and their hybrids (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 103: 925-935.

Chen, H., M. Rangasamy, S. Y. Tan, H. Wang, and B. D. Siegfried. 2010. Evaluation of Five Methods for Total DNA Extraction from Western Corn Rootworm Beetles. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11963. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011963.

Cullen, E. M. 2010. Extension specialist roles in communities of interest and place: An example from the agriculture-wildlife interface. J. Extension 48(1) Feature Article 1FEA2.

DiFonzo, C., and E. Cullen. 2010 Handy Bt Trait Table. Michigan State University Field Crops Entomology Program and University of Wisconsin-Extension.

Dillen, K., P. D. Mitchell, and E. Tollens. 2010. On the competitiveness of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera damage abatement strategies in Hungary: a bio-economic approach. J. Appl. Entomol. 134: 395-408.

Dillen, K., P. D. Mitchell, T. Van Looya, and E. Tollens. 2010. The western corn rootworm, a new threat to European agriculture: opportunities for biotechnology? Pest Manag. Sci. 66: 956–966.

Duan, J. J., J. G. Lundgren, S. E. Naranjo, and M. Marvier. 2010. Extrapolating non-target risk of Bt-crops from laboratory to field. Biology Letters 6: 74-77.

Dun, Z., P. D. Mitchell, and M. Agosti. 2010. Estimating Diabrotica virgifera virgifera damage functions with field trial data: applying an unbalanced nested error component model. J. Appl. Entomol. 134: 409-419.

Elmore, R. W., A. Gassmann, and E. Hodgson. 2010. “Compliance or complacency: Corn producers and Bt refuge.” In Integrated Crop Management News. 6 April 2010.

French, B.W. and L. Hammack. 2010. Reproductive traits of northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to female and male body size. Annals of Entomological Society of America. 103: 688-694.

Gassmann, A., and E. Hodgson. 2010. “Refuge in a bag is here: explaining the simplified refuge.” In Integrated Crop Management News. 23 June 2010.

Gassmann, A., and E. Hodgson. 2010. “SmartStax: Multi-trait corn offered by Dow and Monsanto.” In Integrated Crop Management News. 26 October 2010.

Hibbard, B. E., L. N. Meihls, M. R. Ellersieck, and D. W. Onstad. 2010. Density-dependent and density-independent mortality of the western corn rootworm: Impact on dose calculations of rootworm-resistant Bt corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 103: 77-84.

Hibbard, B.E., T. L. Clark, M. R. Ellersieck, L. N. Meihls, A. A. El Khishen, V. Kaster, H. York-Steiner, and R. Kurtz. 2010. Mortality of western corn rootworm larvae on MIR604 transgenic maize roots: Field survivorship has no significant impact on survivorship of F1 progeny on MIR604. J. Econ. Entomol. 103: 2187-2196.

Hodgson, E., and A. Gassmann. 2010. “New corn trait deregulated in U.S.” In Integrated Crop Management News. 10 May 2010.

Hodgson, E., and A. Sisson. 2010. “Predicted corn rootworm hatch 2010.” In Integrated Crop Management News. 28 May 2010.

Knolhoff, L. M., J. J. Glas, J. L. Spencer, and M. R. Berenbaum. 2010. Oviposition Behaviors in Relation to Rotation Resistance in the Western Corn Rootworm. Environ. Entomol. 39: 1922-1928.

Lundgren, J. G., and J. K. Fergen. 2010. The effects of a winter cover crop on Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations and beneficial arthropod communities in no-till maize. Environ. Entomol. 39: 1816-1828.

Lundgren, J. G., S. Toepfer, T. Haye, and U. Kuhlmann. 2010. Haemolymph defence of an invasive herbivore: its breadth of effectiveness against predators. J. Appl. Entomol. 134: 439-448.

Murphy, A. F., M. D. Ginzel, and C. H. Krupke. 2010. Evaluating western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) emergence and root damage in a seed mix refuge. J. Econ. Entomol. 103: 147-157.

Onstad, D. W., and L. J. Meinke. 2010. Modeling evolution of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) to transgenic corn with two insecticidal traits. J. Econ. Entomol. 103: 849-860.

Sappington, T. W., K. R. Ostlie, C. DiFonzo, B. E. Hibbard, C. H. Krupke, P. Porter, S. Pueppke, E. J. Shields, and J. J. Tollefson. 2010. Conducting public-sector research on commercialized transgenic seed: In search of a paradigm that works. GM Crops 1: 55-58.

Sayed A., B. Wiechman, I. Struewing, M. Smith, B. W. French, C. Nielson, and M. Bagley. 2010. Isolation of transcripts from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte responsive to the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry3Bb1. Insect Mol. Biol. 19: 381-389.

Seiter, N. J., D. S. Richmond, J. D. Holland, and C. H. Krupke. 2010. A novel method for estimating soybean herbivory in western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 103: 1464-1473.

Spencer, J. L. 2010. What’s past is prologue: lessons from the history of corn rootworm management in Illinois and the U.S., pp. 223-243. In: Rodríguez-del-Bosque, L. A., and M. A. Morón (eds.), Ecología y Control de Plagas Edafícolas. Publicación especial del Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México.

2011:

Bernklau, E. J., L. B. Bjostad, and B. E. Hibbard. 2011. Synthetic feeding stimulants enhance insecticide activity against western corn rootworm larvae, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 135: 47-54.

Campbell, L. A., T. L. Clark, P. Clark, L. J. Meinke, J.E. Foster. 2011. Field introgression of D. barberi Smith and Lawrence and D. longicornis (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) based on genetic and morphological characters. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 104: 1380-1391.

Erb, M., T. Köllner, J. Degenhardt, C. Zwahlen, B. E. Hibbard, and T. C. J. Turlings. 2011. The role of abscisic acid and water stress in root herbivore induced leaf resistance. New Phytol. 189: 308-320.

Erb, M., C. Robert, B. E. Hibbard, and T. C. J. Turlings. 2011. Sequence of arrival determines plant mediated interactions between herbivores in the field. J. Ecol. 99: 7 15.

Frank, D. L., R. Bukowsky, B. W. French, and B. E. Hibbard. 2011. Effect of MIR604 transgenic maize at different stages of development on western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in a Central Missouri field environment. J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 2054-2061.

French, B. W. and L. Hammack. 2011. Multiple mating, fecundity and longevity in female northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to body size. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 104: 834-840.

French, B. W., K. D. Reitsma, A. A. Beckler, L. D. Chandler, and S. A. Clay. 2011. Geographic Information Systems in Corn Rootworm Management. In: GIS Applications in Agriculture Volume 3: Invasive Species (S.A. Clay editor). CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Pp. 233-253.

Gassmann, A. J., Petzold-Maxwell, J. L., Keweshan, R. S., and Dunbar, M. W. (2011). Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22629. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022629.

Geisert, R.W. 2011. Frequency of extended diapause in Nebraska populations of Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence. M. S. Thesis. University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

Gray, M. E. 2011. Relevance of traditional integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for commercial corn producers in a transgenic agroecosystem: a bygone era? J. Agric. Food Chem. 59: 5852-5858.

Hibbard, B. E., D. L. Frank, R. Kurtz, E. Boudreau, M. R. Ellersieck, and J. F. Odhiambo. 2011. Mortality impact of Bt transgenic maize roots expressing eCry3.1Ab, mCry3A, and eCry3.1Ab+mCry3A on western corn rootworm in the field. J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 1584-1591.

Hodgson, E., and A. Gassmann. 2011. First Iowa confirmation of resistance to Bt corn by western corn rootworm. In: Integrated Crop Management News. 22 December 2011.

Lundgren, J. G., and J. K. Fergen. 2011. Enhancing predation of a subterranean insect pest: a conservation benefit of winter vegetation in agroecosystems. Appl. Soil Ecol. 51: 9-16.

Meihls, L. N., M. L. Higdon, M. Ellersieck, and B. E. Hibbard. 2011. Selection for resistance to mCry3A-expressing transgenic corn in western corn rootworm. J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 1045-1054.

Murphy, A. F., and C. H. Krupke. 2011. Mating success and spermatophore composition in the western corn rootworm. Environ. Entomol. 40: 1585-1594.

Murphy, A., N. Seiter, and C. Krupke. 2011. The impact of Bt maize as a natal host on adult head capsule width in field populations of western corn rootworm. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 139: 8-16.

Ni, X., Y. Chen, B. E. Hibbard, J. P. Wilson, W. P. Williams, G. D. Buntin, J. R. Ruberson, and X. Li. 2011. Foliar resistance to fall armyworm in corn germplasm lines that confer resistance to root and ear feeding insects. Fla. Entomol. 94: 971-981.

Onstad, D. W., P. D. Mitchell, T. M. Hurley, J. G. Lundgren, R. P. Porter, C. H. Krupke, J. L. Spencer, C. D. DiFonzo, T. S. Baute, R. L. Hellmich, L. Buschman, W. D. Hutchison, J. F. Tooker. 2011. Seeds of change: Corn seed mixtures for resistance management and IPM. J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 343-352.

Oswald, K., B. W. French, C. Nielson, and M. Bagley. 2011. Selection for Cry3Bb1 resistance in a genetically diverse population of non-diapausing western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 1038-1044.

Pan, Z., D. W. Onstad, T. M. Nowatzki, B. H. Stanley, L. J. Meinke, and J. L. Flexner. 2011. Western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dispersal and adaptation to single-toxin transgenic corn deployed with block or blended refuge. Environ. Entomol. 40: 964-978.

Peterson, J. A., J. G. Lundgren, and J. D. Harwood. 2011. Interactions of Bacillus thuringiensis crops and Araneae. J. Arachnol. 39: 1-21.

Prischmann-Voldseth, D. A., and J. G. Lundgren. 2011. Tracking predation of subterranean pests: digestion of corn rootworm DNA by a generalist mite. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 21: 1507-1510.

Prischmann-Voldseth, D. A., E. M. Knutson, K. E. Dashiell, and J. G. Lundgren. 2011. Generalist-feeding subterranean mites as potential biological control agents of immature corn rootworms. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 55: 233-248.

Raghu, S., J. L. Spencer, A. S. Davis, and R. N. Wiedenmann. 2011. Ecological considerations for the sustainable development of terrestrial biofuel crops. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 3: 15-23.

Sappington, T. W. 2011. Developing genomics tools for the western corn rootworm - progress and promise. IWGO Newsletter 31(1): 8-12.

Weber, D. C., and J. G. Lundgren. 2011. Effect of prior diet on consumption and digestion of prey and non-prey food by adults of the generalist predator Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomol. Exp. Appl. 140: 146-152.

Wright, R. J., and L. J. Meinke. 2011. Corn rootworm management update. CropWatch Newsletter. 22 September 2011. http://cropwatch.unl.edu/web/cropwatch/archive?articleID=4651826.

2012:

Chen, H., H. Wang, and B. D. Siegfried. 2012. Genetic differentiation of western corn rootworm populations (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with resistance to insecticides. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 105: 232-240.

Clark, T. L., D. L. Frank, B. W. French, L. J. Meinke, D. Moellenbeck, T. T. Vaughn, and B. E. Hibbard. 2012. Mortality impact of MON863 transgenic maize roots on western corn rootworm larvae in the field. J. Appl. Entomol. 136: 721-729.

Coates, B. S., A. Alves, H. Wang, K. Walden, B. W. French, N. J. Miller, C. A. Abel, H. M. Robertson, T. W. Sappington, and B. D. Siegfried. 2012. Distribution of genes and repetitive elements in the Diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome estimated using BAC sequencing. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. Article ID 604076, 9 pages. DOI:10.1155/2012/604076.

Curzi, M. J., J. A. Zavala, J. L. Spencer, and M. J. Seufferheld. 2012. Abnormally high digestive enzyme activity and gene expression explain the contemporary evolution of a Diabrotica biotype able to feed on soybeans. Ecol. Evol. 2: 2005-2017.

DeVries, T., and R. Wright. 2012. Rootworm traited and refuge corn hybrids in combination with soil insecticides for larval corn rootworm control, 2011. Arthrop. Manag. Tests 37: F13.

Dunbar, M. W. and A. J.Gassmann. 2012. Effect of soybean varieties on western corn rootworm survival and fecundity. J. Econ. Entomol. 105: 625-631.

Fausti, S., T. M. McDonald, J. G. Lundgren, J. Li, A. R. Keating, S., and M. Catangui. 2012. Insecticide use and crop selection in regions with high GM adoption rates. Renew. Agric. Food Sys. 27: 295-304.

French, B. W. and L. Hammack. 2012. Spermatophore size in relation to body size and pairing duration in the northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 105: 506-511.

French, B. W., B. S. Coates, and T. W. Sappington. 2014. Inheritance of an extended diapause trait in the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 138: 213-221. (First published online: 20 AUG 2012)

Gassmann, A. J. 2012. Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm: predictions from the laboratory and effects in the field. J. Invert. Pathol. 110: 287-293.

Gassmann, A., and E. Hodgson. 2012. Managing western corn rootworm with Bt corn.” In: Integrated Crop Management News. 24 August 2012.

Gassmann, A. J., and W. D. Hutchison. 2012. Bt crops and insect pests: past successes, future challenges and opportunities. GM Crops Food 3: 139.

Gassmann, A. J., E. R. Hannon, M. S. Sisterson, S. P. Stock, Y. Carrière, and B. E. Tabashnik. 2012. Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on the evolution of pink bollworm resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac. J. Econ. Entomol. 105: 994-1005.

Gassmann, A. J., J. L. Petzold-Maxwell, R. S. Keweshan, and M. W. Dunbar. 2012. Western corn rootworm and Bt maize: challenges of pest resistance in the field. GM Crops Food 3:235-244.

Gray M. E. 2012. Continuing evolution confirmed of field resistance to Cry3Bb1 in some Illinois fields by western corn rootworm. In: The Bulletin: Pest Management and Crop Development Information for Illinois, Issue No. 20. Univ. Ill. Extension, Urbana, IL, p. 120. http://bulletin.ipm.illinois.edu/article.php?id=1704.

Hiltpold, I., B.E. Hibbard, B.W. French, T.C.J. Turlings. 2012. Capsules containing entomopathogenic nematodes as a Trojan horse approach to control the western corn rootworm. Plant Soil 358: 11-25.

Hodgson, E., and A. Gassmann. 2012. Sustainable corn rootworm management in Iowa, 2 pp. Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Publication 290-12.

Hodgson, E., and A. Sisson. 2012. “Predicted corn rootworm hatch begins for 2012.” In Integrated Crop Management News. 21 May 2012.

Holm, K., and E. Cullen. 2012. Insect IPM in Organic Field Crops: Seedcorn Maggot. Publication A3972-01. Univ. Wisc.-Extension Coop. Extension Pub., Madison, WI. 6pp. http://learningstore.uwex.edu/Insect-IPM-in-Organic-Field-Crops-Seedcorn-Maggot-P1584.aspx.

Krupke, C. Hunt, G., Eitzer, B., Andino, G., & Given, K. 2012. Multiple routes of pesticide exposure for honey bees living near agricultural fields. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29268. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029268.

Marquardt, P., C. Krupke, and W. Johnson. 2012. Competition of transgenic volunteer corn with soybean and the effect on western corn rootworm emergence. Weed Sci. 60: 193-198.

Marquardt, P. T., R. M. Terry, C. H. Krupke, and W. G. Johnson. 2012. Competitive effects of volunteer corn on hybrid corn growth and yield. Weed Sci. in press.

Meihls, L.N., M.L. Higdon, M.R. Ellersieck, B. E. Tabashnik, and B.E. Hibbard. 2012. Greenhouse-selected resistance to Cry3Bb1-producing corn in three western corn rootworm populations. PloS ONE 7: e51055.

Oswald, K., B.W. French, C. Nielson, and M. Bagley. 2012. Assessment of fitness costs in Cry3Bb1 resistant and susceptible western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) laboratory colonies. J. Appl. Entomol. 136: 730–740.

Petzold-Maxwell, J. L., X. Cibils-Stewart, B. W. French, and A. J. Gassmann. 2012. Adaptation by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bt maize: inheritance, fitness costs and feeding preference. J. Econ. Entomol. 105: 1407-1418.

Petzold-Maxwell, J.L., Jaronski, S.T., Gassmann, A. J. 2012. Tritrophic interactions among Bt maize, an insect pest, and entomopathogens: effects on development and survival of western corn rootworm. Ann. Appl. Biol. 160: 43-55.

Rangasamy, M., and B. D. Siegfried. 2012. Validation of RNA interference in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adults. Pest Manag. Sci. 68: 587-591.

Robert, C.A.M., M. Erb, B.E. Hibbard, B.W. French, C. Zwahlen, and T.C.J. Turlings. 2012. A specialist root herbivore reduces plant resistance and uses an induced plant volatile to aggregate in a density dependent manner. Func. Ecol. 26: 1429-1440.

Wright, R. J., and L. J. Meinke. 2012. Results from consultant survey on Bt corn rootworm damage. CropWatch Newsletter 3 February 2012. http://cropwatch.unl.edu/web/cropwatch/archive?articleID=4734708.

Wright, R. J., T. E. Hunt, and L. J. Meinke. 2013. Corn rootworm management update 2013. pp. 31-32, In: Proceedings Crop Protection Clinics, Univ. Nebr. Extension.

Zukoff, S.N., W. Bailey, M.R. Ellersieck, and B.E. Hibbard. 2012. Western corn rootworm larval movement in SmartStax seed blend scenarios. J. Econ. Entomol. 105: 1248-1260.

2013:

Bernklau, E. J., B. E. Hibbard, and L. B. Bjostad. 2013. Isolation and characterization of host recognition cues in corn roots for larvae of the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Econ. Entomol.106: 2354-2363.

Chu, C-C., J.L. Spencer, J.A. Zavala, and M.J. Seufferheld. 2013. Insect-microbiota interactions facilitate resistance to crop rotation in the western corn rootworm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 110: 11917-11922.

Cullen, E. M., and K. M. Holm. 2013. Aligning insect IPM programs with a cropping systems perspective: Cover crops and cultural pest control in Wisconsin organic corn and soybean. Agroecol. Sustain. Food Sys. 37: 550-577.

Cullen, E. M., M. E. Gray, A. J. Gassmann, and B. E. Hibbard. 2013. Resistance to Bt corn by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the U.S. corn belt. J. Integr. Pest Manag. 4: 2013; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/IPM13012.

Devos, Y., L. N. Meihls, J. Kiss, and B. E. Hibbard. 2013. Resistance evolution to the first generation of genetically modified Diabrotica-active Bt-maize events by western corn rootworm: management and monitoring considerations. Transgenic Res. 22: 269-299.

Dunbar, M. W. and Gassmann, A. J. 2013. Abundance and distribution of western and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) and prevalence of rotation resistance in eastern Iowa. J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 168-180.

Frank, D. L., A. Zukoff, J. Barry, M. L. Higdon, and B. E. Hibbard. 2013. Development of resistance to eCry3.1Ab-expressing transgenic maize in a laboratory-selected population of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 2267-2684.

Geisert, R.W., and L. J. Meinke. 2013. Frequency and distribution of extended diapause in Nebraska populations of Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 1619-1627.

Hodgson, E., and A. Gassmann. 2013. Time to assess corn rootworm activity in Iowa. In: Integrated Crop Management News. 31 July 2013.

Hodgson, E.,and A. Sisson. 2013. Corn rootworm hatch underway in 2013. In: Integrated Crop Management News. 14 June 2013.

Hodgson, E., K. Schaefer, and A. Gassmann. 2013. Iowa Farmer perception of corn rootworm resistance. In: Integrated Crop Management News. 13 September 2013.

Lundgren, J. G. and J. J. Duan. 2013. RNAi-based insecticidal crops: A novel paradigm in risk to non-target species. Bioscience 63(8): 657-665.

Mikac, K. M., J. Douglas, and J. L. Spencer. 2013. Wing shape and size of the western corn rootworm is related to sex and resistance to soybean-maize crop rotation. J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 1517-1524.

Petzold-Maxwell, J. L., A. P. Alves, R. E. Estes, M. E. Gray, L. J. Meinke, E. J. Shields, S. D. Thompson, N. A. Tinsley, and A. J. Gassmann. 2013. Applying an integrated refuge to manage western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): effects on survival, fitness and selection pressure. J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 2195-2207.

Petzold-Maxwell, J. L., Jaronski, S. T., Clifton, E. H., Dunbar, M. W., Jackson, M. A. and Gassmann, A. J. 2013. Interactions among Bt maize, entomopathogens and rootworm species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the field: effects on survival, yield and root injury. J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 622-632.

Petzold-Maxwell, J. L., L. J. Meinke, M. E. Gray, R. E. Estes, and A. J. Gassmann. 2013. Effect of Bt maize and soil insecticides on yield, injury, and rootworm survival: implications for resistance management. J. Econ. Entomol. 106: 1941-1951.

Prasifka, J. R., J. L. Spencer, N. A. Tinsley, R. E. Estes, and M. E. Gray. 2013. Adult activity and oviposition of corn rootworms, Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Miscanthus, corn and switchgrass. J. Appl. Entomol. 137: 481-487.

Robert, C. A. M., M. Erb, I. Hiltpold, B. E. Hibbard, M. D. P. Gaillard, J. Bilat. J. Degenhardt, X. Cambet-Petit-Jean, T. C. J. Turlings, and C. Zwahlen. 2013. Genetically engineered maize plants reveal distinct costs and benefits of constitutive volatile emissions in the field. Plant Biotechnol. J. 11: 628-639.

Robert, C. A. M., D. L. Frank, K. A. Leach, T. C. J. Turlings, B. E. Hibbard, and M. Erb. 2013. Direct and indirect plant defenses are not suppressed by endosymbionts of a specialist root herbivore. J. Chem. Ecol. 39: 507-515.

Rudeen, M. L., and A. J. Gassmann. 2013. Effects of Cry34/35Ab1 corn on survival and development of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Pest Manag. Sci. 69: 709-716.

Schmidt, J. M., J. A. Peterson, J. G. Lundgren, and J. D. Harwood. Dietary supplementation with non-prey food enhances fitness of a predatory arthropod. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 149: 282-291.

Spencer, J., D. Onstad, C. Krupke, S. Hughson, Z. Pan, B. Stanley, and L. Flexner. 2013. Isolated females and limited males: evolution of insect resistance in structured landscapes. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 146: 38-49.

Tinsley, N. A., R. E. Estes, and M. E. Gray. 2013. Validation of a nested error component model to estimate damage caused by corn rootworm larvae. J. Appl. Entomol. 137: 161-169.

Valencia, A., A. P. Alves, and B. D. Siegfried. 2013. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of an endogenous endoglucananse belonging to GHF45 from the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Gene 513: 260-267.

Venkata, B. P., N. Lauter, X. Li, C.Chapple, C. Krupke, G. Johal, and S. Moose. 2013. crw1 - A novel maize mutant highly susceptible to foliar damage by the western corn rootworm beetle. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71296. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071296 .

Wang, H., B. S. Coates, H. Chen, T. W. Sappington, T. Guillemaud, and B. D. Siegfried. 2013. Role of a gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA) receptor mutation in the evolution and spread of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera resistance to cyclodiene insecticides. Insect Mol. Biol. 22: 473-484.

Zhao, Zixiao. 2013. Effects of a corn root defense substance on western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte Larvae. M. S. Thesis. University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

2014:

Hiltpold, I., E. J. Bernklau, L. B. Bjostad, N. Alvarez, N. E. Miller-Struttmann, J. G. Lundgren, and B. E. Hibbard. The role of rhizospheric chemical exudates in the ecology, physiology, evolution and management of the root-mediated interactions between insect herbivores and plant roots. Adv. Insect Physiol. (Accepted, In Press).

Kang, J., C.H. Krupke, A.F. Murphy, J.L. Spencer, M.E. Gray, and D.W. Onstad. 2014. Modeling a western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) maturation delay and resistance evolution in Bt corn. Pest Manag. Sci. (In Press).

Marquardt, P. T., C. H. Krupke, J. J. Camberato, and W. G. Johnson. 2014. The effect of nitrogen rate on transgenic corn Bt protein expression. Pest Mgt. Sci. 70: 763-770.

Meinke, L. J., D. S. Wangila, R. J. Wright, T. E. Hunt, and G. R. Kruger. 2014. Corn rootworm management update. pp. 30-34, In: Proceedings Crop Protection Clinics, Univ. Nebr. Extension.

Muturi, E. J., J. L. Spencer and B. F. Allan. 2014. Influence of biofuel crops on mosquito production and oviposition site selection. Global Change Biol. Bioenergy 6: 61-66.

Spencer, J. L., S. A. Hughson, and E. Levine. 2014. Resistance to crop rotation. Chapter 7 (pages 233-278) in Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics and Prediction, 2nd Ed., D. W. Onstad, (ed.) Academic Press. Oxford, UK. 538 p.